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Almeida PP, Brito ML, Thomasi B, Mafra D, Fouque D, Knauf C, Tavares-Gomes AL, Stockler-Pinto MB. Is the enteric nervous system a lost piece of the gut-kidney axis puzzle linked to chronic kidney disease? Life Sci 2024; 351:122793. [PMID: 38848938 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
The enteric nervous system (ENS) regulates numerous functional and immunological attributes of the gastrointestinal tract. Alterations in ENS cell function have been linked to intestinal outcomes in various metabolic, intestinal, and neurological disorders. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with a challenging intestinal environment due to gut dysbiosis, which further affects patient quality of life. Although the gut-related repercussions of CKD have been thoroughly investigated, the involvement of the ENS in this puzzle remains unclear. ENS cell dysfunction, such as glial reactivity and alterations in cholinergic signaling in the small intestine and colon, in CKD are associated with a wide range of intestinal pathways and responses in affected patients. This review discusses how the ENS is affected in CKD and how it is involved in gut-related outcomes, including intestinal permeability, inflammation, oxidative stress, and dysmotility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michele Lima Brito
- Pathology Post Graduate Program, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Thomasi
- Department of Physiology, Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University (MSU), East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Denise Mafra
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - Physiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Denis Fouque
- Department of Nephrology, Centre Hopitalier Lyon Sud, INSERM 1060, CENS, Université de Lyon, France
| | - Claude Knauf
- INSERM U1220 Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, CHU Purpan, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Ana Lúcia Tavares-Gomes
- Neurosciences Post Graduate Program, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Milena Barcza Stockler-Pinto
- Pathology Post Graduate Program, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil; INSERM U1220 Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, CHU Purpan, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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2
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Gawey BJ, Mars RA, Kashyap PC. The role of the gut microbiome in disorders of gut-brain interaction. FEBS J 2024. [PMID: 38922780 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction (DGBI) are widely prevalent and commonly encountered in gastroenterology practice. While several peripheral and central mechanisms have been implicated in the pathogenesis of DGBI, a recent body of work suggests an important role for the gut microbiome. In this review, we highlight how gut microbiota and their metabolites affect physiologic changes underlying symptoms in DGBI, with a particular focus on their mechanistic influence on GI transit, visceral sensitivity, intestinal barrier function and secretion, and CNS processing. This review emphasizes the complexity of local and distant effects of microbial metabolites on physiological function, influenced by factors such as metabolite concentration, duration of metabolite exposure, receptor location, host genetics, and underlying disease state. Large-scale in vitro work has elucidated interactions between host receptors and the microbial metabolome but there is a need for future research to integrate such preclinical findings with clinical studies. The development of novel, targeted therapeutic strategies for DGBI hinges on a deeper understanding of these metabolite-host interactions, offering exciting possibilities for the future of treatment of DGBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent J Gawey
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ruben A Mars
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Purna C Kashyap
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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3
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Wagai G, Togao M, Kurakawa T, Nishizaki H, Otsuka J, Ohta-Takada Y, Kurita A, Suzuki T, Kawakami K. CFP/Yit: An Inbred Mouse Strain with Slow Gastrointestinal Transit. Dig Dis Sci 2024; 69:2026-2043. [PMID: 38622463 PMCID: PMC11162387 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-024-08420-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal transit (GIT) is influenced by factors including diet, medications, genetics, and gut microbiota, with slow GIT potentially indicating a functional disorder linked to conditions, such as constipation. Although GIT studies have utilized various animal models, few effectively model spontaneous slow GIT. AIMS We aimed to characterize the GIT phenotype of CFP/Yit (CFP), an inbred mouse strain with suggested slow GIT. METHODS Female and male CFP mice were compared to Crl:CD1 (ICR) mice in GIT and assessed based on oral gavage of fluorescent-labeled 70-kDa dextran, feed intake, fecal amount, and fecal water content. Histopathological analysis of the colon and analysis of gut microbiota were conducted. RESULTS CFP mice exhibited a shorter small intestine and a 1.4-fold longer colon compared to ICR mice. The median whole-GIT time was 6.0-fold longer in CFP mice than in ICR mice. CFP mice demonstrated slower gastric and cecal transits than ICR mice, with a median colonic transit time of 4.1 h (2.9-fold longer). CFP mice exhibited lower daily feed intakes and fecal amounts. Fecal water content was lower in CFP mice, apparently attributed to the longer colon. Histopathological analysis showed no changes in CFP mice, including tumors or inflammation. Moreover, CFP mice had a higher Firmicutes/Bacteroidota ratio and a relative abundance of Erysipelotrichaceae in cecal and fecal contents. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that CFP mice exhibit slow transit in the stomach, cecum, and colon. As a novel mouse model, CFP mice can contribute to the study of gastrointestinal physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaku Wagai
- Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi-Shi, Tokyo, 186-8650, Japan.
| | - Masao Togao
- Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi-Shi, Tokyo, 186-8650, Japan
| | - Takashi Kurakawa
- Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi-Shi, Tokyo, 186-8650, Japan
| | - Haruka Nishizaki
- Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi-Shi, Tokyo, 186-8650, Japan
| | - Jun Otsuka
- Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi-Shi, Tokyo, 186-8650, Japan
| | - Yuki Ohta-Takada
- Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi-Shi, Tokyo, 186-8650, Japan
| | - Akinobu Kurita
- Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi-Shi, Tokyo, 186-8650, Japan
| | - Tomo Suzuki
- Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi-Shi, Tokyo, 186-8650, Japan
| | - Koji Kawakami
- Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi-Shi, Tokyo, 186-8650, Japan
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4
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Fujita Y, Kosakamoto H, Obata F. Microbiota-derived acetylcholine can promote gut motility in Drosophila melanogaster. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230075. [PMID: 38497270 PMCID: PMC10945411 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is crucial for intestinal health, including gastrointestinal (GI) motility. How commensal bacterial species influence GI motility has not been fully elucidated. A major factor of GI motility is the gut contraction promoting the propulsive movement of orally ingested materials. Here, we developed a method to monitor and quantify gut contractions in living Drosophila melanogaster larvae. We found that the culture medium of an isolated strain Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Lsi promoted gut contraction in vivo, which was not observed in Leuconostoc sp. Leui nor Acetobacter persici Ai culture medium. To identify bacteria-derived metabolites, we performed metabolome analysis of the culture media by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Of the 66 metabolites detected, we found that some metabolites changed in a species-specific manner. Among them, acetylcholine was specifically produced by L. plantarum. Feeding exogenous acetylcholine increased the frequency of gut contractions, which was blocked by D-tubocurarine, an inhibitor of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. In this study, we propose a mechanism by which the gut microbiota influences Drosophila gut motility. This article is part of the theme issue 'Sculpting the microbiome: how host factors determine and respond to microbial colonization'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Fujita
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology and Development, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hina Kosakamoto
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Obata
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology and Development, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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5
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Zhangsun Z, Dong Y, Tang J, Jin Z, Lei W, Wang C, Cheng Y, Wang B, Yang Y, Zhao H. FPR1: A critical gatekeeper of the heart and brain. Pharmacol Res 2024; 202:107125. [PMID: 38438091 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are currently the most widely focused drug targets in the clinic, exerting their biological functions by binding to chemicals and activating a series of intracellular signaling pathways. Formyl-peptide receptor 1 (FPR1) has a typical seven-transmembrane structure of GPCRs and can be stimulated by a large number of endogenous or exogenous ligands with different chemical properties, the first of which was identified as formyl-methionine-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLF). Through receptor-ligand interactions, FPR1 is involved in inflammatory response, immune cell recruitment, and cellular signaling regulation in key cell types, including neutrophils, neural stem cells (NSCs), and microglia. This review outlines the critical roles of FPR1 in a variety of heart and brain diseases, including myocardial infarction (MI), ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, neurodegenerative diseases, and neurological tumors, with particular emphasis on the milestones of FPR1 agonists and antagonists. Therefore, an in-depth study of FPR1 contributes to the research of innovative biomarkers, therapeutic targets for heart and brain diseases, and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyin Zhangsun
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Airforce Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an 710038, China; Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Yushu Dong
- Institute of Neuroscience, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jiayou Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Airforce Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhenxiao Jin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Airforce Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, China
| | - Wangrui Lei
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Changyu Wang
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 10 Fengcheng Three Road, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Ying Cheng
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069, China; Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 10 Fengcheng Three Road, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Baoying Wang
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069, China; Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 10 Fengcheng Three Road, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069, China; Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 10 Fengcheng Three Road, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Huadong Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Airforce Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an 710038, China.
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Paiva B, Laranjinha J, Rocha BS. Do oral and gut microbiota communicate through redox pathways? A novel asset of the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway. FEBS Lett 2024. [PMID: 38523057 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Nitrate may act as a regulator of •NO bioavailability via sequential reduction along the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway with widespread health benefits, including a eubiotic effect on the oral and gut microbiota. Here, we discuss the molecular mechanisms of microbiota-host communication through redox pathways, via the production of •NO and oxidants by the family of NADPH oxidases, namely hydrogen peroxide (via Duox2), superoxide radical (via Nox1 and Nox2) and peroxynitrite, which leads to downstream activation of stress responses (Nrf2 and NFkB pathways) in the host mucosa. The activation of Nox2 by microbial metabolites is also discussed. Finally, we propose a new perspective in which both oral and gut microbiota communicate through redox pathways, with nitrate as the pivot linking both ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Paiva
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Laranjinha
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Bárbara S Rocha
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
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7
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Ding F, Hu M, Ding Y, Meng Y, Zhao Y. Efficacy in bowel movement and change of gut microbiota on adult functional constipation patients treated with probiotics-containing products: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e074557. [PMID: 38238054 PMCID: PMC10806726 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-074557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to pool the efficacy in bowel movement and explore the change of gut microbiota on adult functional constipated patients after probiotics-containing products treatment. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES PubMed, Cochrane Library for published studies and ClinicalTrials.gov for 'grey' researches were independently investigated for randomised controlled trials up to November 2022. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA, DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS The intervention was probiotics-containing product, either probiotics or synbiotics, while the control was placebo. The risk of bias was conducted. The efficacy in bowel movement was indicated by stool frequency, stool consistency and Patient Assessment of Constipation Symptom (PAC-SYM), while the change of gut microbiota was reviewed through α diversity, β diversity, change/difference in relative abundance and so on. The subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis and random-effect meta-regression were conducted to explore the heterogeneity. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation was conducted to grade the quality of evidence. RESULTS 17 studies, comprising 1256 participants, were included with perfect agreements between two researchers (kappa statistic=0.797). Compared with placebo, probiotics-containing products significantly increased the stool frequency (weighted mean difference, WMD 0.93, 95% CI 0.47 to 1.40, p=0.000, I²=84.5%, 'low'), improved the stool consistency (WMD 0.38, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.70, p=0.023, I²=81.6%, 'very low') and reduced the PAC-SYM (WMD -0.28, 95% CI: -0.45 to -0.11, p=0.001, I²=55.7%, 'very low'). In subgroup analysis, synbiotics was superior to probiotics to increase stool frequency. Probiotics-containing products might not affect α or β diversity, but would increase the relative abundance of specific strain. CONCLUSIONS Probiotics-containing products, significantly increased stool frequency, improved stool consistency, and alleviated functional constipation symptoms. They increased the relative abundance of specific strain. More high-quality head-to-head randomised controlled trials are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengyang Hu
- Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yifei Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yingying Meng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanchao Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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8
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Zhang C, Yu L, Ma C, Jiang S, Zhang Y, Wang S, Tian F, Xue Y, Zhao J, Zhang H, Liu L, Chen W, Huang S, Zhang J, Zhai Q. A key genetic factor governing arabinan utilization in the gut microbiome alleviates constipation. Cell Host Microbe 2023; 31:1989-2006.e8. [PMID: 37992712 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Impaired gastrointestinal motility is associated with gut dysbiosis. Probiotics, such as Bifidobacteria, can improve this bowel disorder; however, efficacy is strain-dependent. We determine that a genetic factor, the abfA cluster governing arabinan utilization, in Bifidobacterium longum impacts treatment efficacy against functional constipation (FC). In mice with FC, B. longum, but not an abfA mutant, improved gastrointestinal transit time, an affect that was dependent upon dietary arabinan. abfA genes were identified in other commensal bacteria, whose effects in ameliorating murine FC were similarly abfA-dependent. In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial, supplementation with abfA-cluster-carrying B. longum, but not an abfA-deficient strain, enriched arabinan-utilization residents, increased beneficial metabolites, and improved FC symptoms. Across human cohorts, abfA-cluster abundance can predict FC, and transplantation of abfA cluster-enriched human microbiota to FC-induced germ-free mice improved gut motility. Collectively, these findings demonstrate a role for microbial abfA cluster in ameliorating FC, establishing principles for genomics-directed probiotic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Leilei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Chenchen Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Shuaiming Jiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shunhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Fengwei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yuzheng Xue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Liming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Shi Huang
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Jiachao Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Qixiao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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Zhang T, Liu W, Lu H, Cheng T, Wang L, Wang G, Zhang H, Chen W. Lactic acid bacteria in relieving constipation: mechanism, clinical application, challenge, and opportunity. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-24. [PMID: 37971876 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2278155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Constipation is a prevalent gastrointestinal symptom that can considerably affect a patients' quality of life. Although several drugs have been used to treat constipation, they are associated with high costs, side effects, and low universality. Therefore, alternative intervention strategies are urgently needed. Traditional lactic acid bacteria (LAB), such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, play a vital role in regulating intestinal microecology and have demonstrated favorable effects in constipation; however, a comprehensive review of their constipation relief mechanisms is limited. This review summarizes the pathogenesis of constipation and the relationship between intestinal motility and gut microbiota, elucidates the possible mechanism by which LAB alleviates of constipation through a systematic summary of animal and clinical research, and highlights the challenges and applications of LAB in the treatment of constipation. Our review can improve our understanding of constipation, and advance targeted microecological therapeutic agents, such as LAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wenxu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Huimin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ting Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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10
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Pei Y, Wang R, Chen W, Yi S, Huang C, Liang S, Cao H, Xu Y, Tan B. Impaired colonic motility in high-glycemic diet-induced diabetic mice is associated with disrupted gut microbiota and neuromuscular function. Endocr Connect 2023; 12:e230078. [PMID: 37399524 PMCID: PMC10448599 DOI: 10.1530/ec-23-0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Similar to the high-fat diet (HFD), the high-glycemic diet (HGD) contributes to the development and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the effect of HGD on gastrointestinal motility in T2DM and its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Methods Thirty C57BL/6J mice were randomly designated into the normal-feeding diet (NFD) group, HFD group, and HGD group. The plasma glucose, plasma insulin, and gastrointestinal motility were examined. Meanwhile, the tension of isolated colonic smooth muscle rings was calculated, and the gut microbiota was analyzed by 16s rDNA high-throughput sequencing. Result After 16 weeks of HGD feeding, obesity, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and constipation were observed in HGD mice. Autonomic contraction frequency of the colonic neuromuscular system and electrical field stimulation-induced contractions were reduced in HGD mice. On the contrary, neuronal nitric oxide synthase activity and neuromuscular relaxation were found to be enhanced. Finally, gut microbiota analysis revealed that Rhodospirillaceae abundance significantly increased at the family level in HGD mice. At the genus level, the abundance of Insolitispirillum increased remarkably, whereas Turicibacter abundance decreased significantly in HGD mice. Conclusion HGD induced constipation in obese diabetic mice, which we speculated that it may be related to neuromuscular dysmotility and intestinal microbiota dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Pei
- Research Centre of Basic Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanyu Chen
- Research Centre of Basic Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shulin Yi
- Research Centre of Basic Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Huang
- Research Centre of Basic Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaochan Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongying Cao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifei Xu
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bo Tan
- Research Centre of Basic Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Le Naour J, Montégut L, Pan Y, Scuderi SA, Cordier P, Joseph A, Sauvat A, Iebba V, Paillet J, Ferrere G, Brechard L, Mulot C, Dubourg G, Zitvogel L, Pol JG, Vacchelli E, Puig PL, Kroemer G. Formyl peptide receptor-1 (FPR1) represses intestinal oncogenesis. Oncoimmunology 2023; 12:2237354. [PMID: 37492227 PMCID: PMC10364666 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2023.2237354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Formyl peptide receptor-1 (FPR1) is a pattern recognition receptor that is mostly expressed by myeloid cells. In patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), a loss-of-function polymorphism (rs867228) in the gene coding for FPR1 has been associated with reduced responses to chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. Moreover, rs867228 is associated with accelerated esophageal and colorectal carcinogenesis. Here, we show that dendritic cells from Fpr1-/- mice exhibit reduced migration in response to chemotherapy-treated CRC cells. Moreover, Fpr1-/- mice are particularly susceptible to chronic ulcerative colitis and colorectal oncogenesis induced by the mutagen azoxymethane followed by oral dextran sodium sulfate, a detergent that induces colitis. These experiments were performed after initial co-housing of Fpr1-/- mice and wild-type controls, precluding major Fpr1-driven differences in the microbiota. Pharmacological inhibition of Fpr1 by cyclosporin H also tended to increase intestinal oncogenesis in mice bearing the ApcMin mutation, and this effect was reversed by the anti-inflammatory drug sulindac. We conclude that defective FPR1 signaling favors intestinal tumorigenesis through the modulation of the innate inflammatory/immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Le Naour
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe Labellisée Par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Villejuif, France
- Faculty of Medicine Kremlin Bicêtre, Université Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Léa Montégut
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe Labellisée Par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Villejuif, France
- Faculty of Medicine Kremlin Bicêtre, Université Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Yuhong Pan
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe Labellisée Par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Villejuif, France
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Sarah Adriana Scuderi
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe Labellisée Par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Villejuif, France
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Pierre Cordier
- Laboratory of Proliferation, Stress and Liver Physiopathology, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Adrien Joseph
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe Labellisée Par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Villejuif, France
- Faculty of Medicine Kremlin Bicêtre, Université Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Allan Sauvat
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe Labellisée Par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Villejuif, France
| | - Valerio Iebba
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Juliette Paillet
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe Labellisée Par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Villejuif, France
- Faculty of Medicine Kremlin Bicêtre, Université Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Gladys Ferrere
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM) U1015 and Equipe Labellisée–Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
| | - Ludivine Brechard
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Claire Mulot
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe Labélisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Grégory Dubourg
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Faculty of Medicine Kremlin Bicêtre, Université Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- Center of Clinical Investigations BIOTHERIS, INSERM CIC1428, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR1015, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
| | - Jonathan G. Pol
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe Labellisée Par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Villejuif, France
| | - Erika Vacchelli
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe Labellisée Par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Villejuif, France
| | - Pierre-Laurent Puig
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe Labélisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, INSERM, Paris, France
- Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, APHP. Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe Labellisée Par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Villejuif, France
- Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, APHP. Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
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12
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Sharkey KA, Mawe GM. The enteric nervous system. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:1487-1564. [PMID: 36521049 PMCID: PMC9970663 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00018.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Of all the organ systems in the body, the gastrointestinal tract is the most complicated in terms of the numbers of structures involved, each with different functions, and the numbers and types of signaling molecules utilized. The digestion of food and absorption of nutrients, electrolytes, and water occurs in a hostile luminal environment that contains a large and diverse microbiota. At the core of regulatory control of the digestive and defensive functions of the gastrointestinal tract is the enteric nervous system (ENS), a complex system of neurons and glia in the gut wall. In this review, we discuss 1) the intrinsic neural control of gut functions involved in digestion and 2) how the ENS interacts with the immune system, gut microbiota, and epithelium to maintain mucosal defense and barrier function. We highlight developments that have revolutionized our understanding of the physiology and pathophysiology of enteric neural control. These include a new understanding of the molecular architecture of the ENS, the organization and function of enteric motor circuits, and the roles of enteric glia. We explore the transduction of luminal stimuli by enteroendocrine cells, the regulation of intestinal barrier function by enteric neurons and glia, local immune control by the ENS, and the role of the gut microbiota in regulating the structure and function of the ENS. Multifunctional enteric neurons work together with enteric glial cells, macrophages, interstitial cells, and enteroendocrine cells integrating an array of signals to initiate outputs that are precisely regulated in space and time to control digestion and intestinal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith A Sharkey
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gary M Mawe
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
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13
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Niang LY, Heckroth M, Mathur P, Abell TL. Gastroparesis syndromes: emerging drug targets and potential therapeutic opportunities. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2023; 32:245-262. [PMID: 36872904 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2023.2186222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gastroparesis (Gp) and related disorders such as chronic unexplained nausea and vomiting and functional dyspepsia, known as gastropareis syndromes (GpS), have large unmet needs. Mainstays of GpS treatments are diet and drugs. AREAS COVERED The purpose of this review is to explore potential new medications and other therapies for gastroparesis. Before discussing possible new drugs, the currently used drugs are discussed. These include dopamine receptor antagonists, 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor agonists and antagonists, neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists and other anti-emetics. The article also considers future drugs that may be used for Gp, based on currently known pathophysiology. EXPERT OPINION Gaps in knowledge about the pathophysiology of gastroparesis and related syndromes are critical to developing therapeutic agents that will be successful. Recent major developments in the gastroparesis arena are related to microscopic anatomy, cellular function, and pathophysiology. The major challenges moving forward will be to develop the genetic and biochemical correlates of these major developments in gastroparesis research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Yu Niang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Matthew Heckroth
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Prateek Mathur
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Thomas L Abell
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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14
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Bozomitu L, Miron I, Adam Raileanu A, Lupu A, Paduraru G, Marcu FM, Buga AML, Rusu DC, Dragan F, Lupu VV. The Gut Microbiome and Its Implication in the Mucosal Digestive Disorders. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123117. [PMID: 36551874 PMCID: PMC9775516 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is one of the most studied compartments of the human body as it hosts the largest microbial community including trillions of germs. The relationship between the human and its associated flora is complex, as the microbiome plays an important role in nutrition, metabolism and immune function. With a dynamic composition, influenced by many intrinsic and extrinsic factors, there is an equilibrium maintained in the composition of GI microbiota, translated as "eubiosis". Any disruption of the microbiota leads to the development of different local and systemic diseases. This article reviews the human GI microbiome's composition and function in healthy individuals as well as its involvement in the pathogenesis of different digestive disorders. It also highlights the possibility to consider flora manipulation a therapeutic option when treating GI diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bozomitu
- Pediatrics Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ingrith Miron
- Pediatrics Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Anca Adam Raileanu
- Pediatrics Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (A.A.R.); (A.L.)
| | - Ancuta Lupu
- Pediatrics Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (A.A.R.); (A.L.)
| | - Gabriela Paduraru
- Pediatrics Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Florin Mihai Marcu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Ana Maria Laura Buga
- Pediatrics Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Daniela Carmen Rusu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Felicia Dragan
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Vasile Valeriu Lupu
- Pediatrics Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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15
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Multi-strain probiotics for extremely preterm infants: a randomized controlled trial. Pediatr Res 2022; 92:1663-1670. [PMID: 35314794 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-022-02004-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effects of probiotics on intestinal microbiota and feeding tolerance remain unclear in extremely low-birth-weight (ELBW) infants. METHODS ELBW infants were randomly assigned to receive probiotics or no intervention. Stool samples were collected prior to, 2 and 4 weeks after initiation, and 2 weeks after probiotics cessation for infants in the probiotics group, and at matched postnatal age time points for infants in the control group. RESULTS Of the 102 infants assessed for eligibility, sixty-two were included. Infants who received probiotics reached full enteral feeds sooner (Mean difference (MD) -1.8; 95% CI:-3.7 to -0.01 day), had a tendency toward lower incidence of hematochezia before hospital discharge (22.6% vs 3.2%; P = 0.053), and were less likely to require extensively hydrolyzed- or amino acids-based formulas to alleviate signs of cow's milk protein intolerance in the first 6 months of life (19.4% vs 51.6%; P = 0.008). Infants on probiotics were more likely to receive wide-spectrum antibiotics (64.5% vs 32.2%; P = 0.01). Multi-strain probiotics resulted in significant increase in fecal Bifidobacterium (P < 0.001) and Lactobacillus (P = 0.005), and marked reduction in fecal candida abundance (P = 0.04). CONCLUSION Probiotics sustained intestinal Bifidobacterium and reduced time to achieve full enteral feeds in extremely preterm infants. Probiotics might improve tolerance for cow's milk protein supplements. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial has been registered at www. CLINICALTRIALS gov (identifier NCT03422562). IMPACT Probiotics may help extremely preterm infants achieve full enteral feeds sooner. Probiotics may improve tolerance for cow's milk protein supplements. Multi-strain probiotics can sustain intestinal Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus until hospital discharge.
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16
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Chen W, Liao L, Huang Z, Lu Y, Lin Y, Pei Y, Yi S, Huang C, Cao H, Tan B. Patchouli alcohol improved diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome by regulating excitatory neurotransmission in the myenteric plexus of rats. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:943119. [PMID: 36452228 PMCID: PMC9703083 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.943119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is usually associated with chronic gastrointestinal disorders. Its most common subtype is accompanied with diarrhea (IBS-D). The enteric nervous system (ENS) modulates major gastrointestinal motility and functions whose aberration may induce IBS-D. The enteric neurons are susceptible to long-term neurotransmitter level alterations. The patchouli alcohol (PA), extracted from Pogostemonis Herba, has been reported to regulate neurotransmitter release in the ENS, while its effectiveness against IBS-D and the underlying mechanism remain unknown. Experimental Approach: In this study, we established an IBS-D model in rats through chronic restraint stress. We administered the rats with 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg of PA for intestinal and visceral examinations. The longitudinal muscle myenteric plexus (LMMP) neurons were further immunohistochemically stained for quantitative, morphological, and neurotransmitters analyses. Key Results: We found that PA decreased visceral sensitivity, diarrhea symptoms and intestinal transit in the IBS-D rats. Meanwhile, 10 and 20 mg/kg of PA significantly reduced the proportion of excitatory LMMP neurons in the distal colon, decreased the number of acetylcholine (Ach)- and substance P (SP)-positive neurons in the distal colon and restored the levels of Ach and SP in the IBS-D rats. Conclusion and Implications: These findings indicated that PA modulated LMMP excitatory neuron activities, improved intestinal motility and alleviated IBS-induced diarrheal symptoms, suggesting the potential therapeutic efficacy of PA against IBS-D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyu Chen
- Research Centre of Basic Intergrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Liao
- Shenzhen Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zitong Huang
- Research Centre of Basic Intergrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yulin Lu
- Research Centre of Basic Intergrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yukang Lin
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicines, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Pei
- Research Centre of Basic Intergrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shulin Yi
- Research Centre of Basic Intergrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Huang
- Research Centre of Basic Intergrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongying Cao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Tan
- Research Centre of Basic Intergrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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17
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Li B, Li M, Luo Y, Li R, Li W, Liu Z. Engineered 5-HT producing gut probiotic improves gastrointestinal motility and behavior disorder. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1013952. [PMID: 36339343 PMCID: PMC9630942 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1013952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Slow transit constipation is an intractable constipation with unknown aetiology and uncertain pathogenesis. The gut microbiota maintains a symbiotic relationship with the host and has an impact on host metabolism. Previous studies have reported that some gut microbes have the ability to produce 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), an important neurotransmitter. However, there are scarce data exploiting the effects of gut microbiota-derived 5-HT in constipation-related disease. We genetically engineered the probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN-5-HT) for synthesizing 5-HT in situ. The ability of EcN-5-HT to secrete 5-HT in vitro and in vivo was confirmed. Then, we examined the effects of EcN-5-HT on intestinal motility in a loperamide-induced constipation mouse model. After two weeks of EcN-5-HT oral gavage, the constipation-related symptoms were relieved and gastrointestinal motility were enhanced. Meanwhile, administration of EcN-5-HT alleviated the constipation related depressive-like behaviors. We also observed improved microbiota composition during EcN-5-HT treatment. This work suggests that gut microbiota-derived 5-HT might promise a potential therapeutic strategy for constipation and related behavioral disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Li
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanan Luo
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Li, ; Zhi Liu,
| | - Zhi Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Li, ; Zhi Liu,
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18
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Pan R, Wang L, Xu X, Chen Y, Wang H, Wang G, Zhao J, Chen W. Crosstalk between the Gut Microbiome and Colonic Motility in Chronic Constipation: Potential Mechanisms and Microbiota Modulation. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183704. [PMID: 36145079 PMCID: PMC9505360 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic constipation (CC) is a highly prevalent and burdensome gastrointestinal disorder. Accumulating evidence highlights the link between imbalances in the gut microbiome and constipation. However, the mechanisms by which the microbiome and microbial metabolites affect gut movement remain poorly understood. In this review, we discuss recent studies on the alteration in the gut microbiota in patients with CC and the effectiveness of probiotics in treating gut motility disorder. We highlight the mechanisms that explain how the gut microbiome and its metabolism are linked to gut movement and how intestinal microecological interventions may counteract these changes based on the enteric nervous system, the central nervous system, the immune function, and the ability to modify intestinal secretion and the hormonal milieu. In particular, microbiota-based approaches that modulate the levels of short-chain fatty acids and tryptophan catabolites or that target the 5-hydroxytryptamine and Toll-like receptor pathways may hold therapeutic promise. Finally, we discuss the existing limitations of microecological management in treating constipation and suggest feasible directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruili Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiaopeng Xu
- The Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuxi Xishan People’s Hospital, Wuxi 214105, China
| | - Ying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Haojue Wang
- The Department of of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wuxi Xishan People’s Hospital, Wuxi 214105, China
- Correspondence: (H.W.); (J.Z.); Tel.: +86-510-8240-2084 (H.W.); +86-510-8591-2155 (J.Z.)
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou 225004, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou 225004, China
- Correspondence: (H.W.); (J.Z.); Tel.: +86-510-8240-2084 (H.W.); +86-510-8591-2155 (J.Z.)
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou 225004, China
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19
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Ren B, Fu S, Liu Y, Kang J, Wang B, Yao Z, Wang H, Sun D. Dioscin ameliorates slow transit constipation in mice by up-regulation of the BMP2 secreted by muscularis macrophages. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 25:1132-1140. [PMID: 36246057 PMCID: PMC9526884 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2022.64683.14236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The loss of enteric neurons has been shown to be a major cause of slow transit constipation (STC). Gut microbiota and muscularis macrophages (MMs) are associated with the enteric nervous system (ENS) development and gastrointestinal (GI) motility. This study aimed to investigate whether Dioscin (DIO) increased GI motility and inhibited neuron loss by modulating gut microbiota profile, improving inflammation in the ENS microenvironment. Materials and Methods The STC model was established by loperamide. The alteration of the gut microbiota was analyzed by 16S rDNA sequencing. The longitudinal muscle and myenteric plexus (LMMP) from the colon were prepared for flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, western blot, and qRT-PCR. Results DIO increased the stool number, stool water content and shortened whole gut transit time, helped to recover the gut microbial diversity and microbiota community structure, and increased the abundance of Muribaculaceae in STC mice. Compared with the STC group, the number of MMs and the level of the iNOS, IL-6, and TNFα genes were significantly decreased following DIO treatment. Moreover, DIO may increase the number of HuC/D+ neurons per ganglion by up-regulating the BMP2 secreted by MMs and activating the BMP2/p-Smad1/5/9 signaling pathway. Furthermore, the level of excitatory neurotransmitter AchE in colon tissues exhibited a substantial increase in the DIO group. However, the level of inhibitory neurotransmitter VIP was markedly decreased. Conclusion Our results provide that DIO increases GI motility and inhibits neuron loss by modulating gut microbiota profile, improving inflammation in the ENS microenvironment and up-regulating the BMP2 secreted by MMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- BingBing Ren
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China,These authors contributed eqully to this work
| | - SiQi Fu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China,These authors contributed eqully to this work
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China,These authors contributed eqully to this work
| | - JianYu Kang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - ZhiWei Yao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China,Corresponding authors: Da-Qing Sun. Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 An-Shan Road, Heping, Tianjin 300052, China. , Hao Wang. Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China.
| | - DaQing Sun
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China,Corresponding authors: Da-Qing Sun. Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 An-Shan Road, Heping, Tianjin 300052, China. , Hao Wang. Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China.
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Zheng Z, Tang J, Hu Y, Zhang W. Role of gut microbiota-derived signals in the regulation of gastrointestinal motility. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:961703. [PMID: 35935766 PMCID: PMC9354785 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.961703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract harbors trillions of commensal microbes, called the gut microbiota, which plays a significant role in the regulation of GI physiology, particularly GI motility. The GI tract expresses an array of receptors, such as toll-like receptors (TLRs), G-protein coupled receptors, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), and ligand-gated ion channels, that sense different gut microbiota-derived bioactive substances. Specifically, microbial cell wall components and metabolites, including lipopeptides, peptidoglycan, lipopolysaccharides (LPS), bile acids (BAs), short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and tryptophan metabolites, mediate the effect of gut microbiota on GI motility through their close interactions with the enteroendocrine system, enteric nervous system, intestinal smooth muscle, and immune system. In turn, GI motility affects the colonization within the gut microbiota. However, the mechanisms by which gut microbiota interacts with GI motility remain to be elucidated. Deciphering the underlying mechanisms is greatly important for the prevention or treatment of GI dysmotility, which is a complication associated with many GI diseases, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and constipation. In this perspective, we overview the current knowledge on the role of gut microbiota and its metabolites in the regulation of GI motility, highlighting the potential mechanisms, in an attempt to provide valuable clues for the development of gut microbiota-dependent therapy to improve GI motility.
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21
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Making Sense of Quorum Sensing at the Intestinal Mucosal Interface. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111734. [PMID: 35681429 PMCID: PMC9179481 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome can produce metabolic products that exert diverse activities, including effects on the host. Short chain fatty acids and amino acid derivatives have been the focus of many studies, but given the high microbial density in the gastrointestinal tract, other bacterial products such as those released as part of quorum sensing are likely to play an important role for health and disease. In this review, we provide of an overview on quorum sensing (QS) in the gastrointestinal tract and summarise what is known regarding the role of QS molecules such as auto-inducing peptides (AIP) and acyl-homoserine lactones (AHL) from commensal, probiotic, and pathogenic bacteria in intestinal health and disease. QS regulates the expression of numerous genes including biofilm formation, bacteriocin and toxin secretion, and metabolism. QS has also been shown to play an important role in the bacteria–host interaction. We conclude that the mechanisms of action of QS at the intestinal neuro–immune interface need to be further investigated.
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22
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Liu G, Cao S, Liu X, Li Z, Tian Y, Zhang X, Zhong H, Zhou Y. Effect of perioperative probiotic supplements on postoperative short-term outcomes in gastric cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy: A double-blind, randomized controlled trial. Nutrition 2022; 96:111574. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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23
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Lemos MPC, Zucoloto TG, Oliveira MC, de Oliveira GLV. Dysbiosis and Gut Microbiota Modulation in Systemic Sclerosis. J Clin Rheumatol 2022; 28:e568-e573. [PMID: 34030162 DOI: 10.1097/rhu.0000000000001748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Gastrointestinal (GI) involvement is an early manifestation in systemic sclerosis (SSc), affecting more than 90% of patients, and severe GI disease is a marker of poor prognosis and mortality. Recent studies have hypothesized that alterations of the intestinal microbiota, known as dysbiosis, may represent 1 of the possible environmental factors influencing SSc disease status. In addition, specific microorganisms may be associated with SSc pathogenesis, progression, and GI manifestations. Therapeutic approaches aiming to modulate the intestinal microbiota have emerged, as alternatives to treat GI symptoms, and dietary interventions, probiotic administration, and fecal microbiota transplantation are potential therapies for SSc patients. However, given the complexity and variability of pathogenesis and clinical manifestations in SSc, these therapies need to be combined with additional interventions that target other disease components. Here, we summarize studies addressing intestinal dysbiosis in SSc and discuss the potential of microbiota modulators to treat SSc-related GI disorders.
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Yang L, Wan Y, Li W, Liu C, Li HF, Dong Z, Zhu K, Jiang S, Shang E, Qian D, Duan J. Targeting intestinal flora and its metabolism to explore the laxative effects of rhubarb. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:1615-1631. [PMID: 35129656 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11813-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Rhubarb, a traditional herb, has been used in clinical practice for hundreds of years to cure constipation, but its mechanism is still not clear enough. Currently, growing evidence suggests that intestinal flora might be a potential target for the treatment of constipation. Thus, the aim of this study was to clarify the laxative effect of rhubarb via systematically analyzing the metagenome and metabolome of the gut microbiota. In this study, the laxative effects of rhubarb were investigated by loperamide-induced constipation in rats. The gut microbiota was determined by high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry was used for fecal metabolomics analysis. The data showed that rhubarb could significantly shorten gastrointestinal transit time, increase fecal water content and defecation frequency, improve gastrointestinal hormone disruption, and protect the colon mucus layer. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequencing indicated that rhubarb could improve the disorder of intestinal microbiota in constipated rats. For example, beneficial bacteria such as Ligilactobacillus, Limosilalactobacillus, and Prevotellaceae UCG-001 were remarkably increased, and pathogens such as Escherichia-Shigella were significantly decreased after rhubarb treatment. Additionally, the fecal metabolic profiles of constipated rats were improved by rhubarb. After rhubarb treatment, metabolites such as chenodeoxycholic acid, cholic acid, prostaglandin F2α, and α-linolenic acid were markedly increased in constipation rats; in contrast, the metabolites such as lithocholic acid, calcidiol, and 10-hydroxystearic acid were notably reduced in constipation rats. Moreover, correlation analysis indicated a close relationship between intestinal flora, fecal metabolites, and biochemical indices associated with constipation. In conclusion, the amelioration of rhubarb in constipation might modulate the intestinal microflora and its metabolism. Moreover, the application of fecal metabolomics could provide a new strategy to uncover the mechanism of herbal medicines.Key points• Rhubarb could significantly improve gut microbiota disorder in constipation rats.• Rhubarb could markedly modulate the fecal metabolite profile of constipated rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Wan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenwen Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Fang Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiling Dong
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Zhu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Jiang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Erxin Shang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Dawei Qian
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinao Duan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
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Keely SJ, Urso A, Ilyaskin AV, Korbmacher C, Bunnett NW, Poole DP, Carbone SE. Contributions of bile acids to gastrointestinal physiology as receptor agonists and modifiers of ion channels. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2022; 322:G201-G222. [PMID: 34755536 PMCID: PMC8782647 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00125.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) are known to be important regulators of intestinal motility and epithelial fluid and electrolyte transport. Over the past two decades, significant advances in identifying and characterizing the receptors, transporters, and ion channels targeted by BAs have led to exciting new insights into the molecular mechanisms involved in these processes. Our appreciation of BAs, their receptors, and BA-modulated ion channels as potential targets for the development of new approaches to treat intestinal motility and transport disorders is increasing. In the current review, we aim to summarize recent advances in our knowledge of the different BA receptors and BA-modulated ion channels present in the gastrointestinal system. We discuss how they regulate motility and epithelial transport, their roles in pathogenesis, and their therapeutic potential in a range of gastrointestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Keely
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andreacarola Urso
- Department of Surgery, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Alexandr V Ilyaskin
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Christoph Korbmacher
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Nigel W Bunnett
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, New York
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, New York
| | - Daniel P Poole
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council, Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Simona E Carbone
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council, Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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26
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Waclawiková B, Codutti A, Alim K, El Aidy S. Gut microbiota-motility interregulation: insights from in vivo, ex vivo and in silico studies. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:1997296. [PMID: 34978524 PMCID: PMC8741295 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1997296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal tract is home to trillions of microbes. Gut microbial communities have a significant regulatory role in the intestinal physiology, such as gut motility. Microbial effect on gut motility is often evoked by bioactive molecules from various sources, including microbial break down of carbohydrates, fibers or proteins. In turn, gut motility regulates the colonization within the microbial ecosystem. However, the underlying mechanisms of such regulation remain obscure. Deciphering the inter-regulatory mechanisms of the microbiota and bowel function is crucial for the prevention and treatment of gut dysmotility, a comorbidity associated with many diseases. In this review, we present an overview of the current knowledge on the impact of gut microbiota and its products on bowel motility. We discuss the currently available techniques employed to assess the changes in the intestinal motility. Further, we highlight the open challenges, and incorporate biophysical elements of microbes-motility interplay, in an attempt to lay the foundation for describing long-term impacts of microbial metabolite-induced changes in gut motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Waclawiková
- Host-Microbe Interactions, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Agnese Codutti
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Karen Alim
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen, Germany
- Physics Department and Center for Protein Assemblies (CPA), Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Sahar El Aidy
- Host-Microbe Interactions, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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27
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New Concepts of the Interplay Between the Gut Microbiota and the Enteric Nervous System in the Control of Motility. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1383:55-69. [PMID: 36587146 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-05843-1_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Propulsive gastrointestinal (GI) motility is critical for digestive physiology and host defense. GI motility is finely regulated by the intramural reflex pathways of the enteric nervous system (ENS). The ENS is in turn regulated by luminal factors: diet and the gut microbiota. The gut microbiota is a vast ecosystem of commensal bacteria, fungi, viruses, and other microbes. The gut microbiota not only regulates the motor programs of the ENS but also is critical for the normal structure and function of the ENS. In this chapter, we highlight recent research that has shed light on the microbial mechanisms of interaction with the ENS involved in the control of motility. Toll-like receptor signaling mechanisms have been shown to maintain the structural integrity of the ENS and the neurochemical phenotypes of enteric neurons, in part through the production of trophic factors including glia-derived neurotrophic factor. Microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids and/or single-stranded RNA regulates the synthesis of serotonin in enterochromaffin cells, which are involved in the initiation of enteric reflexes, among other functions. Further evidence suggests a crucial role for microbial modulation of serotonin in maintaining the integrity of the ENS through enteric neurogenesis. Understanding the microbial pathways of enteric neural control sheds new light on digestive health and provides novel treatment strategies for GI motility disorders.
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28
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Moyat M, Lebon L, Perdijk O, Wickramasinghe LC, Zaiss MM, Mosconi I, Volpe B, Guenat N, Shah K, Coakley G, Bouchery T, Harris NL. Microbial regulation of intestinal motility provides resistance against helminth infection. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:1283-1295. [PMID: 35288644 PMCID: PMC9705251 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-022-00498-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Soil-transmitted helminths cause widespread disease, infecting ~1.5 billion people living within poverty-stricken regions of tropical and subtropical countries. As adult worms inhabit the intestine alongside bacterial communities, we determined whether the bacterial microbiota impacted on host resistance against intestinal helminth infection. We infected germ-free, antibiotic-treated and specific pathogen-free mice, with the intestinal helminth Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri. Mice harboured increased parasite numbers in the absence of a bacterial microbiota, despite mounting a robust helminth-induced type 2 immune response. Alterations to parasite behaviour could already be observed at early time points following infection, including more proximal distribution of infective larvae along the intestinal tract and increased migration in a Baermann assay. Mice lacking a complex bacterial microbiota exhibited reduced levels of intestinal acetylcholine, a major excitatory intestinal neurotransmitter that promotes intestinal transit by activating muscarinic receptors. Both intestinal motility and host resistance against larval infection were restored by treatment with the muscarinic agonist bethanechol. These data provide evidence that a complex bacterial microbiota provides the host with resistance against intestinal helminths via its ability to regulate intestinal motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mati Moyat
- grid.5333.60000000121839049Global Health Institute, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Centre, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Luc Lebon
- grid.5333.60000000121839049Global Health Institute, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olaf Perdijk
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Centre, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Lakshanie C. Wickramasinghe
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Centre, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Mario M. Zaiss
- grid.5333.60000000121839049Global Health Institute, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.5330.50000 0001 2107 3311Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ilaria Mosconi
- grid.5333.60000000121839049Global Health Institute, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Beatrice Volpe
- grid.5333.60000000121839049Global Health Institute, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nadine Guenat
- grid.5333.60000000121839049Global Health Institute, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kathleen Shah
- grid.5333.60000000121839049Global Health Institute, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gillian Coakley
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Centre, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Tiffany Bouchery
- grid.5333.60000000121839049Global Health Institute, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Centre, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Nicola L. Harris
- grid.5333.60000000121839049Global Health Institute, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Centre, Melbourne, VIC Australia
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29
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Cheng J, Laitila A, Ouwehand AC. Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019 Effects on Gut Health: A Review. Front Nutr 2022; 8:790561. [PMID: 34970580 PMCID: PMC8712437 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.790561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Optimal gut motility is central to bowel function and gut health. The link between the gut dysmotility related disorders and dysfunctional-intestinal barriers has led to a hypothesis that certain probiotics could help in normalizing gut motility and maintain gut health. This review investigates the roles of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019 (B. lactis HN019™) on gut health, and its mechanisms of action in various pre-clinical and clinical studies. Research supports the hypothesis that B. lactis HN019™ has a beneficial role in maintaining intestinal barrier function during gastrointestinal infections by competing and excluding potential pathogens via different mechanisms; maintaining normal tight junction function in vitro; and regulating host immune defense toward pathogens in both in vitro and human studies. This has been observed to lead to reduced incidence of diarrhea. Interestingly, B. lactis HN019™ also supports normal physiological function in immunosenescent elderly and competes and excludes potential pathogens. Furthermore, B. lactis HN019™ reduced intestinal transit time and increased bowel movement frequency in functional constipation, potentially by modulating gut–brain–microbiota axis, mainly via serotonin signaling pathway, through short chain fatty acids derived from microbial fermentation. B. lactis HN019™ is thus a probiotic that can contribute to relieving gut dysmotility related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cheng
- International Flavors & Fragrances Inc., Global Health and Nutrition Science, Danisco Sweeteners Oy, Kantvik, Finland
| | - Arja Laitila
- International Flavors & Fragrances Inc., Global Health and Nutrition Science, Danisco Sweeteners Oy, Kantvik, Finland
| | - Arthur C Ouwehand
- International Flavors & Fragrances Inc., Global Health and Nutrition Science, Danisco Sweeteners Oy, Kantvik, Finland
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30
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31
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Gu Y, Qin X, Zhou G, Wang C, Mu C, Liu X, Zhong W, Xu X, Wang B, Jiang K, Liu J, Cao H. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG supernatant promotes intestinal mucin production through regulating 5-HT4R and gut microbiota. Food Funct 2022; 13:12144-12155. [DOI: 10.1039/d2fo01900k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
LGGs promoted intestinal MUC2 production through regulating S100A10/5-HT4R and the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Xiali Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Guoqiong Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Chenlu Mu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Weilong Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Bangmao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Kui Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Jinghua Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin TEDA Hospital, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Hailong Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China
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32
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Teaw S, Hinchcliff M, Cheng M. A review and roadmap of the skin, lung and gut microbiota in systemic sclerosis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 60:5498-5508. [PMID: 33734316 PMCID: PMC8643452 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As our understanding of the genetic underpinnings of SSc increases, questions regarding the environmental trigger(s) that induce and propagate SSc in the genetically predisposed individual emerge. The interplay between the environment, the immune system, and the microbial species that inhabit the patient's skin and gastrointestinal tract is a pathobiological frontier that is largely unexplored in SSc. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the methodologies, experimental study results and future roadmap for elucidating the relationship between the SSc host and his/her microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Teaw
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Medicine Section of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Monique Hinchcliff
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Medicine Section of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Michelle Cheng
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Medicine Section of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology, New Haven, CT, USA
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Chandrasekharan B, Boyer D, Owens JA, Wolfarth AA, Saeedi BJ, Dhere T, Iskandar H, Neish AS. Intracolonic Neuropeptide Y Y1 Receptor Inhibition Attenuates Intestinal Inflammation in Murine Colitis and Cytokine Release in IBD Biopsies. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2021; 28:502-513. [PMID: 34613372 PMCID: PMC8972328 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izab243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We have demonstrated that neuropeptide Y (NPY) can regulate pro-inflammatory signaling in the gut via cross-talk with the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Here, we investigated if selective blocking of NPY receptors, NPY1R or NPY2R, using small molecule non-peptide antagonists (BIBP-3222 for NPY1R and BIIE-0246 for NPY2R) in the colon could attenuate intestinal inflammation by lowering TNF levels (BIBP - N-[(1R)]-4-[(Aminoiminomethyl)amino-1-[[[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]amino]carbonyl]butyl-α-phenylbenzeneacetamide; BIIE - N-[(1S)-4-[(Aminoiminomethyl)amino]-1-[[[2-(3,5-dioxo-1,2-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazolidin-4-yl)ethyl]amino]carbonyl]butyl]-1-[2-[4-(6,11-dihydro-6-oxo-5H-dibenz[b,e]azepin-11-yl)-1-piperazinyl]-2-oxoethyl]-cyclopentaneacetamide). Colitis was induced using dextran sodium sulfate in drinking water for 7 days, or by adoptive T-cell transfer in RAG-/- mice. Colonic biopsies from healthy subjects (n = 10) and IBD patients (n = 34, UC = 20, CD = 14) were cultured ex vivo in presence or absence of NPY antagonists (100 µM, 20 h), and cytokine release into culture supernatants was measured by ELISA. Intracolonic administration of BIBP (but not BIIE) significantly reduced clinical, endoscopic, and histological scores, and serum TNF, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-12p70 in DSS colitis; it also significantly attenuated histological damage and serum IL-6 in T-cell colitis (P < .05). Intracolonic administration of BIBP significantly reduced TNF and interferon (IFN)-γ release from UC biopsies, whereas BIIE downregulated only IFN-γ (P < .05). BIBP significantly reduced TNF and interferon (IFN)-γ release from UC biopsies, whereas BIIE downregulated only IFN-γ (P < .05). Our data suggest a promising therapeutic value for NPY1R inhibition in alleviating intestinal inflammation in UC, possibly as enemas to IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bindu Chandrasekharan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA,Address correspondence to: Bindu Chandrasekharan, PhD, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA ()
| | - Darra Boyer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Joshua A Owens
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Alexandra A Wolfarth
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Bejan J Saeedi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Tanvi Dhere
- Department of Medicine (Digestive Diseases), Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Heba Iskandar
- Department of Medicine (Digestive Diseases), Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Andrew S Neish
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Zhao Z, Xue Y, Zhang G, Jia J, Xiu R, Jia Y, Wang Y, Wang X, Li H, Chen P, Zhang X. Identification of evodiamine and rutecarpine as novel TMEM16A inhibitors and their inhibitory effects on peristalsis in isolated Guinea-pig ileum. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 908:174340. [PMID: 34265294 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The transmembrane member 16A (TMEM16A)-encoded Ca2+-activated Cl- channel (CaCC) is expressed in interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) and involved in the generation of the slow-wave currents of gastrointestinal (GI) smooth muscles. TMEM16A modulators have been shown to positively or negatively regulate the contraction of gastrointestinal smooth muscle. Therefore, targeting the pharmacological modulation of TMEM16A may represent a novel treatment approach for gastrointestinal dysfunctions such as constipation and diarrhoea. In this study, evodiamine and rutecarpine were extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine Evodia rutaecarpa and identified as novel TMEM16A inhibitors with comparable inhibitory effects. Their effects on intestinal peristalsis were examined. Whole-cell patch clamp results show that evodiamine and rutecarpine inhibited TMEM16A Cl- currents in CHO cells. The half-maximal inhibition values (IC50) of evodiamine and rutecarpine on TMEM16A Cl- currents were 11.8 ± 1.3 μΜ and 9.2 ± 0.4 μM, and the maximal effect values (Emax) were 95.8 ± 5.1% and 99.1 ± 1.6%, respectively. The Lys384, Thr385, and Met524 in TMEM16A are critical for evodiamine and rutecarpine's inhibitory effects. Further functional studies show that both evodiamine and rutecarpine can significantly suppress the peristalsis in isolated guinea-pig ileum. These findings demonstrate that evodiamine and rutecarpine are new TMEM16A inhibitors and support the regulation effect of TMEM16A modulators on gastrointestinal motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yurun Xue
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Gaohua Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jie Jia
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ruilian Xiu
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yugai Jia
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiangchong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Honglin Li
- Department of Respiratory, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Pingping Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Shijiazhuang, China; Hebei Higher Education Institute Applied Technology Research Center on TCM Formula Preparation, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China.
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35
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Tan TC, Noviani M, Leung YY, Low AHL. The microbiome and systemic sclerosis: A review of current evidence. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2021; 35:101687. [PMID: 33849778 DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2021.101687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is characterized by immune dysregulation, vasculopathy, and fibrosis of multiple organs. The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is the most common internal organ manifestation, which contributes to significant morbidity and mortality in patients with SSc. Emerging reports have identified unique microbial taxa alterations in the GI microbiome of patients with SSc as compared to healthy controls (HC). These taxa alterations include differences at the phyla (e.g., Bacteroidetes) and genera (e.g., Bacteroides, Clostridium, Faecalibacterium, and Lactobacillus) level. In addition, some genera have been associated with more severe GI symptoms (e.g., Prevotella and Akkermansia). This review summarizes the current evidence on factors influencing the GI microbiome, GI microbiome alterations in SSc as compared to HC, and in SSc subgroups according to disease manifestations. Current exploration in therapeutic interventions that target the GI microbiome is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tze Chin Tan
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.
| | - Maria Noviani
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.
| | - Ying Ying Leung
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.
| | - Andrea Hsiu Ling Low
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.
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36
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Zhang X, Zheng J, Jiang N, Sun G, Bao X, Kong M, Cheng X, Lin A, Liu H. Modulation of gut microbiota and intestinal metabolites by lactulose improves loperamide-induced constipation in mice. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 158:105676. [PMID: 33310029 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lactulose is a common laxative and has been widely applied to clinical treatment for constipation. This study aimed to explore the improving effect of lactulose on constipation through the mediation of gut microbiota and intestinal metabolites. BALB/c mice with constipation induced by loperamide were orally treated with lactulose for four weeks. After the treatment, the constipation-related factors were determined. The effect of lactulose on the composition of gut microbiota was assessed by 16S rDNA gene sequencing. Gas chromatography or liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC/LC-MS) analysis was used for the quantification of intestinal metabolites. The treatment of constipated mice with lactulose accelerated intestinal motility, suppressed inflammatory responses, protected gut barrier, and improved metabolisms of water and salt in the intestinal tract. These therapeutic effects were attributed to the reversed gut microbiota dysfunction, which conferred the benefit to the production of intestinal metabolites including bile acids, short-chain fatty acids, and tryptophan catabolites. Further, the depletion of intestinal flora from loperamide- or (loperamide + lactulose)-treated mice confirmed the significance of gut microbiota in the mediation of constipation. In summary, this study leads us to propose that lactulose may improve constipation through a prebiotic effect on gut microbiota and intestinal metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhang
- Clinical college of traditional Chinese medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430060, PR China
| | - Junping Zheng
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430061, PR China; Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Guangjun Sun
- Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430061, PR China; Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Xinkun Bao
- Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430061, PR China; Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Mingwang Kong
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Xue Cheng
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Aizhen Lin
- Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430061, PR China; Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
| | - Hongtao Liu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China.
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37
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Dalziel JE, Spencer NJ, Young W. Microbial signalling in colonic motility. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 134:105963. [PMID: 33636395 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2021.105963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sensory nerve endings within the wall of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract may respond to bacterial signalling, providing the basis for key biological processes that underlie intestinal motility and microbial homeostasis. Enteric neurons and smooth muscle cells are well known to express an array of receptors, including G-protein coupled receptors and ligand-gated ion channels, that can sense chemical ligands and other bacterially-derived substances. These include short chain fatty acids, secondary bile acids and lipopolysaccharide. For neural detection of microbial activators to occur, luminal substances must first interact with enterocytes for direct signalling or cross paracellularly. Recent studies indicate that bacterial-derived microvesicles can cross the gut epithelial barrier and affect motility. This suggests a possible intercellular communication pathway between the GI tract and the ENS. We explore the idea that bacterial microvesicles can behave as a delivery package for communication between microbe and host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie E Dalziel
- Smart Foods Innovation Centre of Excellence, AgResearch, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
| | - Nick J Spencer
- Discipline of Physiology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, School of Medicine, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Wayne Young
- Smart Foods Innovation Centre of Excellence, AgResearch, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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38
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Salami M. Interplay of Good Bacteria and Central Nervous System: Cognitive Aspects and Mechanistic Considerations. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:613120. [PMID: 33642976 PMCID: PMC7904897 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.613120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal tract hosts trillions of microorganisms that is called “gut microbiota.” The gut microbiota is involved in a wide variety of physiological features and functions of the body. Thus, it is not surprising that any damage to the gut microbiota is associated with disorders in different body systems. Probiotics, defined as living microorganisms with health benefits for the host, can support or restore the composition of the gut microbiota. Numerous investigations have proved a relationship between the gut microbiota with normal brain function as well as many brain diseases, in which cognitive dysfunction is a common clinical problem. On the other hand, increasing evidence suggests that the existence of a healthy gut microbiota is crucial for normal cognitive processing. In this regard, interplay of the gut microbiota and cognition has been under focus of recent researches. In the present paper, I review findings of the studies considering beneficial effects of either gut microbiota or probiotic bacteria on the brain cognitive function in the healthy and disease statuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Salami
- Physiology Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.,Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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39
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Tytgat HLP, Rasinkangas P, Ritari J, Reunanen J, Aalvink S, Lin CW, Palva A, Douillard FP, de Vos WM. Selection and characterization of a SpaCBA pilus-secreting food-grade derivative of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:1123-1131. [PMID: 33417041 PMCID: PMC7843469 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-11051-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have established the functional properties of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG, previously known as Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, marketed worldwide as a probiotic. The extraordinary capacity of L. rhamnosus GG to bind to human mucus and influence the immune system especially stand out. Earlier, we have shown the key role of its SpaCBA sortase-dependent pili encoded by the spaCBA-srtC1 gene cluster herein. These heterotrimeric pili consist of a shaft pilin SpaA, a basal pilin SpaB, and tip pilin SpaC that contains a mucus-binding domain. Here, we set out to characterize a food-grade non-GMO mutant of L. rhamnosus GG, strain PA11, which secretes its pilins, rather than coupling them to the cell surface, due to a defect in the housekeeping sortase A. The sortase-negative strain PA11 was extensively characterized using functional genomics and biochemical approaches and found to secrete the SpaCBA pili into the supernatant. Given the functional importance and uniqueness of the mucus-binding pili of L. rhamnosus GG, strain PA11 offers novel opportunities towards the characterization and further therapeutic application of SpaCBA pili and their low-cost, large-scale production. •Creation of pilus-secreting mutant (PA11) of the key probiotic LGG. •Strain PA11 is defective in a functional housekeeping sortase SrtA. •Strain PA11 opens novel biotherapeutic application avenues. Graphical abstract![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne L P Tytgat
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pia Rasinkangas
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,DuPont Nutrition & Biosciences, Kantvik, Finland
| | - Jarmo Ritari
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Justus Reunanen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Steven Aalvink
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Chia-Wei Lin
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Airi Palva
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - François P Douillard
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Willem M de Vos
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands. .,Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. .,Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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40
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Yaghoubfar R, Behrouzi A, Fateh A, Nojoumi SA, Vaziri F, Khatami S, Siadat SD. Effects of Akkermansia muciniphila and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii on serotonin transporter expression in intestinal epithelial cells. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2021; 20:1-5. [PMID: 34222056 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-020-00539-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The highest level of peripheral serotonin in the body can be found in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract as its reservoir. There is complete interaction between human gastrointestinal microbiota and serotonin system. Serotonin in the GI is transferred by serotonin transporters (SERTs), which play a crucial role in the bioavailability of serotonin in the GI. SERT impairment is associated with the pathology of GI disorders. It is known that intestinal microbiota can regulate the SERT function. Therefore, it may be useful to regulate of SERT expression by modulation of microbiota and improvement of intestinal motility and GI sensation. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of two next-generation probiotics, including Akkermansia muciniphila and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and their supernatants on SERT gene expression in human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2). Methods The Caco-2 cells were treated with multiplicity of infection (MOI) ratio of 100 of A. muciniphila and F. prausnitzii, as well as their supernatants. After 24 h, SERT gene expression was examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay. Results A. muciniphila up-regulated the SERT mRNA level by 3.01 folds, compared to the control group. F. prausnitzii, similar to A. muciniphila, increased the expression of SERT gene in Caco-2 cells by 3.43 folds (P < 0.001). Moreover, the supernatants of A. muciniphila and F. prausnitzii significantly up-regulated the expression of SERT gene in the cell line by 2.4 and 5.7 folds, respectively, compared to the control group (P < 0.001). Conclusions The present results showed that A. muciniphila and F. prausnitzii, as well as their supernatants, increased the expression of SERT gene in Caco-2 cells. Therefore, they might be helpful in the microbiota-modulating treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rezvan Yaghoubfar
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ava Behrouzi
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Fateh
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Nojoumi
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzam Vaziri
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shohreh Khatami
- Department of Biochemistry, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Davar Siadat
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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41
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Arora K, Green M, Prakash S. The Microbiome and Alzheimer's Disease: Potential and Limitations of Prebiotic, Synbiotic, and Probiotic Formulations. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:537847. [PMID: 33384986 PMCID: PMC7771210 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.537847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Microbiome has generated significant attention for its impacts not only on gastrointestinal health, but also on signaling pathways of the enteric and central nervous system via the microbiome gut-brain axis. In light of this, microbiome modulation may be an effective therapeutic strategy for treating or mitigating many somatic and neural pathologies, including neurodegenerative disorders. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that interferes with cerebral function by progressively impairing memory, thinking and learning through the continuous depletion of neurons. Although its etiopathogenesis remains uncertain, recent literature endorses the hypothesis that probiotic, prebiotic and synbiotic supplementation alters AD-like symptoms and improves many of its associated disease biomarkers. Alternatively, a dysfunctional microbiota impairs the gut epithelial barrier by inducing chronic gastric inflammation, culminating in neuroinflammation and accelerating AD progression. The findings in this review suggest that probiotics, prebiotics or synbiotics have potential as novel biological prophylactics in treatment of AD, due to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, their ability to improve cognition and metabolic activity, as well as their capacity of producing essential metabolites for gut and brain barrier permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan Arora
- Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Biena Inc., Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Miranda Green
- Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Satya Prakash
- Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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42
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Joly A, Leulier F, De Vadder F. Microbial Modulation of the Development and Physiology of the Enteric Nervous System. Trends Microbiol 2020; 29:686-699. [PMID: 33309188 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract harbors an intrinsic neuronal network, the enteric nervous system (ENS). The ENS controls motility, fluid homeostasis, and blood flow, but also interacts with other components of the intestine such as epithelial and immune cells. Recent studies indicate that gut microbiota diversification, which occurs alongside postnatal ENS maturation, could be critical for the development and function of the ENS. Here we discuss the possibility that this functional relationship starts in utero, whereby the maternal microbiota would prime the developing ENS and shape its physiology. We review ENS/microbiota interactions and their modulation in physiological and pathophysiological contexts. While microbial modulation of the ENS physiology is now well established, further studies are required to understand the contribution of the gut microbiota to the development and pathology of the ENS and to reveal the precise mechanisms underlying microbiota-to-ENS communications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Joly
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR5242, Lyon, France
| | - François Leulier
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR5242, Lyon, France
| | - Filipe De Vadder
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR5242, Lyon, France.
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Li WH, Han JR, Ren PP, Xie Y, Jiang DY. Exploration of the mechanism of Zisheng Shenqi decoction against gout arthritis using network pharmacology. Comput Biol Chem 2020; 90:107358. [PMID: 33243703 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2020.107358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, the network pharmacological methods were used to predict the target of effective components of compounds in Zisheng Shenqi Decoction (ZSD, or Nourishing Kidney Qi Decoction) in the treatment of gouty arthritis (GA). METHOD The main effective components and corresponding key targets of herbs in the ZSD were discerned through the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis (TCMSP), Bioinformatics Analysis Tool for Molecular mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine (BATMAN-TCM) database. UniProt database and Swiss Target Prediction (STP) database was used to rectify and unify the target names and supply the target information. The targets related to GA were obtained by using GeneCards database. After we discovered the potential common targets between ZSD and GA, the interaction network diagram of "ZSD-component-GA-target" was constructed by Cytoscape software (Version 3.7.1). Subsequently, the Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of ZSD effective components-targets and GA-related targets was constructed by Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes Database (STRING). Bioconductor package "org.Hs.eg.db" and "cluster profiler" package were installed in R software (Version 3.6.0) which used for Gene Ontology analysis and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathway enrichment analysis. RESULTS 146 components and 613 targets of 11 herbal medicines in the ZSD were got from TCMSP database and BATMAN-TCM database. 987 targets of GA were obtained from GeneCards database. After intersected and removed duplications, 132 common targets between ZSD and GA were screened out by Cytoscape software (Version 3.7.1). These common targets derived from 81 effective components of 146 components, such as quercetin, stigmasterol and kaempferol. They were closely related to anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti oxidative stress and the principal targets comprised of Purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel 7 (P2x7R), Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) and IL-1β. GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis by R software (Version 3.6.0) showed that the key target genes had close relationship with oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolic process and leukocyte migration in aspects of biological process, cell components and molecular function. It also indicated that ZSD could decrease inflammatory reaction, alleviate ROS accumulation and attenuate pain by regulating P2 × 7R and NOD like receptor signaling pathway of inflammatory reaction. CONCLUSION A total of 81 effective components and 132 common target genes between ZSD and GA were screened by network pharmacology. The PPI network, GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis suggested that ZSD can exerte anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects on the treatment of GA by reducing decreasing inflammatory reaction, alleviating ROS accumulation, and attenuating pain. The possible molecular mechanism of it mainly involved multiple components, multiple targets and multiple signaling pathways, which provided a comprehensive understanding for further study. In general, the network pharmacological method applied in this study provides an alternative strategy for the mechanism of ZSD in the treatment of GA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hao Li
- Department of Synopsis of The Golden Chamber, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China.
| | - Jie-Ru Han
- Department of Synopsis of The Golden Chamber, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China.
| | - Peng-Peng Ren
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, China.
| | - Ying Xie
- Department of Synopsis of The Golden Chamber, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China.
| | - De-You Jiang
- Department of Synopsis of The Golden Chamber, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China.
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Jones RM, Neish AS. Gut Microbiota in Intestinal and Liver Disease. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2020; 16:251-275. [PMID: 33234022 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-030320-095722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
It is known that the gut microbiota, the numerically vast and taxonomically diverse microbial communities that thrive in a symbiotic fashion within our alimentary tract, can affect the normal physiology of the gastrointestinal tract and liver. Further, disturbances of the microbiota community structure from both endogenous and exogenous influences as well as the failure of host responsive mechanisms have been implicated in a variety of disease processes. Mechanistically, alterations in intestinal permeability and dysbiosis of the microbiota can result in inflammation, immune activation, and exposure to xenobiotic influences. Additionally, the gut and liver are continually exposed to small molecule products of the microbiota with proinflammatory, gene regulatory, and oxidative properties. Long-term coevolution has led to tolerance and incorporation of these influences into normal physiology and homeostasis; conversely, changes in this equilibrium from either the host or the microbial side can result in a wide variety of immune, inflammatory, metabolic, and neoplastic intestinal and hepatic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rheinallt M Jones
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA;
| | - Andrew S Neish
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA;
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Aktar R, Parkar N, Stentz R, Baumard L, Parker A, Goldson A, Brion A, Carding S, Blackshaw A, Peiris M. Human resident gut microbe Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron regulates colonic neuronal innervation and neurogenic function. Gut Microbes 2020; 11:1745-1757. [PMID: 32515657 PMCID: PMC7524364 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1766936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS As the importance of gut-brain interactions increases, understanding how specific gut microbes interact with the enteric nervous system (ENS), which is the first point of neuronal exposure becomes critical. Our aim was to understand how the dominant human gut bacterium Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (Bt) regulates anatomical and functional characteristics of the ENS. METHODS Neuronal cell populations, as well as enteroendocrine cells, were assessed in proximal colonic sections using fluorescent immunohistochemistry in specific pathogen-free (SPF), germ-free (GF) and Bt conventionalized-germ-free mice (Bt-CONV). RNA expression of tight junction proteins and toll-like receptors (TLR) were measured using qPCR. Colonic motility was analyzed using in vitro colonic manometry. RESULTS Decreased neuronal and vagal afferent innervation observed in GF mice was normalized by Bt-CONV with increased neuronal staining in mucosa and myenteric plexus. Bt-CONV also restored expression of nitric oxide synthase expressing inhibitory neurons and of choline acetyltransferase and substance P expressing excitatory motor neurons comparable to those of SPF mice. Neurite outgrowth and glial cells were upregulated by Bt-CONV. RNA expression of tight junction protein claudin 3 was downregulated while TLR2 was upregulated by Bt-CONV. The enteroendocrine cell subtypes L-cells and enterochromaffin cells were reduced in GF mice, with Bt-CONV restoring L-cell numbers. Motility as measured by colonic migrating motor complexes (CMMCs) increased in GF and Bt-CONV. CONCLUSION Bt, common gut bacteria, is critical in regulating enteric neuronal and enteroendocrine cell populations, and neurogenic colonic activity. This highlights the potential use of this resident gut bacteria for maintaining healthy gut function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubina Aktar
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Nabil Parkar
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Lucas Baumard
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Simon Carding
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK,Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | | | - Madusha Peiris
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK,CONTACT Madusha Peiris Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London,LondonE1 2AT, UK
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46
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Jeong YS, Bae YS. Formyl peptide receptors in the mucosal immune system. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:1694-1704. [PMID: 33082511 PMCID: PMC7572937 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-00518-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Formyl peptide receptors (FPRs) belong to the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family and are well known as chemotactic receptors and pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that recognize bacterial and mitochondria-derived formylated peptides. FPRs are also known to detect a wide range of ligands, including host-derived peptides and lipids. FPRs are highly expressed not only in phagocytes such as neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages but also in nonhematopoietic cells such as epithelial cells and endothelial cells. Mucosal surfaces, including the gastrointestinal tract, the respiratory tract, the oral cavity, the eye, and the reproductive tract, separate the external environment from the host system. In mucosal surfaces, the interaction between the microbiota and host cells needs to be strictly regulated to maintain homeostasis. By sharing the same FPRs, immune cells and epithelial cells may coordinate pathophysiological responses to various stimuli, including microbial molecules derived from the normal flora. Accumulating evidence shows that FPRs play important roles in maintaining mucosal homeostasis. In this review, we summarize the roles of FPRs at mucosal surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun Jeong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoe-Sik Bae
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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47
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Rasinkangas P, Tytgat HLP, Ritari J, Reunanen J, Salminen S, Palva A, Douillard FP, de Vos WM. Characterization of Highly Mucus-Adherent Non-GMO Derivatives of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:1024. [PMID: 32974330 PMCID: PMC7466733 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.01024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG is one of the best studied lactic acid bacteria in the context of probiotic effects. L. rhamnosus GG has been shown to prevent diarrhea in children and adults and has been implicated to have mitigating or preventive effects in several disorders connected to microbiota dysbiosis. The probiotic effects are largely attributed to its adhesive heterotrimeric sortase-dependent pili, encoded by the spaCBA-srtC1 gene cluster. Indeed, the strain-specific SpaCBA pili have been shown to contribute to adherence, biofilm formation and host signaling. In this work we set out to generate non-GMO derivatives of L. rhamnosus GG that adhere stronger to mucus compared to the wild-type strain using chemical mutagenesis. We selected 13 derivatives that showed an increased mucus-adherent phenotype. Deep shotgun resequencing of the strains enabled division of the strains into three classes, two of which revealed SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) in the spaA and spaC genes encoding the shaft and tip adhesive pilins, respectively. Strikingly, the other class derivatives demonstrated less clear genotype – phenotype relationships, illustrating that pili biogenesis and structure is also affected by other processes. Further characterization of the different classes of derivatives was performed by PacBio SMRT sequencing and RNAseq analysis, which resulted in the identification of molecular candidates driving pilin biosynthesis and functionality. In conclusion, we report on the generation and characterization of three classes of strongly adherent L. rhamnosus GG derivatives that show an increase in adhesion to mucus. These are of special interest as they provide a window on processes and genes driving piliation and its control in L. rhamnosus GG and offer a variety of non-GMO derivatives of this key probiotic strain that are applicable in food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Rasinkangas
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanne L P Tytgat
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Jarmo Ritari
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Justus Reunanen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Seppo Salminen
- Functional Foods Forum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Airi Palva
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - François P Douillard
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Willem M de Vos
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Naudin CR, Maner-Smith K, Owens JA, Wynn GM, Robinson BS, Matthews JD, Reedy AR, Luo L, Wolfarth AA, Darby TM, Ortlund EA, Jones RM. Lactococcus lactis Subspecies cremoris Elicits Protection Against Metabolic Changes Induced by a Western-Style Diet. Gastroenterology 2020; 159:639-651.e5. [PMID: 32169430 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS A Western-style diet, which is high in fat and sugar, can cause significant dyslipidemia and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; the diet has an especially strong effect in women, regardless of total calorie intake. Dietary supplementation with beneficial microbes might reduce the detrimental effects of a Western-style diet. We assessed the effects of Lactococcus lactis subspecies (subsp) cremoris on weight gain, liver fat, serum cholesterol, and insulin resistance in female mice on a high-fat, high-carbohydrate diet. METHODS Female C57BL/6 mice were fed either a high-fat, high-carbohydrate (Western-style) diet that contained 40% fat (mostly milk fat) and 43% carbohydrate (mostly sucrose) or a calorie-matched-per-gram control diet. The diets of mice were supplemented with 1 × 109 colony-forming units of L lactis subsp cremoris ATCC 19257 or Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG ATCC 53103 (control bacteria) 3 times per week for 16 weeks. Body weights were measured, and fecal, blood, and liver tissues were collected and analyzed. Livers were analyzed for fat accumulation and inflammation, and blood samples were analyzed for cholesterol and glucose levels. Mice were housed within Comprehensive Lab Animal Monitoring System cages, and respiratory exchange ratio and activity were measured. Hepatic lipid profiles of L lactis subsp cremoris-supplemented mice were characterized by lipidomics mass spectrometry analysis. RESULTS Mice fed L lactis subsp cremoris while on the Western-style diet gained less weight, developed less hepatic steatosis and inflammation, and had a lower mean serum level of cholesterol and body mass index than mice fed the control bacteria. Mice fed the L lactis subsp cremoris had increased glucose tolerance while on the Western-style diet compared to mice fed control bacteria and had alterations in hepatic lipids, including oxylipins. CONCLUSIONS Dietary supplementation with L lactis subsp cremoris in female mice on a high-fat, high-carbohydrate (Western-style) diet caused them to gain less weight, develop less liver fat and inflammation, reduce serum cholesterol levels, and increase glucose tolerance compared with mice on the same diet fed control bacteria. L lactis subsp cremoris is safe for oral ingestion and might be developed for persons with metabolic and liver disorders caused by a Western-style diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal R Naudin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kristal Maner-Smith
- Emory Integrated Metabolomics and Lipidomics Core, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Joshua A Owens
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Grace M Wynn
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Brian S Robinson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jason D Matthews
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - April R Reedy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Liping Luo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Alexandra A Wolfarth
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Trevor M Darby
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Eric A Ortlund
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Rheinallt M Jones
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.
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49
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The role of the gut microbiota in the pathophysiology of mental and neurological disorders. Psychiatr Genet 2020; 30:87-100. [DOI: 10.1097/ypg.0000000000000255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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50
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Colquhoun C, Duncan M, Grant G. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Host-Microbial-Environmental Interactions in Dysbiosis. Diseases 2020; 8:E13. [PMID: 32397606 PMCID: PMC7348996 DOI: 10.3390/diseases8020013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Crohn's Disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC) are world-wide health problems in which intestinal dysbiosis or adverse functional changes in the microbiome are causative or exacerbating factors. The reduced abundance and diversity of the microbiome may be a result of a lack of exposure to vital commensal microbes or overexposure to competitive pathobionts during early life. Alternatively, many commensal bacteria may not find a suitable intestinal niche or fail to proliferate or function in a protective/competitive manner if they do colonize. Bacteria express a range of factors, such as fimbriae, flagella, and secretory compounds that enable them to attach to the gut, modulate metabolism, and outcompete other species. However, the host also releases factors, such as secretory IgA, antimicrobial factors, hormones, and mucins, which can prevent or regulate bacterial interactions with the gut or disable the bacterium. The delicate balance between these competing host and bacteria factors dictates whether a bacterium can colonize, proliferate or function in the intestine. Impaired functioning of NOD2 in Paneth cells and disrupted colonic mucus production are exacerbating features of CD and UC, respectively, that contribute to dysbiosis. This review evaluates the roles of these and other the host, bacterial and environmental factors in inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - George Grant
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK; (C.C.); (M.D.)
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