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Carnie CJ, Götz MJ, Palma-Chaundler CS, Weickert P, Wanders A, Serrano-Benitez A, Li HY, Gupta V, Awwad SW, Blum CJ, Sczaniecka-Clift M, Cordes J, Zagnoli-Vieira G, D'Alessandro G, Richards SL, Gueorguieva N, Lam S, Beli P, Stingele J, Jackson SP. Decitabine cytotoxicity is promoted by dCMP deaminase DCTD and mitigated by SUMO-dependent E3 ligase TOPORS. EMBO J 2024; 43:2397-2423. [PMID: 38760575 PMCID: PMC11183266 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00108-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The nucleoside analogue decitabine (or 5-aza-dC) is used to treat several haematological cancers. Upon its triphosphorylation and incorporation into DNA, 5-aza-dC induces covalent DNA methyltransferase 1 DNA-protein crosslinks (DNMT1-DPCs), leading to DNA hypomethylation. However, 5-aza-dC's clinical outcomes vary, and relapse is common. Using genome-scale CRISPR/Cas9 screens, we map factors determining 5-aza-dC sensitivity. Unexpectedly, we find that loss of the dCMP deaminase DCTD causes 5-aza-dC resistance, suggesting that 5-aza-dUMP generation is cytotoxic. Combining results from a subsequent genetic screen in DCTD-deficient cells with the identification of the DNMT1-DPC-proximal proteome, we uncover the ubiquitin and SUMO1 E3 ligase, TOPORS, as a new DPC repair factor. TOPORS is recruited to SUMOylated DNMT1-DPCs and promotes their degradation. Our study suggests that 5-aza-dC-induced DPCs cause cytotoxicity when DPC repair is compromised, while cytotoxicity in wild-type cells arises from perturbed nucleotide metabolism, potentially laying the foundations for future identification of predictive biomarkers for decitabine treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Carnie
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Maximilian J Götz
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Pedro Weickert
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Amy Wanders
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Almudena Serrano-Benitez
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hao-Yi Li
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Vipul Gupta
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Samah W Awwad
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Jacqueline Cordes
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Guido Zagnoli-Vieira
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Giuseppina D'Alessandro
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sean L Richards
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nadia Gueorguieva
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Simon Lam
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Petra Beli
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Neurobiology (IDN), Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, Germany
| | - Julian Stingele
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
| | - Stephen P Jackson
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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Missong H, Joshi R, Khullar N, Thareja S, Navik U, Bhatti GK, Bhatti JS. Nutrient-epigenome interactions: Implications for personalized nutrition against aging-associated diseases. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 127:109592. [PMID: 38325612 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Aging is a multifaceted process involving genetic and environmental interactions often resulting in epigenetic changes, potentially leading to aging-related diseases. Various strategies, like dietary interventions and calorie restrictions, have been employed to modify these epigenetic landscapes. A burgeoning field of interest focuses on the role of microbiota in human health, emphasizing system biology and computational approaches. These methods help decipher the intricate interplay between diet and gut microbiota, facilitating the creation of personalized nutrition strategies. In this review, we analysed the mechanisms related to nutritional interventions while highlighting the influence of dietary strategies, like calorie restriction and intermittent fasting, on microbial composition and function. We explore how gut microbiota affects the efficacy of interventions using tools like multi-omics data integration, network analysis, and machine learning. These tools enable us to pinpoint critical regulatory elements and generate individualized models for dietary responses. Lastly, we emphasize the need for a deeper comprehension of nutrient-epigenome interactions and the potential of personalized nutrition informed by individual genetic and epigenetic profiles. As knowledge and technology advance, dietary epigenetics stands on the cusp of reshaping our strategy against aging and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemi Missong
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Riya Joshi
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Naina Khullar
- Department of Zoology, Mata Gujri College, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, India
| | - Suresh Thareja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Umashanker Navik
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Gurjit Kaur Bhatti
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, University Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India.
| | - Jasvinder Singh Bhatti
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India.
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Liu Y, Wu J, Chen L, Zou J, Yang Q, Tian H, Zheng D, Ji Z, Cai J, Li Z, Chen Y. ncRNAs-mediated overexpression of TET3 predicts unfavorable prognosis and correlates with immunotherapy efficacy in breast cancer. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24855. [PMID: 38318018 PMCID: PMC10838756 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequent form of cancer in women and the primary cause of cancer-related deaths globally. DNA methylation and demethylation are important processes in human tumorigenesis. Ten-eleven translocation 3 (TET3) is a DNA demethylase. Prior research has demonstrated that TET3 is highly expressed in various human malignant tumors. However, the exact function and mechanism of TET3 in breast cancer remain unclear. In this study, we investigated TET3 expression in breast cancer and its correlation with clinicopathological characteristics of breast cancer patients. The results presented that TET3 expression was significantly increased in breast cancer and associated with the PAM50 subtype. Subsequently, we performed receiver operating characteristic, survival, and Cox hazard regression analyses. These results suggest that TET3 expression is associated with a poor prognosis and may be an indirect independent prognostic indicator in breast cancer. We also established a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of TET3 and executed enrichment analyses of TET3 co-expressed genes, revealing their primary association with the cell cycle. Moreover, we identified noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) contributing to TET3 overexpression using expression, correlation, and survival analyses. We identified the LINC01521/hsa-miR-29a-3p axis as the primary TET3 upstream ncRNA-related pathway in breast cancer. Furthermore, TET3 expression was positively associated with immune cell infiltration, immune cell biomarkers, and eight immune checkpoint gene expressions in breast cancer. TET3 expression also correlated with patient responses to immunotherapy. Finally, we conducted subcellular localization and immunohistochemical staining analysis of TET3 in breast cancer. We found that TET3 localized to the nucleoplasm, vesicles, and cytosol in the MCF-7 cell line, and TET3 expression was significantly upregulated in breast cancer tissues compared to para-tumor tissues. Our findings indicate that ncRNA-mediated overexpression of TET3 predicts an unfavorable prognosis and correlates with immunotherapy efficacy in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Juan Zou
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Hernia Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiuping Yang
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Hernia Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huiting Tian
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Hernia Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Daitian Zheng
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Hernia Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zeqi Ji
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Hernia Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiehui Cai
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Hernia Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiyang Li
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Hernia Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yexi Chen
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Hernia Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
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Swarnkar G, Semenkovich NP, Arra M, Mims DK, Naqvi SK, Peterson T, Mbalaviele G, Wu CL, Abu-Amer Y. DNA hypomethylation ameliorates erosive inflammatory arthritis by modulating interferon regulatory factor-8. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2310264121. [PMID: 38319963 PMCID: PMC10873594 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2310264121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases such as inflammatory arthritis. DNA hypomethylating agents, such as decitabine (DAC), have been shown to dampen inflammation and restore immune homeostasis. In the present study, we demonstrate that DAC elicits potent anti-inflammatory effects and attenuates disease symptoms in several animal models of arthritis. Transcriptomic and epigenomic profiling show that DAC-mediated hypomethylation regulates a wide range of cell types in arthritis, altering the differentiation trajectories of anti-inflammatory macrophage populations, regulatory T cells, and tissue-protective synovial fibroblasts (SFs). Mechanistically, DAC-mediated demethylation of intragenic 5'-Cytosine phosphate Guanine-3' (CpG) islands of the transcription factor Irf8 (interferon regulatory factor 8) induced its re-expression and promoted its repressor activity. As a result, DAC restored joint homeostasis by resetting the transcriptomic signature of negative regulators of inflammation in synovial macrophages (MerTK, Trem2, and Cx3cr1), TREGs (Foxp3), and SFs (Pdpn and Fapα). In conclusion, we found that Irf8 is necessary for the inhibitory effect of DAC in murine arthritis and that direct expression of Irf8 is sufficient to significantly mitigate arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Swarnkar
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63110
| | | | - Manoj Arra
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63110
| | - Dorothy K. Mims
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63110
| | - Syeda Kanwal Naqvi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63110
| | - Timothy Peterson
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63110
- HealthSpan Technologies, Inc, St. Louis, MO63110
| | - Gabriel Mbalaviele
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63110
| | - Chia-Lung Wu
- Department of Orthopedics and Physical Performance, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY14642
| | - Yousef Abu-Amer
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63110
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63110
- Shriners Hospital for Children, St. Louis, MO63110
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5
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Ghosh A, Himaja A, Biswas S, Kulkarni O, Ghosh B. Advances in the Delivery and Development of Epigenetic Therapeutics for the Treatment of Cancer. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:5981-6009. [PMID: 37899551 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Gene expression at the transcriptional level is altered by epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation, histone methylation, and acetylation, which can upregulate, downregulate, or entirely silence genes. Pathological dysregulation of epigenetic processes can result in the development of cancer, neurological problems, metabolic disorders, and cardiovascular diseases. It is of promising therapeutic interest to find medications that target these epigenetic alterations. Despite the enormous amount of work that has been done in this area, very few molecules have been approved for clinical purposes. This article provides a comprehensive review of recent advances in epigenetic therapeutics for cancer, with a specific focus on emerging delivery and development strategies. Various delivery systems, including pro-drugs, conjugated molecules, nanoparticles (NPs), and liposomes, as well as remedial strategies such as combination therapies, and epigenetic editing, are being investigated to improve the efficacy and specificity of epigenetic drugs (epi-drugs). Furthermore, the challenges associated with available epi-drugs and the limitations of their translation into clinics have been discussed. Target selection, isoform selectivity, physiochemical properties of synthesized molecules, drug screening, and scalability of epi-drugs from preclinical to clinical fields are the major shortcomings that are addressed. This Review discusses novel strategies for the identification of new biomarkers, exploration of the medicinal chemistry of epigenetic modifiers, optimization of the dosage regimen, and design of proper clinical trials that will lead to better utilization of epigenetic modifiers over conventional therapies. The integration of these approaches holds great potential for improving the efficacy and precision of epigenetic treatments, ultimately benefiting cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparajita Ghosh
- Epigenetic Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science- Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Medchal, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana, India
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Medchal, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana, India
| | - Ambati Himaja
- Epigenetic Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science- Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Medchal, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana, India
| | - Swati Biswas
- Nanomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Medchal, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana, India
| | - Onkar Kulkarni
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Medchal, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana, India
| | - Balaram Ghosh
- Epigenetic Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science- Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Medchal, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana, India
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Omidkhoda N, Mahdiani S, Samadi S, Rahimi H, Mohammadpour AH. Efficacy and Safety of Valproic Acid in Myelodysplastic Syndrome and Acute Myeloid Leukemia; a Narrative Review. Drug Res (Stuttg) 2023; 73:378-387. [PMID: 37220791 DOI: 10.1055/a-2088-3718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Loads of new therapeutic regimes have been turned up to manage Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML), particularly in elderly patients who are unfit for intensive chemotherapy. Despite accumulating research, the best MDS and AML management approach is indeterminate. Myelodysplastic syndrome implies a group of various hematopoietic stem cell disorders that may progress to acute myeloid leukemia. These disorders are more frequent in older adults. To the high rate of morbidity and abundant toxicities related to the therapeutic approaches, also, the treatment would be challenging. The clinical effectiveness of valproic acid, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, in MDS and AML patients is unknown, even though it has demonstrated positive activities to promote differentiation and apoptosis in cancer cells. We investigated the clinical research on the effects of valproic acid in conjunction with various drugs, including low-dose cytarabine, all-trans retinoic acid, DNA-hypomethylating agents, hydrazine, and theophylline. We conclude that VPA is a safe and effective treatment option for MDS and AML patients, particularly when used in conjunction with all-trans retinoic acid, DNA-hypomethylating drugs, and hydralazine. However, more randomized clinical studies are required to identify an ideal regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Omidkhoda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sina Mahdiani
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sara Samadi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Rahimi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Hooshang Mohammadpour
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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7
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Gerke MB, Christodoulou I, Karantanos T. Definitions, Biology, and Current Therapeutic Landscape of Myelodysplastic/Myeloproliferative Neoplasms. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3815. [PMID: 37568631 PMCID: PMC10417399 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms (MDS/MPN) are hematological disorders characterized by both proliferative and dysplastic features. According to the 2022 International Consensus Classification (ICC), MDS/MPN consists of clonal monocytosis of undetermined significance (CMUS), chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), atypical chronic myeloid leukemia (aCML), MDS/MPN with SF3B1 mutation (MDS/MPN-T-SF3B1), MDS/MPN with ring sideroblasts and thrombocytosis not otherwise specified (MDS/MPN-RS-T-NOS), and MDS/MPN-NOS. These disorders exhibit a diverse range of genetic alterations involving various transcription factors (e.g., RUNX1), signaling molecules (e.g., NRAS, JAK2), splicing factors (e.g., SF3B, SRSF2), and epigenetic regulators (e.g., TET2, ASXL1, DNMT3A), as well as specific cytogenetic abnormalities (e.g., 8 trisomies, 7 deletions/monosomies). Clinical studies exploring therapeutic options for higher-risk MDS/MPN overlap syndromes mostly involve hypomethylating agents, but other treatments such as lenalidomide and targeted agents such as JAK inhibitors and inhibitors targeting PARP, histone deacetylases, and the Ras pathway are under investigation. While these treatment modalities can provide partial disease control, allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT) is the only potentially curative option for patients. Important prognostic factors correlating with outcomes after allo-BMT include comorbidities, splenomegaly, karyotype alterations, and the bone marrow blasts percentage at the time of transplantation. Future research is imperative to optimizing therapeutic strategies and enhancing patient outcomes in MDS/MPN neoplasms. In this review, we summarize MDS/MPN diagnostic criteria, biology, and current and future treatment options, including bone marrow transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margo B. Gerke
- School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | - Ilias Christodoulou
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;
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8
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Recent advance in nucleic acid amplification-integrated methods for DNA methyltransferase assay. Trends Analyt Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.116998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
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9
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Targeting of the Interleukin-13 Receptor (IL-13R)α2 Expressing Prostate Cancer by a Novel Hybrid Lytic Peptide. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020356. [PMID: 36830725 PMCID: PMC9953383 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The IL-13Rα2 cell surface receptor is highly expressed in tumours such as prostate cancer. In this report, we evaluated the hypothesis that prostate cancer cells with enhanced IL-13Rα2 expression are a suitable target for the hybrid lytic peptide (Pep-1-Phor21) peptide, which is generated by fusing the IL-13Rα2 specific ligand (Pep-1) and a cell membrane disrupting lytic peptide (Phor21). The expression of IL-13Rα2 mRNA and protein in prostate cancer tissues and cell lines was assessed via real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and immunoblotting. The effect of Pep-1-Phor21 on the viability of prostate cancer cells grown in monolayers (2D) and microtissue spheroids (3D) was assessed via CellTox green cytotoxic assay. IL-13Rα2 expression and Pep-1-Phor21-mediated killing were also determined in the cells treated with epigenetic regulators (Trichostatin A (TSA) and 5-aza-2 deoxycytidine (5-Aza-dC)). The hybrid lytic peptide cytotoxic activity correlated with the expression of IL-13Rα2 in prostate cancer cell lines cultured as monolayers (2D) or 3D spheroids. In addition, TSA or 5-Aza-dC treatment of prostate cancer cells, particularly those with low expression of IL-13Rα2, enhanced the cells' sensitivity to the lytic peptide by increasing IL-13Rα2 expression. These results demonstrate that the Pep-1-Phor21 hybrid lytic peptide has potent and selective anticancer properties against IL-13Rα2-expressing prostate cancer cells.
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Sheel A, Bae J, Asada A, Otterson GA, Baliga RR, Koenig KL. Reversible cardiomyopathy in a patient with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia treated with decitabine/cedazuridine: a case report. CARDIO-ONCOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 9:4. [PMID: 36653885 PMCID: PMC9845814 DOI: 10.1186/s40959-023-00153-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypomethylating agents (HMAs) have shown efficacy in the treatment of hematological malignancies and are indicated for the treatment of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML). While the HMA decitabine, in its intravenous formulation, has been used since 2006 for the treatment of CMML, use of its oral formulation has been limited by poor bioavailability due to first-pass metabolism by the enzyme cytidine deaminase. The dose of intravenous decitabine is limited by toxicities such as cardiomyopathy and heart failure. Therefore, cedazuridine was developed as an inhibitor of cytidine deaminase. Cedazuridine decreases the first-pass metabolism of oral decitabine allowing therapeutic levels to be achieved at lower doses, and thus, the novel oral combination of cedazuridine with decitabine was developed. While cardiomyopathy and heart failure are well-established adverse effects associated with intravenous decitabine alone, there to our knowledge there have been no documented incidences of reversible cardiomyopathy in the literature or in patients who participated in the phase 2 and phase 3 clinical trials of oral decitabine-cedazuridine. CASE This case study presents an 85 year-old Caucasian female with CMML who developed cardiomyopathy and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction after completing 5 cycles of therapy with decitabine/cedazuridine. Furthermore, her symptoms and cardiac function recovered upon discontinuation of the drug. CONCLUSIONS We present an occurrence of reversible cardiomyopathy in a patient who completed 5 cycles of decitabine/cedazuridine, an oral combination therapy developed to enhance oral bioavailability of decitabine thereby limiting its adverse effects. As the decitabine/cedazuridine combination therapy rises in popularity due to its convenient oral formulation, more trials are needed to understand the prevalence of cardiomyopathy with this drug and to discover preventative strategies for cardiotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Sheel
- grid.412332.50000 0001 1545 0811Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Junu Bae
- grid.261331.40000 0001 2285 7943College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Ashlee Asada
- grid.412332.50000 0001 1545 0811Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Gregory A. Otterson
- grid.413944.f0000 0001 0447 4797Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University and The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Ragavendra R. Baliga
- grid.412332.50000 0001 1545 0811Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardio-Oncology Center of Excellence, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, OH, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Kristin L. Koenig
- grid.413944.f0000 0001 0447 4797Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, The Ohio State University and The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
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MESSEHA SAMIAS, NEZAMI MOHAMMADA, HAGER STEVEN, SOLIMAN KARAMF. A Rare Presentation of a Non-Asian Female With Metastatic Non-small-cell Lung Cancer Harboring EGFR L747P Mutation With Clinical Response to Multi-targeted Epigenetic and EGFR Inhibition. Anticancer Res 2022; 42:441-447. [PMID: 34969754 PMCID: PMC9869492 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.15502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activating mutations of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene have been utilized to predict the effectiveness of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy. The most common EGFR mutations are exon 19 deletion and exon 21-point mutation, which are sensitive to EGFR TKI. However, rare/complex EGFR mutations still exist, data of which are scarce and controversial. Hence, their role in response to standard therapy remains uncertain. CASE REPORT We present the case of a patient diagnosed with stage IV lung adenocarcinoma for whom standard chemotherapies, including platinum agents, had failed. The patient was found to have an EGFR exon 19 (L747P) mutation, as evident in her liquid biopsy. This alteration has not been described before in the literature on non-Asian females. Data from the current case study highlight the aggressive nature of this type of EGFR mutation as indicated by the complete resistance to erlotinib. Using standard first-generation EGFR inhibitors in treating this point mutation was considered inadequate. However, this patient showed a substantial response when treated with erlotinib combined with epigenetic therapies, consisting of DNA methyltransferase and histone deacetylase inhibitors. For more than 8 years, the patient has been responding to combination therapy with a normal quality of life. CONCLUSION This case represents a possible novel approach to reducing resistance in patients harboring this rare EGFR mutation which may translate to better outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- SAMIA S. MESSEHA
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, U.S.A.
| | - MOHAMMAD A. NEZAMI
- Sahel Oncology, Orange Coast Medical Center of Hope, Newport Beach, CA, U.S.A
| | - STEVEN HAGER
- C CARE, California Cancer Associates for Research and Excellence, Fresno, CA, U.S.A
| | - KARAM F.A. SOLIMAN
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, U.S.A.
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12
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Vietri MT, D'Elia G, Benincasa G, Ferraro G, Caliendo G, Nicoletti GF, Napoli C. DNA methylation and breast cancer: A way forward (Review). Int J Oncol 2021; 59:98. [PMID: 34726251 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2021.5278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The current management of breast cancer (BC) lacks specific non‑invasive biomarkers able to provide an early diagnosis of the disease. Epigenetic‑sensitive signatures are influenced by environmental exposures and are mediated by direct molecular mechanisms, mainly guided by DNA methylation, which regulate the interplay between genetic and non‑genetic risk factors during cancerogenesis. The inactivation of tumor suppressor genes due to promoter hypermethylation is an early event in carcinogenesis. Of note, targeted tumor suppressor genes are frequently hypermethylated in patient‑derived BC tissues and peripheral blood biospecimens. In addition, epigenetic alterations in triple‑negative BC, as the most aggressive subtype, have been identified. Thus, detecting both targeted and genome‑wide DNA methylation changes through liquid‑based assays appears to be a useful clinical strategy for early detection, more accurate risk stratification and a personalized prediction of therapeutic response in patients with BC. Of note, the DNA methylation profile may be mapped by isolating the circulating tumor DNA from the plasma as a more accessible biospecimen. Furthermore, the sensitivity to treatment with chemotherapy, hormones and immunotherapy may be altered by gene‑specific DNA methylation, suggesting novel potential drug targets. Recently, the use of epigenetic drugs administered alone and/or with anticancer therapies has led to remarkable results, particularly in patients with BC resistant to anticancer treatment. The aim of the present review was to provide an update on DNA methylation changes that are potentially involved in BC development and their putative clinical utility in the fields of diagnosis, prognosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Vietri
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna D'Elia
- Unit of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, AOU, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuditta Benincasa
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ferraro
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Plastic Surgery Unit, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Gemma Caliendo
- Unit of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, AOU, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Francesco Nicoletti
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Plastic Surgery Unit, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Napoli
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', I-80138 Naples, Italy
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13
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El-Sayed A, Aleya L, Kamel M. Microbiota and epigenetics: promising therapeutic approaches? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:49343-49361. [PMID: 34319520 PMCID: PMC8316543 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15623-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
The direct/indirect responsibility of the gut microbiome in disease induction in and outside the digestive tract is well studied. These results are usually from the overpopulation of certain species on the cost of others, interaction with beneficial microflora, interference with normal epigenetic control mechanisms, or suppression of the immune system. Consequently, it is theoretically possible to cure such disorders by rebalancing the microbiome inside our bodies. This can be achieved by changing the lifestyle pattern and diet or by supplementation with beneficial bacteria or their metabolites. Various approaches have been explored to manipulate the normal microbial inhabitants, including nutraceutical, supplementations with prebiotics, probiotics, postbiotics, synbiotics, and antibiotics, or through microbiome transplantation (fecal, skin, or vaginal microbiome transplantation). In the present review, the interaction between the microbiome and epigenetics and their role in disease induction is discussed. Possible future therapeutic approaches via the reestablishment of equilibrium in our internal micro-ecosystem are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr El-Sayed
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environnement Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, F-25030, Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Mohamed Kamel
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
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14
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Schröder R, Illert AL, Erbes T, Flotho C, Lübbert M, Duque-Afonso J. The epigenetics of breast cancer - Opportunities for diagnostics, risk stratification and therapy. Epigenetics 2021; 17:612-624. [PMID: 34159881 PMCID: PMC9235902 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2021.1940644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The stage and molecular pathology-dependent prognosis of breast cancer, the limited treatment options for triple-negative carcinomas, as well as the development of resistance to therapies illustrate the need for improved early diagnosis and the development of new therapeutic approaches. Increasing data suggests that some answers to these challenges could be found in the area of epigenetics. In this study, we focus on the current research of the epigenetics of breast cancer, especially on the potential of epigenetics for clinical application in diagnostics, risk stratification and therapy. The differential DNA methylation status of specific gene regions has been used in the past to differentiate breast cancer cells from normal tissue. New technologies as detection of circulating nucleic acids including microRNAs to early detect breast cancer are emerging. Pattern of DNA methylation and expression of histone-modifying enzymes have been successfully used for risk stratification. However, all these epigenetic biomarkers should be validated in larger clinical studies. Recent preclinical and clinical studies show a therapeutic benefit of epigenetically active drugs for breast cancer entities that are still difficult to treat (triple negative, UICC stage IV). Remarkably, epigenetic therapies combined with chemotherapies or hormone-based therapies represent the most promising strategy. At the current stage, the integration of epigenetic substances into established breast cancer therapy protocols seems to hold the greatest potential for a clinical application of epigenetic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rieke Schröder
- Department for Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University of Freiburg Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Illert
- Department of Hematology/Oncology/Stem Cell Transplantation, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thalia Erbes
- Department of Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine and University of Freiburg Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christian Flotho
- Department for Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University of Freiburg Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (Deutsches Konsortium Für Translationale Krebsforschung, DKTK), Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Lübbert
- Department of Hematology/Oncology/Stem Cell Transplantation, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (Deutsches Konsortium Für Translationale Krebsforschung, DKTK), Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jesús Duque-Afonso
- Department of Hematology/Oncology/Stem Cell Transplantation, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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15
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El-Sayed A, Aleya L, Kamel M. The link among microbiota, epigenetics, and disease development. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:28926-28964. [PMID: 33860421 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13862-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The microbiome is a community of various microorganisms that inhabit or live on the skin of humans/animals, sharing the body space with their hosts. It is a sort of complex ecosystem of trillions of commensals, symbiotic, and pathogenic microorganisms, including trillions of bacteria, archaea, protozoa, fungi, and viruses. The microbiota plays a role in the health and disease status of the host. Their number, species dominance, and viability are dynamic. Their long-term disturbance is usually accompanied by serious diseases such as metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases, or even cancer. While epigenetics is a term that refers to different stimuli that induce modifications in gene expression patterns without structural changes in the inherited DNA sequence, these changes can be reversible or even persist for several generations. Epigenetics can be described as cell memory that stores experience against internal and external factors. Results from multiple institutions have contributed to the role and close interaction of both microbiota and epigenetics in disease induction. Understanding the mechanisms of both players enables a better understanding of disease induction and development and also opens the horizon to revolutionary therapeutic approaches. The present review illustrates the roles of diet, microbiome, and epigenetics in the induction of several chronic diseases. In addition, it discusses the application of epigenetic data to develop diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutics and evaluate their safety for patients. Understanding the interaction among all these elements enables the development of innovative preventive/therapeutic approaches for disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr El-Sayed
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environnement Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, F-25030, Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Mohamed Kamel
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
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16
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Zhang C, Shen L, Zhu Y, Xu R, Deng Z, Liu X, Ding Y, Wang C, Shi Y, Bei L, Wei D, Thorne RF, Zhang XD, Yu L, Chen S. KDM6A promotes imatinib resistance through YY1-mediated transcriptional upregulation of TRKA independently of its demethylase activity in chronic myelogenous leukemia. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:2691-2705. [PMID: 33456567 PMCID: PMC7806474 DOI: 10.7150/thno.50571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Despite landmark therapy of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), drug resistance remains problematic. Cancer pathogenesis involves epigenetic dysregulation and in particular, histone lysine demethylases (KDMs) have been implicated in TKI resistance. We sought to identify KDMs with altered expression in CML and define their contribution to imatinib resistance. Methods: Bioinformatics screening compared KDM expression in CML versus normal bone marrow with shRNA knockdown and flow cytometry used to measure effects on imatinib-induced apoptosis in K562 cells. Transcriptomic analyses were performed against KDM6A CRISPR knockout/shRNA knockdown K562 cells along with gene rescue experiments using wildtype and mutant demethylase-dead KDM6A constructs. Co-immunoprecipitation, luciferase reporter and ChIP were employed to elucidate mechanisms of KDM6A-dependent resistance. Results: Amongst five KDMs upregulated in CML, only KDM6A depletion sensitized CML cells to imatinib-induced apoptosis. Re-introduction of demethylase-dead KDM6A as well as wild-type KDM6A restored imatinib resistance. RNA-seq identified NTRK1 gene downregulation after depletion of KDM6A. Moreover, NTRK1 expression positively correlated with KDM6A in a subset of clinical CML samples and KDM6A knockdown in fresh CML isolates decreased NTRK1 encoded protein (TRKA) expression. Mechanistically, KDM6A was recruited to the NTRK1 promoter by the transcription factor YY1 with subsequent TRKA upregulation activating down-stream survival pathways to invoke imatinib resistance. Conclusion: Contrary to its reported role as a tumor suppressor and independent of its demethylase function, KDM6A promotes imatinib-resistance in CML cells. The identification of the KDM6A/YY1/TRKA axis as a novel imatinib-resistance mechanism represents an unexplored avenue to overcome TKI resistance in CML.
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17
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Huang Z, Li R, Tang T, Ling D, Wang M, Xu D, Sun M, Zheng L, Zhu F, Min H, Boonhok R, Ding Y, Wen Y, Chen Y, Li X, Chen Y, Liu T, Han J, Miao J, Fang Q, Cao Y, Tang Y, Cui J, Xu W, Cui L, Zhu J, Wong G, Li J, Jiang L. A novel multistage antiplasmodial inhibitor targeting Plasmodium falciparum histone deacetylase 1. Cell Discov 2020; 6:93. [PMID: 33311461 PMCID: PMC7733455 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-020-00215-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although artemisinin combination therapies have succeeded in reducing the global burden of malaria, multidrug resistance of the deadliest malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, is emerging worldwide. Innovative antimalarial drugs that kill all life-cycle stages of malaria parasites are urgently needed. Here, we report the discovery of the compound JX21108 with broad antiplasmodial activity against multiple life-cycle stages of malaria parasites. JX21108 was developed from chemical optimization of quisinostat, a histone deacetylase inhibitor. We identified P. falciparum histone deacetylase 1 (PfHDAC1), an epigenetic regulator essential for parasite growth and invasion, as a molecular target of JX21108. PfHDAC1 knockdown leads to the downregulation of essential parasite genes, which is highly consistent with the transcriptomic changes induced by JX21108 treatment. Collectively, our data support that PfHDAC1 is a potential drug target for overcoming multidrug resistance and that JX21108 treats malaria and blocks parasite transmission simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghui Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Ruoxi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Tongke Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Dazheng Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Manjiong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Dandan Xu
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Bengbu Medical College, and Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, China
| | - Maoxin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Lulu Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Hui Min
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Rachasak Boonhok
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Yan Ding
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yuhao Wen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yicong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xiaokang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yuxi Chen
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Taiping Liu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jiping Han
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jun Miao
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Qiang Fang
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Bengbu Medical College, and Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, China
| | - Yaming Cao
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Yun Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jie Cui
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Wenyue Xu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Liwang Cui
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Gary Wong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Lubin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.
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18
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Gene expression signatures associated with sensitivity to azacitidine in myelodysplastic syndromes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19555. [PMID: 33177628 PMCID: PMC7658235 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76510-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic stem cell transplantation is currently the only curative treatment option for myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Pre-transplant debulking treatment have been employed for advanced MDS and we previously reported that marrow response (blast ≤ 5%) following the bridging therapy with hypomethylating agent was an independent favorable factor for survival; however, it is still not clear which patients will respond to hypomethylating agent and which genomic features can predict the response. In this study, we performed RNAseq for 23 MDS patients among which 14 (61%) and 9 (39%) patients showed marrow complete remission and primary resistance to azacitidine, respectively. Differential expression-based analyses of treatment-naive, baseline gene expression profiles revealed that molecular functions representing mitochondria and apoptosis were up-regulated in responders. In contrast, we identified genes involved in the Wnt pathway were relatively up-regulated in non-responders. In independent validation cohorts of MDS patients, the expression of gene sets specific to non-responders and responders distinguished the patients with favorable prognosis and those responded to azacitidine highlighting the prognostic and predictive implication. In addition, a systems biology approach identified genes involved in ubiquitination, such as UBC and PFDN2, which may be key players in the regulation of differential gene expression in treatment responders and non-responders. Taken together, identifying the gene expression signature may advance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of azacitidine and may also serve to predict patient responses to drug treatment.
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19
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Cappellacci L, Perinelli DR, Maggi F, Grifantini M, Petrelli R. Recent Progress in Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors as Anticancer Agents. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:2449-2493. [PMID: 30332940 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666181016163110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are a relatively new class of anti-cancer agents that play important roles in epigenetic or non-epigenetic regulation, inducing death, apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest in cancer cells. Recently, their use has been clinically validated in cancer patients resulting in the approval by the FDA of four HDAC inhibitors, vorinostat, romidepsin, belinostat and panobinostat, used for the treatment of cutaneous/peripheral T-cell lymphoma and multiple myeloma. Many more HDAC inhibitors are at different stages of clinical development for the treatment of hematological malignancies as well as solid tumors. Also, clinical trials of several HDAC inhibitors for use as anti-cancer drugs (alone or in combination with other anti-cancer therapeutics) are ongoing. In the intensifying efforts to discover new, hopefully, more therapeutically efficacious HDAC inhibitors, molecular modelingbased rational drug design has played an important role. In this review, we summarize four major structural classes of HDAC inhibitors (hydroxamic acid derivatives, aminobenzamide, cyclic peptide and short-chain fatty acids) that are in clinical trials and different computer modeling tools available for their structural modifications as a guide to discover additional HDAC inhibitors with greater therapeutic utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Cappellacci
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Diego R Perinelli
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Filippo Maggi
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Mario Grifantini
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Riccardo Petrelli
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
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Papa V, Marracino L, Fortini F, Rizzo P, Campo G, Vaccarezza M, Vieceli Dalla Sega F. Translating Evidence from Clonal Hematopoiesis to Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9082480. [PMID: 32748835 PMCID: PMC7465104 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9082480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Some random mutations can confer a selective advantage to a hematopoietic stem cell. As a result, mutated hematopoietic stem cells can give rise to a significant proportion of mutated clones of blood cells. This event is known as "clonal hematopoiesis." Clonal hematopoiesis is closely associated with age, and carriers show an increased risk of developing blood cancers. Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential is defined by the presence of clones carrying a mutation associated with a blood neoplasm without obvious hematological malignancies. Unexpectedly, in recent years, it has emerged that clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential carriers also have an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Mechanisms linking clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential to cardiovascular disease are only partially known. Findings in animal models indicate that clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential-related mutations amplify inflammatory responses. Consistently, clinical studies have revealed that clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential carriers display increased levels of inflammatory markers. In this review, we describe progress in our understanding of clonal hematopoiesis in the context of cancer, and we discuss the most recent findings linking clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Papa
- Department of Motor Sciences and Wellness (DiSMeB), Università Degli Studi di Napoli “Parthenope,” 80133 Napoli, Italy;
- FAPAB Research Center, 96012 Avola (SR), Italy
| | - Luisa Marracino
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 64/B, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Francesca Fortini
- Translational Research Center, Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Cotignola, 48033 Ravenna, Italy; (F.F.); (G.C.); (F.V.D.S.)
| | - Paola Rizzo
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 64/B, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
- Translational Research Center, Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Cotignola, 48033 Ravenna, Italy; (F.F.); (G.C.); (F.V.D.S.)
- Correspondence: (P.R.); (M.V.)
| | - Gianluca Campo
- Translational Research Center, Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Cotignola, 48033 Ravenna, Italy; (F.F.); (G.C.); (F.V.D.S.)
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Institute, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Ferrara, University of Ferrara, 44124 Cona, Italy
| | - Mauro Vaccarezza
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 64/B, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Curtin Perth Campus, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
- Correspondence: (P.R.); (M.V.)
| | - Francesco Vieceli Dalla Sega
- Translational Research Center, Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Cotignola, 48033 Ravenna, Italy; (F.F.); (G.C.); (F.V.D.S.)
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21
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Feld J, Belasen A, Navada SC. Myelodysplastic syndromes: a review of therapeutic progress over the past 10 years. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2020; 20:465-482. [PMID: 32479130 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2020.1770088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) represent a range of bone marrow disorders, with patients affected by cytopenias and risk of progression to AML. There are limited therapeutic options available for patients, including hypomethylating agents (azacitidine/decitabine), growth factor support, lenalidomide, and allogeneic stem cell transplant. AREAS COVERED This review provides an overview of the progress made over the past decade for emerging therapies for lower- and higher-risk MDS (MDS-HR). We also cover advances in prognostication, supportive care, and use of allogeneic SCT in MDS. EXPERT OPINION While there have been no FDA-approved therapies for MDS in the past decade, we anticipate the approval of luspatercept based on results from the MEDALIST trial for patients with lower-risk MDS (MDS-LR) and ringed sideroblasts who have failed or are ineligible for erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESAs). With growing knowledge of the biologic and molecular mechanisms underlying MDS, it is anticipated that new therapies will be approved in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Feld
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine , New York, USA
| | - Abigail Belasen
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine , New York, USA
| | - Shyamala C Navada
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine , New York, USA
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22
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Ceccarelli V, Ronchetti S, Marchetti MC, Calvitti M, Riccardi C, Grignani F, Vecchini A. Molecular mechanisms underlying eicosapentaenoic acid inhibition of HDAC1 and DNMT expression and activity in carcinoma cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2020; 1863:194481. [PMID: 31923609 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2020.194481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation and histone acetylation, the most studied epigenetic changes, drive and maintain cancer phenotypes. DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) dysregulation promoted localized hypermethylation in CpG rich regions while upregulated histone deacetylases (HDAC) deacetylated histone tails. Both changes led to close chromatin conformation, suppressing transcription and silencing tumor suppressor genes. Consequently, HDAC and DNMT inhibitors appeared to reprogram the transcriptional circuit and potentiate anti-tumoral activity. Here, we report that eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), a fatty acid with anti-cancer properties, inhibited HDAC1 and DNMT expression and activity, thus promoting tumor suppressor gene expression. In hepatocarcinoma cells (HCC) EPA bound and activated PPARγ thus downregulating HDAC1 which sequentially reduced expression of DNMT1, 3A and 3B. At the same time, activated PPARγ physically interacted with DNMT1 and HDAC1 in a CpG island on the Hic-1 gene to assemble PPARγ/DNMT1 and PPARγ/HDAC1 protein complexes, which exited from DNA. When EPA and PPARγ were no longer bound, the protein complexes separated into individual proteins. Consequently, DNMT1 and HDAC1 down-regulation and release from DNA inhibited their activities. Overall, EPA-bound PPARγ induced re-expression of the tumor suppressor gene Hic-1. In the present study PPARγ emerged as a master regulator acting synergistically through diverse targets and ways to reveal the epigenetic action of EPA as an HDAC1 and DNMT1 inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Ceccarelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, P.le L. Severi, 1, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Simona Ronchetti
- Department of Medicine, P.le L. Severi, 1, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Mario Calvitti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, P.le L. Severi, 1, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Carlo Riccardi
- Department of Medicine, P.le L. Severi, 1, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Grignani
- Department of Medicine, P.le L. Severi, 1, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Alba Vecchini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, P.le L. Severi, 1, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
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23
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Xu L, Jiao J, Sun X, Sang W, Gao X, Yang P, Yan D, Song X, Sun C, Liu M, Qin Y, Tian Y, Zhu F, Zeng L, Li Z, Xu K. Cladribine Induces ATF4 Mediated Apoptosis and Synergizes with SAHA in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Cells. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:1375-1384. [PMID: 32624694 PMCID: PMC7330656 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.41793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cladribine is a purine nucleoside analog used to treat B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia and hairy cell leukemia, also functions as an inhibitor of DNA synthesis to block the repair of the damaged DNA. The therapeutic role of cladribine against diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cells (DLBCL) is still undefined. In the present study, we demonstrated that cladribine inhibited cell proliferation and induced G1 phase arrest in human DLBCL cells. Furthermore, we showed that cladribine induced apoptosis by decreasing the expression of c-FLIPL and increasing the expression of DR4 and the cleaved form of caspase8. Cladribine also upregulated the expression of Bax, and downregulated the expression of Mcl-1 and Bcl-2 in a dose-dependent manner. It also activated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and ATF4 expression was required for cladribine induced apoptosis. Also, we showed that suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) enhanced the pro-apoptotic role of cladribine. Collectively, cladribine activated extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathways via stimulating ER stress signaling pathway and eliciting synergistic effect with SAHA in DLBCL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyan Xu
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cell, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Jiao
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cell, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoshen Sun
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cell, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Sang
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cell, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cell, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pu Yang
- Department of Hematology, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Dongmei Yan
- Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuguang Song
- Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cai Sun
- Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengdi Liu
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cell, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Qin
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cell, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cell, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lingyu Zeng
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cell, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhenyu Li
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cell, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kailin Xu
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cell, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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24
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Tomaselli D, Lucidi A, Rotili D, Mai A. Epigenetic polypharmacology: A new frontier for epi-drug discovery. Med Res Rev 2020; 40:190-244. [PMID: 31218726 PMCID: PMC6917854 DOI: 10.1002/med.21600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recently, despite the great success achieved by the so-called "magic bullets" in the treatment of different diseases through a marked and specific interaction with the target of interest, the pharmacological research is moving toward the development of "molecular network active compounds," embracing the related polypharmacology approach. This strategy was born to overcome the main limitations of the single target therapy leading to a superior therapeutic effect, a decrease of adverse reactions, and a reduction of potential mechanism(s) of drug resistance caused by robustness and redundancy of biological pathways. It has become clear that multifactorial diseases such as cancer, neurological, and inflammatory disorders, may require more complex therapeutic approaches hitting a certain biological system as a whole. Concerning epigenetics, the goal of the multi-epi-target approach consists in the development of small molecules able to simultaneously and (often) reversibly bind different specific epi-targets. To date, two dual histone deacetylase/kinase inhibitors (CUDC-101 and CUDC-907) are in an advanced stage of clinical trials. In the last years, the growing interest in polypharmacology encouraged the publication of high-quality reviews on combination therapy and hybrid molecules. Hence, to update the state-of-the-art of these therapeutic approaches avoiding redundancy, herein we focused only on multiple medication therapies and multitargeting compounds exploiting epigenetic plus nonepigenetic drugs reported in the literature in 2018. In addition, all the multi-epi-target inhibitors known in literature so far, hitting two or more epigenetic targets, have been included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Tomaselli
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs,
“Sapienza” University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Alessia Lucidi
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs,
“Sapienza” University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Dante Rotili
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs,
“Sapienza” University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Antonello Mai
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs,
“Sapienza” University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
- Pasteur Institute - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Viale
Regina Elena 291, 00161 Roma, Italy
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25
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Yu J, Zayas J, Qin B, Wang L. Targeting DNA methylation for treating triple-negative breast cancer. Pharmacogenomics 2019; 20:1151-1157. [PMID: 31755366 PMCID: PMC7026764 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2019-0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for 15-20% of all invasive breast cancers and tends to have aggressive histological features and poor clinical outcomes. Unlike, estrogen receptor- or HER2-positive diseases, TNBC patients currently lack the US FDA-approved targeted therapies. DNA methylation is a critical mechanism of epigenetic modification. It is well known that aberrant DNA methylation contributes to the malignant transformation of cells by silencing critical tumor suppressor genes. DNA methyltransferase inhibitors reactivate silenced tumor suppressor genes and result in tumor growth arrest, with therapeutic effects observed in patients with hematologic malignancies. The antitumor effect of these DNA methyltransferase inhibitors has also been explored in solid tumors, especially in TNBC that currently lacks targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jacqueline Zayas
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine & The Mayo Clinic Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Bo Qin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Liewei Wang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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26
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Sun L, Namboodiri S, Chen E, Sun S. Preliminary Analysis of Within-Sample Co-methylation Patterns in Normal and Cancerous Breast Samples. Cancer Inform 2019; 18:1176935119880516. [PMID: 31631960 PMCID: PMC6778999 DOI: 10.1177/1176935119880516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation plays a significant role in regulating the expression of certain genes in both cancerous and normal breast tissues. It is therefore important to study within-sample co-methylation, ie, methylation patterns between consecutive sites in a chromosome. In this article, we develop 2 new methods to compare co-methylation patterns between normal and cancerous breast samples. In particular, we investigate the co-methylation patterns of 4 different methylation states/levels separately. Using these 2 methods, we focus on addressing the following questions: How often does 1 methylation state change to other methylation states and how is this change dependent on chromosome distance? What co-methylation patterns do normal and cancerous breast samples have? Do genomic sites with different methylation states/levels have different co-methylation patterns? Our results show that cancerous and normal co-methylation patterns are significantly different. We find that this difference exists even when the physical distance of 2 sites are less than 50 bases. Breast cancer cell lines tend to remain in the same methylation state more often than normal samples, especially for the no/low or high/full methylation states. We also find that the co-methylation region lengths for various methylation states (no/low, partial, and high/full methylation states) are very different. For example, the co-methylation region lengths for partial methylation regions are shorter than the unmethylated or fully methylated regions. Our research may provide a deep understanding of co-methylation patterns. These co-methylation patterns will aid in discovering and understanding new methylation events that may be related to novel biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shuying Sun
- Department of Mathematics, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
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27
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Gupta R, Bhatt LK, Momin M. Potent antitumor activity of Laccaic acid and Phenethyl isothiocyanate combination in colorectal cancer via dual inhibition of DNA methyltransferase-1 and Histone deacetylase-1. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 377:114631. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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28
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Mazzu YZ, Yoshikawa Y, Nandakumar S, Chakraborty G, Armenia J, Jehane LE, Lee GSM, Kantoff PW. Methylation-associated miR-193b silencing activates master drivers of aggressive prostate cancer. Mol Oncol 2019; 13:1944-1958. [PMID: 31225930 PMCID: PMC6717747 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic silencing of miRNA is a primary mechanism of aberrant miRNA expression in cancer, and hypermethylation of miRNA promoters has been reported to contribute to prostate cancer initiation and progression. Recent data have shown that the miR‐193b promoter is hypermethylated in prostate cancer compared with normal tissue, but studies assessing its functional significance have not been performed. We aimed to elucidate the function of miR‐193b and identify its critical targets in prostate cancer. We observed an inverse correlation between miR‐193b level and methylation of its promoter in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort. Overexpression of miR‐193b in prostate cancer cell lines inhibited invasion and induced apoptosis. We found that a majority of the top 150 genes downregulated when miR‐193b was overexpressed in liposarcoma are overexpressed in metastatic prostate cancer and that 41 miR‐193b target genes overlapped with the 86 genes in the aggressive prostate cancer subtype 1 (PCS1) signature. Overexpression of miR‐193b led to the inhibition of the majority of the 41 genes in prostate cancer cell lines. High expression of the 41 genes was correlated with recurrence of prostate cancer. Knockdown of miR‐193b targets FOXM1 and RRM2 in prostate cancer cells phenocopied overexpression of miR‐193b. Dual treatment with DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors decreased miR‐193b promoter methylation and restored inhibition of FOXM1 and RRM2. Our data suggest that silencing of miR‐193b through promoter methylation may release the inhibition of PCS1 genes, contributing to prostate cancer progression and suggesting a possible therapeutic strategy for aggressive prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Z Mazzu
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yuki Yoshikawa
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Subhiksha Nandakumar
- Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Goutam Chakraborty
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Joshua Armenia
- Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lina E Jehane
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gwo-Shu Mary Lee
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Philip W Kantoff
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
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29
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Ren Y, Sun Q, Yuan Z, Jiang Y. Combined inhibition of HDAC and DNMT1 induces p85α/MEK-mediated cell cycle arrest by dual target inhibitor 208 in U937 cells. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2019.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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30
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Immunoepigenetics Combination Therapies: An Overview of the Role of HDACs in Cancer Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092241. [PMID: 31067680 PMCID: PMC6539010 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-standing efforts to identify the multifaceted roles of histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) have positioned these agents as promising drug candidates in combatting cancer, autoimmune, neurodegenerative, and infectious diseases. The same has also encouraged the evaluation of multiple HDACi candidates in preclinical studies in cancer and other diseases as well as the FDA-approval towards clinical use for specific agents. In this review, we have discussed how the efficacy of immunotherapy can be leveraged by combining it with HDACis. We have also included a brief overview of the classification of HDACis as well as their various roles in physiological and pathophysiological scenarios to target key cellular processes promoting the initiation, establishment, and progression of cancer. Given the critical role of the tumor microenvironment (TME) towards the outcome of anticancer therapies, we have also discussed the effect of HDACis on different components of the TME. We then have gradually progressed into examples of specific pan-HDACis, class I HDACi, and selective HDACis that either have been incorporated into clinical trials or show promising preclinical effects for future consideration. Finally, we have included examples of ongoing trials for each of the above categories of HDACis as standalone agents or in combination with immunotherapeutic approaches.
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31
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Zhou J, Yi Z, Fu Q. Dynamic decreased expression and hypermethylation of secreted frizzled-related protein 1 and 4 over the course of pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Life Sci 2019; 218:241-252. [PMID: 30586565 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Aberrantly activated Wnt signaling pathway and dysregulation of extracellular antagonists of Wnt signaling have been revealed in pulmonary fibrosis. In this study we evaluated the expression of secreted frizzled-related proteins (SFRPs) and their aberrant promoter methylation to investigate the involvement of epigenetic regulation in pulmonary fibrosis. The pulmonary fibrosis induced by intratracheal injection of bleomycin (BLM) into mice was adopted. The transcription and relative protein expression of SFRPs were detected at Day 7 (D7), D14, and D21. DNA methylation analysis was performed by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP). A DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitor (5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine; 5-aza) was used for demethylation and the relative β-catenin expression levels were measured to assess overactivity of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. The transcription and protein expression of SFRP1 significantly decreased at D14 and D21, whereas the transcription and protein expression of SFRP4 significantly decreased at D7 and stayed downregulated until D21. The significantly hypermethylated promoters of SFRP1 and SFRP4 resulted in impaired transcription and decreased expression during pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Besides, reactivation of SFRP1 and SFRP4 by 5-aza reduced β-catenin mRNA and protein expression in vivo and in vitro. Animal experiments confirmed that 5-aza could significantly alleviate bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Thus, changes of promoter hypermethylation might downregulate SFRP1 and SFRP4 at different stages of pulmonary fibrosis, and the finding supports the usefulness of DNMT inhibitors, which might effectively reverse activation of β-catenin and reduce pulmonary fibrosis in mice. These data provide a possible new direction in the research on pulmonary fibrosis treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfei Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, PR China
| | - Zheng Yi
- Department of Rheumatology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, PR China.
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, HengYang 421001, PR China
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32
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Kuhlen M, Klusmann JH, Hoell JI. Molecular Approaches to Treating Pediatric Leukemias. Front Pediatr 2019; 7:368. [PMID: 31555628 PMCID: PMC6742719 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2019.00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades, striking progress has been made in the treatment of pediatric leukemia, approaching 90% overall survival in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and 75% in children with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This has mainly been achieved through multiagent chemotherapy including CNS prophylaxis and risk-adapted therapy within collaborative clinical trials. However, prognosis in children with refractory or relapsed leukemia remains poor and has not significantly improved despite great efforts. Hence, more effective and less toxic therapies are urgently needed. Our understanding of disease biology, molecular drivers, drug resistance and, thus, the possibility to identify children at high-risk for treatment failure has significantly improved in recent years. Moreover, several new drugs targeting key molecular pathways involved in leukemia development, cell growth, and proliferation have been developed and approved. These striking achievements are linked to the great hope to further improve survival in children with refractory and relapsed leukemia. This review gives an overview on current molecularly targeted therapies in children with leukemia, including kinase, and proteasome inhibitors, epigenetic and enzyme targeting, as well as apoptosis regulators among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Kuhlen
- Swabian Children's Cancer Center, University Children's Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Jan-Henning Klusmann
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Jessica I Hoell
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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33
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Liu Z, Gao Y, Li X. Cancer epigenetics and the potential of epigenetic drugs for treating solid tumors. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2018; 19:139-149. [PMID: 30470148 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2019.1552139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Epigenetic modification without DNA sequence mutation plays an important role in cancer development. Some small molecular inhibitors targeting key epigenetic molecules have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration to treat hematological malignancies. However, the anticancer effects of these drugs on solid tumors are not satisfactory, and the mechanisms of action remain largely unknown. Areas covered: The review summarizes the latest research on cancer epigenetics and discusses the potentials and limitations of using epigenetic drugs to treat solid tumors. An analysis of possible reasons for epigenetic drug treatment failure in solid tumors in some clinical trials is discussed along with prospects for future development. Expert commentary: Next-generation small molecule inhibitors will target novel epigenetic regulators with high cancer specificity. Combined modalities exploiting epigenetic drugs with chemo-/radiotherapy, molecular-targeting drugs, and immunotherapy will be able to effectively treat solid tumors in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghui Liu
- a Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha , Hunan , China
| | - Yingxue Gao
- a Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha , Hunan , China
| | - Xiong Li
- a Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha , Hunan , China
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34
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Yang Q, Ali M, El Andaloussi A, Al-Hendy A. The emerging spectrum of early life exposure-related inflammation and epigenetic therapy. CANCER STUDIES AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE : OPEN JOURNAL 2018; 4:13-23. [PMID: 30474062 PMCID: PMC6247815 DOI: 10.17140/csmmoj-4-125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Early life exposure to a variety of insults during sensitive windows of development can reprogram normal physiological responses and alter disease susceptibility later in life. During this process, Inflammation triggered by a variety of adverse exposures plays an important role in the initiation and development of many types of diseases including tumorigenesis. This review article summaries the current knowledge about the role and mechanism of inflammation in development of diseases. In addition, epigenome alteration related to inflammation and treatment options using epigenetic modifiers are highlighted and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwei Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of
Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mohamed Ali
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of
Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain
Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Ayman Al-Hendy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of
Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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35
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Shi T, Ma Y, Yu L, Jiang J, Shen S, Hou Y, Wang T. Cancer Immunotherapy: A Focus on the Regulation of Immune Checkpoints. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1389. [PMID: 29735917 PMCID: PMC5983802 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the role of cancer immunotherapy has become increasingly important compared to traditional cancer treatments, including surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Of note, the clinical successes of immune checkpoint blockade, such as PD-1 and CTLA-4, represent a landmark event in cancer immunotherapy development. Therefore, further exploration of how immune checkpoints are regulated in the tumor microenvironment will provide key insights into checkpoint blockade therapy. In this review, we discuss in details about the regulation of immune checkpoints mediated by immune cells, oncolytic viruses, epigenetics, and gut microbiota and mutual regulation by co-expressed checkpoints. Finally, predictions are made for future personalized cancer immunotherapy based on different checkpoint modulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Shi
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Yanyu Ma
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Lingfeng Yu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Jiaxuan Jiang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Sunan Shen
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Yayi Hou
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Tingting Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
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Abstract
Acute leukemias are hematologic malignancies with aggressive behavior especially in adult population. With the introduction of new gene expression and sequencing technologies there have been advances in the knowledge of the genetic landscape of acute leukemias. A more detailed analysis allows for the identification of additional alterations in epigenetic regulators that have a profound impact in cellular biology without changes in DNA sequence. These epigenetic alterations disturb the physiological balance between gene activation and gene repression and contribute to aberrant gene expression, contributing significantly to the leukemic pathogenesis and maintenance. We review epigenetic changes in acute leukemia in relation to what is known about their mechanism of action, their prognostic role and their potential use as therapeutic targets, with important implications for precision medicine.
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Phase I study of panobinostat and 5-azacitidine in Japanese patients with myelodysplastic syndrome or chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. Int J Hematol 2017; 107:83-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s12185-017-2327-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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38
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Lindsay CD, Kostiuk MA, Harris J, O'Connell DA, Seikaly H, Biron VL. Efficacy of EZH2 inhibitory drugs in human papillomavirus-positive and human papillomavirus-negative oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas. Clin Epigenetics 2017; 9:95. [PMID: 28878842 PMCID: PMC5586065 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-017-0390-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most prevalent cancer worldwide with rates of HPV-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) dramatically increasing. The overexpression of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), a histone methyltransferase responsible for the trimethylation at lysine 27 of histone 3 (H3K27me3), is associated with a poor clinical prognosis and aggressive HPV-positive phenotypes. Methods We utilized three EZH2 pathway inhibitors, GSK-343, DZNeP, and EPZ-5687, and tested their efficacy in two HPV-positive and two HPV-negative OPSCC cell lines. Results Treatment with GSK-343 decreased H3K27me3 in all cell lines and treatment with DZNeP decreased H3K27me3 in only HPV-negative cell lines as determined by Western blot. Cells treated with EPZ-5687 displayed no appreciable change in H3K27me3. Epigenetic effect on gene expression was measured via ddPCR utilizing 11 target probes. Cells treated with DZNeP showed the most dramatic expressional changes, with decreased EGFR in HPV-positive cell lines and an overall increase in proliferation markers in HPV-negative cell lines. GSK-343-treated cells displayed moderate expressional changes, with CCND1 increased in HPV-positive cell lines and decreased TP53 in HPV-negative SCC-1. EPZ-5687-treated cell lines displayed few expressional changes overall. Only DZNeP-treated cells displayed anti-proliferative characteristics shown in wound-healing assays. Conclusions Our findings suggest that EZH2 inhibitors are a viable therapeutic option for the role of epigenetic effect, potentially sensitizing tumors to current chemotherapies or limiting cell differentiation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13148-017-0390-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Morris A Kostiuk
- Alberta Head and Neck Centre for Oncology and Reconstruction, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Jeff Harris
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada.,Alberta Head and Neck Centre for Oncology and Reconstruction, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Daniel A O'Connell
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada.,Alberta Head and Neck Centre for Oncology and Reconstruction, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Hadi Seikaly
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada.,Alberta Head and Neck Centre for Oncology and Reconstruction, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Vincent L Biron
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada.,Alberta Head and Neck Centre for Oncology and Reconstruction, Edmonton, AB Canada.,Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
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39
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Hu Q, Baeg GH. Role of epigenome in tumorigenesis and drug resistance. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 109:663-668. [PMID: 28709969 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The last few decades have witnessed a tremendous advancement in understanding the genetic basis of major human diseases such as cancer. Intriguingly, there is also an evergrowing body of evidence that suggest the critical role of epigenetic regulation in pathogenesis. In contrast to genetic mechanisms often associated with changes in DNA sequence, epigenetics generally refers to the regulation of gene expression featuring alterations in histone modification, DNA methylation, chromatin conformation and non-coding RNAs, with the first two categories being the best-characterized so far. A growing list of epigenetic factors, including writers, readers and erasers have been identified, and huge differences in genome-wide epigenetic modifications, so-called epigenome, have been reported between normal tissues and cancer. Significantly, since the epigenetic regulation is largely dependent on enzymes, they are generally reversible and thus more amenable to pharmaceutical intervention. Hence, it is believed that a comprehensive understanding of how alterations in epigenome lead to tumorigenesis, progression and drug resistance is of primary importance to develop epigenetic therapies and to ensure long-term efficacy of cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qidong Hu
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore 117594, Singapore.
| | - Gyeong Hun Baeg
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore 117594, Singapore.
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40
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Yuan Z, Sun Q, Li D, Miao S, Chen S, Song L, Gao C, Chen Y, Tan C, Jiang Y. Design, synthesis and anticancer potential of NSC-319745 hydroxamic acid derivatives as DNMT and HDAC inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 134:281-292. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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41
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Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors as Anticancer Drugs. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071414. [PMID: 28671573 PMCID: PMC5535906 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 791] [Impact Index Per Article: 113.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Carcinogenesis cannot be explained only by genetic alterations, but also involves epigenetic processes. Modification of histones by acetylation plays a key role in epigenetic regulation of gene expression and is controlled by the balance between histone deacetylases (HDAC) and histone acetyltransferases (HAT). HDAC inhibitors induce cancer cell cycle arrest, differentiation and cell death, reduce angiogenesis and modulate immune response. Mechanisms of anticancer effects of HDAC inhibitors are not uniform; they may be different and depend on the cancer type, HDAC inhibitors, doses, etc. HDAC inhibitors seem to be promising anti-cancer drugs particularly in the combination with other anti-cancer drugs and/or radiotherapy. HDAC inhibitors vorinostat, romidepsin and belinostat have been approved for some T-cell lymphoma and panobinostat for multiple myeloma. Other HDAC inhibitors are in clinical trials for the treatment of hematological and solid malignancies. The results of such studies are promising but further larger studies are needed. Because of the reversibility of epigenetic changes during cancer development, the potency of epigenetic therapies seems to be of great importance. Here, we summarize the data on different classes of HDAC inhibitors, mechanisms of their actions and discuss novel results of preclinical and clinical studies, including the combination with other therapeutic modalities.
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42
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Berndsen RH, Abdul UK, Weiss A, Zoetemelk M, te Winkel MT, Dyson PJ, Griffioen AW, Nowak-Sliwinska P. Epigenetic approach for angiostatic therapy: promising combinations for cancer treatment. Angiogenesis 2017; 20:245-267. [DOI: 10.1007/s10456-017-9551-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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43
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The Genomic Impact of DNA CpG Methylation on Gene Expression; Relationships in Prostate Cancer. Biomolecules 2017; 7:biom7010015. [PMID: 28216563 PMCID: PMC5372727 DOI: 10.3390/biom7010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of DNA CpG methylation has been extensively investigated for over 50 years and revealed associations between changing methylation status of CpG islands and gene expression. As a result, DNA CpG methylation is implicated in the control of gene expression in developmental and homeostasis processes, as well as being a cancer-driver mechanism. The development of genome-wide technologies and sophisticated statistical analytical approaches has ushered in an era of widespread analyses, for example in the cancer arena, of the relationships between altered DNA CpG methylation, gene expression, and tumor status. The remarkable increase in the volume of such genomic data, for example, through investigators from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), has allowed dissection of the relationships between DNA CpG methylation density and distribution, gene expression, and tumor outcome. In this manner, it is now possible to test that the genome-wide correlations are measurable between changes in DNA CpG methylation and gene expression. Perhaps surprisingly is that these associations can only be detected for hundreds, but not thousands, of genes, and the direction of the correlations are both positive and negative. This, perhaps, suggests that CpG methylation events in cancer systems can act as disease drivers but the effects are possibly more restricted than suspected. Additionally, the positive and negative correlations suggest direct and indirect events and an incomplete understanding. Within the prostate cancer TCGA cohort, we examined the relationships between expression of genes that control DNA methylation, known targets of DNA methylation and tumor status. This revealed that genes that control the synthesis of S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM) associate with altered expression of DNA methylation targets in a subset of aggressive tumors.
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44
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Brumatti G, Lalaoui N, Wei AH, Silke J. 'Did He Who Made the Lamb Make Thee?' New Developments in Treating the 'Fearful Symmetry' of Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Trends Mol Med 2017; 23:264-281. [PMID: 28196625 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Malignant cells must circumvent endogenous cell death pathways to survive and develop into cancers. Acquired cell death resistance also sets up malignant cells to survive anticancer therapies. Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is an aggressive blood cancer characterized by high relapse rate and resistance to cytotoxic therapies. Recent collaborative profiling projects have led to a greater understanding of the 'fearful symmetry' of the genomic landscape of AML, and point to the development of novel potential therapies that can overcome factors linked to chemoresistance. We review here the most recent research in the genetics of AML and how these discoveries have led, or might lead, to therapies that specifically activate cell death pathways to substantially challenge this 'fearful' disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Brumatti
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Najoua Lalaoui
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew H Wei
- Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - John Silke
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
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45
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Targeting Class I Histone Deacetylases in a "Complex" Environment. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2017; 38:363-377. [PMID: 28139258 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are proven anticancer therapeutics and have potential in the treatment of many other diseases including HIV infection, Alzheimer's disease, and Friedreich's ataxia. A problem with the currently available HDAC inhibitors is that they have limited specificity and target multiple deacetylases. Designing isoform-selective inhibitors has proven challenging due to similarities in the structure and chemistry of HDAC active sites. However, the fact that HDACs 1, 2, and 3 are recruited to several large multi-subunit complexes, each with particular biological functions, raises the possibility of specifically inhibiting individual complexes. This may be assisted by recent structural and functional information about the assembly of these complexes. Here, we review the available structural information and discuss potential targeting strategies.
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46
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Pastore F, Levine RL. Epigenetic regulators and their impact on therapy in acute myeloid leukemia. Haematologica 2017; 101:269-78. [PMID: 26928248 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2015.140822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic studies of hematologic malignancies have identified a spectrum of recurrent somatic alterations that contribute to acute myeloid leukemia initiation and maintenance, and which confer sensitivities to molecularly targeted therapies. The majority of these genetic events are small, site-specific alterations in DNA sequence. In more than two thirds of patients with de novo acute myeloid leukemia mutations epigenetic modifiers are detected. Epigenetic modifiers encompass a large group of proteins that modify DNA at cytosine residues or cause post-translational histone modifications such as methylations or acetylations. Altered functions of these epigenetic modifiers disturb the physiological balance between gene activation and gene repression and contribute to aberrant gene expression regulation found in acute myeloid leukemia. This review provides an overview of the epigenetic modifiers mutated in acute myeloid leukemia, their clinical relevance and how a deeper understanding of their biological function has led to the discovery of new specific targets, some of which are currently tested in mechanism-based clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Pastore
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
| | - Ross L Levine
- Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA
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47
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Raynal NJM, Da Costa EM, Lee JT, Gharibyan V, Ahmed S, Zhang H, Sato T, Malouf GG, Issa JPJ. Repositioning FDA-Approved Drugs in Combination with Epigenetic Drugs to Reprogram Colon Cancer Epigenome. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 16:397-407. [PMID: 27980103 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic drugs, such as DNA methylation inhibitors (DNMTi) or histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi), are approved in monotherapy for cancer treatment. These drugs reprogram gene expression profiles, reactivate tumor suppressor genes (TSG) producing cancer cell differentiation and apoptosis. Epigenetic drugs have been shown to synergize with other epigenetic drugs or various anticancer drugs. To discover new molecular entities that enhance epigenetic therapy, we performed a high-throughput screening using FDA-approved libraries in combination with DNMTi or HDACi. As a screening model, we used YB5 system, a human colon cancer cell line, which contains an epigenetically silenced CMV-GFP locus, mimicking TSG silencing in cancer. CMV-GFP reactivation is triggered by DNMTi or HDACi and responds synergistically to DNMTi/HDACi combination, which phenocopies TSG reactivation upon epigenetic therapy. GFP fluorescence was used as a quantitative readout for epigenetic activity. We discovered that 45 FDA-approved drugs (4% of all drugs tested) in our FDA-approved libraries enhanced DNMTi and HDACi activity, mainly belonging to anticancer and antiarrhythmic drug classes. Transcriptome analysis revealed that combination of decitabine (DNMTi) with the antiarrhythmic proscillaridin A produced profound gene expression reprogramming, which was associated with downregulation of 153 epigenetic regulators, including two known oncogenes in colon cancer (SYMD3 and KDM8). Also, we identified about 85 FDA-approved drugs that antagonized DNMTi and HDACi activity through cytotoxic mechanisms, suggesting detrimental drug interactions for patients undergoing epigenetic therapy. Overall, our drug screening identified new combinations of epigenetic and FDA-approved drugs, which can be rapidly implemented into clinical trials. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(2); 397-407. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noël J-M Raynal
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. .,Département de pharmacologie et physiologie, Université de Montréal and Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Elodie M Da Costa
- Département de pharmacologie et physiologie, Université de Montréal and Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Justin T Lee
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Vazganush Gharibyan
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Saira Ahmed
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Hanghang Zhang
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Takahiro Sato
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Gabriel G Malouf
- Department of Medical Oncology, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, University Pierre and Marie Curie (Paris VI), Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Pierre J Issa
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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48
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Uwaezuoke SN, Okafor HU, Muoneke VN, Odetunde OI, Odimegwu CL. Chronic kidney disease in children and the role of epigenetics: Future therapeutic trajectories. Biomed Rep 2016; 5:660-664. [PMID: 28105334 DOI: 10.3892/br.2016.781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Global differences in the observed causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children are well documented and are attributed to dissimilarities in clime, race, hereditary, and ancestry. Thus, familial clustering and disparities in CKD prevalence rates across ethnic and racial groups indicate that the progression of renal disease has a strong genetic component. Mammalian studies have demonstrated a feasible nexus between nutrition and non-genetic exposure (around the time of conception and in epigenetic changes) in the expression of major genes identified in renal organogenesis. The major consequence is a reduction in the number of nephrons, with subsequent predisposition to hypertension and CKD. Identifying these epigenetic changes is crucial (due to their potentially reversible nature), as they may serve as future therapeutic targets to prevent kidney fibrosis and CKD. Despite progress in the field of epigenetics in oncology, research in other subspecialties of medicine is largely experimental with few existing studies regarding the clinical implication of epigenetics in renal disease. Therapeutic trajectories for CKD in children based on the influence of epigenetics may eventually revolutionize the management of this disease. The aim of the current narrative review is to appraise the role of epigenetics in CKD, and highlight the potential future therapeutic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel N Uwaezuoke
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu 400001, Nigeria
| | - Henrietta U Okafor
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu 400001, Nigeria
| | - Vivian N Muoneke
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu 400001, Nigeria
| | - Odutola I Odetunde
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu 400001, Nigeria
| | - Chioma L Odimegwu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu 400001, Nigeria
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49
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Jia Y, Cao B, Yang Y, Linghu E, Zhan Q, Lu Y, Yu Y, Herman JG, Guo M. Silencing NKD2 by promoter region hypermethylation promotes gastric cancer invasion and metastasis by up-regulating SOX18 in human gastric cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:33470-85. [PMID: 26396173 PMCID: PMC4741779 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Naked cuticle homolog2 (NKD2) is located in chromosome 5p15.3, which is frequently loss of heterozygosity in human colorectal and gastric cancers. In order to understand the mechanism of NKD2 in gastric cancer development, 6 gastric cancer cell lines and 196 cases of human primary gastric cancer samples were involved. Methylation specific PCR (MSP), gene expression array, flow cytometry, transwell assay and xenograft mice model were employed in this study. The expression of NKD1 and NKD2 was silenced by promoter region hypermethylation. NKD1 and NKD2 were methylated in 11.7% (23/196) and 53.1% (104/196) in human primary gastric cancer samples. NKD2 methylation is associated with cell differentiation, TNM stage and distant metastasis significantly (all P < 0.05), and the overall survival time is longer in NKD2 unmethylated group compared to NKD2 methylated group (P < 0.05). Restoration of NKD2 expression suppressed cell proliferation, colony formation, cell invasion and migration, induced G2/M phase arrest, and sensitized cancer cells to docetaxel. NKD2 inhibits SOX18 and MMP-2,7,9 expression and suppresses BGC823 cell xenograft growth. In conclusion, NKD2 methylation may serve as a poor prognostic and chemo-sensitive marker in human gastric cancer. NKD2 impedes gastric cancer metastasis by inhibiting SOX18.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jia
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.,Department of Breast Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, and Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Baoping Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.,Medical College of NanKai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yunsheng Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Enqiang Linghu
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Qimin Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Youyong Lu
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital/Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Yingyan Yu
- Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - James G Herman
- The Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Mingzhou Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
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50
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Brenner C, Luciani J, Bizet M, Ndlovu M, Josseaux E, Dedeurwaerder S, Calonne E, Putmans P, Cartron PF, Defrance M, Fuks F, Deplus R. The interplay between the lysine demethylase KDM1A and DNA methyltransferases in cancer cells is cell cycle dependent. Oncotarget 2016; 7:58939-58952. [PMID: 27449289 PMCID: PMC5312287 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation and histone modifications are key epigenetic regulators of gene expression, and tight connections are known between the two. DNA methyltransferases are upregulated in several tumors and aberrant DNA methylation profiles are a cancer hallmark. On the other hand, histone demethylases are upregulated in cancer cells. Previous work on ES cells has shown that the lysine demethylase KDM1A binds to DNMT1, thereby affecting DNA methylation. In cancer cells, the occurrence of this interaction has not been explored. Here we demonstrate in several tumor cell lines an interaction between KDM1A and both DNMT1 and DNMT3B. Intriguingly and in contrast to what is observed in ES cells, KDM1A depletion in cancer cells was found not to trigger any reduction in the DNMT1 or DNMT3B protein level or any change in DNA methylation. In the S-phase, furthermore, KDM1A and DNMT1 were found, to co-localize within the heterochromatin. Using P-LISA, we revealed substantially increased binding of KDM1A to DNMT1 during the S-phase. Together, our findings propose a mechanistic link between KDM1A and DNA methyltransferases in cancer cells and suggest that the KDM1A/DNMT1 interaction may play a role during replication. Our work also strengthens the idea that DNMTs can exert functions unrelated to act on DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Brenner
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Faculty of Medicine, ULB-Cancer Research Centre (U-CRC), Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Judith Luciani
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Faculty of Medicine, ULB-Cancer Research Centre (U-CRC), Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Martin Bizet
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Faculty of Medicine, ULB-Cancer Research Centre (U-CRC), Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Matladi Ndlovu
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Faculty of Medicine, ULB-Cancer Research Centre (U-CRC), Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eleonore Josseaux
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Faculty of Medicine, ULB-Cancer Research Centre (U-CRC), Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sarah Dedeurwaerder
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Faculty of Medicine, ULB-Cancer Research Centre (U-CRC), Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Emilie Calonne
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Faculty of Medicine, ULB-Cancer Research Centre (U-CRC), Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pascale Putmans
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Faculty of Medicine, ULB-Cancer Research Centre (U-CRC), Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre-Francois Cartron
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes-Angers, INSERM, U892, Equipe Apoptose et Progression Tumorale, BP7021, 44007 Nantes, France
- Département de Recherche en Cancérologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes, IFR26, F-4400, Nantes, France
- LaBCT, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, 44805 Nantes, Saint Herblain Cedex, France
| | - Matthieu Defrance
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Faculty of Medicine, ULB-Cancer Research Centre (U-CRC), Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - François Fuks
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Faculty of Medicine, ULB-Cancer Research Centre (U-CRC), Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rachel Deplus
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Faculty of Medicine, ULB-Cancer Research Centre (U-CRC), Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
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