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Ramlal A, Nautiyal A, Kumar J, Mishra V, Sogan N, Nasser B. Singab A. Botanicals against some important nematodal diseases: Ascariasis and hookworm infections. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103814. [PMID: 37841664 PMCID: PMC10570706 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Ascariasis and intestinal parasitic nematodes are the leading cause of mass mortality infecting many people across the globe. In light of the various deleterious side effects of modern chemical-based allopathic drugs, our preferences have currently shifted towards the use of traditional plant-based drugs or botanicals for treating diseases. The defensive propensities in the botanicals against parasites have probably evolved during their co-habitation with parasites, humans and plants in nature and hence their combative interference in one another's defensive mechanisms has occurred naturally ultimately being very effective in treating diseases. This article broadly outlines the utility of plant-based compounds or botanicals prepared from various medicinal herbs that have the potential to be developed as effective therapies against the important parasites causing ascariasis and intestinal hookworm infections leading to ascariasis & infections and thereby human mortality, wherein allopathic treatments are less effective and causes enormous side-effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayyagari Ramlal
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), Pusa Campus, New Delhi, Delhi, India 110012
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Georgetown, Penang, Malaysia 11800
| | - Aparna Nautiyal
- Department of Botany, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India 110019
| | - Jitendra Kumar
- Bangalore Bioinnovation Centre, Life Sciences Park, Electronics City Phase 1, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India 560100
- Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council (BIRAC), First Floor, MTNL Building, 9 Lodhi Road, CGO Complex, Pragati Vihar, New Delhi, Delhi, India 110003
| | - Vachaspati Mishra
- Department of Botany, Deen Dayal Upadhyay College, University of Delhi, Dwarka, Delhi, India 110078
| | - Nisha Sogan
- Department of Botany, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India 110019
| | - Abdel Nasser B. Singab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt 11156
- Centre of Drug Discovery Research and Development, Ain Shams University, Abbasia, Cairo, Egypt
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Matté EHC, Luciano FB, Evangelista AG. Essential oils and essential oil compounds in animal production as antimicrobials and anthelmintics: an updated review. Anim Health Res Rev 2023; 24:1-11. [PMID: 37401263 DOI: 10.1017/s1466252322000093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Several countries have shown an increased prevalence of drug resistance in animal production due to the indiscriminate use of antibiotics and antiparasitics in human and veterinary medicine. This article aims to review existing methods using naturally occurring essential oils (EOs) and their isolated compounds (EOCs) as alternatives to antimicrobials and antiparasitic compounds in animal production and, consequently, to avoid resistance. The most-reported mechanism of action of EOs and EOCs was cell membrane damage, which leads to the leakage of cytoplasmic content, increased membrane permeability, inhibition of metabolic and genetic pathways, morphologic changes, antibiofilm effects, and damage to the genetic material of infections. In parasites, anticoccidial effects, reduced motility, growth inhibition, and morphologic changes have been reported. Although these compounds regularly show a similar effect to those promoted by traditional drugs, the elucidation of their mechanisms of action is still scarce. The use of EOs and EOCs can also positively influence crucial parameters in animal production, such as body weight gain, feed conversion rate, and cholesterol reduction, which also positively impact meat quality. The application of EOs and EOCs is enhanced by their association with other natural compounds or even by the association with synthetic chemicals, which has been found to cause synergism in their antimicrobial effect. By reducing the effective therapeutical/prophylactic dose, the chances of off-flavors – the most common issue in EO and EOC application – is greatly mitigated. However, there is very little work on the combination of EOs and EOCs in large in vivo studies. In addition, research must apply the correct methodology to properly understand the observed effects; for example, the use of only high concentrations may mask potential results obtained at lower dosages. Such corrections will also allow the elucidation of finer mechanisms and promote better biotechnologic use of EOs and EOCs. This manuscript presents several information gaps to be filled before the use of EOs and EOCs are fully applicable in animal production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Henrique Custódio Matté
- Undergraduate Program in Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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Imran IB, Engström MT, Karonen M, Williams AR, Salminen JP. Alkaline oxidization can increase the in vitro antiparasitic activity of proanthocyanidin-rich plant extracts against Ascarissuum. Exp Parasitol 2023; 248:108493. [PMID: 36889503 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2023.108493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins (PAs) are a class of plant specialized metabolites with well-documented bioactivities such as antiparasitic effects. However, little is known about how the modification of PAs influences their bioactivity. The objective of this study was to investigate a wide range of PA-containing plant samples to determine if extracts containing PAs modified by oxidation had altered antiparasitic activities, compared to the original extracts that had not been modified in alkaline conditions. We extracted and analyzed samples from 61 proanthocyanidin-rich plants. The extracts were then oxidized under alkaline conditions. We used these non-oxidized and oxidized proanthocyanidin-rich extracts to conduct a detailed analysis of direct antiparasitic effects against the intestinal parasite Ascaris suum in vitro. These tests showed that the proanthocyanidin-rich extracts had antiparasitic activity. Modification of these extracts significantly increased the antiparasitic activity for the majority the extracts, suggesting that the oxidation procedure enhanced the bioactivity of the samples. Some samples that showed no antiparasitic activity before oxidation showed very high activity after the oxidation. High levels of other polyphenols in the extracts, such as flavonoids, was found to be associated with increased antiparasitic activity following oxidation. Thus, our in vitro screening opens up the opportunity for future research to better understand the mechanism of action how alkaline treatment of PA-rich plant extracts increases their biological activity and potential as novel anthelmintics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqbal Bin Imran
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland; Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Marica T Engström
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Maarit Karonen
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Andrew R Williams
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Juha-Pekka Salminen
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
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Benlarbi F, Mimoune N, Chaachouay N, Souttou K, Saidi R, Mokhtar MR, Kaidi R, Benaissa MH. Ethnobotanical survey of the traditional antiparasitic use of medicinal plants in humans and animals in Laghouat (Southern Algeria). Vet World 2023; 16:357-368. [PMID: 37041995 PMCID: PMC10082715 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.357-368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: An ethnobotanical survey was carried out among the inhabitants of the Aflou region of Laghouat (Southern Algeria). This study was considered as a first step toward the identification of new bioactive antiparasitic molecules. The preservation and documentation of this traditional knowledge will ensure its continuity and transmission from one generation to another, especially because of the emergence of resistant parasites and the lack of references caused by the lack of work in this area; therefore, we intended to inventory and collect the maximum amount of information on medicinal plants that are traditionally used by the local population as antiparasitic in humans and animals (small ruminants, cattle, and livestock).
Materials and Methods: The information was collected using open interviews; the ethnobotanical survey was carried out in the area mentioned above from April to July 2021 using a semi-structured questionnaire and a global sample of 200 respondents. The data were analyzed using the System Package for the Social Sciences software and Microsoft Excel 2010 using the following quantitative indices: Relative frequency of citation (RFC), family importance value (FIV), fidelity level, and informant consensus factor (ICF).
Results: The investigation uncovered the antiparasitic use of 58 plant species belonging to 30 families. The family Asteraceae had the highest FIV (FIV = 0.23). The pathology with the highest degree of agreement among the informants was genitourinary parasitosis (ICF = 0.930). The species that was most commonly cited by the local population was Artemisia herba-alba Asso (RFC = 1), and the foliage was the most commonly used part (46.4%). Infusion (38.8%) was the most-used preparation for remedies.
Conclusion: This investigation revealed a rich ethnopharmacological knowledge in southern Algeria; therefore, the data gathered in this survey may be utilized to create novel antiparasitic compounds with activity in humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fathia Benlarbi
- Laboratory for Exploration and Valorization of Steppe Ecosystems (EVES), Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, University of Djelfa, Moudjbara Road, BP 3117, Djelfa, Algeria
| | - Nora Mimoune
- Department of Clinics, Animal Health and Production Laboratory, Higher National Veterinary School, Algiers, 16000, Algeria
| | - Noureddine Chaachouay
- Agri-Food and Health Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Settat, Hassan FIRST University, Po. Box. 382, 26000 Settat, Morocco
| | - Karim Souttou
- Laboratory for Exploration and Valorization of Steppe Ecosystems (EVES), Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, University of Djelfa, Moudjbara Road, BP 3117, Djelfa, Algeria
| | - Radhwane Saidi
- Laboratory of Biological and Agronomic Sciences, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Sciences, Laghouat University, Laghouat, Algeria
| | - Mohamed Rahmani Mokhtar
- Laboratory of Biological and Agronomic Sciences, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Sciences, Laghouat University, Laghouat, Algeria
| | - Rachid Kaidi
- Institute of Veterinary Sciences, LBRA, University of Blida 1, PB 270, Soumaa, Blida, 09000, Algeria
| | - Mohammed Hocine Benaissa
- Scientific and Technical Research Centre for Arid Areas (CRSTRA), Biophysical Station, PB 30240, Nezla, Touggourt, Algeria
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Ahmed H, Kilinc SG, Celik F, Kesik HK, Simsek S, Ahmad KS, Afzal MS, Farrakh S, Safdar W, Pervaiz F, Liaqat S, Zhang J, Cao J. An Inventory of Anthelmintic Plants across the Globe. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12010131. [PMID: 36678480 PMCID: PMC9866317 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12010131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A wide range of novelties and significant developments in the field of veterinary science to treat helminth parasites by using natural plant products have been assessed in recent years. To the best of our knowledge, to date, there has not been such a comprehensive review of 19 years of articles on the anthelmintic potential of plants against various types of helminths in different parts of the world. Therefore, the present study reviews the available information on a large number of medicinal plants and their pharmacological effects, which may facilitate the development of an effective management strategy against helminth parasites. An electronic search in four major databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) was performed for articles published between January 2003 and April 2022. Information about plant species, local name, family, distribution, plant tissue used, and target parasite species was tabulated. All relevant studies meeting the inclusion criteria were assessed, and 118 research articles were included. In total, 259 plant species were reviewed as a potential source of anthelmintic drugs. These plants can be used as a source of natural drugs to treat helminth infections in animals, and their use would potentially reduce economic losses and improve livestock production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haroon Ahmed
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Park Road, Chakh Shazad, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | - Seyma Gunyakti Kilinc
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bingol University, Bingol 12000, Turkey
| | - Figen Celik
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Firat, Elazig 23119, Turkey
| | - Harun Kaya Kesik
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bingol University, Bingol 12000, Turkey
| | - Sami Simsek
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Firat, Elazig 23119, Turkey
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (J.C.)
| | - Khawaja Shafique Ahmad
- Department of Botany, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir 12350, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sohail Afzal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Management & Technology (UMT), Lahore 54770, Pakistan
| | - Sumaira Farrakh
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Park Road, Chakh Shazad, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | - Waseem Safdar
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan
| | - Fahad Pervaiz
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Park Road, Chakh Shazad, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Liaqat
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Park Road, Chakh Shazad, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | - Jing Zhang
- The School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jianping Cao
- The School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200240, China
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), Shanghai 200025, China
- Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Shanghai 200025, China
- World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (J.C.)
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Anthelmintic Agents from African Medicinal Plants: Review and Prospects. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:8023866. [PMID: 36624864 PMCID: PMC9825222 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8023866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Soil-transmitted helminthiasis affects more than 1.5 billion people globally and largely remains a sanitary problem in Africa. These infections place a huge economic burden on poor countries and affect livestock production, causing substantial economic losses and poor animal health. The emergence of anthelmintic resistance, especially in livestock, and the potential for its widespread in humans create a need for the development of alternative therapies. Medicinal plants play a significant role in the management of parasitic diseases in humans and livestock, especially in Africa. This report reviews anthelmintic studies that have been conducted on medicinal plants growing in Africa and published within the past two decades. A search was made in various electronic databases, and only full articles in English were included in the review. Reports show that aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts and polar fractions obtained from these crude extracts form the predominant (80%) form of the extracts studied. Medicinal plants, extracts, and compounds with different chemical groups have been studied for their anthelmintic potential. Polyphenols and terpenoids are the most reported groups. More than 64% of the studies employed in vitro assays against parasitic and nonparasitic nematode models. Egg hatch inhibition, larval migration inhibition, and paralysis are the common parameters assessed in vitro. About 72% of in vivo models involved small ruminants, 15% rodents, and 5% chicken. Egg and worm burden are the main factors assessed in vivo. There were no reports on interventions in humans cited within the period under consideration. Also, few reports have investigated the potential of combining plant extracts with common anthelmintic drugs. This review reveals the huge potential of African medicinal plants as sources of anthelmintic agents and the dire need for in-depth clinical studies of extracts, fractions, and compounds from African plants as anthelmintic agents in livestock, companion animals, and humans.
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Abouhosseini Tabari M, Jafari AH, Maggi F, Mazzara E, Youssefi MR, Moghaddas E, Yazdani Rostam MM, Rezaei F. Scolicidal activity of some medicinal plant essential oils on Echinococcus granulosus protoscolices. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2022.2103595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Amir Hossein Jafari
- Young Research Club and Elite, Babol Branch, Islamic Azad University, Babol, Iran
| | - Filippo Maggi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | | | - Mohammad Reza Youssefi
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Babol Branch, Islamic Azad University, Babol, Iran
| | - Elham Moghaddas
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Rezaei
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Babol Branch, Islamic Azad University, Babol, Iran
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Musa A, Aminah NS, Davies-Bolorunduro OF, Kristanti AN, Suhaili, Islami AI, Wai TS, Naing TTSP. Antimicrobial activities of the extracts and secondary metabolites from Clausena genus – A review. OPEN CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2022-0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Antimicrobial drug resistance has become a global challenge and one of utmost concern due to the global epidemiological infections. Medicinal plants have long performed an essential role in medicine and can be an essential source of recent antimicrobials and techniques for treating resistance. Clausena is a genus in the Rutaceae family which are widely recognized and utilized in traditional medicines. Many members of this genus have been a primary source of medications and drug history. The antimicrobial effectiveness of the secondary metabolites from the roots, stems, leaves, rhizomes, twigs, seeds, fruits, and flowers of several Clausena species has been widely examined and was found to be more effective against bacteria with Clausena anisata being the most promising specie. A total of 16 active compounds including 12 alkaloids, 2 coumarins, and 2 terpenoids were reported to be isolated from different parts of the plant species with mukonal being the only compound that shows dual potency both against fungi and protozoa. This review aims to sum up research advances made from 2000 to date, on the antibacterial, antifungal, and antiprotozoal activities of Clausena species, and highlight the potential use of Clausena plants in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullahi Musa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga , Surabaya , Indonesia
| | - Nanik Siti Aminah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga , Surabaya , Indonesia
- Biotechnology of Tropical Medicinal Plants Research Group, Universitas Airlangga , Surabaya , Indonesia
| | - Olabisi Flora Davies-Bolorunduro
- Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba , Lagos , Nigeria
- Postdoc Fellow Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga , Surabaya , Indonesia
| | - Alfinda Novi Kristanti
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga , Surabaya , Indonesia
- Biotechnology of Tropical Medicinal Plants Research Group, Universitas Airlangga , Surabaya , Indonesia
| | - Suhaili
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga , Surabaya , Indonesia
| | - Amalina Izzatul Islami
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga , Surabaya , Indonesia
| | - Theint Su Wai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga , Surabaya , Indonesia
| | - Thae Thae Su Pyae Naing
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga , Surabaya , Indonesia
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Poulopoulou I, Horgan MJ, Siewert B, Siller M, Palmieri L, Martinidou E, Martens S, Fusani P, Temml V, Stuppner H, Gauly M. In vitro evaluation of the effects of methanolic plant extracts on the embryonation rate of Ascaridia galli eggs. Vet Res Commun 2022; 47:409-419. [PMID: 35727416 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-022-09958-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study aims to find efficient alternatives to synthetic anthelmintics among ethno-veterinary herbs. Ascaridia galli eggs isolated from the worm uterus were exposed in vitro to methanolic extracts (ME) of nine plant species such as Achillea millefolium (AM), Artemisia absinthium (AA), Artemisia vulgaris (AV), Cicerbita alpina (CA), Cichorium intybus (CI), Inula helenium (IH), Origanum vulgare (OV), Tanacetum vulgare (TV), Tanacetum parthenium (TP). Flubendazole (FL), 0.5% formalin with dimethylsulfoxide and Petri dishes without the addition of reagents were used as positive, negative and untreated control respectively. The effects of the different ME at concentrations 0.500, 0.325, 0.200 mg/ml were assessed on the embryonic development (ED) of the eggs in duplicate. Logit analysis was used to calculate EC50 values. A generalized linear mixed model, having plant species and concentration as fixed effect and day as repeated measure, was used to determine differences in ED. Estimated EC50 was the lowest for FL at 0.11 mg/ml. CA and TV followed with 0.27 mg/ml and 0.32 mg/ml. ED for FL was significantly lower (25%) than that of CA (47%). The analysis showed 0.5 mg/ml of the ME of CA and TV significantly affected the ED at 35% and 42% inhibitions respectively. The ED for all ME showed similar pattern i.e., relatively higher efficacy in the first experimental week compared to the rest of the experimental period. The effect from all multicomponent extracts is time and dose dependent. The plants have promising results in inhibiting ED, contributing to the identification of alternative anthelmintic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Poulopoulou
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Piazza Università 5, 39100, Bolzano, Italy. .,Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen - Bolzano, Universitätsplatz 5, 39100, Bolzano, Italy.
| | - Mark James Horgan
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bianka Siewert
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michaela Siller
- Research and Innovation Center, Edmund Mach Foundation, Via E. Mach 1 38010 - San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Luisa Palmieri
- Research and Innovation Center, Edmund Mach Foundation, Via E. Mach 1 38010 - San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Eftychia Martinidou
- Research and Innovation Center, Edmund Mach Foundation, Via E. Mach 1 38010 - San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Stefan Martens
- Research and Innovation Center, Edmund Mach Foundation, Via E. Mach 1 38010 - San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Pietro Fusani
- Consiglio Per La Ricerca in Agricoltura E L'analisi Dell'economia Agraria, Centro Di Ricerca Foreste E Legno, piazza Nicolini 6 loc. Villazzano, 38123, Trento, Italy
| | - Veronika Temml
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Strubergasse 21, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Hermann Stuppner
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Matthias Gauly
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Piazza Università 5, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
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Evaluation of in vitro methods of anthelmintic efficacy testing against Ascaridia galli. J Helminthol 2022; 96:e29. [PMID: 35437126 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x22000177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
To investigate methods for in vitro assessment of anthelmintic efficacy against the chicken nematode Ascaridia galli this study firstly evaluated sample preparation methods including recovery of eggs from excreta using different flotation fluids and induced larval hatching by the deshelling-centrifugation method and the glass-bead method with or without bile. It then evaluated two in vitro assays, the in-ovo larval development assay (LDA) and larval migration inhibition assay (LMIA), for anthelmintic efficacy testing against A. galli using fresh eggs and artificially hatched larvae, respectively. Four anthelmintics, thiabendazole (TBZ), fenbendazole (FBZ), levamisole (LEV) and piperazine (PIP) were employed using an A. galli isolate of known susceptibility. The results suggested that the LDA and LMIA could successfully be used to generate concentration response curves for the tested drugs. The LDA provided EC50 values for inhibition of egg embryonation of 0.084 and 0.071 μg/ml for TBZ and FBZ, respectively. In the LMIA, the values of effective concentration (EC50) of TBZ, FBZ, LEV and PIP were 105.9, 6.32, 349.9 and 6.78 × 107 nM, respectively. For such in vitro studies, a saturated sugar solution showed high egg recovery efficiency (67.8%) and yielded eggs of the highest morphological quality (98.1%) and subsequent developmental ability (93.3%). The larval hatching assays evaluated did not differ in hatching efficiency but the deshelling-centrifugation method yielded larvae that had slightly better survival rates. For final standardization of these tests and establishment of EC50 reference values, tests using isolates of A. galli of defined resistance status need to be performed.
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Boyko OO, Brygadyrenko VV. The impact of certain flavourings and preservatives on the survivability of eggs of Ascaris suum and Trichuris suis. REGULATORY MECHANISMS IN BIOSYSTEMS 2020. [DOI: 10.15421/022052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The article describes a laboratory study of nematocidal properties of flavourings with antibacterial effect against Ascaris suum (Goeze, 1782) and Trichuris suis Schrank, 1788. In the experiments, eight concentrations of food additives with antibacterial properties were used: cinnamaldehyde, benzoic acid, formic acid, linalool, citral, β-ionone. Minimum LC50 value for eggs of A. suum was observed while using cinnamaldehyde and benzoic acid – 1.62 ± 0.37% and 1.69 ± 0.14%, and for eggs of T. suis – 0.57 ± 0.03% and 1.80 ± 0.11% respectively. The lowest influence on the development of eggs of nematodes of pigs’ A. suum and T. suis was exerted by formic acid, linalool, citral and β-ionone. In eggs of A. suum and T. suis, larvae formed in 21 and 50 days even during exposure to 3% emulsions of these substances. The strongest negative impact on the eggs of parasitic nematodes was displayed by cinnamaldehyde flavouring. Further study on nematocidal properties of flavourings, as well as their mixtures, would contribute to the development of preparations which would have a strong effect on eggs and larvae of nematodes of animals and humans.
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Peña-Espinoza M, Valente AH, Bornancin L, Simonsen HT, Thamsborg SM, Williams AR, López-Muñoz R. Anthelmintic and metabolomic analyses of chicory (Cichorium intybus) identify an industrial by-product with potent in vitro antinematodal activity. Vet Parasitol 2020; 280:109088. [PMID: 32278938 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2020.109088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Chicory (Cichorium intybus) is a bioactive forage rich in sesquiterpene lactones (SLs) with reported in vitro and in vivo anthelmintic activity in livestock. However, the on-farm adoption of chicory as an anthelmintic crop is limited and may be facilitated by using standardised industrial chicory material. Chicory root pulp is a by-product obtained from industrial chicory roots after inulin extraction and can potentially retain SLs. However, SL content and associated anthelmintic activity of chicory root pulp have not been investigated. Here, we evaluated the anthelmintic activity of SL-enriched extracts from chicory root pulp and forage chicory, and used untargeted metabolomics and molecular networking to identify potential anthelmintic molecules. Six different sources of chicory material were used: fresh chicory root pulp (from industrial chicory roots C. intybus var. sativum; "Root Pulp"), fresh leaves from chicory cv. Spadona (sampled on four occasions) and fresh leaves from chicory cv. Choice. The resulting extracts were tested for anthelmintic activity against the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and the pig nematode Ascaris suum. The cytotoxicity of the chicory extracts was evaluated on mammalian (Vero) cells. In the C. elegans assays, the Root Pulp was the most potent extract and induced paralysis in >95% of worms exposed to >250 μg extract/mL (EC50 = 64.2 μg/mL). In the A. suum assays, the Root Pulp was also the most potent chicory extract to inhibit worm motility (EC50 = 87.6 μg/mL), followed closely by two of the Spadona leaf extracts (EC50 = 89.8 μg/mL and 112.2 μg/mL) The Root Pulp extract had the lowest cytotoxicity of all tested extracts towards mammalian cells, with a selectivity index of 5.37. Untargeted metabolomics revealed that chicory Root Pulp had a markedly different chemical profile in comparison with forage chicory extracts. Molecular networking confirmed several SLs and SL-derivatives mainly present in chicory root pulp, that may be responsible of its potent anti-parasitic activity. Bioactivity-based molecular networking of chicory root pulp and the most potent forage chicory extracts revealed a high predicted anthelmintic score for the guaianolide SL 11,13-dihydro-lactucopicrin. In conclusion, chicory root pulp showed potent and selective in vitro anthelmintic activity against C. elegans and A. suum, with low cytotoxicity in mammalian cells. The promising anthelmintic activity of chicory root pulp should be confirmed in vivo to further explore the potential of this agro-industrial by-product as a nutraceutical anthelmintic for livestock and as novel source of anti-parasitic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Peña-Espinoza
- Instituto de Farmacologia y Morfofisiologia, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
| | - Angela H Valente
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 100, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Louis Bornancin
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Henrik T Simonsen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Stig M Thamsborg
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 100, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Andrew R Williams
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 100, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Rodrigo López-Muñoz
- Instituto de Farmacologia y Morfofisiologia, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
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Küçükbay FZ, Tekin Z. Evaluation of phytochemical contents and antioxidant activity of pomegranate flower. JOURNAL OF THE TURKISH CHEMICAL SOCIETY, SECTION A: CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.18596/jotcsa.628615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Zhao J, Williams AR, Hansen TVA, Thamsborg SM, Cai J, Song S, Chen G, Kang M, Zhang Z, Liu Q, Han Q. An in vitro larval migration assay for assessing anthelmintic activity of different drug classes against Ascaris suum. Vet Parasitol 2017; 238:43-48. [PMID: 28342672 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In vitro methods have been developed for the detection of anthelmintic resistance in a range of nematode species. However, the life cycle of Ascaris suum renders the commonly used egg hatch assay and larval development assay unusable. In this study we developed a combined multi-well culture and agar gel larval migration assay to test the effect of benzimidazole and tetrahydropyrimidin/imidazothiazole anthelmintics against nine isolates of A. suum collected from locations in China and Denmark. Drugs tested were thiabendazole, fenbendazole, mebendazole, levamisole, and pyrantel. The percentages of larvae that migrated to the surface of each treated and control well were used to calculate the drug concentration which inhibits 50% of the larvae migration (EC50). The values of EC50 of thiabendazole, fenbendazole, mebendazole, levamisole, and pyrantel against A. suum isolates ranged 74-150, 4.9-13.9, 2.3-4.3, 358-1150 and 1100-4000nM, respectively. This combined multi-well culture and agar gel larval migration assay was a sensitive bioassay for anthelmintic activity and could serve as an in vitro method to detect for lowered drug efficacy against A. suum or possibly to screen for anthelmintic drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Zhao
- Laboratory of Tropical Veterinary Medicine and Vector Biology, and Hainan Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China; State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, China
| | - Andrew R Williams
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, University of Copenhagen, DK-1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Tina Vicky Alstrup Hansen
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, University of Copenhagen, DK-1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Stig M Thamsborg
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, University of Copenhagen, DK-1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Jianping Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, China
| | - Shuaibao Song
- Laboratory of Tropical Veterinary Medicine and Vector Biology, and Hainan Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Gang Chen
- College of Agriculture and Animal Science, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai 810016, China
| | - Ming Kang
- College of Agriculture and Animal Science, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai 810016, China
| | - Zhuangzhi Zhang
- Xinjiang Veterinary Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, China
| | - Qun Liu
- National Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qian Han
- Laboratory of Tropical Veterinary Medicine and Vector Biology, and Hainan Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China; State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, China.
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