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Li W, Meng J, Lei J, Li C, Yue W. Carbon monoxide poisoning with hippocampi lesions on MRI: cases report and literature review. BMC Neurol 2024; 24:159. [PMID: 38734615 PMCID: PMC11088036 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-024-03668-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is now one of the leading causes of poisoning-related mortality worldwide. The central nervous system is the most vulnerable structure in acute CO poisoning. MRI is of great significance in the diagnosis and prognosis of CO toxic encephalopathy. The imaging features of CO poisoning are diverse. We report atypical hippocampal lesions observed on MRI in four patients after acute CO exposure. CASE PRESENTATIONS We report four patients who presented to the emergency department with loss of consciousness. The diagnosis of CO poisoning was confirmed on the basis of their detailed history, physical examination and laboratory tests. Brain MRI in all of these patients revealed abnormal signal intensity in hippocampi bilaterally. They all received hyperbaric oxygen therapy. The prognosis of all four patients was poor. CONCLUSION Hippocampi, as a relatively rare lesion on MRI of CO poisoning, is of important significance both in the early and delayed stages of acute CO poisoning. In this article, we summarize the case reports of hippocampal lesions on MRI in patients with CO poisoning in recent years, in order to provide reference for the diagnosis and prognosis of CO poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxia Li
- Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Jun Meng
- Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Jing Lei
- Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Wei Yue
- Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
- Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, 300350, China.
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Clancy U, Cheng Y, Brara A, Doubal FN, Wardlaw JM. Occupational and domestic exposure associations with cerebral small vessel disease and vascular dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:3021-3033. [PMID: 38270898 PMCID: PMC11032565 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prevalence of cerebral smallvessel disease (SVD) and vascular dementia according to workplace or domestic exposure to hazardous substances is unclear. METHODS We included studies assessing occupational and domestic hazards/at-risk occupations and SVD features. We pooled prevalence estimates using random-effects models where possible, or presented a narrative synthesis. RESULTS We included 85 studies (n = 47,743, mean age = 44·5 years). 52/85 reported poolable estimates. SVD prevalence in populations exposed to carbon monoxide was 81%(95% CI = 60-93%; n = 1373; results unchanged in meta-regression), carbon disulfide73% (95% CI = 54-87%; n = 131), 1,2-dichloroethane 88% (95% CI = 4-100%, n = 40), toluene 82% (95% CI = 3-100%, n = 64), high altitude 49% (95% CI = 38-60%; n = 164),and diving 24% (95% CI = 5-67%, n = 172). We narratively reviewed vascular dementia studies and contact sport, lead, military, pesticide, and solvent exposures as estimates were too few/varied to pool. DISCUSSION SVD and vascular dementia may be associated with occupational/domestic exposure to hazardous substances. CRD42021297800.
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Affiliation(s)
- Una Clancy
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences and the UK Dementia Research InstituteChancellor's BuildingUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Yajun Cheng
- Center of Cerebrovascular DiseasesDepartment of NeurologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Amrita Brara
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences and the UK Dementia Research InstituteChancellor's BuildingUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Fergus N. Doubal
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences and the UK Dementia Research InstituteChancellor's BuildingUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Joanna M. Wardlaw
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences and the UK Dementia Research InstituteChancellor's BuildingUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
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Yoo KH, Kang H, Oh J, Lim TH, Cho Y, Lee J, Lee SH, Jung S, Kim WY, Sohn CH, Ko BS. Predicting acute brain lesions on magnetic resonance imaging in acute carbon monoxide poisoning: a multicenter prospective observational study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22090. [PMID: 38086978 PMCID: PMC10716396 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49216-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
An acute brain lesion (ABL) identified by brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after acute carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is a strong prognostic factor for the development of delayed neuropsychiatric syndrome (DNS). This study aimed to identify predictors of ABLs on MRI in patients with acute CO poisoning. This was a multicenter prospective registry-based observational study conducted at two tertiary hospitals. A total of 1,034 patients were included. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that loss of consciousness (LOC) (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.68, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.49-5.06), Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score < 9 (aOR 2.41, 95% CI: 1.49-3.91), troponin-I (TnI) (aOR 1.22, 95% CI: 1.08-1.41), CO exposure duration (aOR 1.09, 95% CI: 1.05-1.13), and white blood cell (WBC) (aOR 1.05, 95% CI: 1.01-1.09) were independent predictors of ABLs on MRI. LOC, GCS score, TnI, CO exposure duration, and WBC count can be useful predictors of ABLs on MRI in patients with acute CO poisoning, helping clinicians decide the need for an MRI scan or transfer the patient to an appropriate institution for MRI or hyperbaric oxygen therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Hun Yoo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Hyunggoo Kang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Jaehoon Oh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Tae Ho Lim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Yongil Cho
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Juncheol Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Sang Hwan Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Seungkyo Jung
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Won Young Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Chang Hwan Sohn
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, South Korea.
| | - Byuk Sung Ko
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, South Korea.
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Liu H, Zheng H, Zhang G, Zhuang J, Li W, Wu B, Zheng W. A Graph Theory Study of Resting-State Functional MRI Connectivity in Children With Carbon Monoxide Poisoning. J Magn Reson Imaging 2023; 58:1452-1459. [PMID: 36994898 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning on the topology of brain functional networks is unclear, especially in children whose brains are still developing. PURPOSE To investigate the topological alterations of the whole-brain functional connectome in children with CO poisoning and characterize its relationship with disease severity. STUDY TYPE Cross-sectional and prospective study. SUBJECTS A total of 26 patients with CO poisoning and 26 healthy controls. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE A 3.0 T MRI system/echo planar imaging (EPI) and 3D brain volume imaging (BRAVO) sequences. ASSESSMENT We used the network-based statistics (NBS) method to explore between-group differences in functional connectivity strength and a graph-theoretical-based analytic method to explore the topology of brain networks. STATISTICAL TESTS Student's t-test, chi-square test, NBS, Pearson correlation coefficient, and false discovery rate correction. The statistical significance threshold was set at P < 0.05. RESULTS The case group's brain functional network topology was impaired in comparison to the control group (reduced global efficiency and small-worldness, increased characteristic path length). According to node and edge analyses, the case group showed topologically damaged regions in the frontal lobe and basal ganglia, as well as neuronal circuits with weaker connections. Also, there was a significant correlation between the patients' coma time and the degree (r = -0.4564), efficiency (r = -0.4625), and characteristic path length (r = 0.4383) of the nodes in the left orbital inferior frontal gyrus. Carbon monoxide hemoglobin content (COHb) concentration and right rolandic operculum node characteristic path length (r = -0.3894) were significantly correlated. The node efficiency and node degree of the right middle frontal gyrus (r = 0.4447 and 0.4539) and right pallidum (r = 0.4136 and 0.4501) significantly correlated with the MMSE score. DATA CONCLUSION The brain network topology of CO poisoned children is damaged, which is manifested by reduced network integration and may lead to a series of clinical symptoms in patients. EVIDENCE LEVEL 2. TECHNICAL EFFICACY Stage 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- HongKun Liu
- Department of Radiology, Huizhou Central People's Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - HongYi Zheng
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - GengBiao Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - JiaYan Zhuang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - WeiJia Li
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - BiXia Wu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - WenBin Zheng
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
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Distelmaier F, Klopstock T. Neuroimaging in mitochondrial disease. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2023; 194:173-185. [PMID: 36813312 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-821751-1.00016-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
The anatomic complexity of the brain in combination with its high energy demands makes this organ specifically vulnerable to defects of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Therefore, neurodegeneration is a hallmark of mitochondrial diseases. The nervous system of affected individuals typically shows selective regional vulnerability leading to distinct patterns of tissue damage. A classic example is Leigh syndrome, which causes symmetric alterations of basal ganglia and brain stem. Leigh syndrome can be caused by different genetic defects (>75 known disease genes) with variable disease onset ranging from infancy to adulthood. Other mitochondrial diseases are characterized by focal brain lesions, which is a core feature of MELAS syndrome (mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes). Apart from gray matter, also white matter can be affected by mitochondrial dysfunction. White matter lesions vary depending on the underlying genetic defect and may progress into cystic cavities. In view of the recognizable patterns of brain damage in mitochondrial diseases, neuroimaging techniques play a key role in diagnostic work-up. In the clinical setting, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and MR spectroscopy (MRS) are the mainstay of diagnostic work-up. Apart from visualization of brain anatomy, MRS allows the detection of metabolites such as lactate, which is of specific interest in the context of mitochondrial dysfunction. However, it is important to note that findings like symmetric basal ganglia lesions on MRI or a lactate peak on MRS are not specific, and that there is a broad range of disorders that can mimic mitochondrial diseases on neuroimaging. In this chapter, we will review the spectrum of neuroimaging findings in mitochondrial diseases and discuss important differential diagnoses. Moreover, we will give an outlook on novel biomedical imaging tools that may provide interesting insights into mitochondrial disease pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Distelmaier
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Thomas Klopstock
- Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Baur-Institute, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany; German Network for mitochondrial disorders (mitoNET), Munich, Germany
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Meng YH, Hsieh MS, Chi YC, How CK, Chen PC, Chang CM. Effect of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning on Epilepsy Development: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study. Ann Emerg Med 2023:S0196-0644(22)01315-4. [PMID: 36797130 DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2022.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning causes central nervous system toxicity resulting in delayed neurologic sequelae. This study aims to evaluate the risk of epilepsy in patients with a history of CO intoxication. METHODS We conducted a retrospective population-based cohort study using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database and enrolled patients with and without CO poisoning matched for age, sex, and index year in a 1:5 ratio, between 2000 and 2010. Multivariable survival models were used to assess the risk of epilepsy. The primary outcome was newly developed epilepsy after the index date. All patients were followed until a new diagnosis of epilepsy, death, or December 31, 2013. Stratification analyses by age and sex were also conducted. RESULTS This study included 8,264 patients with CO poisoning and 41,320 without. Patients with a history of CO poisoning were strongly associated with subsequent epilepsy (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 8.40; 95% confidence interval [CI], 6.48 to 10.88). In the age-stratified analysis, intoxicated patients aged 20 to 39 years had the highest HR (adjusted HR 11.06; 95% CI, 7.17 to 17.08). In the sex-stratified analysis, adjusted HRs for male and female patients were 8.00 (95% CI, 5.86 to 10.92) and 9.53 (95% CI, 5.95 to 15.26), respectively. CONCLUSION Patients with CO poisoning were associated with an increased risk of developing epilepsy compared with those without CO poisoning. This association was more prominent in the young population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsiang Meng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shun Hsieh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taoyuan Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Chi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chorng-Kuang How
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pau-Chung Chen
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ming Chang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Zheng H, Zheng W, Liu H, Zhang G, Li W, Zhuang J, Guo Y. Imaging of glutamate in acute carbon monoxide poisoning using chemical exchange saturation transfer. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1065490. [PMID: 36816556 PMCID: PMC9932694 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1065490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims This study adopted the Glutamate Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (GluCEST) imaging technique to quantitatively analyze cranial glutamate and discussed the effectiveness of GluCEST values in identifying the pathogenesis of encephalopathy after CO poisoning. Methods The routine MRI and functional MRI scans of two cohorts of subjects (CO group, n = 29; Control group, n = 21) were performed. Between-group comparisons were conducted for GluCEST% in regions of interest (ROI), including the basal ganglia, the thalamus, the frontal lobe, the occipital lobe, the genu of corpus callosum, the cingulate gyrus, and the cuneus. Moreover, an age-stratified subgroup analysis was devised, and a correlational analysis was performed for GluCEST% in each ROI, including the time in coma, Simple Mini-Mental State Examination Scale (MMSE) score, Hamilton Anxiety Scale score, and blood COHb%. Results As compared to the healthy control, the CO group led to significantly increasing GluCEST% in the basal ganglia, the occipital lobe, the genu of the corpus callosum, the cingulate gyrus, and the cuneus (p < 0.05). In the subgroup analysis for age, adult patients had higher GluCEST% in the basal ganglia, the thalamus, the occipital lobe, the cingulate gyrus, and the cuneus compared to healthy adults (p < 0.05). In addition, the correlational analysis of CO-poisoned patients revealed a statistical association between the GluCEST% and the MMSE in the thalamus and the genu of the corpus callosum. Conclusion The GluCEST technique is superior to routine MRI in that it can identify the cerebral biochemical changes sooner after acute CO poisoning, which is significant for our understanding of the role of neurotransmitters in the pathological basis of this disease. Brain injury caused by CO poisoning may be different in adults and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyi Zheng
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Wenbin Zheng
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, China,*Correspondence: Wenbin Zheng ✉
| | - Hongkun Liu
- Department of Radiology, Huizhou City Center People's Hospital, Huizhou, China
| | - Gengbiao Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Weijia Li
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Jiayan Zhuang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Yuelin Guo
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shenzhen, China
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A pilot study of neuroprotective effect of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in patients with carbon monoxide poisoning: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:1257-1267. [PMID: 36715735 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02395-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Although neuroprotective effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) have been shown in rats exposed to carbon monoxide (CO), this pilot clinical trial was performed to assess the feasibility of treatment with G-CSF in patients with acute CO poisoning. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot clinical trial was conducted on twenty-six patients with acute CO poisoning. G-CSF (90 μg/kg) was administered intravenously for 72 h. Demographic data, routine laboratory tests, differential blood counts, venous blood gas, and adverse reactions were recorded. The primary endpoint was brain ischemia improvement based on CT findings and the secondary endpoints examined improvements in the modified Rankin Scale (mRS), National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), and Barthel Index as well as S-100β concentrations. Fourteen patients received G-CSF, and 12 received a placebo. Twenty-six were followed for 30 days and no one in both groups died during follow-up. Neurological complications, brain ischemic changes, Barthel, and mRS were compared between the two groups on determined days after the onset of therapeutic intervention, and no significant differences were observed between the two groups. Favorable results were achieved for treated patients by different measures; NIHSS was decreased 72 h after treatment (p = 0.046), and S-100β levels were significantly higher in the G-CSF group than in the control group, 12 h and 72 h after the treatment. G-CSF appears to have potential effects on several clinical parameters in patients with acute CO poisoning. The trial was registered at the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials with the ID: (IRCT201607232083N7).
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Chan MJ, Hu CC, Huang WH, Hsu CW, Yen TH, Weng CH. An artificial intelligence algorithm for analyzing globus pallidus necrosis after carbon monoxide intoxication. Hum Exp Toxicol 2023; 42:9603271231190906. [PMID: 37491827 DOI: 10.1177/09603271231190906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Globus pallidus necrosis (GPN) is one of typical neurological imaging features in patients with carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning. Current clinical guideline recommends neurological imaging examination for CO-intoxicated patients with conscious disturbance rather than routine screening, which may lead to undiagnosed GPN. We aimed to develop an artificial intelligence algorithm for predicting GPN in CO intoxication patients. We included CO intoxication patients with neurological images between 2000 and 2019 in Chang Gung Memorial Hospital. We collected 41 clinical and laboratory parameters on the first day of admission for algorithm development. We used fivefold cross validation and applied several machine learning algorithms. Random forest classifier (RFC) provided the best predictive performance in our cohort. Among the 261 patients with CO intoxication, 52 patients presented with GPN. The artificial intelligence algorithm using the RFC-based AI model achieved an accuracy = 79.2 ± 2.6%, sensitivity = 77.7%, precision score = 81.9 ± 3.4%, and F1 score = 73.2 ± 1.8%. The area under receiver operating characteristic was approximately 0.64. Top five weighted variables were Platelet count, carboxyhemoglobin, Glasgow Coma scale, creatinine, and hemoglobin. Our RFC-based algorithm is the first to predict GPN in patients with CO intoxication and provides fair predictive ability. Further studies are needed to validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Jen Chan
- Kidney Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- Clinical Poison Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chih Hu
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- Department of Hepatogastroenterology and Liver Research Unit, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hung Huang
- Kidney Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- Clinical Poison Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Wei Hsu
- Kidney Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- Clinical Poison Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Tzung-Hai Yen
- Kidney Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- Clinical Poison Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hao Weng
- Kidney Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- Clinical Poison Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
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Saji AS, Raza MH, Anjum AS, Maqsood H, Yousaf J, Saleem S. Carbon monoxide poisoning with an atypical presentation on MRI: Case report and literature review. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022; 82:104655. [PMID: 36268296 PMCID: PMC9577589 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Case presentation Conclusion Acute carbon monoxide poisoning can present with altered mentation, loss of consciousness, and other symptoms. MRI is also crucial in detecting hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy due to CO poisoning and has established superiority over CT scans. MRI should be included as a diagnostic workup for suspected CO poisoning patients to evaluate hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. This will not only aid in the correct diagnosis but will also help in guiding the correct management of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alen Sam Saji
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, China
| | | | | | - Hamza Maqsood
- Nishtar Medical University and Hospital, Multan, Pakistan
- Corresponding author.
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Chiang MY, Shao SC, Liao SC. Validation of Diagnostic Codes to Identify Carbon Monoxide Poisoning in Taiwan’s Claims Data. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:882632. [PMID: 35784736 PMCID: PMC9240270 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.882632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Previous studies identified the study cohort or outcome of carbon monoxide poisoning (COP) by using the relevant disease diagnosis codes in secondary databases, but the validity of diagnosis codes of COP is unclear in such secondary databases. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of case definitions for COP using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) and Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) diagnosis codes in Taiwan’s health insurance claims data. Methods: We selected a 10% simple random sample from an original cohort of patients newly undergoing carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) testing under any clinical diagnosis at four Chang Gung Memorial Hospitals in Taiwan during 2011–2020. Two clinical doctors independently ascertained the COP diagnosis by reviewing the medical records as the reference standard. We estimated the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of various case definitions (e.g., ICD-9-CM code, ICD-10-CM code and the uses of hyperbaric oxygen therapy) in the claims data. Results: We randomly selected 557 cases from the original cohort of 5,571 cases newly receiving COHb test in the study hospitals. We found 90, 35, and 9 cases were true-positive, false-positive, and false-negative episodes of COP, respectively, among 278 cases with an ICD-9-CM code of 986. A further 111, 34, and 6 cases were true-positive, false-positive, and false-negative episodes of COP, respectively, among 279 cases with an ICD-10-CM code of T58. Using ICD-9-CM codes, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV for COP were 90.9, 80.4, 72, and 94.1%, respectively. Using ICD-10-CM codes they were 94.9, 79, 76.6, and 95.5%, respectively. PPV typically increased when COP was the primary diagnosis and could reach 100% if patients with ICD-CM code 986 or T58 also received hyperbaric oxygen therapy during hospitalization. Conclusion: The COP-related ICD-CM codes alone did not accurately identify COP patients, but accuracy improved after including oxygen therapy data with the ICD-CM codes in Taiwan’s claims data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ying Chiang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chieh Shao
- Department of Pharmacy, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chen Liao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Shu-Chen Liao,
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Lee H, Oh J, Kang H, Ahn C, Namgung M, Kim CW, Kim W, Kim YS, Shin H, Lim TH. Association between Early Phase Serum Lactate Levels and Occurrence of Delayed Neuropsychiatric Sequelae in Adult Patients with Acute Carbon Monoxide Poisoning: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12040651. [PMID: 35455767 PMCID: PMC9028543 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12040651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary goal of treating carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is preventing or minimizing the development of delayed neuropsychiatric sequelae (DNS). Therefore, screening patients with a high probability for the occurrence of DNS at the earliest is essential. However, prognostic tools for predicting DNS are insufficient, and the usefulness of the lactate level as a predictor is unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the association between early phase serum lactate levels and the occurrence of DNS in adult patients with acute CO poisoning. Observational studies that included adult patients with CO poisoning and reported initial lactate concentrations were retrieved from the Embase, MEDLINE, Google Scholar and six domestic databases (KoreaMED, KMBASE, KISS, NDSL, KISTi and RISS) in January 2022. Lactate values were collected as continuous variables and analyzed using standardized mean differences (SMD) using a random-effect model. The risk of bias was evaluated using the Quality in Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) tool, and subgroup, sensitivity and meta regression analyses were performed. Eight studies involving a total of 1350 patients were included. The early phase serum lactate concentration was significantly higher in the DNS group than in the non-DNS group in adult patients with acute CO poisoning (8 studies; SMD, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.11−0.50; I2 = 44%; p = 0.002). The heterogeneity decreased to I2 = 8% in sensitivity analysis (omitting Han2021; 7 studies; SMD, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.23−0.53; I2 = 8%; p < 0.001). The risk of bias was assessed as high in five studies. The DNS group was associated with significantly higher lactate concentration than that in the non-DNS group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heekyung Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (H.L.); (J.O.); (H.S.); (T.H.L.)
| | - Jaehoon Oh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (H.L.); (J.O.); (H.S.); (T.H.L.)
| | - Hyunggoo Kang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (H.L.); (J.O.); (H.S.); (T.H.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2290-9829
| | - Chiwon Ahn
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (C.A.); (M.N.); (C.W.K.)
| | - Myeong Namgung
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (C.A.); (M.N.); (C.W.K.)
| | - Chan Woong Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (C.A.); (M.N.); (C.W.K.)
| | - Wonhee Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea;
| | - Young Seo Kim
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea;
| | - Hyungoo Shin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (H.L.); (J.O.); (H.S.); (T.H.L.)
| | - Tae Ho Lim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (H.L.); (J.O.); (H.S.); (T.H.L.)
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Ahn C, Oh J, Kim CW, Lee H, Lim TH, Kang H. Early neuroimaging and delayed neurological sequelae in carbon monoxide poisoning: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3529. [PMID: 35241701 PMCID: PMC8894334 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07191-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to assess the evidence regarding the usefulness of brain imaging as a diagnostic tool for delayed neurological sequelae (DNS) in patients with acute carbon monoxide poisoning (COP). Observational studies that included adult patients with COP and DNS were retrieved from Embase, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library databases in December 2020 and pooled using a random-effects model. Seventeen studies were systematically reviewed. Eight and seven studies on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT), respectively, underwent meta-analysis. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of MRI for diagnosis of DNS were 70.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] 64.8–76.3%, I2 = 0%) and 84.2% (95% CI 80.1–87.6%, I2 = 63%), respectively. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of CT were 72.9% (95% CI 62.5–81.3%, I2 = 8%) and 78.2% (95% CI 74.4–87.1%, I2 = 91%), respectively. The areas under the curve for MRI and CT were 0.81 (standard error, 0.08; Q* = 0.74) and 0.80 (standard error, 0.05, Q* = 0.74), respectively. The results indicate that detecting abnormal brain lesions using MRI or CT may assist in diagnosing DNS in acute COP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiwon Ahn
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehoon Oh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 222, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Woong Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heekyung Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 222, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Ho Lim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 222, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunggoo Kang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 222, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
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Manto MU. Cerebellotoxic Agents. HANDBOOK OF THE CEREBELLUM AND CEREBELLAR DISORDERS 2022:2363-2408. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-23810-0_96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Kaleemi R, Anwar SS, Ahmed A. Bilateral Cerebral Hemorrhagic Infarctions: An Early Presentation of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning. Cureus 2021; 13:e17772. [PMID: 34659983 PMCID: PMC8494245 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.17772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is one of the most common causes of morbidity secondary to accidental or intentional exposure. It is a potentially life-threatening disease. We present the case of a 23-year-old male patient who slept with a gas generator the whole night in a closed room. The next morning the patient presented to emergency with altered mentation. His Glasgow Coma Scale score was 8/15 on arrival. The patient had cerebral hemorrhages on presentation with diffuse cerebral hypoxic injury and bilateral globus pallidus signals. Hemorrhagic infarction in the brain is a rare presentation of CO poisoning and even rarer as an early manifestation of this disease. We present a case of bilateral posterior cerebral hemorrhagic infarctions with a diffuse hypoxic insult as an early presentation of CO poisoning in a young male, which to our knowledge has rarely been reported. Early imaging and prompt medical attention can be life-saving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raima Kaleemi
- Department of Radiology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, PAK
| | - Shayan S Anwar
- Department of Radiology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, PAK
| | - Anwar Ahmed
- Department of Radiology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, PAK
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Factors Predicting Acute Brain Injury in Cases of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning: A Prospective Registry-Based Study. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9060120. [PMID: 34071902 PMCID: PMC8229430 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9060120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) is one of the most common poisoning substances worldwide. Since acute brain injury (ABI) is an important determinant of the neurological outcome in CO poisoning, screening for patients at a high risk of developing ABI is essential for the proper treatment. This study identified predictors of ABI in patients with CO poisoning. This prospective registry-based study was conducted in patients who visited a tertiary care hospital for CO poisoning from August 2016 to June 2020. ABI was defined as the presence of acute hypoxic lesions on diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the predictors of ABI. Of 231 patients, 64 (27.7%) showed ABI. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score <9 at presentation (odds ratio [OR] 3.28, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08–10.01), creatinine level >1.2 mg/dL (OR 3.04, 95% CI 1.16–8.01), and C-reactive protein (CRP) level >9.2 mg/L (OR 4.38, 95% CI 1.41–13.65) predicted ABI in cases of acute CO poisoning. In CO poisoning, the GCS score at presentation, and serum creatinine and CRP levels, were useful predictors of ABI, and may help clinicians identify high-risk patients for whom treatment should be prioritized.
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Rutchik J, Bowler RM, Ratner MH. A rare case of Holmes tremor in a worker with occupational carbon monoxide poisoning. Am J Ind Med 2021; 64:435-449. [PMID: 33616228 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Parkinsonism and encephalopathy are frequently seen in patients who survive carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning. Neurological findings associated with CO poisoning can emerge immediately after cessation of exposure or following a brief period of pseudo-recovery. When present, the tremor associated with CO poisoning is typical of the postural/intention type. Here, we report on a rare case of toxic encephalopathy with a dominant-hand Holmes-type tremor, characterized by resting, as well as postural and kinetic/intentional components, in a previously healthy 53-year-old man exposed to CO while actively engaged in the process of performing a physically demanding skilled labor task. The unique neuropathological and functional changes that give rise to Holmes-type tremor and how this relates to the selective vulnerability of the inhibitory indirect pathway of the basal ganglia to glutamatergic excitotoxicity mediated by tissue hypoxia are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Rutchik
- Department of Medicine, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine University of California San Francisco San Francisco California USA
- Neurology, Environmental and Occupational Medicine Associates Mill Valley California USA
| | - Rosemarie M. Bowler
- Department of Psychology San Francisco State University San Francisco California USA
| | - Marcia H. Ratner
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Boston University School of Medicine Boston Massachusetts USA
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Sunil P, Animesh D. Amnesia Following Hot Water Bath from Gas Geyser. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2021; 23:823-824. [PMID: 33688142 PMCID: PMC7900747 DOI: 10.4103/aian.aian_310_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pradhan Sunil
- Department of Neurology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Das Animesh
- Department of Neurology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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20
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Gao Y, Gu H, Yang J, Yang L, Li Z, Zhang J. Prognosis of patients in prolonged coma after severe carbon monoxide poisoning. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:1355-1361. [PMID: 33641437 DOI: 10.1177/0960327121997992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Late recovery in patients following prolonged coma from carbon monoxide poisoning have been reported, but the probability is unclear. The purpose of this research was to assess the prognosis of patients in prolonged coma after severe carbon monoxide poisoning and related clinical and imaging features. METHODS There were 13 patients who had been in a state of coma for >7 days after acute carbon monoxide poisoning in the retrospective observational study, and demographic data, clinical data, laboratory data, complications, and image data were collected. Outcome was assessed by means of the Glasgow outcome scale after 1 year. The relationship between complications and imaging manifestations and prognosis was also analyzed. RESULTS One year after severe carbon monoxide poisoning, two patients (15.4%) had died (GOS 1), nine (69.2%) were in a persistent vegetative state (GOS 2), one (7.7%) was moderately disabled (GOS 4), and one (7.7%) achieved a good recovery (GOS 5) with minimal disability. CONCLUSIONS Most patients with prolonged coma after severe carbon monoxide poisoning had a poor prognosis, although the younger patients had a better prognosis. Respiratory failure, hypotension and renal failure during the course of the disease were associated with a poor prognosis. The prognosis of patients with injuries in two sites in early CT was poor. Multiple lesions (≥3) and extensive white matter damage (Fazekas grade (PVH or DWMH) = 3) on MRI of chronic phase were also associated with a poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Gao
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen Medicine, 74639Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - H Gu
- Department of Radiology, 74639Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - J Yang
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen Medicine, 74639Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - L Yang
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen Medicine, 74639Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Z Li
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen Medicine, 74639Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - J Zhang
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen Medicine, 74639Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Manto MU. Cerebellotoxic Agents. HANDBOOK OF THE CEREBELLUM AND CEREBELLAR DISORDERS 2021:1-46. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-97911-3_96-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Cerebral White Matter Lesions on Diffusion-Weighted Images and Delayed Neurological Sequelae after Carbon Monoxide Poisoning: A Prospective Observational Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10090698. [PMID: 32947848 PMCID: PMC7555258 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10090698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning can result in delayed neurological sequelae (DNS). Factors predicting DNS are still controversial. This study aims to determine whether acute brain lesions observed using diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) following acute CO poisoning are related to the subsequent development of DNS. Methods: This prospective study was conducted on patients with CO poisoning treated at a university hospital in Bucheon, Korea. From August 2016 to July 2019, a total of 283 patients visited the hospital because of CO poisoning. Exclusion criteria included age under 18 years, refusing hyperbaric oxygen therapy, refusing MRI, being discharged against medical advice, being lost to follow-up, having persistent neurological symptoms at discharge, and being transferred from another hospital 24 h after exposure. Results: Of the 154 patients included in the final study, acute brain lesions on MRI (ABLM) were observed in 49 patients (31.8%) and DNS occurred in 30 patients (19.5%). In a logistic regression analysis, lower Glasgow coma scale score and higher exposure time were associated with DNS, and the presence of ABLM in white matter was significantly associated with DNS (OR 6.741; 95% CI, 1.843–24.660; p = 0.004). Conclusion: The presence of ABLM in white matter was significantly related to the occurrence of DNS. Early prediction of the risk of developing DNS through MRI may be helpful in treating patients with CO poisoning.
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Mazo J, Mukhtar E, Mazo Y, Nagaraj A, Mantello MT. Delayed brain injury post carbon monoxide poisoning. Radiol Case Rep 2020; 15:1845-1848. [PMID: 32802244 PMCID: PMC7416690 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2020.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A 66-year-old male was found unresponsive and diagnosed with acute carbon monoxide poisoning, with pathognomonic findings on radiological imaging. During his first day's the patient underwent acute neurological deterioration; however, this was followed 2 weeks later with a subsequent improvement to near baseline. The improvement back to baseline was short-lived, and the patient quickly worsened and underwent neurological decompensation. These findings were consistent with delayed post hypoxic leukoencephalopathy, serious sequelae of carbon monoxide poisoning. This case report shows the importance of recognition of carbon monoxide toxicity and aims to improve accurate diagnosis of the sequelae that may follow using computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging sequences, magnetic resonance spectroscopy in order to prevent or ameliorate further neurological decline.
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Demirtaş E, Korkmaz İ, Tekin YK, Demirtaş E, Çaltekin İ. Assessment of serum glucose/potassium ratio as a predictor for delayed neuropsychiatric syndrome of carbon monoxide poisoning. Hum Exp Toxicol 2020; 40:207-213. [PMID: 32783475 DOI: 10.1177/0960327120945773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is a crucial cause of delayed neuropsychiatric syndrome (DNS). However, most biomarkers are not satisfactory for the prediction of DNS caused by CO poisoning. Thus, we evaluated the adequacy of the serum glucose/potassium (GLU/K) ratio, which may be an easy, quick, and readily available parameter that can be used in the emergency department for predicting DNS. METHODS We evaluated 281 patients who were admitted to our emergency department between January 2012 and December 2018. The patients were divided into two groups: DNS (+) and DNS (-). The GLU/K was compared for the groups. RESULTS Glucose, blood urea nitrogen, carboxyhemoglobin, and GLU/K ratios of patients in the DNS (+) group were statistically significantly higher than those patients in DNS (-) group (140 ± 34 vs. 110 ± 24, p < 0.001; 17.58 ± 6.14 vs. 14.27 ± 5.08, p = 0.003; 29 ± 5.1 vs. 18.9 ± 7.6, p < 0.001; and 38.35 ± 10.11 vs. 28.65 ± 6.53, p < 0.001, respectively). The area under the curve for GLU/K to predict DNS was measured as 0.791, and 35.9 as a cut-off value had 63.6% sensitivity and 89.6% specificity. CONCLUSIONS DNS development in CO poisoning is a serious and feared complication. We suggest that the GLU/K ratio has a high potential as a rapid, easy preliminary marker for the exclusion of patients who will not subsequently develop DNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Demirtaş
- Department of Emergency Medicine, 63986Faculty of Medicine, University of Sivas Cumhuriyet, Sivas, Turkey
| | - İ Korkmaz
- Department of Emergency Medicine, 63986Faculty of Medicine, University of Sivas Cumhuriyet, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Y K Tekin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, 63986Faculty of Medicine, University of Sivas Cumhuriyet, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Es Demirtaş
- Department of Family Medicine, 63986Faculty of Medicine, University of Sivas Cumhuriyet, Sivas, Turkey
| | - İ Çaltekin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, 485513Faculty of Medicine, University of Bozok, Yozgat, Turkey
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KAVAK N, DOĞAN B, SULTANOĞLU H, KAVAK RP, ÖZDEMİR M. Clinical and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings of Patients with Acute Carbon Monoxide Poisoning. KONURALP TIP DERGISI 2020. [DOI: 10.18521/ktd.735274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Abstract
Background Abnormal restricted diffusion on magnetic resonance imaging is often associated with ischemic stroke or anoxic injury, but other conditions can present similarly. We present six cases of an unusual but consistent pattern of restricted diffusion in bilateral hippocampi and cerebellar cortices. This pattern of injury is distinct from typical imaging findings in ischemic, anoxic, or toxic injury, suggesting it may represent an under-recognized clinicoradiographic syndrome. Despite initial presentation with stupor or coma in the context of obstructive hydrocephalus, patients may have acceptable outcomes if offered early intervention. Methods We identified an ad hoc series of patients at our two institutions between years 2014 and 2017 who presented to the neurocritical care unit with severe, otherwise unexplained cerebellar edema and retrospectively identified several commonalities in history, presentation, and imaging. Results Between two institutions, we identified six patients—ages 33–59 years, four male—with similar presentations of decreased level of consciousness in the context of intoxicant exposure, with acute cytotoxic edema of the cerebellar cortex, hippocampi, and aspects of the basal nuclei. All patients presented with severe cerebellar edema which led to obstructive hydrocephalus requiring aggressive medical and/or surgical management. The five patients who survived to discharge demonstrated variable degrees of physical and memory impairment on discharge and at follow-up. Conclusions We present findings of a potentially novel syndrome involving a distinct pattern of cerebellar and hippocampal restricted diffusion, with imaging and clinical characteristics distinct from ischemic stroke, hypoxic injury, and known toxidromes and leukoencephalopathies. Given the potential for favorable outcome despite early obstructive hydrocephalus, early identification and treatment of this syndrome are critical.
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Kim JH, Durey A, Han SB, Kim JH. Predictive factors for acute brain lesions on magnetic resonance imaging in acute carbon monoxide poisoning. Am J Emerg Med 2020; 38:1825-1830. [PMID: 32739852 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.05.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute brain lesions on diffusion-weighted-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after acute carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning were associated with delayed neurological sequelae. This study was conducted to identify the risk factors associated with acute brain lesions on MRI after acute CO poisoning and to help select patients who need acute-phase brain MRI after acute CO poisoning in the emergency department (ED). METHODS This retrospective observational study included 103 adult patients who were hospitalized at a tertiary-care hospital between November 2016 and September 2019 and underwent brain MRI because of acute CO poisoning. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was applied to identify predictive factors for acute brain lesions on MRI after acute CO poisoning. RESULTS Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of <9 at ED presentation (odds ratio [OR] 17.749, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.098-101.690, P = 0.001) and the initial troponin-I level at presentation in the ED (OR 13.657, 95% CI 1.415-131.834, P = 0.024) were predictive factors for acute brain lesions on MRI in acute CO poisoning. The receiver operating characteristics curve for initial troponin-I showed an area under the curve of 0.761 (95% CI 0.638-0.883, P < 0.001) and the optimal cutoff value was 0.105 ng/mL. CONCLUSIONS Acute-phase brain MRI in acute CO poisoning can be considered for patients who present at the ED with a GCS score <9 or troponin-I level >0.105 ng/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang Hyo Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Inha University, College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Areum Durey
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Inha University, College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Seung Baik Han
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Inha University, College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Ji Hye Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Inha University, College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea.
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Cebeci H, Durmaz MS, Arslan S, Arslan A, Tekin AF, Habibi HA, Koylu R. Diagnostic utility of arterial spin labeling in identifying changes in brain perfusion in patients with carbon monoxide poisoning. Clin Imaging 2020; 64:92-96. [PMID: 32388003 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2020.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is one of the most common poisonings worldwide. The affinity of hemoglobin for CO is significantly higher than that for oxygen, and the formation of carboxy-hemoglobin leads to a decrease in the capacity of blood to transport oxygen to tissues, tissue hypoxia, and early perfusion changes in the affected tissue. This study aimed to investigate the utility of arterial spin labeling perfusion imaging (ASL-PI) in revealing cerebral vascular hemodynamic changes in patients presenting to the emergency room with CO poisoning and to compare findings with those from diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). METHOD This study was conducted between November 2016 and May 2019 and was approved by the local ethics committee. DWI and ASL-PI examinations were performed in 83 patients who presented to the emergency room with CO poisoning. Four regions-the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, cerebral white matter, and cerebellum-were evaluated for alterations in perfusion and diffusion, and findings from DWI and ASL-PI were compared. RESULTS The study group included 39 (50.6%) females and 38 (49.4%) males, with a mean (±SD) age of 40.08 ± 20.41 years (range, 7-86 years). DWI revealed restricted diffusion in 10 regions in 6 (7.8%) patients, including the basal ganglia (n = 2), cerebral white matter (n = 2), cerebral cortex (n = 3), and the cerebellum (n = 3). ASL-PI revealed hypo-perfusion in 64 regions in 36 (46.8%) patients, including the basal ganglia (n = 21), cerebral white matter (n = 12), cerebral cortex (n = 23), and cerebellum (n = 7). CONCLUSION ASL-PI provided additional information when used to identify perfusion changes in the brains of individuals who experienced CO poisoning and was superior to DWI as it revealed early changes in the brain. Considering its limitations, ASL-PI can be routinely used with DWI in cases of CO poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Cebeci
- Department of Radiology, Selçuk University, Medical Faculty, Konya, Turkey.
| | | | - Serdar Arslan
- Departments of Radiology, Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Arslan
- Department of Underwater and Hyperbaric Medicine, University of Health Science, Konya Training and Research Hospital, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ali Fuat Tekin
- Department of Radiology, University of Health Sciences, Konya Training and Research Hospital, Konya, Turkey
| | - Hatice Arioz Habibi
- Departments of Radiology, Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ramazan Koylu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Konya Training and Research Hospital, Konya, Turkey
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Wu K, Liu M, Zhao G, He L, Tan Y. Altered regional homogeneity in delayed encephalopathy after carbon monoxide poisoning: A resting-state fMRI study. Neurosci Lett 2020; 729:135002. [PMID: 32334106 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate alternations in spontaneous brain activities reflected by regional homogeneity (ReHo) in patients with delayed encephalopathy after acute carbon monoxide poisoning (DEACMP) using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). METHODS Twenty-one patients with DEACMP and 21 age, sex and education matched healthy controls (HCs) received rs-fMRI scanning and clinical assessment. We used the ReHo method to analyze the interregional synchronized activity of all participants. Two sample t-tests were performed to compare the ReHo maps between the two groups. Pearson correlation analysis was then used to assess the correlations between clinical measures and abnormal ReHo in DEACMP patients. RESULTS Compared with HCs, DEACMP patients showed significantly decreased ReHo in bilateral cerebellum posterior lobe, pons, bilateral basal ganglia, while increased in the posterior cingulate, calcarine, bilateral occipital lobe(GRF correction, voxel P value <0.001, cluster P value <0.05). Negative correlation was found between Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) scores and the ReHo values of posterior cingulate gyrus (r = -0.672, p < 0.05) in the DEACMP group, while positively related to the time from CO poisoning to MRI scan (r = 0.428, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Patients with DEACMP exhibited altered ReHo in the multiple functional brain regions, which provide evidence for local brain dysfunctions and may help to understand the neuropathologic mechanism for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaifu Wu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Guoshu Zhao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Laichang He
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Yongming Tan
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi 330006, China.
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Joffe AR, Brin G, Farrow S. Unreliable Early Neuroprognostication After Severe Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Is Likely Due to Cytopathic Hypoxia: A Case Report and Discussion. J Child Neurol 2020; 35:111-115. [PMID: 31621482 DOI: 10.1177/0883073819879833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A 17-year-old girl was found unconscious in a running vehicle. She developed very severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (which was treated with rescue high-frequency oscillation), hemodynamic instability, acute kidney injury, rhabdomyolysis, and remained comatose with a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 3 and gasping respirations for 67 hours (when the Glasgow Coma Scale score improved to 6, with tachypnea to Paco 2 28 and pH 7.5). By 92 hours, she was obeying commands, and she was extubated at 96 hours, shortly after which she was conversing with family and texting on her phone. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan 6 days after being found showed subacute infarctions affecting the medial aspect of the globus pallidus bilaterally as well as a small cortical/subcortical infarction in the right parietal lobe. At a 7-week follow-up, she had no delayed-onset signs of brain injury. This case demonstrated that neurologic prognostication after carbon monoxide poisoning may be unreliable for more than 72 hours after injury. We discuss that it is possible that the mitochondrial dysfunction induced by carbon monoxide was responsible for a functional coma without irreversible brain injury, similar to the mechanism of cytopathic hypoxia in multiple-organ dysfunction that allows some other organ recovery without necrosis in survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari R Joffe
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stollery Children's Hospital and University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Geoff Brin
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stollery Children's Hospital and University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sarah Farrow
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stollery Children's Hospital and University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Hafez AS, El-Sarnagawy GN. S-100β in predicting the need of hyperbaric oxygen in CO-induced delayed neurological sequels. Hum Exp Toxicol 2019; 39:614-623. [PMID: 31885284 DOI: 10.1177/0960327119897104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delayed neurological sequels (DNS) have been described after carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning. There is a need to find a new prognostic marker to guide the use of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy. AIM To evaluate serum S-100β level in patients presenting with acute CO poisoning as an indicator of poisoning severity and predictor of DNS occurrence and HBO need in those patients. METHODS This prospective cohort study included patients with acute CO poisoning. On admission, carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) and S-100β levels were measured. Patients were followed up for 6 months for signs of DNS. RESULTS Out of 50 patients, 6 only developed DNS. The mean of S-100β levels was significantly higher in patients with severe poisoning and those with DNS. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that S-100β had an area under the curve 0. 871; at a cutoff value ≥ 0.67 µg/L, its sensitivity and specificity were 100% and 77.3%, respectively. The sensitivity of S-100β was significantly higher than that of COHb, while its specificity and overall accuracy were significantly higher than those of HBO criteria. CONCLUSION Serum S-100β level on admission could be a marker of poisoning severity and a predictor of CO-induced DNS development that guides the use of HBO therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Saf Hafez
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Tanta Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Gharbia, Egypt
| | - Ghada N El-Sarnagawy
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Tanta Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Gharbia, Egypt
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Ku CH, Huang WH, Hsu CW, Chen YC, Hou YC, Wang IK, Hong HH, Wang YL, Weng CH, Yen TH. Incidence Rate and Predictors of Globus Pallidus Necrosis after Charcoal Burning Suicide. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16224426. [PMID: 31718107 PMCID: PMC6888208 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16224426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Objective: This study examined predictors of globus pallidus necrosis as there was a paucity of literature of globus pallidus necrosis resulted from carbon monoxide poisoning after charcoal burning suicide. Methods: A total of 67 patients who had attempted charcoal burning suicide were recruited and stratified into two subgroups based on either presence (n = 40) or absence (n = 27) of globus pallidus necrosis. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and radiographic data were obtained for cross-sectional analysis. All patients were followed to investigate the risks for mortality. Results: The patients aged 36.8 ± 11.1 years (67.2%) were male. Patients with globus pallidus necrosis were younger (p = 0.044) and had less hypertension (p = 0.015) than patients without globus pallidus necrosis. Furthermore, patients with globus pallidus necrosis suffered from severer medical complications, i.e., fever (p = 0.008), acute myocardial injury (p = 0.022), acute rhabdomyolysis (p = 0.022), and neuropsychiatric symptoms (p < 0.001) than patients without globus pallidus necrosis. Moreover, patients with globus pallidus necrosis received less hyperbaric oxygen therapy than without necrosis (p = 0.024). Two patients (3.0%) died on arrival. In a multivariable regression model, it was revealed that acute myocardial injury (odds ratio 4.6, confidence interval 1.1–18.9, p = 0.034) and neuropsychiatric symptoms (odds ratio 8.0, confidence interval 2.0–31.4, p = 0.003), decreased blood bicarbonate level (odds ratio 0.8, confidence interval 0.7–1.0, p = 0.032), and younger age (odds ratio 0.9, confidence interval 0.9–1.0, p = 0.038) were significant predictors for globus pallidus necrosis. Conclusion: Although patients who had attempted charcoal burning suicide had a low mortality rate (3.0%), globus pallidus necrosis was not uncommon (59.7%) in this population. Further studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Hsuan Ku
- Department of Nephrology, Clinical Poison Center, Kidney Research Center, Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Linkou 333, Taiwan; (C.-H.K.); (W.-H.H.); (C.-W.H.)
| | - Wen-Hung Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Clinical Poison Center, Kidney Research Center, Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Linkou 333, Taiwan; (C.-H.K.); (W.-H.H.); (C.-W.H.)
| | - Ching-Wei Hsu
- Department of Nephrology, Clinical Poison Center, Kidney Research Center, Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Linkou 333, Taiwan; (C.-H.K.); (W.-H.H.); (C.-W.H.)
| | - Yu-Chin Chen
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tuscon, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Yi-Chou Hou
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardinal Tien Hospital, School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 23155, Taiwan;
| | - I-Kuan Wang
- Department of Nephrology, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
| | - Hsiang-Hsi Hong
- Department of Periodontics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Linkou 333, Taiwan;
| | - Yen-Li Wang
- Department of Periodontics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Cheng-Hao Weng
- Department of Nephrology, Clinical Poison Center, Kidney Research Center, Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Linkou 333, Taiwan; (C.-H.K.); (W.-H.H.); (C.-W.H.)
- Correspondence: (C.-H.W.); (T.-H.Y.); Tel.: +886-3-3281200 (ext. 8181) (C.-H.W. & T.-H.Y.); Fax: +886-3-3282173 (C.-H.W. & T.-H.Y.)
| | - Tzung-Hai Yen
- Department of Nephrology, Clinical Poison Center, Kidney Research Center, Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Linkou 333, Taiwan; (C.-H.K.); (W.-H.H.); (C.-W.H.)
- Correspondence: (C.-H.W.); (T.-H.Y.); Tel.: +886-3-3281200 (ext. 8181) (C.-H.W. & T.-H.Y.); Fax: +886-3-3282173 (C.-H.W. & T.-H.Y.)
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Jain IH, Zazzeron L, Goldberger O, Marutani E, Wojtkiewicz GR, Ast T, Wang H, Schleifer G, Stepanova A, Brepoels K, Schoonjans L, Carmeliet P, Galkin A, Ichinose F, Zapol WM, Mootha VK. Leigh Syndrome Mouse Model Can Be Rescued by Interventions that Normalize Brain Hyperoxia, but Not HIF Activation. Cell Metab 2019; 30:824-832.e3. [PMID: 31402314 PMCID: PMC6903907 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Leigh syndrome is a devastating mitochondrial disease for which there are no proven therapies. We previously showed that breathing chronic, continuous hypoxia can prevent and even reverse neurological disease in the Ndufs4 knockout (KO) mouse model of complex I (CI) deficiency and Leigh syndrome. Here, we show that genetic activation of the hypoxia-inducible factor transcriptional program via any of four different strategies is insufficient to rescue disease. Rather, we observe an age-dependent decline in whole-body oxygen consumption. These mice exhibit brain tissue hyperoxia, which is normalized by hypoxic breathing. Alternative experimental strategies to reduce oxygen delivery, including breathing carbon monoxide (600 ppm in air) or severe anemia, can reverse neurological disease. Therefore, unused oxygen is the most likely culprit in the pathology of this disease. While pharmacologic activation of the hypoxia response is unlikely to alleviate disease in vivo, interventions that safely normalize brain tissue hyperoxia may hold therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha H Jain
- Department of Molecular Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Luca Zazzeron
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Olga Goldberger
- Department of Molecular Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Eizo Marutani
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gregory R Wojtkiewicz
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tslil Ast
- Department of Molecular Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Grigorij Schleifer
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anna Stepanova
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kathleen Brepoels
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB-KU Leuven, Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luc Schoonjans
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB-KU Leuven, Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB-KU Leuven, Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alexander Galkin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fumito Ichinose
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Warren M Zapol
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Vamsi K Mootha
- Department of Molecular Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Jeon SB, Sohn CH, Seo DW, Oh BJ, Lim KS, Kang DW, Kim WY. Acute Brain Lesions on Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Delayed Neurological Sequelae in Carbon Monoxide Poisoning. JAMA Neurol 2019; 75:436-443. [PMID: 29379952 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2017.4618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Importance Preventing delayed neurological sequelae is a major goal of treating acute carbon monoxide poisoning, but to our knowledge there are no reliable tools for assessing the probability of these sequelae. Objectives To determine whether acute brain lesions on diffusion-weighted imaging are related to subsequent development of delayed neurological sequelae after acute carbon monoxide poisoning. Design, Setting, and Participants This registry-based observational study was conducted at a university hospital in Seoul, Korea, between April 1, 2011, and December 31, 2015. Of 700 patients (aged ≥18 years) with acute carbon monoxide poisoning, 433 patients (61.9%) who underwent diffusion-weighted imaging at an emergency department were considered for the study. Patients who developed cardiac arrest before diffusion-weighted imaging (n = 3), had persistent neurological symptoms at discharge (n = 8), committed suicide soon after discharge (n = 1), and were lost to follow-up (n = 34) were excluded. Exposure The presence of unambiguous, high-signal-intensity, acute brain lesions on diffusion-weighted imaging (b = 1000 s/mm2). Main Outcomes and Measures Development of delayed neurological sequelae defined as any neurological symptoms or signs that newly developed within 6 weeks of discharge. Results Of the 387 included patients (143 women [37.0%]; median age, 42.0 years [interquartile range, 32.0-56.0 years]), acute brain lesions on diffusion-weighted imaging were observed in 104 patients (26.9%). Among these, 77 patients (19.9%) had globus pallidus lesions, 13 (3.4%) had diffuse lesions, and 57 (14.7%) had focal lesions (37 patients [9.6%] had >1 pattern concurrently). Lesions were supratentorial and infratentorial in 101 and 23 patients, respectively. Delayed neurological sequelae occurred in 101 patients (26.1%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that the presence of acute brain lesions was independently associated with development of delayed neurological sequelae (adjusted odds ratio, 13.93; 95% CI, 7.16-27.11; P < .001). The sensitivity and specificity of acute brain lesions to assess the probability of delayed neurological sequelae were 75.2% (95% CI, 66.8%-83.7%) and 90.2% (95% CI, 86.8%-93.7%), respectively. In addition, the positive and negative predictive values were 73.1% (95% CI, 64.6%-81.6%) and 91.2% (95% CI, 87.9%-94.5%), respectively. Conclusions and Relevance The presence of acute brain lesions was significantly associated with the development of delayed neurological sequelae. Diffusion-weighted imaging during the acute phase of carbon monoxide poisoning may therefore help identify patients at risk of developing these debilitating sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Beom Jeon
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Hwan Sohn
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Woo Seo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bum Jin Oh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung Soo Lim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Wha Kang
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Young Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Koksel Y, Ozutemiz C, Rykken J, Ott F, Cayci Z, Oswood M, McKinney AM. "CHOICES": An acronym to aid in delineating potential causes of non-metabolic, non-infectious acute toxic leukoencephalopathy. Eur J Radiol Open 2019; 6:243-257. [PMID: 31309133 PMCID: PMC6607360 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejro.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recognition the etiologies of ATL is important due to its potentially reversible nature after treatment or removal of the toxin. “CHOICES” is useful to memorize etiologies associated with PVWM injury in non-metabolic and non-infectious ATL patients. Reduced diffusion is an early and important imaging finding to evaluate patients with non-metabolic and non-infectious ATL patients.
Purpose To describe non-metabolic, non-infectious etiologies of acute toxic leukoencephalopathy (ATL) on DWI MRI, and provide a useful acronym to remember them. Material and Methods Our PACS archive was reviewed, yielding 185 patients with suspected ATL per MRI reports and clinical follow up; infectious or metabolic causes were excluded. Result/Discussion The 87 included non-infectious, non-metabolic ATL patients' etiologies are represented by the acronym 'CHOICES': chemotherapy ('C',n = 34); heroin-induced ('H',n = 6), opioid analogues ('O',n = 14); immunosuppressant ('I',n = 11) or imidazole (n = 2); cocaine ('C',n = 1); environmental or ethanol abuse ('E',n = 5), splenial lesions ('S',n = 9), and 'other' (n = 5). Conclusion The "CHOICES" acronym delineates various toxic etiologies of ATL.
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Key Words
- ADEM, Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis
- AEDs, Anti-epileptic drugs
- AHE, Acute Hepatic/Hyperammonemic Encephalopathy
- AHL, Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis
- ATL, Acute toxic leukoencephalopathy
- Acute toxic leukoencephalopathy
- CO, Carbon monoxide
- Diffusion-Weighted imaging
- EPM, Extrapontine myelinolysis
- EtOH, Ethanol
- HIE, Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy
- LE, leukoencephalopathy
- MBD, Marchiafava-Bignami Disease
- MERS, Mild encephalitis/encephalopathy with reversible splenial lesion
- NAWM, Normal-appearing white matter
- ODS, Osmotic demyelination syndrome
- PML, Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
- PRES, Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome
- PVWM, Periventricular white matter
- Periventricular white matter
- RIS, Radiology information system
- RSL, Reversible splenial lesions
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasemin Koksel
- Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, University of Minnesota Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Can Ozutemiz
- Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, University of Minnesota Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jeffrey Rykken
- Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, University of Minnesota Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Frederick Ott
- Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, University of Minnesota Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Zuzan Cayci
- Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, University of Minnesota Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Mark Oswood
- Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology Hennepin Healthcare Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Alexander M McKinney
- Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, University of Minnesota Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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A Case of Carbon Monoxide-Induced Delayed Neurological Sequelae Successfully Treated with Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy, N-Acetylcysteine, and Glucocorticoids: Clinical and Neuroimaging Follow-Up. Case Rep Neurol Med 2019; 2019:9360542. [PMID: 31223509 PMCID: PMC6541979 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9360542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is a leading cause of intentional and unintentional poisoning worldwide, associated with mortality and severe morbidity. Some survivors of CO poisoning develop, after a lucid interval, a potentially permanent encephalopathy in the form of cognitive impairment and movement disorders, such as Parkinsonism. One of the most frequent neuroimaging findings is a cerebral white matter damage, but so far its precise cause and specific therapy are still debated. We here report the case of a 33-year-old woman with severe carbon monoxide poisoning who, after a period of lucid interval, presented symptoms of declining motor and cognitive functions. She was treated with 40 sessions of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT). The therapeutic use of oxygen at supraphysiological pressures might either increase systemic oxidative stress or cause an overproduction of oxygen free radicals as drawbacks. Concurrent use of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory drugs may prevent the side effects of oxygen therapy at supraphysiological pressure due to oxidative stress. For this reason, the patient was also treated with high-dose N-Acetylcysteine and glucocorticoids. Here, we describe the longitudinal monitoring of patient's cognitive abilities and leukoencephalopathy associated with her positive clinical outcome.
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Kumarihamy P, Kularatne SAM, Pathirage M, Gunaratne WMSN, Waduge R. A case of delayed neurological manifestation following carbon monoxide poisoning in Sri Lanka: epidemiology of exposure and literature review. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2019; 20:17. [PMID: 30953563 PMCID: PMC6451287 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-019-0295-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbon monoxide poisoning is a common emergency worldwide, which carries high morbidity and mortality. Some patients who recover from the insult of acute carbon monoxide toxicity may later develop delayed neuropsychiatric sequelae (DNS) after a lucid period in the form of cognitive impairments, a broad spectrum of neurological deficits and affective disorders. Here, we present the first case of DNS following carbon monoxide poisoning in Sri Lanka and epidemiology of the exposure of nine (9) more victims. CASE PRESENTATION A 55-year-old patient and nine other people developed effects of carbon monoxide poisoning in two different occasions after sleeping few hours in the same room in their work place in Sri Lanka. These patients developed spectrum of symptoms with the acute carbon monoxide poisoning. However, one patient developed neurological deterioration pertaining to delayed neuropsychiatric sequelae (DNS) after 1 month of lucid interval. His MRI scan of the brain showed diffuse high signal intensity involving subcortical white matter, globus pallidus on FLAIR and T2W images. These areas showed high signals in DWI images with no significant changes appreciated on ADC map. There was no abnormal contrast enhancement appreciated in the above areas. EEG showed generalized slow waves. He gradually deteriorated over next 2 weeks, exhibited athetoid movements of his feet and hands and went into rigid akinetic mute state. He could not response to any stimulation and even displayed decorticated-like posture and died. Others had normal MRI brain finding at 8 weeks of acute toxicity and all were neurologically normal after 1 year. CONCLUSION Though, it is uncommon in a tropical country like Sri Lanka, clinicians should have high degree of suspicion with the correct circumstances, as it is a challenge for the emergency physicians, even in countries with higher rate of CO poisoning. The exact mechanisms of acute and delayed toxicity, preventive methods and the suggested treatments are yet to be elucidated and this needs further attention and studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhashini Kumarihamy
- Senior Registrar in Medicine, University Medical Unit, Teaching Hospital Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.
| | | | - Manoji Pathirage
- Consultant Physician & Senior Lecturer, Department of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Roshita Waduge
- Associate Professor, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
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Du X, Gu H, Hao F, Gao L, Wang J, Sun C, Zhang H, Ma P, Zhang X, Hu W. Utility of brain CT for predicting delayed encephalopathy after acute carbon monoxide poisoning. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:2682-2688. [PMID: 30930970 PMCID: PMC6425274 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Delayed encephalopathy after acute carbon monoxide poisoning (DEACMP) is a serious complication that occurs several days or weeks after carbon monoxide (CO) intoxication. This study identified computed tomography (CT) findings in the prediction of DEACMP development. Adults with CO poisoning admitted to Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Shenyang Ninth People's Hospital, Shanxi Second People's Hospital and Shandong Provincial Hospital in China from January 2013 to January 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics were extracted from the medical records. Brain CT imaging was carried out within 24 h of admission, and an integrated CT score was calculated to semi-quantify lesion severity. Patients were followed-up for 6 months. Baseline characteristics and CT findings were compared among patients who developed DEACMP (DEACMP group) and those who did not (non-DEACMP group). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to examine the utility of integrated CT score for predicting DEACMP. Among the 123 patients included in the analysis, 27 (22.0%) developed DEACMP. The DEACMP and non-DEACMP groups did not differ with regard to age, sex and carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) level at admission. However, compared with the non-DEACMP group, the patients in the DEACMP group had longer onset time of symptoms and duration of exposure to CO, higher acute physiology and chronic health evaluation-II (APACHE-II) score, lower Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, and there was a higher proportion of patients with severe symptoms and brain CT abnormalities (81.5 vs. 51.0%; P<0.05). Integrated CT score in the DEACMP group was significantly higher than that in the non-DEACMP group (73.63 vs. 51.39; P<0.01). ROC curve was used to analyze the utility of integrated CT score in the prediction of DEACMP. The area under the ROC curve was 0.700 (95% confidence interval, 0.584–0.817; P<0.01). In conclusion, brain integrated CT score has the potential to identify DEACMP in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuqin Du
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Hua Gu
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Fengtong Hao
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Lin Gao
- Shenyang Ninth People's Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning 110024, P.R. China
| | - Jianru Wang
- Shanxi Second People's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030012, P.R. China
| | - Chengye Sun
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Hongshun Zhang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Peibin Ma
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Xingguo Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Wenli Hu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
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Kim Y, Sohn CH, Seo DW, Oh BJ, Lim KS, Kim WY. Clinical Predictors of Acute Brain Injury in Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Patients With Altered Mental Status at Admission to Emergency Department. Acad Emerg Med 2019; 26:60-67. [PMID: 29953694 DOI: 10.1111/acem.13510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Objective screening tool for patients at a high risk of developing acute brain injury (ABI) is necessary for the proper treatment of carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning patients. The aim of this study is to identify clinical factors that could predict ABI due to CO poisoning in patients with an altered mental status. METHODS A prospectively collected CO poisoning registry at a single academic medical center was retrospectively analyzed. CO poisoning patients with an altered mental status at the emergency department, defined as unalert on the alert/responsive to voice/responsive to pain/unresponsive scale and underwent diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2015, were included. ABI was defined as the presence of acute hypoxic brain lesions. Clinical predictors of ABI were identified by multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Of 180 patients, 67 (37.2%) had ABI as revealed by DW-MRI. Multivariate analysis showed that CO exposure duration > 5 hours (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 7.082; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.463-15.014; p < 0.001) defined as the time between CO exposure and rescue, abnormal white blood cell count (AOR = 2.568, 95% CI = 1.188-5.700, p = 0.02), and abnormal creatinine concentration (AOR = 2.667, 95% CI = 1.110-6.605, p = 0.03) were predictors of ABI. CO exposure duration had the highest predictive value (area under the curve, 0.815), and the optimal cutoff value was 5 hours. Moreover, increasing exposure durations (quartile) indicated a stepwise increase in the risk of ABI. CONCLUSIONS In CO poisoning patients with an altered mental status, CO exposure duration was useful for predicting ABI, which may help clinicians or paramedics identify high-risk patients and provide treatment on priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn‐Jung Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine University of Ulsan College of Medicine Asan Medical Center Seoul Korea
| | - Chang Hwan Sohn
- Department of Emergency Medicine University of Ulsan College of Medicine Asan Medical Center Seoul Korea
| | - Dong Woo Seo
- Department of Emergency Medicine University of Ulsan College of Medicine Asan Medical Center Seoul Korea
| | - Bum Jin Oh
- Department of Emergency Medicine University of Ulsan College of Medicine Asan Medical Center Seoul Korea
| | - Kyoung Soo Lim
- Department of Emergency Medicine University of Ulsan College of Medicine Asan Medical Center Seoul Korea
| | - Won Young Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine University of Ulsan College of Medicine Asan Medical Center Seoul Korea
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Bol O, Koyuncu S, Günay N. Prevalence of hidden carbon monoxide poisoning in auto service workers; a prospective cohort study. J Occup Med Toxicol 2018; 13:35. [PMID: 30450122 PMCID: PMC6219102 DOI: 10.1186/s12995-018-0214-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Carbon monoxide (CO) is formed as a result of the incomplete burning of hydrocarbon-containing fuels such as natural gas, coal, liquid petroleum gas, and wood. CO is a colorless, odorless, and poisonous gas that produces various acute and chronic effects in CO-exposed people. In this study, we aimed to measure CO levels in auto care repairmen with chronic CO-related illnesses using a serial, non-invasive method. A prospective cohort study. Methods A total of 99 people from six different auto-repair services were included in the study. Carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) levels were measured at four different times with 2-hour intervals starting at 08:00 AM. Data concerning employees’ ages, working hours, smoking statuses, and types of home heating fuel were collected. A control group of 100 cases was created based on this data. The measurements were done on the control group in the morning with a Masimo Rad-57 CO-oximeter. Results The highest mean (± SD) COHb value was 7.04% ± 3.32% after the third measurement. The mean value for the control group was 1.61% ± 1.43%. A statistically significant difference between the groups was found for each value. Discussion We determined that the risk of being affected by CO is high in buildings in which the auto services were located. The effects of chronic or prolonged exposure to low amounts of CO were found to be ambiguous. However, in some studies, it was found that low-grade CO exposure could lead to coronary artery disease and some neurological complications. Therefore, it is necessary to be careful about the health of employees who have been exposed to CO. Conclusions We concluded that there is a need for more detailed studies concerning chronic CO poisoning. Also, in workplaces in which there is high exposure to CO, proper workplace safety measures should be taken to reduce this gas’s harmful effects to employees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oğuzhan Bol
- Health Science University Kayseri Training and Research Hospital Emergency Medicine Department, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Serhat Koyuncu
- 2Gaziosmanpasa University Emergency Medicine, Tokat, Turkey
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Tambasco N, Romoli M, Calabresi P. Selective basal ganglia vulnerability to energy deprivation: Experimental and clinical evidences. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 169:55-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Predictive Role of QTc Prolongation in Carbon Monoxide Poisoning-Related Delayed Neuropsychiatric Sequelae. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:2543018. [PMID: 30356348 PMCID: PMC6176310 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2543018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Objective Delayed neuropsychiatric sequelae (DNS) are serious complications of carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning that adversely affect poisoned patients' quality of life as well as socioeconomic status. This study aimed to determine clinical predictors of DNS in patients with CO poisoning. Methods This retrospective study included all CO-poisoned patients admitted to the emergency department (ED) of Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital in Taiwan from 1 January 2009 to 31 December 2015. The medical records of all patients with CO poisoning were carefully reviewed, and relevant data were abstracted into a standardised form. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify predictors of DNS after CO poisoning. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine the ideal cut-off value for continuous variables that predict the development of DNS. Results A total of 760 patients with CO poisoning were identified during the study period. Among them, 466 were eligible for the analysis of predictors of DNS. In multivariate analysis, Glasgow Coma Scale <9 (odds ratio [OR], 2.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.21-6.21), transient loss of consciousness (OR, 3.59; 95% CI, 1.31-9.79), longer duration from CO exposure to ED presentation (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.03-1.08), and corrected QT (QTc) prolongation (OR, 2.61; 95% CI, 1.21-5.61) were found to be associated with a higher risk of DNS. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for QTc interval measured within 6 h after exposure best predicted the development of DNS, with a result of 0.729 (95% CI 0.660-0.791). Moreover, the best cut-off value of the QTc interval was 471 ms, with a sensitivity of 53.3% and a specificity of 85.1%. Conclusions We identified several potential predictors of DNS following CO poisoning. Among them, QTc prolongation found within 6 h after exposure is a novel predictor of DNS, which may be helpful in the future care of patients with CO poisoning.
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Chou MC, Lai PH, Li JY. Early white matter injuries associated with dopamine transporter dysfunction in patients with acute CO intoxication: A diffusion kurtosis imaging and Tc-99m TRODAT-1 SPECT study. Eur Radiol 2018; 29:1375-1383. [PMID: 30143836 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-018-5673-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with CO intoxication were demonstrated to exhibit white matter (WM) injuries, changes in substantia nigra, dopamine transporter dysfunctions of striatum and Parkinsonism symptoms. We aimed to investigate the relationship between WM injuries of dopaminergic pathways and dopamine transporter dysfunctions of the striatum in patients with acute CO intoxication using both diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) and single photon-emission computed tomography (SPECT). MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventeen patients with acute CO intoxication and 19 age- and gender-matched healthy subjects were enrolled. DKI data were acquired from all participants and Tc-99m-TRODAT-1 SPECT scan was performed on each patient. DKI datasets were fitted to obtain axial, radial and mean diffusivity, fractional anisotropy, axial, radial and mean kurtosis for voxel-based comparison. In addition, the TRODAT-1 binding ratio of the striatum was calculated using the occipital cortices as a reference. In significant regions, correlational analysis was performed to understand the relationship between DKI indices and TRODAT-1 binding ratio. RESULTS The results showed that DKI indices were significantly altered in multiple WM regions broadly involving the basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuit and nigrostriatal pathway. The correlation analysis further revealed significant correlations between DKI indices and the TRODAT-1 binding ratio in the nigrostriatal pathway (absolute correlation coefficients ranged from 0.5992 to 0.6950, p<0.05), suggesting that CO-induced early WM injuries were associated with dopamine transporter dysfunctions of striatum. CONCLUSION We concluded that DKI and Tc-99m-TRODAT-1 SPECT scans were helpful in early detection of global WM injuries associated with dysfunctions of dopamine transporter in patients with acute CO intoxication. KEY POINTS • Voxel-based diffusion kurtosis imaging analysis was helpful in globally detecting early white matter injuries in patients with acute CO intoxication. • CO-induced early white matter injuries were broadly located in basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuit and nigrostriatal pathway. • Early white matter injuries in dopaminergic pathways were significantly correlated with dopamine transporter dysfunctions of the striatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chung Chou
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Healthcare Administration and Medical Informatics, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Hong Lai
- Department of Radiology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jie-Yuan Li
- Department of Neurology, E-Da Hospital, No. 1, E-Da Road, Jiao-Su Village, Yan-Chao District, Kaohsiung City, 824, Taiwan. .,School of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Department of Nursing, Yuh-Ing Junior College of Health Care and Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Sung EK, Farris C, Abdalkader M, Mian A. Acute Neurologic Syndromes Beyond Stroke. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 2018; 28:375-395. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nic.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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45
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Imaging the Unconscious “Found Down” Patient in the Emergency Department. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 2018; 28:435-451. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nic.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Jung JW, Lee JH. Serum lactate as a predictor of neurologic outcome in ED patients with acute carbon monoxide poisoning. Am J Emerg Med 2018; 37:823-827. [PMID: 30154025 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2018.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was conducted to assess and clarify the predictive risk factor of neurologic outcome in patients with acute carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning. METHODS A total of 453 patients with acute CO poisoning were admitted to the emergency department of Samsung Changwon Hospital from January 2010 to June 2017. Patients with acute CO poisoning who were followed for >6 months were studied. Initial Glasgow Coma Score (GCS), serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and lactate were measured after emergency department arrival. Patients were divided into two groups (good vs poor neurologic outcome). RESULTS A total of 432 patients (median age: 55 years, range: 17-91 years) were enrolled. There was a statistical difference between the good neurologic outcome group and the poor neurologic outcome group in terms of Exposure time, WBC, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), CK-MB, Troponin-I, creatinine kinase, NSE, lactate, CO-Hb, and GCS. NSE, lactate, and GCS were the early predictors of development of poor neurologic outcome. The areas under the curve in the ROC curve analysis for the GCS, NSE, and lactate were 0.842, 0.795, and 0.894, respectively. CONCLUSION Initial serum lactate level may correlate with the patient neurologic outcomes and prove to be a useful prognostic factor. Also NSE, and GCS might be a useful additional parameters that could predict the neurologic outcome on acute CO poisoned patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Woo Jung
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Ho Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Republic of Korea.
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Kim HH, Choi SC, Chae MK, Min YG. Neuroprotective effect of ethanol in acute carbon monoxide intoxication: A retrospective study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e9569. [PMID: 29505539 PMCID: PMC5943126 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000009569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In acute carbon monoxide (CO) intoxication, treatment of neurologic injury and prevention of neurological sequelae are primary concerns. Ethanol is the one of the frequent substances which is co-ingested in intentional CO poisoning. Neuroprotective effect of ethanol was highlighted and demonstrated in isolated brain injury recently. We assessed the neuroprotective effect of ethanol in acute CO intoxication using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).We retrospectively reviewed medical records for patients who visited an emergency medical center of a university-affiliated hospital during a period of 73 months, from March 2009 to April 2015. Enrolled patients were divided into 2 groups, patients with or without abnormal brain lesion in brain MRI. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the factors associated with brain injury in MRI.A total of 109 patients with acute CO intoxication were evaluated of which 66 (60.55%) tested positive in brain MRI. MRI lesion-positive patients were more likely to have electrocardiogram change, elevation of serum troponin I and s100 protein level and lower serum ethanol level. Serum ethanol positivity was an independent factor for prevalence of brain injury in MRI in acute CO poisoning.This study revealed that ethanol which is co-ingested in acute CO intoxication may work the neuroprotective effect and could consequence more favorable neurological outcome in acute CO intoxication.
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Li HM, Shi YL, Wen D, Luo HM, Lin X, Xiao F. A novel effective chemical hemin for the treatment of acute carbon monoxide poisoning in mice. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:5186-5192. [PMID: 29201235 PMCID: PMC5704266 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
There is no effective drug for the therapy of acute carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the potential preventive and therapeutic effects of hemin on an animal model of acute CO poisoning and to provide a potential therapeutic candidate drug. A total of 80 Kunming mice were randomly divided into four groups, namely the air control, acute CO poisoning, hemin-treatment + CO and hemin-pretreatment + CO groups (n=20 each). Furthermore, the mortality rate of mice, blood carboxyhaemoglobin (HbCO) concentration and serum malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration were measured, and pathological changes of the hippocampal area were determined using histochemical staining. The mice with acute CO poisoning had a 50% mortality rate at 1 h, with an increase in blood HbCO, serum MDA levels and pathological impairments of the hippocampus. Furthermore, the mortality rate, blood HbCO and serum MDA levels of mice with pretreatment and treatment of hemin were decreased. Additionally, the pathological changes of the hippocampal area were improved in the hemin-treatment and hemin-pretreatment groups compared with the mice treated with CO. These results suggest that hemin is a novel effective chemical for the prevention and treatment of acute CO poisoning in mice. Therefore, the present study provides a novel method and experimental basis for the application of hemin in treating patients with acute CO poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Min Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China.,International School of Clinical Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Lu Shi
- International School of Clinical Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Di Wen
- International School of Clinical Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Huan-Min Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Xi Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China.,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Fei Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China.,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
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Kim YS, Cha YS, Kim MS, Kim HJ, Lee YS, Youk H, Kim HI, Kim OH, Cha KC, Kim H, Lee KH, Hwang SO. The usefulness of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging performed in the acute phase as an early predictor of delayed neuropsychiatric sequelae in acute carbon monoxide poisoning. Hum Exp Toxicol 2017; 37:587-595. [PMID: 28812367 DOI: 10.1177/0960327117722821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Delayed onset of neuropsychiatric symptoms after apparent recovery from acute carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning has been described as delayed neuropsychiatric sequelae (DNS). No previous study has determined whether early use of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) can predict which patients will develop DNS in the acute CO poisoning. This retrospective observational study was performed on adult patients with acute CO poisoning consecutively treated over a 17-month period. All included patients with acute CO poisoning underwent DWI to evaluate brain injury within 72 h after CO exposure. DWI was evaluated as follows: (1) presence of pathology, (2) number of pathologies, (3) asymmetry, and (4) location of pathology. Patients were divided into two groups. The DNS group was composed of patients with delayed sequelae, while the non-DNS group included patients with no sequelae. A total of 102 patients with acute CO poisoning were finally enrolled in this study. DNS developed in 10 patients (9.8%). Between the DNS group and the non-DNS group, presence of pathology on DWI and initial Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) showed significant difference. There was also a statistical difference between the non-DNS group and DNS group in terms of CO exposure time, troponin I, rhabdomyolysis, acute kidney injury, and pneumonia. The presence of pathology in DWI and initial GCS (cutoff: <12) at the emergency department served as an early predictors of DNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Kim
- 1 Department of Emergency Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Y S Cha
- 1 Department of Emergency Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - M S Kim
- 2 Department of Radiology, Yonsei University, Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - H J Kim
- 2 Department of Radiology, Yonsei University, Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Y S Lee
- 1 Department of Emergency Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - H Youk
- 1 Department of Emergency Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - H I Kim
- 1 Department of Emergency Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - O H Kim
- 1 Department of Emergency Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - K-C Cha
- 1 Department of Emergency Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - H Kim
- 1 Department of Emergency Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - K H Lee
- 1 Department of Emergency Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - S O Hwang
- 1 Department of Emergency Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
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50
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Moon JM, Chun BJ, Baek BH, Hong YJ. Initial diffusion-weighted MRI and long-term neurologic outcomes in charcoal-burning carbon monoxide poisoning. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2017; 56:161-169. [PMID: 28753048 DOI: 10.1080/15563650.2017.1352098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT This study assessed the results of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) at presentation for acute charcoal-burning carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning and investigated whether the initial DWI results can predict long-term neurologic outcomes. METHODS The study included 128 patients who suffered from CO poisoning after burning charcoal and underwent DWI. These patients were divided into two groups based on imaging results: a normal DWI group and an abnormal DWI group. Data regarding clinical courses and long-term neurologic outcomes (persistent severe neurologic sequelae) were collected and compared. RESULTS The rate of abnormal DWI findings at presentation was 23.4%, and the most common site of abnormalities was the globus pallidus. All lesions in abnormal DWI had decreased apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values. The long-term neurologic state was assessed at a median follow-up of 19.5 months, and the frequency of poor long-term neurologic outcome was significantly higher in the abnormal DWI group (40.0% in the abnormal DWI group vs. 1.0% in the normal DWI group; p < .001). Abnormal DWI (odds ratio [OR]): 31.3, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.5-397) and old age (OR 1.1, 95% CI: 1.001-1.13) were independent factors for poor long-term neurologic outcomes, whereas the Glasgow Coma Scale score at presentation (OR: 0.7, 95% CI: 0.6-0.9) was negatively associated with the risk of poor long-term neurologic outcome. CONCLUSIONS In cases involving CO poisoning due to charcoal burning, DWI at presentation may help predict the long-term neurological outcome after discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Moon
- a Department of Emergency Medicine , Chonnam National University Medical School , Gwangju , South Korea
| | - B J Chun
- a Department of Emergency Medicine , Chonnam National University Medical School , Gwangju , South Korea
| | - B H Baek
- b Department of Radiology , Chonnam National University Hospital , Gwangju , South Korea
| | - Y J Hong
- c The Heart Center of Chonnam National University Hospital , The Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University , Gwangju , South Korea
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