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Pappa A, Mührer J, Gast P, Hebbar Subramanyam S, Ohl K, Muschaweck M, Wagner N, Wenzl T, Tenbrock K. Pediatric IBD patients show medication and disease activity dependent changes in NK cell and CD4 memory T cell populations. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1123873. [PMID: 37456566 PMCID: PMC10345343 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1123873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives CD4+ memory T cells facilitate long-termed adaptive immune responses while NK cells are predominately rapid effector cells with significant functions for both intestinal homeostasis and inflammation. We wanted to study both populations in health and pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and correlate them with disease activity and medication. Methods We performed flow cytometric analyses of peripheral blood CD4 + CD45RO+ memory T cells and CD3-CD16 + CD56+ NK cells in 30 patients with IBD and 31 age-matched controls and correlated percentages of subsets with disease activity (PUCAI/PCDAI) and medication. Results We found a significant reduction of peripheral NK cells in overall IBD patients with both clinical remission and disease activity, which was even more pronounced in patients treated with azathioprine. Otherwise, circulating CD4+ memory T cell populations were significantly enhanced in active IBD compared to controls. Enhancement of memory T cells was particularly found in new onset disease and correlated with disease activity scores. Discussion Our single center cohort confirms previous results showing enhanced memory T cell populations in pediatric IBD patients, which correlate with disease activity scores. CD4+ memory T cells are a relevant pathogenic leukocyte population for disease development and perpetuation in IBD. In addition, we found a decrease of NK cells in IBD patients, which was pronounced by use of azathioprine. Surveillance of both cellular populations could possibly serve as biomarker for therapy control in pediatric IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki Pappa
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Julia Mührer
- Department of Pediatrics, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patricia Gast
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Kim Ohl
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Moritz Muschaweck
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Norbert Wagner
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tobias Wenzl
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Klaus Tenbrock
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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2
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Nakamichi R, Hishikawa A, Chikuma S, Yoshimura A, Sasaki T, Hashiguchi A, Abe T, Tokuhara T, Yoshimoto N, Nishimura ES, Hama EY, Azegami T, Nakayama T, Hayashi K, Itoh H. DNA-damaged podocyte-CD8 T cell crosstalk exacerbates kidney injury by altering DNA methylation. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112302. [PMID: 36989112 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent epigenome-wide studies suggest an association between blood DNA methylation and kidney function. However, the pathological importance remains unclear. Here, we show that the homing endonuclease I-PpoI-induced DNA double-strand breaks in kidney glomerular podocytes cause proteinuria, glomerulosclerosis, and tubulointerstitial fibrosis with DNA methylation changes in blood cells as well as in podocytes. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis reveals an increase in cytotoxic CD8+ T cells with the activating/costimulatory receptor NKG2D in the kidneys, which exhibit a memory precursor effector cell phenotype, and the CD44high memory CD8+ T cells are also increased in the peripheral circulation. NKG2D blockade attenuates the renal phenotype caused by podocyte DNA damage. Blood methylome shows increased DNA methylation in binding sites for STAT1, a transcription factor contributing to CD8+ T cell homeostasis. Collectively, podocyte DNA damage alters the blood methylome, leading to changes in CD8+ T cells, which contribute to sustained renal injury in chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Nakamichi
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Akihito Hishikawa
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Chikuma
- Department of Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yoshimura
- Department of Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takashi Sasaki
- Center for Supercentenarian Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Akinori Hashiguchi
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takaya Abe
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Tomoko Tokuhara
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Norifumi Yoshimoto
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Erina Sugita Nishimura
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Eriko Yoshida Hama
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Azegami
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takashin Nakayama
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kaori Hayashi
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Itoh
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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3
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Massalska M, Ciechomska M, Kuca-Warnawin E, Burakowski T, Kornatka A, Radzikowska A, Pawlak D, Muz B, Loniewska-Lwowska A, Palucha A, Maldyk P, Maslinski W. Effectiveness of Soluble CTLA-4-Fc in the Inhibition of Bone Marrow T-Cell Activation in Context of Indoleamine 2.3-Dioxygenase (IDO) and CD4 +Foxp3 + Treg Induction. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:6813-6829. [PMID: 36578517 PMCID: PMC9792113 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s359775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease with systemic inflammation finally resulting in damaged joints. One of the RA development models suggests bone marrow (BM) as a place of inflammation development further leading to disease progression. We aimed to investigate the potential of CTLA-4-Fc molecule in inducing tolerogenic milieu in BM measured as indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) expression, CD4+Foxp3+ Treg induction, and T cell activation control. The expression of IDO-pathway genes was also examined in monocytes to estimate the tolerogenic potential in the periphery. Methods Bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMC) were stimulated by pro-inflammatory cytokines and CTLA-4-Fc. Next IDO expression, CD4+CD69+ and CD4+Foxp3+ percentage were estimated by PCR and FACS staining, respectively. Enzymatic activity of IDO was confirmed by HPLC in BM plasma and blood plasma. Genes expressed in IDO-pathway were analyzed by NGS in peripheral monocytes isolated from RA patients and healthy controls. Results We found that CTLA-4-Fc and IFN-γ stimulation results in IDO production by BMMC. CTLA-4-Fc induced tryptophan catabolism can inhibit mitogen-induced CD4+ T cells activation without influencing CD8+ cells, but did not control CD25 nor Foxp3 expression in BM cells. Significantly higher expression of selected IDO-pathway genes was detected on peripheral monocytes isolated from RA as compared to healthy controls. Conclusion This study sheds light on some immunosuppression aspects present or induced in BM. The potential of IDO-mediated pathways were confirmed in the periphery, what may represent the promising candidates for therapeutic strategies in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Massalska
- Department of Pathophysiology and Immunology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology, and Rehabilitation (NIGRiR), Warsaw, 02-637, Poland,Correspondence: Magdalena Massalska, Department of Pathophysiology and Immunology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology, and Rehabilitation, Spartanska 1, Warsaw, 02-637, Poland, Tel/Fax +48 22 670 94 94, Email
| | - Marzena Ciechomska
- Department of Pathophysiology and Immunology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology, and Rehabilitation (NIGRiR), Warsaw, 02-637, Poland
| | - Ewa Kuca-Warnawin
- Department of Pathophysiology and Immunology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology, and Rehabilitation (NIGRiR), Warsaw, 02-637, Poland
| | - Tomasz Burakowski
- Department of Pathophysiology and Immunology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology, and Rehabilitation (NIGRiR), Warsaw, 02-637, Poland
| | - Anna Kornatka
- Department of Pathophysiology and Immunology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology, and Rehabilitation (NIGRiR), Warsaw, 02-637, Poland
| | - Anna Radzikowska
- Department of Pathophysiology and Immunology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology, and Rehabilitation (NIGRiR), Warsaw, 02-637, Poland
| | - Dariusz Pawlak
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, 15-222, Poland
| | - Barbara Muz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | | | | | - Pawel Maldyk
- Department of Rheumoorthopaedic Surgery, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology, and Rehabilitation (NIGRiR), Warsaw, 02-637, Poland,Clinical Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology of Locomotor System, Enfant-Jesus Clinical Hospital, Warsaw, 02-005, Poland
| | - Wlodzimierz Maslinski
- Department of Pathophysiology and Immunology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology, and Rehabilitation (NIGRiR), Warsaw, 02-637, Poland
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Effector memory CD4 +T cells in mesenteric lymph nodes mediate bone loss in food-allergic enteropathy model mice, creating IL-4 dominance. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:1335-1346. [PMID: 34326478 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00434-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal inflammation can be accompanied by osteoporosis, but their relationship, mediated by immune responses, remains unclear. Here, we investigated a non-IgE-mediated food-allergic enteropathy model of ovalbumin (OVA) 23-3 mice expressing OVA-specific T-cell-receptor transgenes. Mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) and their pathogenic CD4+T cells were important to enteropathy occurrence and exacerbation when the mice were fed an egg-white (EW) diet. EW-fed OVA23-3 mice also developed bone loss and increased CD44hiCD62LloCD4+T cells in the MLNs and bone marrow (BM); these changes were attenuated by MLN, but not spleen, resection. We fed an EW diet to F1 cross offspring from OVA23-3 mice and a mouse line expressing the photoconvertible protein KikGR to track MLN CD4+T cells. Photoconverted MLN CD44hiCD62LloCD4+T cells migrated predominantly to the BM; pit formation assay proved their ability to promote bone damage via osteoclasts. Significantly greater expression of IL-4 mRNA in MLN CD44hiCD62LloCD4+T cells and bone was observed in EW-fed OVA23-3 mice. Anti-IL-4 monoclonal antibody injection canceled bone loss in the primary inflammation phase in EW-fed mice, but less so in the chronic phase. This novel report shows the specific inflammatory relationship, via Th2-dominant-OVA-specific T cells and IL-4 production, between MLNs and bone, a distant organ, in food-allergic enteropathy.
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5
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Zhao Q, Duck LW, Huang F, Alexander KL, Maynard CL, Mannon PJ, Elson CO. CD4 + T cell activation and concomitant mTOR metabolic inhibition can ablate microbiota-specific memory cells and prevent colitis. Sci Immunol 2020; 5:5/54/eabc6373. [PMID: 33310866 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abc6373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Microbiota-reactive CD4+ T memory (TM) cells are generated during intestinal infections and inflammation, and can revert to pathogenic CD4+ T effector (TE) cells, resulting in chronicity of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Unlike TE cells, TM cells have a low rate of metabolism unless they are activated by reencountering cognate antigen. Here, we show that the combination of cell activation and metabolic checkpoint inhibition (CAMCI), by targeting key metabolic regulators mTORC and AMPK, resulted in cell death and anergy, but enhanced the induction of the regulatory subset. Parenteral application of this treatment with a synthetic peptide containing multiple flagellin T cell epitopes (MEP1) and metabolic inhibition successfully prevented the development of CD4+ T cell-driven colitis. Microbiota-specific CD4+ T cells, especially the pathogenic TE subsets, were decreased 10-fold in the intestinal lamina propria. Furthermore, using the CAMCI strategy, we were able to prevent antigen-specific TM cell formation upon initial antigen encounter, and ablate existing TM cells upon reactivation in mice, leading to an altered transcriptome in the remaining CD4+ T cells after ablation. Microbiota flagellin-specific CD4+ T cells from patients with Crohn's disease were ablated in a similar manner after CAMCI in vitro, with half of the antigen-specific T cells undergoing cell death. These results indicate that parenteral activation of microbiota-specific CD4+ T cells with concomitant metabolic inhibition is an effective way to ablate pathogenic CD4+ TM cells and to induce T regulatory (Treg) cells that provide antigen-specific and bystander suppression, supporting a potential immunotherapy to prevent or ameliorate IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhao
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Lennard W Duck
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Fengyuan Huang
- Department of Genetics, Informatics Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Katie L Alexander
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Craig L Maynard
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Peter J Mannon
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Charles O Elson
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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6
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Ge W, Wang HY, Zhao HM, Liu XK, Zhong YB, Long J, Zuo ZY, Liu DY. Effect of Sishen Pill on Memory T Cells From Experimental Colitis Induced by Dextran Sulfate Sodium. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:908. [PMID: 32714185 PMCID: PMC7343851 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune memory has a protective effect on the human body, but abnormal immune memory is closely related to the occurrence and development of autoimmune diseases including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Sishen Pill (SSP) is a classic prescription of traditional Chinese medicine, which is often used to treat chronic colitis, but it is not clear whether SSP can alleviate experimental colitis by remodeling immune memory. In the present study, the therapeutic effect of SSP on chronic colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) was evaluated by colonic length, colonic weight index, macroscopic and microscopic scores, and pathological observation. The cytokine levels were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); the percentages of central memory T (Tcm) and effector memory T (Tem) cells were analyze\d by flow cytometry; and activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling proteins was measured by western blotting. After 7-days' treatment, SSP alleviated DSS-induced colitis, which was demonstrated by decreased colonic weight index, colonic weight, histopathological injury scores, restored colonic length, gradual recovery of colonic mucosa, and lower levels of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-7, IL-12, and IL-15, while SSP increased IL-10 expression. SSP obviously regulated the quantity and subpopulation of Tcm and Tem cells. Furthermore, SSP markedly inhibited activation of PI3K, Akt, phospho-Akt, Id2, T-bet, forkhead box O3a, Noxa, and C-myc proteins in the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and activated Rictor, Raptor, tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC)1, TSC2, phospho-AMP-activated kinase (AMPK)-α, AMPK-α, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 2, kinesin family member 2a, and 70-kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase. These results indicate that SSP effectively controls Tem cells in the peripheral blood to relieve experimental colitis induced by DSS, which were potentially related with inhibiting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ge
- Proctology Department, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Hai-Yan Wang
- Party and School Office, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Hai-Mei Zhao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Xue-Ke Liu
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - You-Bao Zhong
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Jian Long
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Zheng-Yun Zuo
- Party and School Office, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Duan-Yong Liu
- Science and Technology College, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China.,Pharmacology Office, Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Jiangxi, Nanchang, China
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7
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Massalska M, Radzikowska A, Kuca-Warnawin E, Plebanczyk M, Prochorec-Sobieszek M, Skalska U, Kurowska W, Maldyk P, Kontny E, Gober HJ, Maslinski W. CD4 +FOXP3 + T Cells in Rheumatoid Arthritis Bone Marrow Are Partially Impaired. Cells 2020; 9:E549. [PMID: 32111105 PMCID: PMC7140449 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is evolving evidence that dysregulation of immune homeostasis in the bone marrow (BM) adjacent to the inflamed joints is involved in the pathogenesis of. In this study, we are addressing the phenotype and function of regulatory T cells (Tregs) residing in the BM of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA). BM and peripheral blood samples were obtained from RA and OA patients undergoing hip replacement surgery. The number and phenotype of Tregs were analyzed by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. The function of Tregs was investigated ex vivo, addressing their suppressive activity on effector T cells. [3H]-Thymidine incorporation assay and specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used for quantification of cell proliferation and pro-inflammatory (TNF, IFN-γ) cytokine release, respectively. Significantly lower numbers of CD4+FOXP3+ T cells were found in the BM of patients with RA compared to control patients with OA. High expression of CD127 (IL-7 receptor) and relatively low expression of CXCR4 (receptor for stromal cell-derived factor CXCL12) are characteristics of the CD4+FOXP3+ cells residing in the BM of RA patients. The BM-resident Tregs of RA patients demonstrated a limited suppressive activity on the investigated immune response. Our results indicate that the reduced number and impaired functional properties of CD4+FOXP3+ T cells present in the BM of RA patients may favor the inflammatory process, which is observed in RA BM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Massalska
- Department of Pathophysiology and Immunology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology, and Rehabilitation, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland; (A.R.); (E.K.-W.); (M.P.); (U.S.); (W.K.); (E.K.); (W.M.)
| | - Anna Radzikowska
- Department of Pathophysiology and Immunology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology, and Rehabilitation, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland; (A.R.); (E.K.-W.); (M.P.); (U.S.); (W.K.); (E.K.); (W.M.)
| | - Ewa Kuca-Warnawin
- Department of Pathophysiology and Immunology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology, and Rehabilitation, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland; (A.R.); (E.K.-W.); (M.P.); (U.S.); (W.K.); (E.K.); (W.M.)
| | - Magdalena Plebanczyk
- Department of Pathophysiology and Immunology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology, and Rehabilitation, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland; (A.R.); (E.K.-W.); (M.P.); (U.S.); (W.K.); (E.K.); (W.M.)
| | - Monika Prochorec-Sobieszek
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology, and Rehabilitation, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland;
- Department of Diagnostic Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Urszula Skalska
- Department of Pathophysiology and Immunology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology, and Rehabilitation, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland; (A.R.); (E.K.-W.); (M.P.); (U.S.); (W.K.); (E.K.); (W.M.)
| | - Weronika Kurowska
- Department of Pathophysiology and Immunology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology, and Rehabilitation, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland; (A.R.); (E.K.-W.); (M.P.); (U.S.); (W.K.); (E.K.); (W.M.)
| | - Pawel Maldyk
- Department of Rheumoorthopaedic Surgery, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology, and Rehabilitation, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland;
- Clinical Department of Orthopedic and Traumatology of Locomotor System, Enfant-Jesus Clinical Hospital, 02-005 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Kontny
- Department of Pathophysiology and Immunology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology, and Rehabilitation, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland; (A.R.); (E.K.-W.); (M.P.); (U.S.); (W.K.); (E.K.); (W.M.)
| | - Hans-Jürgen Gober
- Department of Pharmacy, Kepler University Hospital, 4020 Linz, Austria;
- Pharmaceutical Outcomes Programme, British Columbia Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Wlodzimierz Maslinski
- Department of Pathophysiology and Immunology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology, and Rehabilitation, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland; (A.R.); (E.K.-W.); (M.P.); (U.S.); (W.K.); (E.K.); (W.M.)
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8
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Yao Y, Li L, Yang SH, Gao CY, Liao LH, Xie YQ, Yin XY, Yang YQ, Fei YY, Lian ZX. CD8 + T cells and IFN-γ induce autoimmune myelofibrosis in mice. J Autoimmun 2018; 89:101-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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9
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Sylvester FA. Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Effects on Bone and Mechanisms. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1033:133-150. [PMID: 29101654 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-66653-2_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with decreased bone mass and alterations in bone geometry from the time of diagnosis, before anti-inflammatory therapy is instituted. Deficits in bone mass can persist despite absence of symptoms of active IBD. The effects of IBD on the skeleton are complex. Protein-calorie malnutrition, inactivity, hypogonadism, deficits in calcium intake and vitamin D consumption and synthesis, stunted growth in children, decreased skeletal muscle mass, and inflammation all likely play a role. Preliminary studies suggest that the dysbiotic intestinal microbial flora present in IBD may also affect bone at a distance. Several mechanisms are possible. T cells activated by the gut microbiota may serve as "inflammatory shuttles" between the intestine and bone. Microbe-associated molecular patterns leaked into the circulation in IBD may activate immune responses in the bone marrow by immune cells and by osteocytes, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts that lead to decreased bone formation and increased resorption. Finally, intestinal microbial metabolites such as H2S may also affect bone cell function. Uncovering these mechanisms will enable the design of microbial cocktails to help restore bone mass in patients with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco A Sylvester
- Division Chief of Pediatric Gastroenterology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hil, 333 South Columbia Street, MacNider Hall 247, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7229, USA.
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10
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Wei Q, Frenette PS. Niches for Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Their Progeny. Immunity 2018; 48:632-648. [PMID: 29669248 PMCID: PMC6103525 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Steady-state hematopoietic stem cells' (HSCs) self-renewal and differentiation toward their mature progeny in the adult bone marrow is tightly regulated by cues from the microenvironment. Recent insights into the cellular and molecular constituents have uncovered a high level of complexity. Here, we review emerging evidence showing how HSCs and their progeny are regulated by an interdependent network of mesenchymal stromal cells, nerve fibers, the vasculature, and also other hematopoietic cells. Understanding the interaction mechanisms in these intricate niches will provide great opportunities for HSC-related therapies and immune modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaozhi Wei
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Paul S Frenette
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Departmentof Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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11
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Critical role of intestinal interleukin-4 modulating regulatory T cells for desensitization, tolerance, and inflammation of food allergy. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172795. [PMID: 28234975 PMCID: PMC5325285 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objective The mechanism inducing either inflammation or tolerance to orally administered food allergens remains unclear. To investigate this we analyzed mouse models of food allergy (OVA23-3) and tolerance (DO11.10 [D10]), both of which express ovalbumin (OVA)-specific T-cell receptors. Methods OVA23-3, recombination activating gene (RAG)-2-deficient OVA23-3 (R23-3), D10, and RAG-2-deficient D10 (RD10) mice consumed a diet containing egg white (EW diet) for 2–28 days. Interleukin (IL)-4 production by CD4+ T cells was measured as a causative factor of enteropathy, and anti-IL-4 antibody was used to reveal the role of Foxp3+ OVA-specific Tregs (aiTreg) in this process. Results Unlike OVA23-3 and R23-3 mice, D10 and RD10 mice did not develop enteropathy and weight loss on the EW diet. On days 7–10, in EW-fed D10 and RD10 mice, splenic CD4+ T cells produced significantly more IL-4 than did those in the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs); this is in contrast to the excessive IL-4 response in the MLNs of EW-fed OVA23-3 and R23-3 mice. EW-fed R23-3 mice had few aiTregs, whereas EW-fed RD10 mice had them in both tissues. Intravenous injections of anti-IL-4 antibody recovered the percentage of aiTregs in the MLNs of R23-3 mice. On day 28, in EW-fed OVA23-3 and R23-3 mice, expression of Foxp3 on CD4+ T cells corresponded with recovery from inflammation, but recurrence of weight loss was observed on restarting the EW diet after receiving the control-diet for 1 month. No recurrence developed in D10 mice. Conclusions Excessive IL-4 levels in the MLNs directly inhibited the induction of aiTregs and caused enteropathy. The aiTregs generated in the attenuation of T cell-dependent food allergic enteropathy may function differently than aiTregs induced in a tolerance model. Comparing the two models enables to investigate their aiTreg functions and to clarify differences between inflammation with subsequent desensitization versus tolerance.
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Zschiebsch K, Fischer C, Pickert G, Häussler A, Radeke H, Grösch S, Ferreirós N, Geisslinger G, Werner ER, Tegeder I. Tetrahydrobiopterin Attenuates DSS-evoked Colitis in Mice by Rebalancing Redox and Lipid Signalling. J Crohns Colitis 2016; 10:965-78. [PMID: 26928964 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase [GCH1] governs the production of the enzyme cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin [BH4] which is essential for biogenic amine synthesis, lipid metabolism via alkylglycerol monooxygenase [AGMO], and redox coupling of nitric oxide synthases [NOSs]. Inflammation-evoked unequal regulation of GCH1 and NOS or AGMO may cause redox stress and lipid imbalances. METHODS The present study assessed potential therapeutic effects of rebalancing these systems with BH4 in experimental colitis in mice. RESULTS Oral treatment with BH4 as a suspension of crushed tablets attenuated colitis, whereas inhibition of its production had opposite effects: aggravated weight loss, epithelial haemorrhages and ulcers, neutrophil infiltrates, production of reactive oxygen species, and unfavourable profile changes of endocannabinoids, ceramides, and lysophosphatidic acids. Conversely, oral BH4 normalised biopterin, reduced in vivo activity of oxidases and peroxidases in the inflamed gut, favoured nitric oxide over hydrogen peroxide, and maintained normal levels of lipid signalling molecules. BH4 favoured thereby resident CD3+CD8+ and regulatory CD3+CD25+ intraepithelial T cells that are important for epithelial integrity. CONCLUSIONS BH4 protected against colitis in mice via two major pathways: [i] by reduction of oxidative stress; and [ii] by re-orchestration of alkyl- and acylglycerolipid signalling via AGMO. Oral treatment with BH4 is a safe approved supplementary therapy for genetic BH4 deficiency and did not excessively increase systemic BH4 levels. Therefore, one may consider repurposing of oral BH4 as an adjunctive treatment for colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Zschiebsch
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University Hospital Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Caroline Fischer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University Hospital Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Geethanjali Pickert
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University Hospital Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Annett Häussler
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University Hospital Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Heinfried Radeke
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Goethe-University Hospital Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sabine Grösch
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University Hospital Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nerea Ferreirós
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University Hospital Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University Hospital Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ernst R Werner
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Irmgard Tegeder
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University Hospital Frankfurt, Germany
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Bonomo A, Monteiro AC, Gonçalves-Silva T, Cordeiro-Spinetti E, Galvani RG, Balduino A. A T Cell View of the Bone Marrow. Front Immunol 2016; 7:184. [PMID: 27242791 PMCID: PMC4868947 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of T cells present in the bone marrow (BM) represent an activated/memory phenotype and most of these, if not all, are circulating T cells. Their lodging in the BM keeps them activated, turning the BM microenvironment into a “memory reservoir.” This article will focus on how T cell activation in the BM results in both direct and indirect effects on the hematopoiesis. The hematopoietic stem cell niche will be presented, with its main components and organization, along with the role played by T lymphocytes in basal and pathologic conditions and their effect on the bone remodeling process. Also discussed herein will be how “normal” bone mass peak is achieved only in the presence of an intact adaptive immune system, with T and B cells playing critical roles in this process. Our main hypothesis is that the partnership between T cells and cells of the BM microenvironment orchestrates numerous processes regulating immunity, hematopoiesis, and bone remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Bonomo
- Cancer Program (Fio-Cancer), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Monteiro
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Triciana Gonçalves-Silva
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Immunology and Inflammation Graduate Program, Paulo de Góes Microbiology Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eric Cordeiro-Spinetti
- Cell Biology and Technology Laboratory, Veiga de Almeida University , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Rômulo Gonçalves Galvani
- Cancer Program (Fio-Cancer), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Microbiology Graduate Program, Paulo de Góes Microbiology Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alex Balduino
- Cell Biology and Technology Laboratory, Veiga de Almeida University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Excellion Laboratory, Amil/UnitedHealth Group, Petrópolis, Brazil
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Advances in immuno-modulatory therapies, including anti-TNF-α therapies, have greatly increased the chance to achieve long-term remission of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. However, as the importance of mucosal healing has been demonstrated in a number of clinical studies, new cell-based therapies that can regenerate and fully restore the intestinal mucosal functions are currently under development. AREA COVERED In this review, we feature the recent challenges of cell-based therapies that are applied to the treatment of IBD. In particular, we will focus on hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and intestinal stem cells (ISCs) as the candidate source for cell-based therapy targeted to treat IBD. The current status, as well as the expected advantages and disadvantages of those transplantations will be summarized and discussed. EXPERT OPINION Transplantation of HSC, MSC and ISC may have different levels of potential in their ability to exert an immunomodulatory or pro-regenerative effect. Combined cell therapies, such as co-transplantation of MSC and ISC, may provide improved therapeutic outcome compared to transplantation of a single cell population. Those cell-based therapies may not only improve the disease activity or tissue regeneration, but may also have the potential to decrease the risk of developing colitis-associated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichi Okamoto
- a Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine , Tokyo Medical and Dental University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Mamoru Watanabe
- b Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School , Tokyo Medical and Dental University , Tokyo , Japan
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Di Rosa F, Gebhardt T. Bone Marrow T Cells and the Integrated Functions of Recirculating and Tissue-Resident Memory T Cells. Front Immunol 2016; 7:51. [PMID: 26909081 PMCID: PMC4754413 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in T cell trafficking accompany the naive to memory T cell antigen-driven differentiation, which remains an incompletely defined developmental step. Upon priming, each naive T cell encounters essential signals – i.e., antigen, co-stimuli and cytokines – in a secondary lymphoid organ; nevertheless, its daughter effector and memory T cells recirculate and receive further signals during their migration through various lymphoid and non-lymphoid organs. These additional signals from tissue microenvironments have an impact on immune response features, including T cell effector function, expansion and contraction, memory differentiation, long-term maintenance, and recruitment upon antigenic rechallenge into local and/or systemic responses. The critical role of T cell trafficking in providing efficient T cell memory has long been a focus of interest. It is now well recognized that naive and memory T cells have different migratory pathways, and that memory T cells are heterogeneous with respect to their trafficking. We and others have observed that, long time after priming, memory T cells are preferentially found in certain niches such as the bone marrow (BM) or at the skin/mucosal site of pathogen entry, even in the absence of residual antigen. The different underlying mechanisms and peculiarities of resulting immunity are currently under study. In this review, we summarize key findings on BM and tissue-resident memory (TRM) T cells and revisit some issues in memory T cell maintenance within such niches. Moreover, we discuss BM seeding by memory T cells in the context of migration patterns and protective functions of either recirculating or TRM T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Di Rosa
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, c/o Department of Molecular Medicine Sapienza University , Rome , Italy
| | - Thomas Gebhardt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne , Melbourne, VIC , Australia
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Wakkach A, Rouleau M, Blin-Wakkach C. Osteoimmune Interactions in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Central Role of Bone Marrow Th17 TNFα Cells in Osteoclastogenesis. Front Immunol 2015; 6:640. [PMID: 26734007 PMCID: PMC4683185 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoimmunology is an interdisciplinary research field dedicated to the study of the crosstalk between the immune and bone systems. CD4+ T cells are central players in this crosstalk. There is an emerging understanding that CD4+ T cells play an important role in the bone marrow (BM) under physiological and pathological conditions and modulate the differentiation of bone-resorbing osteoclasts. However, identification of the mechanisms that maintain CD4+ T cells in the BM is still a matter of investigation. This article describes the CD4+ T cell populations of the BM and reviews their role as osteoclastogenic population in inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelilah Wakkach
- CNRS, UMR 7370, Laboratoire de PhysioMédecine Moléculaire (LP2M), Faculté de Médecine, Nice, France; University Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Matthieu Rouleau
- CNRS, UMR 7370, Laboratoire de PhysioMédecine Moléculaire (LP2M), Faculté de Médecine, Nice, France; University Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Claudine Blin-Wakkach
- CNRS, UMR 7370, Laboratoire de PhysioMédecine Moléculaire (LP2M), Faculté de Médecine, Nice, France; University Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
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Ciucci T, Ibáñez L, Boucoiran A, Birgy-Barelli E, Pène J, Abou-Ezzi G, Arab N, Rouleau M, Hébuterne X, Yssel H, Blin-Wakkach C, Wakkach A. Bone marrow Th17 TNFα cells induce osteoclast differentiation, and link bone destruction to IBD. Gut 2015; 64:1072-81. [PMID: 25298539 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-306947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Under both physiological and pathological conditions, bone volume is determined by the rate of bone formation by osteoblasts and bone resorption by osteoclasts. Excessive bone loss is a common complication of human IBD whose mechanisms are not yet completely understood. Despite the role of activated CD4(+) T cells in inflammatory bone loss, the nature of the T cell subsets involved in this process in vivo remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to identify the CD4(+) T cell subsets involved in the process of osteoclastogenesis in vivo, as well as their mechanism of action. DESIGN CD4(+) T cells were studied in IL10-/- mice and Rag1-/- mice adoptively transferred with naive CD4(+)CD45RB(high) T cells, representing two well-characterised animal models of IBD and in patients with Crohn's disease. They were phenotypically and functionally characterised by flow cytometric and gene expression analysis, as well as in in vitro cocultures with osteoclast precursors. RESULTS In mice, we identified bone marrow (BM) CD4(+) T cells producing interleukin (IL)-17 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α as an osteoclastogenic T cell subset referred to as Th17 TNF-α(+) cells. During chronic inflammation, these cells migrate to the BM where they survive in an IL-7-dependent manner and where they promote the recruitment of inflammatory monocytes, the main osteoclast progenitors. A population equivalent to the Th17 TNF-α(+) cells was also detected in patients with Crohn's disease. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight the osteoclastogenic function of the Th17 TNF-α(+) cells that contribute to bone loss in vivo in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ciucci
- CNRS, UMR 7370, LP2M, Faculté de médecine, 28 avenue de Valombrose, Nice, France Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, parc Valrose, Nice, France
| | - Lidia Ibáñez
- CNRS, UMR 7370, LP2M, Faculté de médecine, 28 avenue de Valombrose, Nice, France Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, parc Valrose, Nice, France
| | - Agathe Boucoiran
- CNRS, UMR 7370, LP2M, Faculté de médecine, 28 avenue de Valombrose, Nice, France Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, parc Valrose, Nice, France
| | - Eléonore Birgy-Barelli
- CNRS, UMR 7370, LP2M, Faculté de médecine, 28 avenue de Valombrose, Nice, France Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, parc Valrose, Nice, France
| | - Jérôme Pène
- Inserm, U844, Hôpital saint Eloi, Montpellier, France Université Montpellier 1, 5 bd Henri IV 34967, Montpellier, France
| | - Grazia Abou-Ezzi
- CNRS, UMR 7370, LP2M, Faculté de médecine, 28 avenue de Valombrose, Nice, France Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, parc Valrose, Nice, France
| | - Nadia Arab
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Hôpital de l'Archet, service de gastro-entérologie et nutrition, Nice, France
| | - Matthieu Rouleau
- CNRS, UMR 7370, LP2M, Faculté de médecine, 28 avenue de Valombrose, Nice, France Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, parc Valrose, Nice, France
| | - Xavier Hébuterne
- Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, parc Valrose, Nice, France Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Hôpital de l'Archet, service de gastro-entérologie et nutrition, Nice, France
| | - Hans Yssel
- Inserm, U844, Hôpital saint Eloi, Montpellier, France Université Montpellier 1, 5 bd Henri IV 34967, Montpellier, France
| | - Claudine Blin-Wakkach
- CNRS, UMR 7370, LP2M, Faculté de médecine, 28 avenue de Valombrose, Nice, France Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, parc Valrose, Nice, France
| | - Abdelilah Wakkach
- CNRS, UMR 7370, LP2M, Faculté de médecine, 28 avenue de Valombrose, Nice, France Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, parc Valrose, Nice, France
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Abstract
The understanding of the intestinal inflammation occurring in the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) has been immeasurably advanced by the development of the now numerous murine models of intestinal inflammation. The usefulness of this research tool in IBD studies has been enabled by our improved knowledge of mucosal immunity and thus our improved ability to interpret the complex responses of mice with various causes of colitis; in addition, it has been powered by the availability of models in which the mice have specific genetic and/or immunologic defects that can be related to the origin of the inflammation. Finally, and more recently, it has been enhanced by our newly acquired ability to define the intestinal microbiome under various conditions and thus to understand how intestinal microorganisms impact on inflammation. In this brief review of murine models of intestinal inflammation we focus mainly on the most often used models that are, not incidentally, also the models that have yielded major insights into IBD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Warren Strober
- Correspondence Address correspondence to: Warren Strober, MD, National Institutes of Health, Mucosal Immunity Section, 10 Center Drive, CRC Bldg. 10 5west-3940, Bethesda, Maryland 20892. fax: (301) 402-2240.
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Roles of T cell-associated L-selectin and β7 integrins during induction and regulation of chronic colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2013; 19:2547-59. [PMID: 24132160 DOI: 10.1097/mib.0b013e3182a8df0a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND L-selectin (CD62L) and β(7) integrins are important for trafficking of naive T cells under steady-state conditions. The objectives of this study were to dissect the requirements for T cell-associated CD62L and β(7) integrins during initiation, progression, and regulation of chronic colitis. METHODS Using the T-cell transfer model, we compared colitogenic potential between T cells lacking one or both of these molecules with wild-type T cells. To assess trafficking of cells to the secondary lymphoid tissue and the gut, we performed co-homing experiments. RESULTS Adoptive transfer of wild-type, CD62L(-/-) or β(7)(-/-) single-deficient T cells induced moderate to severe disease with slightly different kinetics. However, transfer of CD62L(-/-) β(7)(-/-) double-deficient (DKO) T cells produced significantly attenuated gut inflammation, which correlated with fewer T cells and reduced levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the colon lamina propria. Our subsequent experiments established that lack of colitogenic potential of these cells was due to inability of DKO T cells to home to the secondary lymphoid tissue. Furthermore, homing of in vitro-generated effector DKO T cells to the inflamed intestine was significantly impaired. Lastly, DKO regulatory T cells were ineffective at suppressing colitis induced by wild-type T cells. CONCLUSIONS We established that T cells can use either CD62L(-/-) or β(7)(-/-) integrins to induce chronic colitis, but lack of both abrogates their colitogenic potential. Effector T cells critically rely on β(7) integrin during their recruitment to the inflamed intestinal mucosa. Finally, regulation of intestinal inflammation by regulatory T cells requires one or both of these adhesion molecules.
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Nemoto Y, Kanai T, Takahara M, Oshima S, Nakamura T, Okamoto R, Tsuchiya K, Watanabe M. Bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cells are a major source of interleukin-7 and sustain colitis by forming the niche for colitogenic CD4 memory T cells. Gut 2013; 62:1142-52. [PMID: 23144054 PMCID: PMC3711361 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2012-302029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Interleukin (IL)-7 is mainly produced in bone marrow (BM) that forms the niche for B cells. We previously demonstrated that BM also retains pathogenic memory CD4 T cells in murine models of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, it remains unknown whether BM-derived IL-7 is sufficient for the development of IBD and which cells form the niche for colitogenic memory CD4 T cells in BM. DESIGN To address these questions, we developed mice in which IL-7 expression was specific for BM, and identified colitis-associated IL-7-expressing mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in the BM. RESULTS IL-7-/-×RAG-1-/- mice injected with BM cells from IL-7+/+×RAG-1-/- mice, but not from IL-7-/-×RAG-1-/- mice, expressed IL-7 in BM, but not in their colon, and developed colitis when injected with CD4+CD45RBhigh T cells. Cultured BM MSC stably expressed a higher level of IL-7 than that of primary BM cells. IL-7-sufficient, but not IL-7-deficient, BM MSC supported upregulation of Bcl-2 in, and homeostatic proliferation of, colitogenic memory CD4 T cells in vitro. Notably, IL-7-/-×RAG-1-/- mice transplanted with IL-7-sufficient, but not IL-7-deficient, BM MSC expressed IL-7 in BM, but not in their colon, and developed colitis when transplanted with CD4+CD45RBhigh T cells. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate for the first time that BM MSC are a major source of IL-7 and play a pathological role in IBD by forming the niche for colitogenic CD4 memory T cells in BM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Nemoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Kanai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Takahara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeru Oshima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Okamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiichiro Tsuchiya
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mamoru Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Danese S, Rutella S, Vetrano S. Mesenchymal stromal cells in inflammatory bowel disease: conspirators within the 'colitogenic niche'? Gut 2013; 62:1098-9. [PMID: 23263523 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2012-303903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Danese
- IBD Centre, Gastroenterology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Centre, Milan 20089, Italy.
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Mandai Y, Takahashi D, Hase K, Obata Y, Furusawa Y, Ebisawa M, Nakagawa T, Sato T, Katsuno T, Saito Y, Shimaoka T, Yokosuka O, Yokote K, Ohno H. Distinct Roles for CXCR6(+) and CXCR6(-) CD4(+) T Cells in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Colitis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65488. [PMID: 23840334 PMCID: PMC3686755 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4+ T cells play a central role in the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) via high-level production of effector cytokines such as IFN-γ and TNF-α. To better characterize the colitogenic CD4+ T cells, we examined their expression of CXCR6, a chemokine receptor that is expressed by T cells upon activation and is upregulated in several inflammatory diseases. We found that 80% of colonic lamina propria CD4+ T cells expressed CXCR6 in the CD45RBhigh T cell-transferred colitis model. CXCR6 expression was similarly upregulated in inflamed mucosa of patients with Crohn’s disease. Although surface marker analysis demonstrated that both CXCR6+ and CXCR6− CD4+ T-cell subsets consist of the cells with effector and effector-memory cells, the more cells in the CXCR6+ subset produced IFN-γ and TNF-α compared to CXCR6− subset, and only the CXCR6+ subset produced IL-17A. Nevertheless, adoptive retransfer of lamina propria CXCR6+ T cells into Rag1−/− recipients failed to induce the disease due to limited expansion of the transferred cells. By contrast, retransfer of CXCR6− cells evoked colitis similar to that observed in CD4+CD45RBhigh T cell-transferred mice, and resulted in their conversion into CXCR6+ cells. Collectively, these observations suggest that the CXCR6+CD4+ T-cell subset consists of terminally differentiated effector cells that serve as the major source of effector cytokines in the inflamed tissue, whereas CXCR6−CD4+ T-cell subset serves as a colitogenic memory compartment that retains the ability to proliferate and differentiate into CXCR6+CD4+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Mandai
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Laboratory for Epithelial Immunobiology, Research Center for Allergy and Immunology, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takahashi
- Laboratory for Epithelial Immunobiology, Research Center for Allergy and Immunology, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Supramolecular Biology, Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Koji Hase
- Laboratory for Bioenvironmental Epigenetics, Research Center for Allergy and Immunology, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Division of Mucosal Barriology, International Research and Development Center for mucosal vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (KH); (HO)
| | - Yuuki Obata
- Department of Immune Regulation, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Laboratory for Bioenvironmental Epigenetics, Research Center for Allergy and Immunology, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Furusawa
- Laboratory for Bioenvironmental Epigenetics, Research Center for Allergy and Immunology, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Division of Mucosal Barriology, International Research and Development Center for mucosal vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Ebisawa
- Laboratory for Epithelial Immunobiology, Research Center for Allergy and Immunology, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Supramolecular Biology, Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tomoo Nakagawa
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Toru Sato
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Katsuno
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasushi Saito
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takeshi Shimaoka
- Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Yokosuka
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kotaro Yokote
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohno
- Department of Immune Regulation, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Laboratory for Epithelial Immunobiology, Research Center for Allergy and Immunology, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Supramolecular Biology, Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- * E-mail: (KH); (HO)
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Nemoto Y, Kanai T, Takahara M, Oshima S, Okamoto R, Tsuchiya K, Matsumoto S, Watanabe M. Th1/Th17-Mediated Interstitial Pneumonia in Chronic Colitis Mice Independent of Intestinal Microbiota. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 190:6616-25. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1202930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Hisamatsu T, Kanai T, Mikami Y, Yoneno K, Matsuoka K, Hibi T. Immune aspects of the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Pharmacol Ther 2013; 137:283-97. [PMID: 23103332 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2012.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although the precise etiologies of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease) remain obscure, several reports have indicated that dysfunction of the mucosal immune system plays an important role in its pathogenesis. Recent progress with genome-wide association studies has identified many IBD susceptibility genes. In individuals with genetic risk, abnormal interactions between the host immune system and gut flora, and dysregulation of cellular responses such as autophagy and ER stress, induce an abnormal host immune response in the gut resulting in intestinal inflammation. Research progress animal models in IBD, and in human IBD, has identified several key molecules in IBD pathogenesis such as TNFα and adhesion molecules, and molecular targeting therapies based on these molecules have been developed. Here, we review immunological aspects in IBD pathogenesis and the development of immunoregulatory therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadakazu Hisamatsu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
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Heninger AK, Theil A, Wilhelm C, Petzold C, Huebel N, Kretschmer K, Bonifacio E, Monti P. IL-7 abrogates suppressive activity of human CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells and allows expansion of alloreactive and autoreactive T cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 189:5649-58. [PMID: 23129754 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1201286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CD4(+)CD25(+)FOXP3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) control the activation and expansion of alloreactive and autoreactive T cell clones. Because uncontrolled activation and expansion of autoreactive T cells occur in an IL-7-rich environment, we explored the possibility that IL-7 may affect the function of Treg. We show that the functional high-affinity IL-7R is expressed on both naive and memory Tregs, and exposure to IL-7 results in STAT-5 phosphorylation. Naive, but not memory, Tregs proliferated greatly and acquired a memory phenotype in the setting of a suppression assay when IL-7 was present. Importantly, the presence of IL-7 abrogated the capacity of Tregs to suppress proliferation of conventional T cells in response to TCR activators, including alloantigens and autoantigens. Removal of IL-7 restored the suppressive function of Tregs. Preblocking of the IL-7R on the Tregs also restored suppressor function, indicating that IL-7 directly affected Treg function. Thus, prolonged periods of homeostatic expansion can temporarily release natural regulatory brakes on T cells, thereby providing an additional mechanism for activating and expanding alloreactive and autoreactive T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Kristin Heninger
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden University of Technology, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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26
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Willis CR, Seamons A, Maxwell J, Treuting PM, Nelson L, Chen G, Phelps S, Smith CL, Brabb T, Iritani BM, Maggio-Price L. Interleukin-7 receptor blockade suppresses adaptive and innate inflammatory responses in experimental colitis. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2012; 9:39. [PMID: 23057802 PMCID: PMC3551718 DOI: 10.1186/1476-9255-9-39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Interleukin-7 (IL-7) acts primarily on T cells to promote their differentiation, survival, and homeostasis. Under disease conditions, IL-7 mediates inflammation through several mechanisms and cell types. In humans, IL-7 and its receptor (IL-7R) are increased in diseases characterized by inflammation such as atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, multiple sclerosis, and inflammatory bowel disease. In mice, overexpression of IL-7 results in chronic colitis, and T-cell adoptive transfer studies suggest that memory T cells expressing high amounts of IL-7R drive colitis and are maintained and expanded with IL-7. The studies presented here were undertaken to better understand the contribution of IL-7R in inflammatory bowel disease in which colitis was induced with a bacterial trigger rather than with adoptive transfer. Methods We examined the contribution of IL-7R on inflammation and disease development in two models of experimental colitis: Helicobacter bilis (Hb)-induced colitis in immune-sufficient Mdr1a−/− mice and in T- and B-cell-deficient Rag2−/− mice. We used pharmacological blockade of IL-7R to understand the mechanisms involved in IL-7R-mediated inflammatory bowel disease by analyzing immune cell profiles, circulating and colon proteins, and colon gene expression. Results Treatment of mice with an anti-IL-7R antibody was effective in reducing colitis in Hb-infected Mdr1a−/− mice by reducing T-cell numbers as well as T-cell function. Down regulation of the innate immune response was also detected in Hb-infected Mdr1a−/− mice treated with an anti-IL-7R antibody. In Rag2−/− mice where colitis was triggered by Hb-infection, treatment with an anti-IL-7R antibody controlled innate inflammatory responses by reducing macrophage and dendritic cell numbers and their activity. Conclusions Results from our studies showed that inhibition of IL-7R successfully ameliorated inflammation and disease development in Hb-infected mice by controlling the expansion of multiple leukocyte populations, as well as the activity of these immune cells. Our findings demonstrate an important function of IL-7R-driven immunity in experimental colitis and indicate that the therapeutic efficacy of IL-7R blockade involves affecting both adaptive and innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Audrey Seamons
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Joe Maxwell
- Department of Inflammation, Amgen, Inc, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Piper M Treuting
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Laurel Nelson
- Department of Inflammation, Amgen, Inc, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Guang Chen
- Department of Inflammation, Amgen, Inc, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Susan Phelps
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Carole L Smith
- Department of Inflammation, Amgen, Inc, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thea Brabb
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Brian M Iritani
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
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Mazzucchelli RI, Riva A, Durum SK. The human IL-7 receptor gene: deletions, polymorphisms and mutations. Semin Immunol 2012; 24:225-30. [PMID: 22425228 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2012.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Revised: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Most T cell subsets depend on IL-7 for survival. IL-7 binds to IL-7Rα and γc, initiating the signaling cascade. Deletion of IL-7Ra in humans has, for some time, been known to cause severe combined immunodeficiency. More recently, polymorphisms in IL-7R have been shown be a risk factor for a number of diseases that are autoimmune or involve excess immune and inflammatory responses including multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, primary biliary cirrhosis, inflammatory bowel disease, atopic dermatitis, inhalation allergy, sarcoidosis and graft-versus host disease. The polymorphism that affects risk to most of these immunopathologies is T244I at the border of the extracellular domain and the transmembrane region. The same region has recently been shown to harbor gain-of-function mutations in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. These studies have suggested new therapies that target the IL-7 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata I Mazzucchelli
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy and Primary Immunodeficiency, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, Milan, Italy
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28
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Mizoguchi A. Animal models of inflammatory bowel disease. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2012; 105:263-320. [PMID: 22137435 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394596-9.00009-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic intestinal inflammatory condition that is medicated by genetic, immune, and environmental factors. At least 66 different kinds of animal models have been established to study IBD, which are classified primarily into chemically induced, cell-transfer, congenial mutant, and genetically engineered models. These IBD models have provided significant contributions to not only dissect the mechanism but also develop novel therapeutic strategies for IBD. In addition, recent advances on genetically engineered techniques such as cell-specific and inducible knockout as well as knockin mouse systems have brought novel concepts on IBD pathogenesis to the fore. Further, mouse models, which lack some IBD susceptibility genes, have suggested more complicated mechanism of IBD than previously predicted. This chapter summarizes the distinct feature of each murine IBD model and discusses the previous and current lessons from the IBD models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Mizoguchi
- Department of Pathology, Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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29
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Nemoto Y, Kanai T, Shinohara T, Ito T, Nakamura T, Okamoto R, Tsuchiya K, Lipp M, Eishi Y, Watanabe M. Luminal CD4⁺ T cells penetrate gut epithelial monolayers and egress from lamina propria to blood circulation. Gastroenterology 2011; 141:2130-2139.e11. [PMID: 21875496 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2011.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Revised: 08/03/2011] [Accepted: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The egress of memory T cells from peripheral tissues, such as lung and skin, into the draining lymph nodes requires their expression of CC chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7). In the intestine, resident memory T cells in the intestinal lamina propria (LP) do not express CCR7, indicating that they are tissue bound and do not exit the intestine. METHODS We developed a cell transfer system, using rectal administration of lymphocytes to C57BL/6 mice. Lymphotoxin α-deficient mice were crossed with RAG-2(-/-) (recombination-activating gene-2) mice to generate lymphotoxin α-deficient × RAG-2(-/-) mice. RESULTS Severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) or RAG-2(-/-) mice given rectal administration of splenic CD4(+) T cells from normal mice developed colitis; the cells proliferated not only in the LP but also in spleen. SCID or RAG-2(-/-) mice given rectal administrations of CD4(+) T cells that expressed green fluorescent protein (GFP(+)CD4(+) T cells) localized to the LP within 6 hours but were not found in the spleen until 24 hours after administration. Immunohistochemical and electron microscopic analyses detected CD4(+) T cells in the intraepithelial space just 3 hours after intrarectal administration. However, neither CCR7 deficiency nor the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist Fingolimod impaired the egress of CD4(+) T cells from LP to systemic circulation. CONCLUSIONS CD4(+) T cells not only penetrate from the luminal side of the intestine to the LP but also actively egress from the LP into the circulation. We developed a rectal administration system that might be used to further investigate cell trafficking in intestinal mucosa and to develop enema-based therapeutics for intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Nemoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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DeNucci CC, Shimizu Y. β1 integrin is critical for the maintenance of antigen-specific CD4 T cells in the bone marrow but not long-term immunological memory. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 186:4019-26. [PMID: 21357540 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1003566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The long-term maintenance of memory CD4 T cells promotes protective immunity against future pathogen reinfection. As a site rich in survival cytokines, the bone marrow is proposed to be a critical niche for the survival of memory CD4 T cells. We demonstrate that endogenous, polyclonal Ag-specific CD4 T cells rapidly enter and are recovered long-term from the bone marrow following i.v. infection with Listeria monocytogenes. β(1) integrin-deficient CD4 T cells also populate the bone marrow early following an infection, but their numbers in this site rapidly decline. This decline was not caused by increased death of T cells lacking β(1) integrin but rather by reduced retention in the bone marrow after the primary immune response. The loss of memory CD4 T cells from the bone marrow does not lead to a loss of the predominant source of memory CD4 T cells in the spleen or the ability to mount a memory response. Thus, β(1) integrin-dependent maintenance of memory CD4 T cells in the bone marrow is not required for long-term CD4 T cell memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher C DeNucci
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Immunology, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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31
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Godoi DF, Cardoso CR, Ferraz DB, Provinciatto PR, Cunha FQ, Silva JS, Voltarelli JC. Hematopoietic SCT modulates gut inflammation in experimental inflammatory bowel disease. Bone Marrow Transplant 2010; 45:1562-71. [PMID: 20228850 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2010.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic SCT (HSCT) and high-dose chemotherapy are being explored as therapy for various human refractory immune-mediated conditions, including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Nevertheless, the exact immunological mechanisms by which the BM cells (BMCs) or immunosuppression provide remission from these diseases is not yet clear. In this work, we investigated the role of these therapies in the modulation of gut mucosal inflammation in an experimental model of IBD. Colitis was induced in mice by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid and after CY was administered (200 mg/kg) alone (CY group) or followed by BMCs infusion (HSCT group). Animals were followed for 60 days. Both HSCT and CY reduced the histopathological features of colitis significantly. Infused cells were localized in the gut, and a marked decrease of CD4(+) leukocytes in the inflammatory infiltrate on days +7 and +14 and of CD8(+) cells on day +7 was found in both treatments allied to impressive reduction of proinflammatory Th1 and Th17 cytokines. Although chemotherapy alone was the best treatment regarding the induction of immunosuppressive molecules, only HSCT resulted in increased survival rates compared with the control group. Our findings indicate that high-dose CY followed by HSCT is effective in the modulation of mucosal immunity and in accelerating immune reconstitution after BMT, thus providing valuable tools to support the development and understanding of novel therapeutic strategies for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- D F Godoi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Tomita T, Kanai T, Totsuka T, Nemoto Y, Okamoto R, Tsuchiya K, Sakamoto N, Ohteki T, Hibi T, Watanabe M. IL-7 is essential for lymphopenia-driven turnover of colitogenic CD4+memory T cells in chronic colitis. Eur J Immunol 2009; 39:2737-47. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.200838905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Nemoto Y, Kanai T, Kameyama K, Shinohara T, Sakamoto N, Totsuka T, Okamoto R, Tsuchiya K, Nakamura T, Sudo T, Matsumoto S, Watanabe M. Long-Lived Colitogenic CD4+ Memory T Cells Residing Outside the Intestine Participate in the Perpetuation of Chronic Colitis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 183:5059-68. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0803684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Kanai T, Nemoto Y, Tomita T, Totsuka T, Watanabe M, Hibi T. Persistent retention of colitogenic CD4+ memory T cells causes inflammatory bowel diseases to become intractable. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2009; 15:926-34. [PMID: 19009635 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.20738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite the advent of an age when "malignant" leukemia is cured by bone marrow transplantation, "benign" inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are still intractable lifelong diseases. Why is it that once an IBD develops it lasts a long time? We propose that, the same as in the response to vaccination, immune memory T cells that remember the disease are formed in IBDs and, perceiving them as "benign T-cell leukemia"-like lifelong pathology that hematogenously spreads throughout the body, we here propose that the bone marrow itself, which produces large amounts of the survival factor IL-7, is the reservoir for colitogenic CD4(+) memory T cells responsible for the intractability of IBDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Kanai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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Fujii T, Watanabe M. [An additional role of FTY720 in chronic colitis]. NIHON RINSHO MEN'EKI GAKKAI KAISHI = JAPANESE JOURNAL OF CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 32:7-14. [PMID: 19252372 DOI: 10.2177/jsci.32.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
FTY720 is a sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulator, which inhibits T-cell egress from lymph nodes, thereby prevents pathogenic T cells from migrating towards disease sites. In inflammatory bowel diseases, it is thought that colitogenic memory CD4+ T cells are intermittently reactivated in regional lymphoid organs, and return to inflammatory tissues. Little is known about how FTY720 controls the migration property of memory T cells and whether FTY720 could control the trafficking of T cells without the presence of lymphoid tissues. First, we here demonstrated that FTY720 prevents the development of colitis induced by the adoptive transfer of colitogenic lamina propria effector-memory CD4+ T (T(EM)) cells into SCID mice. Next, We demonstrated that FTY720 treatment suppresses the recirculation of CD4(+) T cells in splenectomized lymphotoxin-alpha(-/-) mice that lack lymph nodes and spleen. Cell number of CD4+ T cells was markedly decreased in peripheral blood of FTY720-treated mice, but conversely increased in bone marrow. Notably, FTY720 treatment prevented the development of colitis induced by transfer of colitogenic T(EM) cells into SPX LT-a(-/-) x RAG-2(-/-) mice. Collectively, the present data indicate that FTY720 treatment may offer an additional role to direct trafficking of CD4+ T cells in BM, resulting in the prevention of memory T cell-mediated diseases including inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshimitsu Fujii
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
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36
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Tomita T, Kanai T, Nemoto Y, Fujii T, Nozaki K, Okamoto R, Tsuchiya K, Nakamura T, Sakamoto N, Totsuka T, Watanabe M. Colitogenic CD4+ effector-memory T cells actively recirculate in chronic colitic mice. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2008; 14:1630-40. [PMID: 18668663 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.20636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the clinical usefulness of leukocytapheresis for patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been reported as a selective removal therapy targeting pathogenic immune cells in blood circulation, it remains unclear whether colitogenic CD4(+) T cells continuously recirculate in peripheral blood during the chronic phase of colitis. METHODS To resolve this question we conducted a series of in vivo experiments using a murine chronic colitis model induced by adoptive transfer of CD4(+)CD45RB(high) cells into SCID mice in combination with a parabiosis system. RESULTS In colitic SCID recipients, first, almost all CD4(+) CD45RB(high) donor cells were converted to CD4(+)CD44(high)CD62L(-) IL-7Ralpha(high) effector-memory T (T(EM)) cells at 8 weeks after transfer and were distributed throughout the whole body, including colonic lamina propria, mesenteric lymph nodes, thoracic duct, peripheral blood, spleen, and bone marrow. Second, SCID mice retransferred with the colitic peripheral blood CD4(+) T cells developed colitis that is identical to the original colitis. Third, CD4(+) cells in parabionts between established colitic RAG-2(-/-) mice induced by adoptive transfer of Ly5.1(+) or Ly5.2(+) CD4(+)CD45RB(high) T cells were well mixed in almost equal proportions at various sites 2 weeks after parabiosis surgery, and the redistribution of Ly5.1(+) and Ly5.2(+) CD4(+) T cells was significantly suppressed in FTY720-treated parabionts. CONCLUSIONS Together, these findings indicate that colitogenic CD4(+) T(EM) cells continuously recirculate in established colitic mice, suggesting that therapeutic approaches targeting systemic CD4(+) T(EM) cells, such as bone marrow transplantation, rather than those targeting only intestinal CD4(+) T cells, may be feasible for the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Tomita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Di Rosa F. T-lymphocyte interaction with stromal, bone and hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow. Immunol Cell Biol 2008; 87:20-9. [PMID: 19030018 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2008.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mature T cells in the bone marrow (BM) are in constant exchange with the blood pool. Within the BM, T-cell recognition of antigen presented by dendritic cell (DC) can occur, nevertheless it is thought that BM T cells mostly receive non-antigenic signals by either stimulatory, for example, interleukin (IL)-7, IL-15, tumor necrosis factor family members, or inhibitory molecules, for example, transforming growth factor-beta. The net balance is in favor of T-cell proliferation. Indeed, the percentage of proliferating T cells is higher in the BM than in spleen and lymph nodes, both within CD4 and CD8 T cells. High numbers of memory T cells proliferate in the BM, as they preferentially home to the BM and have an increased turnover as compared with naive T cells. I propose here that the BM plays an essential role in maintaining normal peripheral T-lymphocyte numbers and antigen-specific memory for both CD4 and CD8 T cells. I also discuss BM T-cell contribution to the homeostasis of bone metabolism as well as of hematopoiesis. It emerges that BM T cells play unexpected roles in several diseases, for example AIDS and osteoporosis. A better knowledge on BM T cells has implications for currently used clinical interventions, for example, vaccination, BM transplantation, mesenchymal stem cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Di Rosa
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy.
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38
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Nemoto Y, Kanai T, Tohda S, Totsuka T, Okamoto R, Tsuchiya K, Nakamura T, Sakamoto N, Fukuda T, Miura O, Yagita H, Watanabe M. Negative feedback regulation of colitogenic CD4+ T cells by increased granulopoiesis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2008; 14:1491-503. [PMID: 18623170 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.20531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic inflammatory diseases are characterized by massive infiltration of innate and acquired immune cells in inflammatory sites. However, it remains unclear how these cells cooperate in the development of disease. Although bone marrow (BM) is a primary site for hematopoiesis of immune cells except T cells, BM recruits memory T cells from the periphery. We have recently demonstrated that colitogenic CD4(+) memory T cells reside in BM of colitic CD4(+)CD45RB(high) T-cell-transferred SCID mice. Based on this background we here investigate whether granulocytes promote or suppress the expansion of colitogenic CD4(+) T cells. METHODS First, we show that Gr-1(high)CD11b(+) granulocytes were significantly increased in colitic BM along with a significant increase of peripheral granulocytes. Consistently, the colony-forming unit (CFU) assay revealed that granulocyte colony formation was dominantly induced by supernatants from anti-CD3-stimulated colitic BM CD4(+) T cells. RESULTS Administration of granulocyte-depleting anti-Gr-1 mAb to colitic mice did not ameliorate the colitis, but exacerbated the wasting disease with an increased expansion of systemic, but not lamina propria, CD4(+) T cells with activated phenotype. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the increased granulopoiesis by colitogenic BM CD4(+) T cells represent a negative feedback mechanism to control systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Nemoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Totsuka T, Kanai T, Nemoto Y, Tomita T, Tsuchiya K, Sakamoto N, Okamoto R, Watanabe M. Immunosenescent colitogenic CD4(+) T cells convert to regulatory cells and suppress colitis. Eur J Immunol 2008; 38:1275-86. [PMID: 18412161 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200737914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases progress steadily by the expansion of colitogenic CD4(+) cells. However, it remains unknown whether colitogenic CD4(+) cells are long-living like memory cells or exhausted like effector cells. To assess the longevity of colitogenic lamina propria (LP) CD4(+) cells, we performed sequential transfers of LP CD4(+) cells from colitic CD4(+)CD45RB(high) cell-transferred SCID mice into new SCID mice. Although SCID mice transferred with colitic LP CD4(+) cells stably developed colitis until at least the sixth transfer, the interval to the development of colitis gradually lengthened as the number of transfers increased. The incidence of colitis gradually decreased after the seventh transfer. Furthermore, non-colitic LP CD4(+) cells from mice transferred over seven times expressed significantly higher levels of PD-1 and produced significantly lower amounts of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL-17 than colitic LP CD4(+) cells recovered after the first transfer. Most notably, we found that re-transfer of non-colitic LP CD4(+) cells recovered after multiple transfers prevented the development of colitis in SCID mice co-transferred with CD4(+)CD45RB(high) cells. Thus, colitogenic LP CD4(+) cells may be exhausted over time, become non-functional, convert to regulatory cells, and finally suppress colitis in the process of immunosenescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruji Totsuka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Tomita T, Kanai T, Fujii T, Nemoto Y, Okamoto R, Tsuchiya K, Totsuka T, Sakamoto N, Watanabe M. Continuous generation of colitogenic CD4+ T cells in persistent colitis. Eur J Immunol 2008; 38:1264-74. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.200737745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Tomita T, Kanai T, Nemoto Y, Totsuka T, Okamoto R, Tsuchiya K, Sakamoto N, Watanabe M. Systemic, but Not Intestinal, IL-7 Is Essential for the Persistence of Chronic Colitis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 180:383-90. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.1.383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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