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Shoaran M, Sabaie H, Mostafavi M, Rezazadeh M. A comprehensive review of the applications of RNA sequencing in celiac disease research. Gene 2024; 927:148681. [PMID: 38871036 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) has undergone substantial advancements in recent decades and has emerged as a vital technique for profiling the transcriptome. The transition from bulk sequencing to single-cell and spatial approaches has facilitated the achievement of higher precision at cell resolution. It provides valuable biological knowledge about individual immune cells and aids in the discovery of the molecular mechanisms that contribute to the development of autoimmune diseases. Celiac disease (CeD) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by a strong immune response to gluten consumption. RNA-seq has led to significantly advanced research in multiple fields, particularly in CeD research. It has been instrumental in studies involving comparative transcriptomics, nutritional genomics and wheat research, cancer research in the context of CeD, genetic and noncoding RNA-mediated epigenetic insights, disease monitoring and biomarker discovery, regulation of mitochondrial functions, therapeutic target identification and drug mechanism of action, dietary factors, immune cell profiling and the immune landscape. This review offers a comprehensive examination of recent RNA-seq technology research in the field of CeD, highlighting future challenges and opportunities for its application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Shoaran
- Pediatric Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hani Sabaie
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehrnaz Mostafavi
- Faculty of Allied Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Rezazadeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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2
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Buriánek F, Gege C, Marinković P. New developments in celiac disease treatments. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:104113. [PMID: 39067614 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.104113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Celiac disease (CeD), an autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten, affects around 1% of the global population. Standard treatment is a strict gluten-free diet (GFD), which poses significant challenges due to dietary restrictions, cross-contamination and subsequent persistent intestinal inflammation. This underscores the need for new treatment options addressing the complex pathophysiology of CeD. Recent research focuses on developing drugs that target intestinal barrier regeneration, gluten peptide modification, immune response alteration, and gut microbial ecosystem modulation. These approaches offer potential for more effective management of CeD beyond GFD. Gluten-independent treatments may be particularly relevant under the FDA's draft guidance for CeD, which emphasizes drug development as an adjunct to GFD for patients with ongoing signs and symptoms of CeD despite strict GFD.
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3
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Discepolo V, Kelly CP, Koning F, Schuppan D. How Future Pharmacologic Therapies for Celiac Disease Will Complement the Gluten-Free Diet. Gastroenterology 2024; 167:90-103. [PMID: 38604542 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2024.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The only proven treatment for celiac disease is adherence to a strict, lifelong, gluten-free diet. However, complete dietary gluten avoidance is challenging and a substantial number of patients do not respond fully, clinically, or histologically, despite their best efforts. As celiac disease is common and its central pathophysiology is well elucidated, it has become attractive for drug development to address the limitations of dietary treatment. Most efforts address nonresponsive celiac disease, defined as continued symptoms and/or signs of disease activity despite a gluten-free diet, and the more severe forms of refractory celiac disease, types I and II. An increasing spectrum of therapeutic approaches target defined mechanisms in celiac disease pathogenesis and some have advanced to current phase 2 and 3 clinical studies. We discuss these approaches in terms of potential efficiency, practicability, safety, and need, as defined by patients, regulatory authorities, health care providers, and payors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Discepolo
- Department of Translational Medical Science and European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Diseases, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - Ciarán P Kelly
- Celiac Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Frits Koning
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Detlef Schuppan
- Celiac Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immunotherapy, Center for Celiac Disease and Autoimmunity, Johannes-Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
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4
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Abadie V, Han AS, Jabri B, Sollid LM. New Insights on Genes, Gluten, and Immunopathogenesis of Celiac Disease. Gastroenterology 2024; 167:4-22. [PMID: 38670280 PMCID: PMC11283582 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2024.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Celiac disease (CeD) is a gluten-induced enteropathy that develops in genetically susceptible individuals upon consumption of cereal gluten proteins. It is a unique and complex immune disorder to study as the driving antigen is known and the tissue targeted by the immune reaction can be interrogated. This review integrates findings gained from genetic, biochemical, and immunologic studies, which together have revealed mechanisms of gluten peptide modification and HLA binding, thereby enabling a maladapted anti-gluten immune response. Observations in human samples combined with experimental mouse models have revealed that the gluten-induced immune response involves CD4+ T cells, cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, and B cells; their cross-talks are critical for the tissue-damaging response. The emergence of high-throughput technologies is increasing our understanding of the phenotype, location, and presumably function of the gluten-specific cells, which are all required to identify novel therapeutic targets and strategies for CeD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Abadie
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Section of Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Hepatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
| | - Arnold S Han
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University, New York, New York; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University, New York, New York; Department of Medicine, Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Bana Jabri
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Section of Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Hepatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ludvig M Sollid
- Norwegian Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
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5
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Noori E, Hashemi N, Rezaee D, Maleki R, Shams F, Kazemi B, Bandepour M, Rahimi F. Potential therapeutic options for celiac Disease: An update on Current evidence from Gluten-Free diet to cell therapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 133:112020. [PMID: 38608449 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic autoimmune enteropathy and multifactorial disease caused by inappropriate immune responses to gluten in the small intestine. Weight loss, anemia, osteoporosis, arthritis, and hepatitis are among the extraintestinal manifestations of active CD. Currently, a strict lifelong gluten-free diet (GFD) is the only safe, effective, and available treatment. Despite the social burden, high expenses, and challenges of following a GFD, 2 to 5 percent of patients do not demonstrate clinical or pathophysiological improvement. Therefore, we need novel and alternative therapeutic approaches for patients. Innovative approaches encompass a broad spectrum of strategies, including enzymatic degradation of gluten, inhibition of intestinal permeability, modulation of the immune response, inhibition of the transglutaminase 2 (TG2) enzyme, blocking antigen presentation by HLA-DQ2/8, and induction of tolerance. Hence, this review is focused on comprehensive therapeutic strategies ranging from dietary approaches to novel methods such as antigen-based immunotherapy, cell and gene therapy, and the usage of nanoparticles for CD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Effat Noori
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nader Hashemi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Delsuz Rezaee
- School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran; Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Reza Maleki
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Forough Shams
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Bahram Kazemi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojgan Bandepour
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fardin Rahimi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
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Lareau CA, Yin Y, Maurer K, Sandor KD, Daniel B, Yagnik G, Peña J, Crawford JC, Spanjaart AM, Gutierrez JC, Haradhvala NJ, Riberdy JM, Abay T, Stickels RR, Verboon JM, Liu V, Buquicchio FA, Wang F, Southard J, Song R, Li W, Shrestha A, Parida L, Getz G, Maus MV, Li S, Moore A, Roberts ZJ, Ludwig LS, Talleur AC, Thomas PG, Dehghani H, Pertel T, Kundaje A, Gottschalk S, Roth TL, Kersten MJ, Wu CJ, Majzner RG, Satpathy AT. Latent human herpesvirus 6 is reactivated in CAR T cells. Nature 2023; 623:608-615. [PMID: 37938768 PMCID: PMC10999258 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06704-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Cell therapies have yielded durable clinical benefits for patients with cancer, but the risks associated with the development of therapies from manipulated human cells are understudied. For example, we lack a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms of toxicities observed in patients receiving T cell therapies, including recent reports of encephalitis caused by reactivation of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6)1. Here, through petabase-scale viral genomics mining, we examine the landscape of human latent viral reactivation and demonstrate that HHV-6B can become reactivated in cultures of human CD4+ T cells. Using single-cell sequencing, we identify a rare population of HHV-6 'super-expressors' (about 1 in 300-10,000 cells) that possess high viral transcriptional activity, among research-grade allogeneic chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. By analysing single-cell sequencing data from patients receiving cell therapy products that are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration2 or are in clinical studies3-5, we identify the presence of HHV-6-super-expressor CAR T cells in patients in vivo. Together, the findings of our study demonstrate the utility of comprehensive genomics analyses in implicating cell therapy products as a potential source contributing to the lytic HHV-6 infection that has been reported in clinical trials1,6-8 and may influence the design and production of autologous and allogeneic cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb A Lareau
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Yajie Yin
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Katie Maurer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Katalin D Sandor
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bence Daniel
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - José Peña
- Allogene Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Anne M Spanjaart
- Department of Hematology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jacob C Gutierrez
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Janice M Riberdy
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Tsion Abay
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Robert R Stickels
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Vincent Liu
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Frank A Buquicchio
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Fangyi Wang
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jackson Southard
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Translational Immunogenomics Laboratory, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ren Song
- Allogene Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Wenjing Li
- Allogene Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Gad Getz
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marcela V Maus
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shuqiang Li
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Translational Immunogenomics Laboratory, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alison Moore
- Allogene Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Leif S Ludwig
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Aimee C Talleur
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul G Thomas
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | | | - Anshul Kundaje
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Stephen Gottschalk
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Theodore L Roth
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Marie J Kersten
- Department of Hematology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Catherine J Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Robbie G Majzner
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Stanford Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation & Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ansuman T Satpathy
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Marano A, Troncone R, Discepolo V, Maglio M. Combined RNAscope and immunohistochemistry staining on duodenal paraffin sections as a new tool to reveal cytolytic potential of intraepithelial lymphocytes. J Immunol Methods 2023; 517:113470. [PMID: 37037412 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2023.113470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a consolidated technique for the identification of surface and cytoplasmic antigens in cells or tissue sections using specific antibodies, yet simultaneous detection of two markers on the same cell may be difficult to achieve. Here we develop a protocol to perform a double staining using RNAscope, a new in-situ hybridization (ISH) technology, to visualize perforin transcripts, and classical IHC to visualize either CD8 or TcRγδ positive intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) in small intestinal paraffin sections of celiac disease (CD) patients. This double assay will allow to investigate the cytotoxic properties of two subsets of IELs in different stages of CD, thus contributing to understand the events leading to tissue destruction and healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Marano
- European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food-Induced Diseases (ELFID), University Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Riccardo Troncone
- European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food-Induced Diseases (ELFID), University Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; Department of Translational Medical Science, Pediatrics Section University Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Discepolo
- European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food-Induced Diseases (ELFID), University Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; Department of Translational Medical Science, Pediatrics Section University Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Mariantonia Maglio
- European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food-Induced Diseases (ELFID), University Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
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Trovato CM, Montuori M, Leter B, Laudadio I, Russo G, Oliva S. Role of age in dynamics of autoantibodies in pediatric Celiac disease. Ital J Pediatr 2023; 49:38. [PMID: 36959611 PMCID: PMC10037870 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-023-01435-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Celiac disease (CD) is characterized by elevated serum titers of autoantibodies IgA anti-tissue transglutaminase 2 (TGA-IgA) and IgA anti-endomysial (EMA), with small bowel mucosa atrophy. We evaluated age differences between CD children exhibiting variable antibody titers at diagnosis. METHODS CD children diagnosed between January 2014 and June 2019, according to 2012 ESPGHAN guidelines were studied. All had EMA and TGA-IgA measurements, while a proportion of them underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). Patients were grouped based on serum TGA-IgA titers normalized to the upper limit of normal (ULN) and differences in median age (years) assessed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and creation of orthogonal contrasts. RESULTS CD was diagnosed in 295 subjects (median age: 4.4 [IQR: 2.60-8.52]) with a biopsy sparing protocol (high titer: ≥ 10xULN) and in 204 by EGD biopsy. Of the latter, 142 (median age: 8.5 [IQR: 5.81-11.06]) and 62 (median age: 9.5 [IQR: 6.26-12.76]) had a low (< 5xULN) and a moderate (≥ 5 < 10xULN) TGA-IgA titer, respectively. Potential CD was diagnosed in 20 patients (median age: 3.6 [IQR: 2.47-6.91]). The median age was significantly lower in the no-biopsy group (ANOVA: F(3, 516) = 25.98, p < .001) than in low- and moderate titer groups (p < 0.0001), while there was no statistical difference between biopsy-sparing and potential CD groups. CONCLUSION CD patients with greatly elevated antibody titers (≥ 10xULN) were diagnosed at an earlier age than those with lower titers. This may indicate that an increase in TGA-IgA is independent of age and suggests a polarization of autoimmunity in younger individuals with higher serum antibody levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Maria Trovato
- Gastroenterology and Nutritional Rehabilitation Unit, I.R.C.C.S. Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Piazza Sant'Onofrio 4, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Montuori
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Liver Unit, Maternal and Child Health Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Leter
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Laudadio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giusy Russo
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Liver Unit, Maternal and Child Health Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Oliva
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Liver Unit, Maternal and Child Health Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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9
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Mortier E, Maillasson M, Quéméner A. Counteracting Interleukin-15 to Elucidate Its Modes of Action in Physiology and Pathology. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2023; 43:2-22. [PMID: 36651845 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2022.0198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-15 belongs to the common gamma-dependent cytokine family, along with IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, and IL-21. IL-15 is crucial for the homeostasis of Natural Killer (NK) and memory CD8 T cells, and to fight against cancer progression. However, dysregulations of IL-15 expression could occur and participate in the emergence of autoimmune inflammatory diseases as well as hematological malignancies. It is therefore important to understand the different modes of action of IL-15 to decrease its harmful action in pathology without affecting its beneficial effects in the immune system. In this review, we present the different approaches used by researchers to inhibit the action of IL-15, from most broad to the most selective. Indeed, it appears that it is important to selectively target the mode of action of the cytokine rather than the cytokine itself as they are involved in numerous biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwan Mortier
- Nantes Université, CNRS, Inserm, CRCI2NA, Nantes, France.,LabEX IGO, Immuno-Onco-Greffe, Nantes, France
| | - Mike Maillasson
- Nantes Université, CNRS, Inserm, CRCI2NA, Nantes, France.,LabEX IGO, Immuno-Onco-Greffe, Nantes, France
| | - Agnès Quéméner
- Nantes Université, CNRS, Inserm, CRCI2NA, Nantes, France.,LabEX IGO, Immuno-Onco-Greffe, Nantes, France
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10
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The Cytokine Network in Colorectal Cancer: Implications for New Treatment Strategies. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010138. [PMID: 36611932 PMCID: PMC9818504 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequent tumor entities worldwide with only limited therapeutic options. CRC is not only a genetic disease with several mutations in specific oncogenes and/or tumor suppressor genes such as APC, KRAS, PIC3CA, BRAF, SMAD4 or TP53 but also a multifactorial disease including environmental factors. Cancer cells communicate with their environment mostly via soluble factors such as cytokines, chemokines or growth factors to generate a favorable tumor microenvironment (TME). The TME, a heterogeneous population of differentiated and progenitor cells, plays a critical role in regulating tumor development, growth, invasion, metastasis and therapy resistance. In this context, cytokines from cancer cells and cells of the TME influence each other, eliciting an inflammatory milieu that can either enhance or suppress tumor growth and metastasis. Additionally, several lines of evidence exist that the composition of the microbiota regulates inflammatory processes, controlled by cytokine secretion, that play a role in carcinogenesis and tumor progression. In this review, we discuss the cytokine networks between cancer cells and the TME and microbiome in colorectal cancer and the related treatment strategies, with the goal to discuss cytokine-mediated strategies that could overcome the common therapeutic resistance of CRC tumors.
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11
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Dieckman T, Koning F, Bouma G. Celiac disease: New therapies on the horizon. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2022; 66:102268. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2022.102268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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12
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Meghnem D, Maillasson M, Barbieux I, Morisseau S, Keita D, Jacques Y, Quéméner A, Mortier E. Selective Targeting of IL-15Rα Is Sufficient to Reduce Inflammation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:886213. [PMID: 35592318 PMCID: PMC9110858 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.886213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines are crucial molecules for maintaining the proper functioning of the immune system. Nevertheless, a dysregulation of cytokine expression could be involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Interleukin (IL)-15 is a key factor for natural killer cells (NK) and CD8 T cells homeostasis, necessary to fight cancer and infections but could also be considered as a pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in autoimmune inflammatory disease, including rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, along with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), IL-6, and IL-1β. The molecular mechanisms by which IL-15 exerts its inflammatory function in these diseases are still unclear. In this study, we generated an IL-15-derived molecule called NANTIL-15 (New ANTagonist of IL-15), designed to selectively inhibit the action of IL-15 through the high-affinity trimeric IL-15Rα/IL-2Rβ/γc receptor while leaving IL-15 signaling through the dimeric IL-2Rβ/γc receptor unaffected. Administrating of NANTIL-15 in healthy mice did not affect the IL-15-dependent cell populations such as NK and CD8 T cells. In contrast, we found that NANTIL-15 efficiently reduced signs of inflammation in a collagen-induced arthritis model. These observations demonstrate that the inflammatory properties of IL-15 are linked to its action through the trimeric IL-15Rα/IL-2Rβ/γc receptor, highlighting the interest of selectively targeting this receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dihia Meghnem
- Nantes University, CNRS, Inserm, CRCI2NA, Nantes, France.,LabEX IGO, Immuno-Onco-Greffe, Nantes, France
| | - Mike Maillasson
- Nantes University, CNRS, Inserm, CRCI2NA, Nantes, France.,LabEX IGO, Immuno-Onco-Greffe, Nantes, France.,Nantes University, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Inserm, CNRS, SFR Bonamy, UMS BioCore, IMPACT Platform, Nantes, France
| | - Isabelle Barbieux
- Nantes University, CNRS, Inserm, CRCI2NA, Nantes, France.,LabEX IGO, Immuno-Onco-Greffe, Nantes, France
| | - Sébastien Morisseau
- Nantes University, CNRS, Inserm, CRCI2NA, Nantes, France.,LabEX IGO, Immuno-Onco-Greffe, Nantes, France.,Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire (CHU), Nantes Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - Dalloba Keita
- Nantes University, CNRS, Inserm, CRCI2NA, Nantes, France.,LabEX IGO, Immuno-Onco-Greffe, Nantes, France
| | - Yannick Jacques
- Nantes University, CNRS, Inserm, CRCI2NA, Nantes, France.,LabEX IGO, Immuno-Onco-Greffe, Nantes, France
| | - Agnès Quéméner
- Nantes University, CNRS, Inserm, CRCI2NA, Nantes, France.,LabEX IGO, Immuno-Onco-Greffe, Nantes, France
| | - Erwan Mortier
- Nantes University, CNRS, Inserm, CRCI2NA, Nantes, France.,LabEX IGO, Immuno-Onco-Greffe, Nantes, France.,Nantes University, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Inserm, CNRS, SFR Bonamy, UMS BioCore, IMPACT Platform, Nantes, France
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13
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Naddei R, Di Gennaro S, Guarino A, Troncone R, Alessio M, Discepolo V. In a large Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) cohort, concomitant celiac disease is associated with family history of autoimmunity and a more severe JIA course: a retrospective study. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2022; 20:31. [PMID: 35459143 PMCID: PMC9034531 DOI: 10.1186/s12969-022-00689-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A higher prevalence of celiac disease (CD) has been reported in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) compared to the general population. Factors related to the increased risk of co-occurrence and associated disease course have not been fully elucidated. Aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of CD in a large Southern Italian cohort of children with JIA, describe their clinical features and disease course and investigate risk factors associated with their co-occurrence. FINDINGS Demographic, clinical and laboratory data of all patients with JIA admitted to our Pediatric Rheumatology Unit from January 2001 to June 2019, who underwent CD screening, were retrospectively extracted from clinical charts and analyzed. Eight of 329 JIA patients were diagnosed with CD, resulting in a prevalence higher than the general Italian population (2.4% vs 0.93%, p < 0.05). Familiarity for autoimmunity was reported by 87.5% patients with JIA and CD compared to 45.8% of those without CD (p < 0.05). 87.5% patients with JIA and CD required both a conventional Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drug (DMARD) and a biological DMARD over time compared to 36.4% of those without CD (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION A higher CD prevalence was found in a large JIA cohort, supporting the need for CD screening in all JIA children, especially those with a family history of autoimmunity, found to be associated with the co-occurrence of the two diseases. This is clinically relevant since patients with CD and JIA more often required a step-up therapy, suggesting a more severe JIA clinical course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Naddei
- grid.4691.a0000 0001 0790 385XDepartment of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Di Gennaro
- grid.4691.a0000 0001 0790 385XDepartment of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alfredo Guarino
- grid.4691.a0000 0001 0790 385XDepartment of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Riccardo Troncone
- grid.4691.a0000 0001 0790 385XDepartment of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy ,grid.4691.a0000 0001 0790 385XEuropean Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Diseases (ELFID), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Alessio
- grid.4691.a0000 0001 0790 385XDepartment of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Discepolo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy. .,European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Diseases (ELFID), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
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14
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Kenesei Á, Volkó J, Szalóki N, Mocsár G, Jambrovics K, Balajthy Z, Bodnár A, Tóth K, Waldmann TA, Vámosi G. IL-15 Trans-Presentation Is an Autonomous, Antigen-Independent Process. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:2489-2500. [PMID: 34654688 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
IL-15 plays a pivotal role in the long-term survival of T cells and immunological memory. Its receptor consists of three subunits (IL-15Rα, IL-2/15Rβ, and γc). IL-15 functions mainly via trans-presentation (TP), during which an APC expressing IL-15 bound to IL-15Rα presents the ligand to the βγc receptor-heterodimer on a neighboring T/NK cell. To date, no direct biophysical evidence for the intercellular assembly of the IL-15R heterotrimer exists. Ag presentation (AP), the initial step of T cell activation, is also based on APC-T cell interaction. We were compelled to ask whether AP has any effect on IL-15 TP or whether they are independent processes. In our human Raji B cell-Jurkat T cell model system, we monitored inter-/intracellular protein interactions upon formation of IL-15 TP and AP receptor complexes by Förster resonance energy transfer measurements. We detected enrichment of IL-15Rα and IL-2/15Rβ at the synapse and positive Förster resonance energy transfer efficiency if Raji cells were pretreated with IL-15, giving direct biophysical evidence for IL-15 TP. IL-15Rα and MHC class II interacted and translocated jointly to the immunological synapse when either ligand was present, whereas IL-2/15Rβ and CD3 moved independently of each other. IL-15 TP initiated STAT5 phosphorylation in Jurkat cells, which was not further enhanced by AP. Conversely, IL-15 treatment slightly attenuated Ag-induced phosphorylation of the CD3ζ chain. Our studies prove that in our model system, IL-15 TP and AP can occur independently, and although AP enhances IL-15R assembly, it has no significant effect on IL-15 signaling during TP. Thus, IL-15 TP can be considered an autonomous, Ag-independent process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ádám Kenesei
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Julianna Volkó
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Nikoletta Szalóki
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gábor Mocsár
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Károly Jambrovics
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Balajthy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Andrea Bodnár
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Katalin Tóth
- Division of Biophysics of Macromolecules, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; and
| | - Thomas A Waldmann
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - György Vámosi
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary;
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15
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IL-15 and PIM kinases direct the metabolic programming of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4290. [PMID: 34257288 PMCID: PMC8277781 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24473-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) are an abundant population of tissue-resident T cells that protect and maintain the intestinal barrier. IEL respond to epithelial cell-derived IL-15, which is complexed to the IL-15 receptor α chain (IL-15/Rα). IL-15 is essential both for maintaining IEL homeostasis and inducing IEL responses to epithelial stress, which has been associated with Coeliac disease. Here, we apply quantitative mass spectrometry to IL-15/Rα-stimulated IEL to investigate how IL-15 directly regulates inflammatory functions of IEL. IL-15/Rα drives IEL activation through cell cycle regulation, upregulation of metabolic machinery and expression of a select repertoire of cell surface receptors. IL-15/Rα selectively upregulates the Ser/Thr kinases PIM1 and PIM2, which are essential for IEL to proliferate, grow and upregulate granzyme B in response to inflammatory IL-15. Notably, IEL from patients with Coeliac disease have high PIM expression. Together, these data indicate PIM kinases as important effectors of IEL responses to inflammatory IL-15.
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16
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Bakker OB, Ramírez-Sánchez AD, Borek ZA, de Klein N, Li Y, Modderman R, Kooy-Winkelaar Y, Johannesen MK, Matarese F, Martens JHA, Kumar V, van Bergen J, Qiao SW, Lundin KEA, Sollid LM, Koning F, Wijmenga C, Withoff S, Jonkers IH. Potential impact of celiac disease genetic risk factors on T cell receptor signaling in gluten-specific CD4+ T cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9252. [PMID: 33927210 PMCID: PMC8085175 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86612-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease is an auto-immune disease in which an immune response to dietary gluten leads to inflammation and subsequent atrophy of small intestinal villi, causing severe bowel discomfort and malabsorption of nutrients. The major instigating factor for the immune response in celiac disease is the activation of gluten-specific CD4+ T cells expressing T cell receptors that recognize gluten peptides presented in the context of HLA-DQ2 and DQ8. Here we provide an in-depth characterization of 28 gluten-specific T cell clones. We assess their transcriptional and epigenetic response to T cell receptor stimulation and link this to genetic factors associated with celiac disease. Gluten-specific T cells have a distinct transcriptional profile that mostly resembles that of Th1 cells but also express cytokines characteristic of other types of T-helper cells. This transcriptional response appears not to be regulated by changes in chromatin state, but rather by early upregulation of transcription factors and non-coding RNAs that likely orchestrate the subsequent activation of genes that play a role in immune pathways. Finally, integration of chromatin and transcription factor binding profiles suggest that genes activated by T cell receptor stimulation of gluten‑specific T cells may be impacted by genetic variation at several genetic loci associated with celiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier B Bakker
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Aarón D Ramírez-Sánchez
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Zuzanna A Borek
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Niek de Klein
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rutger Modderman
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yvonne Kooy-Winkelaar
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marie K Johannesen
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Filomena Matarese
- Department of Molecular Biology, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joost H A Martens
- Department of Molecular Biology, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Division of Infectious Diseases, Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Paneer Campus, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, India
| | - Jeroen van Bergen
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Shuo-Wang Qiao
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut E A Lundin
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ludvig M Sollid
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Frits Koning
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cisca Wijmenga
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sebo Withoff
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Iris H Jonkers
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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17
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Kivelä L, Caminero A, Leffler DA, Pinto-Sanchez MI, Tye-Din JA, Lindfors K. Current and emerging therapies for coeliac disease. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 18:181-195. [PMID: 33219355 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-020-00378-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Coeliac disease is a common enteropathy that occurs in genetically susceptible individuals in response to the ingestion of gluten proteins present in wheat, rye and barley. Currently, the only available treatment for the condition is a strict, life-long gluten-free diet that, despite being safe and often effective, is associated with several challenges. Due to the high cost, particularly restrictive nature and perception of decreased quality of life associated with the diet, some patients are continuously exposed to gluten, which prevents an adequate disease control. Moreover, a subgroup of patients does not respond to the diet adequately, and healing of the small-bowel mucosa can be incomplete. Thus, there is a need for alternative treatment forms. The increasingly understood pathogenetic process of coeliac disease has enabled the identification of various targets for future therapies. Multiple investigational therapies ranging from tolerogenic to immunological approaches are in the pipeline, and several drug candidates have entered phase II/III clinical trials. This Review gives a broad overview of the different investigative treatment modalities for coeliac disease and summarizes the latest advances in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kivelä
- Tampere Center for Child Health Research, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.,Children's Hospital and Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alberto Caminero
- Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel A Leffler
- Harvard Celiac Disease Research Program, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Maria Ines Pinto-Sanchez
- Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jason A Tye-Din
- Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, and Gastroenterology Department, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Katri Lindfors
- Celiac Disease Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
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18
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The current review is prompted by recent studies indicating that adaptive immunity could be sufficient to explain rapid onset symptoms as well as many chronic effects of gluten in celiac disease. RECENT FINDINGS Gluten re-exposure in treated celiac disease drives a coordinated systemic cytokine release response implicating T-cell activation within 2 h. Instead of direct effects of gluten on innate immunity, long lasting memory CD4+ T cells activated within 2 h of ingesting gluten or injecting purified gluten peptides now appear to be responsible for acute digestive symptoms. In addition, memory B cells and plasma cells specific for gluten and transglutaminase 2, rather than innate immune cells, are the preferred antigen-presenting cells for gluten in the gut. A variety of innate immune stimuli such as transient infections and local intestinal microbiome, not necessarily gluten itself, may contribute to disease initiation and transition to overt intestinal mucosal injury. Gluten-specific adaptive immunity in the gut and blood are now shown to be closely linked, and systemic cytokine release after gluten provides an additional explanation for extraintestinal manifestations of celiac disease. SUMMARY Clinical studies utilizing cytokines as new biomarkers for gluten immunity promise to improve understanding of clinical effects of gluten, accelerate therapeutics development, and augment diagnosis.
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19
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Escudero-Hernández C. Epithelial cell dysfunction in coeliac disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 358:133-164. [PMID: 33707053 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2020.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium limits host-luminal interactions and maintains gut homeostasis. Breakdown of the epithelial barrier and villous atrophy are hallmarks of coeliac disease. Besides the well characterized immune-mediated epithelial damage induced in coeliac mucosa, constitutional changes and early gluten direct effects disturb intestinal epithelial cells. The subsequent modifications in key epithelial signaling pathways leads to outnumbered immature epithelial cells that, in turn, facilitate epithelial dysfunction, promote crypt hyperplasia, and increase intestinal permeability. Consequently, underlying immune cells have a greater access to gluten, which boosts the proinflammatory immune response against gluten and positively feedback the epithelial damage loop. Gluten-free diet is an indispensable treatment for coeliac disease patients, but additional therapies are under development, including those that reinforce intestinal epithelial healing. In this chapter, we provide an overview of intestinal epithelial cell disturbances that develop during gluten intake in coeliac disease mucosa.
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20
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Dunne MR, Byrne G, Chirdo FG, Feighery C. Coeliac Disease Pathogenesis: The Uncertainties of a Well-Known Immune Mediated Disorder. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1374. [PMID: 32733456 PMCID: PMC7360848 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Coeliac disease is a common small bowel enteropathy arising in genetically predisposed individuals and caused by ingestion of gluten in the diet. Great advances have been made in understanding the role of the adaptive immune system in response to gluten peptides. Despite detailed knowledge of these adaptive immune mechanisms, the complete series of pathogenic events responsible for development of the tissue lesion remains less certain. This review contributes to the field by discussing additional mechanisms which may also contribute to pathogenesis. These include the production of cytokines such as interleukin-15 by intestinal epithelial cells and local antigen presenting cells as a pivotal event in the disease process. A subset of unconventional T cells called gamma/delta T cells are also persistently expanded in the coeliac disease (CD) small intestinal epithelium and recent analysis has shown that these cells contribute to pathogenic inflammation. Other unconventional T cell subsets may play a local immunoregulatory role and require further study. It has also been suggested that, in addition to activation of pathogenic T helper cells by gluten peptides, other peptides may directly interact with the intestinal mucosa, further contributing to the disease process. We also discuss how myofibroblasts, a major source of tissue transglutaminase and metalloproteases, may play a key role in intestinal tissue remodeling. Contribution of each of these factors to pathogenesis is discussed to enhance our view of this complex disorder and to contribute to a wider understanding of chronic immune-mediated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret R. Dunne
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Greg Byrne
- School of Biological & Health Sciences, Technological University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fernando G. Chirdo
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunologicos y Fisiopatologicos - IIFP (UNLP-CONICET), National University of La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Conleth Feighery
- Department of Immunology, Trinity College Dublin and St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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21
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Zorro MM, Aguirre-Gamboa R, Mayassi T, Ciszewski C, Barisani D, Hu S, Weersma RK, Withoff S, Li Y, Wijmenga C, Jabri B, Jonkers IH. Tissue alarmins and adaptive cytokine induce dynamic and distinct transcriptional responses in tissue-resident intraepithelial cytotoxic T lymphocytes. J Autoimmun 2020; 108:102422. [PMID: 32033836 PMCID: PMC7049906 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The respective effects of tissue alarmins interleukin (IL)-15 and interferon beta (IFNβ), and IL-21 produced by T cells on the reprogramming of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) that cause tissue destruction in celiac disease is poorly understood. Transcriptomic and epigenetic profiling of primary intestinal CTLs showed massive and distinct temporal transcriptional changes in response to tissue alarmins, while the impact of IL-21 was limited. Only anti-viral pathways were induced in response to all the three stimuli, albeit with differences in dynamics and strength. Moreover, changes in gene expression were primarily independent of changes in H3K27ac, suggesting that other regulatory mechanisms drive the robust transcriptional response. Finally, we found that IL-15/IFNβ/IL-21 transcriptional signatures could be linked to transcriptional alterations in risk loci for complex immune diseases. Together these results provide new insights into molecular mechanisms that fuel the activation of CTLs under conditions that emulate the inflammatory environment in patients with autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Magdalena Zorro
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Raul Aguirre-Gamboa
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Toufic Mayassi
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA; Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | | | | | - Shixian Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center, Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rinse K Weersma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center, Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sebo Withoff
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Computational Biology for Individualised Infection Medicine, Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover Medical School. Hannover, Germany
| | - Cisca Wijmenga
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bana Jabri
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA; Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA.
| | - Iris H Jonkers
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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