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Li K, Ma X, Li Z, Liu Y, Shen G, Luo Z, Wang D, Xia L, Wang Z, Tian M, Liu H, Geng F, Li B. A Natural Peptide from A Traditional Chinese Medicine Has the Potential to Treat Chronic Atrophic Gastritis by Activating Gastric Stem Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2304326. [PMID: 38544338 PMCID: PMC11132046 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Chronic atrophic gastritis (AG) is initiated mainly by Helicobacter pylori infection, which may progress to stomach cancer following the Correa's cascade. The current treatment regimen is H. pylori eradication, yet evidence is lacking that this treatment is effective on later stages of AG especially gastric gland atrophy. Here, using AG mouse model, patient samples, gastric organoids, and lineage tracing, this study unraveled gastric stem cell (GSC) defect as a crucial pathogenic factor in AG in mouse and human. Moreover, a natural peptide is isolated from a traditional Chinese medicine that activated GSCs to regenerate gastric epithelia in experimental AG models and revitalized the atrophic gastric organoids derived from patients. It is further shown that the peptide exerts its functions by stabilizing the EGF-EGFR complex and specifically activating the downstream ERK and Stat1 signaling. Overall, these findings advance the understanding of AG pathogenesis and open a new avenue for AG treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Stem Cell ResearchCollege of Basic Medical SciencesChengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu611137China
- Bio‐X InstitutesShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China
| | - Xiuying Ma
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Medicinal AnimalsSichuan Good Doctor Panxi Pharmaceutical Co., LtdChengdu610000China
| | - Zihao Li
- Bio‐X InstitutesShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China
| | - Ya Liu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Stem Cell ResearchCollege of Basic Medical SciencesChengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu611137China
| | - Guiyan Shen
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Stem Cell ResearchCollege of Basic Medical SciencesChengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu611137China
| | - Zecheng Luo
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Stem Cell ResearchCollege of Basic Medical SciencesChengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu611137China
| | - Dong Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Stem Cell ResearchCollege of Basic Medical SciencesChengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu611137China
| | - Li Xia
- Department of PathophysiologyKey Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of EducationShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200025China
| | - Zhengting Wang
- Department of GastroenterologyRuijin HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200025China
| | - Ming Tian
- Department of BurnRuijin HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200025China
| | - Huijuan Liu
- Bio‐X InstitutesShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China
| | - Funeng Geng
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Medicinal AnimalsSichuan Good Doctor Panxi Pharmaceutical Co., LtdChengdu610000China
| | - Baojie Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Stem Cell ResearchCollege of Basic Medical SciencesChengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu611137China
- Bio‐X InstitutesShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China
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2
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Liu M, Liu Q, Zou Q, Li J, Chu Z, Xiang J, Chen WQ, Miao ZF, Wang B. The composition and roles of gastric stem cells in epithelial homeostasis, regeneration, and tumorigenesis. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2023:10.1007/s13402-023-00802-z. [PMID: 37010700 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-023-00802-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The epithelial lining of the stomach undergoes rapid turnover to preserve its structural and functional integrity, a process driven by long-lived stem cells residing in the antral and corpus glands. Several subpopulations of gastric stem cells have been identified and their phenotypic and functional diversities linked to spatiotemporal specification of stem cells niches. Here, we review the biological features of gastric stem cells at various locations of the stomach under homeostatic conditions, as demonstrated by reporter mice, lineage tracing, and single cell sequencing. We also review the role of gastric stem cells in epithelial regeneration in response to injury. Moreover, we discuss emerging evidence demonstrating that accumulation of oncogenic drivers or alteration of stemness signaling pathways in gastric stem cells promotes gastric cancer. Given a fundamental role of the microenvironment, this review highlights the role reprogramming of niche components and signaling pathways under pathological conditions in dictating stem cell fate. Several outstanding issues are raised, such as the relevance of stem cell heterogeneity and plasticity, and epigenetic regulatory mechanisms, to Helicobacter pylori infection-initiated metaplasia-carcinogenesis cascades. With the development of spatiotemporal genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics, as well as multiplexed screening and tracing approaches, we anticipate that more precise definition and characterization of gastric stem cells, and the crosstalk with their niche will be delineated in the near future. Rational exploitation and proper translation of these findings may bring forward novel modalities for epithelial rejuvenation and cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing University Medical School, Chongqing, 400030, P. R. China
- Department of Gastroenterology & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 10 Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, P. R. China
| | - Qin Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 10 Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 10 Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, P. R. China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Tumor Center, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing University Medical School, Chongqing, 400030, P. R. China
| | - Jinyang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 10 Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, P. R. China
| | - Zhaole Chu
- Department of Gastroenterology & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 10 Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, P. R. China
| | - Junyu Xiang
- Department of Gastroenterology & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 10 Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Qing Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing University Medical School, Chongqing, 400030, P. R. China.
| | - Zhi-Feng Miao
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, P. R. China.
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 10 Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, P. R. China.
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, P. R. China.
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, P. R. China.
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3
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EGFR-TNFR1 pathway in endothelial cell facilitates acute lung injury by NF-κB/MAPK-mediated inflammation and RIP3-dependent necroptosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 117:109902. [PMID: 36827922 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) has emerged as a pivotal effector critically correlated with disease severity in acute lung injury (ALI). Because both the excessive activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) in sepsis-induced vasculitis are markedly diminished through EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, a specific mechanism must exist to modulate TNFR1 cellular fates regulated by EGFR. Here, we demonstrated that EGFR, a specific binding partner of TNFR1, exhibited an increased NF-κB/MAPK-mediated inflammation that was governed by enhanced recruitment of TNFR-associated factor 2 (TRAF2) to TNFR1 complex I in endothelial cell (EC). Moreover, EGFR activation triggered a remarkable increase in the phosphorylation of receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIP1) and its binding with receptor-interacting protein 3 (RIP3) which led to enhanced frequency of necroptosis in complex IIb. Inhibiting the kinase of EGFR disrupted the formation of complex I and complex IIb and prevents EC from NF-κB/MAPK-mediated inflammation and RIP3-dependent necroptosis. Consistently, pharmacological inhibition of EGFR can limit the destructive effects of neutrophils activation and the hyperpermeability of lung vascular in hyperinflammation period. Collectively, we have identified EC-EGFR as a modulator of TNFR1-mediated inflammation and RIP3-dependent necroptosis, providing a possible explanation for the immunological basis of anti-EGFR therapy in sepsis-induced ALI.
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Amalia R, Panenggak NSR, Doohan D, Rezkitha YAA, Waskito LA, Syam AF, Lubis M, Yamaoka Y, Miftahussurur M. A comprehensive evaluation of an animal model for Helicobacter pylori-associated stomach cancer: Fact and controversy. Helicobacter 2023; 28:e12943. [PMID: 36627714 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Even though Helicobacter pylori infection was the most causative factor of gastric cancer, numerous in vivo studies failed to induce gastric cancer using H. pylori infection only. The utilization of established animal studies in cancer research is crucial as they aim to investigate the coincidental association between suspected oncogenes and pathogenesis as well as generate models for the development and testing of potential treatments. The methods to establish gastric cancer using infected animal models remain limited, diverse in methods, and showed different results. This study investigates the differences in animal models, which highlight different pathological results in gaster by literature research. Electronic databases searched were performed in PubMed, Science Direct, and Cochrane, without a period filter. A total of 135 articles were used in this study after a full-text assessment was conducted. The most frequent animal models used for gastric cancer were Mice, while Mongolian gerbils and Transgenic mice were the most susceptible model for gastric cancer associated with H. pylori infection. Additionally, transgenic mice showed that the susceptibility to gastric cancer progression was due to genetic and epigenetic factors. These studies showed that in Mongolian gerbil models, H. pylori could function as a single agent to trigger stomach cancer. However, most gastric cancer susceptibilities were not solely relying on H. pylori infection, and numerous factors are involved in cancer progression. Further study using Mongolian gerbils and Transgenic mice is crucial to conduct and establish the best models for gastric cancer associated H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizki Amalia
- Helicobacter pylori and Microbiota Study Group, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Nur Syahadati Retno Panenggak
- Helicobacter pylori and Microbiota Study Group, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Dalla Doohan
- Helicobacter pylori and Microbiota Study Group, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.,Department of Anatomy, Histology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Yudith Annisa Ayu Rezkitha
- Helicobacter pylori and Microbiota Study Group, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.,Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Langgeng Agung Waskito
- Helicobacter pylori and Microbiota Study Group, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.,Department of Physiology and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Ari Fahrial Syam
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Masrul Lubis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Yoshio Yamaoka
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Japan.,Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas, Houston, USA
| | - Muhammad Miftahussurur
- Helicobacter pylori and Microbiota Study Group, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.,Division of Gastroentero-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine-Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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5
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Zhang YG, Xia Y, Zhang J, Deb S, Garrett S, Sun J. Intestinal vitamin D receptor protects against extraintestinal breast cancer tumorigenesis. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2202593. [PMID: 37074210 PMCID: PMC10120454 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2202593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbiota plays critical roles in regulating the function and health of the intestine and extraintestinal organs. A fundamental question is whether an intestinal-microbiome-breast axis exists during the development of breast cancer. If so, what are the roles of host factors? Vitamin D receptor (VDR) involves host factors and the human microbiome. Vdr gene variation shapes the human microbiome, and VDR deficiency leads to dysbiosis. We hypothesized that intestinal VDR protects hosts against tumorigenesis in the breast. We examined a 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA)-induced breast cancer model in intestinal epithelial VDR knockout (VDRΔIEC) mice with dysbiosis. We reported that VDRΔIEC mice with dysbiosis are more susceptible to breast cancer induced by DMBA. Intestinal and breast microbiota analysis showed that VDR deficiency leads to a bacterial profile shift from normal to susceptible to carcinogenesis. We found enhanced bacterial staining within breast tumors. At the molecular and cellular levels, we identified the mechanisms by which intestinal epithelial VDR deficiency led to increased gut permeability, disrupted tight junctions, microbial translocation, and enhanced inflammation, thus increasing tumor size and number in the breast. Furthermore, treatment with the beneficial bacterial metabolite butyrate or the probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum reduced breast tumors, enhanced tight junctions, inhibited inflammation, increased butyryl-CoA transferase, and decreased levels of breast Streptococcus bacteria in VDRΔIEC mice. The gut microbiome contributes to the pathogenesis of diseases not only in the intestine but also in the breast. Our study provides insights into the mechanism by which intestinal VDR dysfunction and gut dysbiosis lead to a high risk of extraintestinal tumorigenesis. Gut-tumor-microbiome interactions represent a new target in the prevention and treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Guo Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yinglin Xia
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jilei Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shreya Deb
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shari Garrett
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jun Sun
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- UIC Cancer Center, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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6
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Arai J, Otoyama Y, Nozawa H, Kato N, Yoshida H. The immunological role of ADAMs in the field of gastroenterological chronic inflammatory diseases and cancers: a review. Oncogene 2023; 42:549-558. [PMID: 36572816 PMCID: PMC9937921 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02583-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Metalloproteinases cleave transmembrane proteins that play critical roles in inflammation and cancers. Metalloproteinases include a disintegrin and metalloprotease (ADAM), which we previously examined using a fluorescence assay system, and described their association with resistance to systemic therapy in cancer patients. There are also many reports on the relation between ADAM expression and the prognosis of patients with gastroenterological chronic inflammatory diseases and cancers. Inhibiting their immunomodulating activity in chronic inflammation restores innate immunity and potentially prevents the development of various cancers. Among the numerous critical immune system-related molecules, we focus on major histocompatibility complex class I polypeptide-related sequence A (MICA), MICB, intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, TNF-α, IL-6 receptor (IL-6R), and Notch. This review summarizes our current understanding of the role of ADAMs in gastroenterological diseases with regard to the immune system. Several Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved inhibitors of ADAMs have been identified, and potential therapies for targeting ADAMs in the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases and cancers are discussed. Some ongoing clinical trials for cancers targeting ADAMs are also introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Arai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yumi Otoyama
- grid.410714.70000 0000 8864 3422Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisako Nozawa
- grid.410714.70000 0000 8864 3422Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoya Kato
- grid.136304.30000 0004 0370 1101Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Yoshida
- grid.410714.70000 0000 8864 3422Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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7
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Li Y, Huang X, Tong D, Jiang C, Zhu X, Wei Z, Gong T, Jin C. Relationships among microbiota, gastric cancer, and immunotherapy. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:987763. [PMID: 36171746 PMCID: PMC9511979 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.987763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, conventional neoadjuvant therapy or postoperative adjuvant therapy, such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy, can only bring limited survival benefits to gastric cancer (GC). Median survival after palliative chemotherapy is also low, at about 8–10 months. Immunotargeting is a new option for the treatment of GC, but has not been widely replicated. The highly immunosuppressed tumor microenvironment (TME) discounts the efficacy of immunotherapy for GC. Therefore, new strategies are needed to enhance the immune response of the TME. This paper reviewed the relationship between microorganisms and GC, potential links between microorganisms and immunotherapy and research of microorganisms combined immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhen Li
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaona Huang
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Desheng Tong
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, China
| | - Chenyu Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaodan Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhipeng Wei
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Tingjie Gong
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Chunhui Jin
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China
- *Correspondence: Chunhui Jin,
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Proteolytic Landscapes in Gastric Pathology and Cancerogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052419. [PMID: 35269560 PMCID: PMC8910283 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death, and a large proportion of cases are inseparably linked to infections with the bacterial pathogen and type I carcinogen Helicobacter pylori. The development of gastric cancer follows a cascade of transformative tissue events in an inflammatory environment. Proteases of host origin as well as H. pylori-derived proteases contribute to disease progression at every stage, from chronic gastritis to gastric cancer. In the present article, we discuss the importance of (metallo-)proteases in colonization, epithelial inflammation, and barrier disruption in tissue transformation, deregulation of cell proliferation and cell death, as well as tumor metastasis and neoangiogenesis. Proteases of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein (ADAM) families, caspases, calpain, and the H. pylori proteases HtrA, Hp1012, and Hp0169 cleave substrates including extracellular matrix molecules, chemokines, and cytokines, as well as their cognate receptors, and thus shape the pathogenic microenvironment. This review aims to summarize the current understanding of how proteases contribute to disease progression in the gastric compartment.
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Tummers B, Green DR. The evolution of regulated cell death pathways in animals and their evasion by pathogens. Physiol Rev 2022; 102:411-454. [PMID: 34898294 PMCID: PMC8676434 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00002.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The coevolution of host-pathogen interactions underlies many human physiological traits associated with protection from or susceptibility to infections. Among the mechanisms that animals utilize to control infections are the regulated cell death pathways of pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis. Over the course of evolution these pathways have become intricate and complex, coevolving with microbes that infect animal hosts. Microbes, in turn, have evolved strategies to interfere with the pathways of regulated cell death to avoid eradication by the host. Here, we present an overview of the mechanisms of regulated cell death in Animalia and the strategies devised by pathogens to interfere with these processes. We review the molecular pathways of regulated cell death, their roles in infection, and how they are perturbed by viruses and bacteria, providing insights into the coevolution of host-pathogen interactions and cell death pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Tummers
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Douglas R Green
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
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10
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Study of the correlation between the expression of nuclear factor kappa B and proliferation regulatory proteins and chronic superficial gastritis. VOJNOSANIT PREGL 2022. [DOI: 10.2298/vsp200807135h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aim. Cell proliferation and the regulation of protein expression play an important role in gastritis, but in chronic superficial gastritis (CSG), they are rarely reported. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-?B) and regulatory proteins and the rat CSG. Methods. The CSG rat model was established artificially, by chemical agents and irregular diet. The expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in the gastric mucosa of CSG rats was measured by immunohistochemistry, while mRNA expression levels of NF-?B p65 were detected by in situ hybridization. Results. There was more obvious infiltration of inflammatory cells in the gastric mucosa of CSG rats than in that of control rats, and the inflammation score was significantly increased. The expression levels of PCNA, EGFR, and NF-?B p65 mRNA in the gastric mucosal cells of CSG model rats increased significantly. Correlation analysis showed that the inflammation score was positively correlated with the expression levels of NF-?B p65 mRNA and EGFR, while it presented no significant correlation with the expression level of PCNA. In addition, there was a significant positive correlation between NF-?B p65 mRNA and EGFR levels. Conclusion. High expression of NF-?B and EGFR plays an important role in the occurrence and progression of CSG, and it is significantly positively correlated with the degree of inflammation in the gastric mucosa. Therefore, changes in NF-?B and EGFR expression may be used as important indicators for the assessment of CSG; changes in their expression levels are helpful to assess the degree of gastric mucosal lesions and progression of CSG.
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Histone H3 deacetylation promotes host cell viability for efficient infection by Listeria monocytogenes. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1010173. [PMID: 34929015 PMCID: PMC8722725 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
For many intracellular bacterial pathogens manipulating host cell survival is essential for maintaining their replicative niche, and is a common strategy used to promote infection. The bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes is well known to hijack host machinery for its own benefit, such as targeting the host histone H3 for modification by SIRT2. However, by what means this modification benefits infection, as well as the molecular players involved, were unknown. Here we show that SIRT2 activity supports Listeria intracellular survival by maintaining genome integrity and host cell viability. This protective effect is dependent on H3K18 deacetylation, which safeguards the host genome by counteracting infection-induced DNA damage. Mechanistically, infection causes SIRT2 to interact with the nucleic acid binding protein TDP-43 and localise to genomic R-loops, where H3K18 deacetylation occurs. This work highlights novel functions of TDP-43 and R-loops during bacterial infection and identifies the mechanism through which L. monocytogenes co-opts SIRT2 to allow efficient infection. To cause systemic disease Listeria monocytogenes assumes an intracellular lifestyle which supports its growth and dissemination during infection. In order to maintain the intracellular niche L. monocytogenes manipulates various host cell processes thereby promoting its own survival and infection. One such example is the hijacking of a host deacetylase called SIRT2 which upon infection localises to chromatin, specifically modifies lysine 18 of histone H3 and promotes intracellular bacterial growth. Here we identify how SIRT2 promotes infection. We show that SIRT2-mediated H3K18 deacetylation counteracts infection-induced DNA damage and identify the molecular complex at play. Such SIRT2 activity has a crucial role in promoting host cell viability during infection, allowing for better survival upon heavy intracellular bacterial burden, and resulting in enhanced infection by L. monocytogenes.
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12
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Abdi E, Latifi-Navid S, Abedi Sarvestani F, Esmailnejad MH. Emerging therapeutic targets for gastric cancer from a host- Helicobacter pylori interaction perspective. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2021; 25:685-699. [PMID: 34410200 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2021.1971195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gastric cancer (GC) has the higher genetic, cytologic, and architectural heterogeneity compared to other gastrointestinal cancers. By inducing gastric inflammation, Helicobacter pylori (HP) may lead to GC through combining bacterial factors with host factors. In this regard, identification of the major therapeutic targets against the host-HP interactions plays a critical role in GC prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. AREAS COVERED This study offers new insights into the promising therapeutic targets against the angiogenesis, invasion, or metastasis of GC from a host-HP interaction perspective. To this end, MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, AIM, and IndMed databases were searched for relevant articles since 1992. EXPERT OPINION Wnt signaling and COX pathway have a well-documented history in the genesis of GC by HP and might be considered as the most promising targets for early GC treatment. Destroying HP may decrease the risk of GC, but it cannot fully hinder the GC development induced by HP infection. Therefore, targeting HP-activated pathways, especially COX-2/Wnt/beta-catenin/VEGF, TLR2/TLR9/COX-2, COX2-PGE2, and NF-κB/COX-2, as well as EPHA2, MMPs, and miR-543/SIRT1 axis, can be an effective measure in the early treatment of GC. However, different clinical trials and large, multi-center cohorts are required to validate these potentially effective targets for GC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmat Abdi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Saeid Latifi-Navid
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
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Wölffling S, Daddi AA, Imai-Matsushima A, Fritsche K, Goosmann C, Traulsen J, Lisle R, Schmid M, Reines-Benassar MDM, Pfannkuch L, Brinkmann V, Bornschein J, Malfertheiner P, Ordemann J, Link A, Meyer TF, Boccellato F. EGF and BMPs Govern Differentiation and Patterning in Human Gastric Glands. Gastroenterology 2021; 161:623-636.e16. [PMID: 33957136 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.04.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The homeostasis of the gastrointestinal epithelium relies on cell regeneration and differentiation into distinct lineages organized inside glands and crypts. Regeneration depends on Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation, but to understand homeostasis and its dysregulation in disease, we need to identify the signaling microenvironment governing cell differentiation. By using gastric glands as a model, we have identified the signals inducing differentiation of surface mucus-, zymogen-, and gastric acid-producing cells. METHODS We generated mucosoid cultures from the human stomach and exposed them to different growth factors to obtain cells with features of differentiated foveolar, chief, and parietal cells. We localized the source of the growth factors in the tissue of origin. RESULTS We show that epidermal growth factor is the major fate determinant distinguishing the surface and inner part of human gastric glands. In combination with bone morphogenetic factor/Noggin signals, epidermal growth factor controls the differentiation of foveolar cells vs parietal or chief cells. We also show that epidermal growth factor is likely to underlie alteration of the gastric mucosa in the precancerous condition atrophic gastritis. CONCLUSIONS Use of our recently established mucosoid cultures in combination with analysis of the tissue of origin provided a robust strategy to understand differentiation and patterning of human tissue and allowed us to draw a new, detailed map of the signaling microenvironment in the human gastric glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Wölffling
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alice Anna Daddi
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Aki Imai-Matsushima
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany; Preemptive Medicine and Lifestyle-Related Diseases Research Center, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kristin Fritsche
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Goosmann
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Traulsen
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Lisle
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Monika Schmid
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Lennart Pfannkuch
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Volker Brinkmann
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Bornschein
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University Hospital, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Peter Malfertheiner
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University Hospital, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Ordemann
- Department of Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery, Helios Klinikum, Berlin, Germany; Center for Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery, Vivantes Klinikum Spandau, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Link
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University Hospital, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Thomas F Meyer
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany; Laboratory of Infection Oncology, Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Francesco Boccellato
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.
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Bartonella henselae Persistence within Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Enhances Endothelial Cell Activation and Infectibility That Amplifies the Angiogenic Process. Infect Immun 2021; 89:e0014121. [PMID: 34031126 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00141-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Some bacterial pathogens can manipulate the angiogenic response, suppressing or inducing it for their own ends. In humans, Bartonella henselae is associated with cat-scratch disease and vasculoproliferative disorders such as bacillary angiomatosis and bacillary peliosis. Although endothelial cells (ECs) support the pathogenesis of B. henselae, the mechanisms by which B. henselae induces EC activation are not completely clear, as well as the possible contributions of other cells recruited at the site of infection. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are endowed with angiogenic potential and play a dual role in infections, exerting antimicrobial properties but also acting as a shelter for pathogens. Here, we delved into the role of MSCs as a reservoir of B. henselae and modulator of EC functions. B. henselae readily infected MSCs and survived in perinuclearly bound vacuoles for up to 8 days. Infection enhanced MSC proliferation and the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 1 (NOD1), proteins that are involved in bacterial internalization and cytokine production. Secretome analysis revealed that infected MSCs secreted higher levels of the proangiogenic factors vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor 7 (FGF-7), matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9), placental growth factor (PIGF), serpin E1, thrombospondin 1 (TSP-1), urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), interleukin 6 (IL-6), platelet-derived growth factor D (PDGF-D), chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5), and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL8). Supernatants from B. henselae-infected MSCs increased the susceptibility of ECs to B. henselae infection and enhanced EC proliferation, invasion, and reorganization in tube-like structures. Altogether, these results indicate MSCs as a still underestimated niche for persistent B. henselae infection and reveal MSC-EC cross talk that may contribute to exacerbate bacterium-induced angiogenesis and granuloma formation.
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Saad MI, McLeod L, Hodges C, Vlahos R, Rose-John S, Ruwanpura S, Jenkins BJ. ADAM17 Deficiency Protects against Pulmonary Emphysema. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 64:183-195. [PMID: 33181031 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0214oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary emphysema is the major debilitating component of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The ADAM17 (A disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17) protease mediates inflammation via ectodomain shedding of numerous proinflammatory cytokines, cytokine receptors, and adhesion molecules; however, its role in the pathogenesis of emphysema and COPD is poorly understood. This study aims to define the role of the protease ADAM17 in the pathogenesis of pulmonary emphysema. ADAM17 protein expression and activation was investigated in lung biopsies from patients with emphysema, as well as lungs of the emphysematous gp130F/F mouse model and an acute (4 d) cigarette smoke (CS)-induced lung pathology model. The Adam17ex/ex mice, which display significantly reduced global ADAM17 expression, were coupled with emphysema-prone gp130F/F mice to produce gp130F/F:Adam17ex/ex. Both Adam17ex/ex and wild-type mice were subjected to acute CS exposure. Histological, immunohistochemical, immunofluorescence, and molecular analyses as well as lung function tests were performed to assess pulmonary emphysema, inflammation, and alveolar cell apoptosis. ADAM17 was hyperphosphorylated in the lungs of patients with emphysema and also in emphysematous gp130F/F and CS-exposed mice. ADAM17 deficiency ameliorated the development of pulmonary emphysema in gp130F/F mice by suppressing elevated alveolar cell apoptosis. In addition, genetic blockade of ADAM17 protected mice from CS-induced pulmonary inflammation and alveolar cell apoptosis. Our study places the protease ADAM17 as a central molecular switch implicated in the development of pulmonary emphysema, which paves the way for using ADAM17 inhibitors as potential therapeutic agents to treat COPD and emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed I Saad
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Louise McLeod
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher Hodges
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ross Vlahos
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia; and
| | - Stefan Rose-John
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Saleela Ruwanpura
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brendan J Jenkins
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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A novel method for isolation and culture of primary swine gastric epithelial cells. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2021; 22:1. [PMID: 33407092 PMCID: PMC7789315 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-020-00341-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Culturing primary epithelial cells has a major advantage over tumor-derived or immortalized cell lines as long as their functional phenotype and genetic makeup are mainly maintained. The swine model has shown to be helpful and reliable when used as a surrogate model for human diseases. Several porcine cell lines have been established based on a variety of tissues, which have shown to extensively contribute to the current understanding of several pathologies, especially cancer. However, protocols for the isolation and culture of swine gastric epithelial cells that preserve cell phenotype are rather limited. We aimed to develop a new method for establishing a primary epithelial cell culture from the fundic gland region of the pig stomach. RESULTS Mechanical and enzymatic dissociation of gastric tissue was possible by combining collagenase type I and dispase II, protease inhibitors and antioxidants, which allowed the isolation of epithelial cells from the porcine fundic glands showing cell viability > 90% during the incubation period. Gastric epithelial cells cultured in RPMI 1640, DMEM-HG and DMEM/F12 media did not contribute enough to cell adhesion, cluster formation and cell proliferation. By contrast, William's E medium supplemented with growth factors supports confluency and proliferation of a pure epithelial cell monolayer after 10 days of incubation at 37 °C, 5% CO2. Mucin-producing cell phenotype of primary isolates was confirmed by PAS staining, MUC1 by immunohistochemistry, as well as the expression of MUC1 and MUC20 genes by RT-PCR and cDNA sequencing. Swine gastric epithelial cells also showed origin-specific markers such as cytokeratin cocktail (AE1/AE3) and cytokeratin 18 (CK-18) using immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence methods, respectively. CONCLUSIONS A new method was successfully established for the isolation of primary gastric epithelial cells from the fundic gland zone through a swine model based on a combination of tissue-specific proteases, protease inhibitors and antioxidants after mechanical cell dissociation. The formulation of William's E medium with growth factors for epithelial cells contributes to cell adhesion and preserves functional primary cells phenotype, which is confirmed by mucin production and expression of typical epithelial markers over time.
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Effects of a Potential Probiotic Strain Lactobacillus gasseri ATCC 33323 on Helicobacter pylori-Induced Inflammatory Response and Gene Expression in Coinfected Gastric Epithelial Cells. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2020; 13:751-764. [PMID: 33206342 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-020-09721-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we aimed to investigate the modulatory effects of a potential probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus gasseri ATCC 33323 on Helicobacter pylori-induced inflammatory response and gene expression in human gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS) cell line. The gastric epithelial cells were coinfected with a collection of H. pylori clinical strains alone or in combination with L. gasseri at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 1:100 for each bacterium, and incubated for different time points of 3, 6, and 12 h. IL-8 secretion from coinfected AGS cells after incubation at each time point was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The mRNA expression of IL-8, Bcl-2, β-catenin, integrin α5, and integrin β1 genes was determined by quantitative RT-PCR amplification of total RNA extracted from coinfected epithelial cells. L. gasseri significantly (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01) decreased the production of IL-8 in AGS cells coinfected with H. pylori strains at 6 h post-infection. We also detected that L. gasseri significantly (P < 0.05) down-regulated the gene expression level of IL-8 in H. pylori-stimulated AGS cells after 6 and 12 h of coinfection. Similarly, L. gasseri caused a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in mRNA expression of Bcl-2, β-catenin, integrin α5, and integrin β1 genes in AGS cells at 3 and 6 h after infection with H. pylori strains as compared with non-infected control cells. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that L. gasseri ameliorates H. pylori-induced inflammation and could be developed as a supplementation to the current treatment regimens administrated against H. pylori infection.
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Leite M, Marques MS, Melo J, Pinto MT, Cavadas B, Aroso M, Gomez-Lazaro M, Seruca R, Figueiredo C. Helicobacter Pylori Targets the EPHA2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinase in Gastric Cells Modulating Key Cellular Functions. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020513. [PMID: 32102381 PMCID: PMC7072728 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori, a stomach-colonizing Gram-negative bacterium, is the main etiological factor of various gastroduodenal diseases, including gastric adenocarcinoma. By establishing a life-long infection of the gastric mucosa, H. pylori continuously activates host-signaling pathways, in particular those associated with receptor tyrosine kinases. Using two different gastric epithelial cell lines, we show that H. pylori targets the receptor tyrosine kinase EPHA2. For long periods of time post-infection, H. pylori induces EPHA2 protein downregulation without affecting its mRNA levels, an effect preceded by receptor activation via phosphorylation. EPHA2 receptor downregulation occurs via the lysosomal degradation pathway and is independent of the H.pylori virulence factors CagA, VacA, and T4SS. Using small interfering RNA, we show that EPHA2 knockdown affects cell–cell and cell–matrix adhesion, invasion, and angiogenesis, which are critical cellular processes in early gastric lesions and carcinogenesis mediated by the bacteria. This work contributes to the unraveling of the underlying mechanisms of H. pylori–host interactions and associated diseases. Additionally, it raises awareness for potential interference between H. pylori infection and the efficacy of gastric cancer therapies targeting receptors tyrosine kinases, given that infection affects the steady-state levels and dynamics of some receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and their signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Leite
- Ipatimup–Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.S.M.); (J.M.); (M.T.P.); (B.C.); (R.S.)
- i3S–Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.A.); (M.G.-L.)
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (C.F.); Tel.: +351-220-408-800 (M.L. & C.F.)
| | - Miguel S. Marques
- Ipatimup–Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.S.M.); (J.M.); (M.T.P.); (B.C.); (R.S.)
- i3S–Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.A.); (M.G.-L.)
| | - Joana Melo
- Ipatimup–Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.S.M.); (J.M.); (M.T.P.); (B.C.); (R.S.)
- i3S–Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.A.); (M.G.-L.)
- ICBAS–Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta T. Pinto
- Ipatimup–Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.S.M.); (J.M.); (M.T.P.); (B.C.); (R.S.)
- i3S–Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.A.); (M.G.-L.)
| | - Bruno Cavadas
- Ipatimup–Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.S.M.); (J.M.); (M.T.P.); (B.C.); (R.S.)
- i3S–Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.A.); (M.G.-L.)
- ICBAS–Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Miguel Aroso
- i3S–Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.A.); (M.G.-L.)
- INEB–Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Gomez-Lazaro
- i3S–Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.A.); (M.G.-L.)
- INEB–Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Seruca
- Ipatimup–Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.S.M.); (J.M.); (M.T.P.); (B.C.); (R.S.)
- i3S–Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.A.); (M.G.-L.)
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ceu Figueiredo
- Ipatimup–Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.S.M.); (J.M.); (M.T.P.); (B.C.); (R.S.)
- i3S–Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.A.); (M.G.-L.)
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (C.F.); Tel.: +351-220-408-800 (M.L. & C.F.)
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Aghaei M, KhanAhmad H, Aghaei S, Ali Nilforoushzadeh M, Mohaghegh MA, Hejazi SH. The role of Bax in the apoptosis of Leishmania-infected macrophages. Microb Pathog 2019; 139:103892. [PMID: 31778755 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leishmania is a protozoan parasite that nests in macrophages and is responsible for the Leishmaniasis disease. In spite of different defense pathways, last strategy of macrophage for killing parasite is apoptosis process. By permeableizing the mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM). As breaching MOM releases apoptogenic factors like cytochrome-c which activate caspases that result in the destruction of the cell. In this review, we summarized the appropriate manuscripts regarding the bax includes, its different types and the effect of bax on the apoptosis of Leishmania and parasite-infected macrophages. METHODS Information about the role of BAX in the apoptosis of parasite-infected macrophage of recent articles were surveyed by searching computerized bibliographic database PubMed and Google Scholar entering the keywords BAX and leishmaniasis. RESULTS The common studies revealed Leishmania use different survival strategies for inhibiting macrophage apoptosis. As Leishmania by preventing homooligomerization or upregulating the anti-apoptotic molecule Bcl-2 can prohibits proteins of host-cell apoptosis such as Bax that is required for mitochondrial permeabilisation during apoptosis. CONCLUSION With regard to the supportive role of bax in apoptosis and the preventive role of Leishmania in its function, it seems that expression of bax gene in parasite by technologies like transgenic or down regulating of anti-apoptotic molecule Bcl-2 by miRNA could be prompted the apoptosis process of infected-macrophages and inhibited extensive spread of Leishmania and the resulting lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Aghaei
- Skin Diseases and Leishmaniasis Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein KhanAhmad
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shahrzad Aghaei
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad-Ali Mohaghegh
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran; Health Sciences Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Seyed Hossein Hejazi
- Skin Diseases and Leishmaniasis Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Skin Disease and Leishmaniasis Research Center, Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Bacterial Pathogens Hijack the Innate Immune Response by Activation of the Reverse Transsulfuration Pathway. mBio 2019; 10:mBio.02174-19. [PMID: 31662455 PMCID: PMC6819659 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02174-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are professional immune cells that ingest and kill microbes. In this study, we show that different pathogenic bacteria induce the expression of cystathionine γ-lyase (CTH) in macrophages. This enzyme is involved in a metabolic pathway called the reverse transsulfuration pathway, which leads to the production of numerous metabolites, including cystathionine. Phagocytized bacteria use cystathionine to better survive in macrophages. In addition, the induction of CTH results in dysregulation of the metabolism of polyamines, which in turn dampens the proinflammatory response of macrophages. In conclusion, pathogenic bacteria can evade the host immune response by inducing CTH in macrophages. The reverse transsulfuration pathway is the major route for the metabolism of sulfur-containing amino acids. The role of this metabolic pathway in macrophage response and function is unknown. We show that the enzyme cystathionine γ-lyase (CTH) is induced in macrophages infected with pathogenic bacteria through signaling involving phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/MTOR and the transcription factor SP1. This results in the synthesis of cystathionine, which facilitates the survival of pathogens within myeloid cells. Our data demonstrate that the expression of CTH leads to defective macrophage activation by (i) dysregulation of polyamine metabolism by depletion of S-adenosylmethionine, resulting in immunosuppressive putrescine accumulation and inhibition of spermidine and spermine synthesis, and (ii) increased histone H3K9, H3K27, and H3K36 di/trimethylation, which is associated with gene expression silencing. Thus, CTH is a pivotal enzyme of the innate immune response that disrupts host defense. The induction of the reverse transsulfuration pathway by bacterial pathogens can be considered an unrecognized mechanism for immune escape.
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Fu L, Xie C. A lucid review of Helicobacter pylori-induced DNA damage in gastric cancer. Helicobacter 2019; 24:e12631. [PMID: 31295756 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) is the main risk factor for gastric cancer (GC). In recent years, many studies have addressed the effects of H pylori itself and of H pylori-induced chronic inflammation on DNA damage. Unrepaired or inappropriately repaired DNA damage is one possible carcinogenic mechanism. We may conclude that H pylori-induced DNA damage is one of the carcinogenic mechanisms of GC. In this review, we summarize the interactions between H pylori and DNA damage and the effects of H pylori-induced DNA damage on GC. Then, focusing on oxidative stress, we introduce the application of antioxidants in GC. At the end of this review, we discuss the outlook for further research on H pylori-induced DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chuan Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Li R, Xing QW, Wu XL, Zhang L, Tang M, Tang JY, Wang JZ, Han P, Wang SQ, Wang W, Zhang W, Zhou GP, Qin ZQ. Di-n-butyl phthalate epigenetically induces reproductive toxicity via the PTEN/AKT pathway. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:307. [PMID: 30952838 PMCID: PMC6450951 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1547-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) is a kind of ubiquitous chemical linked to hormonal disruptions that affects male reproductive system. However, the mechanism of DBP-induced germ cells toxicity remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that DBP induces reduction of proliferation, increase of apoptosis and DNA damage dependent on the PTEN/AKT pathway. Mechanistically, DBP decreases PTEN promoter methylation and increases its transcriptional activity, leading to increased PTEN expression. Notably, DNMT3b is confirmed as a target of miR-29b and miR-29b-mediated status of PTEN methylation is involved in the effects of DBP treatment. Meanwhile, DBP decreases AKT pathway expression via increasing PTEN expression. In addition, the fact that DBP decreases the sperm number and the percentage of motile and progressive sperm is associated with downregulated AKT pathway and sperm flagellum-related genes. Collectively, these findings indicate that DBP induces aberrant PTEN demethylation, leading to inhibition of the AKT pathway, which contributes to the reproductive toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian-Wei Xing
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 226001, Nantong, China
| | - Xiao-Lu Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Tang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing-Yuan Tang
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing-Zi Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Han
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Shang-Qian Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China.
| | - Guo-Ping Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China.
| | - Zhi-Qiang Qin
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 210006, Nanjing, China.
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23
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Alfarouk KO, Bashir AHH, Aljarbou AN, Ramadan AM, Muddathir AK, AlHoufie STS, Hifny A, Elhassan GO, Ibrahim ME, Alqahtani SS, AlSharari SD, Supuran CT, Rauch C, Cardone RA, Reshkin SJ, Fais S, Harguindey S. The Possible Role of Helicobacter pylori in Gastric Cancer and Its Management. Front Oncol 2019; 9:75. [PMID: 30854333 PMCID: PMC6395443 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (HP) is a facultative anaerobic bacterium. HP is a normal flora having immuno-modulating properties. This bacterium is an example of a microorganism inducing gastric cancer. Its carcinogenicity depends on bacteria-host related factors. The proper understanding of the biology of HP inducing gastric cancer offers the potential strategy in the managing of HP rather than eradicating it. In this article, we try to summarize the biology of HP-induced gastric cancer and discuss the current pharmacological approach to treat and prevent its carcinogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid O Alfarouk
- Alfarouk Biomedical Research LLC, Tampa, FL, United States.,Hala Alfarouk Cancer Center, Khartoum, Sudan.,Al-Ghad International College for Applied Medical Sciences, Medina, Saudi Arabia.,American Biosciences, Inc., New York City, NY, United States
| | - Adil H H Bashir
- Hala Alfarouk Cancer Center, Khartoum, Sudan.,Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Ahmed N Aljarbou
- College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.,Al-Ghad International College for Applied Medical Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Abdel Khalig Muddathir
- Hala Alfarouk Cancer Center, Khartoum, Sudan.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Sari T S AlHoufie
- Al-Ghad International College for Applied Medical Sciences, Medina, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Gamal O Elhassan
- Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unaizah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Saad S Alqahtani
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shakir D AlSharari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | | | - Cyril Rauch
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Rosa Angela Cardone
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Stephan J Reshkin
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Stefano Fais
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
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24
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Fu J, Li L, Yang X, Yang R, Amjad N, Liu L, Tan C, Chen H, Wang X. Transactivated Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Recruitment of α-actinin-4 From F-actin Contributes to Invasion of Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells by Meningitic Escherichia coli. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 8:448. [PMID: 30687645 PMCID: PMC6333852 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial penetration of the blood-brain barrier requires its successful invasion of brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs), and host actin cytoskeleton rearrangement in these cells is a key prerequisite for this process. We have reported previously that meningitic Escherichia coli can induce the activation of host's epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) to facilitate its invasion of BMECs. However, it is unknown how EGFR specifically functions during this invasion process. Here, we identified an important EGFR-interacting protein, α-actinin-4 (ACTN4), which is involved in maintaining and regulating the actin cytoskeleton. We observed that transactivated-EGFR competitively recruited ACTN4 from intracellular F-actin fibers to disrupt the cytoskeleton, thus facilitating bacterial invasion of BMECs. Strikingly, this mechanism operated not only for meningitic E. coli, but also for infections with Streptococcus suis, a Gram-positive meningitis-causing bacterial pathogen, thus revealing a common mechanism hijacked by these meningitic pathogens where EGFR competitively recruits ACTN4. Ever rising levels of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and the emergence of their extended-spectrum antimicrobial-resistant counterparts remind us that EGFR could act as an alternative non-antibiotic target to better prevent and control bacterial meningitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaopei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruicheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Nouman Amjad
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China.,International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China.,International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China.,International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
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25
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Resolution of Gastric Cancer-Promoting Inflammation: A Novel Strategy for Anti-cancer Therapy. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2019; 421:319-359. [PMID: 31123895 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-15138-6_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The connection between inflammation and cancer was initially recognized by Rudolf Virchow in the nineteenth century. During the last decades, a large body of evidence has provided support to his hypothesis, and now inflammation is recognized as one of the hallmarks of cancer, both in etiopathogenesis and ongoing tumor growth. Infection with the pathogen Helicobacter pylori is the primary causal factor in 90% of gastric cancer (GC) cases. As we increase our understanding of how chronic inflammation develops in the stomach and contributes to carcinogenesis, there is increasing interest in targeting cancer-promoting inflammation as a strategy to treat GC. Moreover, once cancer develops and anti-cancer immune responses are suppressed, there is evidence of a substantial shift in the microenvironment and new targets for immune therapy emerge. In this chapter, we provide insight into inflammation-related factors, including T lymphocytes, macrophages, pro-inflammatory chemokines, and cytokines, which promote H. pylori-associated GC initiation and growth. While intervening with chronic inflammation is not a new practice in rheumatology or gastroenterology, this approach has not been fully explored for its potential to prevent carcinogenesis or to contribute to the treatment of GC. This review highlights current and possible strategies for therapeutic intervention including (i) targeting pro-inflammatory mediators, (ii) targeting growth factors and pathways involved in angiogenesis in the gastric tumor microenvironment, and (iii) enhancing anti-tumor immunity. In addition, we highlight a significant number of clinical trials and discuss the importance of individual tumor characterization toward offering personalized immune-related therapy.
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26
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Sierra JC, Asim M, Verriere TG, Piazuelo MB, Suarez G, Romero-Gallo J, Delgado AG, Wroblewski LE, Barry DP, Peek RM, Gobert AP, Wilson KT. Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibition downregulates Helicobacter pylori-induced epithelial inflammatory responses, DNA damage and gastric carcinogenesis. Gut 2018; 67:1247-1260. [PMID: 28473630 PMCID: PMC5671361 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2016-312888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gastric cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide and infection by Helicobacter pylori is the strongest risk factor. We have reported increased epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) phosphorylation in the H. pylori-induced human carcinogenesis cascade, and association with DNA damage. Our goal was to determine the role of EGFR activation in gastric carcinogenesis. DESIGN We evaluated gefitinib, a specific EGFR inhibitor, in chemoprevention of H. pylori-induced gastric inflammation and cancer development. Mice with genetically targeted epithelial cell-specific deletion of Egfr (EfgrΔepi mice) were also used. RESULTS In C57BL/6 mice, gefitinib decreased Cxcl1 and Cxcl2 expression by gastric epithelial cells, myeloperoxidase-positive inflammatory cells in the mucosa and epithelial DNA damage induced by H. pylori infection. Similar reductions in chemokines, inflammatory cells and DNA damage occurred in infected EgfrΔepi versus Egfrfl/fl control mice. In H. pylori-infected transgenic insulin-gastrin (INS-GAS) mice and gerbils, gefitinib treatment markedly reduced dysplasia and carcinoma. Gefitinib blocked H. pylori-induced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase 1/3 (MAPK1/3) and activator protein 1 in gastric epithelial cells, resulting in inhibition of chemokine synthesis. MAPK1/3 phosphorylation and JUN activation was reduced in gastric tissues from infected wild-type and INS-GAS mice treated with gefitinib and in primary epithelial cells from EfgrΔepi versus Egfrfl/fl mice. Epithelial EGFR activation persisted in humans and mice after H. pylori eradication, and gefitinib reduced gastric carcinoma in INS-GAS mice treated with antibiotics. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that epithelial EGFR inhibition represents a potential strategy to prevent development of gastric carcinoma in H. pylori-infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna C. Sierra
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Mohammad Asim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Thomas G. Verriere
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - M. Blanca Piazuelo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Giovanni Suarez
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Judith Romero-Gallo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alberto G. Delgado
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Lydia E. Wroblewski
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Daniel P. Barry
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Richard M. Peek
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA,Department of Cancer Biology, Nashville, Tennessee, USA,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alain P. Gobert
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA,Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Keith T. Wilson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA,Department of Cancer Biology, Nashville, Tennessee, USA,Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Nashville, Tennessee, USA,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA,Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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27
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Shapla UM, Raihan J, Islam A, Alam F, Solayman N, Gan SH, Hossen S, Khalil I. Propolis: The future therapy against Helicobacter pylori-mediated gastrointestinal diseases. J Appl Biomed 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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28
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A Comprehensive Review on Pharmacotherapeutics of Three Phytochemicals, Curcumin, Quercetin, and Allicin, in the Treatment of Gastric Cancer. J Gastrointest Cancer 2017; 48:314-320. [DOI: 10.1007/s12029-017-9997-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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29
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Sogi KM, Lien KA, Johnson JR, Krogan NJ, Stanley SA. The Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Gefitinib Restricts Mycobacterium tuberculosis Growth through Increased Lysosomal Biogenesis and Modulation of Cytokine Signaling. ACS Infect Dis 2017; 3:564-574. [PMID: 28537707 PMCID: PMC5728371 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.7b00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Host-directed therapeutics have the potential to combat the global tuberculosis pandemic. We previously identified gefitinib, an inhibitor of EGFR, as a potential host-targeted therapeutic effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection of macrophages and mice. Here we examine the functional consequences of gefitinib treatment on M. tuberculosis infected macrophages. Using phosphoproteomic and transcriptional profiling, we identify two mechanisms by which gefitinib influences macrophage responses to infection to affect cytokine responses and limit replication of M. tuberculosis in macrophages. First, we find that gefitinib treatment of M. tuberculosis infected macrophages inhibits STAT3, a transcription factor known to repress effective immune responses to M. tuberculosis in vivo. Second, we find that gefitinib treatment of M. tuberculosis infected macrophages leads to increased expression of genes involved in lysosomal biogenesis and function and an increase of functional lysosomes in gefitinib treated cells. Furthermore, we show that gefitinib treatment increases the targeting of bacteria to lysosomes, providing an explanation for the cell intrinsic effects of gefitinib treatment on M. tuberculosis infection. Our data provide novel insights into the effects of gefitinib on mammalian cells and into the possible roles for EGFR signaling in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly M. Sogi
- School of Public Health, Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, Li Ka Shing Center, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Katie A. Lien
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jeffrey R. Johnson
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California—San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Nevan J. Krogan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California—San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Sarah A. Stanley
- School of Public Health, Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, Li Ka Shing Center, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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30
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Tegtmeyer N, Neddermann M, Asche CI, Backert S. Subversion of host kinases: a key network in cellular signaling hijacked byHelicobacter pyloriCagA. Mol Microbiol 2017; 105:358-372. [DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Tegtmeyer
- Department of Biology, Division of Microbiology; Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg; Staudtstr. 5 Erlangen D-91058 Germany
| | - Matthias Neddermann
- Department of Biology, Division of Microbiology; Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg; Staudtstr. 5 Erlangen D-91058 Germany
| | - Carmen Isabell Asche
- Department of Biology, Division of Microbiology; Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg; Staudtstr. 5 Erlangen D-91058 Germany
| | - Steffen Backert
- Department of Biology, Division of Microbiology; Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg; Staudtstr. 5 Erlangen D-91058 Germany
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31
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Proteolysis in Helicobacter pylori-Induced Gastric Cancer. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:toxins9040134. [PMID: 28398251 PMCID: PMC5408208 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9040134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent infections with the human pathogen and class-I carcinogen Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) are closely associated with the development of acute and chronic gastritis, ulceration, gastric adenocarcinoma and lymphoma of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) system. Disruption and depolarization of the epithelium is a hallmark of H. pylori-associated disorders and requires extensive modulation of epithelial cell surface structures. Hence, the complex network of controlled proteolysis which facilitates tissue homeostasis in healthy individuals is deregulated and crucially contributes to the induction and progression of gastric cancer through processing of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, cell surface receptors, membrane-bound cytokines, and lateral adhesion molecules. Here, we summarize the recent reports on mechanisms how H. pylori utilizes a variety of extracellular proteases, involving the proteases Hp0169 and high temperature requirement A (HtrA) of bacterial origin, and host matrix-metalloproteinases (MMPs), a disintegrin and metalloproteinases (ADAMs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). H. pylori-regulated proteases represent predictive biomarkers and attractive targets for therapeutic interventions in gastric cancer.
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32
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Fahimi F, Tohidkia MR, Fouladi M, Aghabeygi R, Samadi N, Omidi Y. Pleiotropic cytotoxicity of VacA toxin in host cells and its impact on immunotherapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 7:59-71. [PMID: 28546954 PMCID: PMC5439391 DOI: 10.15171/bi.2017.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
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Introduction: In the recent decades, a number of studies have highlighted the importance of Helicobacter pylori in the initiation and development of peptic ulcer and gastric cancer. Some potential virulence factors (e.g., urease, CagA, VacA, BabA) are exploited by this microorganism, facilitating its persistence through evading human defense mechanisms. Among these toxins and enzymes, vacuolating toxin A (VacA) is of a great importance in the pathogenesis of H. pylori. VacA toxin shows different pattern of cytotoxicity through binding to different cell surface receptors in various cells.
Methods: To highlight attempts in treatment for H. pylori infection, here, we discussed the VacA potential as a candidate for development of vaccine and targeted immunotherapy. Furthermore, we reviewed the related literature to provide key insights on association of the genetic variants of VacA with the toxicity of the toxin in cells.
Results: A number of investigations on the receptor(s) binding of VacA toxin confirmed the pleiotropic nature of VacA that uses a unique mechanism for internalization through some membrane components such as lipid rafts and glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins (GPI-AP). Considering the high potency of VacA toxin in the clinical presentations in infection and assisting persistence and colonization of H. pylori, it is considered as one of the pivotal components in production vaccines and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs).
Conclusion: It is possible to generate mAbs with a considerable potential to convert into secretory immunoglobulins that could penetrate into the niche of H. pylori and inhibit its normal functionalities. Further, conjugation of H. pylori targeting Ab fragments with the toxic agents or drug delivery systems (DDSs) offers new generation of H. pylori treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Fahimi
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Tohidkia
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Fouladi
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Aghabeygi
- School of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Naser Samadi
- School of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yadollah Omidi
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,School of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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33
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Yang XP, Fu JY, Yang RC, Liu WT, Zhang T, Yang B, Miao L, Dou BB, Tan C, Chen HC, Wang XR. EGFR transactivation contributes to neuroinflammation in Streptococcus suis meningitis. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:274. [PMID: 27756321 PMCID: PMC5070219 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0734-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2) is an important zoonotic bacterial pathogen in both humans and animals, which can cause high morbidity and mortality. Meningitis is one of the major clinical manifestations of SS2 infection. However, the specific process of SS2 meningitis and its molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been reported to initiate transduction of intracellular signals and regulate host inflammatory responses. Whether and how EGFR contributes to the development of S. suis meningitis are currently unknown. METHODS The tyrosine phosphorylation of cellular proteins, the transactivation of EGFR, as well as its dimerization, and the associated signal transduction pathways were investigated by immunoprecipitation and western blotting. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to investigate the transcriptional level of the ErbB family members, EGFR-related ligands, cytokines, and chemokines. The secretion of cytokines and chemokines in the serum and brain were detected by Q-Plex™ Chemiluminescent ELISA. RESULTS We found an important role of EGFR in SS2 strain SC19-induced meningitis. SC19 increasingly adhered to human brain microvascular endothelial cells (hBMEC) and caused inflammatory lesions in the brain tissues, with significant induction and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the serum and brains. SC19 infection of hBMEC induced tyrosine phosphorylation of cellular EGFR in a ligand-dependent manner involving the EGF-like ligand HB-EGF, amphiregulin (AREG), and epiregulin (EREG) and led to heterodimerization of EGFR/ErbB3. The EGFR transactivation did not participate in SS2 strain SC19 adhesion of hBMEC, as well as in bacterial colonization in vivo. However, its transactivation contributed to the bacterial-induced neuroinflammation, via triggering the MAPK-ERK1/2 and NF-κB signaling pathways in hBMEC that promote the production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. CONCLUSIONS We investigated for the first time the tyrosine phosphorylation of cellular proteins in response to SS2 strain SC19 infection of hBMEC and demonstrated the contribution of EGFR to SS2-induced neuroinflammation. These observations propose a novel mechanism involving EGFR in SS2-mediated inflammatory responses in the brain, and therefore, EGFR might be an important host target for further investigation and prevention of neuroinflammation caused by SS2 strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Pei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Ji-Yang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Rui-Cheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Wen-Tong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Ling Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Bei-Bei Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Chen Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Huan-Chun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Xiang-Ru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China. .,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China. .,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
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Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Activation of EGFR As a Novel Target for Meningitic Escherichia coli Penetration of the Blood-Brain Barrier. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005926. [PMID: 27711202 PMCID: PMC5053521 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) infection continues to be an important cause of mortality and morbidity, necessitating new approaches for investigating its pathogenesis, prevention and therapy. Escherichia coli is the most common Gram-negative bacillary organism causing meningitis, which develops following penetration of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). By chemical library screening, we identified epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) as a contributor to E. coli invasion of the BBB in vitro. Here, we obtained the direct evidence that CNS-infecting E. coli exploited sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) for EGFR activation in penetration of the BBB in vitro and in vivo. We found that S1P was upstream of EGFR and participated in EGFR activation through S1P receptor as well as through S1P-mediated up-regulation of EGFR-related ligand HB-EGF, and blockade of S1P function through targeting sphingosine kinase and S1P receptor inhibited EGFR activation, and also E. coli invasion of the BBB. We further found that both S1P and EGFR activations occurred in response to the same E. coli proteins (OmpA, FimH, NlpI), and that S1P and EGFR promoted E. coli invasion of the BBB by activating the downstream c-Src. These findings indicate that S1P and EGFR represent the novel host targets for meningitic E. coli penetration of the BBB, and counteracting such targets provide a novel approach for controlling E. coli meningitis in the era of increasing resistance to conventional antibiotics.
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35
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Banerjee A, Basu M, Blanchard TG, Chintalacharuvu SR, Guang W, Lillehoj EP, Czinn SJ. Early Molecular Events in Murine Gastric Epithelial Cells Mediated by Helicobacter pylori CagA. Helicobacter 2016; 21:395-404. [PMID: 26817586 PMCID: PMC4965344 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Murine models of Helicobacter pylori infection are used to study host-pathogen interactions, but lack of severe gastritis in this model has limited its usefulness in studying pathogenesis. We compared the murine gastric epithelial cell line GSM06 to the human gastric epithelial AGS cell line to determine whether similar events occur when cultured with H. pylori. MATERIALS AND METHODS The lysates of cells infected with H. pylori isolates or an isogenic cagA-deficient mutant were assessed for translocation and phosphorylation of CagA and for activation of stress pathway kinases by immunoblot. RESULTS Phosphorylated CagA was detected in both cell lines within 60 minutes. Phospho-ERK 1/2 was present within several minutes and distinctly present in GSM06 cells at 60 minutes. Similar results were obtained for phospho-JNK, although the 54 kDa phosphoprotein signal was dominant in AGS, whereas the lower molecular weight band was dominant in GSM06 cells. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that early events in H. pylori pathogenesis occur within mouse epithelial cells similar to human cells and therefore support the use of the mouse model for the study of acute CagA-associated host cell responses. These results also indicate that reduced disease in H. pylori-infected mice may be due to lack of the Cag PAI, or by differences in the mouse response downstream of the initial activation events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Banerjee
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Malini Basu
- Department of Microbiology, Rastraguru Surendra Nath College, Barrackpore, India
| | | | | | - Wei Guang
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Erik P Lillehoj
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Steven J Czinn
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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36
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Song X, Xin N, Wang W, Zhao C. Wnt/β-catenin, an oncogenic pathway targeted by H. pylori in gastric carcinogenesis. Oncotarget 2016; 6:35579-88. [PMID: 26417932 PMCID: PMC4742126 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A section of gastric cancers presents nuclear β-catenin accumulation correlated with H. pylori infection. H. pylori stimulate Wnt/β-catenin pathway by activating oncogenic c-Met and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), or by inhibiting tumor suppressor Runx3 and Trefoil factor 1 (TFF1). H. pylori also trigger Wnt/β-catenin pathway by recruiting macrophages. Moreover, Wnt/β-catenin pathway is found involved in H. pylori-induced gastric cancer stem cell generation. Recently, by using gastroids, researchers have further revealed that H. pylori induce gastric epithelial cell proliferation through β-catenin. These findings indicate that Wnt/β-catenin is an oncogenic pathway activated by H. pylori. Therefore, this pathway is a potential therapy target for H. pylori-related gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Song
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Na Xin
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chenghai Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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37
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Hardbower DM, Singh K, Asim M, Verriere TG, Olivares-Villagómez D, Barry DP, Allaman MM, Washington MK, Peek RM, Piazuelo MB, Wilson KT. EGFR regulates macrophage activation and function in bacterial infection. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:3296-312. [PMID: 27482886 DOI: 10.1172/jci83585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
EGFR signaling regulates macrophage function, but its role in bacterial infection has not been investigated. Here, we assessed the role of macrophage EGFR signaling during infection with Helicobacter pylori, a bacterial pathogen that causes persistent inflammation and gastric cancer. EGFR was phosphorylated in murine and human macrophages during H. pylori infection. In human gastric tissues, elevated levels of phosphorylated EGFR were observed throughout the histologic cascade from gastritis to carcinoma. Deleting Egfr in myeloid cells attenuated gastritis and increased H. pylori burden in infected mice. EGFR deficiency also led to a global defect in macrophage activation that was associated with decreased cytokine, chemokine, and NO production. We observed similar alterations in macrophage activation and disease phenotype in the Citrobacter rodentium model of murine infectious colitis. Mechanistically, EGFR signaling activated NF-κB and MAPK1/3 pathways to induce cytokine production and macrophage activation. Although deletion of Egfr had no effect on DC function, EGFR-deficient macrophages displayed impaired Th1 and Th17 adaptive immune responses to H. pylori, which contributed to decreased chronic inflammation in infected mice. Together, these results indicate that EGFR signaling is central to macrophage function in response to enteric bacterial pathogens and is a potential therapeutic target for infection-induced inflammation and associated carcinogenesis.
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38
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Chen J, Zeng F, Forrester SJ, Eguchi S, Zhang MZ, Harris RC. Expression and Function of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in Physiology and Disease. Physiol Rev 2016; 96:1025-1069. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00030.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is the prototypical member of a family of membrane-associated intrinsic tyrosine kinase receptors, the ErbB family. EGFR is activated by multiple ligands, including EGF, transforming growth factor (TGF)-α, HB-EGF, betacellulin, amphiregulin, epiregulin, and epigen. EGFR is expressed in multiple organs and plays important roles in proliferation, survival, and differentiation in both development and normal physiology, as well as in pathophysiological conditions. In addition, EGFR transactivation underlies some important biologic consequences in response to many G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) agonists. Aberrant EGFR activation is a significant factor in development and progression of multiple cancers, which has led to development of mechanism-based therapies with specific receptor antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors. This review highlights the current knowledge about mechanisms and roles of EGFR in physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianchun Chen
- Departments of Medicine, Cancer Biology, and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Nashville Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee; and Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Fenghua Zeng
- Departments of Medicine, Cancer Biology, and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Nashville Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee; and Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Steven J. Forrester
- Departments of Medicine, Cancer Biology, and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Nashville Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee; and Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Satoru Eguchi
- Departments of Medicine, Cancer Biology, and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Nashville Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee; and Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ming-Zhi Zhang
- Departments of Medicine, Cancer Biology, and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Nashville Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee; and Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Raymond C. Harris
- Departments of Medicine, Cancer Biology, and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Nashville Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee; and Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Zhou L, Zhang W. Role of Helicobacter pylori infection in generation of gastric cancer stem cells. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2016; 24:2767-2777. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v24.i18.2767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a key cause of gastric cancer, and gastric cancer stem cells play an important role in the development of gastric cancer. Therefore in this paper, we try to explore the relationship between H. pylori infection and stem cells in gastric cancer. H. pylori infection promotes the generation of gastric cancer stem cells through the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In addition, H. pylori participates in the processes of the formation and progression of gastric cancer stem cells by affecting related signal pathways, such as Wnt/β-catenin, Hh/SHH, Notch, FGF/BMP. On this basis, we disscuss the challenges and future directions in the research of H. pylori infection and gastric cancer stem cells.
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Takagi T, Naito Y, Uchiyama K, Mizuhima K, Suzuki T, Horie R, Hirata I, Tsuboi H, Yoshikawa T. Carbon monoxide promotes gastric wound healing in mice via the protein kinase C pathway. Free Radic Res 2016; 50:1098-1105. [DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2016.1189546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohisa Takagi
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuji Naito
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Uchiyama
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Katsura Mizuhima
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takahiro Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Horie
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ikuhiro Hirata
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hisato Tsuboi
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Yoshikawa
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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41
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Costa AM, Ferreira RM, Pinto-Ribeiro I, Sougleri IS, Oliveira MJ, Carreto L, Santos MA, Sgouras DN, Carneiro F, Leite M, Figueiredo C. HelicobacterpyloriActivates Matrix Metalloproteinase 10 in Gastric Epithelial Cells via EGFR and ERK-mediated Pathways. J Infect Dis 2016; 213:1767-1776. [DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
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King CC, Obonyo M. Helicobacter pylori modulates host cell survival regulation through the serine-threonine kinase, 3-phosphoinositide dependent kinase 1 (PDK-1). BMC Microbiol 2015; 15:222. [PMID: 26487493 PMCID: PMC4618363 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-015-0543-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection affects cell survival signaling pathways including cell apoptosis and proliferation, which are considered risk factors for the development of gastric cancer when unregulated. In the present study, we investigated the effect of H. pylori infection on the phosphorylation state of 3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (PDK-1), a master kinase that regulates phosphorylation of Akt (also known as protein kinase B, PKB) and cell survival. METHODS The activity of PDK-1 was examined in human gastric epithelial cells incubated in the presence or absence of different H. pylori strains. In addition, the role of H. pylori type IV secretion system and the mechanism of H. pylori effect on PDK-1 activity was examined. RESULTS In the presence of H. pylori, phosphorylation of the activation loop (serine 241) PDK-1 was rapidly lost suggesting that dephosphorylation of PDK-1 is a target for H. pylori to modulate cell survival. The extent of dephosphorylation was strain dependent with H. pylori 60190 being the most effective. H. pylori infection of gastric epithelial cells resulted in altered phosphorylation and degradation of Akt, suggesting that PDK-1 dephosphorylation affects cell survival pathways and thereby may contribute to disease pathogenesis. CONCLUSION We propose that dephosphorylation of PDK-1 and the resulting changes to Akt phosphorylation is one of the mechanisms by which infection with H. pylori alter the balance between apoptosis and cell proliferation and identify a host molecular mechanism regulated by H. pylori that ultimately contributes to carcinogenesis. Our studies therefore provide insights into one of the mechanisms by which H. pylori infection contributes to gastric cancer by regulating the activity of a cell survival signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles C King
- Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Marygorret Obonyo
- Department of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA.
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43
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Menheniott TR, Judd LM, Giraud AS. STAT3: a critical component in the response to Helicobacter pylori infection. Cell Microbiol 2015; 17:1570-82. [PMID: 26332850 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
STAT3 imparts a profound influence on both the epithelial and immune components of the gastric mucosa, and through regulation of key intracellular signal transduction events, is well placed to control inflammatory and oncogenic outcomes in the context of Helicobacter (H.) pylori infection. Here we review the roles of STAT3 in the host immune response to H. pylori infection, from both gastric mucosal and systemic perspectives, as well as alluding more specifically to STAT3-dependent mechanisms that might be exploited as drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevelyan R Menheniott
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Louise M Judd
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew S Giraud
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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44
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Zaidi SF, Refaat A, Zhou Y, Sualeh Muhammad J, Shin MS, Saiki I, Sakurai H, Sugiyama T. Helicobacter pylori Induces Serine Phosphorylation of EGFR via Novel TAK1-p38 Activation Pathway in an HB-EGF-Independent Manner. Helicobacter 2015; 20:381-9. [PMID: 25704183 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interaction of Helicobacter pylori with gastric epithelial cells can result in the activation of transcription factor NF-κB via TGF-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1). In this study, we have demonstrated the role of H. pylori in the activation of EGFR via TAK1-mediated phosphorylation of p38. MATERIALS AND METHODS Gastric epithelial AGS or MKN-45 cells were co-cultured with wild-type or cagA(-) H. pylori strains. H. pylori was added to the cells, and the activation of EGFR, p65 (NF-κB) subunit, p38, ERK, and TAK1 was examined by Western blotting. Infected cells were pretreated with or without ligands, chemical inhibitors, anti-HB-EGF antibody, and siRNAs to evaluate the effects on phosphorylation of various EGFR residues. Fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry were performed to detect the internalization of EGFR. RESULTS Incubating cells with wild-type and CagA(-) H. pylori strains resulted in the rapid and transient phosphorylation of serine residues of EGFR. RNAi experiments using siRNA against TAK1 and p38 pathways blocked the phosphorylation of serine residue. Immunofluorescence and flow cytometry revealed that EGFR was internalized in H. pylori-infected cells after EGFR phosphorylation in a p38-dependent manner. In contrast, pretreatment with gefitinib and anti-HB-EGF antibody did not block both the phosphorylation and internalization of EGFR. CONCLUSION Helicobacter pylori induces internalization of EGFR via novel TAK1-p38-serine activation pathway which is independent of HB-EGF. The interaction between TAK1 and EGFR in H. pylori-infected cells might open new dimensions in understanding H. pylori-associated gastric carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Faisal Zaidi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University of Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Alaa Refaat
- Division of Pathogenic Biochemistry, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.,Center for Aging and Associated Diseases, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Jibran Sualeh Muhammad
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Myoung-Sook Shin
- Division of Pathogenic Biochemistry, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Ikuo Saiki
- Division of Pathogenic Biochemistry, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Sakurai
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Toshiro Sugiyama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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El-Mehi AE, El-Sherif NM. Influence of acrylamide on the gastric mucosa of adult albino rats and the possible protective role of rosemary. Tissue Cell 2015; 47:273-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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46
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Zhao H, Zhu H, Lin Z, Lin G, Lv G. Compound 13, an α1-selective small molecule activator of AMPK, inhibits Helicobacter pylori-induced oxidative stresses and gastric epithelial cell apoptosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 463:510-7. [PMID: 26022128 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Half of the world's population experiences Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, which is a main cause of gastritis, duodenal and gastric ulcer, and gastric cancers. In the current study, we investigated the potential role of compound 13 (C13), a novel α1-selective small molecule activator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), against H. pylori-induced cytotoxicity in cultured gastric epithelial cells (GECs). We found that C13 induced significant AMPK activation, evidenced by phosphorylation of AMPKα1 and ACC (acetyl-CoA carboxylase), in both primary and transformed GECs. Treatment of C13 inhibited H. pylori-induced GEC apoptosis. AMPK activation was required for C13-mediated GEC protection. Inhibition of AMPK kinase activity by the AMPK inhibitor Compound C, or silencing AMPKα1 expression by targeted-shRNAs, alleviated C13-induced GEC protective activities against H. pylori. Significantly, C13 inhibited H. pylori-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in GECs. C13 induced AMPK-dependent expression of anti-oxidant gene heme oxygenase (HO-1) in GECs. Zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP) and tin protoporphyrin (SnPP), two HO-1 inhibitors, not only suppressed C13-mediated ROS scavenging activity, but also alleviated its activity in GECs against H. pylori. Together, these results indicate that C13 inhibits H. pylori-induced ROS production and GEC apoptosis through activating AMPK-HO-1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangyong Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuxi Third People's Hospital of Nantong University, Wuxi 214041, China
| | - Huanghuang Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuxi Third People's Hospital of Nantong University, Wuxi 214041, China
| | - Zhou Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuxi Third People's Hospital of Nantong University, Wuxi 214041, China
| | - Gang Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuxi Third People's Hospital of Nantong University, Wuxi 214041, China
| | - Guoqiang Lv
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuxi Third People's Hospital of Nantong University, Wuxi 214041, China.
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Zhang W, Zhu YH, Yang JC, Yang GY, Zhou D, Wang JF. A Selected Lactobacillus rhamnosus Strain Promotes EGFR-Independent Akt Activation in an Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88-Infected IPEC-J2 Cell Model. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125717. [PMID: 25915861 PMCID: PMC4411159 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) are important intestinal pathogens that cause diarrhea in humans and animals. Although probiotic bacteria may protect against ETEC-induced enteric infections, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. In this study, porcine intestinal epithelial J2 cells (IPEC-J2) were pre-incubated with and without Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 7469 and then exposed to F4+ ETEC. Increases in TLR4 and NOD2 mRNA expression were observed at 3 h after F4+ ETEC challenge, but these increases were attenuated by L. rhamnosus treatment. Expression of TLR2 and NOD1 mRNA was up-regulated in cells pre-treated with L. rhamnosus. Pre-treatment with L. rhamnosus counteracted F4+ ETEC-induced increases in TNF-α concentration. Increased PGE2. concentrations were observed in cells infected with F4+ ETEC and in cells treated with L. rhamnosus only. A decrease in phosphorylated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was observed at 3 h after F4+ ETEC challenge in cells treated with L. rhamnosus. Pre-treatment with L. rhamnosus enhanced Akt phosphorylation and increased ZO-1 and occludin protein expression. Our findings suggest that L. rhamnosus protects intestinal epithelial cells from F4+ ETEC-induced damage, partly through the anti-inflammatory response involving synergism between TLR2 and NOD1. In addition, L. rhamnosus promotes EGFR-independent Akt activation, which may activate intestinal epithelial cells in response to bacterial infection, in turn increasing tight junction integrity and thus enhancing the barrier function and restricting pathogen invasion. Pre-incubation with L. rhamnosus was superior to co-incubation in reducing the adhesion of F4+ ETEC to IPEC-J2 cells and subsequently attenuating F4+ ETEC-induced mucin layer destruction and suppressing apoptosis. Our data indicate that a selected L. rhamnosus strain interacts with porcine intestinal epithelial cells to maintain the epithelial barrier and promote intestinal epithelial cell activation in response to bacterial infection, thus protecting cells from the deleterious effects of F4+ ETEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yao-Hong Zhu
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Cai Yang
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Gui-Yan Yang
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Zhou
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiu-Feng Wang
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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48
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Xu Y, Yan Y, Hou MX, Liu YE. NaCl pretreatment attenuates H.pylori-induced DNA damage and exacerbates proliferation of gastric epithelial cells (GES-1). Infect Agent Cancer 2015; 10:8. [PMID: 25859277 PMCID: PMC4391598 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-015-0003-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Both H. pylori infection and high salt (NaCl) diet are risks of gastric cancer, however, the interaction pattern of the two is not very clear. Our objective was to investigate the effects of NaCl-pretreated H. pylori on DNA damage and proliferation of gastric epithelial cell (GES-1). Methods GES-1 cells were co-cultured with H.pylori or NaCl-pretreated H. pylori (with 30% NaCl) for 24 h. The morphological changes of all cells were observed by inverted phase contrast microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Oxidative DNA damage was examined by immunofluorescence. Alterations in mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptosis rate were detected by flow cytometry and western blot, and expression of Ki-67, PCNA and P21 were evaluated using the immunocytochemical staining. Results GES-1 cells co-cultured with NaCl-pretreated H.pylori exhibited morphological changes and oxidative DNA damage. Although no significant disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and apoptotic rate were observed compared with control groups, there were significant decreased in Bax and Caspase3 proteins and increased in Bcl-2 protein in GES-1 cells infected with H. pylori30 when compared with GES-1 cells cultured with H. pylori. In addition, we found a proliferative effect on GES-1 cells with an increased expression of Ki-67 and PCNA as well as a decreased p21 expression, through which the cells may acquire the potential for malignant transformation. Conclusion NaCl-pretreated H. pylori possessed the ability to cause cell injury and promote proliferation in gastric epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xu
- Radiation oncology Department of General Hospital of Shenyang Military Command, Shenyang, l10016 China
| | - Ying Yan
- Radiation oncology Department of General Hospital of Shenyang Military Command, Shenyang, l10016 China
| | - Ming-Xiao Hou
- Emergency Medicine Department of General Hospital of Shenyang Military Command, Laboratory of Rescue Center of Severe Wound and Trauma PLA, 83 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, l10016 China
| | - Yun-En Liu
- Emergency Medicine Department of General Hospital of Shenyang Military Command, Laboratory of Rescue Center of Severe Wound and Trauma PLA, 83 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, l10016 China
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49
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Tsukanov VV, Shtygasheva OV, Vasyutin AV, Amel’chugova OS, Butorin NN, Ageeva ES. Parameters of Proliferation and Apoptosis of Epithelial Cells in the Gastric Mucosa in Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Residents of Khakassia with Helicobacter pylori Positive Duodenal Ulcer Disease. Bull Exp Biol Med 2015; 158:431-3. [PMID: 25711663 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-015-2778-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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50
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McClurg UL, Danjo K, King HO, Scott GB, Robinson PA, Crabtree JE. Epithelial cell ADAM17 activation by Helicobacter pylori: role of ADAM17 C-terminus and Threonine-735 phosphorylation. Microbes Infect 2014; 17:205-14. [PMID: 25499189 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2014.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori transactivates the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) on gastric epithelial cells via a signalling cascade involving a disintegrin and metalloprotease 17 (ADAM17) cleavage of membrane bound heparin binding-epidermal growth factor (HB-EGF). The effects of H. pylori on ADAM17 C-terminus in epithelial cells have been examined. Total cellular ADAM17 and surface expression of ADAM17 were significantly increased by H. pylori in AGS gastric epithelial cells. These changes were associated with ADAM17 C-terminal phosphorylation at T375 and S791. AGS cells lacking the ADAM17 C-terminal domain induced significantly attenuated cleavage of HB-EGF and were also unable to upregulate HB-EGF and EGFR transcripts to the same extent as cells expressing full length ADAM17. In mitotic unstimulated AGS and ADAM17 over-expressing AGS cells, ADAM17 was highly T735 phosphorylated indicating ADAM17 T735 phosphorylation is modified during the cell cycle. In conclusion, H. pylori induced ADAM17 C-terminal T735 and/or S791 phosphorylation in gastric epithelial cells are likely to be an important trigger inducing ADAM17 activation and shedding of HB-EGF leading to EGFR transactivation. ADAM17 over-expression in gastric cancer represents a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula L McClurg
- Leeds Institute, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, St. James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Kazuma Danjo
- Leeds Institute, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, St. James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Harry O King
- Leeds Institute, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, St. James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Gina B Scott
- Leeds Institute, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, St. James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Philip A Robinson
- Leeds Institute, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, St. James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Jean E Crabtree
- Leeds Institute, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, St. James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK.
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