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Blache U, Tretbar S, Koehl U, Mougiakakos D, Fricke S. CAR T cells for treating autoimmune diseases. RMD Open 2023; 9:e002907. [PMID: 37996128 PMCID: PMC10668249 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2022-002907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune disorders occur when immune cells go wrong and attack the body's own tissues. Currently, autoimmune disorders are largely treated by broad immunosuppressive agents and blocking antibodies, which can manage the diseases but often are not curative. Thus, there is an urgent need for advanced therapies for patients suffering from severe and refractory autoimmune diseases, and researchers have considered cell therapy as potentially curative approach for several decades. In the wake of its success in cancer therapy, adoptive transfer of engineered T cells modified with chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) for target recognition could now become a therapeutic option for some autoimmune diseases. Here, we review the ongoing developments with CAR T cells in the field of autoimmune disorders. We will cover first clinical results of applying anti-CD19 and anti-B cell maturation antigen CAR T cells for B cell elimination in systemic lupus erythematosus, refractory antisynthetase syndrome and myasthenia gravis, respectively. Furthermore, in preclinical models, researchers have also developed chimeric autoantibody receptor T cells that can eliminate individual B cell clones producing specific autoantibodies, and regulatory CAR T cells that do not eliminate autoreactive immune cells but dampen their wrong activation. Finally, we will address safety and manufacturing aspects for CAR T cells and discuss mRNA technologies and automation concepts for ensuring the future availability of safe and efficient CAR T cell products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Blache
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI, Leipzig, Germany
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune-Mediated Disease, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sandy Tretbar
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI, Leipzig, Germany
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune-Mediated Disease, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrike Koehl
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI, Leipzig, Germany
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune-Mediated Disease, Leipzig, Germany
- University of Leipzig Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Stephan Fricke
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI, Leipzig, Germany
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune-Mediated Disease, Leipzig, Germany
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2
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Blache U, Ford EM, Ha B, Rijns L, Chaudhuri O, Dankers PY, Kloxin AM, Snedeker JG, Gentleman E. Engineered hydrogels for mechanobiology. Nat Rev Methods Primers 2022; 2:98. [PMID: 37461429 PMCID: PMC7614763 DOI: 10.1038/s43586-022-00179-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Cells' local mechanical environment can be as important in guiding cellular responses as many well-characterized biochemical cues. Hydrogels that mimic the native extracellular matrix can provide these mechanical cues to encapsulated cells, allowing for the study of their impact on cellular behaviours. Moreover, by harnessing cellular responses to mechanical cues, hydrogels can be used to create tissues in vitro for regenerative medicine applications and for disease modelling. This Primer outlines the importance and challenges of creating hydrogels that mimic the mechanical and biological properties of the native extracellular matrix. The design of hydrogels for mechanobiology studies is discussed, including appropriate choice of cross-linking chemistry and strategies to tailor hydrogel mechanical cues. Techniques for characterizing hydrogels are explained, highlighting methods used to analyze cell behaviour. Example applications for studying fundamental mechanobiological processes and regenerative therapies are provided, along with a discussion of the limitations of hydrogels as mimetics of the native extracellular matrix. The article ends with an outlook for the field, focusing on emerging technologies that will enable new insights into mechanobiology and its role in tissue homeostasis and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Blache
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology and Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune-Mediated Disease, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Eden M. Ford
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, DE, USA
| | - Byunghang Ha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, CA, USA
| | - Laura Rijns
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ovijit Chaudhuri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, CA, USA
| | - Patricia Y.W. Dankers
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - April M. Kloxin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, DE, USA
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, DE, USA
| | - Jess G. Snedeker
- University Hospital Balgrist and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eileen Gentleman
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
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3
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Heggli I, Blache U, Herger N, Mengis T, Jaeger PK, Schuepbach R, Farshad-Amacker N, Brunner F, Snedeker JG, Farshad M, Distler O, Dudli S. FGF2 overrides key pro-fibrotic features of bone marrow stromal cells isolated from Modic type 1 change patients. Eur Cell Mater 2022; 44:101-114. [PMID: 36254571 DOI: 10.22203/ecm.v044a07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Extensive extracellular matrix production and increased cell-matrix adhesion by bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) are hallmarks of fibrotic alterations in the vertebral bone marrow known as Modic type 1 changes (MC1). MC1 are associated with non-specific chronic low-back pain. To identify treatment targets for MC1, in vitro studies using patient BMSCs are important to reveal pathological mechanisms. For the culture of BMSCs, fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) is widely used. However, FGF2 has been shown to suppress matrix synthesis in various stromal cell populations. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether FGF2 affected the in vitro study of the fibrotic pathomechanisms of MC1-derived BMSCs. Transcriptomic changes and changes in cell-matrix adhesion of MC1-derived BMSCs were compared to intra-patient control BMSCs in response to FGF2. RNA sequencing and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed that pro-fibrotic genes and pathways were not detectable in MC1-derived BMSCs when cultured in the presence of FGF2. In addition, significantly increased cell-matrix adhesion of MC1-derived BMSCs was abolished in the presence of FGF2. In conclusion, the data demonstrated that FGF2 overrides key pro-fibrotic features of MC1 BMSCs in vitro. Usage of FGF2-supplemented media in studies of fibrotic mechanisms should be critically evaluated as it could override normally dominant biological and biophysical cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Heggli
- Balgrist Campus AG, Lengghalde 5, 8008 Zurich,
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4
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Blache U, Popp G, Dünkel A, Koehl U, Fricke S. Potential solutions for manufacture of CAR T cells in cancer immunotherapy. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5225. [PMID: 36064867 PMCID: PMC9445013 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32866-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Blache
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany. .,Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune-Mediated Disease, Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Georg Popp
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anna Dünkel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrike Koehl
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany.,Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune-Mediated Disease, Frankfurt, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Immunology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stephan Fricke
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany.,Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune-Mediated Disease, Frankfurt, Germany
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5
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Stauber T, Wolleb M, Duss A, Jaeger PK, Heggli I, Hussien AA, Blache U, Snedeker JG. Extrinsic Macrophages Protect While Tendon Progenitors Degrade: Insights from a Tissue Engineered Model of Tendon Compartmental Crosstalk. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100741. [PMID: 34494401 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tendons are among the most mechanically stressed tissues of the body, with a functional core of type-I collagen fibers maintained by embedded stromal fibroblasts known as tenocytes. The intrinsic load-bearing core compartment of tendon is surrounded, nourished, and repaired by the extrinsic peritendon, a synovial-like tissue compartment with access to tendon stem/progenitor cells as well as blood monocytes. In vitro tendon model systems generally lack this important feature of tissue compartmentalization, while in vivo models are cumbersome when isolating multicellular mechanisms. To bridge this gap, an improved in vitro model of explanted tendon core stromal tissue (mouse tail tendon fascicles) surrounded by cell-laden collagen hydrogels that mimic extrinsic tissue compartments is suggested. Using this model, CD146+ tendon stem/progenitor cell and CD45+ F4/80+ bone-marrow derived macrophage activity within a tendon injury-like niche are recapitulated. It is found that extrinsic stromal progenitors recruit to the damaged core, contribute to an overall increase in catabolic ECM gene expression, and accelerate the decrease in mechanical properties. Conversely, it is found that extrinsic bone-marrow derived macrophages in these conditions adopt a proresolution phenotype that mitigates rapid tissue breakdown by outwardly migrated tenocytes and F4/80+ "tenophages" from the intrinsic tissue core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tino Stauber
- Department of Orthopedics Balgrist University Hospital University of Zurich Lengghalde 5 Zurich 8008 Switzerland
- Institute for Biomechanics ETH Zurich Zurich 8093 Switzerland
| | - Maja Wolleb
- Department of Orthopedics Balgrist University Hospital University of Zurich Lengghalde 5 Zurich 8008 Switzerland
- Institute for Biomechanics ETH Zurich Zurich 8093 Switzerland
| | - Anja Duss
- Department of Orthopedics Balgrist University Hospital University of Zurich Lengghalde 5 Zurich 8008 Switzerland
- Institute for Biomechanics ETH Zurich Zurich 8093 Switzerland
| | - Patrick K. Jaeger
- Department of Orthopedics Balgrist University Hospital University of Zurich Lengghalde 5 Zurich 8008 Switzerland
- Institute for Biomechanics ETH Zurich Zurich 8093 Switzerland
| | - Irina Heggli
- Center of Experimental Rheumatology Department of Rheumatology University Hospital, University of Zurich Lengghalde 5 Zurich 8008 Switzerland
| | - Amro A. Hussien
- Department of Orthopedics Balgrist University Hospital University of Zurich Lengghalde 5 Zurich 8008 Switzerland
- Institute for Biomechanics ETH Zurich Zurich 8093 Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Blache
- Department of Orthopedics Balgrist University Hospital University of Zurich Lengghalde 5 Zurich 8008 Switzerland
- Institute for Biomechanics ETH Zurich Zurich 8093 Switzerland
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Jess G. Snedeker
- Department of Orthopedics Balgrist University Hospital University of Zurich Lengghalde 5 Zurich 8008 Switzerland
- Institute for Biomechanics ETH Zurich Zurich 8093 Switzerland
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6
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Haeusner S, Herbst L, Bittorf P, Schwarz T, Henze C, Mauermann M, Ochs J, Schmitt R, Blache U, Wixmerten A, Miot S, Martin I, Pullig O. From Single Batch to Mass Production-Automated Platform Design Concept for a Phase II Clinical Trial Tissue Engineered Cartilage Product. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:712917. [PMID: 34485343 PMCID: PMC8414576 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.712917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products (ATMP) provide promising treatment options particularly for unmet clinical needs, such as progressive and chronic diseases where currently no satisfying treatment exists. Especially from the ATMP subclass of Tissue Engineered Products (TEPs), only a few have yet been translated from an academic setting to clinic and beyond. A reason for low numbers of TEPs in current clinical trials and one main key hurdle for TEPs is the cost and labor-intensive manufacturing process. Manual production steps require experienced personnel, are challenging to standardize and to scale up. Automated manufacturing has the potential to overcome these challenges, toward an increasing cost-effectiveness. One major obstacle for automation is the control and risk prevention of cross contaminations, especially when handling parallel production lines of different patient material. These critical steps necessitate validated effective and efficient cleaning procedures in an automated system. In this perspective, possible technologies, concepts and solutions to existing ATMP manufacturing hurdles are discussed on the example of a late clinical phase II trial TEP. In compliance to Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) guidelines, we propose a dual arm robot based isolator approach. Our novel concept enables complete process automation for adherent cell culture, and the translation of all manual process steps with standard laboratory equipment. Moreover, we discuss novel solutions for automated cleaning, without the need for human intervention. Consequently, our automation concept offers the unique chance to scale up production while becoming more cost-effective, which will ultimately increase TEP availability to a broader number of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Haeusner
- Translational Center Regenerative Therapies TLC-RT, Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research, Wuerzburg, Germany.,Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Laura Herbst
- Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology IPT, Aachen, Germany
| | - Patrick Bittorf
- Translational Center Regenerative Therapies TLC-RT, Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Schwarz
- Translational Center Regenerative Therapies TLC-RT, Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Chris Henze
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marc Mauermann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jelena Ochs
- Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology IPT, Aachen, Germany
| | - Robert Schmitt
- Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology IPT, Aachen, Germany.,Laboratory for Machine Tools and Production Engineering (WZL), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Blache
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anke Wixmerten
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sylvie Miot
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Martin
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Pullig
- Translational Center Regenerative Therapies TLC-RT, Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research, Wuerzburg, Germany.,Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
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7
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Blache U, Weiss R, Boldt A, Kapinsky M, Blaudszun AR, Quaiser A, Pohl A, Miloud T, Burgaud M, Vucinic V, Platzbecker U, Sack U, Fricke S, Koehl U. Advanced Flow Cytometry Assays for Immune Monitoring of CAR-T Cell Applications. Front Immunol 2021; 12:658314. [PMID: 34012442 PMCID: PMC8127837 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.658314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive immunotherapy using chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells has achieved successful remissions in refractory B-cell leukemia and B-cell lymphomas. In order to estimate both success and severe side effects of CAR-T cell therapies, longitudinal monitoring of the patient's immune system including CAR-T cells is desirable to accompany clinical staging. To conduct research on the fate and immunological impact of infused CAR-T cells, we established standardized 13-colour/15-parameter flow cytometry assays that are suitable to characterize immune cell subpopulations in the peripheral blood during CAR-T cell treatment. The respective staining technology is based on pre-formulated dry antibody panels in a uniform format. Additionally, further antibodies of choice can be added to address specific clinical or research questions. We designed panels for the anti-CD19 CAR-T therapy and, as a proof of concept, we assessed a healthy individual and three B-cell lymphoma patients treated with anti-CD19 CAR-T cells. We analyzed the presence of anti-CD19 CAR-T cells as well as residual CD19+ B cells, the activation status of the T-cell compartment, the expression of co-stimulatory signaling molecules and cytotoxic agents such as perforin and granzyme B. In summary, this work introduces standardized and modular flow cytometry assays for CAR-T cell clinical research, which could also be adapted in the future as quality controls during the CAR-T cell manufacturing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Blache
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ronald Weiss
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Boldt
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Kapinsky
- Beckman Coulter Life Sciences GmbH, Flow Cytometry Business Unit, Krefeld, Germany
| | | | - Andrea Quaiser
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Annabelle Pohl
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tewfik Miloud
- Beckman Coulter Life Sciences, Flow Cytometry R&D, Marseille, France
| | - Mégane Burgaud
- Beckman Coulter Life Sciences, Flow Cytometry R&D, Marseille, France
| | - Vladan Vucinic
- Medical Faculty, Department of Hematology and Cell Therapy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Uwe Platzbecker
- Medical Faculty, Department of Hematology and Cell Therapy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrich Sack
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stephan Fricke
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrike Koehl
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute for Cellular Therapeutics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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8
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Blache U, Wunderli SL, Hussien AA, Stauber T, Flückiger G, Bollhalder M, Niederöst B, Fucentese SF, Snedeker JG. Inhibition of ERK 1/2 kinases prevents tendon matrix breakdown. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6838. [PMID: 33767224 PMCID: PMC7994809 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85331-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tendon extracellular matrix (ECM) mechanical unloading results in tissue degradation and breakdown, with niche-dependent cellular stress directing proteolytic degradation of tendon. Here, we show that the extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK) pathway is central in tendon degradation of load-deprived tissue explants. We show that ERK 1/2 are highly phosphorylated in mechanically unloaded tendon fascicles in a vascular niche-dependent manner. Pharmacological inhibition of ERK 1/2 abolishes the induction of ECM catabolic gene expression (MMPs) and fully prevents loss of mechanical properties. Moreover, ERK 1/2 inhibition in unloaded tendon fascicles suppresses features of pathological tissue remodeling such as collagen type 3 matrix switch and the induction of the pro-fibrotic cytokine interleukin 11. This work demonstrates ERK signaling as a central checkpoint to trigger tendon matrix degradation and remodeling using load-deprived tissue explants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Blache
- Department of Orthopedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefania L Wunderli
- Department of Orthopedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Amro A Hussien
- Department of Orthopedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tino Stauber
- Department of Orthopedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gabriel Flückiger
- Department of Orthopedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maja Bollhalder
- Department of Orthopedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Niederöst
- Department of Orthopedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sandro F Fucentese
- Department of Orthopedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jess G Snedeker
- Department of Orthopedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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9
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Horton ER, Vallmajo‐Martin Q, Martin I, Snedeker JG, Ehrbar M, Blache U. Extracellular Matrix Production by Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Hydrogels Facilitates Cell Spreading and Is Inhibited by FGF-2. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e1901669. [PMID: 32129003 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201901669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In native tissues, the interaction between cells and the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM) is reciprocal, as cells not only receive signals from the ECM but also actively remodel it through secretion of cell-derived ECM. However, very little is known about the reciprocal interaction between cells and their secreted ECM within synthetic biomaterials that mimic the ECM for use in engineering of tissues for regenerative medicine or as tissue models. Here, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels with fully defined biomaterial properties are used to investigate the emerging role of cell-derived ECM on culture outcomes. It is shown that human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) secrete ECM proteins into the pericellular space early after encapsulation and that, even in the absence of material-presented cell adhesion motifs, cell-derived fibronectin enables cell spreading. Then, it is investigated how different culture conditions influence MSC ECM expression in hydrogels. Most strikingly, it is found by RNA sequencing that the fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) changes ECM gene expression and, in particular, decreases the expression of structural ECM components including fibrillar collagens. In summary, this work shows that cell-derived ECM is a guiding cue in 3D hydrogels and that FGF-2 is a potentially important ECM regulator within bioengineered cell and tissue systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward R. Horton
- Biotech Research and Innovation CentreUniversity of Copenhagen Copenhagen 2200 Denmark
| | - Queralt Vallmajo‐Martin
- Department of ObstetricsUniversity and University Hospital of Zürich Zürich 8091 Switzerland
- Institute of BioengineeringEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Lausanne 1015 Switzerland
| | - Ivan Martin
- Department of BiomedicineUniversity Hospital BaselUniversity of Basel Basel 4031 Switzerland
| | - Jess G. Snedeker
- Institute for BiomechanicsETH Zürich Zürich 8092 Switzerland
- Balgrist University HospitalUniversity of Zürich Zürich 8008 Switzerland
| | - Martin Ehrbar
- Department of ObstetricsUniversity and University Hospital of Zürich Zürich 8091 Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Blache
- Department of ObstetricsUniversity and University Hospital of Zürich Zürich 8091 Switzerland
- Institute for BiomechanicsETH Zürich Zürich 8092 Switzerland
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10
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Lienemann PS, Vallmajo‐Martin Q, Papageorgiou P, Blache U, Metzger S, Kiveliö A, Milleret V, Sala A, Hoehnel S, Roch A, Reuten R, Koch M, Naveiras O, Weber FE, Weber W, Lutolf MP, Ehrbar M. Smart Hydrogels for the Augmentation of Bone Regeneration by Endogenous Mesenchymal Progenitor Cell Recruitment. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2020; 7:1903395. [PMID: 32274319 PMCID: PMC7141038 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201903395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of bone defects with recombinant bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) requires high doses precluding broad clinical application. Here, a bioengineering approach is presented that strongly improves low-dose BMP-2-based bone regeneration by mobilizing healing-associated mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs). Smart synthetic hydrogels are used to trap and study endogenous MPCs trafficking to bone defects. Hydrogel-trapped and prospectively isolated MPCs differentiate into multiple lineages in vitro and form bone in vivo. In vitro screenings reveal that platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB) strongly recruits prospective MPCs making it a promising candidate for the engineering of hydrogels that enrich endogenous MPCs in vivo. However, PDGF-BB inhibits BMP-2-mediated osteogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. In contrast, smart two-way dynamic release hydrogels with fast-release of PDGF-BB and sustained delivery of BMP-2 beneficially promote the healing of bone defects. Collectively, it is shown that modulating the dynamics of endogenous progenitor cells in vivo by smart synthetic hydrogels significantly improves bone healing and holds great potential for other advanced applications in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp S. Lienemann
- Department of ObstetricsUniversity Hospital ZurichUniversity of ZurichSchmelzbergstr. 12Zurich8091Switzerland
- Institute of BioengineeringSchool of Life Sciences and School of EngineeringEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)Station 15Lausanne1015Switzerland
| | - Queralt Vallmajo‐Martin
- Department of ObstetricsUniversity Hospital ZurichUniversity of ZurichSchmelzbergstr. 12Zurich8091Switzerland
- Institute of BioengineeringSchool of Life Sciences and School of EngineeringEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)Station 15Lausanne1015Switzerland
| | - Panagiota Papageorgiou
- Department of ObstetricsUniversity Hospital ZurichUniversity of ZurichSchmelzbergstr. 12Zurich8091Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Blache
- Department of ObstetricsUniversity Hospital ZurichUniversity of ZurichSchmelzbergstr. 12Zurich8091Switzerland
| | - Stéphanie Metzger
- Department of ObstetricsUniversity Hospital ZurichUniversity of ZurichSchmelzbergstr. 12Zurich8091Switzerland
- Institute of BioengineeringSchool of Life Sciences and School of EngineeringEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)Station 15Lausanne1015Switzerland
| | - Anna‐Sofia Kiveliö
- Department of ObstetricsUniversity Hospital ZurichUniversity of ZurichSchmelzbergstr. 12Zurich8091Switzerland
- Institute of BioengineeringSchool of Life Sciences and School of EngineeringEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)Station 15Lausanne1015Switzerland
| | - Vincent Milleret
- Department of ObstetricsUniversity Hospital ZurichUniversity of ZurichSchmelzbergstr. 12Zurich8091Switzerland
| | - Ana Sala
- Department of ObstetricsUniversity Hospital ZurichUniversity of ZurichSchmelzbergstr. 12Zurich8091Switzerland
| | - Sylke Hoehnel
- Institute of BioengineeringSchool of Life Sciences and School of EngineeringEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)Station 15Lausanne1015Switzerland
| | - Aline Roch
- Institute of BioengineeringSchool of Life Sciences and School of EngineeringEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)Station 15Lausanne1015Switzerland
| | - Raphael Reuten
- Institute for Dental Research and Oral Musculoskeletal BiologyCenter for BiochemistryUniversity of CologneCologne50931Germany
| | - Manuel Koch
- Institute for Dental Research and Oral Musculoskeletal BiologyCenter for BiochemistryUniversity of CologneCologne50931Germany
| | - Olaia Naveiras
- Institute of BioengineeringSchool of Life Sciences and School of EngineeringEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)Station 15Lausanne1015Switzerland
| | - Franz E. Weber
- Department of Cranio‐Maxillofacial SurgeryOral Biotechnology and BioengineeringUniversity Hospital ZurichFrauenklinikstrasse 24Zurich8091Switzerland
| | - Wilfried Weber
- Faculty of Biology and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling StudiesUniversity of FreiburgSchänzlestr. 18Freiburg79104Germany
| | - Matthias P. Lutolf
- Institute of BioengineeringSchool of Life Sciences and School of EngineeringEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)Station 15Lausanne1015Switzerland
| | - Martin Ehrbar
- Department of ObstetricsUniversity Hospital ZurichUniversity of ZurichSchmelzbergstr. 12Zurich8091Switzerland
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11
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Abstract
Background: Tendon disorders increasingly afflict our aging society but we lack the scientific understanding to clinically address them. Clinically relevant models of tendon disease are urgently needed as established small animal models of tendinopathy fail to capture essential aspects of the disease. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional cell and tissue culture models are similarly limited, lacking many physiological extracellular matrix cues required to maintain tissue homeostasis or guide matrix remodeling. These cues reflect the biochemical and biomechanical status of the tissue, and encode information regarding the mechanical and metabolic competence of the tissue. Tendon explants overcome some of these limitations and have thus emerged as a valuable tool for the discovery and study of mechanisms associated with tendon homeostasis and pathophysiology. Tendon explants retain native cell-cell and cell-matrix connections, while allowing highly reproducible experimental control over extrinsic factors like mechanical loading and nutritional availability. In this sense tendon explant models can deliver insights that are otherwise impossible to obtain from in vivo animal or in vitro cell culture models. Purpose: In this review, we aimed to provide an overview of tissue explant models used in tendon research, with a specific focus on the value of explant culture systems for the controlled study of the tendon core tissue. We discuss their advantages, limitations and potential future utility. We include suggestions and technical recommendations for the successful use of tendon explant cultures and conclude with an outlook on how explant models may be leveraged with state-of-the-art biotechnologies to propel our understanding of tendon physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania L Wunderli
- University Hospital Balgrist, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Blache
- University Hospital Balgrist, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jess G Snedeker
- University Hospital Balgrist, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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12
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Wunderli SL, Blache U, Beretta Piccoli A, Niederöst B, Holenstein CN, Passini FS, Silván U, Bundgaard L, Auf dem Keller U, Snedeker JG. Tendon response to matrix unloading is determined by the patho-physiological niche. Matrix Biol 2020; 89:11-26. [PMID: 31917255 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although the molecular mechanisms behind tendon disease remain obscure, aberrant stromal matrix turnover and tissue hypervascularity are known hallmarks of advanced tendinopathy. We harness a tendon explant model to unwind complex cross-talk between the stromal and vascular tissue compartments. We identify the hypervascular tendon niche as a state-switch that gates degenerative matrix remodeling within the tissue stroma. Here pathological conditions resembling hypervascular tendon disease provoke rapid cell-mediated tissue breakdown upon mechanical unloading, in contrast to unloaded tendons that remain functionally stable in physiological low-oxygen/-temperature niches. Analyses of the stromal tissue transcriptome and secretome reveal that a stromal niche with elevated tissue oxygenation and temperature drives a ROS mediated cellular stress response that leads to adoption of an immune-modulatory phenotype within the degrading stromal tissue. Degradomic analysis further reveals a surprisingly rich set of active matrix proteases behind the progressive loss of tissue mechanics. We conclude that the tendon stromal compartment responds to aberrant mechanical unloading in a manner that is highly dependent on the vascular niche, with ROS gating a complex proteolytic breakdown of the functional collagen backbone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania L Wunderli
- University Hospital Balgrist, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Blache
- University Hospital Balgrist, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Agnese Beretta Piccoli
- University Hospital Balgrist, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Niederöst
- University Hospital Balgrist, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claude N Holenstein
- University Hospital Balgrist, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fabian S Passini
- University Hospital Balgrist, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Unai Silván
- University Hospital Balgrist, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Louise Bundgaard
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Ulrich Auf dem Keller
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Jess G Snedeker
- University Hospital Balgrist, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Switzerland.
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13
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Blache U, Horton ER, Xia T, Schoof EM, Blicher LH, Schönenberger A, Snedeker JG, Martin I, Erler JT, Ehrbar M. Mesenchymal stromal cell activation by breast cancer secretomes in bioengineered 3D microenvironments. Life Sci Alliance 2019; 2:2/3/e201900304. [PMID: 31160380 PMCID: PMC6549139 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201900304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study shows the activation of tumour-associated mesenchymal stromal cells by breast cancer secretomes in bioengineered 3D microenvironments using comprehensive multiomics analysis methods. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are key contributors of the tumour microenvironment and are known to promote cancer progression through reciprocal communication with cancer cells, but how they become activated is not fully understood. Here, we investigate how breast cancer cells from different stages of the metastatic cascade convert MSCs into tumour-associated MSCs (TA-MSCs) using unbiased, global approaches. Using mass spectrometry, we compared the secretomes of MCF-7 cells, invasive MDA-MB-231 cells, and sublines isolated from bone, lung, and brain metastases and identified ECM and exosome components associated with invasion and organ-specific metastasis. Next, we used synthetic hydrogels to investigate how these different secretomes activate MSCs in bioengineered 3D microenvironments. Using kinase activity profiling and RNA sequencing, we found that only MDA-MB-231 breast cancer secretomes convert MSCs into TA-MSCs, resulting in an immunomodulatory phenotype that was particularly prominent in response to bone-tropic cancer cells. We have investigated paracrine signalling from breast cancer cells to TA-MSCs in 3D, which may highlight new potential targets for anticancer therapy approaches aimed at targeting tumour stroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Blache
- Department of Obstetrics, University and University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute for Biomechanics, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Edward R Horton
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tian Xia
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erwin M Schoof
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lene H Blicher
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Angelina Schönenberger
- Institute for Biomechanics, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Biomechanics Laboratory, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jess G Snedeker
- Institute for Biomechanics, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Biomechanics Laboratory, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Martin
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Janine T Erler
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Ehrbar
- Department of Obstetrics, University and University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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14
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Blache U, Vallmajo-Martin Q, Horton ER, Guerrero J, Djonov V, Scherberich A, Erler JT, Martin I, Snedeker JG, Milleret V, Ehrbar M. Notch-inducing hydrogels reveal a perivascular switch of mesenchymal stem cell fate. EMBO Rep 2018; 19:embr.201845964. [PMID: 29967223 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201845964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The fate of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the perivascular niche, as well as factors controlling their fate, is poorly understood. Here, we study MSCs in the perivascular microenvironment of endothelial capillaries by modifying a synthetic 3D biomimetic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-hydrogel system in vitro We show that MSCs together with endothelial cells form micro-capillary networks specifically in soft PEG hydrogels. Transcriptome analysis of human MSCs isolated from engineered capillaries shows a prominent switch in extracellular matrix (ECM) production. We demonstrate that the ECM phenotypic switch of MSCs can be recapitulated in the absence of endothelial cells by functionalizing PEG hydrogels with the Notch-activator Jagged1. Moreover, transient culture of MSCs in Notch-inducing microenvironments reveals the reversibility of this ECM switch. These findings provide insight into the perivascular commitment of MSCs by use of engineered niche-mimicking synthetic hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Blache
- Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute for Biomechanics, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Queralt Vallmajo-Martin
- Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Edward R Horton
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Julien Guerrero
- Department of Biomedicine and Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Arnaud Scherberich
- Department of Biomedicine and Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Janine T Erler
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ivan Martin
- Department of Biomedicine and Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jess G Snedeker
- Institute for Biomechanics, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Biomechanics Laboratory, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Milleret
- Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Ehrbar
- Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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15
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Blache U, Ehrbar M. Inspired by Nature: Hydrogels as Versatile Tools for Vascular Engineering. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2018; 7:232-246. [PMID: 29984113 PMCID: PMC6032659 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2017.0760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Significance: Diseases related to vascular malfunction, hyper-vascularization, or lack of vascularization are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. Engineered, vascularized tissues as well as angiogenic growth factor-releasing hydrogels could replace defective tissues. Further, treatments and testing of novel vascular therapeutics will benefit significantly from models that allow for the study of vascularized tissues under physiological relevant in vitro conditions. Recent Advances: Inspired by fibrin, the provisional matrix during wound healing, naturally derived and synthetic hydrogel scaffolds have been developed for vascular engineering. Today, engineers and biologists use commercially available hydrogels to pre-vascularize tissues, to control the delivery of angiogenic growth factors, and to establish vascular diseases models. Critical Issue: For clinical translation, pre-vascularized tissue constructs must be sufficiently large and stable to substitute function-relevant tissue defects and integrate with host vascular perfusion. Moreover, the continuous integration of knowhow from basic vascular biology with innovative, tailorable materials and advanced manufacturing technologies is key to achieving near-physiological tissue models and new treatments to control vascularization. Future Directions: For transplantation, engineered tissues must comprise hierarchically organized vascular trees of different caliber and function. The development of novel vascularization-promoting or -inhibiting therapeutics will benefit from physiologically relevant vessel models. In addition, tissue models representing treatment-relevant vascular tissue functions will increase the capacity to screen for therapeutic compounds and will significantly reduce the need for animals for their validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Blache
- Department of Obstetrics, University and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Ehrbar
- Department of Obstetrics, University and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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16
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Veß A, Blache U, Leitner L, Kurz AR, Ehrenpfordt A, Sixt M, Posern G. Dual phenotype of MDA-MB-468 cancer cells reveals mutual regulation of tensin3 and adhesion plasticity. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:2172-2184. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.200899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasticity between adhesive and less-adhesive states is important for mammalian cell behaviour. To investigate adhesion plasticity, we have selected a stable isogenic subpopulation of MDA-MB-468 breast carcinoma cells which grows in suspension. These suspension cells are unable to re-adhere to various matrices or to contract three-dimensional collagen lattices. By transcriptome analysis, we identified the focal adhesion protein tensin3 (Tns3) as a determinant of adhesion plasticity. Tns3 is strongly reduced on mRNA and protein level in suspension cells. Furthermore, challenging breast cancer cells transiently with non-adherent conditions markedly reduces Tns3 expression, which is regained upon re-adhesion. Stable knockdown of Tns3 in parental cells results in defective adhesion, spreading and migration. Tns3 knockdown cells display impaired structure and dynamics of focal adhesion complexes as determined by immunostaining. Restoration of Tns3 expression in suspension cells partially rescues adhesion and focal contact composition. Our work identifies Tns3 as a critical focal adhesion component regulated by, and functionally contributing to, the switch between adhesive and non-adhesive states in MDA-MB-468 cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Veß
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06114 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ulrich Blache
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06114 Halle (Saale), Germany
- current address: Laboratory for Cell and Tissue Engineering, University Hospital Zürich, CH-8091 Zürich, Switzerland
- current address: Laboratory for Orthopedic Biomechanics, ETH Zürich, CH-8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Laura Leitner
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06114 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, D-82152 Martinsried near Munich, Germany
| | - Angela R.M. Kurz
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06114 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, D-82152 Martinsried near Munich, Germany
- current address: Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, D-81377 München, Germany
| | - Anja Ehrenpfordt
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06114 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Michael Sixt
- Institute of Science and Technology, A-3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Guido Posern
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06114 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, D-82152 Martinsried near Munich, Germany
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17
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Metzger S, Blache U, Lienemann PS, Karlsson M, Weber FE, Weber W, Ehrbar M. Cell-Mediated Proteolytic Release of Growth Factors from Poly(Ethylene Glycol) Matrices. Macromol Biosci 2016; 16:1703-1713. [PMID: 27548907 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201600223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Engineering in vitro tissue mimetics that resemble the corresponding living tissues requires the 3D arrangement of tissue progenitor cells and their differentiation by localized growth factor (GF) signaling cues. Recent technological advances open a large field of possibilities for the creation of complex GF arrangements. Additionally, cell-instructive biomaterials, which bind GFs by various mechanisms and release them with different kinetics depending on binding affinity, have become available. This paper describes the development of a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-degradable streptavidin-based linker module, which allows the release of immobilized GFs from synthetic biomimetic poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels independently of the hydrogel degradation. The MMP-sensitive streptavidin linker is shown to efficiently bind biotinylated molecules, and as proof of concept, bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) delivery via the MMP-degradable linker is used to induce osteogenic differentiation in C2C12 cells and mesenchymal stem cells. The results show a significantly increased net effect of proteolytically releasable BMP-2 in comparison to stably immobilized and soluble BMP-2. This study indicates that a GF delivery system directly responsive to cellular activity can have important implications for the synthesis of tissue mimetics and regenerative medicine, as it can influence the availability, the localization of effects, as well as efficacy of employed GFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Metzger
- Department of Obstetrics, University and University Hospital Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Blache
- Department of Obstetrics, University and University Hospital Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp S Lienemann
- Department of Obstetrics, University and University Hospital Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.,School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 58 Oxford St., Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Maria Karlsson
- Faculty of Biology and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 18, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Franz E Weber
- Department of Cranio Maxillofacial Surgery, Oral Biotechnology and Bioengineering, University and University Hospital Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wilfried Weber
- Faculty of Biology and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 18, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Ehrbar
- Department of Obstetrics, University and University Hospital Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
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18
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Blache U, Metzger S, Vallmajo-Martin Q, Martin I, Djonov V, Ehrbar M. Dual Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Allows for Microvascularized Bone Tissue-Like Environments in PEG Hydrogels. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:489-98. [PMID: 26693678 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In vitro engineered tissues which recapitulate functional and morphological properties of bone marrow and bone tissue will be desirable to study bone regeneration under fully controlled conditions. Among the key players in the initial phase of bone regeneration are mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and endothelial cells (ECs) that are in close contact in many tissues. Additionally, the generation of tissue constructs for in vivo transplantations has included the use of ECs since insufficient vascularization is one of the bottlenecks in (bone) tissue engineering. Here, 3D cocultures of human bone marrow derived MSCs (hBM-MSCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in synthetic biomimetic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based matrices are directed toward vascularized bone mimicking tissue constructs. In this environment, bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) or fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) promotes the formation of vascular networks. However, while osteogenic differentiation is achieved with BMP-2, the treatment with FGF-2 suppressed osteogenic differentiation. Thus, this study shows that cocultures of hBM-MSCs and HUVECs in biological inert PEG matrices can be directed toward bone and bone marrow-like 3D tissue constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Blache
- Department of Obstetrics, University and University Hospital Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stéphanie Metzger
- Department of Obstetrics, University and University Hospital Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Queralt Vallmajo-Martin
- Department of Obstetrics, University and University Hospital Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Martin
- Department of Biomedicine and Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Valentin Djonov
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 2, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin Ehrbar
- Department of Obstetrics, University and University Hospital Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
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19
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Blache U, Silván U, Plodinec M, Suetterlin R, Jakob R, Klebba I, Bentires-Alj M, Aebi U, Schoenenberger CA. A tumorigenic actin mutant alters fibroblast morphology and multicellular assembly properties. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2013; 70:635-50. [DOI: 10.1002/cm.21120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Blache
- Focal Area Structural Biology and Biophysics; Biozentrum; University of Basel; Basel Switzerland
| | - Unai Silván
- Focal Area Structural Biology and Biophysics; Biozentrum; University of Basel; Basel Switzerland
| | - Marija Plodinec
- Focal Area Structural Biology and Biophysics; Biozentrum; University of Basel; Basel Switzerland
| | - Rosmarie Suetterlin
- Focal Area Structural Biology and Biophysics; Biozentrum; University of Basel; Basel Switzerland
| | - Roman Jakob
- Focal Area Structural Biology and Biophysics; Biozentrum; University of Basel; Basel Switzerland
| | - Ina Klebba
- Mechanisms of Cancer; Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research; Basel Switzerland
| | - Mohamed Bentires-Alj
- Mechanisms of Cancer; Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research; Basel Switzerland
| | - Ueli Aebi
- Focal Area Structural Biology and Biophysics; Biozentrum; University of Basel; Basel Switzerland
| | - Cora-Ann Schoenenberger
- Focal Area Structural Biology and Biophysics; Biozentrum; University of Basel; Basel Switzerland
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20
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Blache U, Jakob T, Su W, Wilhelm C. The impact of cell-specific absorption properties on the correlation of electron transport rates measured by chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthetic oxygen production in planktonic algae. Plant Physiol Biochem 2011; 49:801-8. [PMID: 21571541 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2011.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis-irradiance (P-E)-curves describe the photosynthetic performance of autotrophic organisms. From these P-E-curves the photosynthetic parameters α-slope, P(max), and E(k) can be deduced which are often used to characterize and to compare different organisms or organisms in acclimation to different environmental conditions. Particularly, for in situ-measurements of P-E curves of phytoplankton the analysis of variable chlorophyll fluorescence proved its potential as a sensitive and rapid method. By using Chlorella vulgaris (Trebouxiophyceae), Nannochloropsis salina (Eustigmatophyceae), Skeletonema costatum and Cyclotella meneghiniana (Bacillariophyceae), the present study investigated the influence of cellular bio-optical properties on the correlation of the photosynthetic parameters derived from fluorescence-based P-E-curves with photosynthetic parameters obtained from the measurement of oxygen evolution. It is demonstrated that small planktonic algae show a wide range of cellular absorptivity which was subject to species-specifity, growth stage and environmental conditions, e.g. nutrient limitation. This variability in bio-optical properties resulted in a great deviation of relative electron transport rates (rETRs) from oxygen-based photosynthesis rates. Thus, the photosynthetic parameters α-slope and P(max) derived from rETRs strongly depend on the specific cellular absorptivity and cannot be used to compare the photosynthetic performance of cells with different optical properties. However, it was shown that E(k) is independent of cellular absorptivity and could be used to compare samples with unknown optical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Blache
- Dept. Plant Physiology, Biology I, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 21-23, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
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