1
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Kumazoe M, Miyamoto E, Oka C, Kondo M, Yoshitomi R, Onda H, Shimada Y, Fujimura Y, Tachibana H. miR-12135 ameliorates liver fibrosis accompanied with the downregulation of integrin subunit alpha 11. iScience 2024; 27:108730. [PMID: 38235326 PMCID: PMC10792239 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Cirrhosis is becoming one of the most common diseases worldwide. Abnormal upregulation of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling plays a pivotal role in the excess activation of hepatic stellate cells. However, an efficient countermeasure against abnormal hepatic stellate cell activation is yet to be established because TGF-β signaling is involved in several biological processes. Herein, we demonstrated the antifibrotic effect of miR-12135, a microRNA with unknown function upregulated by isoflavone. Comprehensive transcriptome assay demonstrated that miR-12135 suppressed Integrin Subunit Alpha 11 (ITGA11) and that ITGA11 expression is correlated with alpha smooth muscle actin expression in patients with cirrhosis. miR-12135 suppressed the expression level of ITGA11 and liver fibrosis. Importantly, ITGA11 is overexpressed in activated hepatic stellate cells, whereas ITGA11 knockout mice are viable and fertile. In conclusions, the miR-12135/ITGA11 axis can be an ideal therapeutic target to suppress fibrosis by precisely targeting abnormally upregulated TGF-β signaling in hepatic stellate cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motofumi Kumazoe
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Emi Miyamoto
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Chihiro Oka
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Miyuki Kondo
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Ren Yoshitomi
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Onda
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yu Shimada
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Fujimura
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Tachibana
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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2
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Rabindranath M, Zaya R, Prayitno K, Orchanian-Cheff A, Patel K, Jaeckel E, Bhat M. A Comprehensive Review of Liver Allograft Fibrosis and Steatosis: From Cause to Diagnosis. Transplant Direct 2023; 9:e1547. [PMID: 37854023 PMCID: PMC10581596 DOI: 10.1097/txd.0000000000001547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in posttransplant care, long-term outcomes for liver transplant recipients remain unchanged. Approximately 25% of recipients will advance to graft cirrhosis and require retransplantation. Graft fibrosis progresses in the context of de novo or recurrent disease. Recurrent hepatitis C virus infection was previously the most important cause of graft failure but is now curable in the majority of patients. However, with an increasing prevalence of obesity and diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease as the most rapidly increasing indication for liver transplantation, metabolic dysfunction-associated liver injury is anticipated to become an important cause of graft fibrosis alongside alloimmune hepatitis and alcoholic liver disease. To better understand the landscape of the graft fibrosis literature, we summarize the associated epidemiology, cause, potential mechanisms, diagnosis, and complications. We additionally highlight the need for better noninvasive methods to ameliorate the management of graft fibrosis. Some examples include leveraging the microbiome, genetic, and machine learning methods to address these limitations. Overall, graft fibrosis is routinely seen by transplant clinicians, but it requires a better understanding of its underlying biology and contributors that can help inform diagnostic and therapeutic practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhumitha Rabindranath
- Ajmera Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rita Zaya
- Ajmera Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Khairunnadiya Prayitno
- Ajmera Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ani Orchanian-Cheff
- Library and Information Services, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Keyur Patel
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Elmar Jaeckel
- Ajmera Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mamatha Bhat
- Ajmera Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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3
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Demir M, Altinoz E, Koca O, Elbe H, Onal MO, Bicer Y, Karayakali M. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of crocin on the doxorubicin mediated hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats. Tissue Cell 2023; 84:102182. [PMID: 37523948 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DXR) is widely used in cancer treatment. However, it has not yet been possible to prevent the side effects of DXR. The aim of this study was to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of crocin against DXR used in cancer treatment. For this reason; forty Wistar rats (male-250-300 g) were allocated into four groups (n = 10/group): Control, Crocin, DXR and DXR+Crocin. Control and Crocin groups were administered saline and crocin (40 mg/kg, i.p) for 15 days, respectively. DXR group, cumulative dose 12 mg/kg DXR, was administered for 12 days via 48 h intervals in six injections (2 mg/kg each, i.p). DXR+Crocin group, crocin (40 mg/kg-i.p) was administered for 15 days, and DXR was given as in the DXR group. The results revealed that serum liver markers (alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) increased significantly after DXR administration but recovered after crocin therapy. In addition, lipid peroxidation (MDA), and inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α) increased after DXR application and the antioxidative defense system (GSH, SOD, CAT) significantly decreased and re-achieved by crocin treatment. Our results conclude that crocin treatment was related to ameliorated hepatocellular architecture and reduced hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation in rats with DXR-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Demir
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey.
| | - E Altinoz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey
| | - O Koca
- Department of Biochemistry, Karabuk University Education and Research Hospital, Karabuk, Turkey
| | - H Elbe
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mugla Sıtkı Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - M O Onal
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mugla Sıtkı Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Y Bicer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey
| | - M Karayakali
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey
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4
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Dumond Bourie A, Potier JB, Pinget M, Bouzakri K. Myokines: Crosstalk and Consequences on Liver Physiopathology. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071729. [PMID: 37049569 PMCID: PMC10096786 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disease mainly characterized by the hepatic accumulation of lipid inducing a deregulation of β-oxidation. Its advanced form is non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which, in addition to lipid accumulation, induces hepatocellular damage, oxidative stress and fibrosis that can progress to cirrhosis and to its final stage: hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To date, no specific therapeutic treatment exists. The implications of organ crosstalk have been highlighted in many metabolic disorders, such as diabetes, metabolic-associated liver diseases and obesity. Skeletal muscle, in addition to its role as a reservoir and consumer of energy and carbohydrate metabolism, is involved in this inter-organs’ communication through different secreted products: myokines, exosomes and enzymes, for example. Interestingly, resistance exercise has been shown to have a beneficial impact on different metabolic pathways, such as lipid oxidation in different organs through their secreted products. In this review, we will mainly focus on myokines and their effects on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and their complication: non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Dumond Bourie
- European Center for the Study of Diabetes (CeeD), Research Unit of Strasbourg University “Diabetes and Therapeutics”, UR7294, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Michel Pinget
- European Center for the Study of Diabetes (CeeD), Research Unit of Strasbourg University “Diabetes and Therapeutics”, UR7294, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Karim Bouzakri
- European Center for the Study of Diabetes (CeeD), Research Unit of Strasbourg University “Diabetes and Therapeutics”, UR7294, 67200 Strasbourg, France
- ILONOV, 67200 Strasbourg, France
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5
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Siler SQ. Applications of Quantitative Systems Pharmacology (QSP) in Drug Development for NAFLD and NASH and Its Regulatory Application. Pharm Res 2022; 39:1789-1802. [PMID: 35610402 PMCID: PMC9314276 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03295-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a widely prevalent disease, but approved pharmaceutical treatments are not available. As such, there is great activity within the pharmaceutical industry to accelerate drug development in this area and improve the quality of life and reduce mortality for NASH patients. The use of quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) can help make this overall process more efficient. This mechanism-based mathematical modeling approach describes both the pathophysiology of a disease and how pharmacological interventions can modify pathophysiologic mechanisms. Multiple capabilities are provided by QSP modeling, including the use of model predictions to optimize clinical studies. The use of this approach has grown over the last 20 years, motivating discussions between modelers and regulators to agree upon methodologic standards. These include model transparency, documentation, and inclusion of clinical pharmacodynamic biomarkers. Several QSP models have been developed that describe NASH pathophysiology to varying extents. One specific application of NAFLDsym, a QSP model of NASH, is described in this manuscript. Simulations were performed to help understand if patient behaviors could help explain the relatively high rate of fibrosis stage reductions in placebo cohorts. Simulated food intake and body weight fluctuated periodically over time. The relatively slow turnover of liver collagen allowed persistent reductions in predicted fibrosis stage despite return to baseline for liver fat, plasma ALT, and the NAFLD activity score. Mechanistic insights such as this that have been derived from QSP models can help expedite the development of safe and effective treatments for NASH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Q Siler
- DILIsym Services, a Division of Simulations Plus, 510-862-6027, 6 Davis Drive, PO Box 12317, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709, USA.
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6
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Zhong H, Gui X, Hou L, Lv R, Jin Y. From Inflammation to Fibrosis: Novel Insights into the Roles of High Mobility Group Protein Box 1 in Schistosome-Induced Liver Damage. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11030289. [PMID: 35335612 PMCID: PMC8951358 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11030289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a chronic helminthic disease of both humans and animals and the second most prevalent parasitic disease after malaria. Through a complex migration process, schistosome eggs trapped in the liver can lead to the formation of granulomas and subsequent schistosome-induced liver damage, which results in high mortality and morbidity. Although praziquantel can eliminate mature worms and prevent egg deposition, effective drugs to reverse schistosome-induced liver damage are scarce. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a multifunctional cytokine contributing to liver injury, inflammation, and immune responses in schistosomiasis by binding to cell-surface Toll-like receptors and receptors for advanced glycation end products. HMGB1 is increased in the serum of patients with schistosomiasis and enables hepatic stellate cells to adopt a proliferative myofibroblast-like phenotype, which is crucial to schistosome-induced granuloma formation. Inhibition of HMGB1 was found to generate protective responses against fibrotic diseases in animal models. Clinically, HMGB1 presents a potential target for treatment of the chronic sequelae of schistosomiasis. Here, the pivotal role of HMGB1 in granuloma formation and schistosome-induced liver damage, as well the potential of HMGB1 as a therapeutic target, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Zhong
- National Reference Laboratory for Animal Schistosomiasis, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (H.Z.); (X.G.); (L.H.); (R.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xiang Gui
- National Reference Laboratory for Animal Schistosomiasis, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (H.Z.); (X.G.); (L.H.); (R.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Ling Hou
- National Reference Laboratory for Animal Schistosomiasis, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (H.Z.); (X.G.); (L.H.); (R.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030031, China
| | - Rongxue Lv
- National Reference Laboratory for Animal Schistosomiasis, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (H.Z.); (X.G.); (L.H.); (R.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yamei Jin
- National Reference Laboratory for Animal Schistosomiasis, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (H.Z.); (X.G.); (L.H.); (R.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-021-34293150
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7
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Sharma R, Porterfield JE, An HT, Jimenez AS, Lee S, Kannan S, Sharma A, Kannan RM. Rationally Designed Galactose Dendrimer for Hepatocyte-Specific Targeting and Intracellular Drug Delivery for the Treatment of Liver Disorders. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:3574-3589. [PMID: 34324818 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Over two million people die of liver disorders every year globally. Hepatocytes are the key cells affected in several acute and chronic liver diseases. The current clinical outcomes of liver-targeted nanoparticles are limited, necessitating the need to develop smart hepatocyte-targeted drug delivery systems. Here, we present the rational design and development of a hepatocyte-targeting glycodendrimer (GAL-24) built from biocompatible building blocks, using expedite and facile chemical methodology. GAL-24 is designed to inherently target asialoglycoprotein receptor 1 (ASGP-R) on hepatocytes and shows significant accumulation in the liver (20% of injected dose), just 1 h after systemic administration. This is highly specific to hepatocytes, with over 80% of hepatocytes showing GAL-24-Cy5 signal at 24 h. GAL-24-Cy5 maintains hepatocyte-targeting capabilities in both a mouse model of severe acetaminophen poisoning-induced hepatic necrosis and a rat model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). This GAL-24 nanoplatform holds great promise for improved drug delivery to hepatocytes to combat many liver disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi Sharma
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Joshua E Porterfield
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Hyoung-Tae An
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States.,Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Ambar Scarlet Jimenez
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Seulki Lee
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States.,Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Sujatha Kannan
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States.,Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States.,Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Inc., Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Anjali Sharma
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Rangaramanujam M Kannan
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States.,Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Inc., Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
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8
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Pervin M, Hasan I, Kobir MA, Akter L, Karim MR. Immunophenotypic analysis of the distribution of hepatic macrophages, lymphocytes and hepatic stellate cells in the adult rat liver. Anat Histol Embryol 2021; 50:736-745. [PMID: 34128248 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The liver consists of parenchymal hepatocytes and non-parenchymal cells. Non-parenchymal cells, Kupffer cells, hepatic stellate cells and cholangiocytes have crucial roles in liver homeostasis and liver pathology. To establish baseline data, this study investigated immunohistochemically the distribution of non-parenchymal cells in perivenular areas (PV), periportal areas (PP) and Glisson's sheath (GS) of adult rat liver. Liver tissues were collected from the left lateral lobe of rats. CD163-positive macrophages were seen along the sinusoid of PV and PP areas, indicating Kupffer cells. Double immunofluorescence showed, Kupffer cells partly co-expressed CD68 and MHC class II antigens in the liver. The numbers of Kupffer cells were significantly high in PP areas as compared with PV or GS areas. CD68-positive exudative macrophages were highly localized in PP and GS areas and a comparatively low PV area. MHC class II-positive dendritic cells (activated macrophages) were localized mainly in GS. Granzyme B-positive NK cells were mainly localized in the Glisson's sheath. CD3-positive T cells and CD20-positive B cells were distributed along the sinusoids of the PP and PV areas of hepatic lobules. Vimentin and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive hepatic stellate cells were localized along sinusoids in the hepatic lobules of the liver. Cholangiocytes reacting to cytokeratin 19 were seen on interlobular bile ducts in Glisson's sheath of the liver. This study shows that heterogeneous macrophage populations, liver-resident lymphocytes and hepatic stellate cells localized in PP and PV areas or GS areas of the liver with cells specific patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munmun Pervin
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Imam Hasan
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Md Alamgir Kobir
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Latifa Akter
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Rabiul Karim
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
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9
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Demirel-Yalciner T, Sozen E, Ozaltin E, Sahin A, Ozer NK. alpha-Tocopherol supplementation reduces inflammation and apoptosis in high cholesterol mediated nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Biofactors 2021; 47:403-413. [PMID: 34101924 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation and apoptosis signaling are crucial steps in the progression from nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Alpha-tocopherol, the most active form of vitamin E, is an important modulator of signaling mechanisms, but its involvement to cholesterol-induced NASH pathogenesis remains poorly defined. Herein we have reported a novel effect of α-tocopherol in the transition from hepatic steatosis to NASH. High cholesterol diet alone (without α-tocopherol) in rabbits elevated NASH development as indicated by increased inflammatory response, apoptotic activity and liver fibrosis. Such elevation results from induction of signaling mechanisms since the expressions of IL1β, phospho c-Jun/c-Jun ratio, JNK, caspase 9, CHOP and Bax were increased, and recruitment of macrophage, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and COL1A1 into the liver tissue were induced. Alpha-tocopherol supplementation inhibited inflammatory response, apoptosis and fibrosis development without affecting lipid accumulation in high cholesterol-induced NASH. Specifically, α-tocopherol lowered the inflammatory level as observed by reduced macrophage infiltration and JNK/c-Jun signaling. Lower inflammatory status co-occurred with the reduction of CHOP and Bax expressions as well as fibrosis-related COL1A1 and α-SMA levels. Taken together, α-tocopherol supplementation inhibits cholesterol-induced NASH development by lowering JNK/c-Jun/inflammation axis in addition to JNK/CHOP/apoptosis signaling, which might contribute to resistance against NAFLD/NASH transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tugce Demirel-Yalciner
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research and Investigation Center (GEMHAM), Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erdi Sozen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research and Investigation Center (GEMHAM), Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esra Ozaltin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research and Investigation Center (GEMHAM), Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Sahin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research and Investigation Center (GEMHAM), Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nesrin Kartal Ozer
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research and Investigation Center (GEMHAM), Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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10
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Maharjan S, Bonilla D, Sindurakar P, Li H, Li W, Duarte S, Zarrinpar A, Zhang YS. 3D human nonalcoholic hepatic steatosis and fibrosis models. Biodes Manuf 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42242-020-00121-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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11
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Ting Soon GS, Wee A. Liver biopsy in the quantitative assessment of liver fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 2021; 64:S104-S111. [PMID: 34135151 DOI: 10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_947_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NAFLD/NASH) is a major cause of liver fibrosis/cirrhosis and liver-related mortality. Despite emergence of noninvasive tests, liver biopsy remains the mainstay for the diagnosis and assessment of disease severity and chronicity. Accurate detection and quantification of liver fibrosis with architectural localization are essential for assessing the severity of NAFLD and its response to antifibrotic therapy in clinical trials. Conventional histological scoring systems for liver fibrosis are semiquantitative. Collagen proportionate area is morphometric by measuring the percentage of fibrosis on a continuous scale but is limited by the absence of architectural input. Ultra-fast laser microscopy, e.g., second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging, has enabled in-depth analysis of fibrillary collagen based on intrinsic optical signals. Quantification and calculation of different detailed variables of collagen fibers can be used to establish algorithm-based quantitative fibrosis scores (e.g. qFibrosis, q-FPs) in NAFLD. Artificial intelligence is being explored to further develop quantitative fibrosis scoring methods. SHG microscopy should be considered the new gold standard for the quantitative assessment of liver fibrosis, reaffirming the pivotal role of the liver biopsy in NAFLD, at least for the near-future. The ability of SHG-derived algorithms to intuitively detect subtle nuances in liver fibrosis changes over a continuous scale should be employed to redress the efficacy endpoint for fibrosis in NASH clinical trials. The current decrease by 1-point or more in fibrosis stage may not be realistic for the evaluation of therapeutic response to antifibrotic drugs in relatively short-term trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aileen Wee
- Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, Singapore
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12
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Berardo C, Di Pasqua LG, Cagna M, Richelmi P, Vairetti M, Ferrigno A. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis: Current Issues and Future Perspectives in Preclinical and Clinical Research. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249646. [PMID: 33348908 PMCID: PMC7766139 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a continuum of liver abnormalities often starting as simple steatosis and to potentially progress into nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Because of its increasing prevalence, NAFLD is becoming a major public health concern, in parallel with a worldwide increase in the recurrence rate of diabetes and metabolic syndrome. It has been estimated that NASH cirrhosis may surpass viral hepatitis C and become the leading indication for liver transplantation in the next decades. The broadening of the knowledge about NASH pathogenesis and progression is of pivotal importance for the discovery of new targeted and more effective therapies; aim of this review is to offer a comprehensive and updated overview on NAFLD and NASH pathogenesis, the most recommended treatments, drugs under development and new drug targets. The most relevant in vitro and in vivo models of NAFLD and NASH will be also reviewed, as well as the main molecular pathways involved in NAFLD and NASH development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Andrea Ferrigno
- Correspondence: (L.G.D.P.); (A.F.); Tel.: +39-0382-986-451 (L.G.D.P.)
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13
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Soon G, Wee A. Updates in the quantitative assessment of liver fibrosis for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Histological perspective. Clin Mol Hepatol 2020; 27:44-57. [PMID: 33207115 PMCID: PMC7820194 DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2020.0181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NAFLD/NASH) is a major cause of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. Accurate assessment of liver fibrosis is important for predicting disease outcomes and assessing therapeutic response in clinical practice and clinical trials. Although noninvasive tests such as transient elastography and magnetic resonance elastography are preferred where possible, histological assessment of liver fibrosis via semiquantitative scoring systems remains the current gold standard. Collagen proportionate area provides more granularity by measuring the percentage of fibrosis on a continuous scale, but is limited by the absence of architectural input. Although not yet used in routine clinical practice, advances in second harmonic generation/two-photon excitation fluorescence (SHG/TPEF) microscopy imaging show great promise in characterising architectural features of fibrosis at the individual collagen fiber level. Quantification and calculation of different detailed variables of collagen fibers can be used to establish algorithm-based quantitative fibrosis scores (e.g., qFibrosis, q-FPs), which have been validated against fibrosis stage in NAFLD. Artificial intelligence is being explored to further refine and develop quantitative fibrosis scoring methods. SHG-microscopy shows promise as the new gold standard for the quantitative measurement of liver fibrosis. This has reaffirmed the pivotal role of the liver biopsy in fibrosis assessment in NAFLD, at least for the near-future. The ability of SHG-derived algorithms to intuitively detect subtle nuances in liver fibrosis changes over a continuous scale should be employed to redress the efficacy endpoint for fibrosis in NASH clinical trials; this approach may improve the outcomes of the trials evaluating therapeutic response to antifibrotic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwyneth Soon
- Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Aileen Wee
- Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Nithyananthan S, Sushmaa D, Myrthong I, Valluru L, Guha S, Hassan Mir I, Behera J, Thirunavukkarasu C. Curcuma longa and Trigonella foenum graecum-enriched nutrient mixture from germinated Macrotyloma uniflorum and Vigna radiate ameliorate nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases in rats. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13159. [PMID: 32017151 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver is increasing due to modern lifestyle. Germinated and dehulled Macrotyloma uniflorum and Vigna radiate were shown to have enhanced nutrients. Curcuma longa and Trigonella foenum graecum were proven hepatoprotective.The supplementation of the nutrient herbal mixture to the MCD diet-induced steatosis shows reduced hepatic fat accumulation and lipid profile, and liver injury markers in serum also reserved in normal. Increased serum albumin in the treatment group indicates that the liver function is enhanced than that of steatosis. The supplementation of the herbal mixture has preserved the hepatic antioxidant. Zymographic analysis of matrix metalloproteinase, western blot determination of α-SMA, and histological evolution (H&E, Sirius red) depicted reduced fibrosis and reveled management of hepatic stellate cells in quiescent form. The present study concludes that the herbal mixture has reduced hepatocyte fat accumulation in steatotic animals, and curtailed the oxidative stress, further it prevents the progression of steatohepatitis. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Fatty liver diseases can be treated by modulating the diet composition such as consuming food rich in the nutrient herbal mixture. In this study, the nutrient mixture was made with dynamic food processing techniques such as germination, dehulling, and milling to augment the nutritional contents. Besides, Macrotyloma uniflorum, Vigna radiate, Curcuma longa, and Trigonella foenum graecum were used to improve the medicinal value and antioxidant. This formulation could target the various stages of NAFLD. This study revealed that the nutrient herbal mixture reduces the steatosis of the liver and curtailed the progression of steatohepatitis from hepatic steatosis. Since the edible foodstuff was used to make the nutrient mixture, it has excellent clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dangudubiyyam Sushmaa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Ibansiewdor Myrthong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | | | - Shreyoshi Guha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Ishfaq Hassan Mir
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Jajnasenee Behera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
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15
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The effects of hepatic steatosis on thromboxane A2 induced portal hypertension. GASTROENTEROLOGIA Y HEPATOLOGIA 2019; 42:534-541. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gastrohep.2019.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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16
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High-fat and high-cholesterol diet decreases phosphorylated inositol-requiring kinase-1 and inhibits autophagy process in rat liver. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12514. [PMID: 31467308 PMCID: PMC6715744 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48973-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Precise molecular pathways involved in the progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) remain to be elucidated. As Mallory–Denk bodies were occasionally observed in the enlarged hepatocytes in NASH model rat (SHRSP5/Dmcr) fed high-fat and high-cholesterol (HFC) diet, we aimed to clarify the roles of autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in NASH progression. Male SHRSP5/Dmcr were randomly divided into 4 groups. Two groups were fed a control diet; the other two groups were fed a HFC diet for 2 and 8 weeks, respectively. The HFC diet increased the autophagy-related proteins levels and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-II/I ratio after 2 and 8 weeks, respectively. However, regarding ER stress-related proteins, the HFC diet decreased the levels of phosphorylated (p-) inositol-requiring kinase-1 (p-IRE-1) and p-protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase after 2 weeks. Additionally, the HFC diet increased anti-ubiquitin-positive cells and the level of the autophagy substrate p62, suggesting that the HFC diet induced dysfunction in ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation pathways. In conclusion, the HFC diet arrested the autophagy process in the liver; this was particularly associated with decreases in p-IRE-1 expression.
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17
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Liu P, de la Vega MR, Dodson M, Yue F, Shi B, Fang D, Chapman E, Liu L, Zhang DD. Spermidine Confers Liver Protection by Enhancing NRF2 Signaling Through a MAP1S-Mediated Noncanonical Mechanism. Hepatology 2019; 70:372-388. [PMID: 30873635 PMCID: PMC6597327 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Spermidine (SPD), a naturally occurring polyamine, has been recognized as a caloric restriction mimetic that confers health benefits, presumably by inducing autophagy. Recent studies have reported that oral administration of SPD protects against liver fibrosis and hepatocarcinogenesis through activation of microtubule associated protein 1S (MAP1S)-mediated autophagy. Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2) is a transcription factor that mediates cellular protection by maintaining the cell's redox, metabolic, and proteostatic balance. In this study, we demonstrate that SPD is a noncanonical NRF2 inducer, and that MAP1S is a component of this noncanonical pathway of NRF2 activation. Mechanistically, MAP1S induces NRF2 signaling through two parallel mechanisms, both resulting in NRF2 stabilization: (1) MAP1S competes with Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) for NRF2 binding through an ETGE motif, and (2) MAP1S accelerates p62-dependent degradation of KEAP1 by the autophagy pathway. We further demonstrate that SPD confers liver protection by enhancing NRF2 signaling. The importance of both NRF2 and p62-dependent autophagy in SPD-mediated liver protection was confirmed using a carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis model in wild-type, Nrf2-/- , p62-/- and Nrf2-/- ;p62-/- mice, as the protective effect of SPD was significantly reduced in NRF2 or p62 single knockout mice, and completely abolished in the double knockout mice. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate the pivotal role of NRF2 in mediating the health benefit of SPD, particularly in the context of liver pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Montserrat Rojo de la Vega
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Matthew Dodson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Fei Yue
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas
| | - Boyun Shi
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas
| | - Deyu Fang
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Eli Chapman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Leyuan Liu
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas
| | - Donna D. Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
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18
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Sato K, Kennedy L, Liangpunsakul S, Kusumanchi P, Yang Z, Meng F, Glaser S, Francis H, Alpini G. Intercellular Communication between Hepatic Cells in Liver Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092180. [PMID: 31052525 PMCID: PMC6540342 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver diseases are perpetuated by the orchestration of hepatocytes and other hepatic non-parenchymal cells. These cells communicate and regulate with each other by secreting mediators such as peptides, hormones, and cytokines. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), small particles secreted from cells, contain proteins, DNAs, and RNAs as cargos. EVs have attracted recent research interests since they can communicate information from donor cells to recipient cells thereby regulating physiological events via delivering of specific cargo mediators. Previous studies have demonstrated that liver cells secrete elevated numbers of EVs during diseased conditions, and those EVs are internalized into other liver cells inducing disease-related reactions such as inflammation, angiogenesis, and fibrogenesis. Reactions in recipient cells are caused by proteins and RNAs carried in disease-derived EVs. This review summarizes cell-to-cell communication especially via EVs in the pathogenesis of liver diseases and their potential as a novel therapeutic target.
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Grants
- R01 DK110035 NIDDK NIH HHS
- I01 BX000574 BLRD VA
- IK6 BX004601 BLRD VA
- R01 DK108959 NIDDK NIH HHS
- K01 AA026385 NIAAA NIH HHS
- I01 BX001724 BLRD VA
- DK054811, DK076898, DK107310, DK110035, DK062975, AA025997, DK108959, AA025208, DK107682, AA026917, AA026903, AA025157, and AA026385 NIH HHS
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisaku Sato
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
- Indiana Center for Liver Research, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Lindsey Kennedy
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
- Indiana Center for Liver Research, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Suthat Liangpunsakul
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
- Indiana Center for Liver Research, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Praveen Kusumanchi
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
- Indiana Center for Liver Research, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Zhihong Yang
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
- Indiana Center for Liver Research, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Fanyin Meng
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
- Indiana Center for Liver Research, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Shannon Glaser
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University, Temple, TX 76504, USA.
| | - Heather Francis
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
- Indiana Center for Liver Research, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
- Indiana Center for Liver Research, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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Lee YK, Park JE, Lee M, Hardwick JP. Hepatic lipid homeostasis by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2. LIVER RESEARCH 2018; 2:209-215. [PMID: 31245168 PMCID: PMC6594548 DOI: 10.1016/j.livres.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ or PPARG) is a ligand-activated transcription factor belonging to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. It plays a master role in the differentiation and proliferation of adipose tissues. It has two major isoforms, PPARγ1 and PPARγ2, encoded from a single gene using two separate promoters and alternative splicing. Among them, PPARγ2 is most abundantly expressed in adipocytes and plays major adipogenic and lipogenic roles in the tissue. Furthermore, it has been shown that PPARγ2 is also expressed in the liver, specifically in hepatocytes, and its expression level positively correlates with fat accumulation induced by pathological conditions such as obesity and diabetes. Knockout of the hepatic Pparg gene ameliorates hepatic steatosis induced by diet or genetic manipulations. Transcriptional activation of Pparg in the liver induces the adipogenic program to store fatty acids in lipid droplets as observed in adipocytes. Understanding how the hepatic Pparg gene expression is regulated will help develop preventative and therapeutic treatments for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Due to the potential adverse effect of hepatic Pparg gene deletion on peripheral tissue functions, therapeutic interventions that target PPARγ for fatty liver diseases require fine-tuning of this gene's expression and transcriptional activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Kwang Lee
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA,Corresponding author. Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA., (Y.K. Lee)
| | - Jung Eun Park
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Chonbuk National University, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Mikang Lee
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - James P. Hardwick
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
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20
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Li X, George SM, Vernetti L, Gough AH, Taylor DL. A glass-based, continuously zonated and vascularized human liver acinus microphysiological system (vLAMPS) designed for experimental modeling of diseases and ADME/TOX. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:2614-2631. [PMID: 30063238 PMCID: PMC6113686 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00418h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The vLAMPS is a human, biomimetic liver MPS, in which the ECM and cell seeding of the intermediate layer prior to assembly, simplifies construction of the model and makes the platform user-friendly. This primarily glass microfluidic device is optimal for real-time imaging, while minimizing the binding of hydrophobic drugs/biologics to the materials that constitute the device. The assembly of the three layered device with primary human hepatocytes and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs), and human cell lines for stellate and Kupffer cells, creates a vascular channel separated from the hepatic channel (chamber) by a porous membrane that allows communication between channels, recapitulating the 3D structure of the liver acinus. The vascular channel can be used to deliver drugs, immune cells, as well as various circulating cells and other factors to a stand-alone liver MPS and/or to couple the liver MPS to other organ MPS. We have successfully created continuous oxygen zonation by controlling the flow rates of media in the distinct vascular and hepatic channels and validated the computational modeling of zonation with oxygen sensitive and insensitive beads. This allows the direct investigation of the role of zonation in physiology, toxicology and disease progression. The vascular channel is lined with human LSECs, recapitulating partial immunologic functions within the liver sinusoid, including the activation of LSECs, promoting the binding of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) followed by transmigration into the hepatic chamber. The vLAMPS is a valuable platform to investigate the functions of the healthy and diseased human liver using all primary human cell types and/or iPSC-derived cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
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21
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Munsterman ID, Kendall TJ, Khelil N, Popa M, Lomme R, Drenth JPH, Tjwa ETTL. Extracellular matrix components indicate remodelling activity in different fibrosis stages of human non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Histopathology 2018; 73:612-621. [PMID: 29856896 DOI: 10.1111/his.13665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The composition of several important extracellular matrix components (ECM) has not yet been elucidated in human non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We aim to investigate the proportion of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs) in human NAFLD liver tissue with respect to severity of inflammation and fibrosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Histopathological features were quantified by NAFLD activity score and grading assignment. The collagen proportionate area (CPA) was measured. Slides were stained with alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), as a marker of activated HSCs, and α-SMA was quantified digitally. Zymography was performed to measure the proteolytic activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9. TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 protein concentration was measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). α-SMA was higher in severe fibrosis (6.3%, interquartile range 2.9-13.1) than mild and no fibrosis (median 1.1 and 0.9%, P < 0.001) and correlated strongly with CPA (Rs = 0.870, P < 0.001). ProMMP-2 activity in severe (4.1%, IQR 2.6-16.2) and mild fibrosis (2.7%, IQR 1.9-3.9) was higher than in no fibrosis (1.5%, (IQR 0.95-2.1); P = 0.001 and P = 0.046) and showed a moderate positive correlation with CPA (Rs = 0.495, P = 0.001). TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 were significantly higher in severe fibrosis than mild or no fibrosis. Both showed moderate correlation with CPA (TIMP-1: Rs = 0.471, P = 0.002 and TIMP-2: Rs = 0.325, P = 0.036). MMP-9 correlated as the only ECM component to inflammation severity. CONCLUSIONS Advanced human NAFLD-fibrosis has a distinct ECM composition with increased HSCs and increased TIMP inhibition, but there is also ongoing remodelling activity of MMP-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle D Munsterman
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Nawel Khelil
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Madalina Popa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Roger Lomme
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Joost P H Drenth
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Eric T T L Tjwa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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22
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Weaver L, Hamoud AR, Stec DE, Hinds TD. Biliverdin reductase and bilirubin in hepatic disease. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2018; 314:G668-G676. [PMID: 29494209 PMCID: PMC6032063 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00026.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The buildup of fat in the liver (hepatic steatosis) is the first step in a series of incidents that may drive hepatic disease. Obesity is the leading cause of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), in which hepatic steatosis progresses to liver disease. Chronic alcohol exposure also induces fat accumulation in the liver and shares numerous similarities to obesity-induced NAFLD. Regardless of whether hepatic steatosis is due to obesity or long-term alcohol use, it still may lead to hepatic fibrosis, cirrhosis, or possibly hepatocellular carcinoma. The antioxidant bilirubin and the enzyme that generates it, biliverdin reductase A (BVRA), are components of the heme catabolic pathway that have been shown to reduce hepatic steatosis. This review discusses the roles for bilirubin and BVRA in the prevention of steatosis, their functions in the later stages of liver disease, and their potential therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Weaver
- 1Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Abdul-rizaq Hamoud
- 1Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio
| | - David E. Stec
- 2Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Terry D. Hinds
- 1Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio
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23
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Millings EJ, De Rosa MC, Fleet S, Watanabe K, Rausch R, Egli D, Li G, Leduc CA, Zhang Y, Fischer SG, Leibel RL. ILDR2 has a negligible role in hepatic steatosis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197548. [PMID: 29847571 PMCID: PMC5976177 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported that Ildr2 knockdown via adenovirally-delivered shRNA causes hepatic steatosis in mice. In the present study we investigated hepatic biochemical and anatomic phenotypes of Cre-mediated Ildr2 knock-out mice. Liver-specific Ildr2 knock-out mice were generated in C57BL/6J mice segregating for a floxed (exon 1) allele of Ildr2, using congenital and acute (10-13-week-old male mice) Cre expression. In addition, Ildr2 shRNA was administered to Ildr2 knock-out mice to test the effects of Ildr2 shRNA, per se, in the absence of Ildr2 expression. RNA sequencing was performed on livers of these knockdown and knockout mice. Congenital and acute liver-specific and hepatocyte-specific knockout mice did not develop hepatic steatosis. However, administration of Ildr2 shRNA to Ildr2 knock-out mice did cause hepatic steatosis, indicating that the Ildr2 shRNA had apparent "off-target" effects on gene(s) other than Ildr2. RNA sequencing and BLAST sequence alignment revealed Dgka as a candidate gene mediating these "off-target" effects. Ildr2 shRNA is 63% homologous to the Dgka gene, and Dgka expression decreased only in mice displaying hepatic steatosis. Dgka encodes diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) alpha, one of a family of DGKs which convert diacylglycerides to phosphatidic acid for second messenger signaling. Dgka knockdown mice would be expected to accumulate diacylglyceride, contributing to the observed hepatic steatosis. We conclude that ILDR2 plays a negligible role in hepatic steatosis. Rather, hepatic steatosis observed previously in Ildr2 knockdown mice was likely due to shRNA targeting of Dgka and/or other "off-target" genes. We propose that the gene candidates identified in this follow-up study may lead to identification of novel regulators of hepatic lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Millings
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center and Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Maria Caterina De Rosa
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center and Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Sarah Fleet
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center and Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Kazuhisa Watanabe
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center and Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Richard Rausch
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center and Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Dieter Egli
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center and Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Gen Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Charles A Leduc
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center and Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Yiying Zhang
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center and Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Stuart G Fischer
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center and Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Rudolph L Leibel
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center and Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
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24
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Interaction of hepatic stellate cells with neutrophils and macrophages in the liver following oncogenic kras activation in transgenic zebrafish. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8495. [PMID: 29855567 PMCID: PMC5981472 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26612-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC) plays a crucial role in the liver disease progression from liver fibrosis/cirrhosis to cancer. Here, we found a rapid change of microenvironment after krasV12-induction in zebrafish liver with progressively increased stromal cell number and enlarged liver size. Neutrophils and macrophages exhibited a faster response than HSCs. By manipulating the numbers of neutrophils and macrophages through morpholino knockdown, we found that macrophages contributed to both HSC survival and activation while neutrophils appear to be only required for HSC activation. Serotonin, which is essential for HSC survival and activation, was found up-regulated in hepatocytes and macrophages, but not in neutrophils after krasV12 induction. Serotonin receptor was highly expressed in HSCs; increase of the receptor activity by an agonist stimulated HSCs and oncogenic growth of the liver while an opposite effect was observed with an antagonist. Activated HSCs promoted the pro-tumorigenesis functions of neutrophils and macrophages through secretion of Tgfb1. Overall, these observations elucidated a cellular interaction in microenvironment where that upregulated serotonin in hepatocytes and macrophages activated HSCs. Since the microenvironment crosstalk plays a vital role in manipulation of liver carcinogenesis, the underlying mechanism may provide potential therapeutic targets for liver diseases.
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25
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Keskitalo A, Munukka E, Toivonen R, Hollmén M, Kainulainen H, Huovinen P, Jalkanen S, Pekkala S. Enterobacter cloacae administration induces hepatic damage and subcutaneous fat accumulation in high-fat diet fed mice. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198262. [PMID: 29847581 PMCID: PMC5976205 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that gut microbiota plays a significant role in obesity, insulin resistance and associated liver disorders. Family Enterobacteriaceae and especially Enterobacter cloacae strain B29 have been previously linked to obesity and hepatic damage. The underlying mechanisms, however, remain unclear. Therefore, we comprehensively examined the effects of E. cloacae subsp. cloacae (ATCC® 13047™) administration on host metabolism of mice fed with high-fat diet (HFD). C57BL/6N mice were randomly divided into HFD control, chow control, and E. cloacae treatment groups. The E. cloacae treatment group received live bacterial cells in PBS intragastrically twice a week, every other week for 13 weeks. Both control groups received PBS intragastrically. After the 13-week treatment period, the mice were sacrificed for gene and protein expression and functional analyses. Our results show that E. cloacae administration increased subcutaneous fat mass and the relative proportion of hypertrophic adipocytes. Both subcutaneous and visceral fat had signs of decreased insulin signaling and elevated lipolysis that was reflected in higher serum glycerol levels. In addition, E. cloacae -treated mice had significantly higher hepatic AST and AST/ALT ratio, and their liver histology indicated fibrosis, demonstrating that E. cloacae subsp. cloacae administration promotes hepatic damage in HFD fed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anniina Keskitalo
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Eveliina Munukka
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Raine Toivonen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Maija Hollmén
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Medicity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Heikki Kainulainen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Pentti Huovinen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Sirpa Jalkanen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Medicity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Satu Pekkala
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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26
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An Investigation of Degrees and Possible Biomarkers of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver (NAFL) Disease. ANADOLU KLINIĞI TIP BILIMLERI DERGISI 2018. [DOI: 10.21673/anadoluklin.370144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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27
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Mohamed IN, Sarhan NR, Eladl MA, El-Remessy AB, El-Sherbiny M. Deletion of Thioredoxin-interacting protein ameliorates high fat diet-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis through modulation of Toll-like receptor 2-NLRP3-inflammasome axis: Histological and immunohistochemical study. Acta Histochem 2018; 120:242-254. [PMID: 29482933 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Endemic prevalence of obesity is associated with alarming increases in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with limited available therapeutics. Toll-like receptor2 (TLR2) and Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) Inflammasome are implicated in hepatic steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis; the histological landmark stages of NASH. TXNIP, a member of α-arrestin family activates NLRP3 in response to various danger stimuli. The aim of current work was to investigate the effect of TXNIP genetic deletion on histological manifestations of high fat diet-induced steatohepatitis and activation of TLR2-NLRP3-inflammasome axis. Wild-type mice (WT) and TXNIP knock out (TKO) littermates were randomized to normal diet (WT-ND and TKO-ND) or high fat diet (HFD, 60% fat) (WT-HFD and TKO-HFD). After 8-weeks, liver samples from all groups were evaluated by histological, immunohistochemical and western blot analysis. HFD resulted in significant induction of micro and macrovesicular hepatic steatosis, that was associated with increased inflammatory immune cell infiltration in WT-HFD compared with WT-ND and TKO-ND controls, but not in TKO-HFD group. In parallel, WT-HFD group showed significant fibrosis and α-SMA expression; a marker of pro-fibrotic stellate-cell activation, in areas surrounding the central vein and portal circulation, versus all other groups. Western blot revealed increased activation of TLR2-NLRP3 inflammasome pathway and downstream IL-1β and TNFα in WT-HFD group, but not in TKO-HFD group. IL-1β expression coincided within the same areas of steatosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, collagen deposition and α-SMA expression in WT-HFD mice, that was significantly reduced in TKO-HFD mice. In conclusion, TXNIP deletion ameliorates the HFD-induced steatosis, inflammatory and fibrotic response via modulation of TLR2-NLRP3 inflammasome axis. Targeting TXNIP-TLR2-NLRP3 pathway may provide potential therapeutic modalities for NASH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam N Mohamed
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA, USA; Augusta Biomedical Research Corporation, Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA.
| | - Nahla Reda Sarhan
- Department of Histology & Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Ahmed Eladl
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt.
| | - Azza B El-Remessy
- Augusta Biomedical Research Corporation, Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA.
| | - Mohamed El-Sherbiny
- Department of Medicine, Al-Maarefa College, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt.
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28
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Carson JP, Ramm GA, Robinson MW, McManus DP, Gobert GN. Schistosome-Induced Fibrotic Disease: The Role of Hepatic Stellate Cells. Trends Parasitol 2018. [PMID: 29526403 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis is a common pathology in various liver diseases. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are the main cell type responsible for collagen deposition and fibrosis formation in the liver. Schistosomiasis is characterised by granulomatous fibrosis around parasite eggs trapped within the liver and other host tissues. This response is facilitated by the recruitment of immune cells and the activation of HSCs. The interactions between HSCs and schistosome eggs are complex and diverse, and a better understanding of these interactions could lead to improved resolution of fibrotic liver disease, including that associated with schistosomiasis. Here, we discuss recent advances in HSC biology and the role of HSCs in hepatic schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack P Carson
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Grant A Ramm
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Locked Bag 2000, Royal Brisbane Hospital QLD 4029, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Level 6, Oral Health Centre (Building), Herston Road, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Mark W Robinson
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Donald P McManus
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Locked Bag 2000, Royal Brisbane Hospital QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Geoffrey N Gobert
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
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29
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Patel V, Joharapurkar A, Kshirsagar S, Patel M, Sutariya B, Patel H, Pandey D, Patel D, Ranvir R, Kadam S, Bahekar R, Jain M. Coagonist of glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucagon receptors ameliorates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 96:587-596. [PMID: 29406832 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2017-0683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is often associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Coagonists of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) and glucagon receptor (GCGR) are under clinical investigation for the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes. In this study, we have demonstrated the effect of a balanced coagonist in the treatment of NAFLD using mouse models. GLP-1R agonist exendin-4, glucagon, and coagonist (Aib2 C24 chimera2) were administered to C57BL6/J mice, in which NAFLD was induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) treatment after high-fat diet (HFD) feeding, and choline-deficient, L-amino-acid-defined HFD (CDAHFD) feeding. Repeated dose administration of coagonist significantly attenuated liver inflammation and steatosis induced by acute and long-term treatment with CCl4 in HFD-fed mice. Coagonist markedly attenuated the CDAHFD-induced expression of TIMP-1, MMP-9, TNF-α, MCP-1, COL1A1, and α-SMA. It also inhibited progression of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in mice. Exendin-4 was better than glucagon, but coagonist was most effective in reduction of hepatic inflammation as well as steatosis. Coagonist of GLP-1R and GCGR improved NAFLD in C57BL6/J mice. This effect is mediated by reduction in lipotoxicity and inflammation in liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Patel
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. No. 8A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad, 382210, India.,Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. No. 8A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad, 382210, India
| | - Amit Joharapurkar
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. No. 8A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad, 382210, India.,Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. No. 8A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad, 382210, India
| | - Samadhan Kshirsagar
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. No. 8A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad, 382210, India.,Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. No. 8A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad, 382210, India
| | - Maulik Patel
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. No. 8A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad, 382210, India.,Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. No. 8A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad, 382210, India
| | - Brijesh Sutariya
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. No. 8A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad, 382210, India.,Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. No. 8A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad, 382210, India
| | - Hiren Patel
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. No. 8A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad, 382210, India.,Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. No. 8A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad, 382210, India
| | - Dheerendra Pandey
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. No. 8A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad, 382210, India.,Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. No. 8A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad, 382210, India
| | - Dipam Patel
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. No. 8A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad, 382210, India.,Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. No. 8A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad, 382210, India
| | - Ramchandra Ranvir
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. No. 8A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad, 382210, India.,Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. No. 8A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad, 382210, India
| | - Shekhar Kadam
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. No. 8A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad, 382210, India.,Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. No. 8A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad, 382210, India
| | - Rajesh Bahekar
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. No. 8A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad, 382210, India.,Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. No. 8A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad, 382210, India
| | - Mukul Jain
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. No. 8A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad, 382210, India.,Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. No. 8A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad, 382210, India
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30
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Fleet SE, Lefkowitch JH, Lavine JE. Current Concepts in Pediatric Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2017; 46:217-231. [PMID: 28506362 DOI: 10.1016/j.gtc.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a spectrum of disease. Its increasing prevalence is a direct result of historically high rates of obesity. Hepatocyte lipid accumulation is the first step in a cascade of metabolic and inflammatory events thought to precipitate NAFLD. Histologic findings provide insight into these events. Lifestyle modification remains the primary therapy in children. Current recommendations include vitamin E treatment in those with biopsy-proven NASH. Trials of novel drugs are ongoing in adults. As efficacy/safety are established, these therapies may be tenable for use in children. At the current time, biopsy-driven histology endpoints are necessary to establish whether future therapies can improve pediatric or adult-type NASH in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Fleet
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Columbia University Medical Center, 622 West 168th Street, PH17-119, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jay H Lefkowitch
- Department of Pathology, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, PH 15W 1574, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Joel E Lavine
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Columbia University Medical Center, 622 West 168th Street, PH17-105F, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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31
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Tang Y, Zhang Q, Zhu Y, Chen G, Yu F. Low concentrations of bilirubin inhibit activation of hepatic stellate cells in vitro. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:1647-1653. [PMID: 28260031 PMCID: PMC5364989 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation serves a key role in liver fibrosis, and is associated with chronic liver diseases. Bilirubin, a product of heme degradation, has been demonstrated to have antioxidant properties. The present study investigated the effects of physiological concentrations of bilirubin on rat HSC activation. Rat HSCs were isolated and cultured for several generations to induce activation. The activated HSCs were subsequently treated with 0, 1, 10 or 20 mg/l bilirubin and assayed for parameters of cell activation. As the bilirubin concentration increased, HSCs demonstrated reduced production of reactive oxygen species, reduced protein expression levels of α-smooth muscle actin, a decreased mRNA expression ratio of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1/matrix metalloproteinase-2, decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis. In conclusion, elevated bilirubin levels, within its physiological concentration range, appeared to inhibit HSC activation. These findings suggested a potential role for bilirubin in the treatment of fibrosis that requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinhe Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Qiyu Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Yefan Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Fuxiang Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
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32
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Trasino SE, Tang XH, Jessurun J, Gudas LJ. A retinoic acid receptor β2 agonist reduces hepatic stellate cell activation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Mol Med (Berl) 2016; 94:1143-1151. [PMID: 27271256 PMCID: PMC5053866 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-016-1434-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are an important cellular target for the development of novel pharmacological therapies to prevent and treat nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD). Using a high fat diet (HFD) model of NAFLD, we sought to determine if synthetic selective agonists for retinoic acid receptor β2 (RARβ2) and RARγ can mitigate HSC activation and HSC relevant signaling pathways during early stages of NAFLD, before the onset of liver injury. We demonstrate that the highly selective RARβ2 agonist, AC261066, can reduce the activation of HSCs, marked by decreased HSC expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), in mice with HFD-induced NAFLD. Livers of HFD-fed mice treated with AC261066 exhibited reduced steatosis, oxidative stress, and expression of pro-inflammatory mediators, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1). Kupffer cell (macrophage) expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), which plays a critical role in early HSC activation, was markedly reduced in AC261066-treated, HFD-fed mice. In contrast, HFD-fed mice treated with an RARγ agonist (CD1530) showed no decreases in steatosis, HSC activation, or Kupffer cell TGF-β1 levels. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that RARβ2 is an attractive target for development of NAFLD therapies. KEY MESSAGES • Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are an important pharmacological target for the prevention of nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD). • Retinoids and retinoic acid receptors (RARs) possess favorable metabolic modulating properties. • We show that an agonist for retinoic acid receptor-β2 (RARβ2), but not RARγ, mitigates HSC activation and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven E. Trasino
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, Tel.: 212-746-6250; Fax: 212-746-8858, , ,
| | - Xiao-Han Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, Tel.: 212-746-6250; Fax: 212-746-8858, , ,
| | - Jose Jessurun
- Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 525 East 68th Street New York, NY 10065, Tel.: 212-746-2700; Fax: 212-746-8624,
| | - Lorraine J. Gudas
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, Tel.: 212-746-6250; Fax: 212-746-8858, , ,
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33
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Yigit F, Gurel-Gurevin E, Isbilen-Basok B, Esener OBB, Bilal T, Keser O, Altiner A, Yilmazer N, Ikitimur-Armutak EI. Protective effect of Spirulina platensis against cell damage and apoptosis in hepatic tissue caused by high fat diet. Biotech Histochem 2016; 91:182-94. [PMID: 26820259 DOI: 10.3109/10520295.2015.1114142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Spirulina platensis is a microalga that may be a source of antioxidants that can reduce body fat deposition. Consumption of a high fat diet produces elevated blood lipid levels, inflammation and apoptosis. We investigated the possible effects of S. platensis on the blood lipid profile, and liver inflammation and apoptosis in rats fed a high fat diet. Sixty-four young male rats were divided into eight equal groups. The control group was fed a basic diet. The experimental groups were fed a diet for 60 days that was prepared by mixing variable amounts of 43% vegetable oil and 10% cholesterol with or without 3% S. platensis mixed with the basal diet. Blood and liver tissue samples were collected from each animal. Serum samples were used to analyze lipid parameters, total antioxidant status and total oxidant status. iNOS and eNOS were determined by immunohistochemistry. TUNEL staining was used to detect apoptosis to investigate a possible connection between inflammation and apoptosis in the liver tissue. The relations between fat deposition and liver degeneration were assessed by Sirius red staining and alpha-smooth muscle actin immunostaining. S. platensis reduced serum HDL-C, LDL-C and triglyceride, increased HDL-C levels in rats fed a high fat diet to near control levels, and reduced iNOS levels and increased eNOS levels in the liver tissue compared to vegetable oil and cholesterol treated groups. The apoptotic index was reduced in the groups that were fed a high fat or a basic diet when supplemented with S. platensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Yigit
- a Istanbul University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology , Avcilar, Istanbul , Turkey
| | - E Gurel-Gurevin
- b Istanbul University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology , Vezneciler, Istanbul , Turkey
| | - B Isbilen-Basok
- c Istanbul Medeniyet University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicinal Biochemistry , Goztepe, Istanbul , Turkey
| | - O B B Esener
- a Istanbul University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology , Avcilar, Istanbul , Turkey
| | - T Bilal
- d Istanbul University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Nutrition of Nutritional Disease , Avcilar, Istanbul , Turkey
| | - O Keser
- d Istanbul University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Nutrition of Nutritional Disease , Avcilar, Istanbul , Turkey
| | - A Altiner
- e Istanbul University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry , Avcilar, Istanbul , Turkey
| | - N Yilmazer
- f Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology , Tekirdag , Turkey
| | - E I Ikitimur-Armutak
- a Istanbul University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology , Avcilar, Istanbul , Turkey
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34
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Anavi S, Eisenberg-Bord M, Hahn-Obercyger M, Genin O, Pines M, Tirosh O. The role of iNOS in cholesterol-induced liver fibrosis. J Transl Med 2015; 95:914-24. [PMID: 26097999 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2015.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of cholesterol in the liver is associated with the development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis-related fibrosis. However, underlying mechanisms are not well understood. The present study investigated the role of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in cholesterol-induced liver fibrosis by feeding wild-type (WT) and iNOS-deficient mice with control or high-cholesterol diet (HCD) for 6 weeks. WT mice fed with HCD developed greater liver fibrosis, compared with iNOS-deficient mice, as evident by Sirius red staining and higher expression levels of profibrotic genes. Enhanced liver fibrosis in the presence of iNOS was associated with hypoxia-inducible factor-1α stabilization, matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression, and enhanced hepatic DNA damage. The profibrotic role of iNOS was also demonstrated in vivo using a selective inhibitor of iNOS as well as in vitro in a rat liver stellate cell line (HSC-T6). In conclusion, these findings suggest that iNOS is an important mediator in HCD-induced liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarit Anavi
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michal Eisenberg-Bord
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michal Hahn-Obercyger
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Olga Genin
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Mark Pines
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Oren Tirosh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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Vernetti LA, Senutovitch N, Boltz R, DeBiasio R, Shun TY, Gough A, Taylor DL. A human liver microphysiology platform for investigating physiology, drug safety, and disease models. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2015. [PMID: 26202373 DOI: 10.1177/1535370215592121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper describes the development and characterization of a microphysiology platform for drug safety and efficacy in liver models of disease that includes a human, 3D, microfluidic, four-cell, sequentially layered, self-assembly liver model (SQL-SAL); fluorescent protein biosensors for mechanistic readouts; as well as a microphysiology system database (MPS-Db) to manage, analyze, and model data. The goal of our approach is to create the simplest design in terms of cells, matrix materials, and microfluidic device parameters that will support a physiologically relevant liver model that is robust and reproducible for at least 28 days for stand-alone liver studies and microfluidic integration with other organs-on-chips. The current SQL-SAL uses primary human hepatocytes along with human endothelial (EA.hy926), immune (U937) and stellate (LX-2) cells in physiological ratios and is viable for at least 28 days under continuous flow. Approximately, 20% of primary hepatocytes and/or stellate cells contain fluorescent protein biosensors (called sentinel cells) to measure apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and/or cell location by high content analysis (HCA). In addition, drugs, drug metabolites, albumin, urea and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) are monitored in the efflux media. Exposure to 180 μM troglitazone or 210 μM nimesulide produced acute toxicity within 2-4 days, whereas 28 μM troglitazone produced a gradual and much delayed toxic response over 21 days, concordant with known mechanisms of toxicity, while 600 µM caffeine had no effect. Immune-mediated toxicity was demonstrated with trovafloxacin with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), but not levofloxacin with LPS. The SQL-SAL exhibited early fibrotic activation in response to 30 nM methotrexate, indicated by increased stellate cell migration, expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin and collagen, type 1, alpha 2. Data collected from the in vitro model can be integrated into a database with access to related chemical, bioactivity, preclinical and clinical information uploaded from external databases for constructing predictive models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence A Vernetti
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA University of Pittsburgh Dept. of Computational & Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Nina Senutovitch
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA University of Pittsburgh Dept. of Computational & Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Robert Boltz
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA University of Pittsburgh Dept. of Computational & Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Richard DeBiasio
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Tong Ying Shun
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Albert Gough
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA University of Pittsburgh Dept. of Computational & Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - D Lansing Taylor
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA University of Pittsburgh Dept. of Computational & Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
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Mikuriya Y, Tashiro H, Kuroda S, Nambu J, Kobayashi T, Amano H, Tanaka Y, Ohdan H. Fatty liver creates a pro-metastatic microenvironment for hepatocellular carcinoma through activation of hepatic stellate cells. Int J Cancer 2014; 136:E3-13. [PMID: 25053237 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Fatty liver (FL) is associated with development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, whether FL itself promotes the progression of HCC is unclear. We recently found that hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) were prominently activated in the steatotic liver. Here, we investigated whether steatotic livers promote HCC progression and whether HSCs of steatotic liver are associated with HCC progression. We implanted rat HCC cells into diet-induced steatotic livers in rats via portal vein injection. Thereafter, HSCs and HCC cells were co-implanted subcutaneously into nude rats. Migration and proliferation of HCC cells were measured, and activation of ERK and Akt in these cells was determined by western blotting. Chemokines secreted from HSCs and HCC cells were also evaluated by ELISA. Steatotic livers significantly promoted HCC metastasis compared with non-steatotic livers. Additionally, co-implantation of HCC cells with HSCs from steatotic livers produced significantly larger tumors in recipient rats as compared to those induced by HCC cells co-implanted with HSCs from normal livers (NLs). HSCs isolated from steatotic livers, compared with HSCs isolated from NLs, secreted greater amounts of interleukin-1α, vascular endothelial growth factor, and transforming growth factor-β. These cytokines may enhance the proliferation and migration of HCC cells by increasing the phosphorylation of ERK and Akt in HCC cells. Moreover, we noted that the Rho-kinase inhibitor deactivated activated HSCs and attenuated HCC progression. In conclusion, the rat steatotic liver microenvironment favors HCC metastasis, and this effect appears to be promoted by activated HSCs in the steatotic liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Mikuriya
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
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Prasad V, Chirra S, Kohli R, Shull GE. NHE1 deficiency in liver: implications for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 450:1027-31. [PMID: 24976401 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.06.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease NAFLD is closely associated with the dysregulation of lipid homeostasis. Diet-induced hepatic steatosis, which can initiate NAFLD progression, has been shown to be dramatically reduced in mice lacking the electroneutral Na(+)/H(+) exchanger NHE1 (Slc9a1). In this study, we investigated if NHE1 deficiency had effects in liver that could contribute to the apparent protection against aberrant lipid accumulation. RT-PCR and immunoblot analyses of wild-type and NHE1-null livers revealed an expression profile that strongly suggested attenuation of both de novo lipogenesis and hepatic stellate cell activation, which is implicated in liver fibrosis. This included upregulation of the farnesoid X receptor FXR, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor PPARγ, its co-activator PGC1α, and sestrin 2, an antioxidant protein involved in hepatic metabolic homeostasis. Furthermore, expression levels of the pro-lipogenic liver X receptor LXRα, and acetyl CoA carboxylases 1 and 2 were downregulated. These changes were associated with evidence of reduced cellular stress, which persisted even upon exposure to a high-fat diet, and the better preservation of insulin signaling, as evidenced by protein kinase B/Akt phosphorylation (Ser473). These results indicate that NHE1 deficiency may protect against NAFLD pathogenesis, which is significant given the availability of highly specific NHE1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Prasad
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, United States.
| | - Shivani Chirra
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, United States
| | - Rohit Kohli
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States
| | - Gary E Shull
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, United States
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Miyazaki H, Takitani K, Koh M, Yoden A, Tamai H. The α-tocopherol status and expression of α-tocopherol-related proteins in methionine-choline deficient rats treated with vitamin E. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2014; 54:190-7. [PMID: 24895482 PMCID: PMC4042150 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.13-74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is the most common liver disorder in developed countries, and its incidence is increasing in all population groups. As an antioxidant, vitamin E is effective in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, although the mechanism is still unclear. Methionine-choline deficient Wistar rats (n = 5) used as an experimental model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease were fed a vitamin E-enriched diet (500 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. The effects were assessed by measuring lipid peroxidation, α-tocopherol levels, and the expression of α-tocopherol-related proteins in the liver. In vitamin E-treated methionine-choline deficient rats, lipid peroxidation was reduced, but liver histopathological changes were not improved. Hepatic α-tocopherol levels in these rats were significantly elevated compared to normal rats treated with vitamin E. Expression of liver α-tocopherol transfer protein in vitamin E-treated methionine-choline deficient rats was significantly repressed compared to methionine-choline deficient rats. The expression of liver cytochrome P450 4F2 and ATP-binding cassette transporter protein 1, involved in metabolism and transport of α-tocopherol, respectively, was significantly repressed in vitamin E-treated methionine-choline deficient rats. In methionine-choline deficient rats, vitamin E treatment altered the hepatic α-tocopherol-related protein expression, which may affect α-tocopherol status in the liver, leading to reduced lipid peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Miyazaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigakumachi, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Kimitaka Takitani
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigakumachi, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Maki Koh
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigakumachi, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yoden
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigakumachi, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tamai
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigakumachi, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
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Abstract
PURPOSE The process whereby liver inflammation develops in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is not fully understood. While modification of the inflammatory milieu is an attractive target to prevent the development of hepatocellular injury, most antiinflammatory agents have proven ineffective in this setting. Tetraethylthiuram disulfide (TDSF) is able to induce S-glutathionylation of NF-κB along with critical signaling proteins involved with inflammation, especially when complexed with a heavy metal. For this reason, we hypothesized that administration of TDSF would function to ameliorate necroinflammatory activity in a mouse model of NASH. METHODS Mice were divided into five groups and received control chow versus a methionine-choline-deficient diet. After 6 weeks of TDSF versus sham gavage, animals were necropsied. Using conventional H&E staining, livers were examined using the Brunt scoring system by a hepatopathologist blinded to treatment groups. Validated mouse primer sets were used for quantitative real-time PCR to evaluate changes in mRNA expression. RESULTS Livers treated with TDSF demonstrated a qualitative reduction in lobular inflammation, lipogranuloma formation, and Kupffer cell accumulation, but not steatosis. Significant reductions in inflammatory transcripts for α-1-collagen, TGF-β, Mmp2, MCP-1, and TNF-1α were also observed. CONCLUSIONS Animals treated with TDSF exhibit a reduction in lobular inflammation that is independent of lipid accumulation when administered MCD diet. Similar reductions are seen in several inflammatory transcripts associated with NASH. Additional work in this area may reveal a therapeutic role for TDSF or similar agents in curtailing inflammatory signaling within the liver.
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The effects of alpha lipoic acid on liver cells damages and apoptosis induced by polyunsaturated fatty acids. Food Chem Toxicol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Lotowska JM, Sobaniec-Lotowska ME, Lebensztejn DM. The role of Kupffer cells in the morphogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis - ultrastructural findings. The first report in pediatric patients. Scand J Gastroenterol 2013; 48:352-7. [PMID: 23268566 DOI: 10.3109/00365521.2012.746390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Until now studies concerning the involvement of hepatic nonparenchymal cells (NPCs), particularly Kupffer cells/macrophages (KCs/MPs), in the pathogenesis of human nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) have been limited to adult patients; there are no similar reports referring to children. This study aimed to explore, based on ultrastructural analysis, the role of KCs/MPs in the morphogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in children. MATERIAL AND METHODS Ultrastructural investigations of KCs were conducted on liver bioptates obtained from 10 children, aged 2-14 years, with clinicopathologically diagnosed NASH. Bioptatic material was fixed in solution of paraformaldehyde and glutaraldehyde in cacodylate buffer, routinely processed for transmission-electron microscopic analysis and examined using an Opton EM microscope. RESULTS The current ultrastructural study revealed within the hepatic sinusoids the presence of numerous enlarged KCs with increased phagocytic activity, which reduced or blocked vascular lumen. Interestingly, the activated KCs not only contained primary and secondary lysosomes, altered mitochondria, and well-developed Golgi apparatus, but also absorbed fragments of erythrocytes. Such macrophages were frequently seen very close to the transformed hepatic stellate cells (T-HSCs) and progenitor/oval cells. Intensive fibrosis was observed in the vicinity of activated KCs/MPs. Bundles of collagen fibers were seen directly adhering to these cells and to other NPCs, especially T-HSCs. CONCLUSIONS KCs are involved in the morphogenesis and development of pediatric NASH. Engulfment of erythrocytes by hepatic macrophages may lead to the accumulation of iron derived from hemoglobin in liver and play a role in triggering the generation of oxidative stress in the disease course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Maria Lotowska
- Department of General Pathomorphology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Ultrastructure of liver progenitor/oval cells in children with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Adv Med Sci 2012; 56:172-9. [PMID: 21940261 DOI: 10.2478/v10039-011-0037-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Very interesting reports have appeared lately on the role of liver progenitor/oval cells in the morphogenesis and development of nonalcoholic steatohepatits (NASH) in adult patients and experimental animals. However, no literature data concerning pediatric patients have been available. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to evaluate the ultrastructure of the population of liver progenitor/oval cells in the biopsy material from children with previously clinocopathologically diagnosed NASH. MATERIAL/METHODS Electron-microscopic examinations were conducted on fresh tissue samples collected from 10 children with NASH (aged 2-14 years), which were fixed with a solution of 2% paraformaldehyde and 2.5% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer. RESULTS Ultrastructural examinations of the liver progenitor/oval cells in children with NASH show a quite prominent number of these cells, especially their two types, hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) and intermediate hepatocyte-like cells (IHCs), with intermediate bile-like cells being the least frequent. They were found to occur single or in clusters of two, seldom of three, and frequently in the areas of advanced liver fibrosis or close to them. Many times, these cells were accompanied by hepatocytes showing a varying degree of death, to total cell disintegration. Interesting was the presence of activated nonparenchymal liver cells, i.e. Kupffer cells/macrophages and hepatic stellate cells, frequently found to adhere to the hepatic oval cells. CONCLUSIONS The current study suggests a marked involvement of the population of liver progenitor/oval cells, mainly HPCs and IHCs, in the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in pediatric patients, especially in fibrosis progression.
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Kuroda S, Tashiro H, Igarashi Y, Tanimoto Y, Nambu J, Oshita A, Kobayashi T, Amano H, Tanaka Y, Ohdan H. Rho inhibitor prevents ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat steatotic liver. J Hepatol 2012; 56:146-52. [PMID: 21756846 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2011.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2010] [Revised: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hepatic stellate cells are thought to play a role in modulating intrahepatic vascular resistance based on their capacity to contract via Rho signaling. We investigated the effect of a Rho-kinase inhibitor on ischemia-reperfusion injury in the steatotic liver. METHODS Steatotic livers, induced by a choline-deficient diet in rats, were subjected to ischemia-reperfusion injury. Hepatic stellate cells isolated from steatotic livers were analyzed for contractility and Rho signaling activity. The portal pressure of the perfused rat liver and the survival rate after ischemia-reperfusion were also investigated. RESULTS Hepatic stellate cells from steatotic livers showed increased contractility and upregulation of Rho-kinase 2 compared with those from normal livers. Furthermore, endothelin-1 significantly enhanced the contractility and phosphorylation level of myosin light chain and cofilin in hepatic stellate cells isolated from steatotic livers. A specific Rho-kinase inhibitor, fasudil, significantly suppressed the contractility and decreased the phosphorylation levels of myosin light chain and cofilin. Serum levels of endothelin-1 were markedly increased after IR in rats with steatotic livers, whereas fasudil significantly decreased endothelin-1 serum levels. Rats with steatotic livers showed a significant increase in portal perfusion pressure after ischemia-reperfusion and a significant decrease in survival rate; fasudil treatment significantly reduced these effects. CONCLUSIONS Activation of Rho/Rho-kinase signaling in hepatic stellate cells isolated from steatotic livers is associated with an increased susceptibility to ischemia-reperfusion injury. A Rho-kinase inhibitor attenuated the activation of hepatic stellate cells isolated from steatotic livers and improved ischemia-reperfusion injury in steatotic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Kuroda
- Department of Surgery, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Programs for Biomedical Research, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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The steatohepatitic variant of hepatocellular carcinoma and its association with underlying steatohepatitis. Hum Pathol 2011; 43:737-46. [PMID: 22018903 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2011.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2011] [Revised: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 07/01/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Steatohepatitis and metabolic syndrome are increasingly recognized as important risk factors for development of hepatocellular carcinoma. We have recently described a histologic subtype of hepatocellular carcinoma termed steatohepatitic hepatocellular carcinoma, which shows features resembling steatohepatitis in the nonneoplastic liver. The present study is undertaken to assess the association between the steatohepatitic hepatocellular carcinoma variant and underlying steatohepatitis and features of metabolic syndrome. We examined all hepatocellular carcinomas diagnosed on resections and explant specimens over a 3.5-year period at our institution. Tumors were classified as either conventional hepatocellular carcinoma or steatohepatitic hepatocellular carcinoma variant based on their predominant histopathologic pattern. The underlying chronic liver disease in each case was determined. The steatohepatitic hepatocellular carcinoma variant represented 13.5% (16/118) of cases. All but one case of steatohepatitic hepatocellular carcinoma occurred in patients with underlying steatohepatitis. Steatohepatitic hepatocellular carcinoma was diagnosed in 35.7% of patients with either nonalcoholic steatohepatitis or alcoholic liver disease compared with 1.3% of patient with other chronic liver diseases (P < .0001). The steatohepatitic hepatocellular carcinoma group had a significantly higher number of metabolic syndrome risk factors (2.44 versus 1.48, P = .01) and a higher percentage of patients with at least 3 metabolic syndrome components (50% versus 22.5%, P = .02). Immunohistochemically, there were diffuse loss of cytoplasmic CK8/18 and increased numbers of activated hepatic stellate cells within steatohepatitic hepatocellular carcinoma, in a pattern identical to that seen in steatohepatitis in nonneoplastic liver. Hepatocellular carcinomas showing a "steatohepatitic" histologic phenotype are strongly associated with underlying steatohepatitis and metabolic syndrome. This association further supports a possible role of steatohepatitis in human hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Mori M, Fujii H, Ogawa T, Kobayashi S, Iwai S, Morikawa H, Enomoto M, Tamori A, Sawada A, Takeda S, Kawada N. Close correlation of liver stiffness with collagen deposition and presence of myofibroblasts in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatol Res 2011; 41:897-903. [PMID: 21682831 DOI: 10.1111/j.1872-034x.2011.00842.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM Transient elastography is known as a rapid, objective, and highly reliable technique for staging hepatic fibrosis caused by hepatitis C virus infection; however, the relationship between degree of fibrosis and the collagen deposition or the accumulation of myofibroblasts in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains to be further elucidated. METHODS The subjects were 36 patients with NAFLD who received liver biopsy and liver stiffness measurement using transient elastography. Their clinical data and laboratory values were collected. Morphometric analyses of liver fibrosis indicated by collagen deposition and the relative numbers of myofibroblasts were performed. RESULTS Liver stiffness measured by transient elastography correlated with histopathological fibrosis staging of NAFLD determined by Brunt's scoring system (P = 0.000149). The fibrosis staging correlated with the ratios of the Sirius red-positive area (P = 0.000032) and α-smooth muscle actin-positive area (P = 0.000898). Finally, liver stiffness significantly correlated with the ratios of the Sirius red-positive area (r = 0.390, P = 0.0184) and α-smooth muscle actin-positive area (r = 0.333, P = 0.0471). CONCLUSIONS Liver stiffness measurement by transient elastography is valuable for evaluating fibrotic progression in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mami Mori
- Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University Central Clinical Laboratory, Osaka City University Medical School Hospital, Osaka, Japan
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Kassel KM, Guo GL, Tawfik O, Luyendyk JP. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 deficiency does not affect steatosis or inflammation in livers of mice fed a methionine-choline-deficient diet. J Transl Med 2010; 90:1794-804. [PMID: 20697377 PMCID: PMC3082203 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2010.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1, Ccl2) expression is increased in livers of patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and in murine models of steatohepatitis. Several studies in rodents indicate that MCP-1 contributes to liver steatosis induced by feeding a high-fat diet. However, the extent of MCP-1 involvement in the widely utilized methionine-choline-deficient (MCD) diet model of steatohepatitis has not been determined. We tested the hypothesis that MCP-1 contributes to steatohepatitis in mice fed the MCD diet. MCP-1-deficient mice on a C57Bl/6J background and age-matched C57Bl/6J mice were fed either MCD diet or control diet for 4 weeks. MCP-1 deficiency did not affect steatohepatitis, as indicated by liver histopathology, nor did it affect serum alanine aminotransferase activity, hepatic triglyceride levels, hepatic inflammatory gene induction, or macrophage accumulation in mice fed the MCD diet. MCP-1 deficiency reduced the expression of the profibrogenic genes, pro-collagen 1a1, connective tissue growth factor, and transforming growth factor-β, in mice fed the MCD diet. MCP-1 deficiency significantly reduced collagen deposition and α-smooth muscle actin protein levels in the livers of mice fed the MCD diet. The results indicate that MCP-1 does not contribute to liver steatosis or inflammation in the MCD diet model of steatohepatitis. Rather, the data suggest that MCP-1 contributes to fibrosis in mice fed the MCD diet, independent of effects on steatosis and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M. Kassel
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Grace L. Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Ossama Tawfik
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - James P. Luyendyk
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
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Abstract
Histological analysis of liver biopsies remains a standard against which other methods of assessment for the presence and amount of hepatic injury due to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are measured. Histological evaluation remains the sole method of distinguishing steatosis from advanced forms of NAFLD, i.e. nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and fibrosis. Included in the lesions of NAFLD are steatosis, lobular and portal inflammation, hepatocyte injury in the forms of ballooning and apoptosis, and fibrosis. However, patterns of these lesions are as distinguishing as the lesions themselves. Liver injury in adults and children due to NAFLD may have different histological patterns. In this review, the rationale for liver biopsy, as well as the histopathological lesions, the microscopically observable patterns of injury, and the differential diagnoses of NAFLD and NASH are discussed.
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Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) significantly contributes to the morbidity and mortality of large proportions of the population across all age ranges, which will continue for the foreseeable future. Since NAFLD and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis were originally described, understanding of pathogenesis, relationships to insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome, and histopathologic lesions has progressed. However, no clinical or imaging parameters can yet accurately predict inflammatory activity or fibrosis stage across the spectrum of disease. Liver needle biopsy interpretation remains essential in this role; liver biopsy evaluation is also needed for recognition of concurrent (or alternate) liver disease processes. Thus, an understanding of the histologic spectrum of findings in NAFLD and the methods of semiquantitative evaluations used are required for pathologists who sign out liver biopsies. This article describes histologic findings, and provides insights into the pathologic processes and clinical implications across the spectrum of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Law
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Box 8118, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Wang KY, Tanimoto A, Yamada S, Guo X, Ding Y, Watanabe T, Watanabe T, Kohno K, Hirano KI, Tsukada H, Sasaguri Y. Histamine regulation in glucose and lipid metabolism via histamine receptors: model for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2010; 177:713-23. [PMID: 20566747 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2010.091198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Histamine has been proposed to be an important regulator of energy intake and expenditure. The aim of this study was to evaluate histamine regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism and development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with a hyperlipidemic diet. Histamine regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism, adipocytokine production, and development of hyperlipidemia-induced hepatic injury were studied in histamine H1 (H1R(-/-)) and H2 (H2R(-/-)) receptor knockout and wild-type mice. H1R(-/-) mice showed mildly increased insulin resistance. In contrast, H2R(-/-) mice manifested profound insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. High-fat/high-cholesterol feeding enhanced insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. Studies with two-deoxy-2-[(18)F]-fluoro-d-glucose and positron emission tomography showed a brain glucose allocation in H1R(-/-) mice. In addition, severe NASH with hypoadiponectinemia as well as hepatic triglyceride and free cholesterol accumulation and increased blood hepatic enzymes were observed in H2R(-/-) mice. H1R(-/-) mice showed an obese phenotype with visceral adiposity, hyperleptinemia, and less severe hepatic steatosis and inflammation with increased hepatic triglyceride. These data suggest that H1R and H2R signaling may regulate glucose and lipid metabolism and development of hyperlipidemia-induced NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Yong Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
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