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Zhang XY, Sui Y, Shan XF, Wang LM, Zhang L, Xie S, Cai ZG. Construction of oral squamous cell carcinoma organoids in vitro 3D-culture for drug screening. Oral Dis 2024. [PMID: 38887128 DOI: 10.1111/odi.15044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patient-derived organoids are potent pre-chemotherapy models. Due to limited research on diverse types of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and construction efficiency, our goal was to optimize OSCC organoid models from various sites and assess drug responsiveness. METHODS We screened and optimized culture media, employing three-dimensional techniques to construct human-derived oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) organoid models in vitro. Morphological validation, immunofluorescence analysis, tissue origin verification, and Short Tandem Repeat (STR) sequencing confirmed the consistency between organoids and source tissues. These organoid models were then subjected to varying concentrations of anticancer drugs, with subsequent assessment of cell viability to calculate IC50 values. RESULTS Twenty-nine surgical specimens yielded an 86.2% success rate in culturing 25 organoids in vitro. Morphological consistency confirmed nuclear atypia and positive expression of K5, P40, and E-cadherin, indicating squamous epithelial origin. Cultured complex organoids included α-SMA+ tumour-associated fibroblasts and tumour stem cells expressing CD44 and Ki67. STR sequencing affirmed genomic homogeneity between cultured organoids and source tissues. Drug sensitivity testing revealed diverse responses among organoids, highlighting their value for assessing drug sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS An efficient OSCC organoid culture system for personalized in vitro drug sensitivity screening was established, laying the foundation for precise treatment development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Sui
- National Center for Stomatology, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China
- Department of Oral Emergency, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Shan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China
| | - Lu-Ming Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China
| | - Shang Xie
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Cai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China
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2
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Kikuchi T, Matsuura K, Shimizu T. Low-adhesion culture selection for human iPS cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11081. [PMID: 38744867 PMCID: PMC11094004 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60765-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite progress in generating cardiomyocytes from pluripotent stem cells, these populations often include non-contractile cells, necessitating cardiomyocyte selection for experimental purpose. This study explores a novel cardiomyocyte enrichment mechanism: low-adhesion culture selection. The cardiac cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells were subjected to a coating-free low-adhesion culture using bovine serum albumin and high molecular weight dextran sulfate. This approach effectively increased the population of cardiac troponin T-positive cardiomyocytes. Similar results were obtained with commercially available low-adhesion culture dishes. Subsequently, we accessed the practicality of selection of cardiomyocytes using this phenomenon by comparing it with established methods such as glucose-free culture and selection based on puromycin resistance genes. The cardiomyocytes enriched through low-adhesion culture selection maintained autonomous pulsation and responsiveness to beta-stimuli. Moreover, no significant differences were observed in the expression of genes related to subtype commitment and maturation when compared to other selection methods. In conclusion, cardiomyocytes derived from pluripotent stem cells were more low-adhesion culture resistant than their accompanying non-contractile cells, and low-adhesion culture is an alternative method for selection of pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsutaro Kikuchi
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University (TWIns), 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan.
| | - Katsuhisa Matsuura
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University (TWIns), 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Shimizu
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University (TWIns), 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
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3
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Jung BC, Woo SH, Kim SH, Kim YS. Gefitinib induces anoikis in cervical cancer cells. BMB Rep 2024; 57:104-109. [PMID: 38303562 PMCID: PMC10910092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Gefitinib exerts anticancer effects on various types of cancer, such as lung, ovarian, breast, and colon cancers. However, the therapeutic effects of gefitinib on cervical cancer and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Thus, this study aimed to explore whether gefitinib can be used to treat cervical cancer and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Results showed that gefitinib induced a caspase-dependent apoptosis of HeLa cells, which consequently became round and detached from the surface of the culture plate. Gefitinib induced the reorganization of actin cytoskeleton and downregulated the expression of p-FAK, integrin β1 and E-cadherin, which are important in cell-extracellular matrix adhesion and cell-cell interaction, respectively. Moreover, gefitinib hindered cell reattachment and spreading and suppressed interactions between detached cells in suspension, leading to poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage, a hallmark of apoptosis. It also induced detachment-induced apoptosis (anoikis) in C33A cells, another cervical cancer cell line. Taken together, these results suggest that gefitinib triggers anoikis in cervical cancer cells. Our findings may serve as a basis for broadening the range of anticancer drugs used to treat cervical cancer. [BMB Reports 2024; 57(2): 104-109].
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Chul Jung
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA, Cheonan 31172, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea
| | - Sung-Hun Woo
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Korea Nazarene University, Cheonan 31172, Korea
| | - Yoon Suk Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea
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Sittipo P, Anggradita LD, Kim H, Lee C, Hwang NS, Lee YK, Hwang Y. Cell Surface Modification-Mediated Primary Intestinal Epithelial Cell Culture Platforms for Assessing Host-Microbiota Interactions. Biomater Res 2024; 28:0004. [PMID: 38327615 PMCID: PMC10845607 DOI: 10.34133/bmr.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) play a crucial role in regulating the symbiotic relationship between the host and the gut microbiota, thereby allowing them to modulate barrier function, mucus production, and aberrant inflammation. Despite their importance, establishing an effective ex vivo culture method for supporting the prolonged survival and function of primary IECs remains challenging. Here, we aim to develop a novel strategy to support the long-term survival and function of primary IECs in response to gut microbiota by employing mild reduction of disulfides on the IEC surface proteins with tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine. Methods: Recognizing the crucial role of fibroblast-IEC crosstalk, we employed a cell surface modification strategy, establishing layer-to-layer contacts between fibroblasts and IECs. This involved combining negatively charged chondroitin sulfate on cell surfaces with a positively charged chitosan thin film between cells, enabling direct intercellular transfer. Validation included assessments of cell viability, efficiency of dye transfer, and IEC function upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment. Results: Our findings revealed that the layer-by-layer co-culture platform effectively facilitates the transfer of small molecules through gap junctions, providing vital support for the viability and function of primary IECs from both the small intestine and colon for up to 5 days, as evident by the expression of E-cadherin and Villin. Upon LPS treatment, these IECs exhibited a down-regulation of Villin and tight junction genes, such as E-cadherin and Zonula Occludens-1, when compared to their nontreated counterparts. Furthermore, the transcription level of Lysozyme exhibited an increase, while Mucin 2 showed a decrease in response to LPS, indicating responsiveness to bacterial molecules. Conclusions: Our study provides a layer-by-layer-based co-culture platform to support the prolonged survival of primary IECs and their features, which is important for understanding IEC function in response to the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panida Sittipo
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam-do 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Laurensia Danis Anggradita
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam-do 31151, Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science,
Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si, Chungnam-do 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunbum Kim
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam-do 31151, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes,
Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanyoung Lee
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam-do 31151, Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science,
Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si, Chungnam-do 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Nathaniel S. Hwang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes,
Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Bio-MAX/N-Bio Institute, Institute of Bio-Engineering,
Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Engineering Research,
Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Kyung Lee
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam-do 31151, Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science,
Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si, Chungnam-do 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongsung Hwang
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam-do 31151, Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science,
Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si, Chungnam-do 31538, Republic of Korea
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5
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Sungthong R, Khine HEE, Sumkhemthong S, Chanvorachote P, Tansawat R, Chaotham C. How do prolonged anchorage-free lifetimes strengthen non-small-cell lung cancer cells to evade anoikis? - A link with altered cellular metabolomics. Biol Res 2023; 56:44. [PMID: 37542350 PMCID: PMC10403914 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-023-00456-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant cells adopt anoikis resistance to survive anchorage-free stresses and initiate cancer metastasis. It is still unknown how varying periods of anchorage loss contribute to anoikis resistance, cell migration, and metabolic reprogramming of cancerous cells. RESULTS Our study demonstrated that prolonging the anchorage-free lifetime of non-small-cell lung cancer NCI-H460 cells for 7 days strengthened anoikis resistance, as shown by higher half-life and capability to survive and grow without anchorage, compared to wild-type cells or those losing anchorage for 3 days. While the prolonged anchorage-free lifetime was responsible for the increased aggressive feature of survival cells to perform rapid 3-dimensional migration during the first 3 h of a transwell assay, no significant influence was observed with 2-dimensional surface migration detected at 12 and 24 h by a wound-healing method. Metabolomics analysis revealed significant alteration in the intracellular levels of six (oxalic acid, cholesterol, 1-ethylpyrrolidine, 1-(3-methylbutyl)-2,3,4,6-tetramethylbenzene, β-alanine, and putrescine) among all 37 identified metabolites during 7 days without anchorage. Based on significance values, enrichment ratios, and impact scores of all metabolites and their associated pathways, three principal metabolic activities (non-standard amino acid metabolism, cell membrane biosynthesis, and oxidative stress response) offered potential links with anoikis resistance. CONCLUSIONS These findings further our insights into the evolution of anoikis resistance in lung cancer cells and identify promising biomarkers for early lung cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rungroch Sungthong
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Hnin Ei Ei Khine
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | | | - Pithi Chanvorachote
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Rossarin Tansawat
- Department of Food and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Chatchai Chaotham
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- Center of Excellence in Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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6
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Hockney S, Parker J, Turner JE, Todd X, Todryk S, Gieling RG, Hilgen G, Simoes DCM, Pal D. Next generation organoid engineering to replace animals in cancer drug testing. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 213:115586. [PMID: 37164297 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Cancer therapies have several clinical challenges associated with them, namely treatment toxicity, treatment resistance and relapse. Due to factors ranging from patient profiles to the tumour microenvironment (TME), there are several hurdles to overcome in developing effective treatments that have low toxicity that can mitigate emergence of resistance and occurrence of relapse. De novo cancer development has the highest drug attrition rates with only 1 in 10,000 preclinical candidates reaching the market. To alleviate this high attrition rate, more mimetic and sustainable preclinical models that can capture the disease biology as in the patient, are required. Organoids and next generation 3D tissue engineering is an emerging area that aims to address this problem. Advancement of three-dimensional (3D) in vitro cultures into complex organoid models incorporating multiple cell types alongside acellular aspects of tissue microenvironments can provide a system for therapeutic testing. Development of microfluidic technologies have furthermore increased the biomimetic nature of these models. Additionally, 3D bio-printing facilitates generation of tractable ex vivo models in a controlled, scalable and reproducible manner. In this review we highlight some of the traditional preclinical models used in cancer drug testing and debate how next generation organoids are being used to replace not only animal models, but also some of the more elementary in vitro approaches, such as cell lines. Examples of applications of the various models will be appraised alongside the future challenges that still need to be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Hockney
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Jessica Parker
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Jasmin E Turner
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 4EP, UK
| | - Xanthea Todd
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Stephen Todryk
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Roben Ger Gieling
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Gerrit Hilgen
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK; Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 4EP, UK
| | - Davina Camargo Madeira Simoes
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Deepali Pal
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK; Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.
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7
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Boo HJ, Min HY, Park CS, Park JS, Jeong JY, Lee SY, Kim WY, Lee JW, Oh SR, Park RW, Lee HY. Dual Impact of IGF2 on Alveolar Stem Cell Function during Tobacco-Induced Injury Repair and Development of Pulmonary Emphysema and Cancer. Cancer Res 2023; 83:1782-1799. [PMID: 36971490 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-3543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary emphysema is a destructive inflammatory disease primarily caused by cigarette smoking (CS). Recovery from CS-induced injury requires proper stem cell (SC) activities with a tightly controlled balance of proliferation and differentiation. Here we show that acute alveolar injury induced by two representative tobacco carcinogens, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone and benzo[a]pyrene (N/B), increased IGF2 expression in alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells to promote their SC function and facilitate alveolar regeneration. Autocrine IGF2 signaling upregulated Wnt genes, particularly Wnt3, to stimulate AT2 proliferation and alveolar barrier regeneration after N/B-induced acute injury. In contrast, repetitive N/B exposure provoked sustained IGF2-Wnt signaling through DNMT3A-mediated epigenetic control of IGF2 expression, causing a proliferation/differentiation imbalance in AT2s and development of emphysema and cancer. Hypermethylation of the IGF2 promoter and overexpression of DNMT3A, IGF2, and the Wnt target gene AXIN2 were seen in the lungs of patients with CS-associated emphysema and cancer. Pharmacologic or genetic approaches targeting IGF2-Wnt signaling or DNMT prevented the development of N/B-induced pulmonary diseases. These findings support dual roles of AT2 cells, which can either stimulate alveolar repair or promote emphysema and cancer depending on IGF2 expression levels. SIGNIFICANCE IGF2-Wnt signaling plays a key role in AT2-mediated alveolar repair after cigarette smoking-induced injury but also drives pathogenesis of pulmonary emphysema and cancer when hyperactivated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jin Boo
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Concurrent Control of Emphysema and Lung Cancer, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Young Min
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Concurrent Control of Emphysema and Lung Cancer, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Choon-Sik Park
- Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Sook Park
- Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yun Jeong
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Yup Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Lung Cancer Center, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Young Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Won Lee
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sei-Ryang Oh
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Rang-Woon Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, and Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Young Lee
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Concurrent Control of Emphysema and Lung Cancer, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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8
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Weems AD, Welf ES, Driscoll MK, Zhou FY, Mazloom-Farsibaf H, Chang BJ, Murali VS, Gihana GM, Weiss BG, Chi J, Rajendran D, Dean KM, Fiolka R, Danuser G. Blebs promote cell survival by assembling oncogenic signalling hubs. Nature 2023; 615:517-525. [PMID: 36859545 PMCID: PMC10881276 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05758-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Most human cells require anchorage for survival. Cell-substrate adhesion activates diverse signalling pathways, without which cells undergo anoikis-a form of programmed cell death1. Acquisition of anoikis resistance is a pivotal step in cancer disease progression, as metastasizing cells often lose firm attachment to surrounding tissue2,3. In these poorly attached states, cells adopt rounded morphologies and form small hemispherical plasma membrane protrusions called blebs4-11. Bleb function has been thoroughly investigated in the context of amoeboid migration, but it has been examined far less in other scenarios12. Here we show by three-dimensional imaging and manipulation of cell morphological states that blebbing triggers the formation of plasma membrane-proximal signalling hubs that confer anoikis resistance. Specifically, in melanoma cells, blebbing generates plasma membrane contours that recruit curvature-sensing septin proteins as scaffolds for constitutively active mutant NRAS and effectors. These signalling hubs activate ERK and PI3K-well-established promoters of pro-survival pathways. Inhibition of blebs or septins has little effect on the survival of well-adhered cells, but in detached cells it causes NRAS mislocalization, reduced MAPK and PI3K activity, and ultimately, death. This unveils a morphological requirement for mutant NRAS to operate as an effective oncoprotein. Furthermore, whereas some BRAF-mutated melanoma cells do not rely on this survival pathway in a basal state, inhibition of BRAF and MEK strongly sensitizes them to both bleb and septin inhibition. Moreover, fibroblasts engineered to sustain blebbing acquire the same anoikis resistance as cancer cells even without harbouring oncogenic mutations. Thus, blebs are potent signalling organelles capable of integrating myriad cellular information flows into concerted cellular responses, in this case granting robust anoikis resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Weems
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Erik S Welf
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Meghan K Driscoll
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Felix Y Zhou
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Bo-Jui Chang
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Vasanth S Murali
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Gabriel M Gihana
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Byron G Weiss
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Joseph Chi
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Divya Rajendran
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Kevin M Dean
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Reto Fiolka
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Gaudenz Danuser
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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9
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Sun H, Tan J, Chen H, Wu N, Su B. Immune niches orchestrated by intestinal mesenchymal stromal cells lining the crypt-villus. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1057932. [PMID: 36405734 PMCID: PMC9669707 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1057932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian intestine is an organ that can be spatially defined by two axes: longitudinal and vertical. Such anatomical structure ensures the maintenance of a relatively immuno-quiescent and proliferation-promoting crypt for intestinal stem cell differentiation while actively warding off the invading intestinal microbes at the villus tip during digestion and nutrient absorption. Such behavior is achieved by the fine coordination among intestinal epithelial cells, intestinal mesenchymal stromal cells and tissue-resident immune cells like myeloid cells and lymphocytes. Among these cell types resided in the colon, intestinal mesenchymal stromal cells are considered to be the essential link between epithelium, vasculature, neuronal system, and hematopoietic compartment. Recent advancement of single cell and spatial transcriptomics has enabled us to characterize the spatial and functional heterogeneity of intestinal mesenchymal stromal cells. These studies reveal distinctive intestinal mesenchymal stromal cells localized in different regions of the intestine with diverse functions including but not limited to providing cytokines and growth factors essential for different immune cells and epithelial cells which predict niche formation for immune function from the villus tip to the crypt bottom. In this review, we aim to provide an overall view of the heterogeneity of intestinal mesenchymal stromal cells, the spatial distribution of these cells along with their interaction with immune cells and the potential regulatory cytokine profile of these cell types. Summarization of such information may enrich our current understanding of the immuno-regulatory functions of the newly identified mesenchymal stromal cell subsets beyond their epithelial regulatory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxiang Sun
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, and the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Death and Differentiation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Center for Immune-Related Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine–Yale Institute for Immune Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianmei Tan
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, and the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Death and Differentiation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Center for Immune-Related Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine–Yale Institute for Immune Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongqian Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, and the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Death and Differentiation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Center for Immune-Related Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine–Yale Institute for Immune Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ningbo Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, and the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Death and Differentiation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Center for Immune-Related Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine–Yale Institute for Immune Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Su
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, and the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Death and Differentiation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Center for Immune-Related Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine–Yale Institute for Immune Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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10
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Raeisi M, Zehtabi M, Velaei K, Fayyazpour P, Aghaei N, Mehdizadeh A. Anoikis in cancer: The role of lipid signaling. Cell Biol Int 2022; 46:1717-1728. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mortaza Raeisi
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Mojtaba Zehtabi
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Kobra Velaei
- Department of Anatomical Sciences Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Parisa Fayyazpour
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Negar Aghaei
- Department of Psycology, Faculty of Medicine Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Imam Sajjad Hospital Tabriz Azad University Tabriz Iran
| | - Amir Mehdizadeh
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
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11
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Yang M, Chen B, Kong L, Chen X, Ouyang Y, Bai J, Yu D, Zhang H, Li X, Zhang D. HMMR promotes peritoneal implantation of gastric cancer by increasing cell-cell interactions. Discov Oncol 2022; 13:81. [PMID: 36002694 PMCID: PMC9402864 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-022-00543-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Distant metastasis is the prominent factor for cancer-induced death of gastric cancer in which peritoneum is one of the dominating targets of gastric cancer metastasis. However, there is still a lack of effective predictive indicators and treatment methods for gastric cancer patients with peritoneal metastasis. METHODS A clustering assay was used to investigate the cell aggregates formation ability. While the soft agar assay and anoikis assay were performed to detect the anchorage-independent growth and anoikis-resistant ability respectively. Luciferase activity assay, western blotting and immunofluorescence were used to explore the effect of HMMR on AKT signaling activity. The peritoneal implantation model was examined to explore the role of HMMR in vivo. RESULTS Silencing of HMMR expression markedly reduced the peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer cells through reducing cell-cell interactions. Mechanistically, HA-HMMR could activate Akt signaling, thus succeeding in distant colonization and metastatic outgrowth. Importantly, inducible depletion of HMMR significantly abrogates peritoneal implantation of gastric cancer in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION Our study highlights that HMMR promotes peritoneal implantation of gastric cancer. A better understanding of HMMR's functions and mechanism might provide a novel therapeutic target and prognostic marker for metastatic gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muwen Yang
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Boyu Chen
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Lingzhi Kong
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangfu Chen
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Ouyang
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiewen Bai
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Donglin Yu
- Academy of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Huizhong Zhang
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xinghua Li
- Department of Radiotherapy, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China.
| | - Dongsheng Zhang
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China.
- Research Unit of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Platelet Membrane: An Outstanding Factor in Cancer Metastasis. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12020182. [PMID: 35207103 PMCID: PMC8875259 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12020182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
In addition to being biological barriers where the internalization or release of biomolecules is decided, cell membranes are contact structures between the interior and exterior of the cell. Here, the processes of cell signaling mediated by receptors, ions, hormones, cytokines, enzymes, growth factors, extracellular matrix (ECM), and vesicles begin. They triggering several responses from the cell membrane that include rearranging its components according to the immediate needs of the cell, for example, in the membrane of platelets, the formation of filopodia and lamellipodia as a tissue repair response. In cancer, the cancer cells must adapt to the new tumor microenvironment (TME) and acquire capacities in the cell membrane to transform their shape, such as in the case of epithelial−mesenchymal transition (EMT) in the metastatic process. The cancer cells must also attract allies in this challenging process, such as platelets, fibroblasts associated with cancer (CAF), stromal cells, adipocytes, and the extracellular matrix itself, which limits tumor growth. The platelets are enucleated cells with fairly interesting growth factors, proangiogenic factors, cytokines, mRNA, and proteins, which support the development of a tumor microenvironment and support the metastatic process. This review will discuss the different actions that platelet membranes and cancer cell membranes carry out during their relationship in the tumor microenvironment and metastasis.
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13
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Orr B, Sutton K, Christian S, Nash T, Niemann H, Hansen LL, McGrew MJ, Jensen SR, Vervelde L. Novel chicken two-dimensional intestinal model comprising all key epithelial cell types and a mesenchymal sub-layer. Vet Res 2021; 52:142. [PMID: 34819162 PMCID: PMC8611946 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-021-01010-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium plays a variety of roles including providing an effective physical barrier and innate immune protection against infection. Two-dimensional models of the intestinal epithelium, 2D enteroids, are a valuable resource to investigate intestinal cell biology and innate immune functions and are suitable for high throughput studies of paracellular transport and epithelial integrity. We have developed a chicken 2D enteroid model that recapitulates all major differentiated cell lineages, including enterocytes, Paneth cells, Goblet cells, enteroendocrine cells and leukocytes, and self-organises into an epithelial and mesenchymal sub-layer. Functional studies demonstrated the 2D enteroids formed a tight cell layer with minimal paracellular flux and a robust epithelial integrity, which was maintained or rescued following damage. The 2D enteroids were also able to demonstrate appropriate innate immune responses following exposure to bacterial endotoxins, from Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium and Bacillus subtilis. Frozen 2D enteroids cells when thawed were comparable to freshly isolated cells. The chicken 2D enteroids provide a useful ex vivo model to study intestinal cell biology and innate immune function, and have potential uses in screening of nutritional supplements, pharmaceuticals, and bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigid Orr
- Division of Infection and Immunity, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
| | - Kate Sutton
- Division of Infection and Immunity, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
| | - Sonja Christian
- Novozymes A/S, Animal Health and Nutrition, 2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tessa Nash
- Division of Infection and Immunity, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
| | - Helle Niemann
- Novozymes A/S, Animal Health and Nutrition, 2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lone Lind Hansen
- Novozymes A/S, Animal Health and Nutrition, 2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mike J McGrew
- Division of Infection and Immunity, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
| | | | - Lonneke Vervelde
- Division of Infection and Immunity, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK.
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14
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Scott A, Olack B, Rouch JD, Khalil HA, Kokubun BA, Lei NY, Wang J, Solorzano S, Lewis M, Dunn JCY, Stelzner MG, Niland JC, Martín MG. Comparison of Surgical and Cadaveric Intestine as a Source of Crypt Culture in Humans. Cell Transplant 2021; 29:963689720903709. [PMID: 32907378 PMCID: PMC7784595 DOI: 10.1177/0963689720903709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human small intestinal crypts are the source of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) that are capable of undergoing self-renewal and differentiation to an epithelial layer. The development of methods to expand the ISCs has provided opportunities to model human intestinal epithelial disorders. Human crypt samples are usually obtained from either endoscopic or discarded surgical samples, and are thereby exposed to warm ischemia, which may impair their in vitro growth as three-dimensional culture as spheroids or enteroids. In this study we compared duodenal samples obtained from discarded surgical samples to those isolated from whole-body preserved cadaveric donors to generate in vitro cultures. We also examined the effect of storage solution (phosphate-buffered saline or University of Wisconsin [UW] solution) as well as multiple storage times on crypt isolation and growth in culture. We found that intestinal crypts were successfully isolated from cadaveric tissue stored for up to 144 h post-procurement and also were able to generate enteroids and spheroids in certain media conditions. Surgical samples stored in UW after procurement were sufficiently viable up to 24 h and also allowed the generation of enteroids and spheroids. We conclude that surgical samples stored for up to 24 h post-procurement in UW solution allowed for delayed crypt isolation and viable in vitro cultures. Furthermore, in situ, hypothermic preservation in cadaveric duodenal samples permitted crypt/ISC isolation, and successful culture of spheroids and enteroids from tissues held for up to 6 days post-procurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Scott
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, 12222UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Barbara Olack
- Department of Diabetes and Cancer Discovery Science, 20220City of Hope, Integrated Islet Distribution Program and Intestinal Stem Cell Consortium, Coordinating Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Joshua D Rouch
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, 12222UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hassan A Khalil
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, 12222UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brent A Kokubun
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, 12222UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nan Ye Lei
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, 12222UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jiafang Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Mattel Children's Hospital and the David Geffen School of Medicine, 12222UCLA Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sergio Solorzano
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Mattel Children's Hospital and the David Geffen School of Medicine, 12222UCLA Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael Lewis
- Department of Pathology, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - James C Y Dunn
- Department of Surgery, 6429Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Matthias G Stelzner
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, 12222UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joyce C Niland
- Department of Diabetes and Cancer Discovery Science, 20220City of Hope, Integrated Islet Distribution Program and Intestinal Stem Cell Consortium, Coordinating Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Martín G Martín
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Mattel Children's Hospital and the David Geffen School of Medicine, 12222UCLA Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, 12222UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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15
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Organoids and Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112657. [PMID: 34071313 PMCID: PMC8197877 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Organoids were first established as a three-dimensional cell culture system from mouse small intestine. Subsequent development has made organoids a key system to study many human physiological and pathological processes that affect a variety of tissues and organs. In particular, organoids are becoming very useful tools to dissect colorectal cancer (CRC) by allowing the circumvention of classical problems and limitations, such as the impossibility of long-term culture of normal intestinal epithelial cells and the lack of good animal models for CRC. In this review, we describe the features and current knowledge of intestinal organoids and how they are largely contributing to our better understanding of intestinal cell biology and CRC genetics. Moreover, recent data show that organoids are appropriate systems for antitumoral drug testing and for the personalized treatment of CRC patients.
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16
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Crawford SE, Ramani S, Blutt SE, Estes MK. Organoids to Dissect Gastrointestinal Virus-Host Interactions: What Have We Learned? Viruses 2021; 13:999. [PMID: 34071878 PMCID: PMC8230193 DOI: 10.3390/v13060999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Historically, knowledge of human host-enteric pathogen interactions has been elucidated from studies using cancer cells, animal models, clinical data, and occasionally, controlled human infection models. Although much has been learned from these studies, an understanding of the complex interactions between human viruses and the human intestinal epithelium was initially limited by the lack of nontransformed culture systems, which recapitulate the relevant heterogenous cell types that comprise the intestinal villus epithelium. New investigations using multicellular, physiologically active, organotypic cultures produced from intestinal stem cells isolated from biopsies or surgical specimens provide an exciting new avenue for understanding human specific pathogens and revealing previously unknown host-microbe interactions that affect replication and outcomes of human infections. Here, we summarize recent biologic discoveries using human intestinal organoids and human enteric viral pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue E. Crawford
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.E.C.); (S.R.); (S.E.B.)
| | - Sasirekha Ramani
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.E.C.); (S.R.); (S.E.B.)
| | - Sarah E. Blutt
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.E.C.); (S.R.); (S.E.B.)
| | - Mary K. Estes
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.E.C.); (S.R.); (S.E.B.)
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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17
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Tsuji T, Maeda Y, Kita K, Murakami K, Saya H, Takemura H, Inaki N, Oshima M, Oshima H. FOXO3 is a latent tumor suppressor for FOXO3-positive and cytoplasmic-type gastric cancer cells. Oncogene 2021; 40:3072-3086. [PMID: 33795838 PMCID: PMC8084732 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01757-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
FOXO3 is a member of the FOXO transcription factors thought to play a tumor-suppressor role in gastrointestinal cancer, while tumor-promoting function of FOXO3 has also been reported. These results suggest a context-dependent function of FOXO3 in tumor development. However, the relationship between the FOXO3 expression pattern and its role in tumorigenesis has not been elucidated. We examined the FOXO3 expression in 65 human primary gastric cancer and patient-derived xenograft tissues by immunohistochemistry and identified three subtypes according to subcellular localization: FOXO3-nuclear accumulated (FOXO3-Nuc), FOXO3-nuclear/cytoplasmic or cytoplasmic distributed (FOXO3-Cyt), and FOXO3-negative. In the FOXO3-Cyt gastric cancer cells, the expression of the constitutive active mutant FOXO3 (Act-ER FOXO3) induced the nuclear accumulation of FOXO3 and significantly suppressed colony formation and proliferation. The inhibition of the PI3K-AKT pathway by inhibitor treatment also suppressed the proliferation of FOXO3-Cyt gastric cancer cells, which was associated with the nuclear accumulation of endogenous FOXO3. Furthermore, the expression of Act-ER FOXO3 by an endogenous promoter significantly suppressed gastric tumorigenesis in Gan mice, a model of gastric cancer. Finally, treatment of FOXO3-Cyt human gastric cancer-derived organoids with an AKT inhibitor significantly suppressed the survival and proliferation. These results indicate that FOXO3 is a latent tumor suppressor for FOXO3-Cyt-type gastric cancer cells and that activation of the PI3K-AKT pathway protects this type of gastric cancer cell from FOXO3-mediated growth suppression via constitutive nuclear export. Thus, the inhibition of the PI3K-AKT pathway and nuclear translocation of endogenous FOXO3 may have therapeutic applications in the treatment of FOXO3-positive and cytoplasmic-type gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshikatsu Tsuji
- Division of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- Department of Thoracic, Cardiovascular and General Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Ishikawa Prefectural Central Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yusuke Maeda
- Division of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research (IAMR), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Kita
- Central Research Resource Branch, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Murakami
- Division of Stem Cell Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Saya
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research (IAMR), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Takemura
- Department of Thoracic, Cardiovascular and General Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Inaki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masanobu Oshima
- Division of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- WPI Nano-Life Science Institute (Nano-LSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroko Oshima
- Division of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
- WPI Nano-Life Science Institute (Nano-LSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
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18
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Chen W, Zhu J, Lin F, Xu Y, Feng B, Feng X, Sheng X, Shi X, Pan Q, Yang J, Yu J, Li L, Cao H. Human placenta mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes delay H 2O 2-induced aging in mouse cholangioids. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:201. [PMID: 33752720 PMCID: PMC7983269 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02271-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cholangiocyte senescence is an important pathological process in diseases such as primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). Stem cell/induced pluripotent stem cell-derived exosomes have shown anti-senescence effects in various diseases. We applied novel organoid culture technology to establish and characterize cholangiocyte organoids (cholangioids) with oxidative stress-induced senescence and then investigated whether human placenta mesenchymal stem cell (hPMSC)-derived exosomes exerted a protective effect in senescent cholangioids. Methods We identified the growth characteristics of cholangioids by light microscopy and confocal microscopy. Exosomes were introduced concurrently with H2O2 into the cholangioids. Using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining analyses, we assessed the expression patterns of the senescence markers p16INK4a, p21WAF1/Cip1, and senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) and then characterized the mRNA and protein expression levels of chemokines and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) components. Results Well-established cholangioids expressed cholangiocyte-specific markers. Oxidative stress-induced senescence enhanced the expression of the senescence-associated proteins p16INK4a, p21WAF1/Cip1, and SA-β-gal in senescent cholangioids compared with the control group. Treatment with hPMSC-derived exosomes delayed the cholangioid aging progress and reduced the levels of SASP components (i.e., interleukin-6 and chemokine CC ligand 2). Conclusions Senescent organoids are a potential novel model for better understanding senescence progression in cholangiocytes. hPMSC-derived exosomes exert protective effects against senescent cholangioids under oxidative stress-induced injury by delaying aging and reducing SASP components, which might have therapeutic potential for PSC or PBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City, 310003, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City, 310003, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City, 310003, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City, 310003, China
| | - Feiyan Lin
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City, 310003, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City, 310003, China
| | - Yanping Xu
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City, 310003, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City, 310003, China
| | - Bing Feng
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City, 310003, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City, 310003, China
| | - Xudong Feng
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City, 310003, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City, 310003, China
| | - Xinyu Sheng
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City, 310003, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City, 310003, China
| | - Xiaowei Shi
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City, 310003, China
| | - Qiaoling Pan
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City, 310003, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City, 310003, China
| | - Jinfeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City, 310003, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City, 310003, China
| | - Jiong Yu
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City, 310003, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City, 310003, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City, 310003, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City, 310003, China
| | - Hongcui Cao
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City, 310003, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City, 310003, China. .,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-chemical Injury Diseases, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City, 310003, China.
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Hwang SH, Lee S, Park JY, Jeon JS, Cho YJ, Kim S. Potential of Drug Efficacy Evaluation in Lung and Kidney Cancer Models Using Organ-on-a-Chip Technology. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:215. [PMID: 33669950 PMCID: PMC7924856 DOI: 10.3390/mi12020215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Organ-on-a-chip (OoC) is an exponential technology with the potential to revolutionize disease, toxicology research, and drug discovery. Recent advances in OoC could be utilized for drug screening in disease models to evaluate the efficacy of new therapies and support new tools for the understanding of disease mechanisms. Rigorous validation of this technology is required to determine whether OoC models may represent human-relevant physiology and predict clinical outcomes in target disease models. Achievements in the OoC field could reveal exciting new avenues for drug development and discovery. This review attempts to highlight the benefits of OoC as per our understanding of the cellular and molecular pathways in lung and kidney cancer models, and discusses the challenges in evaluating drug efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Hye Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea; (S.-H.H.); (Y.-J.C.)
| | - Sangchul Lee
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - Jee Yoon Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | | | - Young-Jae Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea; (S.-H.H.); (Y.-J.C.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Sejoong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea; (S.-H.H.); (Y.-J.C.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
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21
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Efficacy of theobromine in preventing intestinal CaCo-2 cell damage induced by oxysterols. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 694:108591. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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22
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DeHaan RK, Sarvestani SK, Huang EH. Organoid Models of Colorectal Pathology: Do They Hold the Key to Personalized Medicine? A Systematic Review. Dis Colon Rectum 2020; 63:1559-1569. [PMID: 32868555 PMCID: PMC7547902 DOI: 10.1097/dcr.0000000000001806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer and IBD account for a large portion of the practice of colorectal surgery. Historical research models have provided insights into the underlying causes of these diseases but come with many limitations. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature regarding the advantage of organoid models in modeling benign and malignant colorectal pathology. DATA SOURCES Sources included PubMed, Ovid-Medline, and Ovid Embase STUDY SELECTION:: Two reviewers completed a systematic review of the literature between January 2006 and January of 2020 for studies related to colon and intestinal organoids. Reviews, commentaries, protocols, and studies not performed in humans or mice were excluded. RESULTS A total of 73 articles were included. Organoid models of colorectal disease have been rising in popularity to further elucidate the genetic, transcriptomic, and treatment response of these diseases at the individual level. Increasingly complex models utilizing coculture techniques are being rapidly developed that allow in vitro recapitulation of the disease microenvironment. LIMITATIONS This review is only qualitative, and the lack of well utilized nomenclature in the organoid community may have resulted in the exclusion of articles. CONCLUSIONS Historical disease models including cell lines, patient-derived tumor xenografts, and animal models have created a strong foundation for our understanding of colorectal pathology. Recent advances in 3-dimensional cell cultures, in the form of patient-derived epithelial organoids and induced human intestinal organoids have opened a new avenue for high-resolution analysis of pathology at the level of an individual patient. Recent research has shown the potential of organoids as a tool for personalized medicine with their ability to retain patient characteristics, including treatment response.
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23
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Zhu L, Hissa B, Győrffy B, Jann JC, Yang C, Reissfelder C, Schölch S. Characterization of Stem-like Circulating Tumor Cells in Pancreatic Cancer. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:E305. [PMID: 32429174 PMCID: PMC7278018 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10050305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the fourth most frequent cause of death from cancer. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) with stem-like characteristics lead to distant metastases and thus contribute to the dismal prognosis of PDAC. Our purpose is to investigate the role of stemness in CTCs derived from a genetically engineered mouse model of PDAC and to further explore the potential molecular mechanisms. The publically available RNA sequencing dataset GSE51372 was analyzed, and CTCs with (CTC-S) or without (CTC-N) stem-like features were discriminated based on a principal component analysis (PCA). Differentially expressed genes, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), and further functional enrichment analyses were performed. The prognostic role of the candidate gene (CTNNB1) was assessed in a clinical PDAC patient cohort. Overexpression of the pluripotency marker Klf4 (Krüppel-like factor 4) in CTC-S cells positively correlates with Ctnnb1 (β-Catenin) expression, and their interaction presumably happens via protein-protein binding in the nucleus. As a result, the adherens junction pathway is significantly enriched in CTC-S. Furthermore, the overexpression of Ctnnb1 is a negative prognostic factor for progression-free survival (PFS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) in human PDAC cohort. Overexpression of Ctnnb1 may thus promote the metastatic capabilities of CTCs with stem-like properties via adherens junctions in murine PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhu
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (L.Z.); (B.H.); (C.Y.); (C.R.)
| | - Barbara Hissa
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (L.Z.); (B.H.); (C.Y.); (C.R.)
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary;
- TTK Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Johann-Christoph Jann
- Department of Medicine III, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany;
| | - Cui Yang
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (L.Z.); (B.H.); (C.Y.); (C.R.)
| | - Christoph Reissfelder
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (L.Z.); (B.H.); (C.Y.); (C.R.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) & German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schölch
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (L.Z.); (B.H.); (C.Y.); (C.R.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) & German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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24
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Nakayama M, Hong CP, Oshima H, Sakai E, Kim SJ, Oshima M. Loss of wild-type p53 promotes mutant p53-driven metastasis through acquisition of survival and tumor-initiating properties. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2333. [PMID: 32393735 PMCID: PMC7214469 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16245-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Missense-type mutant p53 plays a tumor-promoting role through gain-of-function (GOF) mechanism. In addition, the loss of wild-type TP53 through loss of heterozygosity (LOH) is widely found in cancer cells. However, malignant progression induced by cooperation of TP53 GOF mutation and LOH remains poorly understood. Here, we show that mouse intestinal tumors carrying Trp53 GOF mutation with LOH (AKTPM/LOH) are enriched in metastatic lesions when heterozygous Trp53 mutant cells (AKTP+/M) are transplanted. We show that Trp53 LOH is required for dormant cell survival and clonal expansion of cancer cells. Moreover, AKTPM/LOH cells show an increased in vivo tumor-initiating ability compared with AKTPNull and AKTP+/M cells. RNAseq analyses reveal that inflammatory and growth factor/MAPK pathways are specifically activated in AKTPM/LOH cells, while the stem cell signature is upregulated in both AKTPM/LOH and AKTPNull cells. These results indicate that TP53/Trp53 LOH promotes TP53/Trp53 GOF mutation-driven metastasis through the activation of distinct pathway combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuho Nakayama
- Division of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.,WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Chang Pyo Hong
- Theragen Etex Bio Institute, Suwon, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Hiroko Oshima
- Division of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.,WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Eri Sakai
- Division of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Seong-Jin Kim
- Theragen Etex Bio Institute, Suwon, 16229, Republic of Korea.,Precision Medicine Research Center, Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology and Department of Transdisciplinary Studies, Seoul National University, Suwon, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Masanobu Oshima
- Division of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan. .,WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
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Mehruba M, Siddique SM, Mukai H. PKN1 controls the aggregation, spheroid formation, and viability of mouse embryonic fibroblasts in suspension culture. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 523:398-404. [PMID: 31870546 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.12.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The role of protein kinase N1 (PKN1) in cell aggregation and spheroid formation was investigated using mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) deficient in kinase activity caused by a point mutation (T778A) in the activation loop. Wild type (WT) MEFs formed cell aggregates within a few hours in suspension cultures placed in poly-2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (poly-HEMA) coated flat-bottom dishes. By contrast, PKN1[T778A] (PKN1 T778A/T778A homozygous knock-in) MEFs showed significantly delayed aggregate formation and higher susceptibility to cell death. Video analysis of suspension cultures revealed decreased cell motility and lesser frequency of cell-cell contact in PKN1[T778A] MEFs compared to that in WT MEFs. Aggregate formation of PKN1[T778A] MEFs was compensated by shaking the cell suspension. When cultured in U-shaped ultra-low attachment well plates, initially larger-sized and loosely packed aggregates of WT MEFs underwent compaction resulting in a single round spheroid. On the other hand, image-based quantitative analysis of PKN1[T778A] MEFs revealed irregular compaction with decreased roundness, solidity, and sphericity within 24 h. Flow cytometry of PKN1[T778A] MEFs revealed decreased surface-expression of N-cadherin and integrins α5 and αV. These results suggest that kinase activity of PKN1 controls cell aggregation and spheroid compaction in MEF suspension culture, possibly by regulating the cell migration and cell-surface expression of N-cadherin and integrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Mehruba
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | | | - Hideyuki Mukai
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan; Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan.
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26
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Bustamante FA, Miró MP, VelÁsquez ZD, Molina L, Ehrenfeld P, Rivera FJ, BÁtiz LF. Role of adherens junctions and apical-basal polarity of neural stem/progenitor cells in the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental disorders: a novel perspective on congenital Zika syndrome. Transl Res 2019; 210:57-79. [PMID: 30904442 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Radial glial cells (RGCs) are the neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) that give rise to most of neurons and glial cells that constitute the adult central nervous system. A hallmark of RGCs is their polarization along the apical-basal axis. They extend a long basal process that contacts the pial surface and a short apical process to the ventricular surface. Adherens junctions (AJs) are organized as belt-like structures at the most-apical lateral plasma membrane of the apical processes. These junctional complexes anchor RGCs to each other and allow the recruitment of cytoplasmic proteins that act as apical-basal determinants. It has been proposed that disruption of AJs underlies the onset of different neurodevelopmental disorders. In fact, studies performed in different animal models indicate that loss of function of AJs-related proteins in NSPCs can disrupt cell polarity, imbalance proliferation and/or differentiation rates and increase cell death, which, in turn, lead to disruption of the cytoarchitecture of the ventricular zone, protrusion of non-polarized cells into the ventricles, cortical thinning, and ventriculomegaly/hydrocephalus, among other neuropathological findings. Recent Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreaks and the high comorbidity of ZIKV infection with congenital neurodevelopmental defects have led to the World Health Organization to declare a public emergency of international concern. Thus, noteworthy advances have been made in clinical and experimental ZIKV research. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding the function of AJs in normal and pathological corticogenesis and focuses on the neuropathological and cellular mechanisms involved in congenital ZIKV syndrome, highlighting the potential role of cell-to-cell junctions between NSPCs in the etiopathogenesis of such syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe A Bustamante
- Laboratory of Developmental Neuropathology, Institute of Anatomy, Histology & Pathology, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on the Nervous System (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia Chile
| | - MarÍa Paz Miró
- Laboratory of Developmental Neuropathology, Institute of Anatomy, Histology & Pathology, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on the Nervous System (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia Chile
| | - Zahady D VelÁsquez
- Laboratory of Developmental Neuropathology, Institute of Anatomy, Histology & Pathology, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Institute für Parasitologie, Biomedizinisches Forschungszentrum Seltersberg, Justus Liebig Universität, Gießen, Germany
| | - Luis Molina
- Laboratory of Cellular Pathology, Institute of Anatomy, Histology & Pathology, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Químicas, Facultad de Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Pamela Ehrenfeld
- Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on the Nervous System (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia Chile; Laboratory of Cellular Pathology, Institute of Anatomy, Histology & Pathology, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Francisco J Rivera
- Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on the Nervous System (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia Chile; Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Luis Federico BÁtiz
- Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on the Nervous System (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia Chile; Centro de Investigación Biomédica (CIB), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.
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27
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Grisard E, Coan M, Cesaratto L, Rigo I, Zandonà L, Paulitti A, Andreuzzi E, Rampioni Vinciguerra GL, Poletto E, Del Ben F, Brisotto G, Biscontin E, Turetta M, Dassi E, Mirnezami A, Canzonieri V, Vecchione A, Baldassarre G, Mongiat M, Spizzo R, Nicoloso MS. Sleeping beauty genetic screen identifies miR-23b::BTBD7 gene interaction as crucial for colorectal cancer metastasis. EBioMedicine 2019; 46:79-93. [PMID: 31303496 PMCID: PMC6710852 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a deadly disease. Identifying locally advanced CRC patients with high risk of developing metastasis and improving outcome of metastatic CRC patients require discovering master regulators of metastasis. In this context, the non-coding part of the human genome is still largely unexplored. Methods To interrogate the non-coding part of the human genome and disclose regulators of CRC metastasis, we combined a transposon-based forward genetic screen with a novel in vitro assay, which forces cells to grow deprived of cell-substrate and cell-cell contacts (i.e. forced single cell suspension assay - fSCS). Findings We proved that fSCS selects CRC cells with mesenchymal and pro-metastatic traits. Moreover, we found that the transposon insertions conferred CRC cells resistance to fSCS and thus metastatic advantage. Among the retrieved transposon insertions, we demonstrated that the one located in the 3′UTR of BTBD7 disrupts miR-23b::BTBD7 interaction and contributes to pro-metastatic traits. In addition, miR-23b and BTBD7 correlate with CRC metastasis both in preclinical experiments and in clinical samples. Interpretation fSCS is a simple and scalable in vitro assay to investigate pro-metastatic traits and transposon-based genetic screens can interrogate the non-coding part of the human genome (e.g. miRNA::target interactions). Finally, both Btbd7 and miR-23b represent promising prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in CRC. Fund This work was supported by Marie Curie Actions (CIG n. 303877) and Friuli Venezia Giulia region (Grant Agreement n°245574), Italian Association for Cancer Research (AIRC, MFAG n°13589), Italian Ministry of Health (GR-2010-2319387 and PE-2016-02361040) and 5x1000 to CRO Aviano.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Grisard
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Italy
| | - Michela Coan
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Italy; Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Laura Cesaratto
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Italy
| | - Ilenia Rigo
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Italy
| | - Luigi Zandonà
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Italy
| | - Alice Paulitti
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Italy
| | - Eva Andreuzzi
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Italy
| | - Gian Luca Rampioni Vinciguerra
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Italy; Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Rome "Sapienza", Santo Andrea Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Evelina Poletto
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Italy
| | - Fabio Del Ben
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Italy
| | - Giulia Brisotto
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Italy; Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Eva Biscontin
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Italy
| | - Matteo Turetta
- Pathology Department, University Hospital of Udine, Italy
| | - Erik Dassi
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Italy
| | - Alex Mirnezami
- Cancer Sciences, University Surgical Unit, University of Southampton, UK
| | - Vincenzo Canzonieri
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Italy; Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste Medical School, Trieste, Italy
| | - Andrea Vecchione
- Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Rome "Sapienza", Santo Andrea Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Gustavo Baldassarre
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Italy
| | - Maurizio Mongiat
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Italy
| | - Riccardo Spizzo
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Italy.
| | - Milena S Nicoloso
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Italy
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Feldman A, Mukha D, Maor II, Sedov E, Koren E, Yosefzon Y, Shlomi T, Fuchs Y. Blimp1 + cells generate functional mouse sebaceous gland organoids in vitro. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2348. [PMID: 31138796 PMCID: PMC6538623 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10261-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Most studies on the skin focus primarily on the hair follicle and interfollicular epidermis, whereas little is known regarding the homeostasis of the sebaceous gland (SG). The SG has been proposed to be replenished by different pools of hair follicle stem cells and cells that resides in the SG base, marked by Blimp1. Here, we demonstrate that single Blimp1+ cells isolated from mice have the potential to generate SG organoids in vitro. Mimicking SG homeostasis, the outer layer of these organoids is composed of proliferating cells that migrate inward, undergo terminal differentiation and generating lipid-filled sebocytes. Performing confocal microscopy and mass-spectrometry, we report that these organoids exhibit known markers and a lipidomic profile similar to SGs in vivo. Furthermore, we identify a role for c-Myc in sebocyte proliferation and differentiation, and determine that SG organoids can serve as a platform for studying initial stages of acne vulgaris, making this a useful platform to identify potential therapeutic targets. The sebaceous gland (SG) has been proposed to be replenished by pools of cells, including a population in the SG base, marked by Blimp1. Here, the authors show that Blimp1+ cells can establish an organoid model of the SG, which is regulated by c-Myc and can recapitulate the early stages of acne vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alona Feldman
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel.,Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences & Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel.,Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel
| | - Dzmitry Mukha
- Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences & Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel.,Department of Computer Science, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel
| | - Itzhak I Maor
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel.,Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences & Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel.,Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel
| | - Egor Sedov
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel.,Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences & Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel.,Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel
| | - Elle Koren
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel.,Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences & Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel.,Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yahav Yosefzon
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel.,Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences & Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel.,Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tomer Shlomi
- Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences & Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel.,Department of Computer Science, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yaron Fuchs
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel. .,Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences & Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel. .,Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel.
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29
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Loss of cell-matrix contact increases hypoxia-inducible factor-dependent transcriptional activity in glioma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 515:77-84. [PMID: 31128911 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.05.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In a variety of malignomas, the acquisition of a mesenchymal phenotype has been linked with anchorage-independent growth and invasiveness. To some extent, glioma cells are able to survive a loss of cell-matrix contact. We here describe that non-adherent culture of glioma cells was accompanied by an increase in hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-dependent, but not β-catenin/TCF-induced transcription. Levels of reactive oxygen species decreased in suspension and knockdown of HIF-1α enhanced cell death following detachment. By promoting the adaptation to non-adherent conditions, mechanisms driven by HIF-1α may considerably contribute to the biology and aggressiveness of glioblastoma.
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Yang L, Yang S, Li X, Li B, Li Y, Zhang X, Ma Y, Peng X, Jin H, Fan Q, Wei S, Liu J, Li H. Tumor organoids: From inception to future in cancer research. Cancer Lett 2019; 454:120-133. [PMID: 30981763 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tumor models have created new avenues for personalized medicine and drug development. A new culture model derived from a three-dimensional system, the tumor organoid, is gradually being used in many fields. An organoid can simulate the physiological structure and function of tissue in situ and maintain the characteristics of tumor cells in vivo, overcoming the disadvantages of traditional experimental tumor models. Organoids can mimic pathological features of tumors and maintain genetic stability, making them suitable for both molecular mechanism studies and pharmacological experiments of clinical transformation. In addition, the application of tumor organoids combined with other technologies, such as liquid biopsy technology, microraft array (MRA), and high-content screening (HCS), for the development of personalized diagnosis and cancer treatment has a promising future. In this review, we introduce the evolution of organoids and discuss their specific application and advantages. We also summarize the characteristics of several tumor organoids culture systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110000, PR China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110000, PR China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110000, PR China
| | - Bowen Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110000, PR China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110000, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110000, PR China
| | - Yingbo Ma
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110000, PR China
| | - Xueqiang Peng
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110000, PR China
| | - Hongyuan Jin
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110000, PR China
| | - Qing Fan
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110000, PR China
| | - Shibo Wei
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110000, PR China
| | - Jingang Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110000, PR China
| | - Hangyu Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110000, PR China.
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Chen X, Li X, Wang X, Zhu Q, Wu X, Wang X. MUC16 impacts tumor proliferation and migration through cytoplasmic translocation of P120-catenin in epithelial ovarian cancer cells: an original research. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:171. [PMID: 30795761 PMCID: PMC6387523 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5371-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) remains one of the most lethal gynecologic cancers, and its pathogenetic mechanism remains unclear. Here we show that MUC16 promotes the translocation of p120-catenin (p120ctn) to the cytoplasm and consequently activates ras homolog (Rho) GTPases RhoA/Cdc42 activation to modulate the proliferation and migration abilities of EOC cells. Methods We collect 94 ovarian cancer (OC) patients’ tissue samples to constitute tissue microarray (TMA) and analyze the MUC16 and p120ctn expression levels. Lentivirus transfection is used to overexpress cytoplasmic tail domain (CTD) of MUC16 and CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing system is firstly used to knock out MUC16 in EOC cells. The proliferation or migration ability of cells is analyzed by MTS or migration assay. Results We find that MUC16 and p120ctn are aberrantly overexpressed in 94 clinical OC samples compared with benign ovarian tumors (BOT). MUC16 is a critical inducer of the proliferation and migration of EOC cells and the CTD of MUC16 plays an important role during this process. In addition, we reveal the relationship between MUC16 and p120ctn, which has not previously been studied. We show that MUC16 promotes the translocation of p120ctn to the cytoplasm and consequently activates Rho GTPases to modulate the proliferation and migration abilities of EOC cells. The cell proliferation and migration abilities induced by MUC16 are mediated by p120ctn through RhoA/Cdc42 activation. Conclusions The highly expressed MUC16 promotes the translocation of p120ctn to the cytoplasm, where it activates RhoA/Cdc42 to modulate the proliferation and migration abilities of EOC cells. These findings may provide new targets for the treatment of EOC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-019-5371-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665, Kongjiang Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoduan Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665, Kongjiang Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinjing Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665, Kongjiang Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinyi Zhu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665, Kongjiang Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Wu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665, Kongjiang Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xipeng Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665, Kongjiang Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200000, People's Republic of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Li
- From the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia (M.L.); and the Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA (J.C.I.B.)
| | - Juan C Izpisua Belmonte
- From the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia (M.L.); and the Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA (J.C.I.B.)
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Pan Y, Zhao S, Cao Z. Organoid models of gastrointestinal Neoplasms: Origin, current status and future applications in personalized medicine. Genes Dis 2018; 5:323-330. [PMID: 30591933 PMCID: PMC6303680 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The in vitro organoid model is a major technological breakthrough that has been established as an important tool in many basic biological and clinical applications. This near-physiological 3D culture system accurately models various biological processes, including tissue renewal, stem cell/niche functions and tissue responses to drugs, mutations or damage. Organoids have the potential value of being an accurate model for disease predictions or drug screening applications and to identify the ideal treatment for that patient. Carcinogenesis can be modeled by mutating specific cancer genes in wild-type organoids; and patient-derived organoids provide an important resource in the development of personalized cancer treatment. Organoids from cancer patients could be used to identify the ideal treatment for a specific patient by growing matched healthy and diseased organoids from human cancer patients which additionally enables clinical screens for drug combinations. Organoids could also provide autologous cells or-in the future-tissue for transplantation. In this review, we discuss the current advances, challenges and potential applications of this technique in gastrointestinal neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Pan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Shuliang Zhao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Zhijun Cao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China
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Gagnoux-Palacios L, Awina H, Audebert S, Rossin A, Mondin M, Borgese F, Planas-Botey C, Mettouchi A, Borg JP, Hueber AO. Cell polarity and adherens junction formation inhibit epithelial Fas cell death receptor signaling. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:3839-3852. [PMID: 30242034 PMCID: PMC6219722 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201805071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Control of epithelial cell death is crucial to maintaining tissue integrity. Gagnoux-Palacios et al. show that cell polarity and adherens junction formation prevent proapoptotic signals emanating from the Fas death receptor. Therefore, Fas-dependent cell death contributes to the elimination of nonpolarized or nonadherent cells from human epithelia. Finely tuned regulation of epithelial cell death maintains tissue integrity and homeostasis. At the cellular level, life and death decisions are controlled by environmental stimuli such as the activation of death receptors. We show that cell polarity and adherens junction formation prevent proapoptotic signals emanating from the Fas death receptor. Fas is sequestered in E-cadherin actin-based adhesion structures that are less able to induce downstream apoptosis signaling. Using a proteomic-based approach, we find that the polarity molecule Dlg1 interacts with the C-terminal PDZ-binding site in Fas and that this interaction decreases formation of the death-inducing complex upon engagement with Fas ligand (FasL), thus acting as an additional cell death protection mechanism. We propose that E-cadherin and Dlg1 inhibit FasL-induced cell death by two complementary but partially independent mechanisms that help to maintain epithelial homeostasis by protecting normal polarized epithelia from apoptosis. When polarity is lost, the Fas–cadherin–Dlg1 antiapoptotic complex is disrupted, and FasL can promote the elimination of compromised nonpolarized cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Gagnoux-Palacios
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Inserm, Institute de Biologie Valrose, Nice, France
| | - Hala Awina
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Inserm, Institute de Biologie Valrose, Nice, France
| | - Stéphane Audebert
- Aix Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Inserm, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Marseille Proteomics, Marseille, France
| | - Aurélie Rossin
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Inserm, Institute de Biologie Valrose, Nice, France
| | - Magali Mondin
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Inserm, Institute de Biologie Valrose, Nice, France
| | - Franck Borgese
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Inserm, Institute de Biologie Valrose, Nice, France
| | - Carlota Planas-Botey
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Inserm, Institute de Biologie Valrose, Nice, France
| | - Amel Mettouchi
- Institut Pasteur, Département de Microbiologie, Unité des Toxines Bactériennes, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Paul Borg
- Aix Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Inserm, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Marseille Proteomics, Marseille, France.,Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Cell Polarity, Cell Signaling, and Cancer, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Aix Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Inserm, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Anne-Odile Hueber
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Inserm, Institute de Biologie Valrose, Nice, France
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Rosales-Gómez CA, Martínez-Carrillo BE, Reséndiz-Albor AA, Ramírez-Durán N, Valdés-Ramos R, Mondragón-Velásquez T, Escoto-Herrera JA. Chronic Consumption of Sweeteners and Its Effect on Glycaemia, Cytokines, Hormones, and Lymphocytes of GALT in CD1 Mice. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:1345282. [PMID: 29854725 PMCID: PMC5941818 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1345282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The consumption of sweeteners has increased in recent years, being used to control body weight and blood glucose. However, they can cause increased appetite, modification of immune function, and secretion of hormones in the GALT. OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of chronic sweetener consumption on glycaemia, cytokines, hormones, and GALT lymphocytes in CD1 mice. MATERIAL AND METHODS 72 CD1 mice divided into 3 groups were used: (a) baseline, (b) middle, and (c) final. Groups (b) and (c) were divided into 4 subgroups: (i) Control, (ii) Sucrose, (iii) Sucralose, and (iv) Stevia. The following were determined: body weight, hormones (GIP, insulin, and leptin), lymphocytes CD3+T cells and CD19+B cells, IgA+ plasma cells, and cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IFN-γ, and TNF-α). RESULTS Sucralose reduces secretion of GIP and glycaemia but does not modify insulin concentration, increases body weight, and reduces food intake. Stevia increases the secretion of GIP, insulin, leptin, body weight, and glycaemia but keeps food consumption normal. Sucralose and Stevia showed a higher percentage of CD3+T cells, CD19+B cells, and IgA+ plasma cells in Peyer's patches, but only Stevia in lamina propria. CONCLUSION Sweeteners modulate the hormonal response of cytokines and the proliferation of lymphocytes in the intestinal mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Angel Rosales-Gómez
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Nutrición, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Tollocan, Esquina Jesús Carranza s/n, Colonia Moderna de la Cruz, 50180 Toluca, MEX, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Elina Martínez-Carrillo
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Nutrición, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Tollocan, Esquina Jesús Carranza s/n, Colonia Moderna de la Cruz, 50180 Toluca, MEX, Mexico
| | - Aldo Arturo Reséndiz-Albor
- Laboratorio de Inmunología de Mucosas, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, 11340 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Ninfa Ramírez-Durán
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Medicina y Ambiental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Tollocan, Esquina Jesús Carranza s/n, Colonia Moderna de la Cruz, 50180 Toluca, MEX, Mexico
| | - Roxana Valdés-Ramos
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Nutrición, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Tollocan, Esquina Jesús Carranza s/n, Colonia Moderna de la Cruz, 50180 Toluca, MEX, Mexico
| | - Talia Mondragón-Velásquez
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Nutrición, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Tollocan, Esquina Jesús Carranza s/n, Colonia Moderna de la Cruz, 50180 Toluca, MEX, Mexico
| | - Jorge Alberto Escoto-Herrera
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Nutrición, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Tollocan, Esquina Jesús Carranza s/n, Colonia Moderna de la Cruz, 50180 Toluca, MEX, Mexico
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Optimized procedures for generating an enhanced, near physiological 2D culture system from porcine intestinal organoids. Stem Cell Res 2018; 28:165-171. [PMID: 29499500 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2018.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
An important practical limitation of the three-dimensional geometry of stem-cell derived intestinal organoids is that it prevents easy access to the apical epithelium for testing food components, microorganisms, bioactive and toxic compounds. To this end, we here report on a new robust method for generating confluent intestinal cell monolayers from single-cell suspensions of enzymatically-dissociated porcine organoids using modified culture conditions. With this method, cell seeding densities can be standardised, overcoming problems with methods based on mechanical dissociation of organoids. Confluent monolayers formed tight junctions with high transepithelial electrical resistance in three days and could be used in experiments for up to two weeks. Multilineage differentiation of ileal stem cells was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry and RT-qPCR of cell-specific transcripts, also unequivocally confirming the controversial existence of Paneth-like cells in the porcine small intestine. The method described here is useful to standardize primary epithelial monolayer formation from intestinal organoids and allows rapid and robust studies of intestinal physiology.
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37
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Holmberg FE, Seidelin JB, Yin X, Mead BE, Tong Z, Li Y, Karp JM, Nielsen OH. Culturing human intestinal stem cells for regenerative applications in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. EMBO Mol Med 2017; 9:558-570. [PMID: 28283650 PMCID: PMC5412884 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201607260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Both the incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasing globally; in the industrialized world up to 0.5% of the population are affected and around 4.2 million individuals suffer from IBD in Europe and North America combined. Successful engraftment in experimental colitis models suggests that intestinal stem cell transplantation could constitute a novel treatment strategy to re-establish mucosal barrier function in patients with severe disease. Intestinal stem cells can be grown in vitro in organoid structures, though only a fraction of the cells contained are stem cells with regenerative capabilities. Hence, techniques to enrich stem cell populations are being pursued through the development of multiple two-dimensional and three-dimensional culture protocols, as well as co-culture techniques and multiple growth medium compositions. Moreover, research in support matrices allowing for efficient clinical application is in progress. In vitro culture is accomplished by modulating the signaling pathways fundamental for the stem cell niche with a suitable culture matrix to provide additional contact-dependent stimuli and structural support. The aim of this review was to discuss medium compositions and support matrices for optimal intestinal stem cell culture, as well as potential modifications to advance clinical use in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Eo Holmberg
- Department of Gastroenterology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Jakob B Seidelin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Xiaolei Yin
- Division of BioEngineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Harvard - MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin E Mead
- Division of BioEngineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Harvard - MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Zhixiang Tong
- Division of BioEngineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Harvard - MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Jeffrey M Karp
- Division of BioEngineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Cambridge, MA, USA .,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Harvard - MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ole H Nielsen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
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Capra J, Eskelinen S. Correlation between E-cadherin interactions, survivin expression, and apoptosis in MDCK and ts-Src MDCK cell culture models. J Transl Med 2017; 97:1453-1470. [PMID: 28892098 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2017.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Survivin, a member of inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) protein family, is a multifunctional protein expressed in most cancers. In addition to inhibition of apoptosis, it regulates proliferation and promotes migration. Its presence and function in cells is strongly regulated via transcription factors, intracellular localization, and degradation. We analyzed the presence of survivin at protein level in various culture environments and under activation of Src tyrosine kinase in epithelial canine kidney MDCK cells in order to elucidate factors controlling survivin 'lifespan'. We used untransformed and temperature sensitive ts-Src MDCK cells as a model and forced them to grow in suspension (1D), in 2D on hard and soft surfaces and in soft 3D Matrigel environment with or without EGTA. In addition, we tested the effect of stressful conditions by cultivating the cells in the presence of an anti-cancer drug and a generator of reactive oxygen species (ROS), piperlongumine (PL) with or without an antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine (NAC). We could confirm that inhibition of apoptosis and simultaneous downregulation of survivin in MDCK cells required both intact cell-cell junctions, trans-interactions of E-cadherin and soft 3D matrix environment. In ts-Src-transformed MDCK cells, survivin was upregulated as soon as the cell-cell junctions were disintegrated. ROS generation with PL-induced cell death of ts-Src MDCK cells concomitantly with survivin downregulation. NAC rescued the ts-Src MDCK cells from ROS-induced apoptosis without upregulation of survivin resulting in a situation resembling untransformed MDCK cells in 3D environment and E-cadherin delineating the lateral cell walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janne Capra
- Biocenter Oulu and the Institute of Diagnostics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sinikka Eskelinen
- Biocenter Oulu and the Institute of Diagnostics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Kretzschmar K, Clevers H. Organoids: Modeling Development and the Stem Cell Niche in a Dish. Dev Cell 2017; 38:590-600. [PMID: 27676432 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2016.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Organoids are three-dimensional in-vitro-grown cell clusters with near-native microanatomy that arise from self-organizing mammalian pluripotent or adult stem cells. Although monolayer stem cell cultures were established more than 40 years ago, organoid technology has recently emerged as an essential tool for both fundamental and biomedical research. For developmental biologists, organoids provide powerful means for ex vivo modeling of tissue morphogenesis and organogenesis. Here we discuss how organoid cultures of the intestine and other tissues have been established and how they are utilized as an in vitro model system for stem cell research and developmental biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Kretzschmar
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Centre (UMC) Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Centre (UMC) Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; Princess Máxima Centre, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; Cancer Genomics Netherlands, UMC Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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40
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Di Claudio F, Muglia CI, Smaldini PL, Orsini Delgado ML, Trejo FM, Grigera JR, Docena GH. Use of a Collagen Membrane to Enhance the Survival of Primary Intestinal Epithelial Cells. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:2489-2496. [PMID: 27626762 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cell culture is important for biological, functional, and immunological studies. Since enterocytes have a short in vivo life span due to anoikis, we aimed to establish a novel and reproducible method to prolong the survival of mouse and human cells. Cells were isolated following a standard procedure, and cultured on ordered-cow's collagen membranes. A prolonged cell life span was achieved; cells covered the complete surface of bio-membranes and showed a classical enterocyte morphology with high expression of enzymes supporting the possibility of cryopreservation. Apoptosis was dramatically reduced and cultured enterocytes expressed cytokeratin and LGR5 (low frequency). Cells exposed to LPS or flagellin showed the induction of TLR4 and TLR5 expression and a functional phenotype upon exposure to the probiotic Bifidobacterium bifidum or the pathogenic Clostridium difficile. The secretion of the homeostatic (IL-25 and TSLP), inhibitory (IL-10 and TGF-β), or pro-inflammatory mediators (IL-1β and TNF) were induced. In conclusion, this novel protocol using cow's collagen-ordered membrane provides a simple and reproducible method to maintain intestinal epithelial cells functional for cell-microorganism interaction studies and stem cell expansion. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 2489-2496, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiorella Di Claudio
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), CONICET y Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Cecilia I Muglia
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), CONICET y Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Paola L Smaldini
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), CONICET y Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - María Lucía Orsini Delgado
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), CONICET y Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Fernando M Trejo
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología de Alimentos (CIDCA), CONICET y Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - J Raúl Grigera
- Centro de Química Inorgánica (CEQUINOR), CONICET y Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Guillermo H Docena
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), CONICET y Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
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Wang J, Li C, Jiang Y, Zheng H, Li D, Liang Y, Deng W, Zhang D. Effect of ceramide-1-phosphate transfer protein on intestinal bacterial translocation in severe acute pancreatitis. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2017; 41:86-92. [PMID: 27637474 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of ceramide-1-phosphate transfer protein (CPTP) on the intestinal epithelial tight junction proteins in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). METHODS Fifty patients with SAP were classified into two groups according to the presence of bacterial translocation (BT) in the blood. Thirty healthy individuals were included in the control group. The presence of BT was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction. The expression of tight junction proteins and CPTP was determined using immunohistochemistry and western blotting. RESULTS Bacterial DNA was detected in the peripheral blood of 62.0% of the patients with SAP. The expression of CPTP and tight junction proteins in SAP patients was lower than that in healthy controls. Among the patients with SAP, those positive for BT(+) showed a lower level of CPTP and occluding (OC) and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) expression and a higher level of IVA cPLA2 expression than BT(-) patients. Moreover, the expression of CPTP was significantly associated with ZO-1 and showed a negative correlation with expression of IVA cPLA2 in SAP-BT(+) patients. CONCLUSIONS CPTP affects the expression of tight junction proteins and may protects the intestinal epithelial barrier by downregulating the expression of IVA cPLA2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Wang
- Qingdao University, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Center of Colon and Rectum, n(o) 1 Jiaozhou Road, Qingdao 266011, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chang Li
- Qingdao University, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Center of Colon and Rectum, n(o) 1 Jiaozhou Road, Qingdao 266011, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yingjian Jiang
- Qingdao University, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Center of Colon and Rectum, n(o) 1 Jiaozhou Road, Qingdao 266011, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hongmei Zheng
- Qingdao University, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Center of Colon and Rectum, n(o) 1 Jiaozhou Road, Qingdao 266011, Shandong Province, China
| | - Dehui Li
- Qingdao University, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Center of Colon and Rectum, n(o) 1 Jiaozhou Road, Qingdao 266011, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yibo Liang
- Qingdao University, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Center of Colon and Rectum, n(o) 1 Jiaozhou Road, Qingdao 266011, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wensheng Deng
- Pingxiang People's Hospital, Center of Anorectal Branch, Pingxiang 337000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Dianliang Zhang
- Qingdao University, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Center of Colon and Rectum, n(o) 1 Jiaozhou Road, Qingdao 266011, Shandong Province, China.
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Veß A, Blache U, Leitner L, Kurz AR, Ehrenpfordt A, Sixt M, Posern G. Dual phenotype of MDA-MB-468 cancer cells reveals mutual regulation of tensin3 and adhesion plasticity. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:2172-2184. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.200899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasticity between adhesive and less-adhesive states is important for mammalian cell behaviour. To investigate adhesion plasticity, we have selected a stable isogenic subpopulation of MDA-MB-468 breast carcinoma cells which grows in suspension. These suspension cells are unable to re-adhere to various matrices or to contract three-dimensional collagen lattices. By transcriptome analysis, we identified the focal adhesion protein tensin3 (Tns3) as a determinant of adhesion plasticity. Tns3 is strongly reduced on mRNA and protein level in suspension cells. Furthermore, challenging breast cancer cells transiently with non-adherent conditions markedly reduces Tns3 expression, which is regained upon re-adhesion. Stable knockdown of Tns3 in parental cells results in defective adhesion, spreading and migration. Tns3 knockdown cells display impaired structure and dynamics of focal adhesion complexes as determined by immunostaining. Restoration of Tns3 expression in suspension cells partially rescues adhesion and focal contact composition. Our work identifies Tns3 as a critical focal adhesion component regulated by, and functionally contributing to, the switch between adhesive and non-adhesive states in MDA-MB-468 cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Veß
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06114 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ulrich Blache
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06114 Halle (Saale), Germany
- current address: Laboratory for Cell and Tissue Engineering, University Hospital Zürich, CH-8091 Zürich, Switzerland
- current address: Laboratory for Orthopedic Biomechanics, ETH Zürich, CH-8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Laura Leitner
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06114 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, D-82152 Martinsried near Munich, Germany
| | - Angela R.M. Kurz
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06114 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, D-82152 Martinsried near Munich, Germany
- current address: Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, D-81377 München, Germany
| | - Anja Ehrenpfordt
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06114 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Michael Sixt
- Institute of Science and Technology, A-3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Guido Posern
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06114 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, D-82152 Martinsried near Munich, Germany
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Chacón-Martínez CA, Klose M, Niemann C, Glauche I, Wickström SA. Hair follicle stem cell cultures reveal self-organizing plasticity of stem cells and their progeny. EMBO J 2016; 36:151-164. [PMID: 27940653 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201694902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how complex tissues are formed, maintained, and regenerated through local growth, differentiation, and remodeling requires knowledge on how single-cell behaviors are coordinated on the population level. The self-renewing hair follicle, maintained by a distinct stem cell population, represents an excellent paradigm to address this question. A major obstacle in mechanistic understanding of hair follicle stem cell (HFSC) regulation has been the lack of a culture system that recapitulates HFSC behavior while allowing their precise monitoring and manipulation. Here, we establish an in vitro culture system based on a 3D extracellular matrix environment and defined soluble factors, which for the first time allows expansion and long-term maintenance of murine multipotent HFSCs in the absence of heterologous cell types. Strikingly, this scheme promotes de novo generation of HFSCs from non-HFSCs and vice versa in a dynamic self-organizing process. This bidirectional interconversion of HFSCs and their progeny drives the system into a population equilibrium state. Our study uncovers regulatory dynamics by which phenotypic plasticity of cells drives population-level homeostasis within a niche, and provides a discovery tool for studies on adult stem cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Markus Klose
- Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Catherin Niemann
- Institute for Biochemistry II, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ingmar Glauche
- Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sara A Wickström
- Paul Gerson Unna Group "Skin Homeostasis and Ageing", Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany .,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Liang JH, Zhang W, Guo Q, Tang H. Application of improved tissue piece enzyme digestion method in primary culture of human colorectal cancer cells in vitro. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2016; 24:4562-4567. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v24.i34.4562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate methods of primary culture of human colorectal cancer cells in vitro by application of improved tissue piece enzyme digestion method.
METHODS Human colorectal cancer cells were cultured by improved tissue piece enzyme digestion method, which combines the tissue explant method with Ⅳ collagenase digestion method. Colorectal cancer cells were obtained by optimizing culture conditions, promoting adherence, controlling pollution, and purifying the cells. Wright Giemsa staining and immunocytochemistry were used to identify the cells.
RESULTS Wright Giemsa staining of the cells showed karyomegaly and purple red-stained colorectal cancer cells. Immunocytochemistry staining showed that the cells were carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) positive and the cytoplasm was brown.
CONCLUSION We have improved the tissue piece enzyme digestion method, which allows to obtain free cells quickly and make full use of the tissue pieces which have not been digested completely. The improved tissue piece enzyme digestion method has a high success rate, and cultured cells have been identified as colorectal cancer cells.
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Seidelin JB. Regulation of antiapoptotic and cytoprotective pathways in colonic epithelial cells in ulcerative colitis. Scand J Gastroenterol 2016; 50 Suppl 1:1-29. [PMID: 26513451 DOI: 10.3109/00365521.2016.1101245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis is an inflammatory bowel disease involving the colon resulting in bloody diarrhea and increased risk of colorectal cancer in certain patient subgroups. Increased apoptosis in the epithelial cell layer causes increased permeability, especially during flares; this leads to translocation of luminal pathogens resulting in a continued inflammatory drive. The present work investigates how epithelial apoptosis is regulated in ulcerative colitis. The main results are that Fas mediated apoptosis is inhibited during flares of ulcerative colitis, probably by an upregulation of cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein 2 (cIAP2) and cellular FLICE-like inhibitory protein. cIAP2 is upregulated in regenerative epithelial cells both in ulcerative colitis and in experimental intestinal wounds. Inhibition of cIAP2 decreases wound healing in vitro possibly through inhibition of migration. Altogether, it is shown that epithelial cells in ulcerative colitis responds to the hostile microenvironment by activation of cytoprotective pathways that tend to counteract the cytotoxic effects of inflammation. However, the present studies also show that epithelial cells produce increased amounts of reactive oxygen species during stimulation with tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ resulting in DNA instability. The combined effect of increased DNA-instability and decreased apoptosis responses could lead to neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob B Seidelin
- a Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Section , Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen , Herlev , Denmark
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46
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Merker SR, Weitz J, Stange DE. Gastrointestinal organoids: How they gut it out. Dev Biol 2016; 420:239-250. [PMID: 27521455 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is characterized by a self-renewing epithelium fueled by adult stem cells residing at the bottom of the intestinal crypt and gastric glands. Their activity and proliferation is strongly dependent on complex signaling pathways involving other crypt/gland cells as well as surrounding stromal cells. In recent years organoids are becoming increasingly popular as a new and powerful tool to study developmental or other biological processes. Organoids retain morphological and molecular patterns of the tissue they are derived from, are self-organizing, relatively simple to handle and accessible to genetic engineering. This review focuses on the developmental processes and signaling molecules involved in epithelial homeostasis and how a profound knowledge of these mechanisms allowed the establishment of a three dimensional organoid culture derived from adult gastrointestinal stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian R Merker
- Department of Gastrointestinal, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jürgen Weitz
- Department of Gastrointestinal, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Daniel E Stange
- Department of Gastrointestinal, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
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Long-term renewable human intestinal epithelial stem cells as monolayers: A potential for clinical use. J Pediatr Surg 2016; 51:995-1000. [PMID: 26995514 PMCID: PMC4921284 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2016.02.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Current culture schema for human intestinal stem cells (hISCs) frequently rely on a 3D culture system using Matrigel™, a laminin-rich matrix derived from murine sarcoma that is not suitable for clinical use. We have developed a novel 2D culture system for the in vitro expansion of hISCs as an intestinal epithelial monolayer without the use of Matrigel. METHODS Cadaveric duodenal samples were processed to isolate intestinal crypts from the mucosa. Crypts were cultured on a thin coat of type I collagen or laminin. Intestinal epithelial monolayers were supported with growth factors to promote self-renewal or differentiation of the hISCs. Proliferating monolayers were sub-cultured every 4-5days. RESULTS Intestinal epithelial monolayers were capable of long-term cell renewal. Less differentiated monolayers expressed high levels of gene marker LGR5, while more differentiated monolayers had higher expressions of CDX2, MUC2, LYZ, DEF5, and CHGA. Furthermore, monolayers were capable of passaging into a 3D culture system to generate spheroids and enteroids. CONCLUSION This 2D system is an important step to expand hISCs for further experimental studies and for clinical cell transplantation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 1 Experimental.
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Huang J, Zhang L, He C, Qu Y, Li J, Zhang J, Du T, Chen X, Yu Y, Liu B, Zhu Z. Claudin-1 enhances tumor proliferation and metastasis by regulating cell anoikis in gastric cancer. Oncotarget 2015; 6:1652-65. [PMID: 25544763 PMCID: PMC4359322 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Claudin-1 (CLDN1) is overexpressed in gastric cancer and correlated with tumor invasion, metastasis and poor outcome. Here, we both down and up regulated CLDN1 expression in gastric cancer cells to elucidate its role in gastric carcinogenesis and tumor progression. We found that deficiency of CLDN1 inhibited cells migration, invasion, and colony formation in vitro and tumorigenicity, metastasis in vivo. Also, CLDN1 promoted cell aggregation and increased anoikis resistance. Down or up regulation of CLDN1 was accompanied with changes of membrane β-catenin expression as well as Akt and Src activities. When β-catenin was up-regulated in CLDN1-KD cells, cell aggregation and anoikis resistance were restored, and Akt and Src signal pathways were re-activated. Taken together, these findings suggest that CLDN1 is oncogenic in gastric cancer and its malignant potential may be attributed in part to regulation of anoikis, by mediating membrane β-catenin-regulated cell-cell adhesion and cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Changyu He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Qu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianfang Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianian Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Du
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuehua Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingyan Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingya Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenggang Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Chen IH, Shih HC, Hsieh PW, Chang FR, Wu YC, Wu CC. HPW-RX40 restores anoikis sensitivity of human breast cancer cells by inhibiting integrin/FAK signaling. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 289:330-40. [PMID: 26386190 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Anoikis is defined as apoptosis, which is induced by inappropriate cell-matrix interactions. Cancer cells with anoikis resistance tend to undergo metastasis, and this phenomenon has been reported to be associated with integrin and FAK activity. HPW-RX40 is a derivative of 3,4-methylenedioxy-β-nitrostyrene, which is known to prevent platelet aggregation by inhibition of integrin. In the present study, we investigated the effect of HPW-RX40 on an anoikis-resistant human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. HPW-RX40 inhibited cell aggregation and induced cell death in suspending MDA-MB-231 cells, but had only little effect on the monolayer growth of adherent cells. Analysis of caspase activation and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage confirmed anoikis in HPW-RX40-treated suspending cancer cells. HPW-RX40 also affected the Bcl-2 family proteins in detached cancer cells. Furthermore, HPW-RX40 inhibited detachment-induced activation of FAK and the downstream phosphorylation of Src and paxillin, but did not affect this pathway in adherent cancer cells. We also found that the expression and activation of β1 integrin in MDA-MB-231 cells were reduced by HPW-RX40. The combination of HPW-RX40 with an EGFR inhibitor led to enhanced anoikis and inhibition of the FAK pathway in breast cancer cells. Taken together, our results suggest that HPW-RX40 restores the anoikis sensitivity in the metastatic breast cancer cells by inhibiting integrin and subsequent FAK activation, and reveal a potential strategy for prevention of tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Hua Chen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chu Shih
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wen Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Rong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Chang Wu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Chin-Chung Wu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Research Center for Natural Products and Drug Development, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Deng WS, Zhang J, Ju H, Zheng HM, Wang J, Wang S, Zhang DL. Arpin contributes to bacterial translocation and development of severe acute pancreatitis. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:4293-4301. [PMID: 25892881 PMCID: PMC4394092 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i14.4293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To assess the impact of Arpin protein and tight junction (TJ) proteins in the intestinal mucosa on bacterial translocation in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).
METHODS: Fifty SAP patients were identified as study objects and then classified into two groups according to the presence of bacterial translocation (BT) in the blood [i.e., BT(+) and BT(-)]. Twenty healthy individuals were included in the control group. BT was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction, colonic mucosal tissue was obtained by endoscopy and the expression of TJ proteins and Arpin protein was determined using immunofluorescence and western blotting.
RESULTS: Bacterial DNA was detected in the peripheral blood of 62.0% of patients (31/50) with SAP. The expression of TJ proteins in SAP patients was lower than that in healthy controls. In contrast, Arpin protein expression in SAP patients was higher than in healthy controls (0.38 ± 0.19 vs 0.28 ± 0.16, P < 0.05). Among SAP patients, those positive for BT showed a higher level of claudin-2 expression (0.64 ± 0.27 vs 0.32 ± 0.21, P < 0.05) and a lower level of occludin (OC) (0.61 ± 0.28 vs 0.73 ± 0.32, P < 0.05) and zonula occludens-1 (0.42 ± 0.26 vs 0.58 ± 0.17, P = 0.038) expression in comparison with BT (-) patients. Moreover, the level of Arpin expression in BT (+) patients was higher than in BT (-) patients (0.61 ± 0.28 vs 0.31 ± 0.24, P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Arpin protein affects the expression of tight junction proteins and may have an impact on BT. These results contribute to a better understanding of the factors involved in bacterial translocation during acute pancreatitis.
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