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Siyah P, Kocabaş F. Isolation of Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells from an Apheresis Sample. Methods Mol Biol 2024. [PMID: 38967910 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2024_557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
The hematopoietic system constantly produces new blood cells through hematopoiesis, and maintaining this balance is vital for human health. This balance is maintained by self-renewing hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and various progenitor cells. Under typical circumstances, HSCs are not abundantly found in peripheral blood; hence, their mobilization from the bone marrow is vital. Hematopoietic growth factors achieve this effectively, enabling mobilization and thus allowing blood sample and thus HSC collection via apheresis. Securing a sufficient supply of HSCs is vital for successful hematopoietic reconstitution and the rapid integration of committed cells. Thus, isolation and expansion of HSCs are crucial for convenient extraction, production of transplantable quantities, genetic modifications for enhanced therapeutic efficacy, and as a source of increased/expanded/synthesized blood cells in vitro. In conclusion, the isolation and expansion of HSCs play pivotal roles in both regenerative medicine and hematology. This protocol describes the isolation of human HSCs by providing an overview of the primary method for isolating human hematopoietic stem cells from apheresis blood samples and sheds light on human HSC studies and developments in research and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pınar Siyah
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi, İstanbul, Türkiye.
| | - Fatih Kocabaş
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, İstanbul, Türkiye.
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2
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Zhang T, Zhou M, Xiao D, Liu Z, Jiang Y, Feng M, Lin Y, Cai X. Myelosuppression Alleviation and Hematopoietic Regeneration by Tetrahedral-Framework Nucleic-Acid Nanostructures Functionalized with Osteogenic Growth Peptide. ADVANCED SCIENCE 2022; 9:e2202058. [PMID: 35882625 PMCID: PMC9507378 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202202058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
As major complications of chemoradiotherapy, myelosuppression and hematopoietic-system damage severely affect immunologic function and can delay or even terminate treatment for cancer patients. Although several specific cytokines have been used for hematopoiesis recovery, their effect is limited, and they may increase the risk of tumor recurrence. In this study, osteogenic growth peptide functionalized tetrahedral framework nucleic-acid nanostructures (OGP-tFNAs) are prepared; they combine the positive hematopoiesis stimulating effect of OGP and the drug carrying function of tFNAs. The potential of OGP-tFNAs for hematopoietic stimulation and microenvironment regulation is investigated. It is shown that OGP-tFNAs can protect bone marrow stromal cells from 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced DNA damage and apoptosis. OGP-tFNAs pretreatment activates the extracellularly regulated protein kinase signal and downregulates apoptosis-related proteins. OGP-tFNAs also alleviate the chemotherapy-induced inhibition of hematopoiesis-related cytokine expression, which is crucial for hematopoiesis reconstitution. In conclusion, OGP-tFNAs can protect hematopoietic cells and their microenvironment from chemotherapy-induced injuries and myelosuppression, while promoting hematopoiesis regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Mi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Dexuan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Yueying Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Maogeng Feng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, P. R. China
| | - Yunfeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxiao Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
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Valid Presumption of Shiga Toxin-Mediated Damage of Developing Erythrocytes in EHEC-Associated Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12060373. [PMID: 32512916 PMCID: PMC7354503 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12060373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The global emergence of clinical diseases caused by enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) is an issue of great concern. EHEC release Shiga toxins (Stxs) as their key virulence factors, and investigations on the cell-damaging mechanisms toward target cells are inevitable for the development of novel mitigation strategies. Stx-mediated hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), characterized by the triad of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute renal injury, is the most severe outcome of an EHEC infection. Hemolytic anemia during HUS is defined as the loss of erythrocytes by mechanical disruption when passing through narrowed microvessels. The formation of thrombi in the microvasculature is considered an indirect effect of Stx-mediated injury mainly of the renal microvascular endothelial cells, resulting in obstructions of vessels. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent data providing evidence that HUS-associated hemolytic anemia may arise not only from intravascular rupture of erythrocytes, but also from the extravascular impairment of erythropoiesis, the development of red blood cells in the bone marrow, via direct Stx-mediated damage of maturing erythrocytes, leading to “non-hemolytic” anemia.
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Chander V, Gangenahalli G. Emerging strategies for enhancing the homing of hematopoietic stem cells to the bone marrow after transplantation. Exp Cell Res 2020; 390:111954. [PMID: 32156602 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.111954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow failure is the primary cause of death after nuclear accidents or intentional exposure to high or low doses of ionizing radiation. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is the most potent treatment procedure for patients suffering from several hematopoietic malignancies arising after radiation injuries. Successful hematopoietic recovery after transplantation depends on efficient homing and subsequent engraftment of hematopoietic stem cells in specific niches within the bone marrow. It is a rapid and coordinated process in which circulating cells actively enter the bone marrow through the process known as transvascular migration, which involves the tightly regulated relay of events that finally leads to homing of cells in the bone marrow. Various adhesion molecules, chemokines, glycoproteins, integrins, present both on the surface of stem cells and sinusoidal endothelium plays a critical role in transvascular migration. But despite having an in-depth knowledge of homing and engraftment and the key events that regulate it, we are still not completely able to avoid graft failures and post-transplant mortalities. This deems it necessary to design a flawless plan for successful transplantation. Here, in this review, we will discuss the current clinical methods used to overcome graft failures and their flaws. We will also discuss, what are the new approaches developed in the past 10-12 years to selectively deliver the hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow by adopting proper targeting strategies that can help revolutionize the field of regenerative and translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Chander
- Division of Stem Cell & Gene Therapy Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Gurudutta Gangenahalli
- Division of Stem Cell & Gene Therapy Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, Delhi, 110054, India.
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Li Q, Zhao D, Chen Q, Luo M, Huang J, Yang C, Wang F, Li W, Liu T. Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cell-based or umbilical vein endothelial cell-based serum-free coculture with cytokines supports the ex vivo expansion/maintenance of cord blood hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:376. [PMID: 31806004 PMCID: PMC6894464 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1502-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The umbilical cord blood (UCB) has been widely accepted as an alternative source of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) for transplantation, and its use in adults is still restricted because of low absolute numbers. To overcome this obstacle, expansion of UCB-HSPCs under feeder cell-based coculture is a promising possibility. In this study, we explored UCB-CD34+ cells ex vivo expansion using Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) or umbilical vein endothelial cells (UVECs) as feeder layer-based serum-free coculture system with a cocktail of cytokines. Methods UCB-CD34+ cells were cultured in five different coculture conditions composed of umbilical cord stromal cells (WJ-MSCs or UVECs) with or without a cocktail of cytokines (SCF, FLT3L, and TPO). The cultured cells were harvested at day 10 and analyzed for phenotypes and functionalities, including total nuclear cells (TNCs), CD34+ cells, CD34+CD38− cells, colony-forming unit (CFU) for committed progenitors, and long-term culture initiating cells (LTC-ICs) for HSPCs. Results Our work showed the numbers of TNC cells, CD34+ cells, and CD34+CD38− cells were expanded under five coculture conditions, and the feeder layer-based cocultures further promoted the expansion. The numbers of colonies of CFU-GM, CFU-E/BFU-E, and CFU-GEMM in the cocultures with cytokines were significantly higher than their counterparts at day 0 (p < 0.05), while no significant difference (p > 0.05) in those without the addition of cytokines. The numbers of LTC-ICs were increased both under the WJ-MSCs and UVECs with cytokine cocultures, but only in the UVECs group showed a significant difference (p < 0.05), and were decreased under conditions without cytokine (p < 0.05). Conclusion Our data demonstrate that both WJ-MSCs and UVECs as feeder layer could efficiently support the expansion of UCB-CD34+ cells in synergy with SCF, FLT3L, and TPO under serum-free culture condition. The UVECs combined with the 3GF cytokine cocktail could maintain the growth of LTC-ICs derived from UCB-CD34+ cells and even expand to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyang Li
- Department of Hematology, Hematology Research Laboratory, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, #37 Guo Xue Xiang Street, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dewan Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Hematology Research Laboratory, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, #37 Guo Xue Xiang Street, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Sichuan Cord Blood Stem Cell Bank, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Maowen Luo
- Sichuan Cord Blood Stem Cell Bank, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingcao Huang
- Department of Hematology, Hematology Research Laboratory, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, #37 Guo Xue Xiang Street, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Cao Yang
- Sichuan Cord Blood Stem Cell Bank, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangfang Wang
- Department of Hematology, Hematology Research Laboratory, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, #37 Guo Xue Xiang Street, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxian Li
- Sichuan Cord Blood Stem Cell Bank, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Hematology, Hematology Research Laboratory, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, #37 Guo Xue Xiang Street, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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Loftus TJ, Mira JC, Miller ES, Kannan KB, Plazas JM, Delitto D, Stortz JA, Hagen JE, Parvataneni HK, Sadasivan KK, Brakenridge SC, Moore FA, Moldawer LL, Efron PA, Mohr AM. The Postinjury Inflammatory State and the Bone Marrow Response to Anemia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019; 198:629-638. [PMID: 29768025 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201712-2536oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE The pathophysiology of persistent injury-associated anemia is incompletely understood, and human data are sparse. OBJECTIVES To characterize persistent injury-associated anemia among critically ill trauma patients with the hypothesis that severe trauma would be associated with neuroendocrine activation, erythropoietin dysfunction, iron dysregulation, and decreased erythropoiesis. METHODS A translational prospective observational cohort study comparing severely injured, blunt trauma patients who had operative fixation of a hip or femur fracture (n = 17) with elective hip repair patients (n = 22). Bone marrow and plasma obtained at the index operation were assessed for circulating catecholamines, systemic inflammation, erythropoietin, iron trafficking pathways, and erythroid progenitor growth. Bone marrow was also obtained from healthy donors from a commercial source (n = 8). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS During admission, trauma patients had a median of 625 ml operative blood loss and 5 units of red blood cell transfusions, and Hb decreased from 10.5 to 9.3 g/dl. Compared with hip repair, trauma patients had higher median plasma norepinephrine (21.9 vs. 8.9 ng/ml) and hepcidin (56.3 vs. 12.2 ng/ml) concentrations (both P < 0.05). Bone marrow erythropoietin and erythropoietin receptor expression were significantly increased among patients undergoing hip repair (23% and 14% increases, respectively; both P < 0.05), but not in trauma patients (3% and 5% increases, respectively), compared with healthy control subjects. Trauma patients had lower bone marrow transferrin receptor expression than did hip repair patients (57% decrease; P < 0.05). Erythroid progenitor growth was decreased in trauma patients (39.0 colonies per plate; P < 0.05) compared with those with hip repair (57.0 colonies per plate; P < 0.05 compared with healthy control subjects) and healthy control subjects (66.5 colonies per plate). CONCLUSIONS Severe blunt trauma was associated with neuroendocrine activation, erythropoietin dysfunction, iron dysregulation, erythroid progenitor growth suppression, and persistent injury-associated anemia. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT 02577731).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J Loftus
- 1 Department of Surgery.,2 Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, and
| | - Juan C Mira
- 1 Department of Surgery.,2 Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, and
| | - Elizabeth S Miller
- 1 Department of Surgery.,2 Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, and
| | | | - Jessica M Plazas
- 3 College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | | | - Julie A Stortz
- 1 Department of Surgery.,2 Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, and
| | - Jennifer E Hagen
- 4 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, Florida; and
| | - Hari K Parvataneni
- 4 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, Florida; and
| | - Kalia K Sadasivan
- 4 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, Florida; and
| | | | - Frederick A Moore
- 1 Department of Surgery.,2 Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, and
| | - Lyle L Moldawer
- 1 Department of Surgery.,2 Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, and
| | - Philip A Efron
- 1 Department of Surgery.,2 Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, and
| | - Alicia M Mohr
- 1 Department of Surgery.,2 Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, and
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Zhao D, Liu L, Chen Q, Wang F, Li Q, Zeng Q, Huang J, Luo M, Li W, Zheng Y, Liu T. Hypoxia with Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cell coculture maintains stemness of umbilical cord blood-derived CD34 + cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:158. [PMID: 29895317 PMCID: PMC5998541 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0902-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The physiological approach suggests that an environment associating mesenchymal stromal cells with low O2 concentration would be most favorable for the maintenance of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs). To test this hypothesis, we performed a coculture of cord blood CD34+ cells with Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) under different O2 concentration to simulate the growth of HSPCs in vivo, and assessed the impacts on stemness maintenance and proliferation of cord blood HSPCs in vitro. Methods CD34+ cells derived from cord blood were isolated and cocultured under 1%, 3%, or 20% O2 concentrations with irradiated WJ-MSCs without adding exogenous cytokines for 7 days. The cultured cells were harvested and analyzed for phenotype and functionality, including total nuclear cells (TNC), CD34+Lin− cells, colony forming unit (CFU) for committed progenitors, and long-term culture initiating cells (LTC-ICs) for HSPCs. The cytokine levels in the medium were detected with Luminex liquid chips, and the mRNA expression of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) genes and stem cell signal pathway (Notch, Hedgehog, and Wnt/β-catenin) downstream genes in cord blood HSPCs were confirmed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results Our results showed that the number of TNC cells, CD34+Lin− cells, and CFU were higher or similar with 20% O2 (normoxia) in coculture and compared with 1% O2 (hypoxia). Interestingly, a 1% O2 concentration ensured better percentages of CD34+Lin− cells and LTC-IC cells. The hypoxia tension (1% O2) significantly increased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion and decreased interleukin (IL)-6, IL-7, stem cell factor (SCF), and thrombopoietin (TPO) secretion of WJ-MSCs, and selectively activated the Notch, Wnt/β-catenin, and Hedgehog signaling pathway of cord blood HSPCs by HIF-related factors, which may play an important role in stemness preservation and for sustaining HSPC quiescence. Conclusions Our data demonstrate that cord blood HSPCs maintain stemness better under hypoxia than normoxia with WJ-MSC coculture, partially due to the increased secretion of VEGF, decreased secretion of IL-6 by WJ-MSCs, and selective activation of stem cell signal pathways in HSPCs. This suggests that the oxygenation may not only be a physiological regulatory factor but also a cell engineering tool in HSPC research, and this may have important translational and clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dewan Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Hematology Research Laboratory, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingjia Liu
- Department of Hematology, Hematology Research Laboratory, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Sichuan Cord Blood Stem Cell Bank, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangfang Wang
- Department of Hematology, Hematology Research Laboratory, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuyang Li
- Department of Hematology, Hematology Research Laboratory, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zeng
- Department of Hematology, Hematology Research Laboratory, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingcao Huang
- Department of Hematology, Hematology Research Laboratory, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Maowen Luo
- Sichuan Cord Blood Stem Cell Bank, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxian Li
- Sichuan Cord Blood Stem Cell Bank, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhuan Zheng
- Department of Hematology, Hematology Research Laboratory, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Hematology, Hematology Research Laboratory, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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Du J, Zhang P, Zhao H, Dong S, Yang Y, Cui J, Gao F, Cai J, Liu C. The mechanism for the radioprotective effects of zymosan-A in mice. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:2413-2421. [PMID: 29411511 PMCID: PMC5867165 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It proved that Zymosan-A protected the haematopoietic system from radiation-induced damage via Toll-Like Receptor2 in our previous study. In this study, we investigated the potential mechanism for the radioprotective effects of Zymosan-A. The mice were treated with Zymosan-A (50 mg/kg, dissolved in NS) via peritoneal injection 24 and 2 hours before ionizing radiation. Apoptosis of bone marrow cells and the levels of IL-6, IL-12, G-CSF and GM-CSF were evaluated by flow cytometry assay. DNA damage was determined by γ-H2AX foci assay. In addition, RNA sequencing was performed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Zymosan-A protected bone marrow cells from radiation-induced apoptosis, up-regulated IL-6, IL-12, G-CSF and GM-CSF in bone marrow cells. Zymosan-A also protected cells from radiation-induced DNA damage. Moreover, RNA sequencing analysis revealed that Zymosan-A induced 131 DEGs involved in the regulation of immune system process and inflammatory response. The DEGs were mainly clustered in 18 KEGG pathways which were also associated with immune system processes. Zymosan-A protected bone marrow cells from radiation-induced apoptosis and up-regulated IL-6, IL-12, G-CSF and GM-CSF. Moreover, Zymosan-A might also exhibit radioprotective effects through regulating immune system process and inflammatory response. These results provided new knowledge regarding the radioprotective effect of Zymosan-A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jicong Du
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei Zhang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hainan Zhao
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Suhe Dong
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyong Yang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianguo Cui
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fu Gao
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianming Cai
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Haider KH, Aziz S, Al-Reshidi MA. Endothelial progenitor cells for cellular angiogenesis and repair: lessons learned from experimental animal models. Regen Med 2017; 12:969-982. [PMID: 29215316 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2017-0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem/progenitor cell-based therapy has been extensively studied for angiomyogenic repair of the ischemic heart by regeneration of the damaged myocytes and neovascularization of the ischemic tissue through biological bypassing. Given their inherent ability to assume functionally competent endothelial phenotype and release of broad array of proangiogenic cytokines, endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs)-based therapy is deemed as most appropriate for vaculogenesis in the ischemic heart. Emulating the natural repair process that encompasses mobilization and homing-in of the bone marrow and peripheral blood EPCs, their reparability has been extensively studied in the animal models of myocardial ischemia with encouraging results. Our literature review is a compilation of the lessons learned from the use of EPCs in experimental animal models with emphasis on the in vitro manipulation and delivery strategies to enhance their retention, survival and functioning post-engraftment in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Salim Aziz
- Department of CV Surgery, George Washington University, 2440 M Street NW, Suite 505, Washington DC 20037, USA
| | - Mateq Ali Al-Reshidi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Sulaiman Al Rajhi Colleges, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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10
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Gupta P, Gayen M, Smith JT, Gaidamakova EK, Matrosova VY, Grichenko O, Knollmann-Ritschel B, Daly MJ, Kiang JG, Maheshwari RK. MDP: A Deinococcus Mn2+-Decapeptide Complex Protects Mice from Ionizing Radiation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160575. [PMID: 27500529 PMCID: PMC4976947 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The radioprotective capacity of a rationally-designed Mn2+-decapeptide complex (MDP), based on Mn antioxidants in the bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans, was investigated in a mouse model of radiation injury. MDP was previously reported to be extraordinarily radioprotective of proteins in the setting of vaccine development. The peptide-component (DEHGTAVMLK) of MDP applied here was selected from a group of synthetic peptides screened in vitro for their ability to protect cultured human cells and purified enzymes from extreme damage caused by ionizing radiation (IR). We show that the peptides accumulated in Jurkat T-cells and protected them from 100 Gy. MDP preserved the activity of T4 DNA ligase exposed to 60,000 Gy. In vivo, MDP was nontoxic and protected B6D2F1/J (female) mice from acute radiation syndrome. All irradiated mice treated with MDP survived exposure to 9.5 Gy (LD70/30) in comparison to the untreated mice, which displayed 63% lethality after 30 days. Our results show that MDP provides early protection of white blood cells, and attenuates IR-induced damage to bone marrow and hematopoietic stem cells via G-CSF and GM-CSF modulation. Moreover, MDP mediated the immunomodulation of several cytokine concentrations in serum including G-CSF, GM-CSF, IL-3 and IL-10 during early recovery. Our results present the necessary prelude for future efforts towards clinical application of MDP as a promising IR countermeasure. Further investigation of MDP as a pre-exposure prophylactic and post-exposure therapeutic in radiotherapy and radiation emergencies is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paridhi Gupta
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), School of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (PG); (MJD)
| | - Manoshi Gayen
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), School of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Biological Sciences Group, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Joan T. Smith
- Radiation Combined Injury Program, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute (AFRRI), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Elena K. Gaidamakova
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), School of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Vera Y. Matrosova
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), School of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Olga Grichenko
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), School of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Barbara Knollmann-Ritschel
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), School of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Daly
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), School of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (PG); (MJD)
| | - Juliann G. Kiang
- Radiation Combined Injury Program, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute (AFRRI), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Radha K. Maheshwari
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), School of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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Payuhakrit W, Panichakul T, Charoenphon N, Chalermsaenyakorn P, Jaovisidha A, Wongborisuth C, Udomsangpetch R. In vitro production of functional immune cells derived from human hematopoietic stem cells. EXCLI JOURNAL 2015; 14:1031-9. [PMID: 26933404 PMCID: PMC4763471 DOI: 10.17179/excli2015-506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) from cord blood are potentially high sources for transplantation due to their low immunogenicity and the presence of the multipotent cells. These cells are capable of differentiating to produce various lineages of blood cells under specific conditions. We have enriched highly purified CD34+ cells from cord blood, determined in vitro growth of the cells in culture systems in the absence (condition A) or presence of GM-CSF and G-CSF (condition B), and determined the profile of immune cells during the period of cultivation by using flow cytometry. PhytohemagglutininA (PHA) was used as a mitogen to stimulate T lymphocytes derived from hematopoietic stem cells. GM-CSF and G-CSF prolonged the survival of the growing cells and also maintained expansion of cells in blastic stage. By day 12 of cultivation, when cell numbers peaked, various types of immune cells had appeared (CD14+ cells, CD40+HLA-DR+ cells, CD3+CD56+ cells, CD19+ cells, CD3+CD4+ cells, CD3+CD8+cells and CD3-CD56+). A significantly higher percentage of monocytes (p = 0.002) were observed under culture with GM-CSF, G-CSF when compared with culture without GM-CSF, G-CSF. In addition, T lymphocytes derived from HSC responded to 50 µg/ml of PHA. This is the first report showing the complete differentiation and proliferation of immune cells derived from CD34+ HSC under in vitro culture conditions. Lymphocytes, monocytes, dendritic cells and polymorph nuclear cells derived from HSC in vitro are unique, and thus may benefit various studies such as innate immunity and pathophysiology of immune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Witchuda Payuhakrit
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Thailand
| | - Tasanee Panichakul
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Suan Dusit Rajabhat University, Thailand
| | | | | | - Adithep Jaovisidha
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand
| | - Chokdee Wongborisuth
- Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand
| | - Rachanee Udomsangpetch
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Thailand; Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Thailand; Center for Emerging and Neglected Infectious Diseases, Mahidol University, Thailand
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12
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An MTCH2 pathway repressing mitochondria metabolism regulates haematopoietic stem cell fate. Nat Commun 2015. [PMID: 26219591 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolic state of stem cells is emerging as an important determinant of their fate. In the bone marrow, haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) entry into cycle, triggered by an increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), corresponds to a critical metabolic switch from glycolysis to mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Here we show that loss of mitochondrial carrier homologue 2 (MTCH2) increases mitochondrial OXPHOS, triggering HSC and progenitor entry into cycle. Elevated OXPHOS is accompanied by an increase in mitochondrial size, increase in ATP and ROS levels, and protection from irradiation-induced apoptosis. In contrast, a phosphorylation-deficient mutant of BID, MTCH2's ligand, induces a similar increase in OXPHOS, but with higher ROS and reduced ATP levels, and is associated with hypersensitivity to irradiation. Thus, our results demonstrate that MTCH2 is a negative regulator of mitochondrial OXPHOS downstream of BID, indispensible in maintaining HSC homeostasis.
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13
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Li Y, Xing W, He YZ, Chen S, Rhodes SD, Yuan J, Zhou Y, Shi J, Bai J, Zhang FK, Yuan WP, Cheng T, Xu MJ, Yang FC. Interleukin 8/KC enhances G-CSF induced hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell mobilization in Fancg deficient mice. Stem Cell Investig 2014; 1:19. [PMID: 27358865 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2306-9759.2014.10.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fanconi anemia (FA) is a heterogeneous genetic disorder characterized by a progressive bone marrow aplasia, chromosomal instability, and acquisition of malignancies. Successful hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) for FA patients is challenging due to hypersensitivity to DNA alkylating agents and irradiation of FA patients. Early mobilization of autologous stem cells from the bone marrow has been thought to be ideal prior to the onset of bone marrow failure, which often occurs during childhood. However, the markedly decreased response of FA hematopoietic stem cells to granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is circumventive of this autologous HCT approach. To-date, the mechanism for defective stem cell mobilization in G-CSF treated FA patients remains unclear. METHODS Fancg heterozygous (Fancg (+/-)) mice utilized in these studies. Student's t-test and one-way ANOVA were used to evaluate statistical differences between WT and Fancg (-/-) cells. Statistical significance was defined as P values less than 0.05. RESULTS Fancg deficient (Fancg (-/-)) mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSPCs) produce significant lower levels of KC, an interleukin-8 (IL-8) related chemoattractant protein in rodents, as compared to wild type cells. Combinatorial administration of KC and G-CSF significantly increased the mobilization of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) in Fancg (-/-) mice. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our results suggest that KC/IL-8 could be proved useful in the synergistic mobilization of FA HSPCs in combination with G-CSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- 1 Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA ; 2 State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China ; 3 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Wen Xing
- 1 Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA ; 2 State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China ; 3 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Yong-Zheng He
- 1 Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA ; 2 State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China ; 3 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Shi Chen
- 1 Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA ; 2 State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China ; 3 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Steven D Rhodes
- 1 Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA ; 2 State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China ; 3 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jin Yuan
- 1 Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA ; 2 State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China ; 3 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Yuan Zhou
- 1 Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA ; 2 State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China ; 3 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jun Shi
- 1 Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA ; 2 State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China ; 3 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jie Bai
- 1 Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA ; 2 State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China ; 3 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Feng-Kui Zhang
- 1 Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA ; 2 State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China ; 3 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Wei-Ping Yuan
- 1 Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA ; 2 State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China ; 3 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Tao Cheng
- 1 Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA ; 2 State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China ; 3 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Ming-Jiang Xu
- 1 Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA ; 2 State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China ; 3 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Feng-Chun Yang
- 1 Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA ; 2 State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China ; 3 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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14
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Wadhwa M, Bird C, Dougall T, Rigsby P, Bristow A, Thorpe R. Establishment of the first international standard for PEGylated granulocyte colony stimulating factor (PEG-G-CSF): report of an international collaborative study. J Immunol Methods 2014; 416:17-28. [PMID: 25450254 PMCID: PMC4334095 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We assessed the feasibility of developing a suitable international reference standard for determination of in vitro biological activity of human sequence recombinant PEG-G-CSF products with a 20kD linear PEG linked to the N-terminal methionyl residue of G-CSF (INN Filgrastim), produced using a conjugation process and coupling chemistry similar to that employed for the lead PEGfilgrastim product. Based on initial data which showed that the current WHO 2nd international standard, IS for G-CSF (09/136) or alternatively, a PEG-G-CSF standard with a unitage traceable to the G-CSF IS may potentially serve as the IS for PEG-G-CSF products, two candidate preparations of PEG-G-CSF were formulated and lyophilized at NIBSC. These preparations were tested by 23 laboratories using in vitro bioassays in a multi-centre collaborative study. Results indicated that on the basis of parallelism, the current WHO 2nd IS for G-CSF or any of the PEG-G-CSF samples could be used as the international standard for PEG-G-CSF preparations. However, because of the variability in potency estimates seen when PEG-G-CSF preparations were compared with the current WHO 2nd IS for G-CSF, a candidate PEG-G-CSF was suitable as the WHO IS. The preparation 12/188 was judged suitable to serve as the WHO IS based on in vitro biological activity data. Therefore, the preparation coded 12/188 was established by the WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardization (ECBS) in 2013 as the WHO 1st IS for human PEGylated G-CSF with an assigned in vitro bioactivity of 10,000IU per ampoule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenu Wadhwa
- Biotherapeutics Group, NIBSC, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, UK.
| | - Chris Bird
- Biotherapeutics Group, NIBSC, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Thomas Dougall
- Technology Development and Infrastructure, NIBSC, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Peter Rigsby
- Technology Development and Infrastructure, NIBSC, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Adrian Bristow
- Biotherapeutics Group, NIBSC, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, UK; Technology Development and Infrastructure, NIBSC, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Robin Thorpe
- Biotherapeutics Group, NIBSC, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, UK
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15
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Ovarian cancer spheroid cells with stem cell-like properties contribute to tumor generation, metastasis and chemotherapy resistance through hypoxia-resistant metabolism. PLoS One 2014; 9:e84941. [PMID: 24409314 PMCID: PMC3883678 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells with sphere forming capacity, spheroid cells, are present in the malignant ascites of patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and represent a significant impediment to efficacious treatment due to their putative role in progression, metastasis and chemotherapy resistance. The exact mechanisms that underlie EOC metastasis and drug resistance are not clear. Understanding the biology of sphere forming cells may contribute to the identification of novel therapeutic opportunities for metastatic EOC. Here we generated spheroid cells from human ovarian cancer cell lines and primary ovarian cancer. Xenoengraftment of as few as 2000 dissociated spheroid cells into immune-deficient mice allowed full recapitulation of the original tumor, whereas >105 parent tumor cells remained non-tumorigenic. The spheroid cells were found to be enriched for cells with cancer stem cell-like characteristics such as upregulation of stem cell genes, self-renewal, high proliferative and differentiation potential, and high aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity. Furthermore, spheroid cells were more aggressive in growth, migration, invasion, scratch recovery, clonogenic survival, anchorage-independent growth, and more resistant to chemotherapy in vitro. 13C-glucose metabolic studies revealed that spheroid cells route glucose predominantly to anaerobic glycolysis and pentose cycle to the detriment of re-routing glucose for anabolic purposes. These metabolic properties of sphere forming cells appear to confer increased resistance to apoptosis and contribute to more aggressive tumor growth. Collectively, we demonstrated that spheroid cells with cancer stem cell-like characteristics contributed to tumor generation, progression and chemotherapy resistance. This study provides insight into the relationship between tumor dissemination and metabolic attributes of human cancer stem cells and has clinical implications for cancer therapy.
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16
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Gentry SN, Jackson TL. A mathematical model of cancer stem cell driven tumor initiation: implications of niche size and loss of homeostatic regulatory mechanisms. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71128. [PMID: 23990931 PMCID: PMC3747196 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hierarchical organized tissue structures, with stem cell driven cell differentiation, are critical to the homeostatic maintenance of most tissues, and this underlying cellular architecture is potentially a critical player in the development of a many cancers. Here, we develop a mathematical model of mutation acquisition to investigate how deregulation of the mechanisms preserving stem cell homeostasis contributes to tumor initiation. A novel feature of the model is the inclusion of both extrinsic and intrinsic chemical signaling and interaction with the niche to control stem cell self-renewal. We use the model to simulate the effects of a variety of types and sequences of mutations and then compare and contrast all mutation pathways in order to determine which ones generate cancer cells fastest. The model predicts that the sequence in which mutations occur significantly affects the pace of tumorigenesis. In addition, tumor composition varies for different mutation pathways, so that some sequences generate tumors that are dominated by cancerous cells with all possible mutations, while others are primarily comprised of cells that more closely resemble normal cells with only one or two mutations. We are also able to show that, under certain circumstances, healthy stem cells diminish due to the displacement by mutated cells that have a competitive advantage in the niche. Finally, in the event that all homeostatic regulation is lost, exponential growth of the cancer population occurs in addition to the depletion of normal cells. This model helps to advance our understanding of how mutation acquisition affects mechanisms that influence cell-fate decisions and leads to the initiation of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara N. Gentry
- Department of Mathematics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Trachette L. Jackson
- Department of Mathematics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
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17
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Bourdeau A, Trop S, Doody KM, Dumont DJ, Tremblay ML, Tremblayef ML. Inhibition of T cell protein tyrosine phosphatase enhances interleukin-18-dependent hematopoietic stem cell expansion. Stem Cells 2013; 31:293-304. [PMID: 23135963 PMCID: PMC3593175 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The clinical application of hematopoietic progenitor cell-based therapies for the treatment of hematological diseases is hindered by current protocols, which are cumbersome and have limited efficacy to augment the progenitor cell pool. We report that inhibition of T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TC-PTP), an enzyme involved in the regulation of cytokine signaling, through gene knockout results in a ninefold increase in the number of hematopoietic progenitors in murine bone marrow (BM). This effect could be reproduced using a short (48 hours) treatment with a pharmacological inhibitor of TC-PTP in murine BM, as well as in human BM, peripheral blood, and cord blood. We also demonstrate that the ex vivo use of TC-PTP inhibitor only provides a temporary effect on stem cells and did not alter their capacity to reconstitute all hematopoietic components in vivo. We establish that one of the mechanisms whereby inhibition of TC-PTP mediates its effects involves the interleukin-18 (IL-18) signaling pathway, leading to increased production of IL-12 and interferon-gamma by progenitor cells. Together, our results reveal a previously unrecognized role for IL-18 in contributing to the augmentation of the stem cell pool and provide a novel and simple method to rapidly expand progenitor cells from a variety of sources using a pharmacological compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Bourdeau
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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18
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Siniscalco D, Bradstreet JJ, Antonucci N. Therapeutic role of hematopoietic stem cells in autism spectrum disorder-related inflammation. Front Immunol 2013; 4:140. [PMID: 23772227 PMCID: PMC3677147 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are heterogeneous, severe neuro-developmental disorders with core symptoms of dysfunctions in social interactions and communication skills, restricted interests, repetitive – stereotypic verbal and non-verbal behaviors. Biomolecular evidence points to complex gene-environmental interactions in ASDs. Several biochemical processes are associated with ASDs: oxidative stress (including endoplasmic reticulum stress), decreased methylation capacity, limited production of glutathione; mitochondrial dysfunction, intestinal dysbiosis, increased toxic metal burden, and various immune abnormalities. The known immunological disorders include: T-lymphocyte populations and function, gene expression changes in monocytes, several autoimmune-related findings, high levels of N-acetylgalactosaminidase (which precludes macrophage activation), and primary immune deficiencies. These immunological observations may result in minicolumn structural changes in the brain, as well as, abnormal immune mediation of synaptic functions. Equally, these immune dysregulations serve as the rationale for immune-directed interventions such as hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which are pivotal in controlling chronic inflammation and in the restoration of immunological balance. These properties make them intriguing potential agents for ASD treatments. This prospective review will focus on the current state-of-the-art knowledge and challenges intrinsic in the application of HSCs for ASD-related immunological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Siniscalco
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Second University of Naples , Naples , Italy ; Centre for Autism - La Forza del Silenzio , Caserta , Italy ; Cancellautismo , Florence , Italy
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19
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Yu X, Gu Z, Wang Y, Wang H. New strategies in cord blood cells transplantation. Cell Biol Int 2013; 37:865-74. [PMID: 23589409 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
For patients lacking a human leucocyte antigen-matched donor, umbilical cord blood (UCB) is an ideal, alternative source of haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) for transplantation purposes. UCB has many advantages over bone marrow or peripheral blood taken from volunteer donors. UCB is also an important source of other stem cells, including endothelial progenitors, mesenchymal stem cells, very small embryonic/epiblast-like (VSEL) stem cells, and unrestricted somatic stem cells, which are potentially suitable for regenerative medicine. However, a significant clinical problem is that the number of HSCs in one cord-blood unit is not enough for an adult transplantation. The development of new approaches including use of multiple donors, ex vivo expansion, increasing efficiency of homing and engraftment, retrieving more cells from the placenta and cord blood is of crucial importance for the delayed engraftment after UCB transplantation. In the future, UCB will emerge as a source of cells for cellular therapies associated with tissue repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yu
- Blood Transfusion Research Institute, Wuxi Red Cross Blood Center, 109 Xinmin Road, Wuxi, 214021, China
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20
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Yu X, Miao J, Xia W, Gu ZJ. Preferential expansion of umbilical cord blood-derived CD34-positive cells on human leukemia inhibitory factor transgenic feeder cells cultured on regenerated silk fibroin film. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2013; 101:964-71. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.32903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Revised: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Trotta T, Di Gioia S, Piro D, Lepore S, Cantatore S, Porro C, Castellani S, Petrella A, Fortunato F, Maffione AB, Conese M. Effect of acute lung injury on VLA-4 and CXCR4 expression in resident and circulating hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 85:252-64. [PMID: 23018206 DOI: 10.1159/000341172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2011] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of acute lung injury on adhesion molecule expression in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) is poorly understood. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine whether there is a relationship -between pulmonary inflammation, expression of VLA-4 (CD49d), LFA-1 (CD11a), L-selectin (CD62L), CXCR4, and chemotaxis in resident HSPCs, as well as the level of circulating HSPCs. METHODS Following intratracheal administration of a single LPS bolus in C57Bl/6 mice, the number of inflammatory cells, differential counts, and amounts of cytokines/ chemokines were studied in cytospins and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) specimens. Expressions of adhesion -molecules and CXCR4 were analyzed in HSPCs by flow cytometry, as well as SDF-1-directed chemotaxis. Levels of HSPCs in the blood were studied in ungated and circulating subpopulations. RESULTS In coincidence with a peak of airway neutrophils, cytokine (IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6), chemokine (KC, MIP-2, and SDF-1) levels in BALF and the number of marrow HSPCs expressing CD49d and CXCR4 significantly increased at 48 h. The number of CD49d- and CXCR4-positive HSPCs dropped at 72 h. The HSPC subset comprising bigger cells behaved the same for CD49d. Chemotaxis of the marrow HSPC subset of bigger cells was higher in LPS-treated animals than in controls at 72 h. Finally, we could detect a significant decrease in circulating Sca-1(+) cells in the mononuclear population at 72 h in LPS-treated mice. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide evidence for a temporal relationship between pulmonary inflammation, CD49d and CXCR4 expression fluctuation in resident HSPCs, and the level of circulating HSPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Trotta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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22
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Nakamura Y, Asakura Y, Piras BA, Hirai H, Tastad CT, Verma M, Christ AJ, Zhang J, Yamazaki T, Yoshiyama M, Asakura A. Increased angiogenesis and improved left ventricular function after transplantation of myoblasts lacking the MyoD gene into infarcted myocardium. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41736. [PMID: 22848585 PMCID: PMC3404994 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal myoblast transplantation has therapeutic potential for repairing damaged heart. However, the optimal conditions for this transplantation are still unclear. Recently, we demonstrated that satellite cell-derived myoblasts lacking the MyoD gene (MyoD(-/-)), a master transcription factor for skeletal muscle myogenesis, display increased survival and engraftment compared to wild-type controls following transplantation into murine skeletal muscle. In this study, we compare cell survival between wild-type and MyoD(-/-) myoblasts after transplantation into infarcted heart. We demonstrate that MyoD(-/-) myoblasts display greater resistance to hypoxia, engraft with higher efficacy, and show a larger improvement in ejection fraction than wild-type controls. Following transplantation, the majority of MyoD(-/-) and wild-type myoblasts form skeletal muscle fibers while cardiomyocytes do not. Importantly, the transplantation of MyoD(-/-) myoblasts induces a high degree of angiogenesis in the area of injury. DNA microarray data demonstrate that paracrine angiogenic factors, such as stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) and placental growth factor (PlGF), are up-regulated in MyoD(-/-) myoblasts. In addition, over-expression and gene knockdown experiments demonstrate that MyoD negatively regulates gene expression of these angiogenic factors. These results indicate that MyoD(-/-) myoblasts impart beneficial effects after transplantation into an infarcted heart, potentially due to the secretion of paracrine angiogenic factors and enhanced angiogenesis in the area of injury. Therefore, our data provide evidence that a genetically engineered myoblast cell type with suppressed MyoD function is useful for therapeutic stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Nakamura
- Cardiovascular Division Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Osaka City University Medical School, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoko Asakura
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Paul and Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Bryan A. Piras
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Paul and Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Hiroyuki Hirai
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Paul and Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Christopher T. Tastad
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Paul and Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Mayank Verma
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Paul and Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Amanda J. Christ
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Paul and Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Jianyi Zhang
- Cardiovascular Division Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Takanori Yamazaki
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Osaka City University Medical School, Osaka, Japan
| | - Minoru Yoshiyama
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Osaka City University Medical School, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Asakura
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Paul and Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
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Tursky ML, Collier FM, Ward AC, Kirkland MA. Systematic investigation of oxygen and growth factors in clinically valid ex vivo expansion of cord blood CD34(+) hematopoietic progenitor cells. Cytotherapy 2012; 14:679-85. [PMID: 22424214 DOI: 10.3109/14653249.2012.666851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Cord blood is considered to be a superior source of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells for transplantation, but clinical use is limited primarily because of the low numbers of cells harvested. Ex vivo expansion has the potential to provide a safe, effective means of increasing cell numbers. However, an absence of consensus regarding optimum expansion conditions prevents standard implementation. Many studies lack clinical applicability, or have failed to investigate the combinational effects of different parameters. METHODS This is the first study to characterize systematically the effect of growth factor combinations across multiple oxygen levels on the ex vivo expansion of cord blood CD34(+) hematopoietic cells utilizing clinically approvable reagents and methodologies throughout. RESULTS Optimal fold expansion, as assessed both phenotypically and functionally, was greatest with thrombopoietin, stem cell factor, Flt-3 ligand and interleukin-6 at an oxygen level of 10%. With these conditions, serial expansion showed continual target population expansion and consistently higher expression levels of self-renewal associated genes. CONCLUSIONS This study has identified optimized fold expansion conditions, with the potential for direct clinical translation to increase transplantable cell dose and as a baseline methodology against which future factors can be tested.
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Bujdosó L, Budán F, Varjas T, Szabó L, Csejtei A, Iványi J, Huszár A, Arany I, Kiss I, Ember I. Herbal compounds increased the level of CD34 positive cells in peripheral blood — An experimental work. ACTA ALIMENTARIA 2012. [DOI: 10.1556/aalim.2011.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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25
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Delayed granulocyte colony-stimulating factor treatment promotes functional recovery in rats with severe contusive spinal cord injury. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2012; 37:10-7. [PMID: 22024901 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0b013e31823b0440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN We used a severe contusive spinal cord injury (SCI) model and electrophysiologic, motor functional, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopic examinations to analyze the neuroprotective effects of delayed granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) treatment. OBJECTIVE To determine the neuroprotective effects of delayed G-CSF treatment using multimodality evaluations after severe contusive SCI in rats. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Despite some reports that G-CSF treatment in the acute stage of different central nervous system injury models was neuroprotective, it has not been determined whether delayed G-CSF treatment can promote neural recovery in severe contusive SCI. METHODS Rats with severe contusive SCI were divided into 2 groups: G-CSF group rats were given serial subcutaneous injections of G-CSF, and control group rats (controls) were given only saline injections on postcontusion days 9 to 13. Using the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan scale and cortical somatosensory evoked potentials, we recorded functional evaluations weekly. The spinal cords were harvested for protein and immunohistochemical analysis, and for electron microscopy examination. RESULTS The preserved spinal cord area was larger in G-CSF group rats than in control group rats. Both sensory and motor functions improved after G-CSF treatment. Detachment and disruption of the myelin sheets in the myelinated axons were significantly decreased, and axons sprouted and regenerated. There were fewer microglia and macrophages in the G-CSF group than in the control group. The levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor were comparable between the 2 groups. CONCLUSION Delayed G-CSF treatment at the subacute stage of severe contusive SCI promoted spinal cord preservation and improved functional outcomes. The mechanism of G-CSF's protection may be related in part to attenuating the infiltration of microglia and macrophages.
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26
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Bouchez LC, Boitano AE, de Lichtervelde L, Romeo R, Cooke MP, Schultz PG. Small-molecule regulators of human stem cell self-renewal. Chembiochem 2011; 12:854-7. [PMID: 21381174 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201000734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2010] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laure C Bouchez
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA-92037, (USA)
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27
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Barshishat-Kupper M, Mungunsukh O, Tipton AJ, McCart EA, Panganiban RA, Davis TA, Landauer MR, Day RM. Captopril modulates hypoxia-inducible factors and erythropoietin responses in a murine model of total body irradiation. Exp Hematol 2011; 39:293-304. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2010.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2010] [Revised: 11/04/2010] [Accepted: 12/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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28
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VEGF and FGF prime vascular tube morphogenesis and sprouting directed by hematopoietic stem cell cytokines. Blood 2011; 117:3709-19. [PMID: 21239704 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-11-316752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we demonstrate a novel, direct-acting, and synergistic role for 3 hematopoietic stem cell cytokines: stem cell factor, interleukin-3, and stromal derived factor-1α, in controlling human endothelial cell (EC) tube morphogenesis, sprouting, and pericyte-induced tube maturation under defined serum-free conditions in 3-dimensional matrices. Angiogenic cytokines such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) alone or VEGF/FGF combinations do not support these responses. In contrast, VEGF and FGF prime EC responses to hematopoietic cytokines via up-regulation of c-Kit, IL-3Rα, and C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 from either human ECs or embryonic quail vessel explants. In support of these findings, EC Runx1 is demonstrated to be critical in coordinating vascular morphogenic responses by controlling hematopoietic cytokine receptor expression. Combined blockade of hematopoietic cytokines or their receptors in vivo leads to blockade of developmental vascularization in quail embryos manifested by vascular hemorrhage and disrupted vascular remodeling events in multiple tissue beds. This work demonstrates a unique role for hematopoietic stem cell cytokines in vascular tube morphogenesis and sprouting and further demonstrates a novel upstream priming role for VEGF and FGF to facilitate the action of promorphogenic hematopoietic cytokines.
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Abstract
Secreted protein growth factors that stimulate the self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation of the most primitive stem cells are among the most biologically interesting molecules and at least theoretically have diverse applications in the evolving field of regenerative medicine. Among this class of regulators, the early-acting hematopoietic growth factors and their cellular targets are perhaps the best characterized and serve as a paradigm for manipulating other stem cell based tissues. This chapter reviews the preclinical knowledge accumulated over ~40 years, since the discovery of the first such growth factor, and the clinical applications of those that, upon testing in humans, ultimately gained regulatory approval for the treatment of various hematological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Szilvassy
- Hematology/Oncology Research Therapeutic Area, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA.
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30
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Rodríguez-Cortés O, Vela-Ojeda J, López-Santiago R, Montiel-Cervantes L, Reyes-Maldonado E, Estrada-García I, Moreno-Lafont MC. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor produces a decrease in IFNγ and increase in IL-4 when administrated to healthy donors. J Clin Apher 2010; 25:181-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jca.20234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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31
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Mikirova NA, Jackson JA, Hunninghake R, Kenyon J, Chan KWH, Swindlehurst CA, Minev B, Patel AN, Murphy MP, Smith L, Ramos F, Ichim TE, Riordan NH. Nutraceutical augmentation of circulating endothelial progenitor cells and hematopoietic stem cells in human subjects. J Transl Med 2010; 8:34. [PMID: 20377846 PMCID: PMC2862021 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-8-34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2010] [Accepted: 04/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The medical significance of circulating endothelial or hematopoietic progenitors is becoming increasing recognized. While therapeutic augmentation of circulating progenitor cells using G-CSF has resulted in promising preclinical and early clinical data for several degenerative conditions, this approach is limited by cost and inability to perform chronic administration. Stem-Kine is a food supplement that was previously reported to augment circulating EPC in a pilot study. Here we report a trial in 18 healthy volunteers administered Stem-Kine twice daily for a 2 week period. Significant increases in circulating CD133 and CD34 cells were observed at days 1, 2, 7, and 14 subsequent to initiation of administration, which correlated with increased hematopoietic progenitors as detected by the HALO assay. Augmentation of EPC numbers in circulation was detected by KDR-1/CD34 staining and colony forming assays. These data suggest Stem-Kine supplementation may be useful as a stimulator of reparative processes associated with mobilization of hematopoietic and endothelial progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina A Mikirova
- Bio-Communications Research Institute, Wichita, Kansas, USA
- Aidan Products, Chandler, Arizona, USA
| | - James A Jackson
- The Center For The Improvement Of Human Functioning International, Wichita, Kansas, USA
- Aidan Products, Chandler, Arizona, USA
| | - Ron Hunninghake
- The Center For The Improvement Of Human Functioning International, Wichita, Kansas, USA
- Aidan Products, Chandler, Arizona, USA
| | - Julian Kenyon
- The Dove Clinic for Integrated Medicine, Hampshire, UK
- Aidan Products, Chandler, Arizona, USA
| | - Kyle WH Chan
- Biotheryx Inc, San Diego, California, USA
- Aidan Products, Chandler, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Boris Minev
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego and Division of Neurosurgery, University of California San Diego, California, USA
- Aidan Products, Chandler, Arizona, USA
| | - Amit N Patel
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Aidan Products, Chandler, Arizona, USA
| | - Michael P Murphy
- Division of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA
- Aidan Products, Chandler, Arizona, USA
| | - Leonard Smith
- Medistem Inc, San Diego, California, USA
- Aidan Products, Chandler, Arizona, USA
| | - Famela Ramos
- Medistem Inc, San Diego, California, USA
- Aidan Products, Chandler, Arizona, USA
| | - Thomas E Ichim
- Medistem Inc, San Diego, California, USA
- Aidan Products, Chandler, Arizona, USA
| | - Neil H Riordan
- Bio-Communications Research Institute, Wichita, Kansas, USA
- Medistem Inc, San Diego, California, USA
- Georgetown Dermatology, Washington, DC, USA
- Aidan Products, Chandler, Arizona, USA
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32
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Ivanovic Z, Boiron JM. [Ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic stem cells: concept and clinical benefit]. Transfus Clin Biol 2009; 16:489-500. [PMID: 19932632 DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2009.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2009] [Accepted: 10/13/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A new discipline was born and grew up over the last 4 decades of 20th century: Experimental Hematology. In addition to yield the concept of Stemness, a paradigm later applied for the other tissues than hematopoietic one, it provided the results allowing a preclinical development and a therapeutic exploitation. The concept of ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic cells for transplantation is directly issued from this knowledge. It enabled us to realize that a critical quantity of different sub-populations of stem and progenitor cells are necessary to obtain a rapid and sustained hematopoietic reconstitution. These principles, transposed to human cells (originating from: bone marrow, peripheral blood, cord blood) required some important technological innovations (conception of the specific media, recombinant technology of cytokine production...), to achieve, after several attempts, the first efficient clinical trials (at the moment for cells mobilized in peripheral blood). This goal remains to be achieved for cord blood cells too. The developments in this field as well as its actual state are the subjects of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Ivanovic
- Etablissement français du Sang-Aquitaine-limousin, place Amélie-Raba-Léon, BP24, 33035 Bordeaux cedex, France
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33
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Cytokine-based log-scale expansion of functional murine dendritic cells. PLoS One 2009; 4:e6674. [PMID: 19688095 PMCID: PMC2723913 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2009] [Accepted: 07/21/2009] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Limitations of the clinical efficacy of dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapy, as well as difficulties in their industrial production, are largely related to the limited number of autologous DCs from each patient. We here established a possible breakthrough, a simple and cytokine-based culture method to realize a log-scale order of functional murine DCs (>1,000-fold), which cells were used as a model before moving to human studies. Methodology/Principal Findings Floating cultivation of lineage-negative hematopoietic progenitors from bone marrow in an optimized cytokine cocktail (FLT3-L, IL-3, IL-6, and SCF) led to a stable log-scale proliferation of these cells, and a subsequent differentiation study using IL-4/GM-CSF revealed that 3-weeks of expansion was optimal to produce CD11b+/CD11c+ DC-like cells. The expanded DCs had typical features of conventional myeloid DCs in vitro and in vivo, including identical efficacy as tumor vaccines. Conclusions/Significance The concept of DC expansion should make a significant contribution to the progress of DC-based immunotherapy.
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34
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Makowska JS, Cieslak M, Kowalski ML. Stem cell factor and its soluble receptor (c-kit) in serum of asthmatic patients- correlation with disease severity. BMC Pulm Med 2009; 9:27. [PMID: 19480722 PMCID: PMC2701918 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2466-9-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2008] [Accepted: 06/01/2009] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background SCF (stem cell factor) is a pleiotropic cytokine exerting its role at different stages of bone marrow development and affecting eosinophil activation, mast cells and basophil chemotaxis and survival. The aim of the study was to assess concentration of SCF and its soluble receptor c-kit (sc-kit) in peripheral blood of patients with asthma referring it to asthma severity and phenotype. Methods The study involved 107 patients with bronchial asthma, well characterized with respect to severity and 21 healthy controls. Concentration of SCF and sc-kit in the patients serum were measured by ELISA method. Results Mean serum SCF level in the group of asthmatics (n = 88) was significantly higher as compared to healthy controls (1010 pg/ml ± 37 vs 799 ± 33; p < 0,001). The level of SCF was higher in patients with severe asthma as compared to patients with non-severe asthma (1054 +/- 41 pg/ml vs 819 +/- 50; p < 0,01) and correlated with dose of inhaled glucocorticosteroids taken by the patients to achieve asthma control (R = 0,28; p < 0,01). The mean sc-kit serum level did not differ between asthmatic patients and healthy controls, however the level of sc-kit in non-severe asthmatics was significantly higher as compared to patients with severe asthma and healthy controls. In asthmatic patients (n = 63) the level of sc-kit correlated positively with FEV1% predicted value (R = 0,45; p < 0,001) and MEF25% predicted value (R = 0,33; p < 0,01). The level of sc-kit inversely correlated with the dose of inhaled glucocorticosteroids taken by the patients (R = -0,26; p < 0,01). Conclusion Serum levels of SCF and its soluble receptor c-kit seem to be reflect asthma severity suggesting a role for these molecules in asthmatic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna S Makowska
- Department of Immunology, Rheumatology and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
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35
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Lemieux C, Cloutier I, Tanguay JF. Estrogen-induced gene expression in bone marrow c-kit+ stem cells and stromal cells: identification of specific biological processes involved in the functional organization of the stem cell niche. Stem Cells Dev 2009; 17:1153-63. [PMID: 19006456 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2007.0251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent interest in the role of bone marrow (BM)-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and the benefits of estrogen on cardiovascular health brought us to evaluate if estrogen could affect cardiac repair more broadly by regulating biological processes involved in the functional organization of the BM stem cell (SC) niche. To assess such possibility, we evaluated gene expression profiles of BM c-kit+ SCs and CD44+ stromal cells (StroCs) after exposure to a physiological concentration of 17beta-estradiol (17betaE). Data analysis showed that 17betaE altered the expression (>1.5 fold) of 509 and 682 gene probes in c-kit+ SCs and CD44+ StroCs, respectively. Among them, 199 genes in c-kit+ SCs and 283 in CD44+ StroCs were associated to biological process categories of the Gene Ontology classification. Within processes highly regulated by 17betaE, we identified key factors involved in adhesion, migration, proteolysis, and signaling by which 17betaE influences physiological regulation of the functional organization of the SC niche. Together, our results demonstrate that estrogen benefits on cardiovascular health could involve other BM-derived cells than EPCs and that this capacity of estrogen to influence the physiology of the BM SC niche deserves to be investigated clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Lemieux
- Centre de Recherche, Institut de Cardiologie de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
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36
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Hayashi N, Takahashi K, Abe Y, Kashiwakura I. Placental/umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cell-like stromal cells support hematopoietic recovery of X-irradiated human CD34+ cells. Life Sci 2009; 84:598-605. [PMID: 19302805 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2009.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2008] [Revised: 01/20/2009] [Accepted: 02/03/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The potential of human mesenchymal stem cell-like stroma prepared from placental/umbilical cord blood for hematopoietic regeneration by X-irradiated hematopoietic stem cells is herein assessed. MAIN METHODS Placental/umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cell-like stromal cells were applied to a regenerative ex vivo expansion of X-irradiated human CD34(+) cells in a serum-free liquid culture supplemented with a combination of interleukine-3 plus stem cell factor plus thrombopoietin. KEY FINDINGS The total number of cells and of lineage-committed myeloid hematopoietic progenitor cells generated in the co-culture of both non-irradiated and X-irradiated cells with stromal cells was significantly higher than those in the stroma-free culture. In addition, the number of CD34(+) cells and CD34(+)/CD38(-) cells, immature hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells also increased more than the stroma-free culture. The stromal cells produced various types of cytokines, although there was little difference between the co-cultures of non-irradiated and X-irradiated cells with stromal cells. Furthermore, when X-irradiated cells came in contact with stromal cells for 16 h before cytokine stimulation, a similar degree of hematopoiesis was observed, thus suggesting the critical role of cell-to-cell interaction. SIGNIFICANCE The present results showed the potential efficacy of human mesenchymal stem cell-like stroma for hematopoietic regeneration from irradiated hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Hayashi
- Department of Radiological Life Sciences, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
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Zhang S, Balch C, Chan MW, Lai HC, Matei D, Schilder JM, Yan PS, Huang THM, Nephew KP. Identification and characterization of ovarian cancer-initiating cells from primary human tumors. Cancer Res 2008; 68:4311-20. [PMID: 18519691 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-0364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 979] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to identify and characterize a self-renewing subpopulation of human ovarian tumor cells (ovarian cancer-initiating cells, OCICs) fully capable of serial propagation of their original tumor phenotype in animals. Ovarian serous adenocarcinomas were disaggregated and subjected to growth conditions selective for self-renewing, nonadherent spheroids previously shown to derive from tissue stem cells. To affirm the existence of OCICs, xenoengraftment of as few as 100 dissociated spheroid cells allowed full recapitulation of the original tumor (grade 2/grade 3 serous adenocarcinoma), whereas >10(5) unselected cells remained nontumorigenic. Stemness properties of OCICs (under stem cell-selective conditions) were further established by cell proliferation assays and reverse transcription-PCR, demonstrating enhanced chemoresistance to the ovarian cancer chemotherapeutics cisplatin or paclitaxel and up-regulation of stem cell markers (Bmi-1, stem cell factor, Notch-1, Nanog, nestin, ABCG2, and Oct-4) compared with parental tumor cells or OCICs under differentiating conditions. To identify an OCIC cell surface phenotype, spheroid immunostaining showed significant up-regulation of the hyaluronate receptor CD44 and stem cell factor receptor CD117 (c-kit), a tyrosine kinase oncoprotein. Similar to sphere-forming OCICs, injection of only 100 CD44(+)CD117(+) cells could also serially propagate their original tumors, whereas 10(5) CD44(-)CD117(-) cells remained nontumorigenic. Based on these findings, we assert that epithelial ovarian cancers derive from a subpopulation of CD44(+)CD117(+) cells, thus representing a possible therapeutic target for this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Zhang
- Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
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AMD3100 synergizes with G-CSF to mobilize repopulating stem cells in Fanconi anemia knockout mice. Exp Hematol 2008; 36:1084-90. [PMID: 18495331 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2008.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2008] [Revised: 03/18/2008] [Accepted: 03/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a heterogeneous inherited disorder characterized by a progressive bone marrow (BM) failure and susceptibility to myeloid leukemia. Genetic correction using gene-transfer technology is one potential therapy. A major hurdle in applying this technology in FA patients is the inability of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) to mobilize sufficient numbers of hematopoietic stem (HSC)/progenitor cells (HPC) from the BM to the peripheral blood. Whether the low number of CD34(+) cells is a result of BM hypoplasia or an inability of G-CSF to adequately mobilize FA HSC/HPC remains incompletely understood. Here we use competitive repopulation of lethally irradiated primary and secondary recipients to show that in two murine models of FA, AMD3100 synergizes with G-CSF resulting in a mobilization of HSC, whereas G-CSF alone fails to mobilize stem cells even in the absence of hypoplasia.
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Abstract
This review highlights major scientific developments over the past 50 years or so in concepts related to stem-cell ecology and to stem cells in motion. Many thorough and eloquent reviews have been presented in the last 5 years updating progress in these issues. Some paradigms have been challenged, others validated, or new ones brought to light. In the present review, we will confine our remarks to the historical development of progress. In doing so, we will refrain from a detailed analysis of controversial data, emphasizing instead widely accepted views and some challenging novel ones.
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Ex vivo expansions of megakaryocytopoiesis from placental and umbilical cord blood CD34(+) cells in serum-free culture supplemented with proteoglycans extracted from the nasal cartilage of salmon heads and the nasal septum cartilage of whale. Life Sci 2008; 82:1023-31. [PMID: 18407295 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2008.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2007] [Revised: 01/22/2008] [Accepted: 03/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
As a possible approach to the treatment of thrombopocytopenia, the ex vivo expansion of megakaryocytic progenitor cells may be a useful tool to accelerate platelet recovery in vivo. Our objective was to assess the promoting effect of proteoglycans in a serum-free culture condition using human cord blood CD34(+) cells. Highly purified proteoglycan (PG) extracted from the nasal cartilage of salmon heads and the nasal septum cartilage of a whale were applied to the ex vivo expansion of megakaryocytopoiesis and thrombopoiesis from placental and umbilical cord blood CD34(+) cells in serum-free cultures stimulated with a combination of thrombopoietin (TPO) and interleukin-3 (IL-3). Each PG (0.5 and 5 mug) was applied to the culture with three different concentrations of TPO (50, 5 and 0.5 ng/ml) and IL-3 (100, 10 and 1 ng/ml). Both of the PGs showed no promoting effects on the mononuclear cell proliferation rate in any of the cultures. However, the whale-PG promoted the generation of megakaryocytic progenitor cells and megakaryocytes in the culture with a lower dose of cytokines, respectively. In addition, whale-PG led to a significant increase in CD42a(+) particles which seemed to be platelets. While the salmon-PG failed to promote such production in almost all of the cultures. Although whale-PG is an attractive molecule for the ex vivo expansion of human megakaryocytopoiesis, its action may depend on the glycosaminoglycans sulfation pattern and the ability of the binding affinity and the kinetics to interact with the cytokines and hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells.
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