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Zhang Y, Guo W, Wen H, Shi Y, Gao W, Chen X, Wang T, Wang W, Wu W. Analysis of lncRNA-related studies of ivermectin-sensitive and -resistant strains of Haemonchus contortus. Parasitol Res 2024; 123:226. [PMID: 38814484 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08238-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
In this study, 858 novel long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were predicted as sensitive and resistant strains of Haemonchus contortus to ivermectin. These lncRNAs underwent bioinformatic analysis. In total, 205 lncRNAs significantly differed using log2 (difference multiplicity) > 1 or log2 (difference multiplicity) < - 1 and FDR < 0.05 as the threshold for significant difference analysis. We selected five lncRNAs based on significant differences in expression, cis-regulation, and their association with the Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. These expressions of lncRNAs, namely MSTRG.12610.1, MSTRG.8169.1, MSTRG.6355.1, MSTRG.980.1, and MSTRG.9045.1, were significantly downregulated. These findings were consistent with the results of transcriptomic sequencing. We further investigated the relative expression of target gene mRNAs and the regulation of mRNA and miRNA, starting with lncRNA cis-regulation of mRNA, and constructed a lncRNA-mRNA-miRNA network regulation. After a series of statistical analyses, we finally screened out UGT8, Unc-116, Fer-related kinase-1, GGPP synthase 1, and sart3, which may be involved in developing drug resistance under the regulation of their corresponding lncRNAs. The findings of this study provide a novel direction for future studies on drug resistance targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmin Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Wenrui Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Haifeng Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yaqin Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Wa Gao
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Tick-Borne Infectious Diseases, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Xindi Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Tengyu Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Wenlong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Inner Mongolia, China.
| | - Weijie Wu
- Hinggan League Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Technology Extension Centre, Ulanhot, China.
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Marin-Tun CG, Mancilla-Montelongo MG, Capetillo-Leal CM, Sandoval-Castro CA, Hoste H, Borges-Argáez R, Torres-Acosta JFDJ. Adapting the in vitro rumen incubation method to evaluate the effect of a plant extract on the exsheathment inhibition of Haemonchus contortus infective larvae. Vet Parasitol 2024; 327:110135. [PMID: 38308932 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
This study adapted the in vitro rumen incubation (IVRI) method to evaluate the biological activity of a Gymnopodium floribundum leaves extract against the exsheathment of Haemonchus contortus infective larvae (L3), and to determine the role of plant polyphenols on the biological activity. The incubation protocol followed the IVRI method, adding polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a polyphenol-blocking agent. The L3 were incubated in ruminal liquor (RL), ruminal liquor with PEG (RL+PEG), ruminal liquor with G. floribundum extract (RLE), and ruminal liquor with G. floribundum extract and PEG (RLE+PEG). Incubation condition controls included phosphate buffered saline (PBS), PBS with PEG (PBS+PEG), incubation medium (without ruminal liquor) (IM), and incubation medium with PEG (IM+PEG). The L3 were recovered after incubation times of 0, 1, 3, 6, 9, and 24 h (39 °C). The respective L3 exsheathment kinetics were estimated for the different treatments (RL, RL+PEG, RLE, and RLE+PEG) using Log-Logistic models. The parameters of the different models were compared to determine the impact of the extract, with or without PEG, on the L3 exsheathment kinetics. The exsheathment in PBS and PBS+PEG remained < 2.71% at each incubation time. The exsheathment in IM and IM+PEG reached 13.58% and 17.18% at 24 h, respectively. The exsheathment percentages for RLE were lower than those for RL at 3, 6 and 9 h of incubation. The inflection point, indicating the time required to reach 50% of the maximal exsheathment (T50), was the only parameter that differed between the ruminal liquor models. The T50 in RLE (7.106 h) was higher than the values obtained for RL (5.385 h) and RL+PEG (4.923 h) (99.99% probability of being different). Such delay resulted in a reduction of exsheathment in RLE of 62% at 3 h, 38% at 6 h, and 12% at 9 h, relative to RL values. When PEG was added with the extract (RLE+PEG), the T50 (5.045 h) was similar to that of RL and RL+PEG. The IVRI method was adapted as an in vitro rumen exsheathment test (IVRET). The IVRET showed that H. contortus L3 exposed to G. floribundum extract delayed their exsheathment kinetics at different time points. The exsheathment delay was attributed to the polyphenol content of the extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Goretti Marin-Tun
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Km 15.5 Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil, C.P. 97315 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - María Gabriela Mancilla-Montelongo
- CONAHCYT - Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Km 15.5 Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil, C.P. 97315 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Concepción Manuela Capetillo-Leal
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Km 15.5 Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil, C.P. 97315 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Carlos Alfredo Sandoval-Castro
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Km 15.5 Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil, C.P. 97315 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Hervé Hoste
- INRAE UMR 1225 Interactions Hôte Agents Pathogènes, 23 Chemin des Capelles, F31076 Toulouse, France
| | - Rocío Borges-Argáez
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130 Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, C.P. 97200 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Juan Felipe de Jesús Torres-Acosta
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Km 15.5 Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil, C.P. 97315 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
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von Son-de Fernex E, Zúñiga-Olivos E, Jiménez-García LF, Mendoza-de Gives P. Anthelmintic-Like Activity and Ultrastructure Changes Produced by Two Polyphenolic Combinations against Cooperia punctata Adult Worms and Infective Larvae. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12050744. [PMID: 37242414 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12050744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cooperia punctata is one of the most prevalent gastrointestinal nematodes affecting cattle under grazing conditions, and the increasing reports of anthelmintic resistance forces researchers to look for novel control measures. Previous reports have proposed the use of polyphenolic compound (PC) combinations (Coumarin:Quercetin (CuQ) and Caffeic-acid:Rutin (CaR)) against free-living stages (L3) of C. punctata. The objective of this study was to assess the in vitro motility inhibition of C. punctata adult worms and infective larvae using the Larval Motility Inhibition Assay (LMIA) and Adult Motility Inhibition Assay (AMIA), and to assess the structural and ultrastructural changes induced by both treatments using Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy. For the LMIA, infective larvae were incubated for 3 h in 0.8 mg mL-1 and 0.84 mg mL-1 of CuQ and CaR, respectively. For AMIA, six concentrations and five incubation periods (2, 4, 6, 12 and 24 h) were assessed using each PC combination. Cooperia punctata motility was calculated as a percentage and corrected using control motility percentages. A multiple comparisons Brown-Forsythe and Welch ANOVA test was used to compare larval motility; and to fit the dose-response in AMIA, data were analyzed with a non-linear regression four-parameter logistic equation with a variable slope, using the computer program GraphPad Prism® V.9.2.0. Although larval motility was barely affected by both treatments (p > 0.05), adult worm motility was inhibited 100% and 86.9% after 24 h incubation with CuQ and CaR, respectively (p < 0.05). The best fit EC50 for adult worm motility inhibition were 0.073 ± 0.071 mg mL-1 and 0.051 ± 0.164 mg mL-1 for CuQ and CaR, respectively. Main structural and ultrastructural lesions observed in both biological stages were: (i) L3 sheath-cuticle complex disruption, (ii) collagen fibers degradation; (iii) hypodermic detachment, (iv) seam cell apoptosis and (v) mitochondrial swelling. The alterations observed suggest that the PC combinations interfere with the anatomy and physiology of the locomotive apparatus of the nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke von Son-de Fernex
- Teaching, Research and Extension in Tropical Livestock Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Martínez de la Torre, Veracruz 93600, Mexico
| | - Estefanía Zúñiga-Olivos
- Teaching, Research and Extension in Tropical Livestock Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Martínez de la Torre, Veracruz 93600, Mexico
| | - Luis Felipe Jiménez-García
- Department of Cellular Biology of the Sciences Faculty, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Av. Universidad 3000, Circuito Exterior s/n Alcaldía Coyoacán, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Pedro Mendoza-de Gives
- Laboratory of Helminthology, National Centre for Disciplinary Research in Animal Health and Innocuity (CENID-SAI), National Institute for Research in Forestry, Agriculture and Livestock, INIFAP-SADER, Jiutepec 62574, Mexico
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Negrel L, Baltenweck R, Demangeat G, Le Bohec-Dorner F, Rustenholz C, Velt A, Gertz C, Bieler E, Dürrenberger M, Gombault P, Hugueney P, Lemaire O. Comparative Metabolomic Analysis of Four Fabaceae and Relationship to In Vitro Nematicidal Activity against Xiphinema index. Molecules 2022; 27:3052. [PMID: 35630529 PMCID: PMC9146138 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV), responsible for fanleaf degeneration, is spread in vineyards by the soil nematode Xiphinema index. Nematicide molecules were used to limit the spread of the disease until they were banned due to negative environmental impacts. Therefore, there is a growing interest in alternative methods, including plant-derived products with antagonistic effects to X. index. In this work, we evaluated the nematicidal potential of the aerial parts and roots of four Fabaceae: sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia), birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus), sweet clover (Melilotus albus), and red clover (Trifolium pratense), as well as that of sainfoin-based commercial pellets. For all tested plants, either aerial or root parts, or both of them, exhibited a nematicidal effect on X. index in vitro, pellets being as effective as freshly harvested plants. Comparative metabolomic analyses did not reveal molecules or molecule families specifically associated with antagonistic properties toward X. index, suggesting that the nematicidal effect is the result of a combination of different molecules rather than associated with a single compound. Finally, scanning electron microscope observations did not reveal the visible impact of O. viciifolia extract on X. index cuticle, suggesting that alteration of the cuticle may not be the primary cause of their nematicidal effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raymonde Baltenweck
- Santé de la Vigne et Qualité du Vin, INRAE, Université de Strasbourg, 68000 Colmar, France; (R.B.); (G.D.); (F.L.B.-D.); (C.R.); (A.V.); (C.G.); (P.H.); (O.L.)
| | - Gerard Demangeat
- Santé de la Vigne et Qualité du Vin, INRAE, Université de Strasbourg, 68000 Colmar, France; (R.B.); (G.D.); (F.L.B.-D.); (C.R.); (A.V.); (C.G.); (P.H.); (O.L.)
| | - Françoise Le Bohec-Dorner
- Santé de la Vigne et Qualité du Vin, INRAE, Université de Strasbourg, 68000 Colmar, France; (R.B.); (G.D.); (F.L.B.-D.); (C.R.); (A.V.); (C.G.); (P.H.); (O.L.)
| | - Camille Rustenholz
- Santé de la Vigne et Qualité du Vin, INRAE, Université de Strasbourg, 68000 Colmar, France; (R.B.); (G.D.); (F.L.B.-D.); (C.R.); (A.V.); (C.G.); (P.H.); (O.L.)
| | - Amandine Velt
- Santé de la Vigne et Qualité du Vin, INRAE, Université de Strasbourg, 68000 Colmar, France; (R.B.); (G.D.); (F.L.B.-D.); (C.R.); (A.V.); (C.G.); (P.H.); (O.L.)
| | - Claude Gertz
- Santé de la Vigne et Qualité du Vin, INRAE, Université de Strasbourg, 68000 Colmar, France; (R.B.); (G.D.); (F.L.B.-D.); (C.R.); (A.V.); (C.G.); (P.H.); (O.L.)
| | - Eva Bieler
- Nano Imaging Laboratory, Swiss Nanoscience Institute, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland; (E.B.); (M.D.)
| | - Markus Dürrenberger
- Nano Imaging Laboratory, Swiss Nanoscience Institute, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland; (E.B.); (M.D.)
| | | | - Philippe Hugueney
- Santé de la Vigne et Qualité du Vin, INRAE, Université de Strasbourg, 68000 Colmar, France; (R.B.); (G.D.); (F.L.B.-D.); (C.R.); (A.V.); (C.G.); (P.H.); (O.L.)
| | - Olivier Lemaire
- Santé de la Vigne et Qualité du Vin, INRAE, Université de Strasbourg, 68000 Colmar, France; (R.B.); (G.D.); (F.L.B.-D.); (C.R.); (A.V.); (C.G.); (P.H.); (O.L.)
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Hoste H, Meza-OCampos G, Marchand S, Sotiraki S, Sarasti K, Blomstrand BM, Williams AR, Thamsborg SM, Athanasiadou S, Enemark HL, Torres Acosta JF, Mancilla-Montelongo G, Castro CS, Costa-Junior LM, Louvandini H, Sousa DM, Salminen JP, Karonen M, Engstrom M, Charlier J, Niderkorn V, Morgan ER. Use of agro-industrial by-products containing tannins for the integrated control of gastrointestinal nematodes in ruminants. Parasite 2022; 29:10. [PMID: 35225785 PMCID: PMC8884022 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2022010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have illustrated that different bioactive legume fodders containing condensed tannins might represent one of the options for integrated sustainable control of gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) in ruminants, which may help address the worldwide development of resistance to synthetic anthelmintics. More recently, impetus has been given to assess the potential antiparasitic activity of less conventional resources, represented by different agro-industrial by-products (AIBPs). This review presents in vitro and in vivo results obtained with a range of tannin-containing AIBPs of various geographical and botanical origins, namely AIBP of nuts, temperate and tropical barks, carob, coffee and cocoa. They tend to confirm the “proof of concept” for their antiparasitic effects and also for other aspects of ruminant production in an agro-ecological context. Socio-economic aspects of the exploitation of such non-conventional resources are also discussed as potential models of the circular economy, by using waste. The different modes of use of these resources are presented in this review, as well as strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analyses to illustrate the advantages and limitations of on-farm use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Hoste
- Université de Toulouse, UMR 1225 IHAP INRAE/ENVT 31076 Toulouse France
- Corresponding author:
| | | | - Sarah Marchand
- Université de Toulouse, UMR 1225 IHAP INRAE/ENVT 31076 Toulouse France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Juan Felipe Torres Acosta
- CONACYT-Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil km 15.5 Mérida Yucatán 97000 México
| | - Gabriella Mancilla-Montelongo
- CONACYT-Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil km 15.5 Mérida Yucatán 97000 México
| | - Carlos Sandoval Castro
- CONACYT-Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil km 15.5 Mérida Yucatán 97000 México
| | - Livio M. Costa-Junior
- Laboratório de Controle de Parasitos, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luis Maranhão MA 65080-805 Brazil
| | - Helder Louvandini
- Laboratório de Nutrição Animal, Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo 13400-970 Piracicaba São Paulo Brazil
| | - Dauana Mesquita Sousa
- Laboratório de Controle de Parasitos, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luis Maranhão MA 65080-805 Brazil
| | | | - Maarit Karonen
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, University of Turku 20014 Turku Finland
| | - Marika Engstrom
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, University of Turku 20014 Turku Finland
| | | | - Vincent Niderkorn
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores 63122 Saint-Genes Champanelle France
| | - Eric R. Morgan
- School of Biological Sciences, Queens University, Belfast BT9 5DL Northern Ireland United Kingdom
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Impact of Sainfoin ( Onobrychis viciifolia) Pellets on Parasitological Status, Antibody Responses, and Antioxidant Parameters in Lambs Infected with Haemonchus contortus. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11030301. [PMID: 35335625 PMCID: PMC8954349 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11030301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Our study analyzed the parasitological status, antibody responses, and antioxidant parameters of lambs experimentally infected with a gastrointestinal nematode during the consumption of sainfoin pellets (SFPs) for 14 d. Twenty-four lambs infected with Haemonchus contortus were separated into two groups: untreated animals (control) and animals treated with SFPs (600 g dry matter/d). SFP treatment began on day (D) 30 post-infection. The number of eggs per gram (EPG) of feces was quantified on D18, D23, D26, D30, D33, D37, D40, and D44. The mean reductions in EPG on D40 and D44 were 33.6 and 36.7%, respectively. The number of abomasal worms was lower for the SFP than the control group (p < 0.05). SFP treatment did not significantly affect either the total or the local antibody response (p > 0.05). The blood activity of glutathione peroxidase was affected by the treatment (p < 0.022). Adult worms were selected for scanning electron microscopy after necropsy, but surface structures of adult H. contortus females did not differ between the groups. The treatment of lambs with SFPs directly affected the dynamics of infection, probably indirectly by mobilizing the antioxidant defensive system and antibody response thus improving animal resistance.
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Gareh A, Elhawary NM, Tahoun A, Ramez AM, El-Shewehy DMM, Elbaz E, Khalifa MI, Alsharif KF, Khalifa RMA, Dyab AK, Monib MEM, Arafa MI, Elmahallawy EK. Epidemiological, Morphological, and Morphometric Study on Haemonchus spp. Recovered From Goats in Egypt. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:705619. [PMID: 34765663 PMCID: PMC8575731 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.705619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Goats can be infected by multiple groups of external and internal parasites. Haemonchus spp. are among abomasal parasites that can result in higher mortality and several considerable economic losses in goats. Early detection of parasites and better understanding of the major risk factors associated with infection are among the main strategies for controlling the infection. Considering this, information on hemonchosis in goats from Egypt, and the contribution of goats in the maintenance of the epidemiological foci of the disease is limited. This study investigated the prevalence of Haemonchus species among 240 abomasum samples collected during postmortem examination of goat carcasses from Assiut Governorate, Egypt. Moreover, the association of the major risk factors to describe the epidemiological pattern of the disease was explored. This study demonstrated that 16.66% of abomasa samples harbored Haemonchus species. Additionally, age, sex, and sampling season were the most significant risk factors associated with infection. Following the variable factors under study, goats aged 1 year or older were at higher risk, with an infection rate of 22.14% (31 of 140), than those younger than 1 year (9%) [p = 0.008; odds ratio (OR) = 2.87; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.30-6.35]. The infection rate was 25% (19 of 76) in males and 12.8% (21 of 164) in females [p = 0.024; odds ratio (OR) = 2.26; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.13-4.53]. Moreover, the exposure to infection was higher in summer (22.22%) than in winter (8.33%) (p = 0.007; odds ratio (OR) = 0.318; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.139-0.725). More importantly, three species of the parasite-Haemonchus contortus, Haemonchus placei, and Haemonchus longistipes-were identified for the first time, and the confirmation of the identification and morphological characterization of the worms was performed using light microscopy and SEM. Collectively, this study reveals interesting epidemiological, morphological, and morphometric findings associated with the occurrence of hemonchosis among goats in Egypt. This study suggests further research for exploring the major circulating species of the parasite in Egypt, which is mandatory for controlling the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Gareh
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
| | - Nagwa M Elhawary
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Amin Tahoun
- Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelshkh University, Kafr El Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Amany M Ramez
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Dina M M El-Shewehy
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Elzahara Elbaz
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Marwa I Khalifa
- Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
| | - Khalaf F Alsharif
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Refaat M A Khalifa
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ahmed K Dyab
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | | | - Mohsen I Arafa
- Department of Parasitology, Animal Health Research Institute, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ehab Kotb Elmahallawy
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
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Maestrini M, Molento MB, Forzan M, Perrucci S. In vitro anthelmintic activity of an aqueous extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra and of glycyrrhetinic acid against gastrointestinal nematodes of small ruminants. Parasite 2021; 28:64. [PMID: 34468311 PMCID: PMC10649775 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2021060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the in vitro anthelmintic activity of a liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) root aqueous extract and of glycyrrhetinic acid at 30, 10, 5, 1, and 0.5 mg/mL against sheep gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs), using the egg hatch test (EHT), the larval development test (LDT), and the larval migration inhibition test (LMIT). The compounds were applied on a mixture of GIN eggs and larvae, mainly Trichostrongylus spp. and Teladorsagia/Ostertagia spp. Cytotoxicity assays were also performed. In the EHT, both candidates showed significant concentration-dependent efficacy and were significantly more effective (p < 0.001) at the highest concentrations (30 and 10 mg/mL) than the lowest ones. In the LDT, only G. glabra showed a concentration-dependent effect (R2 = 0.924), but glycyrrhetinic acid (R2 = 0.910) had significantly higher efficacy than G. glabra root extract. Moreover, the efficacy of glycyrrhetinic acid at 30, 10, and 5 mg/mL was significantly higher (p < 0.001) than at lower concentrations. In the LMIT, G. glabra showed concentration-dependent efficacy (R2 = 0.971), while considerably reduced efficacy was observed for glycyrrhetinic acid (R2 = 0.855) at the lowest concentrations. These data suggest that the two compounds may have different mechanisms of action. In the LMIT, the 50% lethal concentration (LC50) of glycyrrhetinic acid (~5.12 mg/mL) was > 2.0-fold lower when compared to G. glabra (12.25 mg/mL). Analysis and previous findings indicated low toxicity for both compounds. The results obtained encourage in vivo studies aimed at evaluating the potential use of the tested compounds as natural de-wormers in ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Maestrini
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa Viale delle Piagge 2 56124 Pisa Italy
| | - Marcelo Beltrão Molento
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Paraná R. dos Funcionarios, 1540 Curitiba 80035-050 PR Brazil
| | - Mario Forzan
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa Viale delle Piagge 2 56124 Pisa Italy
| | - Stefania Perrucci
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa Viale delle Piagge 2 56124 Pisa Italy
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Ali R, Rooman M, Mussarat S, Norin S, Ali S, Adnan M, Khan SN. A Systematic Review on Comparative Analysis, Toxicology, and Pharmacology of Medicinal Plants Against Haemonchus contortus. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:644027. [PMID: 34040520 PMCID: PMC8141741 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.644027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:Haemonchus contortus is an important pathogenic nematode parasite and major economic constraint of small ruminants in tropics and subtropics regions. This review is an attempt to systematically address the; (a) efficacy of different plants against H. contortus by in vitro and in vivo proof; (b) toxicology, mechanism of action, and active phyto-compounds involve in anti-haemonchiasis activity; (c) and comparative analysis of plant species evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. Methods: Online databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect) were searched and published research articles (1980–2020) were gathered and reviewed. Results: A total of 187 plant species were reported belonging to 59 families and 145 genera with Asteraceae and Fabaceae being frequently used. Out of the total plant species, 171 species were found to be evaluated in vitro and only 40 species in vivo. Twenty-four species were commonly evaluated for in vitro and in vivo anti-haemonchiasis activity. Among the reported assays, egg hatching test (EHT) and fecal egg count reduction (FECR) were the most widely used assays in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Moreover, sheep were the frequently used experimental model in vivo. After comparative analysis, Lachesiodendron viridiflorum, Corymbia citriodora, Calotropis procera, and Artemisia herba-alba were found highly effective both in vitro and in vivo. L. viridiflorum inhibited enzymatic activities and metabolic processes of the parasite and was found to be safe without toxic effects. C. citriodora was moderately toxic in vivo, however, the plant extract produced promising nematicidal effects by causing muscular disorganization and changes in the mitochondrial profile. Additionally, C. procera and A. herba-alba despite of their high anti-haemonchiasis activity were found to be highly toxic at the tested concentrations. C. procera caused perforation and tegumental disorganization along with adult worm paralysis. Nineteen compounds were reported, among which anethole and carvone completely inhibited egg hatching in vitro and significantly reduced fecal egg count, decreased male length, and reproductive capacity of female in vivo. Conclusion: This review summarized different medicinal plants owing to nematicidal activities against H. contortus eggs, larvae, and adult worms. Plants like L. viridiflorum, C. citriodora, C. procera, and A. herba-alba, while compounds anethole and carvone having promising nematicidal activities and could be an alternative source for developing novel drugs after further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehman Ali
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rooman
- Department of Zoology, Hazara University Mansehra, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Sakina Mussarat
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Norin
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Shandana Ali
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Adnan
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Niaz Khan
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
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Quebracho tannins aid in the control of Eimeria spp. and gastrointestinal nematodes in lambs and goat kids. Vet Parasitol 2020; 288:109295. [PMID: 33171413 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2020.109295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to examine the effects of supplementary quebracho on control of coccidiosis and gastrointestinal nematodes in lambs and kids. In Exp. 1, naturally infected lambs weaned (87.8 ± 0.4 days of age; day 0) in January (winter) were blocked by sex and randomly assigned (n = 10/treatment) to receive supplement with or without 100 g/lamb of quebracho for 28 days. In Exp. 2, single or twin rearing ewes were randomly assigned into two groups, and naturally infected lambs were fed control (n = 28) or quebracho (100 g/lamb of quebracho tannins in feed; n = 27) between -28 and 21 days (weaning = day 0; 70.8 ± 0.1 days of age). In Exp. 3, weaned doe kids (57.6 ± 2.0 days of age) were randomly assigned to receive alfalfa (Medicago sativa) supplement with (n = 9) or without (n = 8) 50 g/kid quebracho or sericea lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata) with quebracho (n = 8) for 21 days. Fecal oocyst count (FOC), nematode egg counts (FEC), fecal score, dag score (soiling around rear quarters), and blood packed cell volume (PCV) were determined every 7 days. Data were analyzed as repeated measures using mixed models. In Exp. 1, FOC decreased in quebracho-fed lambs (diet × time, P < 0.001) but FEC was similar between treatments during the feeding period (P = 0.19). Packed cell volume (P = 0.19) and fecal score (P = 0.42) were similar between groups. Quebracho-fed lambs had a greater dag score initially (diet × time, P = 0.02), but were similar by day 42 (P = 0.72). In Exp. 2, FOC remained low (P = 0.02), PCV tended to decrease (P = 0.06), but FEC increased on days 14 and 21 (diet × time; P < 0.001) in quebracho compared with control-fed lambs. Quebracho-fed lambs had lower fecal score (diet × time; P = 0.005) but higher dag score (diet × time; P < 0.001). In Exp. 3, FOC of kids fed quebracho (alfalfa or sericea lespedeza supplement) was lower than control (P < 0.001). Fecal score of kids fed sericea lespedeza compared with alfalfa were lower regardless of quebracho (P = 0.01). There were no differences among treatments for dag, FEC, PCV, or body weight (P> 0.10). Quebracho was effective in reducing FOC but not clinical signs of coccidiosis in both lambs and kids, and may not be highly digestible in lambs as it caused loose stools.
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Natural Compounds from the Marine Brown Alga Caulocystis cephalornithos with Potent In Vitro-Activity against the Parasitic Nematode Haemonchus contortus. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9070550. [PMID: 32659883 PMCID: PMC7400099 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9070550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Eight secondary metabolites (1 to 8) were isolated from a marine sponge, a marine alga and three terrestrial plants collected in Australia and subsequently chemically characterised. Here, these natural product-derived compounds were screened for in vitro-anthelmintic activity against the larvae and adult stages of Haemonchus contortus (barber's pole worm)-a highly pathogenic parasitic nematode of ruminants. Using an optimised, whole-organism screening system, compounds were tested on exsheathed third-stage larvae (xL3s) and fourth-stage larvae (L4s). Anthelmintic activity was initially evaluated on these stages based on the inhibition of motility, development and/or changes in morphology (phenotype). We identified two compounds, 6-undecylsalicylic acid (3) and 6-tridecylsalicylic acid (4) isolated from the marine brown alga, Caulocystis cephalornithos, with inhibitory effects on xL3 and L4 motility and larval development, and the induction of a "skinny-straight" phenotype. Subsequent testing showed that these two compounds had an acute nematocidal effect (within 1-12 h) on adult males and females of H. contortus. Ultrastructural analysis of adult worms treated with compound 4 revealed significant damage to subcuticular musculature and associated tissues and cellular organelles including mitochondria. In conclusion, the present study has discovered two algal compounds possessing acute anthelmintic effects and with potential for hit-to-lead progression. Future work should focus on undertaking a structure-activity relationship study and on elucidating the mode(s) of action of optimised compounds.
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