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Baky NAA, Fouad LM, Ahmed KA, Alzokaky AA. Mechanistic insight into the hepatoprotective effect of Moringa oleifera Lam leaf extract and telmisartan against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis: plausible roles of TGF-β1/SMAD3/SMAD7 and HDAC2/NF-κB/PPARγ pathways. Drug Chem Toxicol 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38835191 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2024.2358066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
The increasing prevalence and limited therapeutic options for liver fibrosis necessitates more medical attention. Our study aims to investigate the potential molecular targets by which Moringa oleifera Lam leaf extract (Mor) and/or telmisartan (Telm) alleviate carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis in rats. Liver fibrosis was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by intraperitoneal injection of 50% CCl4 (1 ml/kg) every 72 hours, for 8 weeks. Intoxicated rats with CCl4 were simultaneously orally administrated Mor (400 mg/kg/day for 8 weeks) and/or Telm (10 mg/kg/day for 8 weeks). Treatment of CCl4-intoxicated rats with Mor/Telm significantly reduced serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities compared to CCl4 intoxicated group (P < 0.001). Additionally, Mor/Telm treatment significantly reduced the level of hepatic inflammatory, profibrotic, and apoptotic markers including; nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), transforming growth factor-βeta1 (TGF-β1), and caspase-3. Interestingly, co-treatment of CCl4-intoxicated rats with Mor/Telm downregulated m-RNA expression of histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) (71.8%), and reduced protein expression of mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 (p-SMAD3) (70.6%) compared to untreated animals. Mor/Telm regimen also elevated p-SMAD7 protein expression as well as m-RNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) (3.6 and 3.1 fold, respectively p < 0.05) compared to CCl4 intoxicated group. Histopathological picture of the liver tissue intoxicated with CCl4 revealed marked improvement by Mor/Telm co-treatment. Conclusively, this study substantiated the hepatoprotective effect of Mor/Telm regimen against CCl4-induced liver fibrosis through suppression of TGF-β1/SMAD3, and HDAC2/NF-κB signaling pathways and up-regulation of SMAD7 and PPARγ expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayira A Abdel Baky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Lamiaa M Fouad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Kawkab A Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amany A Alzokaky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University, New Damietta, Egypt
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Di Stasio M, Cordopatri C, Nardi C, Busoni S, Noferini L, Colagrande S, Calistri L. Liver Biliary Function Evaluation on a 1.5T Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scan by T1 Reduction Rate Assessment Using Variable-Flip-Angle Sequences. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2024; 48:354-360. [PMID: 38346811 DOI: 10.1097/rct.0000000000001582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Magnetic resonance (MR) relaxometry is an absolute and reproducible quantitative method, compared with signal intensity for the evaluation of liver biliary function. This is obtainable by the T1 reduction rate (T1RR), as it carries a smaller systematic error than the pre/post contrast agent T1 measurement. We aimed to develop and test an MR T1 relaxometry tool tailored for the evaluation of liver T1RR after gadolinium ethoxybenzyl-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid administration on 1.5T MR. METHODS In vitro/vivo (liver) T1RR values with two 3D FLASH variable-flip-angle sequences were calculated by a MATLAB algorithm. In vitro measurements were done by 2 physicists, in consensus. The prospective in vivo study was approved by the local ethical committee and performed on 13 normal/26 cirrhotic livers. A supplemental test in 5 normal/5 cirrhotic livers, out of the studied series, was done to compare the results of our method (without B1 inhomogeneity correction) and those of a standardized commercial tool (with B1 inhomogeneity correction). All in vivo evaluations were performed by 2 radiologists with 7 years of experience in abdominal imaging. Open-source Java-based software ImageJ was used to draw the free-hand regions of interest on liver section and for the measurement of hepatic T1RR values. The T1RR values of each group of patients were compared to assess statistically significant differences. All statistical analyses were performed with IBM-SPSS Statistics. In vivo evaluations, the intrareader and interreader reliability was assessed by intraclass correlation coefficient. RESULTS Our method showed good accuracy in evaluating in vitro T1RR with a maximum percentage error of 9% (constant at various time points) with T1 values in the 200- to 1400-millisecond range. In vivo, a high concordance between the T1RR evaluated with the proposed method and that calculated from the standardized commercial software was verified ( P < 0.05). The median T1RRs were 74.8, 67.9, and 52.1 for the normal liver, Child-Pugh A, and Child-Pugh B cirrhotic groups, respectively. A very good agreement was found, both within intrareader and interreader reliability, with intraclass correlation coefficient values ranging from 0.88 to 0.95 and from 0.85 to 0.90, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The proposed method allowed accurate reliable in vitro/vivo T1RR assessment evaluation of the liver biliary function after gadolinium ethoxybenzyl-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Di Stasio
- From the Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence-Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi
| | - Cesare Cordopatri
- From the Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence-Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi
| | - Cosimo Nardi
- From the Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence-Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi
| | - Simone Busoni
- Department of Health Physics, UOC Fisica Sanitaria, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Linhsia Noferini
- Department of Health Physics, UOC Fisica Sanitaria, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Stefano Colagrande
- From the Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence-Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi
| | - Linda Calistri
- From the Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence-Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi
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Han J, Lee C, Jung Y. Current Evidence and Perspectives of Cluster of Differentiation 44 in the Liver's Physiology and Pathology. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4749. [PMID: 38731968 PMCID: PMC11084344 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44), a multi-functional cell surface receptor, has several variants and is ubiquitously expressed in various cells and tissues. CD44 is well known for its function in cell adhesion and is also involved in diverse cellular responses, such as proliferation, migration, differentiation, and activation. To date, CD44 has been extensively studied in the field of cancer biology and has been proposed as a marker for cancer stem cells. Recently, growing evidence suggests that CD44 is also relevant in non-cancer diseases. In liver disease, it has been shown that CD44 expression is significantly elevated and associated with pathogenesis by impacting cellular responses, such as metabolism, proliferation, differentiation, and activation, in different cells. However, the mechanisms underlying CD44's function in liver diseases other than liver cancer are still poorly understood. Hence, to help to expand our knowledge of the role of CD44 in liver disease and highlight the need for further research, this review provides evidence of CD44's effects on liver physiology and its involvement in the pathogenesis of liver disease, excluding cancer. In addition, we discuss the potential role of CD44 as a key regulator of cell physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsol Han
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Pusan 46241, Republic of Korea;
| | - Chanbin Lee
- Institute of Systems Biology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Pusan 46241, Republic of Korea;
| | - Youngmi Jung
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Pusan 46241, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Pusan 46241, Republic of Korea
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Aktaş İ, Gur FM, Bilgiç S. Protective effect of misoprostol against paclitaxel-induced cardiac damage in rats. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2024; 171:106813. [PMID: 38253234 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2024.106813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE One of the most critical reasons for limiting cancer treatment is the toxic effects of anti-cancer drugs on healthy tissues and organs. This study aims to investigate the possible protective effects of misoprostol (MS) against the damage that arises from paclitaxel (PT), an anti-cancer pharmacological agent, in the rat heart using histopathological and biochemical analyses. METHODS In this study, four groups, each containing seven animals, were formed by random selection from 28 Sprague Dawley female rats. Control group rats were administered 1 ml of normal saline orally and intraperitoneally (i.p.) for six days. While the PT group rats were administered PT at a dose of 2 mg/kg intraperitoneally (i.p.) on days 0, 2, 4, and 6, the MS group was administered MS at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg in 1 ml normal saline by oral gavage for six days. PT and MS were administered to the PT + MS group rats in the same dose and route as the previous groups. RESULTS Administration of PT increased serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), cardiac troponin I (cTn-I), creatine kinase isoenzyme MB (CK-MB), and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels. PT administration also decreased the levels of glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in the heart tissue while increasing the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) (p < 0.05). In histopathological examinations, pathological changes, such as edema, congestion, hemorrhage, apoptosis, and degeneration, occurred in the heart tissue of PT-treated rats. The negative changes in histopathological and biochemical parameters that occurred in the PT group were almost not observed in the PT + MS group (p < 0.005). CONCLUSION When the findings were evaluated, it was concluded that MS protects the heart tissue from the harmful effects of PT, probably due to its antioxidant, anti-apoptotic and TNF-alpha suppressive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- İbrahim Aktaş
- Adıyaman University, Department of Pharmacology, Vocational School of Health Services, Adıyaman, Turkey
| | - Fatih Mehmet Gur
- Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Nigde, Turkey
| | - Sedat Bilgiç
- Adıyaman University, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Vocational School of Health Services, Adıyaman, Turkey.
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Ketabchi F, Khoram M, Dehghanian A. Evaluation of Electrocardiogram Parameters and Heart Rate Variability During Blood Pressure Elevation by Phenylephrine in Cirrhotic Rats. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2024; 24:321-334. [PMID: 38409566 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-024-09839-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy is a myocardial disease that may go undetected in the early stages due to peripheral vasodilatation. The aim of the study was to evaluate the electrocardiogram (ECG) and heart rate variability (HRV) after raising blood pressure by phenylephrine injection in rats with liver cirrhosis. Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into the Sham and common bile duct ligation (CBDL) groups. After 44 days, animals were anesthetized and the right femoral artery and vein catheterized. After a steady-state period, a bolus injection of phenylephrine (PHE, 10 μg/μl/IV, baroreflex maneuver) was followed by a slow injection of PHE (100 μg/ml/5 min/IV, sustained maneuver). Rapid and slow injections of PHE resulted in a greater increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP) and a weaker bradycardia response in the CBDL group than in the Sham group. ECG analysis showed increased QT, QTc, JT, and T peak to T end in the CBDL group, which remained unchanged after PHE injection. On the other hand, the parasympathetic indices of the HF band and RMSSD, and the sympathetic index of the LF band after PHE injection were lower in the CBDL group than in the Sham group.ECG data indicated prolonged ventricular depolarization and repolarization, independent of blood pressure levels in cirrhosis. On the other hand, after PHE injection, the parasympathetic and sympathetic components of HRV decreased, regardless of the duration of elevated blood pressure. We suggest that HRV analysis can provide a useful approach to assess cardiac dysfunction associated with elevated blood pressure in cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Ketabchi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Mohammadreza Khoram
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amirreza Dehghanian
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Kim BJ, Bak SB, Bae SJ, Jin HJ, Park SM, Kim YR, Jung DH, Song CH, Kim YW, Kim SC, Lee WY, Park SD. Protective Effects of Red Ginseng Against Tacrine-Induced Hepatotoxicity: An Integrated Approach with Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation. Drug Des Devel Ther 2024; 18:549-566. [PMID: 38419811 PMCID: PMC10900653 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s450305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Tacrine, an FDA-approved acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, has shown efficacy in treating Alzheimer's disease, but its clinical use is limited by hepatotoxicity. This study investigates the protective effects of red ginseng against tacrine-induced hepatotoxicity, focusing on oxidative stress. Methods A network depicting the interaction between compounds and targets was constructed for RG. Effect of RG was determined by MTT and FACS analysis with cells stained by rhodamine 123. Proteins were extracted and subjected to immunoblotting for apoptosis-related proteins. Results The outcomes of the network analysis revealed a significant association, with 20 out of 82 identified primary RG targets aligning with those involved in oxidative liver damage including notable interactions within the AMPK pathway. in vitro experiments showed that RG, particularly at 1000μg/mL, mitigated tacrine-induced apoptosis and mitochondrial damage, while activating the LKB1-mediated AMPK pathway and Hippo-Yap signaling. In mice, RG also protected the liver injury induced by tacrine, as similar protective effects to silymarin, a well-known drug for liver toxicity protection. Discussion Our study reveals the potential of RG in mitigating tacrine-induced hepatotoxicity, suggesting the administration of natural products like RG to reduce toxicity in Alzheimer's disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bong-Jo Kim
- Department of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, 38066, Korea
| | - Seon-Been Bak
- Department of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, 38066, Korea
| | - Su-Jin Bae
- Department of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, 38066, Korea
- Department of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 54538, Korea
| | - Hyo-Jung Jin
- Medical Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, 38610, Korea
| | - Sang Mi Park
- Medical Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, 38610, Korea
| | - Ye-Rim Kim
- Medical Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, 38610, Korea
| | - Dae-Hwa Jung
- Medical Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, 38610, Korea
| | - Chang-Hyun Song
- Medical Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, 38610, Korea
| | - Young-Woo Kim
- Department of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, 38066, Korea
| | - Sang-Chan Kim
- Medical Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, 38610, Korea
| | - Won-Yung Lee
- Department of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 54538, Korea
- Research Center of Traditional Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 54538, Korea
| | - Sun-Dong Park
- Department of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, 38066, Korea
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Zhao W, Li M, Song S, Zhi Y, Huan C, Lv G. The role of natural killer T cells in liver transplantation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 11:1274361. [PMID: 38250325 PMCID: PMC10796773 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1274361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural killer T cells (NKTs) are innate-like lymphocytes that are abundant in the liver and participate in liver immunity. NKT cells express both NK cell and T cell markers, modulate innate and adaptive immune responses. Type I and Type II NKT cells are classified according to the TCR usage, while they recognize lipid antigen in a non-classical major histocompatibility (MHC) molecule CD1d-restricted manner. Once activated, NKT cells can quickly produce cytokines and chemokines to negatively or positively regulate the immune responses, depending on the different NKT subsets. In liver transplantation (LTx), the immune reactions in a series of processes determine the recipients' long-term survival, including ischemia-reperfusion injury, alloresponse, and post-transplant infection. This review provides insight into the research on NKT cells subpopulations in LTx immunity during different processes, and discusses the shortcomings of the current research on NKT cells. Additionally, the CD56-expressing T cells are recognized as a NK-like T cell population, they were also discussed during these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Mingqian Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Shifei Song
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yao Zhi
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Chen Huan
- Center of Infectious Diseases and Pathogen Biology, Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of The Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Guoyue Lv
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Zhang Y, Huang J, Gan L, Wu R, Jin J, Wang T, Sun S, Zhang Z, Li L, Zheng X, Zhang K, Sun L, Ma H, Li D. Hepatoprotective effects of Niudali ( Callerya speciosa) root aqueous extracts against tetrachloromethane-induced acute liver injury and inflammation. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:7026-7038. [PMID: 37970412 PMCID: PMC10630805 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Niudali (Callerya speciosa) is commonly grown in southeastern regions of China and consumed as a food ingredient. Although Niudali root extracts showed various biological activities, the hepatoprotective effects of Niudali root phytochemicals are not fully studied. Herein, we prepared two Niudali root aqueous extracts, namely, c and Niudali polysaccharides-enriched extract (NPE), and identified an alkaloid, (hypaphorine) in NEW. The hepatoprotective effects of NWE, NPE, and hypaphorine were evaluated in an acute liver injury model induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in mice. Pathohistological examination and blood chemistry assays showed that treatment of NWE, NPE, and hypaphorine alleviated CCl4-induced liver damage by lowering the liver injury score (by 75.51%, 80.01%, and 41.22%) and serum aspartate and alanine transaminases level (by 63.24%, 85.22%, and 49.74% and by 78.73%, 80.08%, and 81.70%), respectively. NWE, NPE, and hypaphorine also reduced CCl4-induced hepatic oxidative stresses in the liver tissue by decreasing the levels of malondialdehyde (by 40.00%, 51.25%, and 28.75%) and reactive oxygen species (by 30.22%, 36.14%, and 33.54%) while increasing the levels of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (by 21.36%, 21.64%, and 8.90%), catalase (by 22.13%, 33.33%, and 5.39%), and glutathione (by 84.87%, 90.65%, and 80.53%), respectively. Mechanistic assays showed that NWE, NPE, and hypaphorine alleviated liver damage by mediating inflammatory biomarkers (e.g., pro-inflammatory cytokines) via the signaling pathways of mitogen-activated protein kinases and nuclear factor-κB. Findings from our study extend the understanding of Niudali's hepatoprotective effects, which is useful for its development as a dietary intervention for liver inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizi Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Health SciencesWuyi UniversityJiangmenChina
| | - Jinwen Huang
- School of Biotechnology and Health SciencesWuyi UniversityJiangmenChina
| | - Lishe Gan
- School of Biotechnology and Health SciencesWuyi UniversityJiangmenChina
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen)JiangmenChina
| | - Rihui Wu
- School of Biotechnology and Health SciencesWuyi UniversityJiangmenChina
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen)JiangmenChina
| | - Jingwei Jin
- School of Biotechnology and Health SciencesWuyi UniversityJiangmenChina
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen)JiangmenChina
| | - Tinghan Wang
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of PharmacyUniversity of Rhode IslandKingstonRhode IslandUSA
| | - Shili Sun
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tea Resources Innovation & UtilizationGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhenbiao Zhang
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tea Resources Innovation & UtilizationGuangzhouChina
| | - Liya Li
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health SciencesNortheastern UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Xi Zheng
- School of Biotechnology and Health SciencesWuyi UniversityJiangmenChina
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Health SciencesWuyi UniversityJiangmenChina
| | - Lingli Sun
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tea Resources Innovation & UtilizationGuangzhouChina
| | - Hang Ma
- School of Biotechnology and Health SciencesWuyi UniversityJiangmenChina
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen)JiangmenChina
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of PharmacyUniversity of Rhode IslandKingstonRhode IslandUSA
| | - Dongli Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health SciencesWuyi UniversityJiangmenChina
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen)JiangmenChina
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9
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Lee R, Lee WY, Park HJ. Effects of Melatonin on Liver of D-Galactose-Induced Aged Mouse Model. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:8412-8426. [PMID: 37886973 PMCID: PMC10604925 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45100530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin, a hormone secreted by the pineal gland of vertebrates, regulates sleep, blood pressure, and circadian and seasonal rhythms, and acts as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. We investigated the protective effects of melatonin against markers of D-galactose (D-Gal)-induced hepatocellular aging, including liver inflammation, hepatocyte structural damage, and non-alcoholic fatty liver. Mice were divided into four groups: phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, control), D-Gal (200 mg/kg/day), melatonin (20 mg/kg), and D-Gal (200 mg/kg) and melatonin (20 mg) cotreatment. The treatments were administered once daily for eight consecutive weeks. Melatonin treatment alleviated D-Gal-induced hepatocyte impairment. The AST level was significantly increased in the D-Gal-treated groups compared to that in the control group, while the ALT level was decreased compared to the melatonin and D-Gal cotreated group. Inflammatory genes, such as IL1-β, NF-κB, IL-6, TNFα, and iNOS, were significantly increased in the D-Gal aging model, whereas the expression levels of these genes were low in the D-Gal and melatonin cotreated group. Interestingly, the expression levels of hepatic steatosis-related genes, such as LXRα, C/EBPα, PPARα, ACC, ACOX1, and CPT-1, were markedly decreased in the D-Gal and melatonin cotreated group. These results suggest that melatonin suppresses hepatic steatosis and inflammation in a mouse model of D-Gal-induced aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Lee
- Department of Livestock, Korea National University of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea; (R.L.); (W.-Y.L.)
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Sangji University, Wonju-si 26339, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Yong Lee
- Department of Livestock, Korea National University of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea; (R.L.); (W.-Y.L.)
| | - Hyun-Jung Park
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Sangji University, Wonju-si 26339, Republic of Korea
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Liu W, Wu J, Cao H, Ma C, Wu Z, Tian Y, Ma C, Qiu H, Pan G. Human-Induced Hepatocytes-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Ameliorated Liver Fibrosis in Mice Via Suppression of TGF-β1/Smad Signaling and Activation of Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling. Stem Cells Dev 2023; 32:638-651. [PMID: 37345718 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2023.0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a wound-healing response caused by persistent liver injury and often occurs in chronic liver diseases. Effective treatments for liver fibrosis are still pending. Recent studies have revealed that extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from primary hepatocytes (Hep-EVs) have therapeutic potential for multiple liver diseases. However, Hep-EVs are difficult to manufacture in bulk because of the limited sources of primary hepatocytes. Human-induced hepatocytes (hiHep) are hepatocyte-like cells that can expand in vitro, and their cell culture supernatant is thus an almost unlimited resource for EVs. This study aimed to investigate the potential therapeutic effects of EVs derived from hiHeps. hiHep-EVs inhibited the expression of inflammatory genes and the secretion of inflammation-related cytokines, and suppressed the activation of hepatic stellate cells by inhibiting the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1/Smad signaling pathway. The anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects of hiHep-EVs were similar to those of mesenchymal stem cell-EVs. Furthermore, the administration of hiHep-EVs ameliorated oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis in a CCl4-induced liver fibrosis mouse model. The expression of α smooth muscle actin, collagen I, and collagen III was reduced, which may be attributed to the regulation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-1, and TIMP-2 by hiHep-EVs, and the protein expression of Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO1 was increased. Taken together, our results suggested that hiHep-EVs alleviated liver fibrosis by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and inhibiting the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway. This study revealed the hepatoprotective effect of hiHep-EVs, and provided a new approach to treating liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajun Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huiying Cao
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Ma
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhitao Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Youxi Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Guang Dong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Chenhui Ma
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, China
| | - Hong Qiu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoyu Pan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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11
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Turedi S. Protective/preventive effects of quercetin against cyclophosphamide-induced hepatic inflammation, apoptosis and fibrosis in rats. HEPATOLOGY FORUM 2023; 4:135-141. [PMID: 37822313 PMCID: PMC10564257 DOI: 10.14744/hf.2023.2023.0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aim The purpose of this study was to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of quercetin, a potent antioxidant, against hepatotoxicity caused by cyclophosphamide (CYC) in the rat liver using histopathological parameters. Materials and Methods Thirty female rats were divided into five groups - control, quercetin (Q), CYC, Q+CYC, and CYC+Q. At the end of the study, the liver tissues were removed and stained with routine histological hematoxylin and eosin, Periodic acid-Schiff, and Masson's trichrome. Caspase-3 (Cas-3), B-cell lymphoma protein 2-associated X (Bax), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) levels were investigated in immunohistochemically stained liver tissues. Results Histopathological examination showed that CYC caused impairment and degeneration in the structure of the hepatocyte cordon, necrosis in the periportal space, sinusoidal dilatation (p=0.000), congestion and edema (p=0.000), mononuclear cell infiltration, and increased connective tissue density (p=0.000). Cas-3, Bax, TNF-α, and IL-1β immunoreactivities were significantly higher in the CYC group (for all, p=0.000). Q administration gradually reduced histopathological structural damage and Cas-3, Bax, TNF-α (p=0.000), and IL-1β (p=0.000) intensity in the rat liver. Conclusion The administration of Q protected the liver tissue against CYC-induced damage, and successfully protected the liver against apoptosis, inflammation, and histopathological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Turedi
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Harran University School of Medicine, Sanliurfa, Turkiye
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12
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Hijazi N, Shi Z, Rockey DC. Paxillin regulates liver fibrosis via actin polymerization and ERK activation in hepatic stellate cells. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs261122. [PMID: 37667902 PMCID: PMC10560551 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver injury leads to fibrosis and cirrhosis. The primary mechanism underlying the fibrogenic response is the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), which are 'quiescent' in normal liver but become 'activated' after injury by transdifferentiating into extracellular matrix (ECM)-secreting myofibroblasts. Given that integrins are important in HSC activation and fibrogenesis, we hypothesized that paxillin, a key downstream effector in integrin signaling, might be critical in the fibrosis pathway. Using a cell-culture-based model of HSC activation and in vivo models of liver injury, we found that paxillin is upregulated in activated HSCs and fibrotic livers. Overexpression of paxillin (both in vitro and in vivo) led to increased ECM protein expression, and depletion of paxillin in a novel conditional mouse injury model reduced fibrosis. The mechanism by which paxillin mediated this effect appeared to be through the actin cytoskeleton, which signals to the ERK pathway and induces ECM protein production. These data highlight a novel role for paxillin in HSC biology and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Hijazi
- Digestive Disease Research Center Core, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Zengdun Shi
- Digestive Disease Research Center Core, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Don C. Rockey
- Digestive Disease Research Center Core, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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13
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Chen Y, Pan Q, Liao W, Ai W, Yang S, Guo S. Transcription Factor Forkhead Box O1 Mediates Transforming Growth Factor-β1-Induced Apoptosis in Hepatocytes. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 193:1143-1155. [PMID: 37263346 PMCID: PMC10477955 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of hepatocyte apoptosis is associated with several types of chronic liver diseases. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is a well-known pro-apoptotic factor in the liver, which constitutes a receptor complex composed of TGF-β receptor I and II, along with transcription factor Smad proteins. As a member of the forkhead box O (Foxo) class of transcription factors, Foxo1 is a predominant regulator of hepatic glucose production and apoptosis. This study investigated the potential relationship between TGF-β1 signaling and Foxo1 in control of apoptosis in hepatocytes. TGF-β1 induced hepatocyte apoptosis in a Foxo1-dependent manner in hepatocytes isolated from both wild-type and liver-specific Foxo1 knockout mice. TGF-β1 activated protein kinase A through TGF-β receptor I-Smad3, followed by phosphorylation of Foxo1 at Ser273 in promotion of apoptosis in hepatocytes. Moreover, Smad3 overexpression in the liver of mice promoted the levels of phosphorylated Foxo1-S273, total Foxo1, and a Foxo1-target pro-apoptotic gene Bim, which eventually resulted in hepatocyte apoptosis. The study further demonstrated a crucial role of Foxo1-S273 phosphorylation in the pro-apoptotic effect of TGF-β1 by using hepatocytes isolated from Foxo1-S273A/A knock-in mice, in which the phosphorylation of Foxo1-S273 was disrupted. Taken together, this study established a novel role of TGF-β1→protein kinase A→Foxo1 signaling cascades in control of hepatocyte survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunmei Chen
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Quan Pan
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Wang Liao
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Weiqi Ai
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Sijun Yang
- Institute of Animal Model for Human Disease, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaodong Guo
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas.
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14
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Abdalla MMI. Serum resistin and the risk for hepatocellular carcinoma in diabetic patients. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:4271-4288. [PMID: 37545641 PMCID: PMC10401662 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i27.4271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the predominant type of liver cancer, is a major contributor to cancer-related fatalities across the globe. Diabetes has been identified as a significant risk factor for HCC, with recent research indicating that the hormone resistin could be involved in the onset and advancement of HCC in diabetic individuals. Resistin is a hormone that is known to be involved in inflammation and insulin resistance. Patients with HCC have been observed to exhibit increased resistin levels, which could be correlated with more severe disease stages and unfavourable prognoses. Nevertheless, the exact processes through which resistin influences the development and progression of HCC in diabetic patients remain unclear. This article aims to examine the existing literature on the possible use of resistin levels as a biomarker for HCC development and monitoring. Furthermore, it reviews the possible pathways of HCC initiation due to elevated resistin and offers new perspectives on comprehending the fundamental mechanisms of HCC in diabetic patients. Gaining a better understanding of these processes may yield valuable insights into HCC’s development and progression, as well as identify possible avenues for prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Mohamed Ibrahim Abdalla
- Department of Human Biology, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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15
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Parente A, Flores Carvalho M, Schlegel A. Endothelial Cells and Mitochondria: Two Key Players in Liver Transplantation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10091. [PMID: 37373238 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Building the inner layer of our blood vessels, the endothelium forms an important line communicating with deeper parenchymal cells in our organs. Previously considered passive, endothelial cells are increasingly recognized as key players in intercellular crosstalk, vascular homeostasis, and blood fluidity. Comparable to other cells, their metabolic function strongly depends on mitochondrial health, and the response to flow changes observed in endothelial cells is linked to their mitochondrial metabolism. Despite the direct impact of new dynamic preservation concepts in organ transplantation, the impact of different perfusion conditions on sinusoidal endothelial cells is not yet explored well enough. This article therefore describes the key role of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) together with their mitochondrial function in the context of liver transplantation. The currently available ex situ machine perfusion strategies are described with their effect on LSEC health. Specific perfusion conditions, including perfusion pressure, duration, and perfusate oxygenation are critically discussed considering the metabolic function and integrity of liver endothelial cells and their mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Parente
- HPB and Transplant Unit, Department of Surgical Science, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Liver Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Andrea Schlegel
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Centre of Preclinical Research, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Transplantation Center, Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute, Department of Immunity and Inflammation, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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16
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Chaudhury D, Sen U, Biswas S, Shenoy P S, Bose B. Assessment of Threshold Dose of Thoron Inhalation and Its Biological Effects by Mimicking the Radiation Doses in Monazite Placer Deposits Corresponding to the Normal, Medium and Very High Natural Background Radiation Areas. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:2927-2941. [PMID: 36048359 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03398-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The dose contributed from thoron (220Rn) and its progeny has been neglected in the dose assessment because of its short half-life (t1/2 = 55.6 s) and generally low concentrations. Recently, concentrations of 220Rn gas and its progeny were found to be pronounced in the traditional residential dwellings in China, on beaches of India and in other countries. Accordingly, we investigated the biological effects of thoron (220Rn) decay products in various mouse organs, succeeding inhalation of thoron gas in BALB/c mouse. We investigated the biological effects upon thoron inhalation on mouse organs with a focus on oxidative stress. These mice were divided into (4 random groups): sham inhalation, thoron inhalation for 1, 4 and 10 days. Various tissues (lung, liver and kidney) were then collected after the time points and subjected to various biochemical analyses. Immediately after inhalation, mouse tissues were excised for gamma spectrometry and 72 h post inhalation for biochemical assays. The gamma spectrometry counts and its subsequent calculation of the equivalent dose showed varied distribution in the lung, liver and kidney. Our results suggest that acute thoron inhalation showed a differential effect on the antioxidant function and exerted pathophysiological alterations via oxidative stress in organs at a higher dose. These findings suggested that thoron inhalation could alter the redox state in organs; however, its characteristics were dependent on the total redox system of the organs as well as the thoron concentration and inhalation time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debajit Chaudhury
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Centre, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), University Road, Derlakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India
| | - Utsav Sen
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Centre, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), University Road, Derlakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India
| | - Siddhartha Biswas
- Department of Onco-Pathology, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), University Road, Derlakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India
| | - Sudheer Shenoy P
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Centre, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), University Road, Derlakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India.
| | - Bipasha Bose
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Centre, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), University Road, Derlakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India.
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17
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Verçosa BLA, Muniz-Junqueira MI, Barradas ALB, Costa FAL, Melo MN, Vasconcelos AC. Enhanced apoptotic index in hepatocytes, Kupffer cells, and inflammatory infiltrate showed positive correlation with hepatic lesion intensity, parasite load, and clinical status in naturally Leishmania-infected dogs. Microb Pathog 2023:106194. [PMID: 37269879 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
It is unknown if Leishmania amastigote infections affect hepatocytes and Kupffer cell apoptosis, and the role played by apoptosis in liver lesions in leishmaniasis is still unclear. Clinically affected and subclinically infected dogs with leishmaniosis and uninfected controls were assessed. Parasite load, biochemical markers for evaluation of liver damage, morphometry (area, perimeter, number of inflammatory focus, major and minor diameters), apoptosis in hepatic tissue (hepatocytes, Kupffer cells, and inflammatory infiltrates) and cellularity in inflammatory foci were quantified. The parasite load in clinically affected dogs proved to be higher than in the other groups. All morphometric parameters (area, perimeter, number of inflammatory focus, major and minor diameters) from clinically affected were higher than the values found in the subclinically infected and uninfected control dogs. Only clinically affected dogs presented high levels of ALT, FA, GGT and cholesterol in serum. Strong positive correlation was observed between biochemical markers for evaluation of liver damage (ALT, FA, GGT and cholesterol) and hepatic apoptosis (hepatocytes, Kupffer cells, and inflammation). Clinically affected dogs showed a more intense hepatic lesion. Hepatocytes showed a higher rate of apoptosis in Leishmania-infected dogs than in uninfected control dogs. The Kupffer cell apoptotic index and apoptosis within the inflammatory infiltrates were higher in clinically affected dogs. The apoptotic index evaluated in hepatocytes, Kupffer cells, and inflammatory infiltrates showed a positive correlation with the intensity of the hepatic lesion, parasite load, and clinical status. Apoptotic cells also showed positive immunostaining for TUNEL, Bcl2, and Bax. Our data showed that hepatic apoptosis was related to the severity of liver damage, the progression of infection, and the parasite load in leishmaniasis. Apoptotic regulated cell recruitment modulated the inflammatory response and favored the survival and dissemination of parasites, depending on the clinical status of the Leishmania-infected dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Laurice Araujo Verçosa
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Laboratório de Imunologia Celular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil; Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde Pitágoras de Codó, Maranhão, Brazil.
| | | | - Ana Lys Bezerra Barradas
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia veterinária, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Francisco Assis Lima Costa
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia veterinária, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Maria Norma Melo
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Anilton Cesar Vasconcelos
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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18
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Bae SJ, Lee WY, Bak SB, Kim YE, Kim MJ, Kim YW. Unraveling the Antioxidant Capacity of Spatholobi caulis in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Multiscale Network Approach Integrated with Experimental Validation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051097. [PMID: 37237962 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a global health problem that is closely associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome. Spatholobi caulis (SC) is a herbal medicine with potential hepatoprotective effects; however, its active compounds and underlying mechanisms have not been fully explored. In this study, we combined a multiscale network-level approach with experimental validation to investigate SC's antioxidant properties and their impact on NAFLD. Data collection and network construction were performed, and active compounds and key mechanisms were identified through multi-scale network analysis. Validation was conducted using in vitro steatotic hepatocyte models and in vivo high-fat diet-induced NAFLD models. Our findings revealed that SC treatment improved NAFLD by modulating multiple proteins and signaling pathways, including AMPK signaling pathways. Subsequent experiments showed that SC treatment reduced lipid accumulation and oxidative stress. We also validated SC's effects on AMPK and its crosstalk pathways, emphasizing their role in hepatoprotection. We predicted procyanidin B2 to be an active compound of SC and validated it using a lipogenesis in vitro model. Histological and biochemical analyses confirmed that SC ameliorated liver steatosis and inflammation in mice. This study presents SC's potential use in NAFLD treatment and introduces a novel approach for identifying and validating active compounds in herbal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jin Bae
- School of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeonju 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Yung Lee
- School of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeonju 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Been Bak
- School of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeonju 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Eun Kim
- School of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeonju 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jin Kim
- School of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeonju 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Woo Kim
- School of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeonju 38066, Republic of Korea
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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19
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Wang L, Ma Y, Li S, Lin W. Regulation of the alkyl chain of fluorescent probes to selectively target the cell membrane or mitochondria in living cells. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 290:122280. [PMID: 36586172 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.122280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The visualization of cell membrane and mitochondrial behavior in living cells is of great life science value, but challenging due to the lack of ideal probes. In this work, two novel fluorescent probes based on different lengths of alkyl chains were reported for selective targeting of cell membranes or mitochondria of living cells. The probe CTM (1-Octadecyl-4-[9-ethyl-6-(diphenylamino)-9H-carbazol-3-yl] pyridinium) achieved cell membrane-specific staining in cells. Moreover, the probe CTM could monitor cell membrane damage through subcellular migration. Once the cell membrane was damaged, the probe CTM migrated into the mitochondria as a signal reporter. In addition, the probe MTM (1-Dodecly-4-[9-ethyl-6-(diphenylamino)-9H-carbazol-3-yl] pyridinium) with the shorter alkyl chain bearing the same skeleton structure penetrated the cell membrane and exhibited high affinity to mitochondria. This work will provide a useful tool to visualize the behavior of cell membranes and mitochondria in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, PR China
| | - Yanyan Ma
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Monitoring Instrument Equipment Technology, National Engineering and Technological Research Center of Marine Monitoring Equipment, Institute of Oceanographic Instrumentation, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Qingdao, Shandong 266061, PR China
| | - Shifei Li
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, PR China
| | - Weiying Lin
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Institute of Optical Materials and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, PR China.
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20
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Bak SB, Song YR, Bae SJ, Lee WY, Kim YW. Integrative approach to uncover antioxidant properties of Bupleuri Radix and its active compounds: Multiscale interactome-level analysis with experimental validation. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 199:141-153. [PMID: 36841364 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Acute and chronic liver disease are global problems with high morbidity and mortality. Bupleuri Radix (BR) is an herbal medicine that has been prescribed empirically in traditional Asian medicine to modulate liver metabolism. However, its active compounds and therapeutic mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we integrated a network-based approach and experimental validation to elucidate BR's therapeutic potential in treating oxidative liver injury. Our approach incorporated data collection and network construction utilizing bioinformatics tools, and identified active compounds and key mechanisms based on the multiscale interactome. The proposed mechanisms were validated using an in vitro oxidative stress model and an in vivo carbon tetrachloride-induced model. We found that BR ameliorated the oxidative hepatic damage by acting on multiple proteins (STAT3, TNF, and BCL2) and signaling pathways (AMPK and Hippo signaling pathways). Subsequent in vitro experiments confirmed that BR significantly inhibited oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage. We further validated the effect of BR on the AMPK and Hippo-YAP pathways; a key mechanism for the antioxidant properties of BR. We prioritized the active compounds in BR based on a multiscale interactome-based approach, and further experiments revealed that saikosaponin A was a key active compound involved in hepatocyte protection (EC50 = 50 μM), similar to the result using metformin and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide. Histochemistry and blood biochemistry established that BR significantly inhibited carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative tissue damage in mice. Thus, BR can be used to develop novel therapeutics for oxidative liver injury. Moreover, we suggest a novel strategy to prioritize and validate the active compounds and key mechanisms of herbal medicine based on the multiscale interactome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Been Bak
- School of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeonju, 38066, South Korea
| | - Yu Rim Song
- School of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeonju, 38066, South Korea
| | - Su-Jin Bae
- School of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeonju, 38066, South Korea
| | - Won-Yung Lee
- School of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeonju, 38066, South Korea.
| | - Young Woo Kim
- School of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeonju, 38066, South Korea; Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea.
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21
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Wang Y, Li Z, Guo G, Xia Y. Liver Injury Traceability: Spatiotemporally Monitoring Oxidative Stress Processes by Unit-Emitting Carbon Dots. Anal Chem 2023; 95:2765-2773. [PMID: 36512489 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Exploring the etiology of liver injury is critical to fundamental science and precise treatment, which has not yet been achieved by molecule imaging techniques. Herein, we manage to conquer this challenge by spatiotemporally monitoring oxidative stress processes using the proposed unit-emitting carbon dots (UE-C-dots) as fluorescent probes. We discover and reveal that the UE-C-dots can specifically determine hypochlorous acid (HClO) molecules, one of the important reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) in liver injury, by an excited state oxidation mechanism. Other ROS/RNS do not interfere with the assay even if their concentrations are 1000 times higher than that of HClO due to the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital level mismatch. Real-time tomographic imaging demonstrates that different stimuli cause distinctly different HClO bursts in both temporal and spatial dimensionalities. Therefore, the measurement and analysis of temporal information substantially extend our understanding on the relationships of hepatic oxidative stress and corresponding physiological/pathological behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China.,College of Resources and Environment, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246133, China
| | - Zhibin Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Ge Guo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Yunsheng Xia
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
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22
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Karnas E, Dudek P, Zuba-Surma EK. Stem cell- derived extracellular vesicles as new tools in regenerative medicine - Immunomodulatory role and future perspectives. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1120175. [PMID: 36761725 PMCID: PMC9902918 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1120175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last few decades, the practical use of stem cells (SCs) in the clinic has attracted significant attention in the regenerative medicine due to the ability of these cells to proliferate and differentiate into other cell types. However, recent findings have demonstrated that the therapeutic capacity of SCs may also be mediated by their ability to secrete biologically active factors, including extracellular vesicles (EVs). Such submicron circular membrane-enveloped vesicles may be released from the cell surface and harbour bioactive cargo in the form of proteins, lipids, mRNA, miRNA, and other regulatory factors. Notably, growing evidence has indicated that EVs may transfer their bioactive content into recipient cells and greatly modulate their functional fate. Thus, they have been recently envisioned as a new class of paracrine factors in cell-to-cell communication. Importantly, EVs may modulate the activity of immune system, playing an important role in the regulation of inflammation, exhibiting broad spectrum of the immunomodulatory activity that promotes the transition from pro-inflammatory to pro-regenerative environment in the site of tissue injury. Consequently, growing interest is placed on attempts to utilize EVs in clinical applications of inflammatory-related dysfunctions as potential next-generation therapeutic factors, alternative to cell-based approaches. In this review we will discuss the current knowledge on the biological properties of SC-derived EVs, with special focus on their role in the regulation of inflammatory response. We will also address recent findings on the immunomodulatory and pro-regenerative activity of EVs in several disease models, including in vitro and in vivo preclinical, as well as clinical studies. Finally, we will highlight the current perspectives and future challenges of emerging EV-based therapeutic strategies of inflammation-related diseases treatment.
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Pomacu MM, Trașcă DM, Pădureanu V, Stănciulescu EC, Busuioc CJ, Pisoschi CG, Bugă AM. Correlations of Serum Vitamin D Level with Markers of Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Liver Cirrhosis. CURRENT HEALTH SCIENCES JOURNAL 2023; 49:54-66. [PMID: 37780191 PMCID: PMC10541071 DOI: 10.12865/chsj.49.01.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study we investigated the relationship between vitamin D and markers of oxidative stress and apoptosis in patients with liver cirrhosis stratified according serum GGT activity. Forty-eight patients with liver cirrhosis of various aetiology were selected, among which 58% cases (n=28) diagnosed with alcoholic liver cirrhosis and 42% (n=20) with cirrhosis after hepatitis virus infection. Each group was divided into three quartiles according GGT activity. 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25-(HO) vit D], markers of oxidative stress (catalase, superoxide dismutase) and apoptosis (M30) were compared. Higher levels of GGT were correlated with elevated AST, ALT and ALP values in both groups. A statistically significant difference was observed when comparing 25-(OH) vit D levels of patients suffering from ethanol-induced liver cirrhosis versus control group for all the quartiles as well as for those from the first quartile of viral-induced liver cirrhosis. For SOD, statistically significant differences were noticed between all cirrhosis subgroups and the control group. CAT values in all cirrhosis subgroups were lower than in control, but significant differences were only between Q2.2 and Q1.3 quartiles and Q2.2 and control. Correlation of 25-(OH) vit D versus SOD yields statistically significant results in ethanol-induced cirrhosis patients. M30 activity was increased in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis compared to controls and those with virus-induced cirrhosis, being correlated with the degree of GGT activity. Our results emphasized that vitamin D deficiency is associated with enhanced liver dysfunction regardless of the trigger responsible for disease onset. Furthermore, vitamin D deficiency augments liver injury by promoting oxidative stress which influence the survival mechanisms of parenchymal liver cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihnea Marian Pomacu
- PhD Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova
- 4thDepartment of Medical Specialties, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova
- 1st Clinic of Internal Medicine, "Filantropia" Clinical City Hospital of Craiova
| | - Diana Maria Trașcă
- 4thDepartment of Medical Specialties, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova
- 1st Clinic of Internal Medicine, "Filantropia" Clinical City Hospital of Craiova
| | - Vlad Pădureanu
- 4thDepartment of Medical Specialties, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova
- 2nd Clinic of Internal Medicine, Emergency County Hospital of Craiova
| | | | | | | | - Ana Maria Bugă
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova
- Regional Center for Medical Genetics Dolj, Emergency County Hospital of Craiova
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Qu B, Liu X, Liang Y, Zheng K, Zhang C, Lu L. Salidroside in the Treatment of NAFLD/NASH. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202200401. [PMID: 36210339 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the commonest reason for chronic liver diseases in the world and is commonly related to the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a deteriorating form of NAFLD, which can eventually develop into fibrosis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. The reason for NAFLD/NASH development is complicated, such as liver lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, inflammatory response, apoptosis and autophagy, liver fibrosis and gut microbiota. Apart from bariatric surgery and lifestyle changes, officially approved drug therapy for NAFLD/NASH treatment is lacking. Salidroside (SDS) is a phenolic compound extensively distributed in the tubers of Rhodiola plants, which possesses many significant biological activities. This review summarized the related targets regulated by SDS in treating NAFLD/NASH. It is indicated that SDS could improve the status of NAFLD/NASH by ameliorating abnormal lipid metabolism, inhibiting oxidative stress, regulating apoptosis and autophagy, reducing inflammatory response, alleviating fibrosis and regulating gut microbiota. In conclusion, although the multiple bioactivities of SDS have been confirmed, the clinical data are inadequate and need to become the focus of attention in the later study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baozhen Qu
- Qingdao Cancer Prevention and Treatment Research Institute, Qingdao Central Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University, 127 Siliunan Road, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Xuemao Liu
- Qingdao Cancer Prevention and Treatment Research Institute, Qingdao Central Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University, 127 Siliunan Road, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Yanjiao Liang
- Department of Oncology Center, Qingdao Central Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Keke Zheng
- Department of Oncology Center, Qingdao Central Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Chunling Zhang
- Qingdao Cancer Prevention and Treatment Research Institute, Qingdao Central Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University, 127 Siliunan Road, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Linlin Lu
- Qingdao Cancer Prevention and Treatment Research Institute, Qingdao Central Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University, 127 Siliunan Road, Qingdao, 266042, China
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Chen L, Zhen X, Jiang X. Activatable Optical Probes for Fluorescence and Photoacoustic Imaging of Drug‐Induced Liver Injury. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202200097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Linrong Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology and Department of Polymer Science & Engineering School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 P.R. China
| | - Xu Zhen
- MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology and Department of Polymer Science & Engineering School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 P.R. China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 P.R. China
| | - Xiqun Jiang
- MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology and Department of Polymer Science & Engineering School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 P.R. China
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26
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Role of Oxidative Stress in Liver Disorders. LIVERS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/livers2040023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygen is vital for life as it is required for many different enzymatic reactions involved in intermediate metabolism and xenobiotic biotransformation. Moreover, oxygen consumption in the electron transport chain of mitochondria is used to drive the synthesis of ATP to meet the energetic demands of cells. However, toxic free radicals are generated as byproducts of molecular oxygen consumption. Oxidative stress ensues not only when the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) exceeds the endogenous antioxidant defense mechanism of cells, but it can also occur as a consequence of an unbalance between antioxidant strategies. Given the important role of hepatocytes in the biotransformation and metabolism of xenobiotics, ROS production represents a critical event in liver physiology, and increasing evidence suggests that oxidative stress contributes to the development of many liver diseases. The present review, which is part of the special issue “Oxidant stress in Liver Diseases”, aims to provide an overview of the sources and targets of ROS in different liver diseases and highlights the pivotal role of oxidative stress in cell death. In addition, current antioxidant therapies as treatment options for such disorders and their limitations for future trial design are discussed.
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27
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Advance of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Chronic End-Stage Liver Disease Control. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:1526217. [PMID: 36248254 PMCID: PMC9568364 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1526217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The chronic liver diseases will slowly develop into liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and even liver cancer if no proper control is performed with high efficiency. Up to now, the most effective treatment for end-stage liver diseases is liver transplantation. However, liver transplantation has the problems of donor deficiency, low matching rate, surgical complications, high cost, and immune rejection. These problems indicate that novel therapeutic strategies are urgently required. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are somatic stem cells with multidirectional differentiation potential and self-renewal ability. MSCs can secrete a large number of cytokines, chemokines, immunomodulatory molecules, and hepatotrophic factors, as well as produce extracellular vesicles. They alleviate liver diseases by differentiating to hepatocyte-like cells, immunomodulation, homing to the injured site, regulating cell ferroptosis, regulating cell autophagy, paracrine effects, and MSC-mitochondrial transfer. In this review, we focus on the main resources of MSCs, underlying therapeutic mechanisms, clinical applications, and efforts made to improve MSC-based cell therapy efficiency.
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Munakarmi S, Gurau Y, Shrestha J, Risal P, Park HS, Shin HB, Jeong YJ. Hepatoprotective Effects of a Natural Flavanol 3,3'-Diindolylmethane against CCl 4-Induced Chronic Liver Injury in Mice and TGFβ1-Induced EMT in Mouse Hepatocytes via Activation of Nrf2 Cascade. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911407. [PMID: 36232707 PMCID: PMC9569868 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis is a form of irregular wound-healing response with acute and chronic injury triggered by the deposition of excessive extracellular matrix. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a dynamic process that plays a crucial role in the fibrogenic response and pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. In the present study, we postulated a protective role of 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM) against TGF-β1 mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in vitro and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis in mice. TGF-β1-induced AML-12 hepatocyte injury was evaluated by monitoring cell morphology, measuring reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential, and quantifying apoptosis, inflammatory, and EMT-related proteins. Furthermore, CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in mice was evaluated by performing liver function tests, including serum ALT and AST, total bilirubin, and albumin to assess liver injury and by performing H&E and Sirius red staining to determine the degree of liver fibrosis. Immunoblotting was performed to determine the expression levels of inflammation, apoptosis, and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling-related proteins. DIM treatment significantly restored TGF-β1-induced morphological changes, inhibited the expression of mesenchymal markers by activating E-cadherin, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, reduced ROS intensity, and upregulated levels of Nrf2-responsive antioxidant genes. In the mouse model of CCl4-induced liver fibrosis, DIM remarkably attenuated liver injury and liver fibrosis, as reflected by the reduced ALT and AST parameters with increased serum Alb activity and fewer lesions in H&E staining. It also mitigated the fibrosis area in Sirius red and Masson staining. Taken together, our results suggest a possible molecular mechanism of DIM by suppressing TGF-β1-induced EMT in mouse hepatocytes and CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvesh Munakarmi
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea
| | - Yamuna Gurau
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea
| | - Juna Shrestha
- Alka Hospital Private Limited, Jwalakhel, Kathmandu 446010, Nepal
| | - Prabodh Risal
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel 45200, Nepal
| | - Ho Sung Park
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea
- Department of Pathology, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea
| | - Hyun Beak Shin
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea
- Department of Surgery, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea
| | - Yeon Jun Jeong
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea
- Department of Surgery, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea
- Correspondence:
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29
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Rieg CEH, Cattani D, Naspolini NF, Cenci VH, de Liz Oliveira Cavalli VL, Jacques AV, Nascimento MVPDS, Dalmarco EM, De Moraes ACR, Santos-Silva MC, Silva FRMB, Parisotto EB, Zamoner A. Perinatal exposure to a glyphosate pesticide formulation induces offspring liver damage. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 454:116245. [PMID: 36116562 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of perinatal exposure to glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH) in offspring's liver. Pregnant Wistar rats were exposed to GBH (70 mg glyphosate/Kg body weight/day) in drinking water from gestation day 5 to postnatal day 15. The perinatal exposure to GBH increased 45Ca2+ influx in offspring's liver. Pharmacological tools indicated a role played by oxidative stress, phospholipase C (PLC) and Akt pathways, as well as voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel modulation on GBH-induced Ca2+ influx in offspring's liver. In addition, changes in the enzymatic antioxidant defense system, decreased GSH content, lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation suggest a connection between GBH-induced hepatotoxic mechanism and redox imbalance. The perinatal exposure to GBH also increased the enzymatic activities of transaminases and gamma-glutamyl transferase in offspring's liver and blood, suggesting a pesticide-induced liver injury. Moreover, we detected increased iron levels in liver, blood and bone marrow of GBH-exposed rats, which were accompanied by increased transferrin saturation and decreased transferrin levels in blood. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were increased in the liver of rats perinatally exposed to GBH, which were associated with. Increased phospho-p65NFκB immunocontent. Therefore, we propose that excessive amounts of iron in offspring's liver, blood and bone marrow induced by perinatal exposure to GBH may account for iron-driven hepatotoxicity, which was associated with Ca2+ influx, oxidative damage and inflammation. Further studies will clarify whether these events can ultimately impact on liver function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Elise Heinz Rieg
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Daiane Cattani
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Ferrazzo Naspolini
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Vitoria Hayduck Cenci
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Amanda Virtuoso Jacques
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo Monguilhott Dalmarco
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Rabello De Moraes
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Maria Cláudia Santos-Silva
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Fátima Regina Mena Barreto Silva
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Benedetti Parisotto
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Ariane Zamoner
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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30
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Shaaban HH, Alzaim I, El-Mallah A, Aly RG, El-Yazbi AF, Wahid A. Metformin, pioglitazone, dapagliflozin and their combinations ameliorate manifestations associated with NAFLD in rats via anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic mechanisms. Life Sci 2022; 308:120956. [PMID: 36103959 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an important health threat that is strongly linked to components of metabolic syndrome, particularly the low-grade inflammatory changes. Significantly, several of the available anti-diabetic drug classes demonstrate a considerable anti-inflammatory effect, and hence might be of benefit for NAFLD patients. In this study, we used a rat model of diet-induced NAFLD to examine the potential effect of metformin, pioglitazone, dapagliflozin and their combinations on NAFLD manifestations. Rats were fed an atherogenic diet containing 1.25 % cholesterol, 0.5 % cholic acid and 60 % cocoa butter for 6 weeks causing a number of metabolic and hepatic alterations including insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, systemic inflammation, increased hepatic oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, hepatic steatosis, lobular inflammation, as well as increased markers of liver inflammation and hepatocyte apoptosis. Drug treatment, which started at the third week of NAFLD induction and continued for three weeks, not only ameliorated the observed metabolic impairment, but also functional and structural manifestations of NAFLD. Specifically, anti-diabetic drug treatment reversed markers of systemic and hepatic inflammation, oxidative stress, hepatic fibrosis, and hepatocyte apoptosis. Our findings propose that anti-diabetic drugs with a potential anti-inflammatory effect can ameliorate the manifestations of NAFLD, and thus may provide a therapeutic option for such a condition that is closely associated with metabolic diseases. The detailed pharmacology of these classes in aspects linked to the observed impact on NAFLD requires to be further investigated and translated into clinical studies for tailored therapy specifically targeting NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hager H Shaaban
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Egypt.
| | - Ibrahim Alzaim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine the American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ahmed El-Mallah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Rania G Aly
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Ahmed F El-Yazbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Alamein International University, Alamein, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Wahid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
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Hydrophobic Bile Salts Induce Pro-Fibrogenic Proliferation of Hepatic Stellate Cells through PI3K p110 Alpha Signaling. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152344. [PMID: 35954188 PMCID: PMC9367387 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile salts accumulating during cholestatic liver disease are believed to promote liver fibrosis. We have recently shown that chenodeoxycholate (CDC) induces expansion of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in vivo, thereby promoting liver fibrosis. Mechanisms underlying bile salt-induced fibrogenesis remain elusive. We aimed to characterize the effects of different bile salts on HSC biology and investigated underlying signaling pathways. Murine HSCs (mHSCs) were stimulated with hydrophilic and hydrophobic bile salts. Proliferation, cell mass, collagen deposition, and activation of signaling pathways were determined. Activation of the human HSC cell line LX 2 was assessed by quantification of α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) expression. Phosphatidyl-inositol-3-kinase (PI3K)-dependent signaling was inhibited both pharmacologically and by siRNA. CDC, the most abundant bile salt accumulating in human cholestasis, but no other bile salt tested, induced Protein kinase B (PKB) phosphorylation and promoted HSC proliferation and subsequent collagen deposition. Pharmacological inhibition of the upstream target PI3K-inhibited activation of PKB and pro-fibrogenic proliferation of HSCs. The PI3K p110α-specific inhibitor Alpelisib and siRNA-mediated knockdown of p110α ameliorated pro-fibrogenic activation of mHSC and LX 2 cells, respectively. In summary, pro-fibrogenic signaling in mHSCs is selectively induced by CDC. PI3K p110α may be a potential therapeutic target for the inhibition of bile salt-induced fibrogenesis in cholestasis.
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32
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Sharma M, Jha IP, Chawla S, Pandey N, Chandra O, Mishra S, Kumar V. Associating pathways with diseases using single-cell expression profiles and making inferences about potential drugs. Brief Bioinform 2022; 23:6623725. [PMID: 35772850 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbac241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Finding direct dependencies between genetic pathways and diseases has been the target of multiple studies as it has many applications. However, due to cellular heterogeneity and limitations of the number of samples for bulk expression profiles, such studies have faced hurdles in the past. Here, we propose a method to perform single-cell expression-based inference of association between pathway, disease and cell-type (sci-PDC), which can help to understand their cause and effect and guide precision therapy. Our approach highlighted reliable relationships between a few diseases and pathways. Using the example of diabetes, we have demonstrated how sci-PDC helps in tracking variation of association between pathways and diseases with changes in age and species. The variation in pathways-disease associations in mice and humans revealed critical facts about the suitability of the mouse model for a few pathways in the context of diabetes. The coherence between results from our method and previous reports, including information about the drug target pathways, highlights its reliability for multidimensional utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Sharma
- Department of computational biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, Okhla Ph-III, New Delhi
| | - Indra Prakash Jha
- Department of computational biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, Okhla Ph-III, New Delhi
| | - Smriti Chawla
- Department of computational biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, Okhla Ph-III, New Delhi
| | - Neetesh Pandey
- Department of computational biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, Okhla Ph-III, New Delhi
| | - Omkar Chandra
- Department of computational biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, Okhla Ph-III, New Delhi
| | - Shreya Mishra
- Department of computational biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, Okhla Ph-III, New Delhi
| | - Vibhor Kumar
- Department of computational biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, Okhla Ph-III, New Delhi
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33
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Ma B, Xing T, Li J, Zhang L, Jiang Y, Gao F. Chronic heat stress causes liver damage via endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis in broilers. Poult Sci 2022; 101:102063. [PMID: 36049294 PMCID: PMC9445382 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver is a central metabolic organ, which is sensitive to heat stress. Liver damage affects animals' health and endangers the livestock and poultry industry. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of chronic heat stress-induced liver damage in broiler chickens. Broilers were divided into 3 treatments: normal control group (NOR, 22°C), heat stress group (HS, 32°C) and pair-feeding group (PF, 22°C) for a 7-d and 14-d trial. The results showed that 7 d heat exposure caused microvesicular steatosis and reduced glutamine synthetase activity in broiler liver (P < 0.05). After 14 d of heat exposure, heat stress caused vacuolar degeneration and apoptosis in the liver; elevated liver relative weight and liver glutaminase activity as well as plasma ammonia level (P < 0.05). Additionally, heat stress enhanced GRP78 protein expression and the mRNA expressions of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress responses genes and apoptosis-related genes in broiler liver after 14 d of heat exposure (P < 0.05). In conclusion, chronic heat stress triggered ER stress-induced apoptosis and caused liver damage, which may compromise ammonia detoxification in broiler liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - Tong Xing
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - Jiaolong Li
- Institute of Agri-Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, P.R. China
| | - Lin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - Yun Jiang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Feng Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China.
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Factors Involved in the Apoptotic Cell Death Mechanism in Yellow Fever Hepatitis. Viruses 2022; 14:v14061204. [PMID: 35746675 PMCID: PMC9227230 DOI: 10.3390/v14061204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Yellow fever (YF), a non-contagious infectious disease, is endemic or enzootic to the tropical regions of the Americas and Africa. Periodic outbreaks or epidemics have a significant impact on public health. Programmed cell death, or apoptosis, is generally characterised by distinct morphological changes and energy-dependent biochemical pathways. In this study, we performed immunohistochemistry analysis to identify and quantify proteases and protein targets involved in the cascade that triggers apoptosis in YF virus (YFV)-infected human hepatocytes. Liver tissue samples were collected from 26 individuals, among whom 21 were diagnosed as YF-positive, and five were flavivirus-negative and died due to other causes. The histopathological alterations in YFV-positive cases were characterised by the presence of apoptotic bodies, steatosis, cellular swelling, and extensive necrosis and haemorrhage in the hepatic lobules. Additionally, we observed an abundance of inflammatory infiltrates in the portal tract. The expression of various apoptotic markers in the hepatic parenchyma, including CASPASE 3, CASPASE 8, BAX, FAS, FASL, GRANZYME B, and SURVIVIN, differed between YFV-positive cases and controls. Collectively, this study confirmed the complexity of YFV infection-induced apoptosis in situ. However, our data suggest that apoptosis in liver parenchyma lesions may significantly contribute to the pathogenesis of fatal YF in humans.
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Shan S, Liu Z, Wang S, Liu Z, Huang Z, Yang Y, Zhang C, Song F. Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission promotes carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic fibrogenesis in mice. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2022; 11:486-497. [PMID: 35782650 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfac027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Mitochondrial dynamics is essential for the maintenance of healthy mitochondrial network. Emerging evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction is closely linked to the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrogenesis following chronic liver injury. However, the role of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1)-mediated mitochondrial fission in the context of liver fibrosis remains unclear.
Methods and Results
In this study, C57BL/6 mice were used to establish a model of liver fibrosis via oral gavage with CCl4 treatment for 8 weeks. Furthermore, mitochondrial fission intervention experiments were achieved by the mitochondrial division inhibitor 1 (Mdivi-1). The results demonstrated that chronic CCl4 exposure resulted in severe hepatic fibrogenesis and mitochondrial damage. By contrast, pharmacological inhibition of mitochondrial division by Mdivi-1 substantially reduced the changes of mitochondrial dynamics and finally prevented the deposition of extracellular matrix proteins. Mechanistically, excessive mitochondrial fission may activate hepatic stellate cells through RIPK1-MLKL-dependent hepatocyte death, which ultimately promotes liver fibrosis.
Conclusion
Our study imply that inhibiting Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission attenuates CCl4-induced liver fibrosis and may serve as a therapeutic target for retarding progression of chronic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Shan
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Zhidan Liu
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Zhaoxiong Liu
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Zhengcheng Huang
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Yiyu Yang
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Cuiqin Zhang
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Fuyong Song
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
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Manzoor R, Ahmed W, Afify N, Memon M, Yasin M, Memon H, Rustom M, Al Akeel M, Alhajri N. Trust Your Gut: The Association of Gut Microbiota and Liver Disease. Microorganisms 2022; 10:1045. [PMID: 35630487 PMCID: PMC9146349 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10051045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota composition is important for nutrient metabolism, mucosal barrier function, immunomodulation, and defense against pathogens. Alterations in the gut microbiome can disturb the gut ecosystem. These changes may lead to the loss of beneficial bacteria or an increase in potentially pathogenic bacteria. Furthermore, these have been shown to contribute to the pathophysiology of gastrointestinal and extra-intestinal diseases. Pathologies of the liver, such as non-alcoholic liver disease, alcoholic liver disease, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, autoimmune hepatitis, viral hepatitis, and primary sclerosing cholangitis have all been linked to changes in the gut microbiome composition. There is substantial evidence that links gut dysbiosis to the progression and complications of these pathologies. This review article aimed to describe the changes seen in the gut microbiome in liver diseases and the association between gut dysbiosis and liver disease, and finally, explore treatment options that may improve gut dysbiosis in patients with liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ridda Manzoor
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates; (R.M.); (W.A.); (N.A.); (M.M.); (M.Y.); (H.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Weshah Ahmed
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates; (R.M.); (W.A.); (N.A.); (M.M.); (M.Y.); (H.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Nariman Afify
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates; (R.M.); (W.A.); (N.A.); (M.M.); (M.Y.); (H.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Mashal Memon
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates; (R.M.); (W.A.); (N.A.); (M.M.); (M.Y.); (H.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Maryam Yasin
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates; (R.M.); (W.A.); (N.A.); (M.M.); (M.Y.); (H.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Hamda Memon
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates; (R.M.); (W.A.); (N.A.); (M.M.); (M.Y.); (H.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Mohammad Rustom
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates; (R.M.); (W.A.); (N.A.); (M.M.); (M.Y.); (H.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Mohannad Al Akeel
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Health, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 5674, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Noora Alhajri
- Department of Medicine, Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City (SSMC), Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 11001, United Arab Emirates
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Nwaechefu OO, Olaolu TD, Akinwunmi IR, Ojezele OO, Olorunsogo OO. Cajanus cajan ameliorated CCl 4-induced oxidative stress in Wistar rats via the combined mechanisms of anti-inflammation and mitochondrial-membrane transition pore inhibition. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 289:114920. [PMID: 35032580 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Liver diseases is a public health issue in sub-saharan Africa and has been reported to be the major cause of many hospital admissions. Oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation play important roles in several diseases including liver injury. Cajanus cajan is an indigenous medicinal plant useful in the traditional treatment of jaundice, inflammation and liver injury. AIM OF STUDY This study assessed the effects of methanol extract Cajanus cajan (MECC) on mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT) pore opening, biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation in CCl4-induced liver injury in rats. METHODS Wistar albino rats (200-210g) were completely randomized into five (5) groups of six animals each. Group I (control) was given distilled water orally once daily. Animals in group II were administered CCl4 in parafin (1:1) at a dose of 0.5 mL/kg i.p on the seventh day. Animals in groups III, IV and V were administered methanol extract of Cajanus cajan (MECC) at doses of 100, 200 mg/kg and silymarin (100 mg/kg) respectively for 7 days prior to a single intraperitoneal dose of CCl4. After 24 h of CCl4 treatment, serum and liver tissues were collected. Mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT) pore opening, mitochondrial ATPase activities and biomarkers of oxidative stress were determined spectrophotometrically. Tumor necrosis factor (TNFα), NF-κB and COX-2 were determined by immunohistochemistry and the phytochemicals present in the extract were determined by GC-MS. RESULTS Liver enzyme (AST, ALP, ALT and γGT) activities and MDA levels were significantly decreased in rats pretreated with MECC at the dose of 100, 200 and silymarin (100 mg/kg) when compared to the rats administered CCl4 alone (p < 0.05). GSH, GST, CAT and SOD increased and the expressions of TNFα, NF-κB and COX- 2 were also reduced when compared to the CCl4- treated animals. In addition, the liver histopathological analyses revealed that MECC markedly alleviated inflammatory cell infiltration, hepatic fibrosis, hepatocyte ballooning, necrosis and severe apoptosis of hepatocytes induced by CCl4. GC-MS analysis yielded 23 compounds including flavonoids, terpenoids and fatty acids. CONCLUSION Cajanus cajan leaf extract elicited hepatoprotective action on CCl4-induced liver injury via inhibition of mPT pore opening, prevention of CCl4-induced hepatic oxidative stress and suppression of inflammatory response thus it may become useful for chemoprevention of liver injury. This supports its traditional use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olajumoke Olufunlayo Nwaechefu
- Laboratories for Biomembrane Research and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, Lead City University, Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | - Tomilola Debby Olaolu
- Laboratories for Biomembrane Research and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, Landmark University, Omu-aran, Nigeria
| | - Ifeoluwa Racheal Akinwunmi
- Laboratories for Biomembrane Research and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, University of Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Omotunde Oluwaseyi Ojezele
- Laboratories for Biomembrane Research and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olufunso Olabode Olorunsogo
- Laboratories for Biomembrane Research and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
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Biological Evaluation of Garcinia kola Heckel. Adv Pharmacol Pharm Sci 2022; 2022:3837965. [PMID: 35528115 PMCID: PMC9071884 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3837965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Garcinia kola belongs to the Garcinia genus of the Clusiaceae family and Malpighiales order. It contains more than 180 members all over the globe. It is found all over Asia and in tropical African countries. In Africa, traditionally, G kola is used to manage and treat cancer, diabetes, malaria, analgesics, hypertension, and other numerous ailments. This review aimed to comprehensively update relevant information regarding the pharmacological potential of Garcinia kola. Electronic databases such as ScienceDirect, PubMed, Wiley, Google Scholar, Hindawi, and Springer extracted valuable information from original scientific research papers. Inclusion Criteria. Antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antibacterial, medications, antiviral, traditional medicine, ethnopharmacology, toxicity, cytotoxic action, chemical composition, mineral elements, GCMS analysis, and any other related phrases were used as filters to find studies. Exclusion Criteria. Data from questionable online sources, as well as thesis reports and review publications, were excluded from this investigation. The investigation revealed that seeds of G. kola are very efficient as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antihypertension, antianalgesic, and anti-inflammatory. The study also found that too much consumption of the seeds caused low fertility and toxicity. However, the safety and efficacy of G. kola have not been wholly assessed in humans, and further well-designed clinical trials are needed to corroborate preclinical findings. The mechanism of action of the seed extract should be examined. The standard dose and safety of the seed should be established.
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Liu C, Wang Z, Wang W, Zheng L, Li M. Positive effects of selenium supplementation on selenoprotein S expression and cytokine status in a murine model of acute liver injury. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2022; 71:126927. [PMID: 35030482 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.126927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is a consensus that selenomethionine (SeMet) can protect liver from damage, but the immune mechanism of SeMet in acute liver injury (ALI) is still unclear. This study aims to investigate the protective effects of SeMet against ALI and to elucidate the possible immune mechanism. METHODS Firstly, the role of SeMet in CCl4-induced ALI mice was investigated through survival rate, serum ALT and AST, liver necrosis and apoptosis analysis. The expression and secretion of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the liver and serum of CCl4-induced ALI mice were analyzed by qRT-PCR and ELISA. Then the immune cell phenotypes were analyzed by flow cytometry and confocal imaging. In addition, MDSCs depletion, CXCL12/CXCR4 axis blocking and selenoprotein S (SELENOS) knockdown assays were used to reveal the immune mechanism of SeMet. RESULTS We found that SeMet prolonged survival rate, decreased the serum ALT and AST, alleviated liver necrosis and inhibited hepatocytes apoptosis. Prospective, SeMet decreased the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α, and increased the expression of IL-10. Interestingly, SeMet decreased the expression of MCP-1, while increased the expression of CXCL12. The immune analysis showed that SeMet decreased the activation of T cells through promoting MDSCs accumulation mediated by CXCL12/CXCR4 axis. Furthermore, SeMet increased SELENOS expression in vivo, and knockdown of SELENOS effectively abolished the protective effect of SeMet during ALI. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that SeMet alleviates CCl4-induced ALI by promoting MDSCs accumulation through SELENOS mediated CXCL12/CXCR4 axis. Therefore, our study infers that selenium intake may be as a new therapeutic option for management of inflammation-mediated liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunliang Liu
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, National Clinical Research Center for Hematological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Zerong Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Infectious Disease Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Infectious Disease Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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Chaudhury D, Sen U, Sahoo BK, Bhat NN, Kumara K S, Karunakara N, Biswas S, Shenoy P S, Bose B. Thorium promotes lung, liver and kidney damage in BALB/c mouse via alterations in antioxidant systems. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 363:109977. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.109977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Ye C, Li W, Li L, Zhang K. Glucocorticoid Treatment Strategies in Liver Failure. Front Immunol 2022; 13:846091. [PMID: 35371046 PMCID: PMC8965693 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.846091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver failure is characterized by serious liver decompensation and high mortality. The activation of systemic immune responses and systemic inflammation are widely accepted as the core pathogenesis of liver failure. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are most regularly utilized to suppress excessive inflammatory reactions and immunological responses. GCs have been used in the clinical treatment of liver failure for nearly 60 years. While there has been no unanimity on the feasibility and application of GC treatment in liver failure until recently. The most recent trials have produced conflicting results when it comes to the dose and time for GC therapy of different etiology of liver failure. Our review outlines the issues and options in managing GC treatment in liver failure based on an investigation of the molecular mechanism that GC may give in the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Wenyuan Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Kaiguang Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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Characterization and Roles of Membrane Lipids in Fatty Liver Disease. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12040410. [PMID: 35448380 PMCID: PMC9025760 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12040410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity has reached global epidemic proportions and it affects the development of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, fatty liver disease and other metabolic diseases. Membrane lipids are important structural and signaling components of the cell membrane. Recent studies highlight their importance in lipid homeostasis and are implicated in the pathogenesis of fatty liver disease. Here, we discuss the numerous membrane lipid species and their metabolites including, phospholipids, sphingolipids and cholesterol, and how dysregulation of their composition and physiology contribute to the development of fatty liver disease. The development of new genetic and pharmacological mouse models has shed light on the role of lipid species on various mechanisms/pathways; these lipids impact many aspects of the pathophysiology of fatty liver disease and could potentially be targeted for the treatment of fatty liver disease.
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Mihajlovic M, Vinken M. Mitochondria as the Target of Hepatotoxicity and Drug-Induced Liver Injury: Molecular Mechanisms and Detection Methods. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063315. [PMID: 35328737 PMCID: PMC8951158 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the major mechanisms of drug-induced liver injury includes mitochondrial perturbation and dysfunction. This is not a surprise, given that mitochondria are essential organelles in most cells, which are responsible for energy homeostasis and the regulation of cellular metabolism. Drug-induced mitochondrial dysfunction can be influenced by various factors and conditions, such as genetic predisposition, the presence of metabolic disorders and obesity, viral infections, as well as drugs. Despite the fact that many methods have been developed for studying mitochondrial function, there is still a need for advanced and integrative models and approaches more closely resembling liver physiology, which would take into account predisposing factors. This could reduce the costs of drug development by the early prediction of potential mitochondrial toxicity during pre-clinical tests and, especially, prevent serious complications observed in clinical settings.
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Ni X, Wu X, Zhu XX, Li JH, Yin XY, Lu L. Carabin Deficiency Aggravates Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Through Promoting Neutrophil Trafficking via Ras and Calcineurin Signaling. Front Immunol 2022; 13:773291. [PMID: 35265067 PMCID: PMC8898835 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.773291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil infiltration plays an important role in the initial phase of hepatic ischemia and reperfusion injury (HIRI). Despite many different key molecules that have been reported to meditate neutrophil trafficking in HIRI, the mechanism of this process has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we found that Carabin deficiency in myeloid cells (LysMCre : Carabinfl/fl) aggravated IRI-induced hepatic injury and apoptosis through increasing the infiltration of CD11b+Ly6G+ neutrophils. ImmGen Datasets further revealed that Carabin was expressed in bone marrow neutrophils (GM.BM) but was significantly downregulated in thio-induced peripheral neutrophils (GN.Thio.PC), which was consistently verified by comparing GM.BM and liver-infiltrating neutrophils induced by IRI. Mechanistically, up-regulation of Carabin in GM.BM in vitro reduced the expression levels of P-selectin, E-selectin, and αvβ3 integrin through inhibiting Ras-ERK and Calcineurin-NFAT signaling. Furthermore, blocking P-selectin, E-selectin, and αvβ3 integrin in LysMCre : Carabinfl/fl mice decreased the frequency and number of CD11b+Ly6G+ neutrophils and reversed hepatic ischemia−reperfusion damage. In conclusion, our results provide a new understanding of Carabin, such that it is expressed and functions not only in adaptive immune cells (T and B cells) but also in innate immune cells (neutrophils), contributing to the migration of neutrophils. These findings provide novel and promising therapeutic targets for the prevention of HIRI during liver transplantation or hepatic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhao Ni
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Wu
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Xu Zhu
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Hui Li
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Yin
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao-Yu Yin, ; Ling Lu,
| | - Ling Lu
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao-Yu Yin, ; Ling Lu,
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Bekkouch O, Dalli M, Harnafi M, Touiss I, Mokhtari I, Assri SE, Harnafi H, Choukri M, Ko SJ, Kim B, Amrani S. Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe), Lemon (Citrus limon L.) Juices as Preventive Agents from Chronic Liver Damage Induced by CCl4: A Biochemical and Histological Study. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020390. [PMID: 35204272 PMCID: PMC8869411 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Zingiber officinale Roscoe and Citrus limon L. are well known for their multi-use and for their pharmacological effect in the treatment of many illnesses. This study aims to investigate the chemical composition of the ginger and lemon juice extracts and in addition, to evaluate their antioxidant properties and their hepatoprotective effect against the liver damage of Wistar rats induced by the injection of CCl4 to treated animals. The obtained effects were completed by a histological study for better confirmation of the registered pharmacological effects. The ginger juice extract was found to be rich in 4-gingerol, 6-gingediol, and 6-gingerol, while the lemon juice extract chemical composition was highlighted by the presence of eriodyctiol, rutin, hesperidin, and isorhamnetin. Concerning the antioxidant activity, the ginger, lemon juice extracts, and their formulation showed an important antioxidant potential using TAC (total antioxidant capacity), an antiradical activity against the radical DPPH• (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil), and a ferric reducing power. Finally, the ginger, lemon, and their formulation at different doses were able to prevent CCl4 induced liver damage. Indeed, these different bioactive compounds could be used as alternative agents for the treatment of chronic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oussama Bekkouch
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Oujda 60000, Morocco; (M.H.); (I.T.); (I.M.); (H.H.); (S.A.)
- Correspondence: (O.B.); (M.D.); (B.K.)
| | - Mohammed Dalli
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Oujda 60000, Morocco; (M.H.); (I.T.); (I.M.); (H.H.); (S.A.)
- Correspondence: (O.B.); (M.D.); (B.K.)
| | - Mohamed Harnafi
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Oujda 60000, Morocco; (M.H.); (I.T.); (I.M.); (H.H.); (S.A.)
| | - Ilham Touiss
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Oujda 60000, Morocco; (M.H.); (I.T.); (I.M.); (H.H.); (S.A.)
| | - Imane Mokhtari
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Oujda 60000, Morocco; (M.H.); (I.T.); (I.M.); (H.H.); (S.A.)
| | - Soufiane El Assri
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, University Hospital Center Mohammed VI, BP 4806, Oujda 60000, Morocco; (S.E.A.); (M.C.)
| | - Hicham Harnafi
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Oujda 60000, Morocco; (M.H.); (I.T.); (I.M.); (H.H.); (S.A.)
| | - Mohammed Choukri
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, University Hospital Center Mohammed VI, BP 4806, Oujda 60000, Morocco; (S.E.A.); (M.C.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed First University, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Seok-Jae Ko
- Department of Gastroenterology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - Bonglee Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Correspondence: (O.B.); (M.D.); (B.K.)
| | - Souliman Amrani
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Oujda 60000, Morocco; (M.H.); (I.T.); (I.M.); (H.H.); (S.A.)
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SHORT COMMUNICATION: DAMAGE TO THE HISTOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF MICE LIVER (Mus musculus) DUE TO EXCESSIVE CONSUMPTION OF SODIUM CHLORIDE. BIOVALENTIA: BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.24233/biov.8.1.2022.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Salt or sodium chloride (NaCl) is used in everyday life mainly to give food taste. Salt is hepatotoxic, so excessive use of salt has an impact on the liver. The liver is one part of the organ that has an important role in the body's metabolism, especially in neutralizing toxins. The liver is composed of hepatocytes. There are 60% hepatocytes of the total cells in the liver. Hepatocytes are the main cells responsible for the central role of the liver in metabolism. Liver function becomes very vulnerable to damage because it continuously neutralizes toxins. Such damage can occur and affect the structure and function of the liver. This study was conducted to determine the structural abnormalities of hepatocytes that occur in the liver of mice (Mus musculus) due to excessive salt consumption. The method used in this study was a CRD (completely randomized design) method consisting of 1 control group and 3 treatment groups by sodium chloride (NaCl) with 6 replications. The parameter in this study was the level of hepatocyte damage in the liver of mice (Mus musculus). Hepatocyte damage that occurred was observed through histological preparations with Hematoxylin Eosin (HE) staining. The results of this study indicate that hepatocyte cell damage in the liver of mice (Mus musculus) increases due to continuous administration of excess sodium chloride (NaCl).
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The Role of Macroautophagy and Chaperone-Mediated Autophagy in the Pathogenesis and Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030760. [PMID: 35159028 PMCID: PMC8833636 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major health problem with the second highest mortality among all cancers and a continuous increase worldwide. HCC is highly resistant to available chemotherapeutic agents, leaving patients with no effective therapeutic option and a poor prognosis. Although an increasing number of studies have elucidated the potential role of autophagy underlying HCC, the complete regulation is far from understood. The different forms of autophagy constitute important cell survival mechanisms that could prevent hepatocarcinogenesis by limiting hepatocyte death and the associated hepatitis and fibrosis at early stages of chronic liver diseases. On the other hand, at late stages of hepatocarcinogenesis, they could support the malignant transformation of (pre)neoplastic cells by facilitating their survival. Abstract Hepatocarcinogenesis is a long process with a complex pathophysiology. The current therapeutic options for HCC management, during the advanced stage, provide short-term survival ranging from 10–14 months. Autophagy acts as a double-edged sword during this process. Recently, two main autophagic pathways have emerged to play critical roles during hepatic oncogenesis, macroautophagy and chaperone-mediated autophagy. Mounting evidence suggests that upregulation of macroautophagy plays a crucial role during the early stages of carcinogenesis as a tumor suppressor mechanism; however, it has been also implicated in later stages promoting survival of cancer cells. Nonetheless, chaperone-mediated autophagy has been elucidated as a tumor-promoting mechanism contributing to cancer cell survival. Moreover, the autophagy pathway seems to have a complex role during the metastatic stage, while induction of autophagy has been implicated as a potential mechanism of chemoresistance of HCC cells. The present review provides an update on the role of autophagy pathways in the development of HCC and data on how the modulation of the autophagic pathway could contribute to the most effective management of HCC.
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Deng L, Cheng S, Li J, Xu X, Hao X, Fan Y, Mu S. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel schisanhenol derivatives as potential hepatoprotective agents. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 227:113919. [PMID: 34688010 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-one new schisanhenol derivatives were synthesized, and their hepatoprotective effects against liver injury induced by concanavalin A (Con A) were evaluated in vitro using an MTT assay. The data indicated that most derivatives exhibited equivalent or better protective activity than the positive control (dimethyl dicarboxylate biphenyl, DDB) under the same conditions. Among them, compound 1b showed the most potent hepatoprotective activity against Con A-induced immunological injury. Mechanistic studies in vitro revealed that 1b inhibited cell apoptosis and inflammatory responses caused by Con A treatment via IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Consistently, it also exhibited significant hepatoprotective activity in mice with Con A-induced immunological liver injury. These results clearly indicated that 1b might be a highly potent hepatoprotective agent targeting IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang, 550014, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang, 550014, China
| | - Shasha Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang, 550014, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang, 550014, China
| | - Jiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang, 550014, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang, 550014, China
| | - Xinglian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang, 550014, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang, 550014, China
| | - Xiaojiang Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang, 550014, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang, 550014, China
| | - Yanhua Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang, 550014, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang, 550014, China.
| | - Shuzhen Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang, 550014, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang, 550014, China.
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Mustafa N, Mitxelena J, Infante A, Zenarruzabeitia O, Eriz A, Iglesias-Ara A, Zubiaga AM. E2f2 Attenuates Apoptosis of Activated T Lymphocytes and Protects from Immune-Mediated Injury through Repression of Fas and FasL. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010311. [PMID: 35008734 PMCID: PMC8745065 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted disruption of E2f2 in mice causes T-cell hyperactivation and a disproportionate cell cycle entry upon stimulation. However, E2f2−/− mice do not develop a lymphoproliferative condition. We report that E2f2 plays a Fas-dependent anti-apoptotic function in vitro and in vivo. TCR-stimulated murine E2f2−/− T cells overexpress the proapoptotic genes Fas and FasL and exhibit enhanced apoptosis, which is prevented by treatment with neutralizing anti-FasL antibodies. p53 pathway is activated in TCR-stimulated E2f2−/− lymphocytes, but targeted disruption of p53 in E2f2−/− mice does not abrogate Fas/FasL expression or apoptosis, implying a p53-independent apoptotic mechanism. We show that E2f2 is recruited to Fas and FasL gene promoters to repress their expression. in vivo, E2f2−/− mice are prone to develop immune-mediated liver injury owing to an aberrant lymphoid Fas/FasL activation. Taken together, our results suggest that E2f2-dependent inhibition of Fas/FasL pathway may play a direct role in limiting the development of immune-mediated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Mustafa
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 48080 Bilbao, Spain; (N.M.); (J.M.); (A.E.)
| | - Jone Mitxelena
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 48080 Bilbao, Spain; (N.M.); (J.M.); (A.E.)
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Arantza Infante
- Stem Cells and Cell Therapy Laboratory, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain;
| | - Olatz Zenarruzabeitia
- Immunopathology Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain;
| | - Ainhoa Eriz
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 48080 Bilbao, Spain; (N.M.); (J.M.); (A.E.)
| | - Ainhoa Iglesias-Ara
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 48080 Bilbao, Spain; (N.M.); (J.M.); (A.E.)
- Correspondence: (A.I.-A.); (A.M.Z.); Tel.: +34-94-601-5799 (A.I.-A.); +34-94-601-2603 (A.M.Z.); Fax: +34-94-601-3143 (A.M.Z.)
| | - Ana M. Zubiaga
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 48080 Bilbao, Spain; (N.M.); (J.M.); (A.E.)
- Correspondence: (A.I.-A.); (A.M.Z.); Tel.: +34-94-601-5799 (A.I.-A.); +34-94-601-2603 (A.M.Z.); Fax: +34-94-601-3143 (A.M.Z.)
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Rodríguez MJ, Sabaj M, Tolosa G, Herrera Vielma F, Zúñiga MJ, González DR, Zúñiga-Hernández J. Maresin-1 Prevents Liver Fibrosis by Targeting Nrf2 and NF-κB, Reducing Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Cells 2021; 10:3406. [PMID: 34943914 PMCID: PMC8699629 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a complex process characterized by the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) and an alteration in liver architecture, as a result of most types of chronic liver diseases such as cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver failure. Maresin-1 (MaR1) is derivative of ω-3 docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which has been shown to have pro-resolutive and anti-inflammatory effects. We tested the hypothesis that the application of MaR1 could prevent the development of fibrosis in an animal model of chronic hepatic damage. Sprague-Dawley rats were induced with liver fibrosis by injections of diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and treated with or without MaR1 for four weeks. In the MaR1-treated animals, levels of AST and ALT were normalized in comparison with DEN alone, the hepatic architecture was improved, and inflammation and necrotic areas were reduced. Cell proliferation, assessed by the mitotic activity index and the expression of Ki-67, was increased in the MaR1-treated group. MaR1 attenuated liver fibrosis and oxidative stress was induced by DEN. Plasma levels of the pro-inflammatory mediators TNF-α and IL-1β were reduced in MaR1-treated animals, whereas the levels of IL-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine, increased. Interestingly, MaR1 inhibited the translocation of the p65 subunit of NF-κB, while increasing the activation of Nrf2, a key regulator of the antioxidant response. Finally, MaR1 treatment reduced the levels of the pro-fibrotic mediator TGF-β and its receptor, while normalizing the hepatic levels of IGF-1, a proliferative agent. Taken together, these results suggest that MaR1 improves the parameters of DEN-induced liver fibrosis, activating hepatocyte proliferation and decreasing oxidative stress and inflammation. These results open the possibility of MaR1 as a potential therapeutic agent in fibrosis and other liver pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Rodríguez
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile; (M.J.R.); (F.H.V.); (M.J.Z.); (D.R.G.)
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Mención Investigación y Desarrollo de Productos Bioactivos, Instituto de Química de los Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Matías Sabaj
- Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile; (M.S.); (G.T.)
| | - Gerardo Tolosa
- Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile; (M.S.); (G.T.)
| | - Francisca Herrera Vielma
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile; (M.J.R.); (F.H.V.); (M.J.Z.); (D.R.G.)
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Mención Investigación y Desarrollo de Productos Bioactivos, Instituto de Química de los Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - María José Zúñiga
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile; (M.J.R.); (F.H.V.); (M.J.Z.); (D.R.G.)
| | - Daniel R. González
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile; (M.J.R.); (F.H.V.); (M.J.Z.); (D.R.G.)
| | - Jessica Zúñiga-Hernández
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile; (M.J.R.); (F.H.V.); (M.J.Z.); (D.R.G.)
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