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Chawla AS, Vandereyken M, Arias M, Santiago L, Dikovskaya D, Nguyen C, Skariah N, Wenner N, Golovchenko NB, Thomson SJ, Ondari E, Garzón-Tituaña M, Anderson CJ, Bergkessel M, C D Hinton J, Edelblum KL, Pardo J, Swamy M. Distinct cell death pathways induced by granzymes collectively protect against intestinal Salmonella infection. Mucosal Immunol 2024:S1933-0219(24)00087-4. [PMID: 39137883 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2024.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Intestinal intraepithelial T lymphocytes (IEL) constitutively express high amounts of the cytotoxic proteases Granzymes (Gzm) A and B and are therefore thought to protect the intestinal epithelium against infection by killing infected epithelial cells. However, the role of IEL granzymes in a protective immune response has yet to be demonstrated. We show that GzmA and GzmB are required to protect mice against oral, but not intravenous, infection with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, consistent with an intestine-specific role. IEL-intrinsic granzymes mediate the protective effects by controlling intracellular bacterial growth and aiding in cell-intrinsic pyroptotic cell death of epithelial cells. Surprisingly, we found that both granzymes play non-redundant roles. GzmB-/- mice carried significantly lower burdens of Salmonella, as predominant GzmA-mediated cell death effectively reduced bacterial translocation across the intestinal barrier. Conversely, in GzmA-/- mice, GzmB-driven apoptosis favored luminal Salmonella growth by providing nutrients, while still reducing translocation across the epithelial barrier. Together, the concerted actions of both GzmA and GzmB balance cell death mechanisms at the intestinal epithelium to provide optimal control that Salmonella cannot subvert.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanpreet Singh Chawla
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Maud Vandereyken
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Maykel Arias
- Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Biomedical Research Centre of Aragón (CIBA), 50009, Zaragoza, and CIBER en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Llipsy Santiago
- Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Biomedical Research Centre of Aragón (CIBA), 50009, Zaragoza, and CIBER en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Dina Dikovskaya
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Chi Nguyen
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Neema Skariah
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolas Wenner
- Department of Clinical Infection Microbiology & Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary & Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Current address: Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Natasha B Golovchenko
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sarah J Thomson
- Biological Services, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Edna Ondari
- Molecular Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Marcela Garzón-Tituaña
- Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Biomedical Research Centre of Aragón (CIBA), 50009, Zaragoza, and CIBER en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Christopher J Anderson
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration & Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Megan Bergkessel
- Molecular Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Jay C D Hinton
- Department of Clinical Infection Microbiology & Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary & Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Karen L Edelblum
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Julian Pardo
- Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Biomedical Research Centre of Aragón (CIBA), 50009, Zaragoza, and CIBER en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Mahima Swamy
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom.
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Aubert A, Jung K, Hiroyasu S, Pardo J, Granville DJ. Granzyme serine proteases in inflammation and rheumatic diseases. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2024; 20:361-376. [PMID: 38689140 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-024-01109-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Granzymes (granule-secreted enzymes) are a family of serine proteases that have been viewed as redundant cytotoxic enzymes since their discovery more than 30 years ago. Predominantly produced by cytotoxic lymphocytes and natural killer cells, granzymes are delivered into the cytoplasm of target cells through immunological synapses in cooperation with the pore-forming protein perforin. After internalization, granzymes can initiate cell death through the cleavage of intracellular substrates. However, evidence now also demonstrates the existence of non-cytotoxic, pro-inflammatory, intracellular and extracellular functions that are granzyme specific. Under pathological conditions, granzymes can be produced and secreted extracellularly by immune cells as well as by non-immune cells. Depending on the granzyme, accumulation in the extracellular milieu might contribute to inflammation, tissue injury, impaired wound healing, barrier dysfunction, osteoclastogenesis and/or autoantigen generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Aubert
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Centre; British Columbia Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Group, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Karen Jung
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Centre; British Columbia Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Group, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sho Hiroyasu
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Julian Pardo
- Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Biomedical Research Centre of Aragon (CIBA); Department of Microbiology, Radiology, Paediatrics and Public Health, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - David J Granville
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Centre; British Columbia Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Group, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, Providence Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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3
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Mohamed AA, al-Ramadi BK, Fernandez-Cabezudo MJ. Interplay between Microbiota and γδ T Cells: Insights into Immune Homeostasis and Neuro-Immune Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1747. [PMID: 38339023 PMCID: PMC10855551 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract of multicellular organisms, especially mammals, harbors a symbiotic commensal microbiota with diverse microorganisms including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and other microbial and eukaryotic species. This microbiota exerts an important role on intestinal function and contributes to host health. The microbiota, while benefiting from a nourishing environment, is involved in the development, metabolism and immunity of the host, contributing to the maintenance of homeostasis in the GI tract. The immune system orchestrates the maintenance of key features of host-microbe symbiosis via a unique immunological network that populates the intestinal wall with different immune cell populations. Intestinal epithelium contains lymphocytes in the intraepithelial (IEL) space between the tight junctions and the basal membrane of the gut epithelium. IELs are mostly CD8+ T cells, with the great majority of them expressing the CD8αα homodimer, and the γδ T cell receptor (TCR) instead of the αβ TCR expressed on conventional T cells. γδ T cells play a significant role in immune surveillance and tissue maintenance. This review provides an overview of how the microbiota regulates γδ T cells and the influence of microbiota-derived metabolites on γδ T cell responses, highlighting their impact on immune homeostasis. It also discusses intestinal neuro-immune regulation and how γδ T cells possess the ability to interact with both the microbiota and brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa A. Mohamed
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Basel K. al-Ramadi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Maria J. Fernandez-Cabezudo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
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4
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II T, CHAMBERS JK, NAKASHIMA K, GOTO-KOSHINO Y, UCHIDA K. Intraepithelial lymphocytes are associated with epithelial injury in feline intestinal T-cell lymphoma. J Vet Med Sci 2024; 86:101-110. [PMID: 38072403 PMCID: PMC10849855 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Our previous study indicated that cytotoxicity of intraepithelial lymphocytes is a poor prognostic factor in feline intestinal T-cell lymphoma (FITL), but the effect of cytotoxic lymphocytes on mucosal epithelium is still unknown. Thus, we investigated the association between cytotoxic lymphocytes and mucosal epithelium in 71 cases of feline intestinal T-cell lymphoma (FITL): epithelial injury, basement membrane injury, cleaved-caspase-3 positivity of epithelial cells, and the number and Ki67 positivity of intraepithelial lymphocytes in granzyme B (GRB)+ and GRB- FITLs were evaluated. Epithelial injury score and the number of intraepithelial lymphocytes in granzyme B (GRB)+ FITL were significantly higher than those of GRB- FITL (P<0.05, P<0.05), but no significant differences were found in the basement membrane injury score, the percentage of cleaved-caspase-3+ epithelial cells, and the percentage of Ki67+ intraepithelial lymphocytes. There was a significant correlation between the epithelial injury score and the number of intraepithelial lymphocytes (P<0.05), but no significant correlation was observed between the epithelial injury score and Ki67+ percentage of intraepithelial lymphocytes. Because epithelial cell cleaved-caspase-3 positivity was observed in FITL, regardless of GRB expression in lymphocytes, GRB-mediated apoptosis may not contribute to epithelial injury in FITL. The association between increased number of intraepithelial lymphocytes and epithelial injury suggests that intraepithelial lymphocytes infiltration may contribute to epithelial injury in FITL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhito II
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - James K CHAMBERS
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ko NAKASHIMA
- Japan Small Animal Medical Center (JSAMC), Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yuko GOTO-KOSHINO
- Veterinary Medical Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki UCHIDA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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5
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Wang Y, Li Q, Zhang J, Liu P, Zheng H, Chen L, Wang Z, Tan C, Zhang M, Zhang H, Miao W, Wang Y, Xuan X, Yi G, Wang P. Ring1a protects against colitis through regulating mucosal immune system and colonic microbial ecology. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2251646. [PMID: 37655448 PMCID: PMC10478745 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2251646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) represents a prominent chronic immune-mediated inflammatory disorder, yet its etiology remains poorly comprehended, encompassing intricate interactions between genetics, immunity, and the gut microbiome. This study uncovers a novel colitis-associated risk gene, namely Ring1a, which regulates the mucosal immune response and intestinal microbiota. Ring1a deficiency exacerbates colitis by impairing the immune system. Concomitantly, Ring1a deficiency led to a Prevotella genus-dominated pathogenic microenvironment, which can be horizontally transmitted to co-housed wild type (WT) mice, consequently intensifying dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. Furthermore, we identified a potential mechanism linking the altered microbiota in Ring1aKO mice to decreased levels of IgA, and we demonstrated that metronidazole administration could ameliorate colitis progression in Ring1aKO mice, likely by reducing the abundance of the Prevotella genus. We also elucidated the immune landscape of DSS colitis and revealed the disruption of intestinal immune homeostasis associated with Ring1a deficiency. Collectively, these findings highlight Ring1a as a prospective candidate risk gene for colitis and suggest metronidazole as a potential therapeutic option for clinically managing Prevotella genus-dominated colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashu Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Infection, Inflammation and Immunity Center, the Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qianru Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Infection, Inflammation and Immunity Center, the Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- Lab of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Pingping Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Infection, Inflammation and Immunity Center, the Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huaixin Zheng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Infection, Inflammation and Immunity Center, the Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Chen
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics of MARA, Kunpeng Institute of Modern Agriculture at Foshan, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics of MARA, Kunpeng Institute of Modern Agriculture at Foshan, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chen Tan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Infection, Inflammation and Immunity Center, the Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Infection, Inflammation and Immunity Center, the Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Infection, Inflammation and Immunity Center, the Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenqing Miao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Infection, Inflammation and Immunity Center, the Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuke Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Infection, Inflammation and Immunity Center, the Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Xuan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Infection, Inflammation and Immunity Center, the Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guoqiang Yi
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics of MARA, Kunpeng Institute of Modern Agriculture at Foshan, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Infection, Inflammation and Immunity Center, the Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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6
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Hu Y, Hu Q, Li Y, Lu L, Xiang Z, Yin Z, Kabelitz D, Wu Y. γδ T cells: origin and fate, subsets, diseases and immunotherapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:434. [PMID: 37989744 PMCID: PMC10663641 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01653-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The intricacy of diseases, shaped by intrinsic processes like immune system exhaustion and hyperactivation, highlights the potential of immune renormalization as a promising strategy in disease treatment. In recent years, our primary focus has centered on γδ T cell-based immunotherapy, particularly pioneering the use of allogeneic Vδ2+ γδ T cells for treating late-stage solid tumors and tuberculosis patients. However, we recognize untapped potential and optimization opportunities to fully harness γδ T cell effector functions in immunotherapy. This review aims to thoroughly examine γδ T cell immunology and its role in diseases. Initially, we elucidate functional differences between γδ T cells and their αβ T cell counterparts. We also provide an overview of major milestones in γδ T cell research since their discovery in 1984. Furthermore, we delve into the intricate biological processes governing their origin, development, fate decisions, and T cell receptor (TCR) rearrangement within the thymus. By examining the mechanisms underlying the anti-tumor functions of distinct γδ T cell subtypes based on γδTCR structure or cytokine release, we emphasize the importance of accurate subtyping in understanding γδ T cell function. We also explore the microenvironment-dependent functions of γδ T cell subsets, particularly in infectious diseases, autoimmune conditions, hematological malignancies, and solid tumors. Finally, we propose future strategies for utilizing allogeneic γδ T cells in tumor immunotherapy. Through this comprehensive review, we aim to provide readers with a holistic understanding of the molecular fundamentals and translational research frontiers of γδ T cells, ultimately contributing to further advancements in harnessing the therapeutic potential of γδ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hu
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Qinglin Hu
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumour Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519000, China
| | - Yongsheng Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Ligong Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumour Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519000, China
| | - Zheng Xiang
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Zhinan Yin
- Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China.
| | - Dieter Kabelitz
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Yangzhe Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumour Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519000, China.
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7
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Yakou MH, Ghilas S, Tran K, Liao Y, Afshar-Sterle S, Kumari A, Schmid K, Dijkstra C, Inguanti C, Ostrouska S, Wilcox J, Smith M, Parathan P, Allam A, Xue HH, Belz GT, Mariadason JM, Behren A, Drummond GR, Ruscher R, Williams DS, Pal B, Shi W, Ernst M, Raghu D, Mielke LA. TCF-1 limits intraepithelial lymphocyte antitumor immunity in colorectal carcinoma. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eadf2163. [PMID: 37801516 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adf2163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs), including αβ and γδ T cells (T-IELs), constantly survey and play a critical role in maintaining the gastrointestinal epithelium. We show that cytotoxic molecules important for defense against cancer were highly expressed by T-IELs in the small intestine. In contrast, abundance of colonic T-IELs was dependent on the microbiome and displayed higher expression of TCF-1/TCF7 and a reduced effector and cytotoxic profile, including low expression of granzymes. Targeted deletion of TCF-1 in γδ T-IELs induced a distinct effector profile and reduced colon tumor formation in mice. In addition, TCF-1 expression was significantly reduced in γδ T-IELs present in human colorectal cancers (CRCs) compared with normal healthy colon, which strongly correlated with an enhanced γδ T-IEL effector phenotype and improved patient survival. Our work identifies TCF-1 as a colon-specific T-IEL transcriptional regulator that could inform new immunotherapy strategies to treat CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina H Yakou
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Sonia Ghilas
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Kelly Tran
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Yang Liao
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Shoukat Afshar-Sterle
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Anita Kumari
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Kevin Schmid
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Christine Dijkstra
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Chantelle Inguanti
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Simone Ostrouska
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Jordan Wilcox
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Maxine Smith
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Pavitha Parathan
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Amr Allam
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Hai-Hui Xue
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack University Medical Center, Nutley, NJ, USA
- New Jersey Veterans Affairs Health Care System, East Orange, NJ, USA
| | - Gabrielle T Belz
- University of Queensland Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - John M Mariadason
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Andreas Behren
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Grant R Drummond
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research; Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology; and School of Agriculture, Biomedicine, and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Roland Ruscher
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - David S Williams
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bhupinder Pal
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Wei Shi
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Matthias Ernst
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Dinesh Raghu
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Lisa A Mielke
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
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8
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Sandoz PA, Kuhnigk K, Szabo EK, Thunberg S, Erikson E, Sandström N, Verron Q, Brech A, Watzl C, Wagner AK, Alici E, Malmberg KJ, Uhlin M, Önfelt B. Modulation of lytic molecules restrain serial killing in γδ T lymphocytes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6035. [PMID: 37758698 PMCID: PMC10533871 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41634-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
γδ T cells play a pivotal role in protection against various types of infections and tumours, from early childhood on and throughout life. They consist of several subsets characterised by adaptive and innate-like functions, with Vγ9Vδ2 being the largest subset in human peripheral blood. Although these cells show signs of cytotoxicity, their modus operandi remains poorly understood. Here we explore, using live single-cell imaging, the cytotoxic functions of γδ T cells upon interactions with tumour target cells with high temporal and spatial resolution. While γδ T cell killing is dominated by degranulation, the availability of lytic molecules appears tightly regulated in time and space. In particular, the limited co-occurrence of granzyme B and perforin restrains serial killing of tumour cells by γδ T cells. Thus, our data provide new insights into the cytotoxic arsenal and functions of γδ T cells, which may guide the development of more efficient γδ T cell based adoptive immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A Sandoz
- Department of Applied Physics, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Kyra Kuhnigk
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Edina K Szabo
- Precision Immunotherapy Alliance, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sarah Thunberg
- Department of Applied Physics, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elina Erikson
- Department of Applied Physics, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niklas Sandström
- Department of Applied Physics, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Quentin Verron
- Department of Applied Physics, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Brech
- Cancell, Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Department for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Carsten Watzl
- Department for Immunology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, TU Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Arnika K Wagner
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Evren Alici
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karl-Johan Malmberg
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Precision Immunotherapy Alliance, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Michael Uhlin
- CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Björn Önfelt
- Department of Applied Physics, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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9
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Lujan RA, Pei L, Shannon JP, Dábilla N, Dolan PT, Hickman HD. Widespread and dynamic expression of granzyme C by skin-resident antiviral T cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1236595. [PMID: 37809077 PMCID: PMC10552530 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1236595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
After recognition of cognate antigen (Ag), effector CD8+ T cells secrete serine proteases called granzymes in conjunction with perforin, allowing granzymes to enter and kill target cells. While the roles for some granzymes during antiviral immune responses are well characterized, the function of others, such as granzyme C and its human ortholog granzyme H, is still unclear. Granzyme C is constitutively expressed by mature, cytolytic innate lymphoid 1 cells (ILC1s). Whether other antiviral effector cells also produce granzyme C and whether it is continually expressed or responsive to the environment is unknown. To explore this, we analyzed granzyme C expression in different murine skin-resident antiviral lymphocytes. At steady-state, dendritic epidermal T cells (DETCs) expressed granzyme C while dermal γδ T cells did not. CD8+ tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) generated in response to cutaneous viral infection with the poxvirus vaccinia virus (VACV) also expressed granzyme C. Both DETCs and virus-specific CD8+ TRM upregulated granzyme C upon local VACV infection. Continual Ag exposure was not required for maintained TRM expression of granzyme C, although re-encounter with cognate Ag boosted expression. Additionally, IL-15 treatment increased granzyme C expression in both DETCs and TRM. Together, our data demonstrate that granzyme C is widely expressed by antiviral T cells in the skin and that expression is responsive to both environmental stimuli and TCR engagement. These data suggest that granzyme C may have functions other than killing in tissue-resident lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon A. Lujan
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
- School of Nursing, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Luxin Pei
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - John P. Shannon
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Nathânia Dábilla
- Quantitative Virology and Evolution Unit, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Patrick T. Dolan
- Quantitative Virology and Evolution Unit, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Heather D. Hickman
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
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10
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Hada A, Li L, Kandel A, Jin Y, Xiao Z. Characterization of Bovine Intraepithelial T Lymphocytes in the Gut. Pathogens 2023; 12:1173. [PMID: 37764981 PMCID: PMC10535955 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12091173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Intraepithelial T lymphocytes (T-IELs), which constitute over 50% of the total T lymphocytes in the animal, patrol the mucosal epithelial lining to defend against pathogen invasion while maintaining gut homeostasis. In addition to expressing T cell markers such as CD4 and CD8, T-IELs display T cell receptors (TCR), including either TCRαβ or TCRγδ. Both humans and mice share similar T-IEL subsets: TCRγδ+, TCRαβ+CD8αα+, TCRαβ+CD4+, and TCRαβ+CD8αβ+. Among these subsets, human T-IELs are predominantly TCRαβ+ (over 80%), whereas those in mice are mostly TCRγδ+ (~60%). Of note, the majority of the TCRγδ+ subset expresses CD8αα in both species. Although T-IELs have been extensively studied in humans and mice, their profiles in cattle have not been well examined. Our study is the first to characterize bovine T-IELs using flow cytometry, where we identified several distinct features. The percentage of TCRγδ+ was comparable to that of TCRαβ+ T-IELs (both ~50% of CD3+), and the majority of bovine TCRγδ+ T-IELs did not express CD8 (CD8-) (above 60%). Furthermore, about 20% of TCRαβ+ T-IELs were CD4+CD8αβ+, and the remaining TCRαβ+ T-IELs were evenly distributed between CD4+ and CD8αβ+ (~40% of TCRαβ+ T-IELs each) with no TCRαβ+CD8αα+ identified. Despite these unique properties, bovine T-IELs, similar to those in humans and mice, expressed a high level of CD69, an activation and tissue-retention marker, and a low level of CD62L, a lymphoid adhesion marker. Moreover, bovine T-IELs produced low levels of inflammatory cytokines such as IFNγ and IL17A, and secreted small amounts of the immune regulatory cytokine TGFβ1. Hence, bovine T-IELs' composition largely differs from that of human and mouse, with the dominance of the CD8- population among TCRγδ+ T-IELs, the substantial presence of TCRαβ+CD4+CD8αβ+ cells, and the absence of TCRαβ+CD8αα+ T-IELs. These results provide the groundwork for conducting future studies to examine how bovine T-IELs respond to intestinal pathogens and maintain the integrity of the gut epithelial barrier in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Zhengguo Xiao
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; (A.H.); (L.L.); (A.K.); (Y.J.)
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11
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Alonso S, Edelblum K. Metabolic regulation of γδ intraepithelial lymphocytes. DISCOVERY IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 2:kyad011. [PMID: 38179241 PMCID: PMC10766425 DOI: 10.1093/discim/kyad011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Elucidating the relationship between cellular metabolism and T cell function has substantially advanced our understanding of how T cells are regulated in response to activation. The metabolic profiles of circulating or peripheral T cells have been well-described, yet less is known regarding how complex local microenvironments shape or modulate the bioenergetic profile of tissue-resident T lymphocytes. Intraepithelial lymphocytes expressing the γδ T cell receptor (γδ IEL) provide immunosurveillance of the intestinal epithelium to limit tissue injury and microbial invasion; however, their activation and effector responses occur independently of antigen recognition. In this review, we will summarize the current knowledge regarding γδ T cell and IEL metabolic profiles and how this informs our understanding of γδ IEL metabolism. We will also discuss the role of the gut microbiota in shaping the metabolic profile of these sentinel lymphocytes, and in turn, how these bioenergetics contribute to regulation of γδ IEL surveillance behavior and effector function. Improved understanding of the metabolic processes involved in γδ IEL homeostasis and function may yield novel strategies to amplify the protective functions of these cells in the context of intestinal health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Alonso
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Karen Edelblum
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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12
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Jha D, Al-Taie Z, Krek A, Eshghi ST, Fantou A, Laurent T, Tankelevich M, Cao X, Meringer H, Livanos AE, Tokuyama M, Cossarini F, Bourreille A, Josien R, Hou R, Canales-Herrerias P, Ungaro RC, Kayal M, Marion J, Polydorides AD, Ko HM, D’souza D, Merand R, Kim-Schulze S, Hackney JA, Nguyen A, McBride JM, Yuan GC, Colombel JF, Martin JC, Argmann C, Suárez-Fariñas M, Petralia F, Mehandru S. Myeloid cell influx into the colonic epithelium is associated with disease severity and non-response to anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor Therapy in patients with Ulcerative Colitis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.02.542863. [PMID: 37333091 PMCID: PMC10274630 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.02.542863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an idiopathic chronic inflammatory disease of the colon with sharply rising global prevalence. Dysfunctional epithelial compartment (EC) dynamics are implicated in UC pathogenesis although EC-specific studies are sparse. Applying orthogonal high-dimensional EC profiling to a Primary Cohort (PC; n=222), we detail major epithelial and immune cell perturbations in active UC. Prominently, reduced frequencies of mature BEST4+OTOP2+ absorptive and BEST2+WFDC2+ secretory epithelial enterocytes were associated with the replacement of homeostatic, resident TRDC+KLRD1+HOPX+ γδ+ T cells with RORA+CCL20+S100A4+ TH17 cells and the influx of inflammatory myeloid cells. The EC transcriptome (exemplified by S100A8, HIF1A, TREM1, CXCR1) correlated with clinical, endoscopic, and histological severity of UC in an independent validation cohort (n=649). Furthermore, therapeutic relevance of the observed cellular and transcriptomic changes was investigated in 3 additional published UC cohorts (n=23, 48 and 204 respectively) to reveal that non-response to anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor (anti-TNF) therapy was associated with EC related myeloid cell perturbations. Altogether, these data provide high resolution mapping of the EC to facilitate therapeutic decision-making and personalization of therapy in patients with UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Jha
- Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Precision Institute of Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zainab Al-Taie
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Azra Krek
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shadi Toghi Eshghi
- Biomarker Discovery, OMNI, Genentech Inc. South SanFrancisco, CA, USA
- OMNI Biomarker Development, Genentech Inc. South SanFrancisco, CA, USA
| | - Aurelie Fantou
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, CHU Nantes, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Thomas Laurent
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, CHU Nantes, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Michael Tankelevich
- Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Precision Institute of Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xuan Cao
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hadar Meringer
- Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Precision Institute of Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexandra E Livanos
- Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Precision Institute of Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Minami Tokuyama
- Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Precision Institute of Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Francesca Cossarini
- Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Precision Institute of Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Arnaud Bourreille
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, CHU Nantes, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Regis Josien
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, CHU Nantes, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Ruixue Hou
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Pablo Canales-Herrerias
- Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Precision Institute of Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ryan C. Ungaro
- Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maia Kayal
- Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - James Marion
- Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Huaibin M. Ko
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center-New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Darwin D’souza
- Human Immune Monitoring Core, Precision Institute of Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Raphael Merand
- Human Immune Monitoring Core, Precision Institute of Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Seunghee Kim-Schulze
- Human Immune Monitoring Core, Precision Institute of Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jason A. Hackney
- Biomarker Discovery, OMNI, Genentech Inc. South SanFrancisco, CA, USA
- OMNI Biomarker Development, Genentech Inc. South SanFrancisco, CA, USA
| | - Allen Nguyen
- Biomarker Discovery, OMNI, Genentech Inc. South SanFrancisco, CA, USA
- OMNI Biomarker Development, Genentech Inc. South SanFrancisco, CA, USA
| | - Jacqueline M. McBride
- Biomarker Discovery, OMNI, Genentech Inc. South SanFrancisco, CA, USA
- OMNI Biomarker Development, Genentech Inc. South SanFrancisco, CA, USA
| | - Guo-Cheng Yuan
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jean Frederic Colombel
- Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jerome C. Martin
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, CHU Nantes, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Carmen Argmann
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Mayte Suárez-Fariñas
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Francesca Petralia
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Saurabh Mehandru
- Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Precision Institute of Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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13
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Chen K, Luo H, Li Y, Han X, Gao C, Wang N, Lu F, Wang H. Lactobacillus paracasei TK1501 fermented soybeans alleviate dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis by regulating intestinal cell function. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023. [PMID: 37031963 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Probiotic food provide health benefits by regulating intestinal floras via live bacteria, but the shelf life is short and the preservation condition is demanding due to the bacteria being fragile. Owing to these problems, we have tried to find a fermented food that is helpful for inflammatory bowel disease treatment but independent of live bacteria. In addition, the mechanisms of fermented food were investigated. Dextran sulfate sodium was used to model inflammatory bowel disease in mice, and Lactobacillus paracasei TK1501 fermented soybeans and their metabolites were used to treat inflammatory bowel disease. RESULTS In this study, TK1501 fermented soybean alleviated colitis. However, the efficacy was associated with bacterial metabolites but not live or dead bacteria. Compositional analysis of soybean before and after fermentation shows that soy carbohydrates were used for bacteria growth and produced functional substances. Further, we display the main active ingredient was lipoteichoic acid and peptidoglycan, because lipoteichoic acid reduced the colonic macrophage and peptidoglycan may increase the mucin-2 expression. A cell experiment displayed that lipoteichoic acid could enhance the phagocytosis of macrophages. CONCLUSION In general, TK1501 fermented soybean alleviating colitis is dependent on metabolites of TK1501, particularly lipoteichoic acid and peptidoglycan. The fermented food may have a long shelf life and lax storage condition. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Honglian Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yaqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuemei Han
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
- Research and Development Department, Tianjin InnoOrigin Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Congcong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Ningyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Fuping Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Haikuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
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14
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Honda M, Kadohisa M, Yoshii D, Komohara Y, Hibi T. Intravital imaging of immune responses in intestinal inflammation. Inflamm Regen 2023; 43:9. [PMID: 36737792 PMCID: PMC9896837 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-023-00262-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, many kinds of immune cells have been identified, but their precise roles in intestinal immunity remain unclear. Understanding the in vivo behavior of these immune cells and their function in gastrointestinal inflammation, including colitis, inflammatory bowel disease, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and neutrophil extracellular traps, is critical for gastrointestinal research to proceed to the next step. Additionally, understanding the immune responses involved in gastrointestinal tumors and tissue repair is becoming increasingly important for the elucidation of disease mechanisms that have been unknown. In recent years, the application of intravital microscopy in gastrointestinal research has provided novel insights into the mechanisms of intestine-specific events including innate and adaptive immunities. In this review, we focus on the emerging role of intravital imaging in gastrointestinal research and describe how to observe the intestines and immune cells using intravital microscopy. Additionally, we outline novel findings obtained by this new technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Honda
- grid.274841.c0000 0001 0660 6749Department of Pediatric Surgery and Transplantation, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556 Japan
| | - Masashi Kadohisa
- grid.274841.c0000 0001 0660 6749Department of Pediatric Surgery and Transplantation, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556 Japan
| | - Daiki Yoshii
- grid.411152.20000 0004 0407 1295Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Komohara
- grid.274841.c0000 0001 0660 6749Department of Cell Pathology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Taizo Hibi
- grid.274841.c0000 0001 0660 6749Department of Pediatric Surgery and Transplantation, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556 Japan
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15
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Martínez-Vargas IU, Sánchez-Bello ME, Miguel-Rodríguez CE, Hernández-Cázares F, Santos-Argumedo L, Talamás-Rohana P. Myo1f has an essential role in γδT intraepithelial lymphocyte adhesion and migration. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1041079. [PMID: 37207213 PMCID: PMC10189005 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1041079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
γδT intraepithelial lymphocyte represents up to 60% of the small intestine intraepithelial compartment. They are highly migrating cells and constantly interact with the epithelial cell layer and lamina propria cells. This migratory phenotype is related to the homeostasis of the small intestine, the control of bacterial and parasitic infections, and the epithelial shedding induced by LPS. Here, we demonstrate that Myo1f participates in the adhesion and migration of intraepithelial lymphocytes. Using long-tailed class I myosins KO mice, we identified the requirement of Myo1f for their migration to the small intestine intraepithelial compartment. The absence of Myo1f affects intraepithelial lymphocytes' homing due to reduced CCR9 and α4β7 surface expression. In vitro, we confirm that adhesion to integrin ligands and CCL25-dependent and independent migration of intraepithelial lymphocytes are Myo1f-dependent. Mechanistically, Myo1f deficiency prevents correct chemokine receptor and integrin polarization, leading to reduced tyrosine phosphorylation which could impact in signal transduction. Overall, we demonstrate that Myo1f has an essential role in the adhesion and migration in γδT intraepithelial lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irving Ulises Martínez-Vargas
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Maria Elena Sánchez-Bello
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Emilio Miguel-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Felipe Hernández-Cázares
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Leopoldo Santos-Argumedo
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Leopoldo Santos-Argumedo, ; Patricia Talamás-Rohana,
| | - Patricia Talamás-Rohana
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Leopoldo Santos-Argumedo, ; Patricia Talamás-Rohana,
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16
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Wiarda JE, Loving CL. Intraepithelial lymphocytes in the pig intestine: T cell and innate lymphoid cell contributions to intestinal barrier immunity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1048708. [PMID: 36569897 PMCID: PMC9772029 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1048708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) include T cells and innate lymphoid cells that are important mediators of intestinal immunity and barrier defense, yet most knowledge of IELs is derived from the study of humans and rodent models. Pigs are an important global food source and promising biomedical model, yet relatively little is known about IELs in the porcine intestine, especially during formative ages of intestinal development. Due to the biological significance of IELs, global importance of pig health, and potential of early life events to influence IELs, we collate current knowledge of porcine IEL functional and phenotypic maturation in the context of the developing intestinal tract and outline areas where further research is needed. Based on available findings, we formulate probable implications of IELs on intestinal and overall health outcomes and highlight key findings in relation to human IELs to emphasize potential applicability of pigs as a biomedical model for intestinal IEL research. Review of current literature suggests the study of porcine intestinal IELs as an exciting research frontier with dual application for betterment of animal and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayne E. Wiarda
- Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States,Immunobiology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States,Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Crystal L. Loving
- Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States,Immunobiology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States,*Correspondence: Crystal L. Loving,
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17
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Gui Y, Cheng H, Zhou J, Xu H, Han J, Zhang D. Development and function of natural TCR + CD8αα + intraepithelial lymphocytes. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1059042. [PMID: 36569835 PMCID: PMC9768216 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1059042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The complexity of intestinal homeostasis results from the ability of the intestinal epithelium to absorb nutrients, harbor multiple external and internal antigens, and accommodate diverse immune cells. Intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) are a unique cell population embedded within the intestinal epithelial layer, contributing to the formation of the mucosal epithelial barrier and serving as a first-line defense against microbial invasion. TCRαβ+ CD4- CD8αα+ CD8αβ- and TCRγδ+ CD4- CD8αα+ CD8αβ- IELs are the two predominant subsets of natural IELs. These cells play an essential role in various intestinal diseases, such as infections and inflammatory diseases, and act as immune regulators in the gut. However, their developmental and functional patterns are extremely distinct, and the mechanisms underlying their development and migration to the intestine are not fully understood. One example is that Bcl-2 promotes the survival of thymic precursors of IELs. Mature TCRαβ+ CD4- CD8αα+ CD8αβ- IELs seem to be involved in immune regulation, while TCRγδ+ CD4- CD8αα+ CD8αβ- IELs might be involved in immune surveillance by promoting homeostasis of host microbiota, protecting and restoring the integrity of mucosal epithelium, inhibiting microbiota invasion, and limiting excessive inflammation. In this review, we elucidated and organized effectively the functions and development of these cells to guide future studies in this field. We also discussed key scientific questions that need to be addressed in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Gui
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingyang Zhou
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiajia Han
- Precision Research Center for Refractory Diseases, Institute for Clinical Research, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University of Medicine, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Jiajia Han, ; Dunfang Zhang,
| | - Dunfang Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Jiajia Han, ; Dunfang Zhang,
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18
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Røyset ES, Sahlin Pettersen HP, Xu W, Larbi A, Sandvik AK, Steigen SE, Catalan‐Serra I, Bakke I. Deep learning-based image analysis reveals significant differences in the number and distribution of mucosal CD3 and γδ T cells between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. J Pathol Clin Res 2022; 9:18-31. [PMID: 36416283 PMCID: PMC9732684 DOI: 10.1002/cjp2.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Colon mucosae of ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) display differences in the number and distribution of immune cells that are difficult to assess by eye. Deep learning-based analysis on whole slide images (WSIs) allows extraction of complex quantitative data that can be used to uncover different inflammatory patterns. We aimed to explore the distribution of CD3 and γδ T cells in colon mucosal compartments in histologically inactive and active inflammatory bowel disease. By deep learning-based segmentation and cell detection on WSIs from a well-defined cohort of CD (n = 37), UC (n = 58), and healthy controls (HCs, n = 33), we quantified CD3 and γδ T cells within and beneath the epithelium and in lamina propria in proximal and distal colon mucosa, defined by the Nancy histological index. We found that inactive CD had significantly fewer intraepithelial γδ T cells than inactive UC, but higher total number of CD3 cells in all compartments than UC and HCs. Disease activity was associated with a massive loss of intraepithelial γδ T cells in UC, but not in CD. The total intraepithelial number of CD3 cells remained constant regardless of disease activity in both CD and UC. There were more mucosal CD3 and γδ T cells in proximal versus distal colon. Oral corticosteroids had an impact on γδ T cell numbers, while age, gender, and disease duration did not. Relative abundance of γδ T cells in mucosa and blood did not correlate. This study reveals significant differences in the total number of CD3 and γδ T cells in particularly the epithelial area between CD, UC, and HCs, and demonstrates useful application of deep segmentation to quantify cells in mucosal compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Synnøve Røyset
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (MH)NTNU – Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway,Department of Pathology, St. Olav's HospitalTrondheim University HospitalTrondheimNorway,Clinic of Laboratory Medicine, St. Olav's HospitalTrondheim University HospitalTrondheimNorway
| | - Henrik P Sahlin Pettersen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (MH)NTNU – Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway,Department of Pathology, St. Olav's HospitalTrondheim University HospitalTrondheimNorway
| | - Weili Xu
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN)Agency for Science Technology and Research, BiopolisSingapore
| | - Anis Larbi
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN)Agency for Science Technology and Research, BiopolisSingapore
| | - Arne K Sandvik
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (MH)NTNU – Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olav's HospitalTrondheim University HospitalTrondheimNorway,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR)NTNUTrondheimNorway
| | - Sonja E Steigen
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health SciencesUiT The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway,Department of Clinical PathologyUniversity Hospital of North NorwayTromsøNorway
| | - Ignacio Catalan‐Serra
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (MH)NTNU – Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR)NTNUTrondheimNorway,Department of Medicine, GastroenterologyLevanger Hospital, Nord‐Trøndelag Hospital TrustLevangerNorway
| | - Ingunn Bakke
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (MH)NTNU – Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway,Clinic of Laboratory Medicine, St. Olav's HospitalTrondheim University HospitalTrondheimNorway
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19
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Aubert A, Lane M, Jung K, Granville DJ. Granzyme B as a therapeutic target: an update in 2022. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2022; 26:979-993. [PMID: 36542784 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2022.2161890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Granzyme B is a serine protease extensively studied for its implication in cytotoxic lymphocyte-mediated apoptosis. In recent years, the paradigm that the role of granzyme B is restricted to immune cell-mediated killing has been challenged as extracellular roles for the protease have emerged. While mostly absent from healthy tissues, granzyme B levels are elevated in several autoimmune and/or chronic inflammatory conditions. In the skin, its accumulation significantly impairs proper wound healing. AREAS COVERED After an overview of the current knowledge on granzyme B, a description of newly identified functions will be presented, focussing on granzyme B ability to promote cell-cell and dermal-epidermal junction disruption, extracellular matrix degradation, vascular permeabilization, and epithelial barrier dysfunction. Progress in granzyme B inhibition, as well as the use of granzyme B inhibitors for the treatment of tissue damage, will be discussed. EXPERT OPINION The absence of endogenous extracellular inhibitors renders extracellular granzyme B accumulation deleterious for the proper healing of chronic wounds due to sustained proteolytic activity. Consequently, specific granzyme B inhibitors have been developed as new therapeutic approaches. Beyond applications in wound healing, other autoimmune and/or chronic inflammatory conditions related to exacerbated granzyme B activity may also benefit from the development of these inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Aubert
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,British Columbia Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Group, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michael Lane
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,British Columbia Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Group, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Karen Jung
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,British Columbia Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Group, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - David J Granville
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,British Columbia Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Group, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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20
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Richardson KC, Jung K, Pardo J, Turner CT, Granville DJ. Noncytotoxic Roles of Granzymes in Health and Disease. Physiology (Bethesda) 2022; 37:323-348. [PMID: 35820180 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00011.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Granzymes are serine proteases previously believed to play exclusive and somewhat redundant roles in lymphocyte-mediated target cell death. However, recent studies have challenged this paradigm. Distinct substrate profiles and functions have since emerged for each granzyme while their dysregulated proteolytic activities have been linked to diverse pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katlyn C Richardson
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), British Columbia Professional Firefighters' Wound Healing Laboratory, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Karen Jung
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), British Columbia Professional Firefighters' Wound Healing Laboratory, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Julian Pardo
- Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Biomedical Research Centre of Aragon (CIBA), Zaragoza, Spain.,Department of Microbiology, Radiology, Pediatrics and Public Health, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Christopher T Turner
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - David J Granville
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), British Columbia Professional Firefighters' Wound Healing Laboratory, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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21
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Xu W, Bergsbaken T, Edelblum KL. The multifunctional nature of CD103 (αEβ7 integrin) signaling in tissue-resident lymphocytes. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C1161-C1167. [PMID: 36036450 PMCID: PMC9576162 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00338.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal tissue-resident lymphocytes are critical for maintenance of the mucosal barrier and to prevent enteric infections. The activation of these lymphocytes must be tightly regulated to prevent aberrant inflammation and epithelial damage observed in autoimmune diseases, yet also ensure that antimicrobial host defense remains uncompromised. Tissue-resident lymphocytes express CD103, or αE integrin, which dimerizes with the β7 subunit to bind to E-cadherin expressed on epithelial cells. Although the role of CD103 in homing and retention of lymphocytes to and within peripheral tissues has been well characterized, the molecular signals activated following CD103 engagement remain understudied. Here, we highlight recent studies that elucidate the functional contribution of CD103 in various lymphocyte subpopulations, either as an independent signaling molecule or in the context of TCR co-stimulation. Finally, we will discuss the gaps in our understanding of CD103 biology and the therapeutic potential of targeting CD103 on tissue-resident lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Xu
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Tessa Bergsbaken
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Karen L Edelblum
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
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22
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Dubchak E, Obasanmi G, Zeglinski MR, Granville DJ, Yeung SN, Matsubara JA. Potential role of extracellular granzyme B in wet age-related macular degeneration and fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:980742. [PMID: 36204224 PMCID: PMC9531149 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.980742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related ocular diseases are the leading cause of blindness in developed countries and constitute a sizable socioeconomic burden worldwide. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) are some of the most common age-related diseases of the retina and cornea, respectively. AMD is characterized by a breakdown of the retinal pigment epithelial monolayer, which maintains retinal homeostasis, leading to retinal degeneration, while FECD is characterized by degeneration of the corneal endothelial monolayer, which maintains corneal hydration status, leading to corneal edema. Both AMD and FECD pathogenesis are characterized by disorganized local extracellular matrix (ECM) and toxic protein deposits, with both processes linked to aberrant protease activity. Granzyme B (GrB) is a serine protease traditionally known for immune-mediated initiation of apoptosis; however, it is now recognized that GrB is expressed by a variety of immune and non-immune cells and aberrant extracellular localization of GrB substantially contributes to various age-related pathologies through dysregulated cleavage of ECM, tight junction, and adherens junction proteins. Despite growing recognition of GrB involvement in multiple age-related pathologies, its role in AMD and FECD remains poorly understood. This review summarizes the pathophysiology of, and similarities between AMD and FECD, outlines the current knowledge of the role of GrB in AMD and FECD, as well as hypothesizes putative contributions of GrB to AMD and FECD pathogenesis and highlights the therapeutic potential of pharmacologically inhibiting GrB as an adjunctive treatment for AMD and FECD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eden Dubchak
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Gideon Obasanmi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Matthew R. Zeglinski
- ICORD Centre and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - David J. Granville
- ICORD Centre and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sonia N. Yeung
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Joanne A. Matsubara
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Joanne A. Matsubara,
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23
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Fischer M, Edelblum KL. Intravital Microscopy to Visualize Murine Small Intestinal Intraepithelial Lymphocyte Migration. Curr Protoc 2022; 2:e516. [PMID: 35926140 PMCID: PMC9373685 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) are critical sentinels involved in host defense and maintenance of the intestinal mucosal barrier. IELs expressing the γδ T-cell receptor provide continuous surveillance of the villous epithelium by migrating along the basement membrane and into the lateral intercellular space between adjacent enterocytes. Intravital imaging has furthered our understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which IELs navigate the epithelial compartment and interact with neighboring enterocytes at steady state and in response to infectious or inflammatory stimuli. Further, evaluating IEL migratory behavior can provide additional insight into the nature and extent of cellular interactions within the intestinal mucosa. Three protocols describe methodology to visualize small intestinal IEL motility in real time using fluorescent reporter-transgenic mice and/or fluorophore-conjugated primary antibodies and spinning-disk confocal microscopy. Using Imaris image analysis software, a fourth protocol provides a framework to analyze IEL migration and quantify lymphocyte/epithelial interactions. Together, these protocols for intravital imaging and subsequent analyses provide the basis for elucidating the spatiotemporal dynamics of mucosal immune cells and interactions with neighboring enterocytes under physiological or pathophysiological conditions. © 2022 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Mouse preparation and laparotomy Support Protocol: Antibody labeling of cell surface markers Basic Protocol 2: Image acquisition by spinning-disk confocal microscopy Basic Protocol 3: 4D analysis of images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Fischer
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 205 S Orange Ave, Cancer Center G1228, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Karen L. Edelblum
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 205 S Orange Ave, Cancer Center G1228, Newark, NJ 07103
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24
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Iwanaga T, Takahashi-Iwanaga H. Disposal of intestinal apoptotic epithelial cells and their fate via divergent routes. Biomed Res 2022; 43:59-72. [PMID: 35718446 DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.43.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Gut epithelial cells are characterized by rapid, constant cell renewal. The disposal of aging epithelial cells around the villus tips of the small intestine occurs so regularly that it has been regarded as a consequence of well-controlled cell death, designated as apoptosis. However, the notion of live cell extrusion in the intestine has been intensively built among researchers, and the disposal processes of effete epithelial cells display species and regional differences. Chemical mediators and mechanical forces rising from surrounding cells contribute to the regulated cell replacement. Cytotoxic intraepithelial lymphocytes and lamina propria macrophages play a leading role in the selection of disposal cells and their extrusion to maintain fully the epithelial homeostasis in tandem with the dynamic reconstruction of junctional devices. Lymphocyte-mediated cell killing is predominant in the mouse and rat, while the disposal of epithelial cells in the guinea pig, monkey, and human is characterized by active phagocytosis by subepithelially gathering macrophages. The fenestrated basement membrane formed by immune cells supports their involvement and explains species differences in the disposal of epithelial cells. Via these fenestrations, macrophages and dendritic cells can engulf apoptotic epithelial cells and debris and convey substantial information to regional lymph nodes. In this review, we attempt to focus on morphological aspects concerning the apoptosis and disposal process of effete epithelial cells; in vitro or ex vivo analyses using cultured monolayer has become predominant in recent studies concerning the exfoliation of apoptotic enterocytes. Furthermore, we give attention to their species differences, which is controversial but crucial to our understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Iwanaga
- Department of Anatomy, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine
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25
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Jung K, Pawluk MA, Lane M, Nabai L, Granville DJ. Granzyme B in Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction and Related Skin Diseases. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C170-C189. [PMID: 35442832 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00052.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The predominant function of the skin is to serve as a barrier - to protect against external insults and to prevent water loss. Junctional and structural proteins in the stratum corneum, the outermost layer of the epidermis, are critical to the integrity of the epidermal barrier as it balances ongoing outward migration, differentiation, and desquamation of keratinocytes in the epidermis. As such, epidermal barrier function is highly susceptible to upsurges of proteolytic activity in the stratum corneum and epidermis. Granzyme B is a serine protease scarce in healthy tissues but present at high levels in tissues encumbered by chronic inflammation. Discovered in the 1980s, Granzyme B is currently recognized for its intracellular roles in immune cell-mediated targeted apoptosis as well as extracellular roles in inflammation, chronic injuries, tissue remodeling, and processing of cytokines, matrix proteins, and autoantigens. Increasing evidence has emerged in recent years supporting a role for Granzyme B in promoting barrier dysfunction in the epidermis by direct cleavage of barrier proteins and eliciting immunoreactivity. Likewise, Granzyme B contributes to impaired epithelial function of the airways, retina, gut and vessels. In the present review, the role of Granzyme B in cutaneous epithelial dysfunction is discussed in the context of specific conditions with an overview of underlying mechanisms as well as utility of current experimental and therapeutic inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Jung
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute (VCHRI), University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,British Columbia Professional Firefighters' Wound Healing Laboratory, VCHRI, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Megan A Pawluk
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute (VCHRI), University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,British Columbia Professional Firefighters' Wound Healing Laboratory, VCHRI, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Michael Lane
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute (VCHRI), University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,British Columbia Professional Firefighters' Wound Healing Laboratory, VCHRI, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Layla Nabai
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute (VCHRI), University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,British Columbia Professional Firefighters' Wound Healing Laboratory, VCHRI, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - David J Granville
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute (VCHRI), University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,British Columbia Professional Firefighters' Wound Healing Laboratory, VCHRI, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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26
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Ngo PA, Neurath MF, López-Posadas R. Impact of Epithelial Cell Shedding on Intestinal Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084160. [PMID: 35456978 PMCID: PMC9027054 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut barrier acts as a first line of defense in the body, and plays a vital role in nutrition and immunoregulation. A layer of epithelial cells bound together via intercellular junction proteins maintains intestinal barrier integrity. Based on a tight equilibrium between cell extrusion and cell restitution, the renewal of the epithelium (epithelial turnover) permits the preservation of cell numbers. As the last step within the epithelial turnover, cell shedding occurs due to the pressure of cell division and migration from the base of the crypt. During this process, redistribution of tight junction proteins enables the sealing of the epithelial gap left by the extruded cell, and thereby maintains barrier function. Disturbance in cell shedding can create transient gaps (leaky gut) or cell accumulation in the epithelial layer. In fact, numerous studies have described the association between dysregulated cell shedding and infection, inflammation, and cancer; thus epithelial cell extrusion is considered a key defense mechanism. In the gastrointestinal tract, altered cell shedding has been observed in mouse models of intestinal inflammation and appears as a potential cause of barrier loss in human inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Despite the relevance of this process, there are many unanswered questions regarding cell shedding. The investigation of those mechanisms controlling cell extrusion in the gut will definitely contribute to our understanding of intestinal homeostasis. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge about intestinal cell shedding under both physiological and pathological circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong A. Ngo
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (P.A.N.); (M.F.N.)
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus F. Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (P.A.N.); (M.F.N.)
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rocío López-Posadas
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (P.A.N.); (M.F.N.)
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Correspondence:
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