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Wang Y, Li L, Chen S, Yu Z, Gao X, Peng X, Ye Q, Li Z, Tan W, Chen Y. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii-derived extracellular vesicles alleviate chronic colitis-related intestinal fibrosis by macrophage metabolic reprogramming. Pharmacol Res 2024; 206:107277. [PMID: 38945379 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (F. prausnitzii) has been recognized for its various intestinal and extraintestinal benefits to human. And reduction of F. prausnitzii has been linked to an increased risk of intestinal fibrosis in patients of Crohn's disease (CD). In this study, oral administration of either live F. prausnitzii or its extracellular vesicles (FEVs) can markedly mitigate the severity of fibrosis in mice induced by repetitive administration of DSS. In vitro experiment revealed that FEVs were capable of directing the polarization of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) towards an M2b macrophage phenotype, which has been associated with anti-fibrotic activities. This effect of FEV was found to be stable under various conditions that promote the development of pro-fibrotic M1/M2a/M2c macrophages. Proteomics and RNA sequencing were performed to uncover the molecular modulation of macrophages by FEVs. Notably, we found that FEVs reprogramed every metabolism of macrophages by damaging the mitochondria, and inhibited oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis. Moreover, FEV-treated macrophages showed a decreased expression of PPARγ and an altered lipid processing phenotype characterized by decreased cholesterol efflux, which may promote energy reprogramming. Taken together, these findings identify FEV as a driver of macrophage reprogramming, suggesting that triggering M2b macrophage polarization by oral admiration of FEV may serve as strategy to alleviate hyperfibrotic intestine conditions in CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Integrative Clinical Microecology Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiota and Disease, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Shenzhen Technology Research Center of Gut Microbiota Transplantation, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Linjie Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuze Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zonglin Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuefeng Gao
- Integrative Clinical Microecology Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiota and Disease, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Shenzhen Technology Research Center of Gut Microbiota Transplantation, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaojie Peng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiujuan Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zitong Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weihao Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Integrative Clinical Microecology Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiota and Disease, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Shenzhen Technology Research Center of Gut Microbiota Transplantation, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Li X, Chen J, Xie M, Xiong Z, Yin S, Jin L, Yu Z, Wang C, Zhang F, Luo D, Guo J, Huang D, Tang H, Chen H, Lan P, Lian L. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells alleviate intestinal fibrosis: The role of tumor necrosis factor-stimulated gene 6 protein. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 139:112693. [PMID: 39024752 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The therapeutic potential of adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (AMSCs) in the treatment of intestinal fibrosis occured in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) remains unclear. Tumor necrosis factor-stimulated gene 6 (TSG6) protein plays a critical role in inflammation regulation and tissue repair. This study aimed to determine if AMSCs attenuate intestinal fibrosis by secreting paracrine TSG6 protein and explore the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Two murine models for intestinal fibrosis were established using 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid in BALB/c mice and dextran sulfate sodium in C57BL/6 mice. Primary human fibroblasts and CCD-18co cells were incubated with transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 to build two fibrosis cell models in vitro. RESULTS Intraperitoneally administered AMSCs attenuated intestinal fibrosis in the two murine models, as evidenced by significant alleviation of colon shortening, collagen protein deposits, and submucosal thickening, and also decrease in the endoscopic and fibrosis scores (P < 0.001). Although intraperitoneally injected AMSCs did not migrate to the colon lesions, high levels of TSG6 expression and secretion were noticed both in vivo and in vitro. Similar to the role of AMSCs, injection of recombinant human TSG6 attenuated intestinal fibrosis in the mouse models, which was not observed with the administration of AMSCs with TSG6 knockdown or TSG6 neutralizing antibody. Mechanistically, TSG6 alleviates TGF-β1-stimulated upregulation of α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) and collagen I by inhibiting Smad2 phosphorylation. Furthermore, the expression of TSG6 is lower in intestinal fibrosis tissue of patients with Crohn's disease and can reduce pro-fibrotic protein (αSMA) secretion from primary ileal fibrotic tissue. CONCLUSIONS AMSCs attenuate intestinal fibrosis by secreting paracrine TSG6 protein, which inhibits Smad2 phosphorylation. TSG6, a novel anti-fibrotic factor, could potentially improve intestinal fibrosis treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianzhe Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junguo Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minghao Xie
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhizhong Xiong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi Yin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Longyang Jin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoliang Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Caiqin Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengxiang Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dandong Luo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianping Guo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dayin Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haijie Tang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huaxian Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Lan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Lei Lian
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Xu Y, Zheng C, Jiang P, Ji S, Ullah S, Zhao Y, Su D, Xu G, Zhang M, Zou X. Fraxinellone alleviates colitis-related intestinal fibrosis by blocking the circuit between PD-1 + Th17 cells and fibroblasts. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 135:112298. [PMID: 38776854 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive activation of colonic fibroblasts and differentiation of T helper 17 (Th17) cells are the key steps for intestinal fibrogenesis in the process of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Although both transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)/Mothers Against Decapentaplegic Homolog (SMAD) 3-induced fibroblasts activation and interleukin (IL)-6/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3-induced Th17 differentiation have been well studied, the crosstalk between fibroblasts and Th17 cells in the process of intestinal fibrogenesis needs to be unveiled. METHODS In this study, the activation of colonic fibroblasts was induced with dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS) and TGF-β in vivo and in vitro respectively. P-SMAD3 and its downstream targets were quantified using RT-PCR, western blot and immunofluorescence. The differentiation of programmed death 1 (PD-1) + Th17 and activation of fibroblasts were quantified by FACS. PD-1+ Th17 cells and fibroblasts were co-cultured and cytokines in the supernatant were tested by ELISA. The anti-fibrosis effects of different chemical compounds were validated in vitro and further confirmed in vivo. RESULTS The colonic fibroblasts were successfully activated by DSS and TGF-β in vivo and in vitro respectively, as activation markers of fibroblasts (p-SMAD3 and its downstream targets such as Acta2, Col1a1 and Ctgf) were significantly increased. The activated fibroblasts produced more IL-6 compared with their inactivated counterparts in vivo and in vitro. The proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 induced PD-1+ Th17 differentiation and TGF-β that in return promoted the activation of colonic fibroblasts. Fraxinellone inhibited TGF-β+ PD-1+ Th17 cells via deactivating STAT3. CONCLUSIONS The reciprocal stimulation constructed a circuit of PD-1+ Th17 cells and fibroblasts that accelerated the fibrosis process. Fraxinellone was selected as the potential inhibitor of the circuit of PD-1+ Th17 cells and fibroblasts in vivo and in vitro. Inhibiting the circuit of PD-1+ Th17 cells and fibroblasts could be a promising strategy to alleviate intestinal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuejie Xu
- Department of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Chang Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Siqi Ji
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Shafi Ullah
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, Chicago, IL, 60637, United States
| | - Dan Su
- FUJIFILM Diosynth Biotechnologies, Watertown 02472, MA, United States
| | - Guifang Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200001, China.
| | - Xiaoping Zou
- Department of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
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Yu Y, Yang D, Lin B, Zhu L, Li C, Li X. Readily Available Oral Prebiotic Protein Reactive Oxygen Species Nanoscavengers for Synergistic Therapy of Inflammation and Fibrosis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. ACS NANO 2024; 18:13583-13598. [PMID: 38740518 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c13114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
A significant gap exists in the demand for safe and effective drugs for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and its associated intestinal fibrosis. As oxidative stress plays a central role in the pathogenesis of IBD, astaxanthin (AST), a good antioxidant with high safety, holds promise for treating IBD. However, the application of AST is restricted by its poor solubility and easy oxidation. Herein, different protein-based nanoparticles (NPs) are fabricated for AST loading to identify an oral nanovehicle with potential clinical applicability. Through systematic validation via molecular dynamics simulation and in vitro characterization of properties, whey protein isolate (WPI)-driven NPs using a simple preparation method without the need for cross-linking agents or emulsifiers were identified as the optimal carrier for oral AST delivery. Upon oral administration, the WPI-driven NPs, benefiting from the intrinsic pH sensitivity and mucoadhesive properties, effectively shielded AST from degradation by gastric juices and targeted release of AST at intestinal lesion sites. Additionally, the AST NPs displayed potent therapeutic efficacy in both dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced acute colitis and chronic colitis-associated intestinal fibrosis by ameliorating inflammation, oxidative damage, and intestinal microecology. In conclusion, the AST WPI NPs hold a potential therapeutic value in treating inflammation and fibrosis in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Dairong Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Bingru Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 999077 Hong Kong, China
| | - Chong Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
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Qian XX. Non-coding transcribed ultraconserved region uc.290 in colon mucosa promotes intestinal fibrosis in chronic active ulcerative colitis. Dig Liver Dis 2024:S1590-8658(24)00737-0. [PMID: 38735796 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2024.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS TGF-β1 induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and leads to intestinal fibrosis in ulcerative colitis (UC). We aimed to investigate the expression of transcribed ultraconserved region uc.290 in chronic UC and its role in intestinal fibrosis. METHODS Colon specimens were taken from thirty chronic active UC, chronic inactive UC and healthy controls respectively. Modified Mayo score, expressions of uc.290, TGF-β1, EMT biomarkers (Vimentin, α-SMA and E-cadherin) and intestinal fibrosis biomarker (collagen Ⅲ) in colon biopsy specimens were determined in human. Expressions of TGF-β1, EMT biomarkers and collagen Ⅲ were determined in uc.290 overexpressed or silenced epithelial colon cells (HT29). RESULTS Uc.290, TGF-β1 and collagen Ⅲ were overexpressed, and EMT was prominent in chronic active UC. Uc.290 level had a positive correlation with modified Mayo score in chronic active UC. TGF-β1 and collagen Ⅲ were overexpressed, and EMT was prominent in uc.290 overexpressed HT29 cells. CONCLUSIONS Uc.290 was overexpressed in chronic active UC and might promote intestinal fibrosis by TGF-β1/EMT/collagen Ⅲ pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xian Qian
- Department of gastroenterology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai City, 201199, People's Republic of China; People's Hospital of Daguan County, No.3 Internal Medicine Department, Daguan County, Zhaotong City, Yunnan province, 657400, People's Republic of China.
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Wang Y, Ping Z, Gao H, Liu Z, Xv Q, Jiang X, Yu W. LYC inhibits the AKT signaling pathway to activate autophagy and ameliorate TGFB-induced renal fibrosis. Autophagy 2024; 20:1114-1133. [PMID: 38037248 PMCID: PMC11135866 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2287930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is a typical pathological change in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is the predominant stage. Activation of macroautophagy/autophagy plays a crucial role in the process of EMT. Lycopene (LYC) is a highly antioxidant carotenoid with pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammation, anti-apoptosis and mediation of autophagy. In this study, we demonstrated the specific mechanism of LYC in activating mitophagy and improving renal fibrosis. The enrichment analysis results of GO and KEGG showed that LYC had high enrichment values with autophagy. In this study, we showed that LYC alleviated aristolochic acid I (AAI)-induced intracellular expression of PINK1, TGFB/TGF-β, p-SMAD2, p-SMAD3, and PRKN/Parkin, recruited expression of MAP1LC3/LC3-II and SQSTM1/p62, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and ameliorated renal fibrosis in mice. When we simultaneously intervened NRK52E cells using bafilomycin A1 (Baf-A1), AAI, and LYC, intracellular MAP1LC3-II and SQSTM1 expression was significantly increased. A similar result was seen in renal tissue and cells when treated in vitro and in vivo with CQ, AAI, and LYC, and the inhibitory effect of LYC on the AAI-activated SMAD2-SMAD3 signaling pathway was attenuated. Molecular docking simulation experiments showed that LYC stably bound to the AKT active site. After intervention of cells with AAI and GSK-690693, the expression of PINK1, PRKN, MAP1LC3-II, BECN1, p-SMAD2 and p-SMAD3 was increased, and the expression of SQSTM1 was decreased. However, SC79 inhibited autophagy and reversed the inhibitory effect of LYC on EMT. The results showed that LYC could inhibit the AKT signaling pathway to activate mitophagy and reduce renal fibrosis.Abbreviation: AA: aristolochic acid; ACTA2/α-SMA: actin alpha 2, smooth muscle, aorta; ACTB: actin beta; AKT/protein kinase B: thymoma viral proto-oncogene; BAF-A1: bafilomycin A1; BECN1: beclin 1, autophagy related; CCN2/CTGF: cellular communication network factor 2; CDH1/E-Cadherin: cadherin 1; CKD: chronic kidney disease; COL1: collagen, type I; COL3: collagen, type III; CQ: chloroquine; ECM: extracellular matrix; EMT: epithelial-mesenchymal transition; FN1: fibronectin 1; LYC: lycopene; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3; MMP: mitochondrial membrane potential; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase ; PI3K: phosphoinositide 3-kinase; PINK1: PTEN induced putative kinase 1; PRKN/Parkin: parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase; PPI: protein-protein interaction; SMAD2: SMAD family member 2; SMAD3: SMAD family member 3; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TGFB/TGFβ: transforming growth factor, beta; VIM: vimentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhenlei Ping
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongxin Gao
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhihui Liu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Qingyang Xv
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaowen Jiang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenhui Yu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Institute of Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenesis and Comparative Medicine in Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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Rieder F, Mukherjee PK, Massey WJ, Wang Y, Fiocchi C. Fibrosis in IBD: from pathogenesis to therapeutic targets. Gut 2024; 73:854-866. [PMID: 38233198 PMCID: PMC10997492 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2023-329963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal fibrosis resulting in stricture formation and obstruction in Crohn's disease (CD) and increased wall stiffness leading to symptoms in ulcerative colitis (UC) is among the largest unmet needs in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Fibrosis is caused by a multifactorial and complex process involving immune and non-immune cells, their soluble mediators and exposure to luminal contents, such as microbiota and environmental factors. To date, no antifibrotic therapy is available. Some progress has been made in creating consensus definitions and measurements to quantify stricture morphology for clinical practice and trials, but approaches to determine the degree of fibrosis within a stricture are still lacking. OBJECTIVE We herein describe the current state of stricture pathogenesis, measuring tools and clinical trial endpoints development. DESIGN Data presented and discussed in this review derive from the past and recent literature and the authors' own research and experience. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Significant progress has been made in better understanding the pathogenesis of fibrosis, but additional studies and preclinical developments are needed to define specific therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Rieder
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Pranab K Mukherjee
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - William J Massey
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Claudio Fiocchi
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Lenti MV, Santacroce G, Broglio G, Rossi CM, Di Sabatino A. Recent advances in intestinal fibrosis. Mol Aspects Med 2024; 96:101251. [PMID: 38359700 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2024.101251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Despite many progresses have been made in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, especially due to the increasing number of effective therapies, the development of tissue fibrosis is a very common occurrence along the natural history of this condition. To a certain extent, fibrogenesis is a physiological and necessary process in all those conditions characterised by chronic inflammation. However, the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix within the bowel wall will end up in the formation of strictures, with the consequent need for surgery. A number of mechanisms have been described in this process, but some of them are not yet clear. For sure, the main trigger is the presence of a persistent inflammatory status within the mucosa, which in turn favours the occurrence of a pro-fibrogenic environment. Among the main key players, myofibroblasts, fibroblasts, immune cells, growth factors and cytokines must be mentioned. Although there are no available therapies able to target fibrosis, the only way to prevent it is by controlling inflammation. In this review, we summarize the state of art of the mechanisms involved in gut fibrogenesis, how to diagnose it, and which potential targets could be druggable to tackle fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Vincenzo Lenti
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapeutics, University of Pavia, First Department of Internal Medicine, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Santacroce
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapeutics, University of Pavia, First Department of Internal Medicine, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giacomo Broglio
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapeutics, University of Pavia, First Department of Internal Medicine, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Carlo Maria Rossi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapeutics, University of Pavia, First Department of Internal Medicine, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Sabatino
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapeutics, University of Pavia, First Department of Internal Medicine, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy.
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Choi YJ, Kim WR, Kim DH, Kim JH, Yoo JH. Human umbilical cord/placenta mesenchymal stem cell conditioned medium attenuates intestinal fibrosis in vivo and in vitro. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:69. [PMID: 38454492 PMCID: PMC10921617 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03678-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A significant unmet need in inflammatory bowel disease is the lack of anti-fibrotic agents targeting intestinal fibrosis. This study aimed to investigate the anti-fibrogenic properties and mechanisms of the conditioned medium (CM) from human umbilical cord/placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC/PL-MSC-CM) in a murine intestinal fibrosis model and human primary intestinal myofibroblasts (HIMFs). METHODS UC/PL-MSC-CM was concentrated 15-fold using a 3 kDa cut-off filter. C57BL/6 mice aged 7 weeks old were randomly assigned to one of four groups: (1) control, (2) dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), (3) DSS + CM (late-phase treatment), and (4) DSS + CM (early-phase treatment). Chronic DSS colitis and intestinal fibrosis was induced by three cycles of DSS administration. One DSS cycle consisted of 7 days of oral DSS administration (1.75%, 2%, and 2.5% DSS), followed by 14 days of drinking water. UC/PL-MSC-CM was intraperitoneally administered in the late phase (from day 50, 10 times) or early phase (from day 29, 10 times) of DSS cycles. HIMFs were treated with TGF-β1 and co-treated with UC/PL-MSC-CM (10% of culture media) in the cellular model. RESULTS In the animal study, UC/PL-MSC-CM reduced submucosa/muscularis propria thickness and collagen deposition, which improved intestinal fibrosis in chronic DSS colitis. The UC/PL-MSC-CM significantly reduced the expressions of procollagen1A1 and α-smooth muscle actin, which DSS significantly elevated. The anti-fibrogenic effect was more apparent in the UC-MSC-CM or early-phase treatment model. The UC/PL-MSC-CM reduced procollagen1A1, fibronectin, and α-smooth muscle actin expression in HIMFs in the cellular model. The UC/PL-MSC-CM downregulated fibrogenesis by suppressing RhoA, MRTF-A, and SRF expression. CONCLUSIONS Human UC/PL-MSC-CM inhibits TGF-β1-induced fibrogenic activation in HIMFs by blocking the Rho/MRTF/SRF pathway and chronic DSS colitis-induced intestinal fibrosis. Thus, it may be regarded as a novel candidate for stem cell-based therapy of intestinal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Jeong Choi
- Department of Gastroenterology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13496, South Korea
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, 13496, South Korea
| | - Woo Ram Kim
- Department of Surgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 06273, South Korea
| | - Duk Hwan Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13496, South Korea
| | - Jee Hyun Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13496, South Korea.
| | - Jun Hwan Yoo
- Department of Gastroenterology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13496, South Korea.
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, 13496, South Korea.
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10
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Xiao W, Hu C, Ni Y, Wang J, Jiao K, Zhou M, Li Z. 27-Hydroxycholesterol activates the GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway resulting in intestinal fibrosis by inducing oxidative stress: effect of dietary interventions. Inflamm Res 2024; 73:289-304. [PMID: 38184500 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01835-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intestinal fibrosis, a common and serious complication of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), results from chronic inflammation. A high-cholesterol diet may be a risk factor for IBD and 27-hydroxylcholesterol (27HC) is the main human cholesterol metabolite. This study investigated whether 27HC can induce intestinal fibrosis. METHODS The effects of cholesterol and 27HC on intestinal fibrosis were assessed in zebrafish and human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells. RESULTS Cholesterol and 27HC induced intestinal inflammation and collagen deposition, inhibited E-cadherin (E-ca) expression in the intestinal epithelium, and promoted nuclear translocation of β-catenin in zebrafish. Cholesterol and 27HC up-regulated expression of COL-1, α-SMA, CTGF, TIMP1, N-cadherin, vimentin, glycogen synthesis kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and β-catenin, but inhibited E-ca, in Caco-2 cells. The expression of these proteins was inhibited by CYP27A1 knockdown and β-catenin knockdown. 27HC-induced nuclear translocation of β-catenin occurs in Caco-2 cells. p38, ERK, and AKT activate β-catenin and thereby participate in 27HC-induced epithelia-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and fibrosis. 27HC-increased oxidative stress and the fibrosis and EMT markers, the nuclear translocation of β-catenin, and the up-regulation of p-cell kinase proteins promoted by 27HC were inhibited by N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC). Folic acid (FA), resveratrol (RES), and NAC all ameliorated the 27HC-induced effects in Caco-2 cells and zebrafish. CONCLUSION A high-cholesterol diet caused intestinal fibrosis in zebrafish, mediated by a major cholesterol metabolite, 27HC. 27HC increased oxidative stress and activated p38, ERK, AKT, and β-catenin, leading to EMT of epithelial cells and intestinal fibrosis. FA and RES both ameliorated intestinal fibrosis by restraining 27HC-induced β-catenin activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xiao
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunyan Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yifan Ni
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kailin Jiao
- Department of Nutrition, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Ming Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Zhong Li
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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11
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Bos S, Lobatón T, De Vos M, Van Welden S, Plekhova V, De Paepe E, Vanhaecke L, Laukens D. A comprehensive metabolite fingerprint of fibrostenosis in patients with Crohn's disease. Sci Rep 2023; 13:23036. [PMID: 38155265 PMCID: PMC10754816 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50461-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal fibrostenosis in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) is a common and untreatable comorbidity that is notoriously difficult to monitor. We aimed to find metabolites associated with the presence of fibrostenosis in patients with CD using targeted and untargeted metabolomics analyses of serum and primary cell cultures using hyphenated ultra-high performance liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry. Targeted metabolomics revealed 11 discriminating metabolites in serum, which were enriched within the arginine and proline metabolism pathway. Based on untargeted metabolomics and discriminant analysis, 166 components showed a high predictive value. In addition, human intestinal fibroblasts isolated from stenotic tissue were characterized by differential levels of medium-chain dicarboxylic acids, which are proposed as an energy source through beta-oxidation, when oxidative phosphorylation is insufficient. Another energy providing pathway in such situations is anaerobic glycolysis, a theory supported by increased expression of hexokinase 2 and solute carrier family 16 member 1 in stenotic fibroblasts. Of interest, four (unannotated) metabolic components showed a negative correlation with hexokinase 2 gene expression. Together, this study provides a discriminative metabolic fingerprint in the serum and in intestinal fibroblasts of stenotic and non-stenotic patients with CD suggestive for increased production of building blocks for collagen synthesis and increased glycolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Bos
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, C. Heymanslaan 10, 0MRB2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Triana Lobatón
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, C. Heymanslaan 10, 0MRB2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Martine De Vos
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, C. Heymanslaan 10, 0MRB2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sophie Van Welden
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, C. Heymanslaan 10, 0MRB2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Vera Plekhova
- Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ellen De Paepe
- Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lynn Vanhaecke
- Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Debby Laukens
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, C. Heymanslaan 10, 0MRB2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.
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12
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Li X, Yu M, Zhao Q, Yu Y. Prospective therapeutics for intestinal and hepatic fibrosis. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10579. [PMID: 38023697 PMCID: PMC10658571 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, there are no effective therapies for intestinal and hepatic fibrosis representing a considerable unmet need. Breakthroughs in pathogenesis have accelerated the development of anti-fibrotic therapeutics in recent years. Particularly, with the development of nanotechnology, the harsh environment of the gastrointestinal tract and inaccessible microenvironment of fibrotic lesions seem to be no longer considered a great barrier to the use of anti-fibrotic drugs. In this review, we comprehensively summarize recent preclinical and clinical studies on intestinal and hepatic fibrosis. It is found that the targets for preclinical studies on intestinal fibrosis is varied, which could be divided into molecular, cellular, and tissues level, although little clinical trials are ongoing. Liver fibrosis clinical trials have focused on improving metabolic disorders, preventing the activation and proliferation of hepatic stellate cells, promoting the degradation of collagen, and reducing inflammation and cell death. At the preclinical stage, the therapeutic strategies have focused on drug targets and delivery systems. At last, promising remedies to the current challenges are based on multi-modal synergistic and targeted delivery therapies through mesenchymal stem cells, nanotechnology, and gut-liver axis providing useful insights into anti-fibrotic strategies for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Mengli Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fourth Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineYiwuChina
| | - Qingwei Zhao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Yang Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical SciencesSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
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13
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Singh AK, Rai A, Weber A, Gericke M, Janssen KP, Moser M, Posern G. MRTF-A gain-of-function in mice impairs homeostatic renewal of the intestinal epithelium. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:639. [PMID: 37770456 PMCID: PMC10539384 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06158-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
The actin-regulated transcription factor MRTF-A represents a central relay in mechanotransduction and controls a subset of SRF-dependent target genes. However, gain-of-function studies in vivo are lacking. Here we characterize a conditional MRTF-A transgenic mouse model. While MRTF-A gain-of-function impaired embryonic development, induced expression of constitutively active MRTF-A provoked rapid hepatocyte ballooning and liver failure in adult mice. Specific expression in the intestinal epithelium caused an erosive architectural distortion, villus blunting, cryptal hyperplasia and colonic inflammation, resulting in transient weight loss. Organoids from transgenic mice repeatedly induced in vitro showed impaired self-renewal and defective cryptal compartments. Mechanistically, MRTF-A gain-of-function decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis, but did not induce fibrosis. MRTF-A targets including Acta2 and Pai-1 were induced, whereas markers of stem cells and differentiated cells were reduced. Our results suggest that activated MRTF-A in the intestinal epithelium shifts the balance between proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Kumar Singh
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06114, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Amrita Rai
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Anja Weber
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06114, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Martin Gericke
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Klaus-Peter Janssen
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Moser
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Guido Posern
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06114, Halle (Saale), Germany.
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14
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Macias-Ceja DC, Mendoza-Ballesteros MT, Ortega-Albiach M, Barrachina MD, Ortiz-Masià D. Role of the epithelial barrier in intestinal fibrosis associated with inflammatory bowel disease: relevance of the epithelial-to mesenchymal transition. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1258843. [PMID: 37822869 PMCID: PMC10562728 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1258843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), chronic inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract can lead to tissue damage and remodelling, which can ultimately result in fibrosis. Prolonged injury and inflammation can trigger the activation of fibroblasts and extracellular matrix (ECM) components. As fibrosis progresses, the tissue becomes increasingly stiff and less functional, which can lead to complications such as intestinal strictures, obstructive symptoms, and eventually, organ dysfunction. Epithelial cells play a key role in fibrosis, as they secrete cytokines and growth factors that promote fibroblast activation and ECM deposition. Additionally, epithelial cells can undergo a process called epithelial-mesenchymal transition, in which they acquire a more mesenchymal-like phenotype and contribute directly to fibroblast activation and ECM deposition. Overall, the interactions between epithelial cells, immune cells, and fibroblasts play a critical role in the development and progression of fibrosis in IBD. Understanding these complex interactions may provide new targets for therapeutic interventions to prevent or treat fibrosis in IBD. In this review, we have collected and discussed the recent literature highlighting the contribution of epithelial cells to the pathogenesis of the fibrotic complications of IBD, including evidence of EMT, the epigenetic control of the EMT, the potential influence of the intestinal microbiome in EMT, and the possible therapeutic strategies to target EMT. Finally we discuss the pro-fibrotic interactions epithelial-immune cells and epithelial-fibroblasts cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulce C. Macias-Ceja
- Departamento de Farmacología and CIBEREHD, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - M. Dolores Barrachina
- Departamento de Farmacología and CIBEREHD, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Dolores Ortiz-Masià
- Departamento de Farmacología and CIBEREHD, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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15
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De Kock I, Bos S, Delrue L, Van Welden S, Bunyard P, Hindryckx P, De Vos M, Villeirs G, Laukens D. MRI texture analysis of T2-weighted images is preferred over magnetization transfer imaging for readily longitudinal quantification of gut fibrosis. Eur Radiol 2023; 33:5943-5952. [PMID: 37071162 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-023-09624-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the value of magnetization transfer (MT) MRI and texture analysis (TA) of T2-weighted MR images (T2WI) in the assessment of intestinal fibrosis in a mouse model. METHODS Chronic colitis was induced in mice by cyclic administration of dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) resulting in chronic inflammation and progressive bowel fibrosis. Mice underwent 7-T MR imaging at various time points. Bowel wall MT ratio (MTR) and textural features (skewness, kurtosis, entropy), extracted by a filtration histogram technique, were correlated with histopathology. Performance of both techniques were validated using antifibrotic therapy. Finally, a retrospective study was conducted in five patients with Crohn's disease (CD) who underwent bowel surgery. RESULTS MTR and texture entropy correlated with histopathological fibrosis (r = .85 and .81, respectively). Entropy was superior to MTR for monitoring bowel fibrosis in the presence of coexisting inflammation (linear regression R2 = .93 versus R2 = .01). Furthermore, texture entropy was able to assess antifibrotic therapy response (placebo mice versus treated mice at endpoint scan; Δmean = 0.128, p < .0001). An increase in entropy was indicative of fibrosis accumulation in human CD strictures (inflammation: 1.29; mixed strictures: 1.4 and 1.48; fibrosis: 1.73 and 1.9). CONCLUSION MT imaging and TA of T2WI can both noninvasively detect established intestinal fibrosis in a mouse model. However, TA is especially useful for the longitudinal quantification of fibrosis in mixed inflammatory-fibrotic tissue, as well as for antifibrotic treatment response evaluation. This accessible post-processing technique merits further validation as the benefits for clinical practice as well as antifibrotic trial design would be numerous. KEY POINTS • Magnetization transfer MRI and texture analysis of T2-weighted MR images can detect established bowel fibrosis in an animal model of gut fibrosis. • Texture entropy is able to identify and monitor bowel fibrosis progression in an inflammatory context and can assess the response to antifibrotic treatment. • A proof-of-concept study in five patients with Crohn's disease suggests that texture entropy can detect and grade fibrosis in human intestinal strictures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle De Kock
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Simon Bos
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 0MRB2, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Louke Delrue
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sophie Van Welden
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 0MRB2, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Pieter Hindryckx
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Martine De Vos
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert Villeirs
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Debby Laukens
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 0MRB2, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.
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16
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Qian W, Xu Y, Wen W, Huang L, Guo Z, Zhu W, Li Y. Exosomal miR-103a-3p from Crohn's Creeping Fat-Derived Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Contributes to Intestinal Fibrosis by Targeting TGFBR3 and Activating Fibroblasts. J Crohns Colitis 2023; 17:1291-1308. [PMID: 36897738 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjad042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Mesenteric adipose tissue hypertrophy is a hallmark of Crohn's disease [CD], and creeping fat [CF] is unique to CD. Adipose-derived stem cells [ASCs] from inflammatory tissue exhibited altered biological functions. The role of ASCs isolated from CF in intestinal fibrosis and the potential mechanism remain unclear. METHODS ASCs were isolated from CF [CF-ASCs] and disease-unaffected mesenteric adipose tissue [Ctrl-ASCs] of patients with CD. A series of in vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to study the effects of exosomes from CF-ASCs [CF-Exos] on intestinal fibrosis and fibroblast activation. A micro-RNA microarray analysis was performed. Western blot, luciferase assay and immunofluorescence were performed to further detect the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS The results indicated that CF-Exos promoted intestinal fibrosis by activating fibroblasts in a dose-dependent manner. They continuously promoted progression of intestinal fibrosis even after dextran sulphate sodium withdrawal. Further analysis showed that exosomal miR-103a-3p was enriched in CF-Exos and participated in exosome-mediated fibroblast activation. TGFBR3 was identified as a target gene of miR-103a-3p. Mechanistically, CF-ASCs released exosomal miR-103a-3p and promoted fibroblast activation by targeting TGFBR3 and promoting Smad2/3 phosphorylation. We also found that the expression of miR-103a-3p in diseased intestine was positively associated with the degree of CF and fibrosis score. CONCLUSION Our findings show that exosomal miR-103a-3p from CF-ASCs promotes intestinal fibrosis by activating fibroblasts via TGFBR3 targeting, suggesting that CF-ASCs are potential therapeutic targets for intestinal fibrosis in CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwei Qian
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, No. 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yihan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, No. 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Weiwei Wen
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, No. 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Liangyu Huang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhen Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, No. 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Weiming Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, No. 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, PR China
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, No. 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, No. 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, PR China
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, No. 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, PR China
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17
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Lis-López L, Bauset C, Seco-Cervera M, Macias-Ceja D, Navarro F, Álvarez Á, Esplugues JV, Calatayud S, Barrachina MD, Ortiz-Masià D, Cosín-Roger J. P2X7 Receptor Regulates Collagen Expression in Human Intestinal Fibroblasts: Relevance in Intestinal Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12936. [PMID: 37629116 PMCID: PMC10454509 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal fibrosis is a common complication that affects more than 50% of Crohn´s Disease (CD) patients. There is no pharmacological treatment against this complication, with surgery being the only option. Due to the unknown role of P2X7 in intestinal fibrosis, we aim to analyze the relevance of this receptor in CD complications. Surgical resections from CD and non-Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) patients were obtained. Intestinal fibrosis was induced with two different murine models: heterotopic transplant model and chronic-DSS colitis in wild-type and P2X7-/- mice. Human small intestine fibroblasts (HSIFs) were transfected with an siRNA against P2X7 and treated with TGF-β. A gene and protein expression of P2X7 receptor was significantly increased in CD compared to non-IBD patients. The lack of P2X7 in mice provoked an enhanced collagen deposition and increased expression of several profibrotic markers in both murine models of intestinal fibrosis. Furthermore, P2X7-/- mice exhibited a higher expression of proinflammatory cytokines and a lower expression of M2 macrophage markers. Moreover, the transient silencing of the P2X7 receptor in HSIFs significantly induced the expression of Col1a1 and potentiated the expression of Col4 and Col5a1 after TGF-β treatment. P2X7 regulates collagen expression in human intestinal fibroblasts, while the lack of this receptor aggravates intestinal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lluis Lis-López
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (L.L.-L.); (C.B.); (D.M.-C.); (Á.Á.); (J.V.E.); (S.C.); (M.D.B.)
| | - Cristina Bauset
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (L.L.-L.); (C.B.); (D.M.-C.); (Á.Á.); (J.V.E.); (S.C.); (M.D.B.)
| | - Marta Seco-Cervera
- FISABIO (Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica), Hospital Dr. Peset, 46017 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Dulce Macias-Ceja
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (L.L.-L.); (C.B.); (D.M.-C.); (Á.Á.); (J.V.E.); (S.C.); (M.D.B.)
| | - Francisco Navarro
- Servicio Cirugía y Coloproctología, Hospital de Manises, 46940 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Ángeles Álvarez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (L.L.-L.); (C.B.); (D.M.-C.); (Á.Á.); (J.V.E.); (S.C.); (M.D.B.)
- CIBERehd (Centro de Investigaciones en Red Enfermedad Hepática y Digestiva), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Vicente Esplugues
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (L.L.-L.); (C.B.); (D.M.-C.); (Á.Á.); (J.V.E.); (S.C.); (M.D.B.)
- CIBERehd (Centro de Investigaciones en Red Enfermedad Hepática y Digestiva), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Calatayud
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (L.L.-L.); (C.B.); (D.M.-C.); (Á.Á.); (J.V.E.); (S.C.); (M.D.B.)
- CIBERehd (Centro de Investigaciones en Red Enfermedad Hepática y Digestiva), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Dolores Barrachina
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (L.L.-L.); (C.B.); (D.M.-C.); (Á.Á.); (J.V.E.); (S.C.); (M.D.B.)
- CIBERehd (Centro de Investigaciones en Red Enfermedad Hepática y Digestiva), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores Ortiz-Masià
- CIBERehd (Centro de Investigaciones en Red Enfermedad Hepática y Digestiva), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Jesús Cosín-Roger
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (L.L.-L.); (C.B.); (D.M.-C.); (Á.Á.); (J.V.E.); (S.C.); (M.D.B.)
- CIBERehd (Centro de Investigaciones en Red Enfermedad Hepática y Digestiva), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Tavares de Sousa H, Magro F. How to Evaluate Fibrosis in IBD? Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2188. [PMID: 37443582 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13132188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we will describe the importance of fibrosis in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) by discussing its distinct impact on Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) through their translation to histopathology. We will address the existing knowledge on the correlation between inflammation and fibrosis and the still not fully explained inflammation-independent fibrogenesis. Finally, we will compile and discuss the recent advances in the noninvasive assessment of intestinal fibrosis, including imaging and biomarkers. Based on the available data, none of the available cross-sectional imaging (CSI) techniques has proved to be capable of measuring CD fibrosis accurately, with MRE showing the most promising performance along with elastography. Very recent research with radiomics showed encouraging results, but further validation with reliable radiomic biomarkers is warranted. Despite the interesting results with micro-RNAs, further advances on the topic of fibrosis biomarkers depend on the development of robust clinical trials based on solid and validated endpoints. We conclude that it seems very likely that radiomics and AI will participate in the future non-invasive fibrosis assessment by CSI techniques in IBD. However, as of today, surgical pathology remains the gold standard for the diagnosis and quantification of intestinal fibrosis in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Tavares de Sousa
- Gastroenterology Department, Algarve University Hospital Center, 8500-338 Portimão, Portugal
- ABC-Algarve Biomedical Center, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Fernando Magro
- Unit of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Gastroenterology, São João University Hospital Center, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
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Macias-Ceja DC, Barrachina MD, Ortiz-Masià D. Autophagy in intestinal fibrosis: relevance in inflammatory bowel disease. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1170436. [PMID: 37397491 PMCID: PMC10307973 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1170436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is often associated with fibrotic disorders in which an excessive deposition of extracellular matrix is a hallmark. Long-term fibrosis starts with tissue hypofunction and finally ends in organ failure. Intestinal fibrosis is not an exception, and it is a frequent complication of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Several studies have confirmed the link between deregulated autophagy and fibrosis and the presence of common prognostic markers; indeed, both up- and downregulation of autophagy are presumed to be implicated in the progression of fibrosis. A better knowledge of the role of autophagy in fibrosis may lead to it becoming a potential target of antifibrotic therapy. In this review we explore novel advances in the field that highlight the relevance of autophagy in fibrosis, and give special focus to fibrosis in IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulce C. Macias-Ceja
- Departamento de Farmacología and CIBER, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - María D. Barrachina
- Departamento de Farmacología and CIBER, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Dolores Ortiz-Masià
- Departamento de Farmacología and CIBER, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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20
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Solitano V, Dal Buono A, Gabbiadini R, Wozny M, Repici A, Spinelli A, Vetrano S, Armuzzi A. Fibro-Stenosing Crohn's Disease: What Is New and What Is Next? J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12093052. [PMID: 37176493 PMCID: PMC10179180 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12093052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibro-stenosing Crohn's disease (CD) is a common disease presentation that leads to impaired quality of life and often requires endoscopic treatments or surgery. From a pathobiology perspective, the conventional view that intestinal fibro-stenosis is an irreversible condition has been disproved. Currently, there are no existing imaging techniques that can accurately quantify the amount of fibrosis within a stricture, and managing patients is challenging, requiring a multidisciplinary team. Novel therapies targeting different molecular components of the fibrotic pathways are increasing regarding other diseases outside the gut. However, a large gap between clinical need and the lack of anti-fibrotic agents in CD remains. This paper reviews the current state of pathobiology behind fibro-stenosing CD, provides an updated diagnostic and therapeutic approach, and finally, focuses on clinical trial endpoints and possible targets of anti-fibrotic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Solitano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON N6A 4V2, Canada
| | - Arianna Dal Buono
- IBD Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Gabbiadini
- IBD Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Marek Wozny
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Repici
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy
- Department of Endoscopy, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Antonino Spinelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Vetrano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy
- IBD Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Armuzzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy
- IBD Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
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21
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TRIM40 is a pathogenic driver of inflammatory bowel disease subverting intestinal barrier integrity. Nat Commun 2023; 14:700. [PMID: 36755029 PMCID: PMC9908899 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36424-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The cortical actin cytoskeleton plays a critical role in maintaining intestinal epithelial integrity, and the loss of this architecture leads to chronic inflammation, as seen in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the exact mechanisms underlying aberrant actin remodeling in pathological states remain largely unknown. Here, we show that a subset of patients with IBD exhibits substantially higher levels of tripartite motif-containing protein 40 (TRIM40), a gene that is hardly detectable in healthy individuals. TRIM40 is an E3 ligase that directly targets Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinase 1 (ROCK1), an essential kinase involved in promoting cell-cell junctions, markedly decreasing the phosphorylation of key signaling factors critical for cortical actin formation and stabilization. This causes failure of the epithelial barrier function, thereby promoting a long-lived inflammatory response. A mutant TRIM40 lacking the RING, B-box, or C-terminal domains has impaired ability to accelerate ROCK1 degradation-driven cortical actin disruption. Accordingly, Trim40-deficient male mice are highly resistant to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. Our findings highlight that aberrant upregulation of TRIM40, which is epigenetically silenced under healthy conditions, drives IBD by subverting cortical actin formation and exacerbating epithelial barrier dysfunction.
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22
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He S, Wang J, Huang Y, Kong F, Yang R, Zhan Y, Li Z, Ye C, Meng L, Ren Y, Zhou Y, Chen G, Shen Z, Sun S, Zheng S, Dong R. Intestinal fibrosis in aganglionic segment of Hirschsprung's disease revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing. Clin Transl Med 2023; 13:e1193. [PMID: 36738110 PMCID: PMC9898741 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR) is a relatively common congenital disability. Accumulating extracellular matrix (ECM) prompts intestinal fibrosis remodelling in the aganglionic segments of HSCR. The contributions of various cellular subsets in the fibrogenesis of HSCR segments are poorly understood. METHODS Single-cell transcriptomics from 8 aganglionic segments and 5 normal segments of 7 HSCR subjects and 26 healthy segments of seven healthy donors were analysed. Fibrotic phenotype and alterations were explored using differential expression analysis and single-cell trajectory analysis. Fibrosis-related transcription factors were inferred through single-cell regulatory network inference. Bulk transcriptomic data, proteomic data, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and real-time polymerase chain reaction were used to validate the alterations in the HSCR intestine. RESULTS Various collagen, fibronectin and laminin protein-coding genes expression were up-regulated in the stromal and glial cells of the HSCR intestine. The number of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts in the aganglionic segments increased, and more myofibroblasts were activated at an earlier stage in HSCR segments, which infers that there is an intestinal fibrosis phenotype in HSCR segments. The fibrotic regulators POSTN, ANXA1 and HSP70 were highly expressed in the ECM-related cellular subsets in the transitional segments and aganglionic segments. The transcription factor regulatory network revealed that fibrosis-related and megacolon-related NR2F1 in the fibroblasts and glial subsets was up-regulated in the aganglionic segment. CONCLUSIONS This work identifies intestinal fibrosis and related regulators in aganglionic segments of HSCR; hence, anti-fibrotic therapy may be considered to prevent HSCR-associated enterocolitis (HAEC), relieve intestinal stricture and improve cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei He
- Department of Pediatric SurgeryShanghai Key Laboratory of Birth DefectChildren's Hospital of Fudan UniversityMinistry of HealthShanghaiChina
| | - Junfeng Wang
- Department of Pediatric SurgeryShanghai Key Laboratory of Birth DefectChildren's Hospital of Fudan UniversityMinistry of HealthShanghaiChina
| | - Yanlei Huang
- Department of Pediatric SurgeryShanghai Key Laboratory of Birth DefectChildren's Hospital of Fudan UniversityMinistry of HealthShanghaiChina
| | - Fanyang Kong
- Department of Pediatric SurgeryShanghai Key Laboratory of Birth DefectChildren's Hospital of Fudan UniversityMinistry of HealthShanghaiChina
| | - Ran Yang
- Department of Pediatric SurgeryShanghai Key Laboratory of Birth DefectChildren's Hospital of Fudan UniversityMinistry of HealthShanghaiChina
| | - Yong Zhan
- Department of Pediatric SurgeryShanghai Key Laboratory of Birth DefectChildren's Hospital of Fudan UniversityMinistry of HealthShanghaiChina
| | - Zifeng Li
- Department of Pediatric SurgeryShanghai Key Laboratory of Birth DefectChildren's Hospital of Fudan UniversityMinistry of HealthShanghaiChina
| | - Chunjing Ye
- Department of Pediatric SurgeryShanghai Key Laboratory of Birth DefectChildren's Hospital of Fudan UniversityMinistry of HealthShanghaiChina
| | - Lingdu Meng
- Department of Pediatric SurgeryShanghai Key Laboratory of Birth DefectChildren's Hospital of Fudan UniversityMinistry of HealthShanghaiChina
| | - Yankang Ren
- Department of Pediatric SurgeryShanghai Key Laboratory of Birth DefectChildren's Hospital of Fudan UniversityMinistry of HealthShanghaiChina
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Pediatric SurgeryShanghai Key Laboratory of Birth DefectChildren's Hospital of Fudan UniversityMinistry of HealthShanghaiChina
| | - Gong Chen
- Department of Pediatric SurgeryShanghai Key Laboratory of Birth DefectChildren's Hospital of Fudan UniversityMinistry of HealthShanghaiChina
| | - Zhen Shen
- Department of Pediatric SurgeryShanghai Key Laboratory of Birth DefectChildren's Hospital of Fudan UniversityMinistry of HealthShanghaiChina
| | - Song Sun
- Department of Pediatric SurgeryShanghai Key Laboratory of Birth DefectChildren's Hospital of Fudan UniversityMinistry of HealthShanghaiChina
| | - Shan Zheng
- Department of Pediatric SurgeryShanghai Key Laboratory of Birth DefectChildren's Hospital of Fudan UniversityMinistry of HealthShanghaiChina
| | - Rui Dong
- Department of Pediatric SurgeryShanghai Key Laboratory of Birth DefectChildren's Hospital of Fudan UniversityMinistry of HealthShanghaiChina
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Pant A, Yao X, Lavedrine A, Viret C, Dockterman J, Chauhan S, Chong-Shan Shi, Manjithaya R, Cadwell K, Kufer TA, Kehrl JH, Coers J, Sibley LD, Faure M, Taylor GA, Chauhan S. Interactions of Autophagy and the Immune System in Health and Diseases. AUTOPHAGY REPORTS 2022; 1:438-515. [PMID: 37425656 PMCID: PMC10327624 DOI: 10.1080/27694127.2022.2119743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved process that utilizes lysosomes to selectively degrade a variety of intracellular cargo, thus providing quality control over cellular components and maintaining cellular regulatory functions. Autophagy is triggered by multiple stimuli ranging from nutrient starvation to microbial infection. Autophagy extensively shapes and modulates the inflammatory response, the concerted action of immune cells, and secreted mediators aimed to eradicate a microbial infection or to heal sterile tissue damage. Here, we first review how autophagy affects innate immune signaling, cell-autonomous immune defense, and adaptive immunity. Then, we discuss the role of non-canonical autophagy in microbial infections and inflammation. Finally, we review how crosstalk between autophagy and inflammation influences infectious, metabolic, and autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Pant
- Autophagy Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Xiaomin Yao
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Aude Lavedrine
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
- Equipe Labellisée par la Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, FRM
| | - Christophe Viret
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
- Equipe Labellisée par la Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, FRM
| | - Jake Dockterman
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Swati Chauhan
- Cell biology and Infectious diseases, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Chong-Shan Shi
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ravi Manjithaya
- Autophagy Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, India
- Neuroscience Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Ken Cadwell
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Thomas A. Kufer
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - John H. Kehrl
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jörn Coers
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - L. David Sibley
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University Sch. Med., St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Mathias Faure
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
- Equipe Labellisée par la Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, FRM
| | - Gregory A Taylor
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University Sch. Med., St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Health Care Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Departments of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, and Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University, Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Santosh Chauhan
- Cell biology and Infectious diseases, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
- CSIR–Centre For Cellular And Molecular Biology (CCMB), Hyderabad, Telangana
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Resolvin D1 Prevents Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Reduces Collagen Deposition by Stimulating Autophagy in Intestinal Fibrosis. Dig Dis Sci 2022; 67:4749-4759. [PMID: 35013877 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-021-07356-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal fibrosis is the most common complication of inflammatory bowel disease; nevertheless, specific therapies are still unavailable. Resolvin D1 (RvD1), a typical endogenous ω-3 fatty acid-derived lipid mediator, has attracted wide attention due to its remarkable anti-fibrosis effects. However, the efficacy and mechanisms of RvD1 in intestinal fibrosis remain unclear. AIM To investigate the protective effect of RvD1 in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced intestinal fibrosis model and explore the molecular mechanisms underlying its anti-fibrotic effect. METHODS A DSS-induced intestinal fibrosis model and intestinal epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) model were used to observe the efficacy of RvD1, and fibroblasts were stimulated with conditioned medium with or without TGF-β1 to investigate the probable mechanisms of RvD1 in intestinal fibrosis disease. RESULTS Intestinal fibrosis was effectively alleviated by RvD1 in a DSS-induced model, both preventively and therapeutically, and autophagy inhibition-induced EMT in intestinal epithelial cells was significantly suppressed in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, RvD1 reduced epithelial cell EMT paracrine signaling, which promoted the differentiation of local fibroblasts into myofibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that RvD1 reduces autophagy-induced EMT in intestinal epithelial cells and ameliorates intestinal fibrosis by disrupting epithelial-fibroblast crosstalk.
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25
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Yao H, Tang G. Macrophages in intestinal fibrosis and regression. Cell Immunol 2022; 381:104614. [PMID: 36182587 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2022.104614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal macrophages are heterogenous cell populations with different developmental ontogeny and tissue anatomy. The concerted actions of intestinal macrophage subsets are critical to maintaining tissue homeostasis. However, the dysregulation of macrophages following tissue injury or chronic inflammation could also lead to intestinal fibrosis, with few treatment options in the clinic. In this review, we will characterize the features of intestinal macrophages in light of the latest advances in lineage tracing and single-cell sequencing technology. The roles of macrophages in distinct stages of intestinal fibrosis would be also elaborated. Finally, based on the reciprocal interaction between macrophages and intestinal fibrosis, we will propose the potential macrophage targeting anti-intestinal fibrosis therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yao
- Department of Oral Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China; National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Guoyao Tang
- Department of Oral Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China; National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China.
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26
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Laudadio I, Bastianelli A, Fulci V, Carissimi C, Colantoni E, Palone F, Vitali R, Lorefice E, Cucchiara S, Negroni A, Stronati L. ZNF281 Promotes Colon Fibroblast Activation in TGFβ1-Induced Gut Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810261. [PMID: 36142169 PMCID: PMC9499662 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are chronic inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. Chronic inflammation is the main factor leading to intestinal fibrosis, resulting in recurrent stenosis, especially in CD patients. Currently, the underlying molecular mechanisms of fibrosis are still unclear. ZNF281 is a zinc-finger transcriptional regulator that has been characterized as an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-inducing transcription factor, suggesting its involvement in the regulation of pluripotency, stemness, and cancer. The aim of this study is to investigate in vivo and in vitro the role of ZNF281 in intestinal fibrogenesis. Intestinal fibrosis was studied in vivo in C57BL/6J mice with chronic colitis induced by two or three cycles of administration of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). The contribution of ZNF281 to gut fibrosis was studied in vitro in the human colon fibroblast cell line CCD-18Co, activated by the pro-fibrotic cytokine TGFβ1. ZNF281 was downregulated by siRNA transfection, and RNA-sequencing was performed to identify genes regulated by TGFβ1 in activated colon fibroblasts via ZNF281. Results showed a marked increase of ZNF281 in in vivo murine fibrotic colon as well as in in vitro human colon fibroblasts activated by TGFβ1. Moreover, abrogation of ZNF281 in TGFβ1-treated fibroblasts affected the expression of genes belonging to specific pathways linked to fibroblast activation and differentiation into myofibroblasts. We demonstrated that ZNF281 is a key regulator of colon fibroblast activation and myofibroblast differentiation upon fibrotic stimuli by transcriptionally controlling extracellular matrix (ECM) composition, remodeling, and cell contraction, highlighting a new role in the onset and progression of gut fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Laudadio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Alex Bastianelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio Fulci
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Carissimi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Palone
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, ENEA, 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Vitali
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, ENEA, 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Lorefice
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cucchiara
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Negroni
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, ENEA, 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Stronati
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy
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27
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Lee HJ. Therapeutic Potential of the Combination of Pentoxifylline and Vitamin-E in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Inhibition of Intestinal Fibrosis. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11164713. [PMID: 36012952 PMCID: PMC9410449 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11164713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although intestinal fibrosis is a consequence of recurrent inflammation in Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), alleviating inflammation alone does not prevent the progression of fibrosis, suggesting that the development of direct anti-fibrotic agents is necessary. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-fibrotic properties of combination treatment with pentoxifylline (PTX) and vitamin E (Vit-E) on human primary intestinal myofibroblasts (HIMFs) and the therapeutic potential of the combination therapy in murine models of IBD. Methods: HIMFs were pretreated with PTX, Vit-E, or both, and incubated with TGF-β1. We performed Western blot, qPCR, collagen staining, and immunofluorescence to estimate the anti-fibrotic effects of PTX and Vit-E. The cytotoxicity of these was investigated through MTT assay. To induce murine models of IBD for in vivo study, C57BL/6 mice were treated with repeated cycles of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), developing chronic colitis. We examined whether the combined PTX and Vit-E treatment would effectively ameliorate colonic fibrosis in vivo. Results: We found that the co-treatment with PTX and Vit-E suppressed TGF-β1-induced expression of fibrogenic markers, with decreased expression of pERK, pSmad2, and pJNK, more than either treatment alone in HIMFs. Neither PTX nor Vit-E showed any significant cytotoxicity in given concentrations. Consistently with the in vitro results, the co-administration with PTX and Vit-E effectively attenuated colonic fibrosis with recovery from thickening and shortening of colon in murine models of IBD. Conclusions: These findings demonstrated that the combination of PTX and Vit-E exhibits significant anti-fibrotic effects in both HIMFs and in vivo IBD models, providing a promising therapy for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Joo Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 13496, Korea; ; Tel.: +82-31-881-7075
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 13488, Korea
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Zhao L, Lan Z, Peng L, Wan L, Liu D, Tan X, Tang C, Chen G, Liu H. Triptolide promotes autophagy to inhibit mesangial cell proliferation in IgA nephropathy via the CARD9/p38 MAPK pathway. Cell Prolif 2022; 55:e13278. [PMID: 35733381 PMCID: PMC9436901 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mesangial cell proliferation is the most basic pathological feature of immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN); however, the specific underlying mechanism and an appropriate therapeutic strategy are yet to be unearthed. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of triptolide (TP) on IgAN and the mechanism by which TP regulates autophagy and proliferation of mesangial cells through the CARD9/p38 MAPK pathway. Methods We established a TP‐treated IgAN mouse model and produced IgA1‐induced human mesangial cells (HMC) and divided them into control, TP, IgAN, and IgAN+TP groups. The levels of mesangial cell proliferation (PCNA, cyclin D1, cell viability, and cell cycle) and autophagy (P62, LC3 II, and autophagy flux rate) were measured, with the autophagy inhibitor 3‐Methyladenine used to explore the relationship between autophagy and proliferation. We observed CARD9 expression in renal biopsies from patients and analyzed its clinical significance. CARD9 siRNA and overexpression plasmids were constructed to investigate the changes in mesangial cell proliferation and autophagy as well as the expression of CARD9 and p‐p38 MAPK/p38 MAPK following TP treatment. Results Administering TP was safe and effectively alleviated mesangial cell proliferation in IgAN mice. Moreover, TP inhibited IgA1‐induced HMC proliferation by promoting autophagy. The high expression of CARD9 in IgAN patients was positively correlated with the severity of HMC proliferation. CARD9/p38 MAPK was involved in the regulation of HMC autophagy and proliferation, and TP promoted autophagy to inhibit HMC proliferation by downregulating the CARD9/p38 MAPK pathway in IgAN. Conclusion TP promotes autophagy to inhibit mesangial cell proliferation in IgAN via the CARD9/p38 MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhixin Lan
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Liang Peng
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lili Wan
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Di Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xia Tan
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chengyuan Tang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guochun Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Yu M, Zhu W, Wang J, Chen X, He X, Lin B, Cen L, Zhou T, Lu C, Yu C, Sun J. Caveolin-1 Alleviates Crohn's Disease-induced Intestinal Fibrosis by Inhibiting Fibroblasts Autophagy Through Modulating Sequestosome 1. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2022; 28:923-935. [PMID: 35020883 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izab342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal fibrosis is a common complication of Crohn's disease (CD) and is characterized by the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix produced by activated myofibroblasts. Caveolin-1 (CAV1) inhibits fibrosis. However, limited data show that CAV1 affects intestinal fibrosis. METHODS Human CD tissue samples were gained from patients with CD who underwent surgical resection of the intestine and were defined as stenotic or nonstenotic areas. A dextran sodium sulfate-induced mouse model of intestinal fibrosis was established. For in vitro experiments, we purchased CCD-18Co intestinal fibrosis cells and isolated and cultured human primary colonic fibroblasts. These fibroblasts were activated by transforming growth factor β administration for 48 hours. In the functional experiments, a specific small interfering RNA or overexpression plasmid was transfected into fibroblasts. The messenger RNA levels of fibrosis markers, such as α-smooth muscle actin, fibronectin, connective tissue growth factor, and collagen I1α, were determined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Western blot analysis was applied to detect the expression of CAV1, SQSTM1/p62 (sequestosome 1), and other fibrosis markers. RESULTS In human CD samples and the dextran sodium sulfate-induced mouse model of intestinal fibrosis, we observed a downregulation of CAV1 in fibrosis-activated areas. Mechanistically, CAV1 knockdown in both human primary colonic fibroblasts and CCD-18Co cells promoted fibroblast activation, while CAV1 overexpression inhibited fibroblast activation in vitro. We found that SQSTM1/p62 positively correlated with CAV1 expression levels in patients with CD and that it was indirectly modulated by CAV1 expression. Rescue experiments showed that CAV1 decreased primary human intestinal fibroblast activation by inhibiting fibroblast autophagy through the modulation of SQSTM1/p62. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that CAV1 deficiency induces fibroblast activation by indirectly regulating SQSTM1/p62 to promote fibroblast autophagy. CAV1 or SQSTM1/p62 may be potential therapeutic targets for intestinal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengli Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinhai Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xueyang Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinjue He
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bingru Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Cen
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianyu Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chaohui Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Xie M, Xiong Z, Yin S, Xiong J, Li X, Jin L, Zhang F, Chen H, Lan P, Lian L. Adiponectin Alleviates Intestinal Fibrosis by Enhancing AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Phosphorylation. Dig Dis Sci 2022; 67:2232-2243. [PMID: 34009553 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-021-07015-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal fibrosis is a common complication of Crohn's disease (CD). Adiponectin reportedly exerts anti-inflammatory effects in various disease models, including colitis models. AIMS In this study, we aimed to determine the effects of adiponectin on intestinal fibrosis and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS A murine model of intestinal fibrosis was established by administering increasing doses of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid to Balb/c mice via enema for 7 weeks. Primary human fibroblasts were isolated from the colon tissues of patients with CD. The fibroblasts were incubated with transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 to establish a fibrosis model in vitro. Pathway inhibitors were used to verify the potential signaling pathways involved in the anti-fibrogenic effect of adiponectin. RESULTS Compared with the normal mesentery, adiponectin expression was significantly increased in the hypertrophic mesentery of patients with CD. Intraperitoneal injection of adiponectin significantly decreased the activity of myeloperoxidase and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 6) in the colon of fibrosis model mice, whereas the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 10 was substantially increased. Moreover, adiponectin treatment inhibited colon shortening, decreased colon weight, and reduced fibrotic protein deposition in the model mice. Adiponectin reduced the phosphorylation of Smad2 and collagen deposition induced by TGF-β1 in primary human intestinal fibroblasts, with an increase in AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation. Furthermore, this phenomenon was reversed by the AMPK inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS Adiponectin can protect against intestinal fibrosis by enhancing the phosphorylation of AMPK and inhibiting the activity of the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghao Xie
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 26 Yuancun Er Heng Rd., Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhizhong Xiong
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 26 Yuancun Er Heng Rd., Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi Yin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 26 Yuancun Er Heng Rd., Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqing Xiong
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 26 Yuancun Er Heng Rd., Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianzhe Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 26 Yuancun Er Heng Rd., Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, People's Republic of China
| | - Longyang Jin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 26 Yuancun Er Heng Rd., Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengxiang Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 26 Yuancun Er Heng Rd., Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaxian Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 26 Yuancun Er Heng Rd., Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Lan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 26 Yuancun Er Heng Rd., Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Lian
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 26 Yuancun Er Heng Rd., Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, People's Republic of China. .,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, People's Republic of China.
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Moonwiriyakit A, Pathomthongtaweechai N, Steinhagen PR, Chantawichitwong P, Satianrapapong W, Pongkorpsakol P. Tight junctions: from molecules to gastrointestinal diseases. Tissue Barriers 2022; 11:2077620. [PMID: 35621376 PMCID: PMC10161963 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2022.2077620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal epithelium functions as a tissue barrier to prevent interaction between the internal compartment and the external milieu. Intestinal barrier function also determines epithelial polarity for the absorption of nutrients and the secretion of waste products. These vital functions require strong integrity of tight junction proteins. In fact, intestinal tight junctions that seal the paracellular space can restrict mucosal-to-serosal transport of hostile luminal contents. Tight junctions can form both an absolute barrier and a paracellular ion channel. Although defective tight junctions potentially lead to compromised intestinal barrier and the development and progression of gastrointestinal (GI) diseases, no FDA-approved therapies that recover the epithelial tight junction barrier are currently available in clinical practice. Here, we discuss the impacts and regulatory mechanisms of tight junction disruption in the gut and related diseases. We also provide an overview of potential therapeutic targets to restore the epithelial tight junction barrier in the GI tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aekkacha Moonwiriyakit
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan, Thailand
| | - Nutthapoom Pathomthongtaweechai
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan, Thailand
| | - Peter R Steinhagen
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Medical School, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Pawin Pongkorpsakol
- Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
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32
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Experimental Intestinal Stenosis Alters Crohn's Disease-Like Intestinal Inflammation in Ileitis-Prone Mice. Dig Dis Sci 2022; 67:1783-1793. [PMID: 34350516 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-021-07161-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical observations indicate that mechanical factors contribute to the expression or recurrence of Crohn's disease. We investigated whether the creation of an intestinal stenosis could alter the severity of the expected Crohn-like ileitis, in a Crohn's disease animal model, the TNFΔare/+ mouse. METHODS Thirty-six, 6-weeks-old TNFΔare/+ mice, were divided into 3 intervention groups: triple suture, single suture and sham. In the terminal ileum, in the first group, a triple suture stenosis was created, whereas, in the second, a loose suture was placed. Same triple-suture stenosis was performed on twelve wild type mice. All animals were sacrificed at 6 weeks post-operatively and the ileum parts were evaluated histopathologically. A summative total ileitis score was applied in each sample using a bespoke semiquantitative histological scoring system for the Crohn-like changes. RESULTS The triple suture stenosis induced significant muscular hypertrophy proximal to interventional site which was more prominent in TNFΔare/+ than wild type mice. In triple suture group, the total ileitis score was significantly increased proximal to the intervention as compared to the single suture (P: 0.004) and the sham groups (P: 0.013). The total ileitis score distally, was unaffected, regardless of the experimental intervention. Intestinal stenosis did not induce intestinal inflammation in wild type mice. CONCLUSION The creation of a stenosis in the terminal ileum of TNFΔare/+ mice alters Crohn-like inflammation. We assume that mechanical forces, such as intraluminal pressure, may contribute as important co-factors to the pathophysiology of Crohn's disease in genetically predisposed subjects.
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33
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D'Alessio S, Ungaro F, Noviello D, Lovisa S, Peyrin-Biroulet L, Danese S. Revisiting fibrosis in inflammatory bowel disease: the gut thickens. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 19:169-184. [PMID: 34876680 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-021-00543-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal fibrosis, which is usually the consequence of chronic inflammation, is a common complication of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. In the past few years, substantial advances have been made in the areas of pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of intestinal fibrosis. Of particular interest have been inflammation-independent mechanisms behind the gut fibrotic process, genetic and environmental risk factors (such as the role of the microbiota), and the generation of new in vitro and in vivo systems to study fibrogenesis in the gut. A huge amount of work has also been done in the area of biomarkers to predict or detect intestinal fibrosis, including novel cross-sectional imaging techniques. In parallel, researchers are embarking on developing and validating clinical trial end points and protocols to test novel antifibrotic agents, although no antifibrotic therapies are currently available. This Review presents the state of the art on the most recently identified pathogenic mechanisms of this serious IBD-related complication, focusing on possible targets of antifibrotic therapies, management strategies, and factors that might predict fibrosis progression or response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Federica Ungaro
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Noviello
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sara Lovisa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy.,IBD Centre, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Immunopathology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet
- INSERM NGERE, University of Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, Nancy, France.,Nancy University Hospital, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Silvio Danese
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy. .,University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
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34
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Gut Microbiota, Macrophages and Diet: An Intriguing New Triangle in Intestinal Fibrosis. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10030490. [PMID: 35336066 PMCID: PMC8952309 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10030490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal fibrosis is a common complication in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) without specific treatment. As macrophages are the key actors in inflammatory responses and the wound healing process, they have been extensively studied in chronic diseases these past decades. By their exceptional ability to integrate diverse stimuli in their surrounding environment, macrophages display a multitude of phenotypes to underpin a broad spectrum of functions, from the initiation to the resolution of inflammation following injury. The hypothesis that distinct macrophage subtypes could be involved in fibrogenesis and wound healing is emerging and could open up new therapeutic perspectives in the treatment of intestinal fibrosis. Gut microbiota and diet are two key factors capable of modifying intestinal macrophage profiles, shaping their specific function. Defects in macrophage polarisation, inadequate dietary habits, and alteration of microbiota composition may contribute to the development of intestinal fibrosis. In this review, we describe the intriguing triangle between intestinal macrophages, diet, and gut microbiota in homeostasis and how the perturbation of this discreet balance may lead to a pro-fibrotic environment and influence fibrogenesis in the gut.
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35
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Huang M, Jiang W, Luo C, Yang M, Ren Y. Atractylenolide III inhibits epithelial‑mesenchymal transition in small intestine epithelial cells by activating the AMPK signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2022; 25:98. [PMID: 35088892 PMCID: PMC8809054 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared with the available drugs for the treatment of fibrosis in other organs, the development of intestinal anti-fibrosis drugs is limited. Therefore, it is of practical significance to examine novel drugs to delay or block the development of intestinal fibrosis. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of atractylenolide III (ATL-III) on intestinal fibrosis. An MTT assay was used to detect the effect of ATL-III on the activity of IEC-6 cells. The migration and invasion of fibrotic cells stimulated with TGF-β were determined via wound healing and Transwell assays. An immunofluorescence assay and western blotting were conducted to assess the expression levels of protein associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The role of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway was verified using compound C (an AMPK inhibitor) treatment. The results of the present study indicated that ATL-III had no effect on the cells at a dose of 1–20 µmol/l. Moreover, ATL-III can inhibit the invasion and migration of cells induced by TGF-β1, as well as block the EMT process. It was found that ATL-III could also activate the AMPK pathway. Furthermore, compound C reduced the inhibitory effect of ATL-III on stimulated cells, which indicated that the AMPK pathway plays a role in the inhibition process. In conclusion, ATL-III may inhibit the EMT of IEC-6 cells stimulated with TGF-β1 by activating the AMPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjin Huang
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, P.R. China
| | - Wenwen Jiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, P.R. China
| | - Chunli Luo
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, P.R. China
| | - Min Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, P.R. China
| | - Yan Ren
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, P.R. China
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36
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Therapeutic Targeting of Intestinal Fibrosis in Crohn's Disease. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030429. [PMID: 35159238 PMCID: PMC8834168 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal fibrosis is one of the most threatening complications of Crohn’s disease. It occurs in more than a third of patients with this condition, is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, and surgery often represents the only available therapeutic option. The mechanisms underlying intestinal fibrosis are partly known. Studies conducted so far have shown a relevant pathogenetic role played by mesenchymal cells (especially myofibroblasts), cytokines (e.g., transforming growth factor-β), growth factors, microRNAs, intestinal microbiome, matrix stiffness, and mesenteric adipocytes. Further studies are still necessary to elucidate all the mechanisms involved in intestinal fibrosis, so that targeted therapies can be developed. Although several pre-clinical studies have been conducted so far, no anti-fibrotic therapy is yet available to prevent or reverse intestinal fibrosis. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the main therapeutic targets currently identified and the most promising anti-fibrotic therapies, which may be available in the near future.
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37
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Islam J, Agista AZ, Watanabe K, Nochi T, Aso H, Ohsaki Y, Koseki T, Komai M, Shirakawa H. Fermented rice bran supplementation attenuates chronic colitis-associated extraintestinal manifestations in female C57BL/6N mice. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 99:108855. [PMID: 34517096 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have higher incidence of extraintestinal manifestations (EIM), including liver disorders, sarcopenia, and neuroinflammation. Fermented rice bran (FRB), generated from rice bran (RB), is rich in bioactive compounds, and exhibits anti-colitis activity. However, its role in EIM prevention is still unclear. Here, for the first time, we investigated whether EIM in female C57Bl/6N mice is attenuated by FRB supplementation. EIM was induced by repeated administration of 1.5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water (4 d) followed by drinking water (12 d). Mice were divided into 3 groups-control (AIN93M), 10% RB, and 10% FRB. FRB ameliorated relapsing colitis and inflammation in muscle by significantly lowering proinflammatory cytokines Tnf-α and Il-6 in serum and advanced glycation end product-specific receptor (Ager) in serum and muscle when compared with the RB and control groups. As FRB reduced aspartate aminotransferase levels and oxidative stress, it might prevent liver disorders. FRB downregulated proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine transcripts responsible for neuroinflammation in the hippocampus and upregulated mRNA expression of G protein coupled receptors (GPRs), Gpr41 and Gpr43, in small and large intestines, which may explain the FRB-mediated protective mechanism. Hence, FRB can be used as a supplement to prevent IBD-associated EIM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahidul Islam
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan; International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
| | - Afifah Zahra Agista
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kouichi Watanabe
- International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan; Laboratory of Functional Morphology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Tomonori Nochi
- International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan; Laboratory of Functional Morphology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hisashi Aso
- International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan; Laboratory of Functional Morphology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ohsaki
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan; International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Takuya Koseki
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Michio Komai
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Shirakawa
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan; International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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Subramanian S, Du C, Tan XD. Can Rodent Model of Acetic Acid-Induced Colitis be Used to Study the Pathogenesis of Colitis-Associated Intestinal Fibrosis? J INVEST SURG 2022; 35:223-224. [PMID: 32951484 PMCID: PMC7981276 DOI: 10.1080/08941939.2020.1821845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a devastating relapsing-remitting systemic disease of the gastrointestinal system. It is characterized by an extremely imbalanced immune system and inflammatory mediators that result from the disruption of a complex series of interactions between the microbiome, the mucosal barrier, and the immune system. Over the past decades, numerous animal models such as chemical, genetic and bacterial models have populated to understanding pathophysiology of IBD and preclinical screening of therapeutic compounds for novel treatments. Among chemical-induced colitis models, the acetic-acid induced model is one of the legacy colitis models related to extensive hemorrhage, occasional ulceration, epithelium damage, and bowel wall thickening. Recently, Bahrami and his colleagues have reported the development of mucosal inflammation and intestinal fibrosis after exposure to 4% acetic acid for 10 min. Here, how their work addresses the importance of characterizing acetic-acid-induced colitis model to study the clinical features of IBD is commented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saravanan Subramanian
- Center for Intestinal and Liver Inflammation Research, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chao Du
- Center for Intestinal and Liver Inflammation Research, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology, Linyi People’s Hospital, Shandong University, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao-Di Tan
- Center for Intestinal and Liver Inflammation Research, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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Xie H, Jiao Y, Zhou X, Liao X, Chen J, Chen H, Chen L, Yu S, Deng Q, Sun L, Xu X, Wang J. Integrin αvβ6 contributes to the development of intestinal fibrosis via the FAK/AKT signaling pathway. Exp Cell Res 2021; 411:113003. [PMID: 34979108 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.113003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal fibrosis is one of the most severe complications of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and frequently requires surgery due to intestinal obstruction. Integrin αvβ6, which is mainly regulated by the integrin β6 subunit gene (ITGB6), is a special integrin subtype expressed only in epithelial cells. In our previous study, we found integrin αvβ6 can promote the development of IBD, but the role of integrin αvβ6 in intestinal fibrosis remains unclear. In this study, we observed a gradual increase of ITGB6 mRNA expression from normal region to stenotic region of IBD patients' intestinal specimens. Next, we established a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced intestinal fibrosis model and a heterotopic intestinal transplant model, and found intestinal fibrosis was decreased in ITGB6-deficient mice compared to wild-type (WT) mice. Furthermore, we performed RNA-sequencing and KEGG pathway analysis on intestinal tissues from ITGB6-overexpressing transgenic mice and WT mice, and found multiple pathways containing ITGB6, are related to the activation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK); finding was confirmed by Western blot. At last, we generated a heterotopic intestinal transplant model found the FAK/AKT pathway was inhibited in ITGB6-deficient mice. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that integrin αvβ6 promotes the pathogenesis of intestinal fibrosis by FAK/AKT pathway, making integrin αvβ6 a potential therapeutic target to prevent this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiting Xie
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yurong Jiao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinbin Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiujun Liao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haiyan Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liubo Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shaoju Yu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qun Deng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lifeng Sun
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoming Xu
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Herb-Partitioned Moxibustion Improves Crohn's Disease-Associated Intestinal Fibrosis by Suppressing the RhoA/ROCK1/MLC Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:2247953. [PMID: 34840583 PMCID: PMC8612780 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2247953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background and Aims Intestinal fibrosis is one of the severe and common complications of Crohn's disease (CD), but the etiology and pathogenesis remain uncertain. The study intended to examine whether the effect of herb-partitioned moxibustion on rats with CD-associated intestinal fibrosis is associated with the RhoA/ROCK1/MLC pathway. Methods All experimental rats were randomly allocated into the normal control group (NC), model control group (MC), and herb-partitioned moxibustion group (HPM). Intestinal fibrosis was established in rats with CD by repeated rectal administrations of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS). Herb-partitioned moxibustion was applied at the Qihai (CV6) and Tianshu (ST25) acupoints once daily for 10 days in the HPM group. In this study, histological changes were examined by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining; then, Masson's trichrome staining was used to assess the degree of fibrosis in each group. Experimental methods of immunohistochemistry, western blotting, and real-time PCR were applied to detect the levels of α-SMA, collagen III, RhoA, ROCK1, and p-MLC. Moreover, the double immunofluorescent staining for the colocalization of both α-SMA and ROCK1 was performed. Results Contrasted with the normal controls, the collagen deposition and fibrosis scores were increased in colonic tissue of model rats, and HPM decreased the collagen deposition and fibrosis scores. The protein of α-SMA and collagen III in the MC group exceeds that of the NC group; HPM decreased the expression of α-SMA and collagen III in rats with intestinal fibrosis. Similarly, the expression of RhoA, ROCK1, and p-MLC in model rats was obviously increased compared with normal controls; the expression of RhoA, ROCK1, and p-MLC was decreased after HPM. The coexpression of α-SMA and ROCK1 in rats with intestinal fibrosis was higher than normal rats. Conclusion HPM improves CD-associated intestinal fibrosis by suppressing the RhoA/ROCK1/MLC pathway.
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Honig G, Larkin PB, Heller C, Hurtado-Lorenzo A. Research-Based Product Innovation to Address Critical Unmet Needs of Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2021; 27:S1-S16. [PMID: 34791292 PMCID: PMC8922161 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izab230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Despite progress in recent decades, patients with inflammatory bowel diseases face many critical unmet needs, demonstrating the limitations of available treatment options. Addressing these unmet needs will require interventions targeting multiple aspects of inflammatory bowel disease pathology, including disease drivers that are not targeted by available therapies. The vast majority of late-stage investigational therapies also focus primarily on a narrow range of fundamental mechanisms. Thus, there is a pressing need to advance to clinical stage differentiated investigational therapies directly targeting a broader range of key mechanistic drivers of inflammatory bowel diseases. In addition, innovations are critically needed to enable treatments to be tailored to the specific underlying abnormal biological pathways of patients; interventions with improved safety profiles; biomarkers to develop prognostic, predictive, and monitoring tests; novel devices for nonpharmacological approaches such as minimally invasive monitoring; and digital health technologies. To address these needs, the Crohn's & Colitis Foundation launched IBD Ventures, a venture philanthropy-funding mechanism, and IBD Innovate®, an innovative, product-focused scientific conference. This special IBD Innovate® supplement is a collection of articles reflecting the diverse and exciting research and development that is currently ongoing in the inflammatory bowel disease field to deliver innovative and differentiated products addressing critical unmet needs of patients. Here, we highlight the pipeline of new product opportunities currently advancing at the preclinical and early clinical development stages. We categorize and describe novel and differentiated potential product opportunities based on their potential to address the following critical unmet patient needs: (1) biomarkers for prognosis of disease course and prediction/monitoring of treatment response; (2) restoration of eubiosis; (3) restoration of barrier function and mucosal healing; (4) more effective and safer anti-inflammatories; (5) neuromodulatory and behavioral therapies; (6) management of disease complications; and (7) targeted drug delivery.
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Schmoyer CJ, Saidman J, Bohl JL, Bierly CL, Kuemmerle JF, Bickston SJ. The Pathogenesis and Clinical Management of Stricturing Crohn Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2021; 27:1839-1852. [PMID: 33693860 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izab038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Stricturing of the gastrointestinal tract is a common complication in Crohn disease and is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among this population. The inflammatory process initiates fibrosis, leading to aberrant wound healing and excess deposition of extracellular matrix proteins. Our understanding of this process has grown and encompasses cellular mechanisms, epigenetic modifications, and inherent genetic predisposition toward fibrosis. Although medications can improve inflammation, there is still no drug to attenuate scar formation. As such, management of stricturing disease requires a multidisciplinary and individualized approach including medical management, therapeutic endoscopy, and surgery. This review details the current understanding regarding the pathogenesis, detection, and management of stricturing Crohn disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Schmoyer
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Jakob Saidman
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Jaime L Bohl
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Division of Colorectal Surgery, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Claire L Bierly
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - John F Kuemmerle
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Richmond, Virginia, USA.,Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Stephen J Bickston
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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Lin SN, Mao R, Qian C, Bettenworth D, Wang J, Li J, Bruining D, Jairath V, Feagan B, Chen M, Rieder F. Development of Anti-fibrotic Therapy in Stricturing Crohn's Disease: Lessons from Randomized Trials in Other Fibrotic Diseases. Physiol Rev 2021; 102:605-652. [PMID: 34569264 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00005.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal fibrosis is considered an inevitable complication of Crohn's disease (CD) that results in symptoms of obstruction and stricture formation. Endoscopic or surgical treatment is required to treat the majority of patients. Progress in the management of stricturing CD is hampered by the lack of effective anti-fibrotic therapy; however, this situation is likely to change because of recent advances in other fibrotic diseases of the lung, liver and skin. In this review, we summarized data from randomized controlled trials (RCT) of anti-fibrotic therapies in these conditions. Multiple compounds have been tested for the anti-fibrotic effects in other organs. According to their mechanisms, they were categorized into growth factor modulators, inflammation modulators, 5-hydroxy-3-methylgultaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors, intracellular enzymes and kinases, renin-angiotensin system (RAS) modulators and others. From our review of the results from the clinical trials and discussion of their implications in the gastrointestinal tract, we have identified several molecular candidates that could serve as potential therapies for intestinal fibrosis in CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Nan Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Ren Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Chenchen Qian
- Department of Internal Medicine, UPMC Pinnacle, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Dominik Bettenworth
- Department of Medicine B, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States.,Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, China
| | - Jiannan Li
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - David Bruining
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Vipul Jairath
- Alimentiv Inc., London, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Brian Feagan
- Alimentiv Inc., London, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Minhu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Florian Rieder
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
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Pehrsson M, Mortensen JH, Manon-Jensen T, Bay-Jensen AC, Karsdal MA, Davies MJ. Enzymatic cross-linking of collagens in organ fibrosis - resolution and assessment. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2021; 21:1049-1064. [PMID: 34330194 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2021.1962711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Enzymatic cross-linking of the collagens within the extracellular matrix (ECM) catalyzed by enzymes such as lysyl oxidase (LOX) and lysyl oxidase like-enzymes 1-4 (LOXL), transglutaminase 2 (TG2), and peroxidasin (PXDN) contribute to fibrosis progression through extensive collagen cross-linking. Studies in recent years have begun elucidating the important role of collagen cross-linking in perpetuating progression of organ fibrosis independently of inflammation through an increasingly stiff and noncompliant ECM. Therefore, collagen cross-linking and the cross-linking enzymes have become new targets in anti-fibrotic therapy as well as targets of novel biomarkers to properly assess resolution of the fibrotic ECM.Areas covered: The enzymatic actions of enzymes catalyzing collagen cross-linking and their relevance in organ fibrosis. Potential biomarkers specifically quantifying proteolytic fragments of collagen cross-linking is discussed based on Pubmed search done in November 2020 as well as the authors knowledge.Expert opinion: Current methods for the assessment of fibrosis involve the use of invasive and/or cumbersome and expensive methods such as tissue biopsies. Thus, an unmet need exists for the development and validation of minimally invasive biomarkers of proteolytic fragments of cross-linked collagens. These biomarkers may aid in the development and proper assessment of fibrosis resolution in coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Pehrsson
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Biomarkers & Research, Nordic Bioscience A/S, Herlev, Denmark
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Belhabib I, Zaghdoudi S, Lac C, Bousquet C, Jean C. Extracellular Matrices and Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts: Targets for Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3466. [PMID: 34298680 PMCID: PMC8303391 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid cancer progression is dictated by neoplastic cell features and pro-tumoral crosstalks with their microenvironment. Stroma modifications, such as fibroblast activation into cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, are now recognized as critical events for cancer progression and as potential therapeutic or diagnostic targets. The recent appreciation of the key, complex and multiple roles of the ECM in cancer and of the CAF diversity, has revolutionized the field and raised innovative but challenging questions. Here, we rapidly present CAF heterogeneity in link with their specific ECM remodeling features observed in cancer, before developing each of the impacts of such ECM modifications on tumor progression (survival, angiogenesis, pre-metastatic niche, chemoresistance, etc.), and on patient prognosis. Finally, based on preclinical studies and recent results obtained from clinical trials, we highlight key mechanisms or proteins that are, or may be, used as potential therapeutic or diagnostic targets, and we report and discuss benefits, disappointments, or even failures, of recently reported stroma-targeting strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Christine Jean
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), INSERM U1037, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, ERL5294 CNRS, 31037 Toulouse, France; (I.B.); (S.Z.); (C.L.); (C.B.)
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Ou W, Xu W, Liu F, Guo Y, Huang Z, Feng T, Liu CY, Du P. Increased expression of yes-associated protein/YAP and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif/TAZ activates intestinal fibroblasts to promote intestinal obstruction in Crohn's disease. EBioMedicine 2021; 69:103452. [PMID: 34186485 PMCID: PMC8243379 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intestinal obstruction caused by intestinal fibrosis is a common and serious complication of Crohn's disease (CD). Intestinal fibroblasts, the main effector cells mediating gastrointestinal fibrosis, are activated during chronic inflammation. However, the mechanism of fibroblast activation in CD has not been well elucidated. Methods Fibroblasts isolated from stenotic and nonstenotic intestines of CD patients were used for RNA sequencing. Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent staining was performed to evaluate the correlation between intestinal fibrosis and YAP/TAZ expression in our CD cohort and a DSS-induced chronic colitis murine model. A Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinase 1 (ROCK1) inhibitor was used to explore the ROCK1-YAP/TAZ axis in intestinal fibroblasts in vitro and DSS-induced chronic colitis murine model in vivo. Findings The expression of YAP/TAZ was significantly upregulated in stenotic fibroblasts, which was associated with the YAP/TAZ target gene signature. YAP/TAZ knockdown suppressed the activation of intestinal fibroblasts. In intestinal fibroblasts, YAP/TAZ were activated by the Rho-ROCK1 signalling pathway. High YAP/TAZ expression was positively correlated with ROCK1 expression, which is a prognostic marker for intestinal obstruction in CD patients. Interpretation YAP/TAZ activation can lead to fibroblast activation and intestinal obstruction in CD. The effect of ROCK1 inhibitor on alleviating intestinal fibrosis is associated with YAP/TAZ inhibition. Targeted inhibition of YAP/TAZ in fibroblasts may be a potential therapeutic strategy to suppress intestinal fibrosis in CD. Funding This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2019YFC1316002), the NSFC (81873547, 82073201, 81874177, 82000481) and the Shanghai Sailing Program (20YF1429400).
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Ou
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Weimin Xu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Fangyuan Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yuegui Guo
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhenyu Huang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Tienan Feng
- Clinical Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Chen-Ying Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Peng Du
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Hua H, Dong X, Zhang Y, Fang F, Zhang B, Li X, Yu Q, Zheng K, Yan C. [rCsHscB derived from Clonorchis sinensis has therapeutic effect on dextran sodium sulfate-induced chronic ulcerative colitis in mice]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2021; 41:664-670. [PMID: 34134952 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2021.05.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the therapeutic effect of rCsHscB derived from Clonorchis sinensis on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced chronic ulcerative colitis in mice. OBJECTIVE C57BL/6 mice were randomized into negative control (NC) group (n= 10), rCsHscB group (n=10), DSS group (n=15), and DSS+rCsHscB group (n=15), and in the latter two groups, chronic ulcerative colitis was induced in the mice using 2% DSS. In rCsHscB and DSS+ rCsHscB groups, the mice received intraperitoneal injections of 125 μg/mL rCsHscB on the 4th and 7th day following DSS administration, and PBS was injected in the other two groups. The mice were euthanized on the 84th day, and pathological changes of the colon were evaluated by HE and Masson staining. The levels of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the peripheral blood and lamina propria gastric lymphocytes (LPL) were analyzed by flow cytometer; the levels of IL-6, MCP-1 and IL-10 in colon homogenate were determined using ELISA, and the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, JNK and P38 was detected with Western blotting. OBJECTIVE Compared with those in NC group, the mice in rCsHscB group exhibited no adverse responses to the treatment. The mice in DSS group had severe pathologies in the colon with significantly increased ratios of CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood and LPL, increased levels of IL-6 and MCP-1 but no obvious changes in IL-10 in colon homogenate, and significantly augmented phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2, JNK and P38. Compared with those in DSS group, the mice in DSS+ rCsHscB group showed ameliorated colon pathologies with decreased CD4+T/CD8+T cell ratio in the peripheral blood and LPL, significantly decreased IL-6 and MCP-1 levels and increased IL-10 in colon homogenate, and lowered phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2, JNK and P38. OBJECTIVE rCsHscB can produce therapeutic effect on DSS-induced chronic ulcerative colitis in mice possibly by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory factors and regulating the balance of CD4+/CD8+T cells through the MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Hua
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Department of Pathogen and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - X Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Department of Pathogen and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Department of Pathogen and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - F Fang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Department of Pathogen and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - B Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Department of Pathogen and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - X Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Department of Pathogen and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Q Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Department of Pathogen and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - K Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Department of Pathogen and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - C Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Department of Pathogen and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
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Abstract
ABSTRACT In this review article, we present the latest developments in quantitative imaging biomarkers based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), applied to the diagnosis, assessment of response to therapy, and assessment of prognosis of Crohn disease. We also discuss the biomarkers' limitations and future prospects. We performed a literature search of clinical and translational research in Crohn disease using diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI-MRI), dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI), motility MRI, and magnetization transfer MRI, as well as emerging topics such as T1 mapping, radiomics, and artificial intelligence. These techniques are integrated in and combined with qualitative image assessment of magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) examinations. Quantitative MRI biomarkers add value to MRE qualitative assessment, achieving substantial diagnostic performance (area under receiver-operating curve = 0.8-0.95). The studies reviewed show that the combination of multiple MRI sequences in a multiparametric quantitative fashion provides rich information that may help for better diagnosis, assessment of severity, prognostication, and assessment of response to biological treatment. However, the addition of quantitative sequences to MRE examinations has potential drawbacks, including increased scan time and the need for further validation before being used in therapeutic drug trials as well as the clinic.
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Molecular targets and the use of biologics in the management of small bowel fibrosis in inflammatory bowel disease. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2021; 37:275-283. [PMID: 33769380 DOI: 10.1097/mog.0000000000000729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Small bowel fibrosis is a significant burden on Crohn's disease patients with limited effective medical treatments that then requires surgery. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms causing fibrosis and the evidence of benefit of available biologics will potentially lighten this burden and avoid the need for surgery. RECENT FINDINGS Transforming growth factor-beta and it's associated pathways remain the central cog in the wheel of fibrosis formation. Various new enzymes, cellular pathways, interleukins and molecules have been associated with beneficial modification of the fibrotic process. Licensed biologics such as antitumour necrosis factors continue to show evidence of efficacy in the treatment of fibrostenotic small bowel disease as well as the newer biologics ustekinumab and vedolizumab. SUMMARY Fibrostenotic disease of the small bowel is a significant and common debilitating complication in Crohn's disease patients. Multiple new molecular targets have been identified that may prove to become effective therapies in future. Antitumour necrosis factors remain the treatment with the best available evidence to date in fibrostenotic Crohn's disease.
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Sleiman J, Ouali SE, Qazi T, Cohen B, Steele SR, Baker ME, Rieder F. Prevention and Treatment of Stricturing Crohn's Disease - Perspectives and Challenges. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 15:401-411. [PMID: 33225766 PMCID: PMC8026566 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2021.1854732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Fibrostenosis is a hallmark of Crohn's disease (CD), remains a challenge in today's clinical management of inflammatory bowel disease patients and represents a key event in the disease course necessitating improved preventative strategies and a multidisciplinary approach to diagnosis and management. With the advent of anti-fibrotic therapies and well-defined clinical endpoints for stricturing CD, there is promise to impact the natural history of disease.Areas covered: This review summarizes current evidence in the natural history of stricturing Crohn's disease, discusses management approaches as well as future perspectives on intestinal fibrosis.Expert opinion: Currently, there are no specific therapies to prevent progression to fibrosis or to treat it after it becomes clinically apparent. In addition to the international effort by the Stenosis Therapy and Anti-Fibrotic Research (STAR) consortium to standardize definitions and propose endpoints in the management of stricturing CD, further research to improve our understanding of mechanisms of intestinal fibrosis will help pave the way for the development of future anti-fibrotic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Sleiman
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Sara El Ouali
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA,Digestive Diseases Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Taha Qazi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Benjamin Cohen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Scott R. Steele
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Mark E. Baker
- Section Abdominal Imaging, Imaging Institute, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Florian Rieder
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA,Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA,Corresponding author: Florian Rieder, Address: Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, 9500 Euclid Avenue – NC22, Cleveland, OH, 44195,
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