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Shugaa Addin N, Niedermayer F, Thorand B, Linseisen J, Seissler J, Peters A, Rospleszcz S. Association of serum magnesium with metabolic syndrome and the role of chronic kidney disease: A population-based cohort study with Mendelian randomization. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26:1808-1820. [PMID: 38361465 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the association of serum magnesium with prevalent and incident metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its individual components in the general population and to examine any effect modification by chronic kidney disease (CKD) status. METHODS We analysed longitudinal data from the population-based KORA F4/FF4 study, including 2996 participants (387 with CKD) for cross-sectional analysis and 1446 participants (88 with CKD) for longitudinal analysis. Associations with MetS, as well as single components of MetS, were assessed by adjusted regression models. Nonlinearity was tested by restricted cubic splines and analyses were stratified by CKD. Causality was evaluated by two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR). RESULTS Serum magnesium (1 SD) was inversely associated with prevalent MetS (odds ratio [OR] 0.90, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.83, 0.98). The association was more pronounced in individuals with CKD (OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.59, 0.94). Among MetS components, serum magnesium was negatively associated with elevated fasting glucose (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.71, 0.88) and, again, this association was more pronounced in individuals with CKD (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.53, 0.84). Serum magnesium was not associated with incident MetS or its components. Restricted cubic spline analysis revealed a significant nonlinear inverse relationship of serum magnesium with MetS and elevated fasting glucose. MR analysis suggested an inverse causal effect of serum magnesium on MetS (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.85, 0.97). CONCLUSION Serum magnesium is associated with prevalent, but not incident MetS, and this effect is stronger in individuals with CKD. MR analysis implies a potential, albeit weak, causal role of magnesium in MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuha Shugaa Addin
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology (IBE), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Fiona Niedermayer
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology (IBE), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Barbara Thorand
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology (IBE), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Munich, Germany
- Partner Site München-Neuherberg, German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jakob Linseisen
- Chair of Epidemiology, University of Augsburg, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Jochen Seissler
- Partner Site München-Neuherberg, German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Diabetes Research Group, LMU-Klinikum; Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, München, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology (IBE), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Munich, Germany
- Partner Site München-Neuherberg, German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK e.V.), Munich Heart Alliance, München, Germany
| | - Susanne Rospleszcz
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology (IBE), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK e.V.), Munich Heart Alliance, München, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Kapper C, Oppelt P, Ganhör C, Gyunesh AA, Arbeithuber B, Stelzl P, Rezk-Füreder M. Minerals and the Menstrual Cycle: Impacts on Ovulation and Endometrial Health. Nutrients 2024; 16:1008. [PMID: 38613041 PMCID: PMC11013220 DOI: 10.3390/nu16071008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The role of minerals in female fertility, particularly in relation to the menstrual cycle, presents a complex area of study that underscores the interplay between nutrition and reproductive health. This narrative review aims to elucidate the impacts of minerals on key aspects of the reproductive system: hormonal regulation, ovarian function and ovulation, endometrial health, and oxidative stress. Despite the attention given to specific micronutrients in relation to reproductive disorders, there is a noticeable absence of a comprehensive review focusing on the impact of minerals throughout the menstrual cycle on female fertility. This narrative review aims to address this gap by examining the influence of minerals on reproductive health. Each mineral's contribution is explored in detail to provide a clearer picture of its importance in supporting female fertility. This comprehensive analysis not only enhances our knowledge of reproductive health but also offers clinicians valuable insights into potential therapeutic strategies and the recommended intake of minerals to promote female reproductive well-being, considering the menstrual cycle. This review stands as the first to offer such a detailed examination of minerals in the context of the menstrual cycle, aiming to elevate the understanding of their critical role in female fertility and reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Kapper
- Experimental Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Gynaecological Endocrinology, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria; (C.K.); (P.O.); (B.A.)
| | - Peter Oppelt
- Experimental Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Gynaecological Endocrinology, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria; (C.K.); (P.O.); (B.A.)
- Department for Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Gynaecological Endocrinology, Kepler University Hospital, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Clara Ganhör
- Division of Pathophysiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4020 Linz, Austria
- Clinical Research Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Ayberk Alp Gyunesh
- Experimental Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Gynaecological Endocrinology, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria; (C.K.); (P.O.); (B.A.)
| | - Barbara Arbeithuber
- Experimental Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Gynaecological Endocrinology, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria; (C.K.); (P.O.); (B.A.)
| | - Patrick Stelzl
- Department for Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Gynaecological Endocrinology, Kepler University Hospital, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Marlene Rezk-Füreder
- Experimental Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Gynaecological Endocrinology, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria; (C.K.); (P.O.); (B.A.)
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3
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Jiao Y, Li W, Wang L, Jiang H, Wang S, Jia X, Wang Z, Wang H, Zhang B, Ding G. Relationship between Dietary Magnesium Intake and Metabolic Syndrome. Nutrients 2022; 14:2013. [PMID: 35631154 PMCID: PMC9144620 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is increasingly prevalent, and the relationship between dietary magnesium and MetS remains controversial. Therefore, we aimed to explore the association and dose-response relationship between dietary magnesium intake and MetS and its single component. The sample was adults aged 18 years and above who participated in at least two follow-up surveys in 2009, 2015 and 2018. Food consumption data were collected from three consecutive 24-h dietary recalls. The multivariate Cox proportional risk regression model and restricted cubic spline (RCS) model were used to analyze the association and dose-response relationship between dietary magnesium intake and MetS and its components. In our study, 6104 subjects were included, with a total follow-up of 37,173.36 person-years, and the incidence was 33.16%. Cox regression analysis showed that the multivariable-adjusted Hazard Ratio (HR) for MetS comparing the highest to the lowest quintile of dietary magnesium intake was 0.84 (95% confidence intervals [CI] = 0.71-0.99). Central obesity, elevated TG, elevated blood pressure and elevated blood glucose were reduced by 18%, 41%, 20% and 42%, respectively. The risk of decreased HDL-C was reduced by 23% in the third quintile of dietary magnesium intake, with a slightly increased risk in the highest group. RCS analysis showed that the overall and non-linear associations between dietary magnesium and MetS and its components were statistically significant, the risk of them decreased significantly when magnesium intake was lower than 280 mg/day, and then the curve leveled off or slightly increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Jiao
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China; (Y.J.); (W.L.); (L.W.); (H.J.); (S.W.); (X.J.); (Z.W.); (H.W.); (B.Z.)
| | - Weiyi Li
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China; (Y.J.); (W.L.); (L.W.); (H.J.); (S.W.); (X.J.); (Z.W.); (H.W.); (B.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Nutrition, National Health Commission, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Liusen Wang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China; (Y.J.); (W.L.); (L.W.); (H.J.); (S.W.); (X.J.); (Z.W.); (H.W.); (B.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Nutrition, National Health Commission, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hongru Jiang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China; (Y.J.); (W.L.); (L.W.); (H.J.); (S.W.); (X.J.); (Z.W.); (H.W.); (B.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Nutrition, National Health Commission, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shaoshunzi Wang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China; (Y.J.); (W.L.); (L.W.); (H.J.); (S.W.); (X.J.); (Z.W.); (H.W.); (B.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Nutrition, National Health Commission, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiaofang Jia
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China; (Y.J.); (W.L.); (L.W.); (H.J.); (S.W.); (X.J.); (Z.W.); (H.W.); (B.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Nutrition, National Health Commission, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhihong Wang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China; (Y.J.); (W.L.); (L.W.); (H.J.); (S.W.); (X.J.); (Z.W.); (H.W.); (B.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Nutrition, National Health Commission, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Huijun Wang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China; (Y.J.); (W.L.); (L.W.); (H.J.); (S.W.); (X.J.); (Z.W.); (H.W.); (B.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Nutrition, National Health Commission, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China; (Y.J.); (W.L.); (L.W.); (H.J.); (S.W.); (X.J.); (Z.W.); (H.W.); (B.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Nutrition, National Health Commission, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Gangqiang Ding
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China; (Y.J.); (W.L.); (L.W.); (H.J.); (S.W.); (X.J.); (Z.W.); (H.W.); (B.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Nutrition, National Health Commission, Beijing 100050, China
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Li J, Chong A, Carey S. Dietary interventions on the prevention and management of diabetes in post-kidney transplantation - A systematic review. Nephrology (Carlton) 2021; 27:269-280. [PMID: 34610191 DOI: 10.1111/nep.13982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Post-transplant diabetes mellitus is associated with long-term immunosuppression and weight gain, and is related to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, accelerated loss of graft and increased mortality. There is an absence of strong evidence-based dietary guidelines for the prevention and management of post-transplant diabetes mellitus in kidney transplant recipients. The aim of this study was to systematically review all dietary evidence for kidney transplant recipients on clinical outcomes relating to diabetes, patient-reported outcomes and economic outcomes. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in August 2020 using the databases Medline, Embase, CENTRAL and CINAHL. Studies were critically appraised using Cochrane risk of bias tools and GRADE. A total of 12 studies and 1928 participants were included. Four papers focused on diet and exercise, one paper on diet only, two papers on magnesium supplementation, one paper on magnesium and fibre intake, two papers on Mediterranean diet, one paper on marine n-3 fatty acid supplementation and one paper on fruit and vegetable intake. There were no significant effects on outcomes relating to dietary counselling, magnesium supplementation, magnesium and fibre intake or marine n-3 fatty acid supplementation. Low-quality evidence supports the Mediterranean diet in reducing the risk of post-transplant diabetes mellitus and fasting plasma glucose levels. Low-quality evidence suggests vegetable intake being associated with a lower risk of post-transplant diabetes mellitus. This review demonstrates limited evidence for dietary interventions in the prevention and management of diabetes in post-kidney transplantation. The findings suggest that further high-quality research with robust study designs is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Li
- Nutrition and Dietetics Group, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Arian Chong
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sharon Carey
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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5
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Dibaba DT, Chen C, Lu L, Bidulescu A, Fly AD, Xun P, Judd SE, Cushman M, Kahe K. Magnesium intake is inversely associated with the risk of metabolic syndrome in the REasons for geographic and racial differences in stroke (REGARDS) cohort study. Clin Nutr 2020; 40:2337-2342. [PMID: 33129598 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the longitudinal association between magnesium (Mg) intake and the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). METHODS Poisson regression models with robust standard error estimation were used to examine the association between total Mg intake and the risk of MetS in 6802 participants aged ≥45 years at baseline in the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study. Dietary data were collected using the modified Block 98 food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) at baseline and incident MetS was diagnosed during follow-up if a participant had three or more of the five components of MetS based on the harmonized definition. RESULTS A total of 1470 participants developed MetS during an average follow-up of 10 years. Comparing the highest quintile of total Mg intake (>437.9 mg/day) to the lowest group (<223.5 mg/day), total Mg intake had a significant inverse association with the risk of MetS [relative risk (RR) = 0.79 (0.63, 0.98), Ptrend = 0.043]. Dietary Mg intake was inversely associated with MetS [RR = 0.72 (0.56, 0.91), Ptrend = 0.006]. Adjusting for baseline components of MetS attenuated the associations, but the linear trends remained. CONCLUSION The findings from this study indicate that dietary Mg intake was inversely associated with the risk of MetS. We recommend further studies to explain the underlying mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T Dibaba
- Tennessee Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Tennessee, USA
| | - Cheng Chen
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Liping Lu
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA
| | | | - Alyce D Fly
- School of Public Health - Bloomington, Indiana University, Indiana, USA; Department of Nutrition and Health Science, Ball State University, Muncie, IN 47306, USA
| | - Pengcheng Xun
- School of Public Health - Bloomington, Indiana University, Indiana, USA
| | - Suzanne E Judd
- School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Mary Cushman
- University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Ka Kahe
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA.
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Carrero JJ, González-Ortiz A, Avesani CM, Bakker SJL, Bellizzi V, Chauveau P, Clase CM, Cupisti A, Espinosa-Cuevas A, Molina P, Moreau K, Piccoli GB, Post A, Sezer S, Fouque D. Plant-based diets to manage the risks and complications of chronic kidney disease. Nat Rev Nephrol 2020; 16:525-542. [PMID: 32528189 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-020-0297-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Traditional dietary recommendations for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) focus on the quantity of nutrients consumed. Without appropriate dietary counselling, these restrictions can result in a low intake of fruits and vegetables and a lack of diversity in the diet. Plant nutrients and plant-based diets could have beneficial effects in patients with CKD: increased fibre intake shifts the gut microbiota towards reduced production of uraemic toxins; plant fats, particularly olive oil, have anti-atherogenic effects; plant anions might mitigate metabolic acidosis and slow CKD progression; and as plant phosphorus has a lower bioavailability than animal phosphorus, plant-based diets might enable better control of hyperphosphataemia. Current evidence suggests that promoting the adoption of plant-based diets has few risks but potential benefits for the primary prevention of CKD, as well as for delaying progression in patients with CKD G3-5. These diets might also help to manage and prevent some of the symptoms and metabolic complications of CKD. We suggest that restriction of plant foods as a strategy to prevent hyperkalaemia or undernutrition should be individualized to avoid depriving patients with CKD of these potential beneficial effects of plant-based diets. However, research is needed to address knowledge gaps, particularly regarding the relevance and extent of diet-induced hyperkalaemia in patients undergoing dialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J Carrero
- Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Ailema González-Ortiz
- Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador, Zubirán, Mexico
| | - Carla M Avesani
- Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stephan J L Bakker
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Vincenzo Bellizzi
- Nephrology Unit, University Hospital "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona", Salerno, Italy
| | - Philippe Chauveau
- Service de Néphrologie Transplantation Dialyse, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux et Aurad-Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France
| | - Catherine M Clase
- Departments of Medicine and Health Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adamasco Cupisti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Angeles Espinosa-Cuevas
- Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador, Zubirán, Mexico
| | - Pablo Molina
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitari Dr Peset, Universitat de València, València, Spain
| | - Karine Moreau
- Renal transplant unit, Pellegrin Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Giorgina B Piccoli
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Nephrologie, Centre Hospitalier Le Mans, Le Mans, France
| | - Adrian Post
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Siren Sezer
- Department of Nephrology, Baskent University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Denis Fouque
- Department of Nephrology, Université de Lyon, Carmen, Hospital Lyon-Sud, Lyon, France
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Chen JP, Chen GC, Wang XP, Qin L, Bai Y. Dietary Fiber and Metabolic Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis and Review of Related Mechanisms. Nutrients 2017; 10:E24. [PMID: 29278406 PMCID: PMC5793252 DOI: 10.3390/nu10010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Dietary fiber intake may provide beneficial effects on the components of metabolic syndrome (MetS); however, observational studies reported inconsistent results for the relationship between dietary fiber intake and MetS risk. We conducted a meta-analysis to quantify previous observational studies and a narrative review to summarize mechanisms involved in the potential relationship. (2) Methods: The literature was searched on PubMed and Web of Science until 28 November 2017. A random-effects model was used to calculate the summary risk estimates. Eleven cross-sectional studies and three cohort studies were included in the meta-analysis. Results from the original studies were reported as odds ratios (ORs) or relative ratios (RRs) of the MetS associated with different levels of dietary fiber intake, and the ORs/RRs comparing the highest with lowest categories of the intake were pooled. (3) Results: For the cross-sectional studies, the pooled OR was 0.70 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.61-0.82) with evidence of high heterogeneity (I² = 74.4%, p < 0.001) and publication bias (p for Egger's test < 0.001). After removing four studies, results remained significant (OR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.58-0.78) and the heterogeneity was largely reduced (I² = 32.4%, p = 0.181). For the cohort studies, the pooled RR was 0.86 (95% CI: 0.70-1.06). (4) Conclusion: Although the meta-analysis suggests an inverse association between dietary fiber intake and risk of MetS, and the association was supported by a wide range of mechanism studies, the findings are limited by insufficient cohort data. More prospective studies are needed to further verify the association between dietary fiber intake and the risk of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ping Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Dushu Lake Higher Education District, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Guo-Chong Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Dushu Lake Higher Education District, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Xiao-Ping Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Dushu Lake Higher Education District, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Liqiang Qin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Dushu Lake Higher Education District, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Yanjie Bai
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Dushu Lake Higher Education District, Suzhou 215123, China.
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8
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Sarrafzadegan N, Khosravi-Boroujeni H, Lotfizadeh M, Pourmogaddas A, Salehi-Abargouei A. Magnesium status and the metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrition 2016; 32:409-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2015.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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9
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The Relationship Between Fruit and Vegetable Consumption and Weight Gain in Kidney Transplant Recipients Within 1 Year Posttransplant. TOP CLIN NUTR 2015. [DOI: 10.1097/tin.0000000000000048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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10
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Mooren FC. Magnesium and disturbances in carbohydrate metabolism. Diabetes Obes Metab 2015; 17:813-23. [PMID: 25974209 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium is actively involved in a number of metabolic reactions as an important co-factor, with special emphasis on carbohydrate metabolism. After a brief overview of the regulation of intra- and extracellular magnesium, the present review first describes the regulatory role of magnesium in important metabolic pathways involved in energy metabolism and glycaemic control. Next the clinical significance of hypomagnesaemic conditions with regard to the management of glucose in prediabetic stages, such as insulin resistance/impaired glucose tolerance and in type 2 diabetes mellitus are characterized. Cross-sectional as well as longitudinal studies suggest that a reduced dietary magnesium intake serves as a risk factor for the incidence of both impaired glucose regulation and type 2 diabetes. Mechanisms that might be responsible for diabetes-associated hypomagnesaemia are discussed. Furthermore, the role of hypomagnesaemia in the development and progression of chronic diabetic complications are addressed. Finally, the available literature on the effects of magnesium supplementation on glycaemic control parameters during prediabetic conditions (preventive approach) as well as type 2 diabetes mellitus (therapeutic approach) are reviewed systematically. There is considerable evidence that chronic magnesium supplementation may delay the progression from impaired glucose regulation to type 2 diabetes; however, the effects of oral magnesium supplementation as an adjunct therapy for type 2 diabetes are quite heterogeneous with respect to the various measures of glycaemic control. The results of this review suggest a requirement for critical consideration of the pros and cons of magnesium replacement therapy, based on variables such as magnesium status, stage of disease and glycaemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank C Mooren
- Department of Sports Medicine, Institute of Sports Sciences, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
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11
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Ju SY, Choi WS, Ock SM, Kim CM, Kim DH. Dietary magnesium intake and metabolic syndrome in the adult population: dose-response meta-analysis and meta-regression. Nutrients 2014; 6:6005-19. [PMID: 25533010 PMCID: PMC4277012 DOI: 10.3390/nu6126005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
ncreasing evidence has suggested an association between dietary magnesium intake and metabolic syndrome. However, previous research examining dietary magnesium intake and metabolic syndrome has produced mixed results. Our objective was to determine the relationship between dietary magnesium intake and metabolic syndrome in the adult population using a dose-response meta-analysis. We searched the PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library databases from August, 1965, to May, 2014. Observational studies reporting risk ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for metabolic syndrome in ≥ 3 categories of dietary magnesium intake levels were selected. The data extraction was performed independently by two authors, and the quality of the studies was evaluated using the Risk of Bias Assessment Tool for Nonrandomized Studies (RoBANS). Based on eight cross-sectional studies and two prospective cohort studies, the pooled relative risks of metabolic syndrome per 150 mg/day increment in magnesium intake was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.84-0.93; I(2) = 36.3%). The meta-regression model showed a generally linear, inverse relationship between magnesium intake (mg/day) and metabolic syndrome. This dose-response meta-analysis indicates that dietary magnesium intake is significantly and inversely associated with the risk of metabolic syndrome. However, randomized clinical trials will be necessary to address the issue of causality and to determine whether magnesium supplementation is effective for the prevention of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Yhun Ju
- Department of Family Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 10, 63-ro, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul 150-713, Korea.
| | - Whan-Seok Choi
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 22 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-701, Korea.
| | - Sun-Myeong Ock
- Department of Family Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 10, 63-ro, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul 150-713, Korea.
| | - Chul-Min Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 22 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-701, Korea.
| | - Do-Hoon Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, 516, Gojan 1-Dong, Danwon-Gu, Ansan-Si Gyeonggi-Do 425-707, Korea.
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Dibaba DT, Xun P, Fly AD, Yokota K, He K. Dietary magnesium intake and risk of metabolic syndrome: a meta-analysis. Diabet Med 2014; 31:1301-9. [PMID: 24975384 PMCID: PMC4198467 DOI: 10.1111/dme.12537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To estimate quantitatively the association between dietary magnesium intake and risk of metabolic syndrome by combining the relevant published articles using meta-analysis. METHODS We reviewed the relevant literature in PubMed and EMBASE published up until August 2013 and obtained additional information through Google or a hand search of the references in relevant articles. A random-effects or fixed-effects model, as appropriate, was used to pool the effect sizes on metabolic syndrome comparing individuals with the highest dietary magnesium intake with those having the lowest intake. The dose-response relationship was assessed for every 100-mg/day increment in magnesium intake and risk of metabolic syndrome. RESULT Six cross-sectional studies, including a total of 24 473 individuals and 6311 cases of metabolic syndrome, were identified as eligible for the meta-analysis. A weighted inverse association was found between dietary magnesium intake and the risk of metabolic syndrome (odds ratio 0.69, 95% CI 0.59, 0.81) comparing the highest with the lowest group. For every 100-mg/day increment in magnesium intake, the overall risk of having metabolic syndrome was lowered by 17% (odds ratio 0.83, 95% CI 0. 77, 0.89). CONCLUSION Findings from the present meta-analysis suggest that dietary magnesium intake is inversely associated with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Further studies, in particular well-designed longitudinal cohort studies and randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials, are warranted to provide solid evidence and to establish causal inference.
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Affiliation(s)
- D T Dibaba
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health--Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
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Phillips S, Heuberger R. Metabolic Disorders Following Kidney Transplantation. J Ren Nutr 2012; 22:451-60.e1. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2012.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Revised: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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