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Koriem KMM, Arbid MSS. Palm oil amends serum female hormones, ovarian antioxidants, inflammatory markers, and DNA fragmentation in favism-induced female rats. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2024; 0:jcim-2024-0082. [PMID: 38701114 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2024-0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Favism is a metabolic disease and this study evaluates the effectiveness of palm oil and its triacylglycerol constituent in favism-induced female rats to restore serum female hormones, ovarian antioxidants, inflammatory markers, and DNA fragmentation. METHODS Animals were 36 female albino rats. They classified to two equal (normal and favism) groups. The normal group was divided into three equal subgroups: the control, palm oil, and triacylglycerol subgroups. The normal rats were given 1 mL of saline, 1 mL of palm oil, and 1 mL of triacylglycerol orally, respectively. The Favism group was classified also into three equal subgroups: the favism group, the favism + palm oil, the Favism + triacylglycerol. The favism rats were given 1 mL of saline, 1 mL of palm oil, and 1 mL of triacylglycerol orally. For four weeks, all treatments were administered orally via oral gavage once daily. RESULTS The hemoglobin, hematocrite, the blood cells, glucose and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and liver function were decreased in favism. Female hormones such as serum luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, Estrone, Estriol, 17α-Estradiol, 17β-Estradiol, and Estradiol-17-β-stearate were decreased in favism. Ovarian antioxidants were decreased while ovarian inflammatory markers were increased in favism. Favism induced ovarian DNA apoptosis. Furthermore, oral administration with palm oil or its triacylglycerol constituent in favism-induced female rats restored all these parameters to be approached the control levels. CONCLUSIONS Palm oil restored serum female hormones, ovarian antioxidants, inflammatory markers, and DNA fragmentation in favism-induced female rats and this effect related to oil triacylglycerol constituent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled M M Koriem
- Department of Medical Physiology, 68787 Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre , Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud S S Arbid
- Department of Pharmacology, 68787 Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre , Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
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2
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Qiao L, Lin X, Zhao Y, Wang Q, Liu H, You M, Yuan Q, Yang Z, Bian W, Liu J, Guo Z, Han J. Short-term Dietary Selenium Deficiency Induced Liver Fibrosis by Inhibiting the Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway in Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022:10.1007/s12011-022-03453-7. [PMID: 36282470 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03453-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The effects of short-term dietary selenium deficiency on the liver and protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway were evaluated. Fourteen growing rats were randomly divided into control and selenium deficiency groups and fed standard and selenium-deficient diets for 4 weeks, respectively. The serum and liver selenium concentrations were measured to evaluate the construction of animal models with selenium deficiency. Liver tissues were analyzed by transmission electron microscope, hematoxylin-eosin staining, and Masson staining to observe the ultrastructural changes, pathological changes, and severity of liver fibrosis, respectively. Besides, immunohistochemical staining (IHC) was used to analyze the effects of selenium deficiency on the expression of key proteins in the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. The results showed that selenium concentrations in the serum and liver tissue were significantly lower in the selenium deficiency group than in the control group, and the selenium deficiency intervention could affect the morphology and structure of hepatocytes and mitochondria. Meanwhile, the liver tissue showed structural damage and fibrotic changes in the selenium deficiency group. The IHC results showed the positive staining rates of Akt, phosphorylation-modified protein kinase B (p-Akt), mTOR, and phosphorylation-modified mammalian target of the rapamycin (p-mTOR) in the liver of the selenium deficiency group which were significantly lower than that of the control group. In conclusion, short-term selenium deficiency dietary intervention could lead to liver fibrosis by inhibiting the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichun Qiao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Global Health Institute, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 712000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xue Lin
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Global Health Institute, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 712000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Global Health Institute, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 712000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qingfeng Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Global Health Institute, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 712000, Shaanxi, China
- Xi'an University of Science and Technology Hospital, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haobiao Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Global Health Institute, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 712000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mei You
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Global Health Institute, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 712000, Shaanxi, China
- Shaanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qian Yuan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Global Health Institute, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 712000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhihao Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Global Health Institute, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 712000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenming Bian
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Global Health Institute, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 712000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Global Health Institute, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 712000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ziwei Guo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Global Health Institute, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 712000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Han
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
- Global Health Institute, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 712000, Shaanxi, China.
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
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Koriem KMM, El-Attar MA. Almond oil restores blood parameters, liver function, blood and liver antioxidants and DNA, and liver histology more efficiently than olive oil in favism. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 19:599-606. [PMID: 35751565 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2022-0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Favism is a metabolic disease and this study aimed to compare between olive oil and almond oil to ameliorate blood parameters, liver function, blood and liver antioxidants and DNA, and liver histology in favism rats. METHODS Animals were 36 male albino rats. They classified to 2 equal (normal and favism) groups. Normal group classified to 3 equal subgroups; Control, Olive oil, and Almond oil subgroups: normal rats orally administrated with 1 mL/100 g of saline, olive oil, and almond oil, respectively. Favism group was subdivided into 3 equal subgroup; favism, favism + olive oil, and favism + almond oil subgroups: favism rats orally administrated with no treatment, 1 mL/100 g olive oil, and 1 mL/100 g almond oil, respectively. All treatments were administrated orally by oral gavage once a day for 1 month. RESULTS The hemoglobin, hematocrite, the blood cells, glucose and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, aspartate and alanine aminotransferase, total proteins, albumin, and globulin in serum were decreased in favism. The glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase in blood and liver were decreased in favism while alkaline phosphatase and total bilirubin in serum were increased in favism. The blood and liver malondialdehyde was increased in favism. Furthermore, oral administration with both oils in favism rats restored all these parameters to be approached the control levels. Also, both oils preserved blood and liver DNA and liver histology. CONCLUSIONS Almond oil restored blood parameters, liver function, blood and liver antioxidants and DNA, and liver histology more efficiently than olive oil in favism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Mohamed Mohamed Koriem
- Department of Medical Physiology, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa A El-Attar
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Protective Effect of Mitophagy Regulated by mTOR Signaling Pathway in Liver Fibrosis Associated with Selenium. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122410. [PMID: 35745140 PMCID: PMC9227084 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: As a central organ of energy metabolism, the liver is closely related to selenium for its normal function and disease development. However, the underlying roles of mitochondrial energy metabolism and mitophagy in liver fibrosis associated with selenium remain unclear. Methods: 28 rats were randomly divided into normal, low-selenium, nano-selenium supplement-1, and supplement-2 groups for a 12-week intervention. We observed pathological and ultrastructural changes in the liver and analyzed the effects of selenium deficiency and nano-selenium supplementation on liver metabolic activities and crucial proteins expression of mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. Results: Selenium deficiency caused liver pathological damage and fibrosis with the occurrence of mitophagy by disrupting normal metabolic activities; meanwhile, the mTOR signaling pathway was up-regulated to enhance mitophagy to clear damaged mitochondria. Furthermore, nano-selenium supplements could reduce the severity of pathological damage and fibrosis in livers and maintain normal energy metabolic activity. With the increased concentrations of nano-selenium supplement, swelling mitochondria and mitophagy gradually decreased, accompanied by the higher expression of mTOR and phosphorylation-modified mTOR proteins and lower expression of unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1 (ULK1) and phosphorylation-modified ULK1 proteins. Conclusions: Mitophagy regulated by the mTOR signaling pathway plays a dual protective role on low-selenium inducing liver fibrosis and nano-selenium supplements preventing liver fibrosis. Mitochondrial energy metabolism plays an important role in these processes as well.
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Xu L, Lu Y, Wang N, Feng Y. The Role and Mechanisms of Selenium Supplementation on Fatty Liver-Associated Disorder. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050922. [PMID: 35624786 PMCID: PMC9137657 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most frequent chronic liver disease without effective therapy. Selenium, as an essential trace element for humans, is notable for its antioxidant properties. The previous study shows that selenium levels in NAFLD patients are lower than normal ones. Selenium supplementation can effectively alleviate metabolic disorders by relieving anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory regulation. However, the correlation between selenium and NAFLD has not been fully clarified. Herein, we review the current studies on selenium in regulating the different stages of NAFLD and summarize relevant clinical trials to highlight the potential roles of selenium in NAFLD treatment.
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Leinwand JC, Paul B, Chen R, Xu F, Sierra MA, Paluru MM, Nanduri S, Alcantara Hirsch CG, Shadaloey SA, Yang F, Adam SA, Li Q, Bandel M, Gakhal I, Appiah L, Guo Y, Vardhan M, Flaminio ZJ, Grodman ER, Mermelstein A, Wang W, Diskin B, Aykut B, Khan M, Werba G, Pushalkar S, McKinstry M, Kluger Z, Park JJ, Hsieh B, Dancel-Manning K, Liang FX, Park JS, Saxena A, Li X, Theise ND, Saxena D, Miller G. Intrahepatic microbes govern liver immunity by programming NKT cells. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:151725. [PMID: 35175938 PMCID: PMC9012289 DOI: 10.1172/jci151725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome shapes local and systemic immunity. The liver is presumed to be a protected sterile site. As such, a hepatic microbiome has not been examined. Here, we showed a liver microbiome in mice and humans that is distinct from the gut and is enriched in Proteobacteria. It undergoes dynamic alterations with age and is influenced by the environment and host physiology. Fecal microbial transfer experiments revealed that the liver microbiome is populated from the gut in a highly selective manner. Hepatic immunity is dependent on the microbiome, specifically Bacteroidetes species. Targeting Bacteroidetes with oral antibiotics reduced hepatic immune cells by ~90%, prevented APC maturation, and mitigated adaptive immunity. Mechanistically, our findings are consistent with presentation of Bacteroidetes-derived glycosphingolipids to NKT cells promoting CCL5 signaling, which drives hepatic leukocyte expansion and activation, among other possible host-microbe interactions. Collectively, we reveal a microbial - glycosphingolipid - NKT - CCL5 axis that underlies hepatic immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua C Leinwand
- Department of Surgery, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, United States of America
| | - Bidisha Paul
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, NYU College of Dentistry, New York, United States of America
| | - Ruonan Chen
- Department of Surgery, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, United States of America
| | - Fangxi Xu
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, NYU College of Dentistry, New York, United States of America
| | - Maria A Sierra
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, NYU College of Dentistry, New York, United States of America
| | - Madan M Paluru
- Department of Surgery, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, United States of America
| | - Sumant Nanduri
- Department of Surgery, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, United States of America
| | | | - Sorin Aa Shadaloey
- Department of Surgery, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, United States of America
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Surgery, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, United States of America
| | - Salma A Adam
- Department of Surgery, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, United States of America
| | - Qianhao Li
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, NYU College of Dentistry, New York, United States of America
| | - Michelle Bandel
- Department of Surgery, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, United States of America
| | - Inderdeep Gakhal
- Department of Surgery, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, United States of America
| | - Lara Appiah
- Department of Surgery, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, United States of America
| | - Yuqi Guo
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, NYU College of Dentistry, New York, United States of America
| | - Mridula Vardhan
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, NYU College of Dentistry, New York, United States of America
| | - Zia J Flaminio
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, NYU College of Dentistry, New York, United States of America
| | - Emilie R Grodman
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, NYU College of Dentistry, New York, United States of America
| | - Ari Mermelstein
- Department of Surgery, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, United States of America
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Surgery, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, United States of America
| | - Brian Diskin
- Department of Surgery, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, United States of America
| | - Berk Aykut
- Department of Surgery, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, United States of America
| | - Mohammed Khan
- Department of Surgery, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, United States of America
| | - Gregor Werba
- Department of Surgery, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, United States of America
| | - Smruti Pushalkar
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, NYU College of Dentistry, New York, United States of America
| | - Mia McKinstry
- Department of Surgery, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, United States of America
| | - Zachary Kluger
- Department of Surgery, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, United States of America
| | - Jaimie J Park
- Department of Surgery, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, United States of America
| | - Brandon Hsieh
- Department of Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, United States of America
| | - Kristen Dancel-Manning
- Department of Cell Biology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, United States of America
| | - Feng-Xia Liang
- Department of Cell Biology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, United States of America
| | - James S Park
- Department of Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, United States of America
| | - Anjana Saxena
- Department of Biology, City University of New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, NYU College of Dentistry, New York, United States of America
| | - Neil D Theise
- Department of Pathology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, United States of America
| | - Deepak Saxena
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, NYU College of Dentistry, New York, United States of America
| | - George Miller
- Department of Surgery, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, United States of America
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Wang Y, Liu B, Wu P, Chu Y, Gui S, Zheng Y, Chen X. Dietary Selenium Alleviated Mouse Liver Oxidative Stress and NAFLD Induced by Obesity by Regulating the KEAP1/NRF2 Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020349. [PMID: 35204232 PMCID: PMC8868436 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) occurs when excess fat is stored in the liver and it is strongly linked with metabolic syndrome and oxidative stress. Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient in animals, which has a variety of biological functions, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. However, the exact effect of dietary selenium on NAFLD and the underlying molecular mechanism are not yet clear. Herein, we fed a high-fat diet (HFD) to C57BL/6 mice to construct an in vivo NAFLD model, treated AML-12 cells with palmitic acid (PA) to construct an in vitro NAFLD model, and AML-12 cells were stimulated with H2O2 to induce hepatocyte oxidative stress and then treated with adequate selenium. We observed that adequate selenium significantly improved the hepatic injury and insulin resistance in HFD mice, and decreased the fat accumulation and the expression of lipogenic genes in PA-induced AML-12 cells. Meanwhile, selenium significantly inhibited the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), inhibited apoptosis, and restored mitochondrial number and membrane potential in PA- induced AML-12 cells. In addition, selenium can promote selenoproteinP1 (SEPP1) synthesis to regulate the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1)/NF-E2-related factor 2 (NRF2) pathway, so as to defend against hepatocyte oxidative stress. These findings suggest that dietary selenium supplementation can effectively resist hepatic injury and insulin resistance during NAFLD development, and regulate the KEAP1/NRF2 pathway to resist oxidative stress by promoting SEPP1 synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.W.); (B.L.); (Y.C.); (S.G.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Bingbing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.W.); (B.L.); (Y.C.); (S.G.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Peixuan Wu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Yi Chu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.W.); (B.L.); (Y.C.); (S.G.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Sisi Gui
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.W.); (B.L.); (Y.C.); (S.G.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yazhen Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.W.); (B.L.); (Y.C.); (S.G.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.W.); (B.L.); (Y.C.); (S.G.); (Y.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-27-87282091
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Polyzos SA, Kountouras J, Goulas A, Duntas L. Selenium and selenoprotein P in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hormones (Athens) 2020; 19:61-72. [PMID: 31493247 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-019-00127-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Conflicting data link nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a disease with no currently approved treatment, with selenium (Se) and selenoprotein P (SELENOP), a glycoprotein synthesized and primarily secreted by the hepatocytes, functioning as a Se transporter from the liver to other tissues. This review aims to summarize the evidence between Se, SELENOP, and NAFLD, which may hopefully clarify whether current data on Se and SELENOP in NAFLD warrant further investigation for their diagnostic and therapeutic potential. Most, albeit not all, experimental data show a favorable effect of Se on hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. It seems that Se may exert an antioxidant effect on the liver, at least partly via increasing the activity of glutathione peroxidase, whose depletion contributes to the pathogenesis of hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. Se may also affect metalloproteinases, cytokines, and growth factors participating in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and, most importantly, may induce the apoptosis of hepatic stellate cells, the key players in hepatic fibrosis. However, the association between Se or SELENOP and insulin resistance, which is a principal pathogenetic factor of NAFLD, remains inconclusive. Clinical studies on Se or SELENOP in NAFLD are conflicting, apart from those in advanced liver disease (cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma), in which lower circulating Se and SELENOP are constant findings. Existing data warrant further mechanistic studies in valid animal models of human NAFLD. Prospective cohort studies and possibly randomized controlled trials are also needed to elucidate the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of Se supplementation in selected NAFLD individuals with Se deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stergios A Polyzos
- First Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Campus of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece.
| | - Jannis Kountouras
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Ippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Antonis Goulas
- First Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Campus of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Leonidas Duntas
- Endocrine Unit, Evgenidion Hospital, National Kapodestrian University, Athens, Greece
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Hartmann P, Chu H, Duan Y, Schnabl B. Gut microbiota in liver disease: too much is harmful, nothing at all is not helpful either. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2019; 316:G563-G573. [PMID: 30767680 PMCID: PMC6580239 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00370.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal microbiome plays a major role in the pathogenesis of liver disease, with a hallmark event being dysbiosis, or an imbalance of pathobionts and beneficial bacteria with the associated deleterious effects on their host. Reducing the number of intestinal bacteria with antibiotic treatment is generally advantageous in experimental liver diseases. Complete absence of intestinal microbiota as in germ-free rodents can be protective in autoimmune hepatitis and hepatic tumors induced by chemicals, or it can exacerbate disease as in acute toxic liver injury and liver fibrosis/cirrhosis. In alcoholic liver disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and autoimmune cholangiopathies, germ-free status can be associated with worsened or improved hepatic phenotype depending on the experimental model and type of rodent. Some of the unexpected outcomes can be explained by the limitations of rodents raised in a germ-free environment including a deficient immune system and an altered metabolism of lipids, cholesterol, xenobiotics/toxins, and bile acids. Given these limitations and to advance understanding of the interactions between host and intestinal microbiota, simplified model systems such as humanized gnotobiotic mice, or gnotobiotic mice monoassociated with a single bacterial strain or colonized with a defined set of microbes, are unique and useful models for investigation of liver disease in a complex ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillipp Hartmann
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Huikuan Chu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Yi Duan
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
| | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
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Guo D, Zhang Y, Zhao J, He H, Hou T. Selenium-biofortified corn peptides: Attenuating concanavalin A-Induced liver injury and structure characterization. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2019; 51:57-64. [PMID: 30466939 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between hepatoprotective effects of selenium-biofortified corn (Zea mays Linn) peptides (SeCPs) and its antioxidant ability was evaluated and the structure of SeCPs was identified. SeCPs and corn peptides (CPs) both had good antioxidant ability, and the effect of SeCPs was significantly higher than CPs within a certain concentration range (P < 0.05). Additionally, animal experiments indicated that SeCPs (200 mg/kg) had a significantly protective effect against concanavalin A (Con A) induced hepatic lesions, as it significantly declined glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) activities, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interferon (IFN)-γ contents in serum, and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in liver (P < 0.05). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities in liver were also significantly increased by SeCPs (P < 0.05). The amino acid composition of SeCPs with Mw < 1 kDa was mainly glutamic acid (Glu, 31.18%), leucine (Leu, 21.06%) and alanine (Ala, 13.26%). According to the retention time, the amino acid sequences of 8 selenium-biofortified corn peptides and 29 selenium-free corn peptides were identified. Our results illustrated that the mechanisms of SeCPs against Con A induced hepatic injury in mice may be related to its antioxidant ability and reduction of lipid peroxidation, inhibiting the release of immune factors, such as TNF-α and IFN-γ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danjun Guo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 43000, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 43000, China
| | - Juanjuan Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 43000, China
| | - Hui He
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 43000, China
| | - Tao Hou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 43000, China.
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11
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Kumar N, Krishnani KK, Kumar P, Sharma R, Baitha R, Singh DK, Singh NP. Dietary nano-silver: Does support or discourage thermal tolerance and biochemical status in air-breathing fish reared under multiple stressors? J Therm Biol 2018; 77:111-121. [PMID: 30196889 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Unexpected fluctuations in weather parameters due to global climate change have been observed in all ecosystems worldwide. The aquatic ecosystem shelters a great diversity of fishes in the upper region of the ecosystem which adversely get affected due to their poikilothermic nature. The present study was designed to elucidate the impact of critical temperature minima (CTMin), lethal temperature minima (LTMin), critical temperature maxima (CTMax), and lethal temperature maxima (LTMax) on Channa striatus. Biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) were evaluated for their potential to enhance thermal tolerance and improve the activities of biochemical enzymes of C. striatus reared under lead (Pb) and high temperature (34 °C) for 50 days. Three iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous diets which included a basal diet and two supplemented diets with Ag-NPs @ 0.5 mg/kg, and 1 mg/kg were used in the study. Results suggested that CTMin and LTMin were significantly (p < 0.01) reduced and CTMax and LTMax were enhanced in the group fed with 0.5 mg/kg Ag-NPs supplemented feed. Pre-exposure to high temperature led to enhanced CTMax and LTMax in C. striatus. The biochemical enzymes involved in protein metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, acetylcholine esterase and antioxidant activities were found to be normal in fish fed with 0.5 mg/kg Ag-NPs supplemented diet. Bioaccumulation of silver and Pb was determined in different fish tissues and experimental water. Overall, the incorporation of Ag-NPs at 0.5 mg/kg in diet can confer protection to fish against Pb and thermal stress and enhance thermal tolerance of C. striatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Kumar
- ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management (NIASM), Baramati, Pune 413115, India.
| | - K K Krishnani
- ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management (NIASM), Baramati, Pune 413115, India
| | - Paritosh Kumar
- ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management (NIASM), Baramati, Pune 413115, India
| | - Rupam Sharma
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai 400061, India
| | - Raju Baitha
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700120, India
| | - Dilip Kumar Singh
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Salt Lake City, Kolkata Center, Kolkata 700091, India
| | - Narendra Pratap Singh
- ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management (NIASM), Baramati, Pune 413115, India
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12
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Kumar N, Krishnani K, Gupta SK, Singh NP. Selenium nanoparticles enhanced thermal tolerance and maintain cellular stress protection of Pangasius hypophthalmus reared under lead and high temperature. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2017; 246:107-116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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13
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Wang S, Xiang YY, Zhu J, Yi F, Li J, Liu C, Lu WY. Protective roles of hepatic GABA signaling in acute liver injury of rats. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2017; 312:G208-G218. [PMID: 27979827 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00344.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is produced by various cells through the catalytic activity of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD). Activation of type-A GABA receptor (GABAAR) inhibits stem cell proliferation but protects differentiated cells from injures. The present study investigated hepatic GABA signaling system and the role of this system in liver physiology and pathophysiology. RT-PCR and immunoblot assays identified GAD and GABAAR subunits in rat livers and in HepG2 and Clone 9 hepatocytes. Patch-clamp recording detected GABA-induced currents in Clone 9 hepatocytes and depolarization in WITT cholangiocytes. The function of hepatic GABA signaling system in rats was examined using models of d-galactosamine (GalN)-induced acute hepatocytic injury in vivo and in vitro. The expression of GAD increased whereas GABAAR subunits decreased in the liver of GalN-treated rats. Remarkably, treating rats with GABA or the GABAAR agonist muscimol, but not the GABABR agonist baclofen, protected hepatocytes against GalN toxicity and improved liver function. In addition, muscimol treatment decreased the formation of pseudobile ductules and the enlargement of hepatocytic canaliculi in GalN-treated rats. Our results revealed that a complex GABA signaling system exists in the rat liver. Activation of this intrahepatic GABAergic system protected the liver against toxic injury.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Auto- and paracrine GABAergic signaling systems exist in the rat hepatocytes and cholangiocytes. Activation of GABA signaling protects liver function from d-galactosamine injury by reducing toxic impairment of hepatocytes and by decreasing cholangiocyte proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuanglian Wang
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Yun-Yan Xiang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Jianchun Zhu
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Yi
- Department of Pharmacology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingxin Li
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Chuanyong Liu
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China;
| | - Wei-Yang Lu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; .,Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
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14
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Xi S, Shi M, Jiang X, Minuk GY, Cheng Y, Peng Y, Gong Y, Xu Y, Wang X, Yang J, Yue L, Wang Y. The effects of Tao-Hong-Si-Wu on hepatic necroinflammatory activity and fibrosis in a murine model of chronic liver disease. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 180:28-36. [PMID: 26802785 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tao-Hong-Si-Wu decoction (THSWD) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine that has been used for centuries in the treatment of Chinese patients with chronic liver disease. Recently, THSWD has been reported to alter vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) induced angiogenesis, raising the possibility that in addition to its anti-inflammatory properties; THSWD might also inhibit hepatic blood flow associated fibrosis. AIM To document the effects of THSWD on hepatic necroinflammatory disease activity, fibrosis and VEGF signaling in a murine model of chronic liver disease. METHODS Sixty adult mice were equally divided into six study groups. Five groups were exposed to subcutaneous carbon tetrachloride (0.1 ml/10 g BW) for six weeks. Three of the five groups were treated with different concentrations of THSWD (4.25, 8.50, 17.00 g/kg), one with 0.1mg/kg of Colchicine (positive control), and one with physiologic saline (negative control). Mice in the sixth group were not exposed to CCl4 and remained untreated (healthy controls). Liver enzymes/function tests, hyaluronic acid and laminin levels were measured in serum, and hepatic histology, VEGF, Flt-1 and kinase insert domain-containing receptor (KDR), Akt and phosphorylated Akt (pAkt) expression were documented in liver tissue at the end of treatment. RESULTS Hepatic necroinflammatory disease activity and fibrosis were significantly attenuated in THSWD treated mice in a dose dependent manner. These beneficial results were similar and often exceeded those achieved with Colchicine. In addition, VEGF, Flt-1, KDR, Akt and pAkt mRNA and protein expression were reduced in TSHWD treated mice. CONCLUSIONS In this animal model of chronic liver disease, THSWD decreased hepatic necroinflammatory disease and fibrosis. Inhibition of VEGF expression and downstream signaling were associated with these findings. Further studies with this and other TCMs as treatment for chronic liver disease are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyan Xi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mengmeng Shi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueqiang Jiang
- Department of Infection, Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, People's Republic of China
| | - Gerald Y Minuk
- Department of Internal Medicine, John Buhler Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 3P4
| | - Yao Cheng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Peng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuewen Gong
- College of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 0T5
| | - Yangxinzi Xu
- Department of Internal Medicine, John Buhler Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 3P4
| | - Xinrong Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Yang
- College of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 0T5
| | - Lifeng Yue
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhui Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
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15
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Koriem KMM, Arbid MS, El-Gendy NF. The Protective Role of Anise Oil in Oxidative Stress and Genotoxicity Produced in Favism. J Diet Suppl 2016; 13:505-21. [DOI: 10.3109/19390211.2015.1119775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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16
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Weiskirchen R. Hepatoprotective and Anti-fibrotic Agents: It's Time to Take the Next Step. Front Pharmacol 2016; 6:303. [PMID: 26779021 PMCID: PMC4703795 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis cause strong human suffering and necessitate a monetary burden worldwide. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of therapies. Pre-clinical animal models are indispensable in the drug discovery and development of new anti-fibrotic compounds and are immensely valuable for understanding and proofing the mode of their proposed action. In fibrosis research, inbreed mice and rats are by far the most used species for testing drug efficacy. During the last decades, several hundred or even a thousand different drugs that reproducibly evolve beneficial effects on liver health in respective disease models were identified. However, there are only a few compounds (e.g., GR-MD-02, GM-CT-01) that were translated from bench to bedside. In contrast, the large number of drugs successfully tested in animal studies is repeatedly tested over and over engender findings with similar or identical outcome. This circumstance undermines the 3R (Replacement, Refinement, Reduction) principle of Russell and Burch that was introduced to minimize the suffering of laboratory animals. This ethical framework, however, represents the basis of the new animal welfare regulations in the member states of the European Union. Consequently, the legal authorities in the different countries are halted to foreclose testing of drugs in animals that were successfully tested before. This review provides a synopsis on anti-fibrotic compounds that were tested in classical rodent models. Their mode of action, potential sources and the observed beneficial effects on liver health are discussed. This review attempts to provide a reference compilation for all those involved in the testing of drugs or in the design of new clinical trials targeting hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy, and Clinical Chemistry, RWTH University Hospital Aachen Aachen, Germany
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17
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Mazagova M, Wang L, Anfora AT, Wissmueller M, Lesley SA, Miyamoto Y, Eckmann L, Dhungana S, Pathmasiri W, Sumner S, Westwater C, Brenner DA, Schnabl B. Commensal microbiota is hepatoprotective and prevents liver fibrosis in mice. FASEB J 2014; 29:1043-55. [PMID: 25466902 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-259515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Translocation of bacteria and their products across the intestinal barrier is common in patients with liver disease, and there is evidence that experimental liver fibrosis depends on bacterial translocation. The purpose of our study was to investigate liver fibrosis in conventional and germ-free (GF) C57BL/6 mice. Chronic liver injury was induced by administration of thioacetamide (TAA) in the drinking water for 21 wk or by repeated intraperitoneal injections of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Increased liver fibrosis was observed in GF mice compared with conventional mice. Hepatocytes showed more toxin-induced oxidative stress and cell death. This was accompanied by increased activation of hepatic stellate cells, but hepatic mediators of inflammation were not significantly different. Similarly, a genetic model using Myd88/Trif-deficient mice, which lack downstream innate immunity signaling, had more severe fibrosis than wild-type mice. Isolated Myd88/Trif-deficient hepatocytes were more susceptible to toxin-induced cell death in culture. In conclusion, the commensal microbiota prevents fibrosis upon chronic liver injury in mice. This is the first study describing a beneficial role of the commensal microbiota in maintaining liver homeostasis and preventing liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Mazagova
- *Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA; Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, California, USA; Systems and Translational Science, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA; and Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Lirui Wang
- *Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA; Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, California, USA; Systems and Translational Science, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA; and Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Andrew T Anfora
- *Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA; Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, California, USA; Systems and Translational Science, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA; and Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Max Wissmueller
- *Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA; Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, California, USA; Systems and Translational Science, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA; and Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Scott A Lesley
- *Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA; Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, California, USA; Systems and Translational Science, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA; and Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Yukiko Miyamoto
- *Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA; Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, California, USA; Systems and Translational Science, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA; and Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Lars Eckmann
- *Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA; Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, California, USA; Systems and Translational Science, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA; and Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Suraj Dhungana
- *Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA; Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, California, USA; Systems and Translational Science, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA; and Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Wimal Pathmasiri
- *Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA; Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, California, USA; Systems and Translational Science, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA; and Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Susan Sumner
- *Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA; Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, California, USA; Systems and Translational Science, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA; and Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Caroline Westwater
- *Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA; Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, California, USA; Systems and Translational Science, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA; and Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - David A Brenner
- *Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA; Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, California, USA; Systems and Translational Science, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA; and Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Bernd Schnabl
- *Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA; Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, California, USA; Systems and Translational Science, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA; and Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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Khandoga A, Mende K, Iskandarov E, Rosentreter D, Schelcher C, Reifart J, Jauch KW, Thasler WE. Augmenter of liver regeneration attenuates inflammatory response in the postischemic mouse liver in vivo. J Surg Res 2014; 192:187-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2014.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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19
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Zhang J, Li Y, Jiang S, Yu H, An W. Enhanced endoplasmic reticulum SERCA activity by overexpression of hepatic stimulator substance gene prevents hepatic cells from ER stress-induced apoptosis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2013; 306:C279-90. [PMID: 24284796 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00117.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Although the potential pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is unclear, increasing evidence indicates that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress may link free fatty acids to NAFLD. Since we previously reported that hepatic stimulator substance (HSS) could protect the liver from steatosis, this study is aimed to investigate whether HSS protection could be related with its inhibition on ER stress. The HSS gene was stably transfected into BEL-7402 hepatoma cells and effectively expressed in ER. The palmitic acid (PA)-induced heptocyte lipotoxicity was reproduced in the HSS-transfected cells, and HSS alleviation of the ER stress and apoptosis were subsequently examined. The results showed that PA treatment led to a heavy accumulation of fatty acids within the cells and a remarkable increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, in the HSS-expressing cells, production of ROS was inhibited and ER stress-related marker glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP-78), sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP), anti-phospho-PRK-1ike ER kinase (p-PERK), anti-phospho-eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (p-eIF2α), and anti-C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) were downregulated compared with the wild-type or mutant HSS-transfected cells. Furthermore, PA treatment severely impaired the activity of sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA), leading to imbalanced calcium homeostasis during ER stress, which could be rescued in the HSS-trasfected cells. The protection provided by HSS to the SERCA is identical to that observed with N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) and sodium dimercaptopropane sulfonate (Na-DMPS), which are two typical free radical scavengers. As a consequence, the rate of ER stress-mediated apoptosis in the HSS-expressing cells was significantly reduced. In conclusion, the protective effect of HSS against ER stress may be associated with the removal of ROS to restore the activity of the SERCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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20
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Rua RM, Ojeda ML, Nogales F, Rubio JM, Romero-Gómez M, Funuyet J, Murillo ML, Carreras O. Serum selenium levels and oxidative balance as differential markers in hepatic damage caused by alcohol. Life Sci 2013; 94:158-63. [PMID: 24157457 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Antioxidant system abnormalities have been associated with ethanol consumption. This study examines the effects of chronic ethanol consumption on oxidative balance, including selenium (Se) levels in alcoholic patients with or without liver disease, and if these measurements could be indicative of liver disease. MAIN METHODS Serum Se levels, antioxidant enzymes' activities, malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PC) were determined in three groups of patients: alcoholics without liver disease, alcoholics with liver disease, and non-alcoholics with liver disease; and in healthy volunteers. KEY FINDINGS Serum Se levels were lower in alcoholic patients and in patients affected by liver disease and especially lower in the alcoholic liver disease group. These values were correlated with the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), the antioxidant selenoprotein. The antioxidant activities of the glutathione reductase (GR) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were also lower in the three non-healthy groups. However, GR activity decreased and SOD activity increased in the non-alcoholic liver disease group versus alcoholic groups. Higher concentrations of PC in serum were found in non-healthy groups and were higher in alcoholic patients who also showed higher MDA levels. The highest MDA and PC levels were found in the alcoholic liver disease group. SIGNIFICANCE We conclude that serum Se levels are drastically decreased in alcoholic liver disease patients, showing that this element has a direct correlation with GPx activity, and lipid oxidation, suggesting that the serum Se/MDA ratio could be an indicator of hepatic damage caused by alcohol consumption, and pointing to Se as a possible antioxidant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui M Rua
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Seville University, Seville, Spain
| | - M Luisa Ojeda
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Seville University, Seville, Spain
| | - Fátima Nogales
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Seville University, Seville, Spain
| | - Jose Maria Rubio
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Seville University, Seville, Spain
| | - Manuel Romero-Gómez
- Unit for the Clinical Management of Digestive Diseases and CIBEREHD, University Hospital of Valme, Seville, Spain
| | - Jorge Funuyet
- Unit for the Clinical Management of Digestive Diseases and CIBEREHD, University Hospital of Valme, Seville, Spain
| | - M Luisa Murillo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Seville University, Seville, Spain
| | - Olimpia Carreras
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Seville University, Seville, Spain.
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Effect of the antibiotic neomycin on the toxicity of the glycoside vicine in rats. J Toxicol 2013; 2013:913128. [PMID: 23840205 PMCID: PMC3694484 DOI: 10.1155/2013/913128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 05/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Vicine is hydrolyzed by microflora to highly reactive free radical generating compound divicine which causes mortality and other adverse effects. This study in the rats established the effect of a broad spectrum and poorly absorbed antibiotic, neomycin sulfate on the toxicity of vicine. The results showed extremely decrease in mortality rate in the group pretreated with neomycin. Hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, hematocrit (Hct) value, and red blood cells (RBCs) count were significantly decreased after injection of vicine and the improvement of these values in the group pretreated with neomycin. The same results were observed in white blood cells (WBCs). The results showed a significant decrease in glucose level and returned to normal in group pretreated with neomycin. Glutathione (GSH) was significantly decreased in the vicine group and returned to normal value in the group pretreated with neomycin. Lipid peroxide (TBARs) was significantly increased in the group treated with vicine and neomycin pretreated group decreased to the normal level. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6-PD) activity was significantly decreased and returned to normal level in rats pretreated with neomycin. Serum protein and globulin were significantly decreased but serum albumin showed insignificant decrease in vicine and neomycin groups compared to control. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were significantly decreased in the vicine group. The group pretreated with neomycin showed significantly increased activities of AST and ALT compared with vicine group. In conclusion, neomycin pretreatment of rats injected with glycoside vicine decreased to a great extent of its toxic and mortality effects and is useful in favism and hemolytic anemia.
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Kazi TG, Kolachi NF, Afridi HI, Kazi NG, Arain SS. Effects of mineral supplementation on liver cirrhotic/cancer male patients. Biol Trace Elem Res 2012; 150:81-90. [PMID: 22968625 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-012-9501-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to compare the levels of essential trace and toxic elements in biological samples (blood and serum) of male liver cirrhotic/cancer patients (n = 144), of age groups 30-50 years, before and after 60 days treatment with mineral supplementation. For comparison purposes, the same biological samples were also collected from healthy male subjects (n = 120) of the same age groups. The biological samples were oxidized by 65 % HNO₃/30 % H₂O₂ (2:1) in a microwave oven. The digests of all biological samples were analyzed for arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), selenium (Se), and zinc (Zn) by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. The levels of Se and Zn were lower in liver cirrhotic/cancer patients as compared to healthy individuals (p < 0.001). The patients with liver cirrhosis/cancer have twofold higher As and Cd levels in biological samples as compared to age-matched referents. Moreover, a negative correlation was observed between essential and toxic elements. The pathogenesis of liver cirrhosis/cancer has been associated with changes in the balance of certain essential trace and toxic elements. The study confirms that oral supplements of Se and Zn produce metabolic effects in patients with liver cirrhosis/cancer. It was observed that the status of essential trace elements, Se and Zn, was improved in biological samples of all patients after 60 days of treatment with mineral supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasneem Gul Kazi
- National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan.
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Kolachi NF, Kazi TG, Afridi HI, Kazi NG, Khan S. Investigation of essential trace and toxic elements in biological samples (blood, serum and scalp hair) of liver cirrhotic/cancer female patients before and after mineral supplementation. Clin Nutr 2012; 31:967-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2012.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Revised: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Bujor AM, Haines P, Padilla C, Christmann RB, Junie M, Sampaio-Barros PD, Lafyatis R, Trojanowska M. Ciprofloxacin has antifibrotic effects in scleroderma fibroblasts via downregulation of Dnmt1 and upregulation of Fli1. Int J Mol Med 2012; 30:1473-80. [PMID: 23041765 PMCID: PMC4035782 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2012.1150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is characterized by fibrosis of the skin and internal organs. The present study was undertaken to examine the effects of ciprofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone antibiotic implicated in matrix remodeling, on dermal and lung fibroblasts obtained from SSc patients. Dermal and lung fibroblasts from SSc patients and healthy subjects were treated with ciprofloxacin. Western blotting was used to analyze protein levels and RT-PCR was used to measure mRNA expression. The pharmacologic inhibitor UO126 was used to block Erk1/2 signaling. SSc dermal fibroblasts demonstrated a significant decrease in collagen type I mRNA and protein levels after antibiotic treatment, while healthy dermal fibroblasts were less sensitive to ciprofloxacin, downregulating collagen only at the protein levels. Connective tissue growth factor (CCN2) gene expression was significantly reduced and matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1) levels were enhanced after ciprofloxacin treatment to a similar extent in healthy and SSc fibroblasts. Ciprofloxacin induced Erk1/2 phosphorylation, and Erk1/2 blockade completely prevented MMP1 upregulation. However, Smad1 and Smad3 activation in response to TGFβ was not affected. The expression of friend leukemia integration factor 1 (Fli1), a transcriptional repressor of collagen, was increased after treatment with ciprofloxacin only in SSc fibroblasts, and this was accompanied by a decrease in the levels of DNA methyltransferase 1 (Dnmt1). Similar effects were observed in SSc-interstitial lung disease (ILD) lung fibroblasts. In summary, our study demonstrates that ciprofloxacin has antifibrotic actions in SSc dermal and lung fibroblasts via the downregulation of Dnmt1, the upregulation of Fli1 and induction of MMP1 gene expression via an Erk1/2-dependent mechanism. Thus, our data suggest that ciprofloxacin may be an attractive therapy for SSc skin and lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea M Bujor
- Arthritis Center, Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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Yi X, Song M, Yuan Y, Zhang X, Chen W, Li J, Tong M, Liu G, You S, Kong X. Hepatic stimulator substance alleviates toxin-induced and immune-mediated liver injury and fibrosis in rats. Dig Dis Sci 2012; 57:2079-87. [PMID: 22539040 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-012-2168-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver fibrosis is a common scarring response to chronic liver injury. It is a precursor to cirrhosis and liver carcinoma. Hepatic stimulator substance (HSS), a known liver-specific but species-nonspecific growth factor, has been shown to protect hepatocytes from various toxins. METHODS We have investigated the effects of HSS therapy on carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4))-induced and porcine-serum-mediated hepatic injury and fibrosis. We hypothesize that HSS might attenuate liver injury and fibrosis by suppressing oxidative stress, down-regulating profibrogenic factors, and blocking HSCs activation. RESULTS This report demonstrated that HSS therapy diminished α-smooth muscle actin expression, decreased intrahepatic reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, and down-regulated transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 expression. In addition, HSS treatment significantly protected the liver from injury by improving liver function tests and histological architecture of the liver. CONCLUSIONS These results provided novel insights into the mechanisms of HSS in the protection of the liver. Our results suggested that HSS might be a therapeutic antifibrotic agent for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuerui Yi
- Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, Center of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou 458 Hospital, Dongfengdonglu 801#, Guangzhou 510600, Guangdong, China
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Gandhi CR. Augmenter of liver regeneration. FIBROGENESIS & TISSUE REPAIR 2012; 5:10. [PMID: 22776437 PMCID: PMC3519801 DOI: 10.1186/1755-1536-5-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
'Augmenter of liver regeneration' (ALR) (also known as hepatic stimulatory substance or hepatopoietin) was originally found to promote growth of hepatocytes in the regenerating or injured liver. ALR is expressed ubiquitously in all organs, and exclusively in hepatocytes in the liver. ALR, a survival factor for hepatocytes, exhibits significant homology with ERV1 (essential for respiration and viability) protein that is essential for the survival of the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. ALR comprises 198 to 205 amino acids (approximately 22 kDa), but is post-translationally modified to three high molecular weight species (approximately 38 to 42 kDa) found in hepatocytes. ALR is present in mitochondria, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum, and nucleus. Mitochondrial ALR may be involved in oxidative phosphorylation, but also functions as sulfhydryl oxidase and cytochrome c reductase, and causes Fe/S maturation of proteins. ALR, secreted by hepatocytes, stimulates synthesis of TNF-α, IL-6, and nitric oxide in Kupffer cells via a G-protein coupled receptor. While the 22 kDa rat recombinant ALR does not stimulate DNA synthesis in hepatocytes, the short form (15 kDa) of human recombinant ALR was reported to be equipotent as or even stronger than TGF-α or HGF as a mitogen for hepatocytes. Altered serum ALR levels in certain pathological conditions suggest that it may be a diagnostic marker for liver injury/disease. Although ALR appears to have multiple functions, the knowledge of its role in various organs, including the liver, is extremely inadequate, and it is not known whether different ALR species have distinct functions. Future research should provide better understanding of the expression and functions of this enigmatic molecule.
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Adikwu E, Brambaifa N. Ciprofloxacin Cardiotoxicity and Hepatotoxicity in Humans and Animals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/pp.2012.32028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Increased hepatic apoptosis in high-fat diet-induced NASH in rats may be associated with downregulation of hepatic stimulator substance. J Mol Med (Berl) 2011; 89:1207-17. [PMID: 21814826 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-011-0790-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2011] [Revised: 06/10/2011] [Accepted: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms of progression from fatty liver to steatohepatitis and cirrhosis are not well elucidated. Hepatocellular apoptosis could be one of the key factors in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Hepatic stimulator substance (HSS) protects liver cells from various toxins. We previously reported that HSS is critically important for the survival of hepatocytes due to its mitochondrial association. This study aims to investigate the relationship between HSS and hepatocellular apoptosis in vivo models of high-fat diet-induced NASH and in vitro models of palmitic acid-induced hepatocyte injury. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a high-fat diet for 8, 12 and 16 weeks. Hepatic histological lesions, liver function and apoptosis were examined. HSS expression, in association with caspase-3 and cytochrome c leakage, which are both indicators of cell apoptosis, was measured. Results showed that a high-fat diet altered liver function and histology in a manner resembling NASH. Hepatic protein and mRNA HSS expression was decreased as NASH progressed. Meanwhile, cell apoptosis increased as result of caspase-3 activation and cytochrome c release, indicating that HSS might be involved in NASH pathogenesis. Furthermore, in palmitic acid-induced hepatic cell damage, over-expression of HSS decreased cells apoptosis. In contrast, repression of HSS expression by siRNA increased cell apoptosis. In conclusion, these data imply that cell apoptosis contributes to the pathogenesis of NASH, during which HSS expression is downregulated. Increasing HSS expression in hepatocytes may forestall cell apoptosis as result of fatty acid insult.
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Markiewicz-Górka I, Zawadzki M, Januszewska L, Hombek-Urban K, Pawlas K. Influence of selenium and/or magnesium on alleviation alcohol induced oxidative stress in rats, normalization function of liver and changes in serum lipid parameters. Hum Exp Toxicol 2011; 30:1811-27. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327111401049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the attenuating effect of given selenium and/or magnesium on ethanol-induced oxidative stress, disturbances of liver function and cholesterol metabolism. Forty male rats were divided into five groups: C – control, Et – intoxicated with alcohol (15% solution in drinking water), Et + Mg, Et + Se, Et + Mg + Se – intoxicated with alcohol and supplemented with selenium (0.4 mg Se/l water), magnesium (100 mg Mg/l water) and combination of Se and Mg, respectively. The experiment was carried out over the 3 months. The results show that the chronic ingestion of alcohol induces lipid peroxidation and histopathological changes in liver. Supplementation with magnesium only partially alleviates oxidative stress and damages in this tissue. The both selenium alone and combination of magnesium and selenium significantly elevated total antioxidant status (TAS) in serum, activity of glutathione peroxidase and ratio of reduced glutathione to oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) in liver and retarded oxidative stress and histopathological changes in this tissue. Chronic administration of ethanol (alone and with magnesium) resulted in significant decrease in the serum total cholesterol and retardation in the body weight gain in comparison with the control group. In the groups supplemented with selenium and selenium and magnesium simultaneously, concentration of total cholesterol in serum and body gains was similar to the control group. Supplementation of Se or selenium and magnesium simultaneously significantly enhances antioxidant defence and is more effective against alcohol-induced oxidative stress, disturbance of liver function and cholesterol metabolism than the separate use of magnesium.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcin Zawadzki
- Department of Hygiene, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Krystyna Pawlas
- Department of Hygiene, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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Minuk GY, Hawkins K, Kaita KDE, Wong S, Renner E, Minuk L, Uhanova J. Daily ciprofloxacin treatment for patients with advanced liver disease awaiting liver transplantation reduces hospitalizations. Dig Dis Sci 2011; 56:1235-41. [PMID: 21057977 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-010-1456-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2010] [Accepted: 10/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progressive deterioration in liver function is a common cause of hepatic decompensation and indication for liver transplantation in patients with advanced liver disease. Previous studies in animal models of acute and chronic liver disease revealed that daily ciprofloxacin improves biochemical parameters of hepatic function. AIMS The primary objective of this study was to determine whether hepatic function improves in patients with advanced liver disease after 1 month of daily ciprofloxacin therapy. A secondary objective was to determine whether ciprofloxacin treatment for 1 or 3 months results in fewer hospitalizations for decompensated liver disease. METHODS Forty-four patients with advanced liver disease awaiting liver transplantation received oral ciprofloxacin (250 or 500 mg twice daily) or placebo for 1 (n=22/group) or 3 (n=10 ciprofloxacin, 14 placebo) months. RESULTS Compared to placebo recipients, ciprofloxacin-treated patients had mild improvements in serum albumin levels (+1.5 versus -3.4%, p=0.026) while bilirubin and international normalized ratios (INR) of prothrombin times remained unchanged. Overall, fewer hospitalizations occurred in ciprofloxacin-treated patients (1/22, 5% versus 7/22, 32%, respectively, p=0.02) during the study period. Treatment was well tolerated and no resistant infections occurred in either cohort. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that daily ciprofloxacin may result in fewer hospitalizations for patients with advanced liver diseases awaiting liver transplantation but not by enhancing hepatic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Y Minuk
- Section of Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Manitoba, 803F John Buhler Research Centre, 715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 3P4, Canada.
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Koriem KMM, Arbid MS, El-Gendy NFI. The protective role of Tropaeolum majus on blood and liver toxicity induced by diethyl maleate in rats. Toxicol Mech Methods 2011; 20:579-86. [PMID: 20883155 DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2010.518171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The protective role of Tropaelum majus (T.majus) methyl alcohol extract and vitamin E in the case of toxic effect induced by diethyl maleate was evaluated. Forty-two male albino rats were divided into seven groups of six rats each for 15 days. Group 1: normal control group. Group 2: taken daily oral dose of paraffin oil (0.25ml/100g b.wt rat). Group 3: received daily oral dose of vitamin E (100mg/kg b.wt rat). Group 4: taken daily oral dose of 10% of the LD50 of T.majus methyl alcohol extract. Groups 5–7: injected intra-peritoneally with diethyl maleate (5 μl/100g b.wt rat) but groups 6 and 7 received a daily oral dose of either vitamin E or 10% of the LD50 of T.majus methyl alcohol extract 1h prior to diethyl maleate injection. The present results revealed that diethyl maleate induced serum aspartate and alanine aminotransferases enzymes activities decreased in serum, but their activities in the hepatic tissue showed an increase. Glutathione and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase levels showed a decrease, but thiobarbituric acid reactive substances level showed an increase in both serum and liver tissue. Serum and liver proteins decreased in serum and liver tissue. A significant decrease in blood parameters (hemoglobin, hematocrit, as well as red and white blood cells) and serum glucose occurred. Histopathological results showed that diethyl maleate induced a hoop of edema in the hepatic periportal area; while T.majus methyl alcohol extract or vitamin E prior to diethyl maleate injection shift blood and liver toxicity induced by diethyl maleate towards normal values and preserved hepatic lobular architecture. In conclusion, pre-treatment with either T.majus methyl alcohol extract or vitamin E provide protection against blood and liver toxicity induced by diethyl maleate in rats, these results were confirmed by histological examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled M M Koriem
- Integrative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Malaysia.
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Hoefs JC, Morgan T, Ilagan BJ. Testing beneficial therapy in human cirrhosis using animal models of cirrhosis. Dig Dis Sci 2011; 56:929-30. [PMID: 21365242 PMCID: PMC3059786 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-011-1578-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John Carl Hoefs
- University of California Irvine Medical Center, University of California, Irvine, City Tower 400 Rm 810, Orange, CA 92868 USA
| | - Timothy Morgan
- University of California Irvine Medical Center, University of California, Irvine, City Tower 400 Rm 810, Orange, CA 92868 USA
| | - Bernard Joseph Ilagan
- University of California Irvine Medical Center, University of California, Irvine, City Tower 400 Rm 810, Orange, CA 92868 USA
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Rubén EC, Manuel VR, Agustín OR, Huerta M, Antonio FM, Iván DE. Ciprofloxacin utility as antifibrotic in the skin of patients with scleroderma. J Dermatol 2010; 37:323-9. [PMID: 20507401 DOI: 10.1111/j.1346-8138.2010.00826.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Scleroderma is an autoimmune connective tissue disorder that is characterized by microvascular injury, excessive fibrosis of the skin, and distinctive visceral changes that can involve the lungs, heart, kidneys and gastrointestinal tract. To date, although several drugs have been used to reduce fibrosis in scleroderma, there exists no effective pharmacological treatment. To determine if oral ciprofloxacin reduces the severity of scleroderma, a controlled, double-blind randomized clinical trial, with placebo, was conducted on 32 patients with diffuse and limited scleroderma, who received oral ciprofloxacin (250 mg) or placebo every 12 h. Skin induration and thickness of the patients were clinically evaluated using the modified Rodnan skin score at the beginning and once per month during 6 months of treatment with ciprofloxacin. To monitor progression of the disease, a monthly hematological exam and clinical evaluation was done to explore renal and hepatic function for each patient. Thirty patients completed the study; one from the treatment group was excluded when presenting a skin reaction and another from the placebo group abandoned the study due to an exacerbation of disease. At the sixth month of the study, the ciprofloxacin group of patients showed a diminution in the modified Rodnan skin score (58% vs 18%, P = 0.003), showing no significant alterations in the laboratory assays in either groups of patients. Our results suggest that oral administration of ciprofloxacin for 6 months reduces the severity of symptoms affecting the skin of patients with systemic scleroderma, and does so without important secondary effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enríquez-Casillas Rubén
- Zone General Hospital, No. 1, Mexican Institute for Social Security, University of Colima, Mexico
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Bitiren M, Musa D, Ozgonul A, Ozaslan M, Kocyigit A, . OS, E. Guldur M, Kilic I, Karakilcik AZ, Zerin M. Protective Effects of Green tea (Camelia sinensis), Hypericum perforatum and Urtica dioica on Hepatic Injury and Lymphocyte DNA Damage Induced by Carbon Tetrachloride in Wistar Rats. INT J PHARMACOL 2010. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2010.241.248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Shirin K, Imad S, Shafiq S, Fatima K. Determination of major and trace elements in the indigenous medicinal plant Withania somnifera and their possible correlation with therapeutic activity. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2009.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Gribilas G, Zarros A, Zira A, Giaginis C, Tsourouflis G, Liapi C, Spiliopoulou C, Theocharis SE. Involvement of hepatic stimulator substance in experimentally induced fibrosis and cirrhosis in the rat. Dig Dis Sci 2009; 54:2367-76. [PMID: 19082714 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-008-0623-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2008] [Accepted: 11/03/2008] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis results from sustained wound healing response to chronic liver injury. Liver cirrhosis, the end stage of the fibrotic process, is characterized by disruption of the entire liver architecture and reduced hepatocyte regenerative ability. Hepatic stimulator substance (HSS) is a liver-specific growth factor triggering hepatocyte proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Previous studies have indicated the involvement of HSS in animal models of acute liver injury. The aim of the present study was to investigate the involvement of HSS in the process of fibrosis and cirrhosis induction. Liver fibrosis and cirrhosis were induced in rats by thioacetamide (TAA) administration (300 mg/l) in the drinking water for 3 months, and animals were killed at 0, 1, 2, and 3 months of treatment. TAA administration resulted in progressively increasing liver fibrosis, leading to the onset of cirrhosis at the end of the experimental time. HSS was continuously produced during the course of fibrosis and cirrhosis induction, peaking at the 2nd month of TAA treatment, coinciding with markers of hepatic proliferative capacity, as thymidine kinase activity and DNA biosynthesis. Significantly reduced HSS activity was noted in cirrhotic liver (3rd month). In this case, the exogenous HSS administration during the 3rd month of TAA treatment suppressed the onset of liver cirrhosis, stimulating the hepatic regenerative capacity. Our data indicate the active participation of HSS in the process of fibrosis and cirrhosis induction post-TAA treatment in rats, suggesting also the beneficial effect of HSS treatment against cirrhosis induction with future possible clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Gribilas
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece
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Mendes MM, Vale LHF, Lucena MN, Vieira SAPB, Izidoro LFM, Junior RJO, Soares AM, Alcântara TM, Hamaguchi A, Homsi-Brandeburgo MI, Rodrigues VM. Acute toxicity of Schizolobium parahyba
aqueous extract in mice. Phytother Res 2009; 24:459-62. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor functional decrease in the hypothalamus during pancreatic regeneration in rats. Pancreas 2008; 37:e20-30. [PMID: 18580435 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0b013e3181661af4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In the present study, we investigated the alteration of gamma-aminobutyric acid A (GABAA) receptors in the hypothalamus of rats during pancreatic regeneration. METHODS Three groups of rats were used for the study: sham operated, 72 hours partially pancreatectomized, and 7 days partially pancreatectomized. The GABA receptor assay was performed by using the [H]GABA as ligand to the Triton X-100-treated membranes, and displacement with unlabeled GABA and [H]bicuculline binding to the GABAA receptors was assayed in Triton X-100-treated synaptic membranes and displacement with unlabeled bicuculline. RESULTS The GABA content in the brain regions and pancreas of the sham and experimental rat groups was quantified by displacement method. In the hypothalamus, the high-affinity GABAA receptor binding showed a significant decrease in maximal binding (P < 0.01) and equilibrium dissociation constant (P < 0.05) in 72 hours and 7 days partially pancreatectomized rats. The content of GABA has significantly decreased in the hypothalamus during the regeneration of pancreas. CONCLUSIONS This effect of GABAA receptors in hypothalamus suggests a regulatory role during active regeneration of pancreas that will have significance in insulin secretion.
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Das RK, Hossain SU, Bhattacharya S. Protective effect of diphenylmethyl selenocyanate against CCl4-induced hepatic injury. J Appl Toxicol 2007; 27:527-37. [PMID: 17351915 DOI: 10.1002/jat.1230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Organoselenocyanates represent an important class of chemopreventive agent, which possess antioxidative, antimutagenic as well as cancer chemopreventive properties. The present study is an attempt to evaluate the protective effect of diphenylmethyl selenocyanate -- a synthetic organoselenocyanate against carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4))-induced hepatic damage in Swiss albino mice in vivo. Mice were pretreated with the Se-compound orally in a duration dependent manner (7 and 15 days) to observe its protective action against an acute toxic dose (24 h) of CCl(4) (single injection at a dose of 20 microl and 50 microl kg(-1) b.w.) that induced hepatic necrosis and caused DNA damage (strand breaks) in the hepatocytes. This study revealed that pretreatment with the Se-compound reduced the extent of massive hepatic necrosis in a duration dependent manner, but it had no modulatory effect on hepatocellular apoptosis caused by acute toxic doses of CCl(4). It was also found that the Se-compound could significantly (P < 0.01) prevent the CCl(4)-induced elevation of DNA damage in hepatocytes measured by comet assay in a duration dependent manner. So these findings will further strengthen the view that organoselenocyanate is an effective chemopreventive agent against acute hepatic damage, caused by halogenated alkanes such as CCl(4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajat Kumar Das
- Department of Cancer Chemoprevention, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
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Minuk GY, Zhang M, Gong Y, Minuk L, Dienes H, Pettigrew N, Kew M, Lipschitz J, Sun D. Decreased hepatocyte membrane potential differences and GABAA-beta3 expression in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 2007; 45:735-45. [PMID: 17326191 DOI: 10.1002/hep.21562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED To determine whether hepatocyte membrane potential differences (PDs) are depolarized in human HCC and whether depolarization is associated with changes in GABAA receptor expression, hepatocyte PDs and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)A receptor messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression were documented in HCC tissues via microelectrode impalement, real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot analysis, respectively. HCC tissues were significantly depolarized (-19.8+/-1.3 versus -25.9+/-3.2 mV, respectively [P<0.05]), and GABAA-beta3 expression was down-regulated (GABAA-beta3 mRNA and protein expression in HCC; 5,693+/-1,385 and 0.29+/-0.11 versus 11,046+/-4,979 copies/100 mg RNA and 0.62+/-0.16 optical density in adjacent tumor tissues, respectively [P=0.002 and P<0.0001, respectively]) when compared with adjacent nontumor tissues. To determine the physiological relevance of the down-regulation, human malignant hepatocytes deficient in GABAA-beta3 receptor expression (Huh-7 cells) were transfected with GABAA-beta3 complementary DNA (cDNA) or vector alone and injected into nu/nu nude mice (n=16-17 group). Tumors developed after a mean (+/-SD) of 51+/-6 days (range: 41-60 days) in 7/16 (44%) mice injected with vector-transfected cells and 70+/-12 days (range: 59-86 days) in 4/17 (24%) mice injected with GABAA-beta3 cDNA-transfected cells (P<0.005). CONCLUSION The results of this study indicate that (1) human HCC tissues are depolarized compared with adjacent nontumor tissues, (2) hepatic GABAA-beta3 receptor expression is down-regulated in human HCC, and (3) restoration of GABAA-beta3 receptor expression results in attenuated in vivo tumor growth in nude mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Y Minuk
- Section of Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
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Gatzidou E, Kouraklis G, Theocharis S. Insights on augmenter of liver regeneration cloning and function. World J Gastroenterol 2006; 12:4951-8. [PMID: 16937489 PMCID: PMC4087396 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v12.i31.4951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2005] [Revised: 06/12/2006] [Accepted: 06/18/2006] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic stimulator substance (HSS) has been referred to as a liver-specific but species non-specific growth factor. Gradient purification and sequence analysis of HSS protein indicated that it contained the augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR), also known as hepatopoietin (HPO). ALR, acting as a hepatotrophic growth factor, specifically stimulated proliferation of cultured hepatocytes as well as hepatoma cells in vitro, promoted liver regeneration and recovery of damaged hepatocytes and rescued acute hepatic failure in vivo. ALR belongs to the new Erv1/Alr protein family, members of which are found in lower and higher eukaryotes from yeast to man and even in some double-stranded DNA viruses. The present review article focuses on the molecular biology of ALR, examining the ALR gene and its expression from yeast to man and the biological function of ALR protein. ALR protein seems to be non-liver-specific as was previously believed, increasing the necessity to extend research on mammalian ALR protein in different tissues, organs and developmental stages in conditions of normal and abnormal cellular growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisavet Gatzidou
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, University of Athens, Medical School, GR11527, Athens, Greece
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Dayoub R, Thasler WE, Bosserhoff AK, Singer T, Jauch KW, Schlitt HJ, Weiss TS. Regulation of polyamine synthesis in human hepatocytes by hepatotrophic factor augmenter of liver regeneration. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 345:181-7. [PMID: 16677602 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2006] [Accepted: 04/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Different stages of liver regeneration are regulated by a variety of factors such as the liver growth associated protein ALR, augmenter of liver regeneration. Furthermore, small molecules like polyamines were proven to be essential for hepatic growth and regeneration. Therefore, using primary human hepatocytes in vitro we investigated the effect of ALR on the biosynthesis of polyamines. We demonstrated by HPLC analysis that recombinant ALR enhanced intracellular hepatic putrescine, spermidine, and spermine levels within 9-12h. The activation of polyamine biosynthesis was dose dependent with putrescine showing the strongest increase. Additionally, ALR treatment induced mRNA expression of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase, both key enzymes of polyamine biosynthesis. Further, ALR induced c-myc mRNA expression, a regulator of ODC expression, and therefore we assume that ALR exerts its liver regeneration augmenting effects through stimulation of its signalling pathway leading in part to enhanced polyamine synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Dayoub
- Department of Surgery, University of Regensburg Hospital, Germany; Center for Liver Cell Research, University of Regensburg Hospital, Germany
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Chen L, Pan DD, Zhou J, Jiang YZ. Protective effect of selenium-enriched lactobacillus on CCl 4-induced liver injury in mice and its possible mechanisms. World J Gastroenterol 2005; 11:5795-800. [PMID: 16270387 PMCID: PMC4479678 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v11.i37.5795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To study the protective effects and mechanisms of Se-enriched lactobacillus on liver injury caused by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in mice.
METHODS: Seventy-two ICR mice were randomly divided into four groups: normal group, CCl4-induced model group, low Se-enriched lactobacillus treatment group (L-Se group), and high Se-enriched lactobacillus treatment group (H-Se group). During a 3-wk experimental period, the common complete diet was orally provided daily for normal group and model group, and the mice in L-Se and H-Se groups were given a diet with 2 and 4 mg of organoselenium from Se-enriched lactobacillus per kg feed, respectively. From the 2nd wk of experiment, the model group, L-Se group, and H-Se group received abdominal cavity injection of olive oil solution containing 500 mL/L CCl4 (0.07 mL/100 g body mass) to induce liver injury, and the normal group was given olive oil on every other day for over 2 wk. In the first 2 wk post injection with CCl4, mice in each group were killed. The specimens of blood, liver tissue, and macrophages in abdominal cavity fluid were taken. Then the activities of the following liver tissue injury-associated enzymes including glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) content were assayed. Changes of phagocytic rate and phagocytic index in macrophages were observed with Wright-Giemsa stain. Plasma TNF-α level was measured by radioimmunoassay. The level of intracellular free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) in hepatocytes was detected under a laser scanning confocal microscope.
RESULTS: During the entire experimental period, the AST and ALT activities in liver were greatly enhanced by CCl4 and completely blunted by both low and high doses of Se-enriched lactobacillus. The Se-enriched lactobacillus-protected liver homogenate GSH-Px and SOD activities were higher or significantly higher than those in model group and were close to those in normal group. CCl4 significantly increased MDA content in liver homogenates, while administration of Se-enriched lactobacillus prevented MDA elevation. Phagocytic rate and phagocytic index of macro-phages decreased after CCl4 treatment compared to those in normal control, but they were dramatically rescued by Se-enriched lactobacillus, showing a greatly higher phagocytic function compared to model group. CCl4 could significantly elevate plasma TNF-α and hepatocyte [Ca2+]ilevel, which were also obviously prevented by Se-enriched lactobacillus.
CONCLUSION: Se-enriched lactobacillus can intervene in CCl4-induced liver injury in mice by enhancing macrophage function activity to keep normal and beneficial effects, elevating antioxidant-enzyme activities and reducing lipid peroxidation reaction, inhibiting excessive release of TNF-α, preventing the dramatic elevation of [Ca2+]i in hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210097, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Thasler WE, Schlott T, Thelen P, Hellerbrand C, Bataille F, Lichtenauer M, Schlitt HJ, Jauch KW, Weiss TS. Expression of augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR) in human liver cirrhosis and carcinoma. Histopathology 2005; 47:57-66. [PMID: 15982324 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2005.02172.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine the expression of a protein termed augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR), recently found to have a specific and beneficial effect on the process of liver regeneration in normal and diseased human liver. METHODS AND RESULTS ALR expression in normal and cirrhotic human livers with various underlying diseases as well as in tissue samples of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocellular carcinoma (CCC) was analysed by immunohistochemistry and quantitative reverse transciptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Expression analysis of ALR in total liver protein extracts by Western blotting showed mainly dimeric ALR protein. Immunohistochemically, cytosolic and perinuclear immunosignals were found in hepatocytes and cholangiocytes in normal, cirrhotic or cancerous liver tissue and only weak signals in some endothelial cells in normal livers. Quantitative mRNA analysis revealed significantly increased ALR expression in cirrhosis compared with normal liver tissue. In HCC and CCC ALR mRNA expression was also significantly enhanced compared with normal liver tissue, but expression levels did not differ from the matching non-neoplastic tissue in the same patient. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest an important role for ALR in hepatocellular regeneration in liver cirrhosis as well as in hepatocarcinogenesis and therefore its potential value in the clinical diagnosis of hepatic cirrhosis and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- W E Thasler
- Department of Surgery, Ludwig Maximillians University of Munich Hospital Grosshadern, Munich, Germany
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Shen XH, Cheng WF, Li XH, Sun JQ, Li F, Ma L, Xie LM. Effects of dietary supplementation with vitamin E and selenium on rat hepatic stellate cell apoptosis. World J Gastroenterol 2005; 11:4957-61. [PMID: 16124045 PMCID: PMC4321909 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v11.i32.4957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with vitamin E and selenium on proliferation and apoptosis of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), in acute liver injury induced by CCl4, and to explore their role in the recovery from hepatic fibrosis phase.
METHODS: An acute liver damage model of rats was established by intraperitoneal injection of carbon tetrachloride (0.3 mL/100 g body weight) twice a week, then the rats were killed at 6, 24, 48, and 72 h after the first and third injection, respectively. A liver fibrosis model was established by the same injection for 8 wk. Then three rats were killed at 3, 7, 14, and 28 d after the last injection, respectively. The rats from the intervention group were fed with chow supplemented with vitamin E (250 mg/kg) and selenium (0.2 mg/kg), and the rats in the normal control group and pathological group were given standard chow. Livers were harvested and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Sirius red. Activated HSCs were determined by α-smooth muscle actin immunohistochemistry staining. Apoptotic HSCs were determined by dual staining with the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase UTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) and α-smooth muscle actin immunohistochemistry. Serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were also analyzed.
RESULTS: In the acute liver damage model, the degree of liver injury was more serious in the pathological group than in the intervention group. At each time point, the number of activated HSCs was less in the intervention group than in the pathological group, while the number of apoptotic HSCs was more in the intervention group than in the pathological group. In the liver fibrosis model, the degree of liver fibrosis was more serious in the pathological group than in the intervention group. At each time point, the number of activated HSCs was less in the intervention group than in the pathological group, and the number of apoptotic HSCs was more in the intervention group than in the pathological group.
CONCLUSION: Vitamin E and selenium supplementation at the given level can inhibit CCl4-induced activation and proliferation of HSCs and promote the apoptosis of activated HSCs in acute damage phase. Vitamin E and selenium can also effectively decrease the degree of hepatic fibrosis and promote the recovery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Hua Shen
- Department of Nutrition, Shanghai Second Medical University, Shanghai 200025, China.
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Abstract
AIM: To make drug sera of Salvia miltiorrhiza and Yigankang, both of which are Chinese herbs that activate bleeding and eliminate stasis, in normal rats and those with liver fibrosis, respectively. To investigate and compare the effects of the two different drug sera on the proliferation and activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs).
METHODS: Some rats were induced with liver fibrosis: 40% carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) subcutaneous injection, twice a week for 9 wk. Salvia miltiorrhiza, Yigankang, colchicines and normal saline were administered into the stomachs of normal rats and those with liver fibrosis. Drug sera were extracted 5 d later. HSCs in vitro were cultivated in different drug sera for 24 h. The rates of proliferation and expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were detected by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and immunocyt-ochemistry stain, respectively.
RESULTS: The drug sera from normal and liver fibrotic rats could be used to cultivate HSCs and to observe the effects of the corresponding components of herbs on HSCs. Salvia miltiorrhiza and Yigankang had better inhibitory effects on HSCs than colchicines (MTT: normal drug serum: Salvia miltiorrhiza 0.42±0.08, Yigankang 0.32±0.10 vs colchicines 0.45±0.12 pathological drug serum: Salvia miltiorrhiza 0.33±0.02, Yigankang 0.26±0.01 vs colchicines 0.41±0.09. P<0.05). The drug sera of Salvia miltiorrhiza, Yigankang from liver fibrotic rats had a stronger inhibitory effect than the same ones from normal rats (MTT: Salvia miltiorrhiza: normal drug serum 0.42±0.08 vs pathological drug serum 0.33±0.02. Yigankang: normal drug serum 0.32±0.10 vs pathological drug serum 0.26±0.01. P<0.05).
CONCLUSION: Salvia miltiorrhiza and Yigankang could inhibit the expression of α-SMA and the proliferation of HSCs. The drug sera from normal and liver fibrotic rats had different effects on HSCs, probably due to different metabolic processes, effective components and different quantities of drug contents in drug sera from rats with different states of liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Xian Yao
- Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, Department of Digestive Disease, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215, Hepingxi Road, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China.
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47
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Song SL, Gong ZJ, Zhang QR, Huang TX. Effects of Chinese traditional compound, JinSanE, on expression of TGF-β1 and TGF-β1 type II receptor mRNA, Smad3 and Smad7 on experimental hepatic fibrosis in vivo. World J Gastroenterol 2005; 11:2269-76. [PMID: 15818738 PMCID: PMC4305811 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v11.i15.2269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: The transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)/Smad signaling pathway system plays a prominent role in the control of cell growth and extracellular matrix formation in the progression of liver fibrogenesis. Smad proteins can either positively or negatively regulate TGF-β responses. In this study, the therapeutic effects of Chinese traditional compound decoction, JinSanE, and the changes of TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway system in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced rat experimental liver fibrosis were examined.
METHODS: Seventy-two healthy Wistar rats were assigned to groups including normal control group, CCl4 model group, JinSanE treatment group I and JinSanE treatment group II. Each group contained 18 rats. All groups, except the normal control group, received CCl4 subcutaneous injection for 8 wk. Rats in JinSanE groups I and II were orally treated with JinSanE daily at the 1st and 5th wk, respectively, after exposure to CCl4. The expression of TGF-β1 and TGF-β1 type II receptor (TRII) mRNA in the liver was determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and the expression of TGF-β1, Smad3 and Smad7 by immunohistochemistry. The liver histopathology was also examined by HE staining and observed under electron microscope. The activities of several serum fibrosis-associated enzymes, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), the levels of serum hyaluronic acid (HA) were assayed.
RESULTS: Hepatic fibrosis caused by CCl4 was significantly inhibited in the JinSanE-treated groups. The degrees of necrosis/degeneration and fibrosis scores were significantly lower in the JinSanE-treated groups than in the model control group. The expression of TGF-β1, TRII and Smad3 was significantly higher in the model group than that in the JinSanE-treated groups, and the active/total TGF-β1 ratio in the JinSanE groups was suppressed. Expression of TRII mRNA and Smad3 proteins showed a distribution pattern similar to that of TGF-β1 with a direct correlation in terms of the degree of hepatic fibrosis. The amount of positive staining Smad7 cells was significantly less in the model group than in the JinSanE-treated groups and the normal group. The contents of ALT, AST and HA were significantly lower in the JinSanE-treated groups than those in the model group.
CONCLUSION: Traditional Chinese medicine, JinSanE, prevents the progression of hepatic damage and fibrosis through the inhibition of TGF-β1, TRII and Smad3 signal proteins, and increases expression of Smad7 signal protein in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Ling Song
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital, Key Laboratory of Virology for Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
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Ozardali I, Bitiren M, Karakilçik AZ, Zerin M, Aksoy N, Musa D. Effects of selenium on histopathological and enzymatic changes in experimental liver injury of rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 56:59-64. [PMID: 15581276 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2004.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The most important antioxidant aspect of selenium is its function in the active site of selenoenzyme glutathione peroxidase. Glutathione peroxidase not only allows the removal of the toxic radicals but also permits the regeneration of lipid molecules through reacylation in the cellular membrane. Thus, GSHPx may prevent the harmful effects of free radicals and may reduce the formation of the reactive metabolites of carbon tetrachloride. Carbon tetrachloride is a hepatotoxic agent which generates haloalkane radicals during its biotransformation in the liver and is widely used to make the experimental model of hepatic damage. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to investigate the possible protective role of selenium on the experimental liver cirrhosis and some enzyme activities in blood plasma from rats. While the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were significantly increased (p < 0.05, p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively), gamma-glutamyle transferase (GGT) activity was not statistically affected (p < 0.05) with carbon tetrachloride-injection. The levels of AST, ALT and GGT in carbon tetrachloride-group decreased to nearly the enzyme values in control-group after the selenium-injection but the ALP was increased (p<0.01). On the other hand, it was noticed that selenium significantly decreased the hepatic injury. In conclusion, our results showed that carbon tetrachloride caused an increase in the activities of liver enzymes in plasma and selenium application decreased the hepatic injury. Plasma levels of the liver enzymes were decreased after selenium-injections. Based upon these results, selenium may play an important role in the preventive indication of hepatic cellular injury inducted by carbon tetrachloride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilyas Ozardali
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Harran, 63200-Sanliurfa, Turkey.
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He YT, Liu DW, Ding LY, Li Q, Xiao YH. Therapeutic effects and molecular mechanisms of anti-fibrosis herbs and selenium on rats with hepatic fibrosis. World J Gastroenterol 2004; 10:703-6. [PMID: 14991942 PMCID: PMC4716913 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v10.i5.703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM: To study the therapeutic effects of anti-fibrosis herbs and selenium on hepatic fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in rats and the underlining molecular mechanisms.
METHODS: Fifty-three Wistar rats were randomly divided into: normal control group, model control group, colchicine group, anti-fibrosis herbs group (AF group) and anti-fibrosis herbs plus selenium group (AS group). The last four groups were administered with CCl4 at the beginning of experiment to induce hepatic fibrosis. Then colchicine, anti-fibrosis herbs and selenium were used to treat them. The normal control group and the model control group were given normal saline at the same time. At the end of the 6th week, rats in each group were sacrificed. Blood and tissue specimens were taken. Serum indicators (ALT, AST, HA, LN) were determined and histopathological changes were graded. Lymphocyte CD4 and CD8 were examined by flow cytometry. Expression of TGF-β1 and NF-κB was detected by immunohistochemistry and expression of TGF-β1 mRNA was detected by semi-quantified RT-PCR.
RESULTS: Histological grading showed much a smaller degree of hepatic fibrogenesis in AS group and AF group than that in colchicine group and model control group. The serum content of ALT, AST, HA and LN in AF group and AS group were significantly lower than that in colchicine group (ALT: 65.8 ± 26.5, 67.3 ± 18.4 and 96.2 ± 20.9 in AF, AS and colchicine groups respectively; AST: 150.8 ± 34.0, 154.6 ± 27.3 and 215.8 ± 24.6 respectively; HA: 228 ± 83, 216 ± 58 and 416 ± 135 respectively; LN: 85.9 ± 15.0, 80.6 ± 18.6 and 106.3 ± 14.2 respectively) (P < 0.05). The level of CD4 and CD4/CD8 ratio in AF group and AS group was significantly higher that those in cochicine group (CD4: 50.8 ± 3.8, 52.6 ± 3.4 and 40.2 ± 2.1 in AF, AS and colchicine groups respectively; CD4/CD8 ratio: 1.45, 1.46 and 1.26, respectively (P < 0.05). The expression level of NF-κB and TGF-β1 in the liver tissues of AF and AS treatment groups was markedly decreased compared with that in cochicine group, and TGF-β1 mRNA was also markedly decreased (1.07 ± 0.31 and 0.98 ± 0.14 vs 2.34 ± 0.43, P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Anti-fibrosis herbs and selenium have beneficial effects on hepatic fibrosis in rats by enhancing immunity and inhibiting NF-κB and TGF-β1 expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Tong He
- Department of Epidemiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei Province, China
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Mezey E, Potter JJ, Rennie-Tankersley L, Caballeria J, Pares A. A randomized placebo controlled trial of vitamin E for alcoholic hepatitis. J Hepatol 2004; 40:40-6. [PMID: 14672612 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-8278(03)00476-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The effect of vitamin E administration on clinical and laboratory parameters of liver function and on markers of fibrogenesis was assessed in patients with mild to moderate alcoholic hepatitis in a double blind placebo controlled randomized trial. METHODS Twenty-five patients received 1000 I.U. of vitamin E per day, while 26 patients received placebo for 3 months. The patients were followed for 1 year after entry into the trial. RESULTS Vitamin E did not result in significant greater decreases in serum aminotransferases and serum bilirubin or in greater increases in serum albumin as compared with placebo. Prothrombin time did not change, while serum creatinine remained in the normal range. Monocyte nuclear nuclear factor-kappa B binding activity decreased in patients who remained abstinent, regardless of whether they received vitamin E. As regards markers of hepatic fibrogenesis, vitamin E treatment decreased serum hyaluronic acid (P<0.05) while serum aminoterminal peptide of type III procollagen did not change in either group. Four patients in the treatment group and five in the placebo group died during the 1-year study. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin E treatment improves serum hyaluronic acid but has no beneficial effects on tests of liver function in patients with mild to moderate alcoholic hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Mezey
- Department of Medicine, 921 Ross Building, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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