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Rekik S, Hammami I, Timoumi O, Maghzaoua D, Khamassi Khbou M, Schulz A, Groschup MH, Gharbi M. A Review on Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Infections in Tunisia. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2024; 24:325-337. [PMID: 38457645 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2023.0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a zoonotic tick-borne disease, caused by an arbovirus of the genus Orthonairovirus and the family Nairoviridae. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is widespread in several regions of the world. While the virus is not pathogenic to all susceptible livestock and wild mammals, it can lead to severe hemorrhagic fever in humans. In this review, we compiled published data on CCHFV infections in humans, animals, and ticks in Tunisia. Based on that, we discussed the epidemiology and the distribution patterns of CCHFV infections highlighting the risk factors for this virus in the country. CCHF infection prevalence in humans was estimated to 2.76% (5/181) and 5% (2/38) in Tunisian febrile patients and Tunisian slaughterhouse workers, respectively. Concurrently, seroprevalence in domestic ungulates (sheep, goats, cattle, and dromedaries) ranged from zero to 89.7%, and only one Hyalomma impeltatum tick specimen collected from dromedaries in southern Tunisian was positive for CCHFV by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (0.6%; 1/165). As Tunisian studies on CCHFV are geographically scattered and limited due to very small sample sizes, further studies are needed to improve the knowledge on the epidemiology of CCHF in Tunisia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syrine Rekik
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Zoonoses, and Sanitary Regulation, University of Manouba, Institution of Agricultural Research and Higher Education, National School of Veterinary Medicine of Sidi Thabet, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Ines Hammami
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Zoonoses, and Sanitary Regulation, University of Manouba, Institution of Agricultural Research and Higher Education, National School of Veterinary Medicine of Sidi Thabet, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Oumayma Timoumi
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Zoonoses, and Sanitary Regulation, University of Manouba, Institution of Agricultural Research and Higher Education, National School of Veterinary Medicine of Sidi Thabet, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Dhekra Maghzaoua
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Zoonoses, and Sanitary Regulation, University of Manouba, Institution of Agricultural Research and Higher Education, National School of Veterinary Medicine of Sidi Thabet, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Médiha Khamassi Khbou
- Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Zoonoses, and Sanitary Regulation, University of Manouba, Institution of Agricultural Research and Higher Education, National School of Veterinary Medicine of Sidi Thabet, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Ansgar Schulz
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Martin H Groschup
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Mohamed Gharbi
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Zoonoses, and Sanitary Regulation, University of Manouba, Institution of Agricultural Research and Higher Education, National School of Veterinary Medicine of Sidi Thabet, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
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Alimi D, Trabelsi N, Hajri A, Amor MB, Mejri A, Jallouli S, Sebai H. Laboratory assessment of the acaricidal, repellent and anti-cholinesterase effects of Melaleuca alternifolia and Chamaemelum nobile essential oils against Hyalomma scupense ticks. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:1379-1391. [PMID: 38267710 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10313-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
In cattle, Hyalomma scupense serves as an important vector of several pathogens resulting in diseases, subsequently affecting the agricultural field as well as the economy. Resistance to chemical acaricides has become widespread affirming the need for new drugs to tick control. The goal of this study was to investigate the acaricidal, repellent activities as well as the putative mode of action of two essential oils (EOs) from Melaleuca alternifolia (Tea tree) and Chamaemelum nobile (Roman chamomile) on Hyalomma scupense. The chemical composition of EOs was also evaluated. Different concentrations of EOs were tested in vitro for their acaricidal property on adults and larvae of H. scupense using adult immersion test (AIT) and larval packet test (LPT). Additionally, using Ellman's spectrophotometric method, the anticholinesterase (AChE) inhibition activity of M. alternifolia and C. nobile EOs was assessed in order to understand their putative mode of action. The main compounds of C. nobile were α-Bisabolene (22.20%) and (E)-β-Famesene (20.41%). The major components in the analyzed M. alternifolia were Terpinen-4-ol (36.32%) and γ-Terpinene (13.69%). Adulticidal and larvicidal assays demonstrated a promising efficacy of the essential oils against tick H. scupense. The lethal concentration (LC50) values obtained for M. alternifolia and C. nobile oils were 0.84 and 0.96 mg/mL in the AIT and 0.37 and 0.48 mg/mL in the LPT, respectively. Regarding repellent activity, M. alternifolia achieved 100% repellency at the concentration of 1 mg/mL while C. nobile showed 95.98% repellency activity at concentration of 4 mg/mL. Also, M. alternifolia and C. nobile EOs displayed potent AChE inhibition with IC50 value of 91.27 and 100.12 μg/mL, respectively. In the present study, M. alternifolia and, to a lesser degree, C. nobile EOs were found to be effective in vitro acaricides, repellents and acetylcholinesterase inhibitor against H. scupense ticks. These plants may represent an economical and sustainable alternative to toxic synthetic acaricides in the management of ectoparasites of veterinary importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhouha Alimi
- Laboratory of Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bio-Resources (LR23ES08), Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, University of Jendouba, Habib Bourguiba Street, Box 382, 9000, Beja, Tunisia.
| | - Najla Trabelsi
- Laboratory of Olive Biotechnology, Center of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Azhar Hajri
- Laboratory of Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bio-Resources (LR23ES08), Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, University of Jendouba, Habib Bourguiba Street, Box 382, 9000, Beja, Tunisia
| | - Marwa Ben Amor
- Laboratory of Olive Biotechnology, Center of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Asma Mejri
- Laboratory of Olive Biotechnology, Center of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Selim Jallouli
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, Box 901, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Hichem Sebai
- Laboratory of Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bio-Resources (LR23ES08), Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, University of Jendouba, Habib Bourguiba Street, Box 382, 9000, Beja, Tunisia
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Ali S, Ahmad AS, Ashraf K, Khan JA, Rashid MI. Insights into the involvement of male Hyalomma anatolicum ticks in transmitting Anaplasma marginale, lumpy skin disease virus and Theileria annulata. Trop Anim Health Prod 2024; 56:167. [PMID: 38761254 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-024-04022-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Ticks can transmit viruses, bacteria, and parasites to humans, livestock, and pet animals causing tick-borne diseases (TBDs) mechanically or biologically in the world. Lumpy skin disease virus, Anaplasma marginale, and Theileria annulata inflict severe infections in cattle, resulting in significant economic losses worldwide. The study investigated the potential transmissions of LSDV, A. marginale, and T. annulata through male Hyalomma anatolicum ticks in cattle calves. Two 6-month-old Holstein crossbred calves designated as A and B were used. On day 1, 15 uninfected female ticks (IIa) and infected batch of 40 male ticks (I) were attached on calf A for 11 days. Filial transmission of the infections was observed in female ticks (IIb) collected from calf A, where 8 female ticks had been co-fed with infected male ticks. The blood sample of calf B was found positive through PCR for the infections. The larvae and egg pools obtained from the infected ticks were also tested positive in PCR. The study confirmed the presence of these mixed pathogens and potential intra-stadial and transovarial transmissions of A. marginale, T. annulata, and LSDV in male and female ticks of H. anatolicum and experimental calves to establish the feasibility of infections through an in vivo approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sikandar Ali
- Department of Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abdullah Saghir Ahmad
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, The Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Kamran Ashraf
- Department of Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Jawaria Ali Khan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran Rashid
- Department of Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
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Elati K, Benyedem H, Fukatsu K, Hoffmann-Köhler P, Mhadhbi M, Bakırcı S, Bilgiç HB, Karagenç T, Darghouth MA, Nijhof AM. In vitro feeding of all life stages of two-host Hyalomma excavatum and Hyalomma scupense and three-host Hyalomma dromedarii ticks. Sci Rep 2024; 14:444. [PMID: 38172407 PMCID: PMC10764919 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-51052-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Ticks are blood-sucking ectoparasites and can transmit various pathogens of medical and veterinary relevance. The life cycle of ticks can be completed under laboratory conditions on experimental animals, but the artificial feeding of ticks has attracted increased interest as an alternative method. This study represents the first report on the successful in vitro feeding of all life stages of two-host tick species, Hyalomma scupense and Hyalomma excavatum, and the three-host tick Hyalomma dromedarii. The attachment and engorgement rates of adults were 84% (21/25) and 76% (19/25) for H. scupense females. For adult H. excavatum and H. dromedarii, 70% (21/30) and 34.4% (11/32) of the females attached and all attached females successfully fed to repletion. The oviposition rates of the artificially fed females were 36.4%, 57.1% and 63.1% for H. dromedarii, H. excavatum and H. scupense, respectively, with a reproductive efficiency index varying between 44.3 and 60.7%. For the larvae, the attachment and engorgement rates were 44.2% (313/708) and 42.8% (303/708) for H. dromedarii, 70.5% (129/183) and 56.8% (104/183) for H. excavatum and 92.6% (113/122) and 55.7% (68/122) for H. scupense. The attachment and engorgement rates for the nymphs were 90.2% (129/143) and 47.6% (68/143) for H. dromedarii, 66.7% (34/51) and 41.2% (21/51) for H. excavatum, and 44.1% (30/68) and 36.8% (25/68) for H. scupense. Molting rates of the immature stages varied between 71.3% (216/303) and 100% (68/68) for the larvae and between 61.9% (13/21) and 96% (24/25) for the nymphs. The successful in vitro feeding of all stages of the three Hyalomma species makes this method a valuable tool for tick research, with potential applications in studies on the pathogens transmitted by these tick species such as Theileria annulata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khawla Elati
- Institute of Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-Von-Ostertag-Str. 7, 14163, Berlin, Germany.
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-Von-Ostertag-Str. 8, 14163, Berlin, Germany.
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie, École Nationale de MédecineVétérinaire de SidiThabet, Institution de la Recherche et de l'Enseignement Supérieur Agricoles, Univ. Manouba, 2020 Sidi Thabet, Tunisia, Univ. Manouba, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia.
| | - Hayet Benyedem
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie, École Nationale de MédecineVétérinaire de SidiThabet, Institution de la Recherche et de l'Enseignement Supérieur Agricoles, Univ. Manouba, 2020 Sidi Thabet, Tunisia, Univ. Manouba, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Kohsuke Fukatsu
- Institute of Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-Von-Ostertag-Str. 7, 14163, Berlin, Germany
- Research Center, Nihon Nohyaku Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Peggy Hoffmann-Köhler
- Institute of Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-Von-Ostertag-Str. 7, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Moez Mhadhbi
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie, École Nationale de MédecineVétérinaire de SidiThabet, Institution de la Recherche et de l'Enseignement Supérieur Agricoles, Univ. Manouba, 2020 Sidi Thabet, Tunisia, Univ. Manouba, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Serkan Bakırcı
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Isıklı‑Efeler, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Bilgin Bilgiç
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Isıklı‑Efeler, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Tülin Karagenç
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Isıklı‑Efeler, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Mohamed Aziz Darghouth
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie, École Nationale de MédecineVétérinaire de SidiThabet, Institution de la Recherche et de l'Enseignement Supérieur Agricoles, Univ. Manouba, 2020 Sidi Thabet, Tunisia, Univ. Manouba, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Ard M Nijhof
- Institute of Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-Von-Ostertag-Str. 7, 14163, Berlin, Germany.
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-Von-Ostertag-Str. 8, 14163, Berlin, Germany.
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5
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Chadi H, Moraga-Fernández A, Sánchez-Sánchez M, Chenchouni H, Fernández de Mera IG, Garigliany MM, de la Fuente J, Tennah S, Sedrati T, Ghalmi F. Molecular detection and associated risk factors of Anaplasma marginale, A. ovis and A. platys in sheep from Algeria with evidence of the absence of A. phagocytophilum. Acta Trop 2024; 249:107040. [PMID: 37839669 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.107040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Anaplasma species are obligate intracellular rickettsial pathogens that cause significant diseases in animals and humans. Despite their importance, limited information on Anaplasma infections in Algeria has been published thus far. This study aimed to assess the infection rate, characterize Anaplasma species, and identify associated risk factors in selected sheep farms across Oum El Bouaghi region in Algeria. In 2018, we collected 417 blood samples from sheep (Ovis aries) and performed molecular characterization of Anaplasma species infecting these animals. This characterization involved the use of 16S rRNA, msp2, rpoB, and msp5 genes, which were analyzed through nested PCR, qPCR, cPCR, DNA sequencing, and subsequent phylogenetic analysis. Our findings revealed infection rates of 12.7 % for Anaplasma species detected, with Anaplasma ovis at 10.8 %, Anaplasma marginale at 1.7 %, and Anaplasma platys at 0.2 %. Interestingly, all tested animals were found negative for Anaplasma phagocytophilum. Statistical analyses, including the Chi-square test and Fisher exact test, failed to establish any significant relationships (p > 0.05) between A. ovis and A. platys infections and variables such as age, sex, sampling season, and tick infestation level. However, A. marginale infection exhibited a significant association with age (p < 0.05), with a higher incidence observed in lambs (5.2 %) compared to other age groups. Remarkably, this study represents the first molecular detection of A. platys and A. marginale in Algerian sheep. These findings suggest that Algerian sheep may serve as potential reservoirs for these pathogens. This research contributes valuable insights into the prevalence and characteristics of Anaplasma infections in Algerian sheep populations, emphasizing the need for further investigation and enhanced surveillance to better understand and manage these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafidha Chadi
- Research Laboratory Management of Local Animal Resources, Higher National Veterinary School (ENSV), El Harrach, Algiers 16004, Algeria; Department of Applied Biology, Faculty of Exact Sciences and Nature and Life Sciences, University of Echahid Cheikh Larbi Tebessi, Tebessa 12000, Algeria.
| | - Alberto Moraga-Fernández
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM)-Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha (JCCM), Ronda de Toledo 12, Ciudad Real 13005, Spain
| | - Marta Sánchez-Sánchez
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM)-Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha (JCCM), Ronda de Toledo 12, Ciudad Real 13005, Spain
| | | | - Isabel G Fernández de Mera
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM)-Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha (JCCM), Ronda de Toledo 12, Ciudad Real 13005, Spain
| | - Mutien-Marie Garigliany
- Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Belgium
| | - José de la Fuente
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM)-Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha (JCCM), Ronda de Toledo 12, Ciudad Real 13005, Spain; Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Safia Tennah
- Research Laboratory Management of Local Animal Resources, Higher National Veterinary School (ENSV), El Harrach, Algiers 16004, Algeria
| | - Tahar Sedrati
- Research Laboratory Management of Local Animal Resources, Higher National Veterinary School (ENSV), El Harrach, Algiers 16004, Algeria; Department of Biology, University of Mohamed El Bachir El Ibrahimi, Bordj Bou Arréridj 34000, Algeria
| | - Farida Ghalmi
- Research Laboratory Management of Local Animal Resources, Higher National Veterinary School (ENSV), El Harrach, Algiers 16004, Algeria
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Wadaan MA, Khattak B, Riaz A, Hussain M, Khan MJ, Fozia F, Iftikhar A, Ahmad I, Khan MF, Baabbad A, Ziaullah. Biological Control of Hyalomma Ticks in Cattle by Fungal Isolates. Vet Sci 2023; 10:684. [PMID: 38133234 PMCID: PMC10747915 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10120684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Ticks pose a major threat to cattle health and production in Pakistan because they transmit pathogens of diseases like Babesiosis and Theileriosis. Hyalomma spp., found across Africa, Asia, and Europe, are especially problematic. This study explored biocontrol of Hyalomma spp. using spore-free fungal culture filtrates collected from dairy farm soil in Kohat, Pakistan. Three fungal species of the genera Alternaria, Aspergillus, and Penicillium were isolated, and their filtrates were tested against tick adults and larvae. Filtrate concentrations were prepared at different strengths. Data were taken after the exposure of adults and larvae ticks to various concentrations of the fungal filtrates. Results indicated that at 100% concentration, all fungal filtrates induced 100% mortality in adults and larvae. Decreasing filtrate concentration lowered tick mortality. The lowest concentration caused the least mortality. The effect was time- and dose-dependent. In conclusion, spore-free fungal culture filtrates can provide biocontrol of Hyalomma spp. in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Further research should explore the active compounds causing mortality and optimal application methods. The process outlined here provides a natural biocontrol alternative to chemical pesticides to reduce tick infestations and associated cattle diseases in Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ahmad Wadaan
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Baharullah Khattak
- Department of Microbiology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan
| | - Aneela Riaz
- Department of Microbiology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan
| | - Mubbashir Hussain
- Department of Microbiology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Jamil Khan
- Department of Animal Sciences, Facility of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Fozia Fozia
- Department of Biochemistry, KMU Institute of Dental Sciences, Kohat 26000, Pakistan
| | - Anisa Iftikhar
- Department of Biology, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA
| | - Ijaz Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Kohat University of Sciences & Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Farooq Khan
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Almohannad Baabbad
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ziaullah
- College of Professional Studies, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Sajid MS, Iqbal A, Rizwan HM, Kausar A, Tahir UB, Younus M, Maqbool M, Siddique RM, Fouad D, Ataya FS. Guardians of the Herd: Molecular Surveillance of Tick Vectors Uncovers Theileriosis Perils in Large Ruminants. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2684. [PMID: 38004696 PMCID: PMC10672939 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Theileria sp. (Piroplasmida: Theileriidae) is one of the most widely known infections transmitted by hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) and has been linked to significant economic losses across the globe. The study's main emphasis was theileriosis, a disease that is common in Pakistan and has an incidence ranging from 0.6% to 33%. Through DNA screening of the vector ticks and host blood, this study sought to determine the risk of tick-borne theileriosis in populations of buffalos (Bubalus bubalis) and cattle (Bos indicus) in Toba Tek Singh district of Punjab, Pakistan. Identified tick species include Hyalomma anatolicum (35.4%), Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (30.2%), and R. sanguineus (25%). Tick specimens were collected from animals and their respective microenvironments. PCR assays targeting Theileria annulata were used to investigate the infection in the DNA extracted from the collected blood samples from large ruminants and salivary glands (SGs) of the Hyalomma ticks. The 18S rRNA of T. annulata was amplified using specific primers. Positive T. annulata amplicons were sequenced and verified using BLAST analysis. Overall, 50% of SGs contained T. annulate DNA. Female ticks, and those collected from cattle and from riverine environments had significantly higher (p < 0.05) rates of Theileria infection in their acini. Overall prevalence of Theileria infection was 35.9% in blood collected from large ruminants. Cattle had a substantially greater frequency of bovine theileriosis (43.2%) than buffalos (28.7%). Age and sex of large ruminants were significantly positively associated (p < 0.05) with Theileria infection. Furthermore, compared to non-riverine cattle (35%) and buffalo (19.5%), riverine cattle (52.2%) and buffalo (36.2%) showed a considerably higher prevalence. The results of this study, which is the first in Pakistan to examine the blood of large ruminants and vectorial function of Ixodid ticks in the transmission of T. annulata along with associated risk factors, offer an important insight for risk assessment of Theileria infection in livestock using vectorial infectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sohail Sajid
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (U.B.T.); (M.M.)
| | - Asif Iqbal
- Department of Parasitology, Riphah College of Veterinary Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (A.I.); (R.M.S.)
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Rizwan
- Section of Parasitology, Department of Pathobiology, Khan Bahadur Chaudhary Mushtaq Ahmad College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Narowal, Sub Campus UVAS, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Asma Kausar
- Livestock and Dairy Development (L&DD), Veterinary Research Institute, Lahore 54080, Pakistan;
| | - Urfa Bin Tahir
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (U.B.T.); (M.M.)
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Muhammad Younus
- Section of Pathology, Department of Pathobiology, Khan Bahadur Chaudhary Mushtaq Ahmad College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Narowal, Sub Campus UVAS, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Mahvish Maqbool
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (U.B.T.); (M.M.)
| | - Rao Muhammad Siddique
- Department of Parasitology, Riphah College of Veterinary Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (A.I.); (R.M.S.)
| | - Dalia Fouad
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11459, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Farid Shokry Ataya
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
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Elati K, Salhi I, Kodia R, Rekik M, Gharbi M. Epidemiological situation of bovine tropical theileriosis in an arid region in central Tunisia with a phylogenetic analysis of Theileria annulata. Vet Med Sci 2023; 9:2862-2870. [PMID: 37725348 PMCID: PMC10650360 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tropical theileriosis, Theileria annulata infection, is the most prevalent summer disease in Tunisia. It is transmitted by Hyalomma scupense, a two-host tick known to be endophilic. OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to estimate the infection prevalence of cattle by T. annulata in two districts from central Tunisia. METHODS Blood samples collected from 270 Holstein cattle from the Sidi Bouzid (140 samples) and Kasserine districts (130 samples) were analysed by Giemsa staining and T. annulata-specific PCR. RESULTS In both regions, PCR revealed a prevalence of 32.6%. This was significantly higher than the 6.3% prevalence obtained by Giemsa staining blood smears (p < 0.001). Giemsa staining also revealed a low parasitaemia of 0.05%. The PCR-based prevalence was not statistically different between the two districts (31.4 ± 0.04 and 33.8 ± 0.04% in Sidi Bouzid and Kasserine districts, respectively, p = 0.6). On the contrary, the results of blood smear examination (2.85 and 10% in Sidi Bouzid and Kasserine, respectively) differed significantly between the two sampling sites (p = 0.01). There was no evidence of a statistically significant difference between the overall molecular infection prevalence when the samples were segregated based on animals' age or gender (p = 0.1 and 0.2, respectively) and a similar trend was observed for Giemsa staining. Ten PCR amplicons of the Tams1 gene (721 bp) were subsequently sequenced from the two regions. The phylogenetic analyses showed 100% similarity between all sequences. The unique conserved Tams1 sequence was deposited in GenBank under the accession number OP428816 and used to infer its phylogenetic relationships with those available in the GenBank repository. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report of the presence of T. annulata in this region of central Tunisia which has no history of tropical theileriosis. Priority areas for future studies include understanding the origin of these T. annulata-positive animals in a region where the presence of a known natural vector tick, H. scupense, has not been reported. Given that the disease severely constrains cattle productivity, it would also be worthwhile to investigate if other potential vectors for T. annulata, such as Hyalomma dromedarii, are present in the arid regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khawla Elati
- Institute of Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary MedicineFreie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research, Department of Veterinary MedicineFreie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
- Laboratoire de ParasitologieÉcole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire de Sidi Thabet, Institution de la Recherche et de l'Enseignement Supérieur Agricoles. Univ. ManoubaSidi ThabetTunisia
| | - Ismail Salhi
- Laboratoire de ParasitologieÉcole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire de Sidi Thabet, Institution de la Recherche et de l'Enseignement Supérieur Agricoles. Univ. ManoubaSidi ThabetTunisia
| | - Ridha Kodia
- Laboratoire de ParasitologieÉcole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire de Sidi Thabet, Institution de la Recherche et de l'Enseignement Supérieur Agricoles. Univ. ManoubaSidi ThabetTunisia
| | - Mourad Rekik
- International Centre for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA)AmmanJordan
| | - Mohamed Gharbi
- Laboratoire de ParasitologieÉcole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire de Sidi Thabet, Institution de la Recherche et de l'Enseignement Supérieur Agricoles. Univ. ManoubaSidi ThabetTunisia
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9
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Foughali AA, Mhadhbi M, Amairia S, Dhibi M, Bitam I, Boukabache H, Berbar A, Rjeibi MR, Gharbi M. Cattle co-infection patterns by hemopathogens and their phylogenetic analysis during the tick season in Constantine and Mila, Northeast Algeria. Parasitol Res 2023; 122:2245-2257. [PMID: 37480507 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-07916-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Tropical theileriosis, babesiosis, and anaplasmosis are the most dominant tick-borne infections in North Africa where they cause significant economic losses in ruminants' industry. The aim of the present work was to study infections and co-infection patterns in 66 cattle with clinical signs of piroplasmosis and/or anaplasmosis in two localities, Beni Hamidene and Grarem Gouga, districts of Constantine and Mila (Northeast of Algeria), respectively. This study was conducted between early May and late September during four years 2017, 2018, 2020, and 2021. PCR showed that the most frequent pathogen in cattle with clinical signs of piroplasmosis and/or anaplasmosis was Theileria annulata (66/66; 100%) followed by Babesia bovis (21/66; 31.8%), Anaplasma marginale (15/66; 22.7%), and Babesia bigemina (3/66; 4.5%) (p < 0.001). Giemsa-stained blood smears examinations revealed that 66.7% (44/66); 10.6% (7/66); and 9.1% (6/66) of cattle were infected by T. annulata, Babesia spp., and A. marginale, respectively (p < 0.001). PCR revealed seven co-infection patterns: T. annulata/A. marginale (15/66; 22.7%), T. annulata/B. bovis (21/66; 31.8%), T. annulata/B. bigemina (3/66; 4.5%), T. annulata/A. marginale/B. bovis (7/66; 10.6%), T. annulata/B. bovis/B. bigemina (2/66; 3%), T. annulata/A. marginale/B. bigemina (1/66; 1.5%), and T. annulata/A. marginale/B. bigemina/B. bovis (1/66; 1.5%). Phylogenetic analyses showed that T. annulata Tams1 and B. bigemina gp45 sequences were identical to isolates from Mauritania and South Africa, respectively. The three A. marginale amplicons obtained herein had 99.63 to 99.88% similarity between them. This study provides data that can be used to improve control programs targeting these cattle hemopathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Amina Foughali
- Laboratoire de Biodiversité Et Environnement: Interactions Et Génomes, Université Des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumédiène, BP 32 Bab Zouar, 1611, Algiers, Algeria.
- Institut Des Sciences Vétérinaires, Université de Blida 1, BP 270, Ouled Yaich, 9000 Blida, Algeria.
| | - Moez Mhadhbi
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie. Institution de la Recherche et de L'Enseignement Supérieur Agricoles & Univ. Manouba, École Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire de Sidi Thabet, 2020, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Safa Amairia
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie. Institution de la Recherche et de L'Enseignement Supérieur Agricoles & Univ. Manouba, École Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire de Sidi Thabet, 2020, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Mokhtar Dhibi
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie. Institution de la Recherche et de L'Enseignement Supérieur Agricoles & Univ. Manouba, École Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire de Sidi Thabet, 2020, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Idir Bitam
- Laboratoire de Biodiversité Et Environnement: Interactions Et Génomes, Université Des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumédiène, BP 32 Bab Zouar, 1611, Algiers, Algeria
- École Supérieure en Sciences de l'Aliment et des Industries Agroalimentaires (ESSAIA), El Harrach, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Hadjer Boukabache
- Laboratoire de l'Environnement, Santé et Productions Animales (LESPA), Institut des Sciences Vétérinaires et des Sciences Agronomiques, Université de Batna 1-El-Hadj Lakhdar, 05000, Batna, Algeria
| | - Ali Berbar
- Laboratoire des Biotechnologies Liées à la Reproduction Animale (LBRA), Université, Blida 1, Blida, Algeria
| | - Mohamed Ridha Rjeibi
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie. Institution de la Recherche et de L'Enseignement Supérieur Agricoles & Univ. Manouba, École Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire de Sidi Thabet, 2020, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Institut de La Recherche Vétérinaire de Tunisie, Univ. Tunis El Manar, 20 Rue de Jebel Lakdhar, La Rabta, 1006, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Gharbi
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie. Institution de la Recherche et de L'Enseignement Supérieur Agricoles & Univ. Manouba, École Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire de Sidi Thabet, 2020, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
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Bonnet SI, Bertagnoli S, Falchi A, Figoni J, Fite J, Hoch T, Quillery E, Moutailler S, Raffetin A, René-Martellet M, Vourc’h G, Vial L. An Update of Evidence for Pathogen Transmission by Ticks of the Genus Hyalomma. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12040513. [PMID: 37111399 PMCID: PMC10146795 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12040513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Current and likely future changes in the geographic distribution of ticks belonging to the genus Hyalomma are of concern, as these ticks are believed to be vectors of many pathogens responsible for human and animal diseases. However, we have observed that for many pathogens there are no vector competence experiments, and that the level of evidence provided by the scientific literature is often not sufficient to validate the transmission of a specific pathogen by a specific Hyalomma species. We therefore carried out a bibliographical study to collate the validation evidence for the transmission of parasitic, viral, or bacterial pathogens by Hyalomma spp. ticks. Our results show that there are very few validated cases of pathogen transmission by Hyalomma tick species.
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11
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Bonnet SI, Vourc’h G, Raffetin A, Falchi A, Figoni J, Fite J, Hoch T, Moutailler S, Quillery E. The control of Hyalomma ticks, vectors of the Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever virus: Where are we now and where are we going? PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010846. [PMCID: PMC9671348 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
At a time of major global, societal, and environmental changes, the shifting distribution of pathogen vectors represents a real danger in certain regions of the world as generating opportunities for emergency. For example, the recent arrival of the Hyalomma marginatum ticks in southern France and the concurrent appearance of cases of Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF)—a disease vectored by this tick species—in neighboring Spain raises many concerns about the associated risks for the European continent. This context has created an urgent need for effective methods for control, surveillance, and risk assessment for ticks and tick-borne diseases with a particular concern regarding Hyalomma sp. Here, we then review the current body of knowledge on different methods of tick control—including chemical, biological, genetical, immunological, and ecological methods—and the latest developments in the field, with a focus on those that have been tested against ticks from the genus Hyalomma. In the absence of a fully and unique efficient approach, we demonstrated that integrated pest management combining several approaches adapted to the local context and species is currently the best strategy for tick control together with a rational use of acaricide. Continued efforts are needed to develop and implement new and innovative methods of tick control. Disease-bearing Hyalomma ticks are an increasingly emerging threat to humans and livestock worldwide. Various chemical, biological, genetic, and ecological methods for tick control have been developed, with variable efficiencies. Today, the best tick control strategy involves an integrated pest management approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah I. Bonnet
- Animal Health Department, INRAE, Nouzilly, France
- Ecology and Emergence of Arthropod-borne Pathogens Unit, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 2000, Université Paris-cité, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Gwenaël Vourc’h
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR EPIA, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
- Université de Lyon, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR EPIA, Marcy l’Etoile, France
| | - Alice Raffetin
- Reference Centre for Tick-Borne Diseases, Paris and Northern Region, Department of Infectious Diseases, General Hospital of Villeneuve-Saint-Georges, 40 allée de la Source, Villeneuve-Saint-Georges, France
- EA 7380 Dynamyc, UPEC, Créteil, France
- Unité de recherche EpiMAI, USC ANSES, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Alessandra Falchi
- UR7310, Faculté de Sciences, Campus Grimaldi, Université de Corse, Corte, France
| | - Julie Figoni
- Santé publique France, 94410 Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Johanna Fite
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France
| | | | - Sara Moutailler
- ANSES, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, UMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Elsa Quillery
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France
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Defaye B, Moutailler S, Grech‐Angelini S, Galon C, Ferrandi S, Pasqualini V, Quilichini Y. Detecting zoonotic and non-zoonotic pathogens in livestock and their ticks in Corsican wetlands. Vet Med Sci 2022; 8:2662-2677. [PMID: 36207820 PMCID: PMC9677362 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Corsica is a large French island in the Mediterranean Sea with high human and animal migration rates, especially near wetlands where these migrations are particularly frequent. Among the livestock populations, cattle and sheep are widely present all across the entire Mediterranean region. Trade can be responsible for the circulation of numerous pathogens and their vectors, thereby representing a health and economic threat for the livestock industry. OBJECTIVES The objective of our study was to investigate the presence of pathogens in cattle and sheep farms in the wetlands of Corsica using a high-throughput screening technique. METHODS In our study, blood samples and ticks were collected from cattle and sheep in 20 municipalities near Corsican wetlands to screen for the presence of various types of pathogens. The samples were processed using a high-throughput screening technique based on real-time microfluidic PCR: 45 pathogens were screened in 47 samples simultaneously. RESULTS A total of 372 cattle and 74 sheep were sampled, and 444 ticks were collected from cattle. Out of the eight tick species detected, the main one was Rhipicephalus bursa (38.7% of the ticks collected). From cattle blood samples, one species and two genera were found: Anaplasma marginale, Trypanosoma sp. and Babesia sp. in respectively 61.5%, 58.3% and 12.2% of the cattle blood samples. From sheep blood samples, 74.3% were positive for Anaplasma sp, 2.7% for Anaplasma ovis and 1.4% for Anaplasma capra. This is the first report of A. ovis DNA in blood samples from sheep in Corsica. Out of 444 the tick samples, 114 were positive: 77.2% for Rickettsia aeschlimannii, 20.2% for Rickettsia sp., 3.5% for Babesia sp. and 1.8% for Anaplasma sp. Among them, 2.7% were co-infected with R. aeschlimannii and Babesia sp. CONCLUSIONS Our results confirm the extent of possible circulation of different pathogens near Corsican wetlands, not only in ticks collected from livestock but also directly in cattle and sheep, with two (Trypanosoma sp. and Babesia sp.) being detected for the first time in cattle, one for the first time in sheep (A. ovis) and one for the first time in Corsica (A. capra).
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Defaye
- UMR CNRS SPE 6134 – Université de Corse Pascal PaoliCorteFrance
| | - Sara Moutailler
- ANSESINRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Santé AnimaleMaisons‐AlfortFrance
| | | | - Clémence Galon
- ANSESINRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Santé AnimaleMaisons‐AlfortFrance
| | | | | | - Yann Quilichini
- UMR CNRS SPE 6134 – Université de Corse Pascal PaoliCorteFrance
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13
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Yang X, Zhao Y, Chuai X, Cao Q, Meng H, Liu J, Chen Z. The life cycle of Hyalomma scupense (Acari: Ixodidae) under laboratory conditions. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2022; 13:102019. [PMID: 35963189 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2022.102019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The life cycle of Hyalomma scupense on rabbit hosts was investigated under laboratory conditions. Hy. scupense exhibited one- and two-host life cycles of 163.2 and 161.4 days, respectively. The incubation of eggs required an average period of 52 days, which was the longest period among the four developmental stages. The average time for pre-feeding of larvae was 3.5 days. It took 20 days for larvae to become engorged nymphs and 52.3 days to become engorged females. The duration of the pre-feeding, feeding, pre-oviposition, and oviposition stages of female adults was 2.3, 13.5, 27.5, and 27.9 days, respectively. The average weight of engorged females was 390.0 mg (ranging from 129.3 mg to 828.6 mg), which was 28.95 times the weight of unfed females. There was a positive relationship between the weight and the number of eggs laid by engorged females (r = 0.927). The reproductive efficiency index (REI) was 8.63.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Yang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province 050017, China; State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, China.
| | - Yuqi Zhao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province 050017, China
| | - Xia Chuai
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province 050017, China
| | - Qiao Cao
- Shijiazhuang Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province 050041, China
| | - Hao Meng
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province 050017, China
| | - Jiaze Liu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province 050017, China
| | - Ze Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, China.
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14
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Sultankulova KT, Shynybekova GO, Issabek AU, Mukhami NN, Melisbek AM, Chervyakova OV, Kozhabergenov NS, Barmak SM, Bopi AK, Omarova ZD, Alibekova DA, Argimbayeva TU, Namet AM, Zuban IA, Orynbayev MB. The Prevalence of Pathogens among Ticks Collected from Livestock in Kazakhstan. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11101206. [PMID: 36297263 PMCID: PMC9611691 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11101206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ticks carry and transmit a wide variety of pathogens (bacteria, viruses and protozoa) that pose a threat to humans and animals worldwide. The purpose of this work was to study ticks collected in different regions of Kazakhstan for the carriage of various pathogens. The collected ticks were examined by PCR for the carriage of various pathogens. A total of 3341 tick samples parasitizing three animal species (cattle, sheep and horses) were collected at eight regions of Kazakhstan. Eight tick species were found infesting animals: Dermacentor marginatus (28.08%), Hyalomma asiaticum (21.28%), Hyalomma anatolicum (17.18%), Dermacentor reticulatus (2.01%), Ixodes ricinus (3.35%), Ixodes persulcatus (0.33%), Hyalomma scupense (12.87%) and Hyalomma marginatum (14.90%). Ticks collected from livestock animals were examined for the pathogen spectrum of transmissible infections to determine the degree of their infection. Four pathogen DNAs (lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV), Coxiella burnetti, Teileria annulata, and Babesia caballi) were detected by PCR in Dermacentor marginatus, Hyalomma asiaticum, Hyalomma scupense, Hyalomma anatolicum. The infection of ticks Dermacentor marginatus and Hyalomma asiaticum collected on cattle in the West Kazakhstan region with LSDV was 14.28% and 5.71%, respectively. Coxiella burnetti was found in the ticks Dermacentor marginatus (31.91%) in the Turkestan region and Hyalomma anatolicum (52.63%) in the Zhambyl region. Theileria annulata was found in ticks Hyalomma scupense (7.32%) and Dermacentor marginatus (6.10%) from cattle in the Turkestan region. Babesia caballi was isolated only from the species Hyalomma scupense (17.14%) in the Turkestan region. There were no PCR-positive tick samples collected from sheep. RNA/DNAs of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), African swine fever virus (ASFV), Hantavirus hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), and chlamydia pathogens were not found in ticks. The new data give a better understanding of the epidemiology of tick-borne pathogens and the possibility of the emergence of tick-borne animal diseases in Kazakhstan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kulyaisan T. Sultankulova
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Gvardeiskiy 080409, Kazakhstan
- Correspondence: (K.T.S.); (G.O.S.)
| | - Gaukhar O. Shynybekova
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Gvardeiskiy 080409, Kazakhstan
- Correspondence: (K.T.S.); (G.O.S.)
| | - Aisha U. Issabek
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Gvardeiskiy 080409, Kazakhstan
| | - Nazym N. Mukhami
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Gvardeiskiy 080409, Kazakhstan
| | - Aibarys M. Melisbek
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Gvardeiskiy 080409, Kazakhstan
| | - Olga V. Chervyakova
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Gvardeiskiy 080409, Kazakhstan
| | - Nurlan S. Kozhabergenov
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Gvardeiskiy 080409, Kazakhstan
| | - Sabyrkhan M. Barmak
- LLP “Kazakh Research Institute of Processing and Food Industry”, Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan
| | - Arailym K. Bopi
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Gvardeiskiy 080409, Kazakhstan
| | - Zamira D. Omarova
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Gvardeiskiy 080409, Kazakhstan
| | - Dana A. Alibekova
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Gvardeiskiy 080409, Kazakhstan
| | - Takhmina U. Argimbayeva
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Gvardeiskiy 080409, Kazakhstan
| | - Aidar M. Namet
- MVA Group Scientific-Research Production Center Ltd., Almaty 050046, Kazakhstan
| | - Ivan A. Zuban
- Department “Biology”, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, M. Kozybayev North Kazakhstan University, Petropavlovsk 150000, Kazakhstan
| | - Mukhit B. Orynbayev
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Gvardeiskiy 080409, Kazakhstan
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15
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Mechouk N, Mihalca AD, Deak G, Bouslama Z. Synopsis of the ticks of Algeria with new hosts and localities records. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:302. [PMID: 36028886 PMCID: PMC9419418 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05424-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ticks are obligate hematophagous arthropods with a world-wide distribution that are extremely important not only in terms of human and animal health but also economically. In Algeria, information on tick species is scarce. Methods A systematic literature review was performed using online databases. The information extracted from the databases was was supplemented by information from an original study. Ticks were collected from various hosts and by flagging from January 2018 to December 2019. Results To date, in Algeria a total of 36 valid tick species belonging to two families have been recorded: (1) family Argasidae, with three Argas species and nine Ornithodoros species recorded; and (ii) family Ixodidae, with one Dermacentor species, three Haemaphysalis species, 10 Hyalomma species, four Ixodes species and six Rhipicephalus species recorded. The geographical distribution for each species was determined and listed. Eight new tick-host associations were recorded: four for Ixodes inopinatus sensu Estrada-Peña et al. 2014, one for Rhipicephalus bursa, one for R. turanicus, one for Hyalomma marginatum and one for Hy. lusitanicum. To our best knowledge, this study is the first to report the presence of I. inopinatus sensu Estrada-Peña et al. 2014 in Algeria. We also report here for the first time all tick species (Argasidae and Ixodidae) known to be present in Algeria. Conclusion This article represents a tool for students and scientists who work in the field of ticks and provides important new data on the distribution of ticks in Algeria. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-022-05424-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noureddine Mechouk
- Laboratory of Ecology of Terrestrial and Aquatics Systems (EcoSTAq), Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Badji Mokhtar University, BP 12, 23200, Annaba, Algeria.,Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăștur 3-5, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andrei Daniel Mihalca
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăștur 3-5, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Georgiana Deak
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăștur 3-5, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Zihad Bouslama
- Laboratory of Ecology of Terrestrial and Aquatics Systems (EcoSTAq), Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Badji Mokhtar University, BP 12, 23200, Annaba, Algeria.,National Environmental Research Center, Sidi Amar Campus, Sidi Amar Campus, BP No. 2024, 23005, Annaba, Algeria
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Maqbool M, Sajid MS, Saqib M, Anjum FR, Tayyab MH, Rizwan HM, Rashid MI, Rashid I, Iqbal A, Siddique RM, Shamim A, Hassan MA, Atif FA, Razzaq A, Zeeshan M, Hussain K, Nisar RHA, Tanveer A, Younas S, Kamran K, Rahman SU. Potential Mechanisms of Transmission of Tick-Borne Viruses at the Virus-Tick Interface. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:846884. [PMID: 35602013 PMCID: PMC9121816 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.846884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ticks (Acari; Ixodidae) are the second most important vector for transmission of pathogens to humans, livestock, and wildlife. Ticks as vectors for viruses have been reported many times over the last 100 years. Tick-borne viruses (TBVs) belong to two orders (Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales) containing nine families (Bunyaviridae, Rhabdoviridae, Asfarviridae, Orthomyxovirida, Reoviridae, Flaviviridae, Phenuviridae, Nyamiviridae, and Nairoviridae). Among these TBVs, some are very pathogenic, causing huge mortality, and hence, deserve to be covered under the umbrella of one health. About 38 viral species are being transmitted by <10% of the tick species of the families Ixodidae and Argasidae. All TBVs are RNA viruses except for the African swine fever virus from the family Asfarviridae. Tick-borne viral diseases have also been classified as an emerging threat to public health and animals, especially in resource-poor communities of the developing world. Tick-host interaction plays an important role in the successful transmission of pathogens. The ticks' salivary glands are the main cellular machinery involved in the uptake, settlement, and multiplication of viruses, which are required for successful transmission into the final host. Furthermore, tick saliva also participates as an augmenting tool during the physiological process of transmission. Tick saliva is an important key element in the successful transmission of pathogens and contains different antimicrobial proteins, e.g., defensin, serine, proteases, and cement protein, which are key players in tick-virus interaction. While tick-virus interaction is a crucial factor in the propagation of tick-borne viral diseases, other factors (physiological, immunological, and gut flora) are also involved. Some immunological factors, e.g., toll-like receptors, scavenger receptors, Janus-kinase (JAK-STAT) pathway, and immunodeficiency (IMD) pathway are involved in tick-virus interaction by helping in virus assembly and acting to increase transmission. Ticks also harbor some endogenous viruses as internal microbial faunas, which also play a significant role in tick-virus interaction. Studies focusing on tick saliva and its role in pathogen transmission, tick feeding, and control of ticks using functional genomics all point toward solutions to this emerging threat. Information regarding tick-virus interaction is somewhat lacking; however, this information is necessary for a complete understanding of transmission TBVs and their persistence in nature. This review encompasses insight into the ecology and vectorial capacity of tick vectors, as well as our current understanding of the predisposing, enabling, precipitating, and reinforcing factors that influence TBV epidemics. The review explores the cellular, biochemical, and immunological tools which ensure and augment successful evading of the ticks' defense systems and transmission of the viruses to the final hosts at the virus-vector interface. The role of functional genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics in profiling tick-virus interaction is also discussed. This review is an initial attempt to comprehensively elaborate on the epidemiological determinants of TBVs with a focus on intra-vector physiological processes involved in the successful execution of the docking, uptake, settlement, replication, and transmission processes of arboviruses. This adds valuable data to the existing bank of knowledge for global stakeholders, policymakers, and the scientific community working to devise appropriate strategies to control ticks and TBVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahvish Maqbool
- Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sohail Sajid
- Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saqib
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Faisal Rasheed Anjum
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Haleem Tayyab
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Rizwan
- Section of Parasitology, Department of Pathobiology, KBCMA College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Narowal, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran Rashid
- Department of Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Imaad Rashid
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Asif Iqbal
- Section of Parasitology, Department of Pathobiology, Riphah College of Veterinary Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rao Muhammad Siddique
- Section of Parasitology, Department of Pathobiology, Riphah College of Veterinary Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Asim Shamim
- Department of Pathobiology, University of the Poonch Rawalakot, Rawalakot, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Adeel Hassan
- Department of Parasitology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Farhan Ahmad Atif
- Medicine Section, Department of Clinical Sciences, Collège of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang, Pakistan
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Razzaq
- Agricultural Linkages Program, Pakistan Agriculture Research Council, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zeeshan
- Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Kashif Hussain
- Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Akasha Tanveer
- Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sahar Younas
- Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Kashif Kamran
- Department of Zoology, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad ur Rahman
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Bedouhene A, Kelanemer R, Medrouh B, Kernif T, Saidi F, Tail G, Ziam H. Seasonal Dynamics and Predilection Sites of Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) Feeding on Cows in the Western Parts of the Djurdjura, Algeria. FRONTIERS IN TROPICAL DISEASES 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fitd.2022.856179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine the phenology and predilection sites of ticks infesting cattle in the western region of Djurdjura (North Algeria) from November 2018 and October 2020. Nineteen cattle farms located in thirteen localities within four provinces were visited monthly for two years. Among the 289 examined cattle, 64.36 ± 2.81% (n=189) were infested by ticks. Of the 10,243 collected ticks, the most abundant tick species was Rhipicephalus bursa (31.57 ± 0.46%), followed by R. annulatus (31.26 ± 0.45%), Hyalomma marginatum (10.67 ± 0.30%), H. lusitanicum (7.02 ± 0.25%), H. excavatum (5.52±%0.22), H. scupense (4.27 ± 0.19%) and H. impeltatum (3.32 ± 0.17%). Ticks of the Hyalomma species were present throughout the year but in a limited number during the winter. H. scupense and H. impletatum showed similar activity from March to October and peaked in April and July, respectively (P<0.001). H. lusitanicum and H. excavatum were active from April to November and both peaked in September and October respectively. Rhipicephalus bursa was collected from April to August and R. annulatus from July to October. R. turanicus was active between April and June. Hyalomma genus had an affinity of attachment for the inguinal region (P<0.001). All parasitic stages of R. annulatus had an affinity for the necks (P<0.001). Nymphs of R. bursa prefer the neck (P<0.001), the adults attach to the perennial and inguinal regions (P<0.001). R. turanicus attach to the ears (P<0.001). As far as we know, this is the first study on the phenology and predilection sites of cattle ticks in the west region of Djurdjura in Algeria.
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Nasirian H. Ticks infected with Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV): A decision approach systematic review and meta-analysis regarding their role as vectors. Travel Med Infect Dis 2022; 47:102309. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2022.102309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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Alimi D, Hajri A, Jallouli S, Sebai H. Efficacy of synergistic activity of seed oils from Carthamus tinctorius (Safflower) and Nasturtium officinale (Watercress) on the lethality of the cattle tick Hyalomma scupense (Acari: Ixodidae). Open Vet J 2022; 12:80-90. [PMID: 35342738 PMCID: PMC8956231 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2022.v12.i1.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ticks and tick-borne diseases are a severe economic and public-health problem for cattle producers. The emergence of acaricide resistance to synthetic chemical treatments has prompted interest in developing alternative tick control methods. Aim The main objective of the current research was to identify the chemical structure of Carthamus tinctorius and Nasturtium officinale seed oils and to assess their anti-tick properties against Hyalomma scupense ticks both alone and in combination (1:1). Methods Analytical methods were used to analyze the chemical components. For in vitro assays, adults of H. scupense were immersed in C. tinctorius and N. officinale seed oils at 100, 125, 200, and 300 mg/ml concentrations; for 5 minutes. Larvae of H. scupense were dipped in 25, 50, 100, 125, 200, and 300 mg/ml doses of seed oils; the mortality percentage was determined after 24 hours. Results The seed oil safflower was mainly composed of linoleic acid (84.48%), followed by palmitic acid (6.54%) and stearic acid (3.77%). Meanwhile, watercress seed oil was mainly composed of linolenic acid (50.78%), gondoic acid (13.57%), linoleic acid (10.58%), palmitic acid (8.02%), and erucidic acid (6.62%). The Adults Immersion Test showed the sensitivity of ticks to C. tinctorius and N. officinale seed oil: C. tinctorius seed oil caused (95%) mortality of H. scupense at 300 mg/ml, while N. officinale seed oil induced (88.68%) mortality at the same concentration. At a 200 mg/ml concentration, C. tinctorius and N. officinale oil combined caused 100% mortality. Tested oils showed larvicidal efficacy. LC50 values for C. tinctorius and N. officinale seed oils were 84.16 and 61.78 mg/ml, respectively, in 24 hours. LC50 value of oils association (50% C. tinctorius: 50% N. officinale) was 47.96 mg/ml.The mixture of seed oils from two plants tested against H. scupense larvae and adult females at a 1:1 ratio showed synergistic interaction. Conclusion Seed oils tested alone, and the mixture could be used as an alternative solution in the fight against ticks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhouha Alimi
- Laboratory of Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bio-resources (UR17ES27), Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, University of Jendouba, Beja, Tunisia
| | - Azhar Hajri
- Laboratory of Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bio-resources (UR17ES27), Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, University of Jendouba, Beja, Tunisia
| | - Selim Jallouli
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Hichem Sebai
- Laboratory of Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bio-resources (UR17ES27), Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, University of Jendouba, Beja, Tunisia
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Alimi D, Hajri A, Jallouli S, Sebai H. Phytochemistry, anti-tick, repellency and anti-cholinesterase activities of Cupressus sempervirens L. and Mentha pulegium L. combinations against Hyalomma scupense (Acari: Ixodidae). Vet Parasitol 2022; 303:109665. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2022.109665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Characterization of a single-domain von Willebrand factor type C protein (HaSVC) from the salivary gland of the tick Hyalomma asiaticum. Exp Parasitol 2021; 232:108190. [PMID: 34848245 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2021.108190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
As a widely distributed arthropod and vector for various pathogens, Hyalomma asiaticum presents great risk and potential losses in animal husbandry. Effective measures, including the use of vaccines, are necessary for controlling ticks and tick-borne diseases. A concise understanding of the tick-host interaction associated molecules and pathways is required for vaccine development. In the present study, a protein containing a single-domain von Willebrand factor type C (HaSVC) was isolated from H. asiaticum and was subjected to functional identification. As a result, the full-length sequence of the HaSVC (506 bp) gene was obtained, which putatively encodes 100 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 11 kDa, excluding the 23-amino acid signal peptide. HaSVC contains 8 cysteines to form 4 disulfide bonds. The native HaSVC protein was detected in multiple tick organs. HaSVC neither attenuated the anti-coagulation process nor directly affected the blood feeding of adult ticks. However, the purified recombinant protein HaSVC (rHaSVC/GST) significantly increased the proliferation of mice spleen cells. This might suggest a regulatory function for HaSVC on inflammation, thus providing new information that may explain the "crosstalk" between ticks and hosts.
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Ullah R, Shams S, Khan MA, Ayaz S, Akbar NU, Din QU, Khan A, Leon R, Zeb J. Epidemiology and molecular characterization of Theileria annulata in cattle from central Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249417. [PMID: 34529664 PMCID: PMC8445462 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Theileria annulata is a tick-borne hemoprotozoan parasite responsible for tropical theileriosis in the bovine population, which causes substantial economic losses to the livestock sector. The present study has investigated, characterized, and shaped epidemiologic and phylogenetic profiles of T. annulata infection in the cattle population of central Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A total of 600 blood samples were collected from cattle. Microscopy and PCR (18S rRNA taxonomic marker) assays were performed to detect T. annulata infection in cattle from the study area. The overall relative prevalence rates of T. annulata in the examined cattle population were 12.8% (microscopy) and 23.7% (PCR). District-wise analysis (microscopy/PCR) showed that cattle from district Mardan were found more infected (16.0%/28.0%), as compared to cattle from district Charsadda (13.5%/25.5%) and district Peshawar (9.0%/17.5%). Based on host demographic and ecological parameters analysis, theileriosis was found to be higher in young, female, crossbred, freely grazing, tick-infested, and irregular/no acaricides treated cattle. The univariate logistic analysis showed that host age, tick infestation, acaricides use, and feeding method were significant risk factors (P<0.05) whereas multivariate analysis indicated that host age, gender, tick infestation, acaricidal application, and feeding method were potential risk factors (P<0.05) for tropical theileriosis in the cattle population. Phylogenetic and sequence analysis showed that T. annulata 18S rRNA isolates shared homology and phylogeny with other isolates from Asia and Europe. This study has addressed the epidemiology and phylogeny of T. annulata circulating in bovid in the study area where gaps were still present. These findings will serve as a baseline and will facilitate future large-scale epidemiological investigations on tropical theileriosis in the cattle population at a national level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raqeeb Ullah
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Sumaira Shams
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Munsif Ali Khan
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
- College of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Sultan Ayaz
- College of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Noor ul Akbar
- Department of Zoology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Qeyam ud Din
- Department of Geography, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Adil Khan
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
- College of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Renato Leon
- Medical Entomology & Tropical Medicine Laboratory LEMMT, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Jehan Zeb
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
- College of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
- * E-mail:
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Akyildiz G, Guven E, Tufek H, Bente D, Vatansever Z, Kar S. Monthly dynamics of the cold-adapted one-host biological north form of Hyalomma scupense under the influence of the warm summer subtype of the Mediterranean climate in Turkey. Parasitol Int 2021; 85:102427. [PMID: 34314861 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2021.102427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The one-host biological north form / ecotype of Hyalomma scupense Schulze, 1919 (Acari, Ixodidae) is reported for the first time in Turkey herein. Following the first detection of the tick, a longitudinal field study was carried out to fill gaps in the data concerning its biological features. This study also aimed to determine how the monthly activation dynamics of this relatively cold climate-adapted species is characterized under the influence of the warm summer subtype of the Mediterranean climate. During this study, which was carried out on a monthly basis in 2014, H. scupense was found on cattle from 5 out of 18 villages screened in Thrace (the European part of Turkey). The field study revealed that i) this north ecotype of H. scupense exhibits winter one-host behavior beginning in October (with larval stages) and ending in April (with engorged adults); ii) engorged females detach from the cattle, drop on the floors of barns during night and accumulate on piled bedding contaminated with slurry manure; iii) in the late spring, engorged females lay eggs, and larvae hatch in the same area; and iv) larvae become active in autumn as the weather grows cooler. The results indicated that although one-host H. scupense is known to be distinctly adapted to cold conditions, it can also be effectively established in relatively temperate regions and complete its life cycle with some modifications in the timing of its monthly activation dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurkan Akyildiz
- Department of Biology, Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, Tekirdag, Turkey
| | - Esin Guven
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Hakan Tufek
- Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University, Caycuma Vocational High School, Zonguldak, Turkey.
| | - Dennis Bente
- Galveston National Laboratory, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States of America.
| | - Zati Vatansever
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Sirri Kar
- Department of Biology, Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, Tekirdag, Turkey.
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Elati K, Bouaicha F, Dhibi M, Ben Smida B, Mhadhbi M, Obara I, Amairia S, Bouajila M, Rischkowsky B, Rekik M, Gharbi M. Phenology and phylogeny of Hyalomma spp. ticks infesting one-humped camels (Camelus dromedarius) in the Tunisian Saharan bioclimatic zone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 28:44. [PMID: 34009121 PMCID: PMC8132600 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2021038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we report the results of a survey of Hyalomma ticks infesting one-humped camels in southern Tunisia. Examinations were conducted every second or third month on 406 camels in Tataouine district from April 2018 to October 2019. A total of 1902 ticks belonging to the genus Hyalomma were collected. The ticks were identified as adult H. impeltatum (41.1%; n = 782), H. dromedarii (32.9%; n = 626), H. excavatum (25.9%; n = 493), and H. marginatum for a single specimen. Although the camels were infested by ticks throughout the year, the highest overall infestation prevalence was observed in April 2018 (p < 0.01). The overall infestation intensity varied between 2.7 and 7.4 ticks/animal. There were no statistically significant differences in tick infestation prevalence based on age categories of the camels, and the overall infestation prevalence was between 82.7% and 97.4%. Female camels were significantly more infested with ticks (88.3%) than males (65.5%) (p < 0.01). The infestation prevalence of camels varied significantly according to the region where sampling took place (p < 0.01), but no correlations were found with abiotic factors. The preferred attachment sites for adult Hyalomma ticks were the sternum (38.3%; n = 729/1902), around the anus (36.2%; n = 689/1902), udder (18.4%; n = 350/1902), and inner thigh (6.9%; n = 132/1902). Morphological classification of ticks was corroborated by sequencing the cytochrome c oxidase I (Cox1) and 16S rDNA genes, and these sequences were also used to infer phylogenetic relationships. A single H. dromedarii seemed to be a natural hybrid with H. rufipes. More attention should be devoted by the veterinary services to the infestation of camels by ticks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khawla Elati
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Univ. Manouba, Institution de la Recherche et de l'Enseignement Supérieur Agricoles, École Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire de Sidi Thabet, 2020 Sidi Thabet, Tunisia - Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Faten Bouaicha
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Univ. Manouba, Institution de la Recherche et de l'Enseignement Supérieur Agricoles, École Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire de Sidi Thabet, 2020 Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Mokhtar Dhibi
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Univ. Manouba, Institution de la Recherche et de l'Enseignement Supérieur Agricoles, École Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire de Sidi Thabet, 2020 Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Boubaker Ben Smida
- Commissariat Régional de Développement Agricole (CRDA), 3200 Tataouine, Tunisia
| | - Moez Mhadhbi
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Univ. Manouba, Institution de la Recherche et de l'Enseignement Supérieur Agricoles, École Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire de Sidi Thabet, 2020 Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Isaiah Obara
- Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Safa Amairia
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Univ. Manouba, Institution de la Recherche et de l'Enseignement Supérieur Agricoles, École Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire de Sidi Thabet, 2020 Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Mohsen Bouajila
- Commissariat Régional de Développement Agricole (CRDA), 3200 Tataouine, Tunisia
| | - Barbara Rischkowsky
- International Centre for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Mourad Rekik
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), P.O. Box 950764, Amman 11195, Jordan
| | - Mohamed Gharbi
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Univ. Manouba, Institution de la Recherche et de l'Enseignement Supérieur Agricoles, École Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire de Sidi Thabet, 2020 Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
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Dehuri M, Panda M, Sahoo N, Mohanty B, Behera B. Nested PCR assay for detection of Theileria annulata in Hyalomma anatolicum infesting cattle from coastal Odisha, India. Anim Biotechnol 2021; 33:1229-1234. [PMID: 33688785 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2021.1885427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Ticks are economically important obligatory blood feeding arthropods that have a pivotal role in transmission of infection. The present study was conducted in ixodid ticks collected from four districts of coastal Odisha, India to investigate the prevalence of Theileria annulata. Adult semi engorged Hyalomma anatolicum ticks (n = 178) were dissected, the salivary gland was isolated and DNA was extracted. A nested PCR targeting the Tams1 gene of T. annulata, utilizing two sets of primers (N516F, N517R, and Ta14136iF, Ta249R) was utilized for detection of the parasite. The PCR products were then sequenced and subjected to BLAST analysis, alignment, and phylogenetic study. Two sequences deposited in GenBank were assigned Accession No MH477290.1 and Accession No MH477291.1. The molecular investigation of T. annulata revealed an overall prevalence of 14.6% in tick vectors, and nested PCR was found to have significant (p < 0.05) higher results than primary PCR. A significant higher presence (p < 0.05) was recorded in female ticks compared with male ticks. This is the first report of detection of the parasite in tick vectors in the state of Odisha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manaswini Dehuri
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Mitraranjan Panda
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Niranjan Sahoo
- Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Bijayendranath Mohanty
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Bikash Behera
- Regional Centre for Wild Life Health, Bhubaneswar, India
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Lotfi D, Karima K. Identification and incidence of hard tick species during summer season 2019 in Jijel Province (northeastern Algeria). J Parasit Dis 2020; 45:211-217. [PMID: 33746406 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-020-01296-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ticks are haematophagous arthropodsand tick-borne diseases causes billions of dollars in losses in the cattle industry because of the ability of ticks to be vector for many pathogens. This paper identifies and compares the infestation rate (prevalence and intensity) of females of hard tick species compared to males with respect to sex, age and breed of cattle in the region of Jijel, northeastern Algeria. A total of infested 53 cattle were screened and 1214 ticks were collected manually during summer 2019 (June, July and August) and identified based on their morphology. Seven tick species were identified as infesting the cattle: viz. Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus, Rhipicephalus bursa, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Hyalomma marginatum, Hyalomma lusitanicum, Hyalomma scupense, and Hyalomma anatolicum. The predominant tick species recorded is Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus. The maximum intensity of tick infestation as a function of age is between 3 and 4 years and 5 and 6 years (39 ticks/cow). The study shows that the comparison between the prevalence of infestation in females and males is significant as a function of sex and breed of cattle. In addition, only the intensity of infestation as a function of the age of the cattle, when comparing the sexes of the ticks, is significant (p < 0.05). This study also provides data for the development of an active control plan based on tick mating strategies for the management of ticks in cattle in Jijel, Algeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derradj Lotfi
- Arthropods Biosystematics and Ecology Laboratory, Department of Animal Biology, Frères Mentouri - Constantine 1 University, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Kohil Karima
- Arthropods Biosystematics and Ecology Laboratory, Department of Animal Biology, Frères Mentouri - Constantine 1 University, Constantine, Algeria
- Institute of Veterinary Science, Frères Mentouri - Constantine 1 University, Constantine, Algeria
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Gharbi M, Darghouth MA, Elati K, Al-Hosary AAT, Ayadi O, Salih DA, El Hussein AM, Mhadhbi M, Khamassi Khbou M, Hassan SM, Obara I, Ahmed LS, Ahmed J. Current status of tropical theileriosis in Northern Africa: A review of recent epidemiological investigations and implications for control. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 67 Suppl 1:8-25. [PMID: 32174036 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tropical theileriosis caused by the apicomplexan hemoparasite Theileria annulata is a tick-borne disease that constraints livestock production in parts of Europe, Asia and Africa. Four Hyalomma tick species transmit T. annulata in at least eight Africa countries (Mauritania, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Egypt, Sudan, South Sudan and Ethiopia). The two dominant T. annulata vector ticks present in Africa, H. scupense and H. anatolicum, underlie two different patterns of transmission, which in turn greatly influence the epidemiology of tropical theileriosis. H. dromedarii and H. lusitanicum are also capable of transmitting T. annulata in North Africa, but their roles are associated with specific production systems and agro-ecological contexts. The emergence of resistance to the most widely used theilericidal compound, buparvaquone, continues to limit the effectiveness of chemotherapy. In addition, acaricide use is increasingly becoming unsustainable. Deployable T. annulata attenuated live vaccines established from local strains in Tunisia, Sudan and Egypt are available, and recent work has indicated that these vaccines can be protective under conditions of natural transmission. However, vaccination programmes may vary over space and time due to differences in the prevalence of disease amongst cattle populations, as well seasonal variation in vector activity. We review recent descriptive and analytical surveys on the epidemiology of T. annulata infection with reference to (a) demographic aspects such as breeds and ages of cattle herds previously exposed to distinct T. annulata infection pressures and (b) seasonal dynamics of tick activity and disease transmission. We then discuss how the wider endemic patterns that we delineate can underpin the development and execution of future vaccination programmes. We also outline options for integrated control measures targeting tick vectors and husbandry practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Gharbi
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Institution de la Recherche et de l'Enseignement Supérieur Agricoles and Univ. Manouba, École Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire de Sidi Thabet, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Aziz Darghouth
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Institution de la Recherche et de l'Enseignement Supérieur Agricoles and Univ. Manouba, École Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire de Sidi Thabet, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Khawla Elati
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Institution de la Recherche et de l'Enseignement Supérieur Agricoles and Univ. Manouba, École Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire de Sidi Thabet, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Amira A T Al-Hosary
- Department of Animal Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ouarda Ayadi
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Institut des Sciences Vétérinaire El Khroub, Université Frères Mentouri, Constantine I, Algeria
| | | | | | - Moez Mhadhbi
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Institution de la Recherche et de l'Enseignement Supérieur Agricoles and Univ. Manouba, École Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire de Sidi Thabet, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Médiha Khamassi Khbou
- Laboratoire de Maladies Contagieuses, Zoonoses et Législation Sanitaire, Institution de la Recherche et de l'Enseignement Supérieur Agricoles and Univ Manouba, École Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire de Sidi Thabet, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | | | - Isaiah Obara
- Institute of Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Laila S Ahmed
- Department of Animal Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Jabbar Ahmed
- Institute of Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Ziam H, Kernif T, Saidani K, Kelanemer R, Hammaz Z, Geysen D. Bovine piroplasmosis-anaplasmosis and clinical signs of tropical theileriosis in the plains of Djurdjura (north Algeria). Vet Med Sci 2020; 6:720-729. [PMID: 32558239 PMCID: PMC7738714 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The study was conducted during tick activity season over a period of 5 years in the Djurdjura Plains, Algeria. A total of 299 cattle (Holstein, Montbeliard, Fleckvieh and crossbred animals) with clinical signs were included in this study. A total of 171 animals were found positive for at least one pathogen by Giemsa-stained blood smears examination Theileria annulata (136/299, 45.5%), Babesia bovis (14/299, 4.7%), B. bigemina (3/299, 1.0%) and Anaplasma marginale (12/299, 4.0%) were identified. Six animals were co-infected by T. annulata and A. marginale. Although no ticks were collected from diseased animals, clinical signs in cattle were hyperthermia (120/136, 88.3%), gluttony followed by anorexia (113/136, 83.1%), lymph node enlargement (99/136, 72.8%), anaemia (82/136, 60.3%), icterus (58/136, 42.6%) and haemoglobinuria (36/136, 26.5%). Gluttony followed by anorexia was considered highly suggestive of an incubation of tropical theileriosis as shown by a higher receptivity index (IR = 0.89-1). This clinical sign is evident in young Montbeliard and young Holstein males with anaemia (IR = 1) and icterus (IR = 0.78-0.81) which is earlier than haemoglobinuria (IR = 0.51-0.54). The incidence of T. annulata was maximum in July (n = 57), as well as B. bovis (n = 6) and A. marginale (n = 13). These results highlight the preponderance of tropical theileriosis in north-central Algeria, where gluttony followed by anorexia is probably a prodromal symptom during the incubation period of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hocine Ziam
- Institue of veterinary Sciences, Saad Dahlab University, Blida 1, Ouled Yaich, 9015, Blida, Algeria.,Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment and Health, Saad Dahlab University, Blida, 9015, Algeria.,Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nationalestraat 155, Antwerp, 2000, Belgium
| | - Tahar Kernif
- Laboratory of Parasitic Eco-epidemiology and Population Genetics, Pasteur Institute of Algeria, Algiers, Dely-Brahim, Algeria
| | - Khelaf Saidani
- Institue of veterinary Sciences, Saad Dahlab University, Blida 1, Ouled Yaich, 9015, Blida, Algeria
| | - Rabah Kelanemer
- Institue of veterinary Sciences, Saad Dahlab University, Blida 1, Ouled Yaich, 9015, Blida, Algeria
| | - Zoheir Hammaz
- High School of Food Sciences and Food Industry, Oued Smar, Algiers, 16270, Algeria
| | - Dirk Geysen
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nationalestraat 155, Antwerp, 2000, Belgium
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Akveran GA, Karasartova D, Keskin A, Comba A, Celebi B, Mumcuoglu KY, Taylan-Ozkan A. Bacterial and protozoan agents found in Hyalomma aegyptium (L., 1758) (Ixodida: Ixodidae) collected from Testudo graeca L., 1758 (Reptilia: Testudines) in Corum Province of Turkey. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2020; 11:101458. [PMID: 32389537 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2020.101458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Hyalomma aegyptium (L., 1758) (Ixodida: Ixodidae) is a hard tick and the main host for adults are Palearctic tortoises of the genus Testudo, while larvae and nymphs are less host-specific and nymphs also attach to humans. In the present study, a total of 261 H. aegyptium ticks were removed from 26 Testudo graeca L., 1758 in Corum Province of Turkey. The most prevalent pathogens identified molecularly in the ticks were Hemolivia mauritanica (51.9 %), followed by Rickettsia aeschlimannii (32.6 %), Ehrlichia spp. (30.2 %), and Bartonella bovis (0.8 %). All samples were negative for Coxiella burnetii, Francisella tularensis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Babesia spp., Hepatozoon spp. and Theileria spp. Overall, 97.4 % of the examined adult ticks and 26.3 % of nymphs were infected with at least one pathogen, while 40.9 % of all ticks were infected with only one pathogen, 27.4 % with two pathogens, and 9.9 % with three pathogens, concomitantly. Overall, 80.8 % of the examined blood smears of tortoises were H. mauritanica-positive, and the mean intensity of parasitemia was 4.8 % (1-21). As a conclusion, since the examined tortoises were sampled in gardens and vineyards close to human habitation, and as a relatively large percentage of them were infested with ticks carrying pathogenic agents affecting also humans, the importance of tortoises, their ticks and pathogens in terms of the public health should be farther examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonul Arslan Akveran
- Department of Food Processing, Alaca Avni Celik Vocational School, Hitit University, Corum, Turkey.
| | | | - Adem Keskin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Arzu Comba
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Alaca Avni Celik Vocational School, Hitit University, Corum, Turkey
| | - Bekir Celebi
- National High Risk Pathogens Reference Laboratory, Public Health Institution of Turkey, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kosta Y Mumcuoglu
- Parasitology Unit, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Aysegul Taylan-Ozkan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Hitit University, Corum, Turkey; Department of Medical and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Selim AM, Das M, Senapati SK, Jena GR, Mishra C, Mohanty B, Panda SK, Patra RC. Molecular epidemiology, risk factors and hematological evaluation of asymptomatic Theileria annulata infected cattle in Odisha, India. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH 2020; 21:250-256. [PMID: 33584836 PMCID: PMC7871743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Theileria annulata is a tick-borne apicomplexan parasite that affects bovine and causes severe economic losses. Aims: Our study aimed to determine the molecular prevalence of T. annulata infection in asymptomatic carrier cattle in Odisha, India, to study the association of potential risk factors with theileriosis, and to investigate the effect of the parasite infection on hematological parameters in naturally affected animals. METHODS A total of 226 cattle blood samples were collected from seven districts of Odisha, India. Molecular diagnoses of tropical theileriosis by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), cloning, sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis of isolated parasites were performed. Potential risk factors were investigated by univariable and multivariable logistic regression statistical analysis. Hematological parameters were compared between positive and negative animals. RESULTS All animals included in our study were clinically normal, however, 54.86% (124/226) of examined animals were positive by PCR for T. annulata. The multivariable logistic regression showed that contact with other cattle from different herds during grazing (P<0.0001; OR: 12.75; 95% CI: 5.21-31.21), previous history of clinical signs (P=0.002; OR: 3.31; 95% CI: 1.53-6.31), and frequency of a ectoparasiticides application pre year (P<0.0001; OR: 9.22; 95% CI: 3.03-28.09) were the potential risk factors for the occurrence of tropical theileriosis. Nucleotide sequence identity data demonstrated that T. annulata strain (MN818858) Odisha shared homology of 99.6%, 99.49%, and 99.36% with Uttar Pradesh, India (MF346035), Bahrain (AF214797), and Hyderabad, India (MK034702), respectively. CONCLUSION This is the first study to gain insight into the molecular epidemiology, risk factors, phylogeny, and hematological analysis of asymptomatic T. annulata infected cattle from India.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. M. Selim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt, and Resident of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneshwar 751003, Odisha, India
| | - M. Das
- Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneshwar 751003, Odisha, India
| | - S. K. Senapati
- Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneshwar 751003, Odisha, India
| | - G. R. Jena
- Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneshwar 751003, Odisha, India
| | - C. Mishra
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneshwar 751003, Odisha, India
| | - B. Mohanty
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneshwar 751003, Odisha, India
| | - S. K. Panda
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneshwar 751003, Odisha, India
| | - R. C. Patra
- Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneshwar 751003, Odisha, India
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First description of the male and subgravid female of Philometra serranellicabrillae Janiszewska, 1949 (Nematoda: Philometridae), a gonad-infecting parasite of the comber Serranus cabrilla (Linnaeus) (Serranidae) off Tunisia. Syst Parasitol 2019; 96:673-679. [DOI: 10.1007/s11230-019-09879-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Abnormal Development of Hyalomma Marginatum Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) Induced by Plant Cytotoxic Substances. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11080445. [PMID: 31357471 PMCID: PMC6723890 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11080445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing application of toxic plant substances to deter and fight ticks proves the need for investigations focused on the elucidation of their impact on the developmental stages and populations of these arthropods. We examined the course of embryogenesis and egg hatch in Hyalomma marginatum ticks under the effect of cytotoxic plant substances. The investigations demonstrated that the length of embryonic development of egg batches treated with 20 μL of a 0.1875% colchicine solution did not differ significantly from that in the control group. Colchicine caused the high mortality of eggs (16.3%) and embryos (9.7%), disturbances in larval hatch (8.1%), and lower numbers of normal larval hatches (65.6%). In 0.2% of the larvae, colchicine induced anomalies in the idiosoma (67.6%) and gnathosoma (22.5%) as well as composite anomalies (8.5%). The study demonstrates that cytotoxic compounds with an effect similar to that of colchicine can reduce tick populations and cause teratological changes, which were observed in the specimens found during field studies. Since there are no data on the toxic effects of active plant substances on other organisms and the risk of development of tick resistance, a strategy for the use of such compounds in tick control and the management of plant products should be developed.
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Belkahia H, Ben Said M, Ghribi R, Selmi R, Ben Asker A, Yahiaoui M, Bousrih M, Daaloul-Jedidi M, Messadi L. Molecular detection, genotyping and phylogeny of Anaplasma spp. in Rhipicephalus ticks from Tunisia. Acta Trop 2019; 191:38-49. [PMID: 30582922 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In Tunisia, most of Anaplasma species and unclassified strains have been detected in several animals, but data on the occurrence of Anaplasma spp. in ticks are still lacking. In this study, we report the molecular evidence, genetic characterization and phylogeny of Anaplasma spp. in ticks collected from small ruminants. A total of 395 ticks (178 males and 179 females) were collected from sheep (n = 215) and goats (n = 180). Tick species were identified as 232 Rhipicephalus turanicus, 99 Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato, 34 Rhipicephalus bursa and 30 Rhipicephalus annulatus. Overall infection rate of Anaplasma spp. was 5.6% (20/357 analyzed ticks). All positive ticks were collected from goats and found to be infected by A. ovis. R. turanicus is the most infected tick species by A. ovis (7.9%) followed by R. sanguineus s.l. (2.5%) with an absence of infection in R. bursa and R. annulatus. A. ovis prevalence rate varied significantly according to bioclimatic areas and geographic regions. GroEL typing and phylogenetic analysis revealed that these analyzed ticks are infected with various and novel strains of A. ovis. The use of PCR-RFLP method complemented with sequencing and phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene confirm that one R. turanicus tick, positive to A. ovis, is co-infected with A. phagocytophilum-like 2 (0.3%). Specific A. phagocytophilum, A. phagocytophilum-like 1, A. marginale, A. centrale, A. bovis, and A. platys and related strains were not detected in any of the tested ticks. Present data expand knowledge about tick-borne bacteria present in ticks and further clarify the transmission cycles of these bacteria and their different elements in Tunisia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanène Belkahia
- Service de Microbiologie et Immunologie, Ecole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire, Univ. Manouba, 2020, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Mourad Ben Said
- Service de Microbiologie et Immunologie, Ecole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire, Univ. Manouba, 2020, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Raoua Ghribi
- Service de Microbiologie et Immunologie, Ecole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire, Univ. Manouba, 2020, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Rachid Selmi
- Service de Microbiologie et Immunologie, Ecole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire, Univ. Manouba, 2020, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Alaa Ben Asker
- Service de Microbiologie et Immunologie, Ecole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire, Univ. Manouba, 2020, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Mouna Yahiaoui
- Service de Microbiologie et Immunologie, Ecole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire, Univ. Manouba, 2020, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Maha Bousrih
- Service de Microbiologie et Immunologie, Ecole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire, Univ. Manouba, 2020, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Monia Daaloul-Jedidi
- Service de Microbiologie et Immunologie, Ecole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire, Univ. Manouba, 2020, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Lilia Messadi
- Service de Microbiologie et Immunologie, Ecole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire, Univ. Manouba, 2020, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia.
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Sajid M, Kausar A, Iqbal A, Abbas H, Iqbal Z, Jones M. An insight into the ecobiology, vector significance and control of Hyalomma ticks (Acari: Ixodidae): A review. Acta Trop 2018; 187:229-239. [PMID: 30118698 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Ticks (Acari:Ixodoidea) are important ectoparasites infesting livestock and human populations around the globe. Ticks can cause damage directly by affecting the site of infestation, or indirectly as vectors of a wide range of protozoa, bacteria and viruses which ultimately lead to lowered productivity of livestock populations. Hyalomma is a genus of hard ticks, having more than 30 species well-adapted to hot, humid and cold climates. Habitat diversity, vector ability, and emerging problem of acaricidal resistance in enzootic regions typify this genus in various countries around the world. This paper reviews the epidemiology, associated risk factors (temperature, climate, age, sex, breed etc.), vector role, vector-pathogen association, and reported control strategies of genus Hyalomma. The various proteins in saliva of Hyalomma secreted into the blood stream of host and the prolonged attachment are responsible for the successful engorgement of female ticks in spite of host immune defense system. The various immunological approaches that have been tried by researchers in order to cause tick rejection are also discussed. In addition, the novel biological control approaches involving the use of entomo-pathogenic nematodes and Bacillus thuringiensis (B. thuringiensis) serovar thuringiensis H14; an endotoxin, for their acaricidal effect on different species and life cycle stages of Hyalomma are also presented.
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Sensitivity of Different Cattle Breeds to the Infestation of Cattle Ticks Amblyomma variegatum, Rhipicephalus microplus, and Hyalomma spp. on the Natural Pastures of Opkara Farm, Benin. J Parasitol Res 2018; 2018:2570940. [PMID: 29770229 PMCID: PMC5889886 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2570940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A study was carried out on the Opkara (Benin) cattle farm on 64 cattle of four different breeds (16 individuals per breed) from June to December 2016. During this study, three tick species were found in different numbers, Amblyomma variegatum (732), Rhipicephalus microplus (8079), and Hyalomma spp. (208), with parasitic intensity of 11.90, 126.23, and 3.25, respectively. The interracial comparison of the tick infestation between the cattle showed a significant difference (P < 0.001). However, Girolando was more infested than all the cattle breeds. Infestation of A. variegatum, R. microplus, and Hyalomma spp. on the Girolando was, respectively, 19.43 ± 2.71, 171.25 ± 23.50, and 7.12 ± 0.63, but the Borgou were less infested. Borgou breed females were more infested by A. variegatum (4.41 ± 1.14) than females Girolando (4.20 ± 0.90). The Crossbred and Azawak females were less infested (P < 0.01). The mean of A. variegatum on Borgou, Azawak, Crossbred, and Girolando calves was 1.29 ± 0.35, 0.66 ± 0.26, 1.37 ± 0.37, and 2.25 ± 0.48 (P < 0.01), respectively. The results of this study can be exploited to include genetic and nongenetic approaches to tick control.
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Ben Said M, Belkahia H, Messadi L. Anaplasma spp. in North Africa: A review on molecular epidemiology, associated risk factors and genetic characteristics. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2018; 9:543-555. [PMID: 29398602 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The genus Anaplasma belonging to the Anaplasmataceae family (order Rickettsiales) comprises obligate intracellular Gram-negative bacteria of veterinary and public health importance. Six species and five types of strains genetically related are currently assigned to the genus Anaplasma including Anaplasma marginale, A. centrale, A. bovis, A. phagocytophilum, A. ovis and A. platys as classified species, and "A. capra", A. odocolei sp. nov., A. phagocytophilum-like 1 (Anaplasma sp.-Japan), A. phagocytophilum-like 2 (Anaplasma sp.-China) and A. platys-like (also named Candidatus Anaplasma camelii) as unclassified strains. Most of these Anaplasma species and strains have been molecularly identified in several animal and/or tick species in the north of Africa. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge about molecular epidemiology, associated risk factors and genetic diversity of Anaplasma species and related strains infecting animals and/or their incriminated tick vectors in North Africa. All these data should be considered when establishing of common management and control programs for anaplasmosis infecting humans and different animal species in North African countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mourad Ben Said
- Service de Microbiologie et d'Immunologie, Ecole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de La Manouba, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia.
| | - Hanène Belkahia
- Service de Microbiologie et d'Immunologie, Ecole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de La Manouba, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Lilia Messadi
- Service de Microbiologie et d'Immunologie, Ecole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de La Manouba, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
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Ait Lbacha H, Zouagui Z, Alali S, Rhalem A, Petit E, Ducrotoy MJ, Boulouis HJ, Maillard R. "Candidatus anaplasma camelii" in one-humped camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Morocco: a novel and emerging anaplasma species? Infect Dis Poverty 2017; 6:1. [PMID: 28160773 PMCID: PMC5292149 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-016-0216-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There has been a growing interest in camel anaplasmosis due to its recent emergence in this reservoir species and concerns for its zoonotic potential. The epidemiology of anaplasmosis in camels therefore remains poorly understood mostly because camels belong to marginalised poor and often transhumant populations whose interests are largely neglected. Most studies of anaplasmosis in camels have relied on microscopy and serology for diagnosis and only three studies, undertaken in Tunisia, Saudia Arabia and China, have used molecular diagnostics. The present work characterises Anaplasmataceae strains circulating in the Camelus dromedarius reservoir in Morocco using PCR. Methods Camels (n = 106) were randomly sampled from 6 regions representing different agro-ecological areas in southern Morocco. Whole blood was collected and screened using PCR methods targeting the gene groEL. Anaplasmataceae strains were characterised by sequence analysis of the gene groEL. Results A total of 39.62% (42/106) camels screened were positive for Anaplasmataceae spp. GenBank BLAST analysis of five positive sequenced samples revealed that all strains were 100% identical to “Candidatus Anaplasma camelii”. Phylogenetic investigation and genetic characterisation of the aligned segment (650 bp) of the gene groEL confirmed high similarity with A. platys. Conclusion This study demonstrates the circulation of a previously unidentified species of the genus Anaplasma in Morocco which is genetically close to the agent causing canine anaplasmosis but whose main reservoir is thought to be Camelus dromedarius. Trial registration number This study is not a clinical trial and therefore a trial registration number does not apply. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40249-016-0216-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hicham Ait Lbacha
- Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, Rabat, Morocco. .,Département de médecine, chirurgie et reproduction, Madinat Al Irfane, Rabat Instituts, IAV Hassan II, BP 6202, Rabat, 10101, Morocco.
| | - Zaid Zouagui
- Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Said Alali
- Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, Rabat, Morocco
| | | | | | - Marie Julie Ducrotoy
- Division of Infection and Pathway Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Ceva Santé Animale, Libourne, France
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Grech-Angelini S, Stachurski F, Lancelot R, Boissier J, Allienne JF, Marco S, Maestrini O, Uilenberg G. Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) infesting cattle and some other domestic and wild hosts on the French Mediterranean island of Corsica. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:582. [PMID: 27842608 PMCID: PMC5109666 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1876-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Corsica is a mountainous French island in the north-western Mediterranean presenting a large diversity of natural environments where many interactions between domestic animals and wild fauna occur. Despite a favourable context for ticks and tick-borne diseases (TBDs), the tick fauna of Corsica has not systematically been investigated. Methods For one year (May 2014-May 2015), a survey of ticks infesting cattle was performed in the three Corsican cattle slaughterhouses. Two of these were visited monthly and one quarterly; the ticks were manually collected, just after flaying. Ticks were identified on their morphology; when necessary, some specimens were also molecularly identified by sequencing mitochondrial cox1 (cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1) and 16S ribosomal RNA genes and ITS2 (internal transcribed spacer 2). During the same period, ticks from other domestic animals (small ruminants, horses, domestic carnivores) and wild animals (wild boars, mouflons, deer) were occasionally collected. Results A total of 1,938 ticks was collected from 264 of 418 cattle examined, reared in 86 different localities. Eight tick species were found infesting cattle: Rhipicephalus bursa (56.1 %), Hyalomma marginatum (21.5 %), Hy. scupense (8.7 %), Ixodes ricinus (5.7 %), Haemaphysalis punctata (4.8 %), Rh. sanguineus (sensu lato) (2.3 %), Rh. (Boophilus) annulatus (0.7 %) and Dermacentor marginatus (0.2 %). The cattle infestation rate remained high all year (more than 50 %). Several tick species showed seasonal variation of their activity. From other Corsican animals 1,196 ticks were collected. Comparing ticks collected from cattle with those found on other animals, several host preferences were shown. A noteworthy record is that of a few Ha. sulcata on mouflons which were mainly infested by Rh. bursa. Conclusion The Corsican tick fauna is characterized by typical Mediterranean species (Rh. bursa and Hy. marginatum), but the mild climate and diversified environment provide satisfactory habitats both for species usually found in dry areas (Hy. scupense) and species usually collected in humid areas (I. ricinus).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Grech-Angelini
- INRA, UR045 Laboratoire de recherches sur le développement de l'élevage, 20250, Corte, France. .,Corsican Health Research (CHR), 20111, Calcatoggio, France.
| | - Frédéric Stachurski
- CIRAD, UMR CMAEE, 34398, Montpellier, France.,INRA, UMR 1309 CMAEE, 34398, Montpellier, France
| | - Renaud Lancelot
- CIRAD, UMR CMAEE, 34398, Montpellier, France.,INRA, UMR 1309 CMAEE, 34398, Montpellier, France
| | - Jérôme Boissier
- Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, IHPE UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, Université de Montpellier, F-66860, Perpignan, France
| | - Jean-François Allienne
- Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, IHPE UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, Université de Montpellier, F-66860, Perpignan, France
| | | | - Oscar Maestrini
- INRA, UR045 Laboratoire de recherches sur le développement de l'élevage, 20250, Corte, France
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Ayadi O, Gharbi M, Benchikh Elfegoun MC. Milk losses due to bovine tropical theileriosis (Theileria annulata infection) in Algeria. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2016.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Molecular prevalence and genetic characterization of piroplasms in dogs from Tunisia. Parasitology 2016; 143:1622-8. [DOI: 10.1017/s003118201600113x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARYIn this study, the prevalence of piroplasms in dogs was assessed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to identifyBabesiaandTheileriaspecies in 200 dogs from Northern and Central Tunisia between spring and autumn 2014. The overall molecular prevalence for piroplasms was 14·5% ± 0·05 (29/200); PCR detected 2 species, namelyBabesia vogeliandTheileria annulatawith an overall prevalence of 12·5 ± 0·04 and 2% ± 0·02, respectively. No differences in the molecular prevalences ofB. vogeliwere revealed for age and sex (P> 0·05). The molecular prevalence ofB. vogeliwas significantly higher in central Tunisia (26·5% ± 0·01) compared with the North (9·6% ± 0·04) (P< 0·05). More working and companion dogs were infected byB. vogeli(25·8 ± 0·15 and 21·1% ± 0·13, respectively) in comparison with guarding dogs (1·8% ± 0·03) (P< 0·05). ConcerningT. annulata,no significant variation was observed for all studied risk factors (P> 0·05). Comparison of the partial sequences of18S rRNAandTams 1genes confirmed the presence of 2 novelB. vogeliandT. annulatagenotypes. This is the first molecular detection ofT. annulataand genetic characterization of dogs’ piroplasms in Tunisia. Further studies are needed to better assess the epidemiological feature of piroplasms infection in North Africa.
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First report of the tick Hyalomma scupense (natural vector of bovine tropical theileriosis) on the French Mediterranean island of Corsica. Vet Parasitol 2016; 216:33-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Gharbi M, Rekik B, Mabrouk M, Hassni M, Zroud W, Mhadhbi M, Sassi L, Jedidi M, Darghouth MA. Impact of the carrier state by Theileria annulata on milk yield in Tunisian crossbred (Bos taurus) cattle. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(15)60950-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Control of tropical theileriosis (Theileria annulata infection in cattle) in North Africa. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(15)60825-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Infestation of the spur-thighed tortoise (Testudo graeca) by Hyalomma aegyptium in Tunisia. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2015; 6:352-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2015.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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