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Guasp P, Reiche C, Sethna Z, Balachandran VP. RNA vaccines for cancer: Principles to practice. Cancer Cell 2024; 42:1163-1184. [PMID: 38848720 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2024.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Vaccines are the most impactful medicines to improve health. Though potent against pathogens, vaccines for cancer remain an unfulfilled promise. However, recent advances in RNA technology coupled with scientific and clinical breakthroughs have spurred rapid discovery and potent delivery of tumor antigens at speed and scale, transforming cancer vaccines into a tantalizing prospect. Yet, despite being at a pivotal juncture, with several randomized clinical trials maturing in upcoming years, several critical questions remain: which antigens, tumors, platforms, and hosts can trigger potent immunity with clinical impact? Here, we address these questions with a principled framework of cancer vaccination from antigen detection to delivery. With this framework, we outline features of emergent RNA technology that enable rapid, robust, real-time vaccination with somatic mutation-derived neoantigens-an emerging "ideal" antigen class-and highlight latent features that have sparked the belief that RNA could realize the enduring vision for vaccines against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Guasp
- Immuno-Oncology Service, Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Hepatopancreatobiliary Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Charlotte Reiche
- Immuno-Oncology Service, Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Hepatopancreatobiliary Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zachary Sethna
- Immuno-Oncology Service, Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Hepatopancreatobiliary Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vinod P Balachandran
- Immuno-Oncology Service, Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Hepatopancreatobiliary Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; David M. Rubenstein Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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2
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Sheikhlary S, Lopez DH, Moghimi S, Sun B. Recent Findings on Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines: An Updated Review. Biomolecules 2024; 14:503. [PMID: 38672519 PMCID: PMC11048403 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains one of the global leading causes of death and various vaccines have been developed over the years against it, including cell-based, nucleic acid-based, and viral-based cancer vaccines. Although many vaccines have been effective in in vivo and clinical studies and some have been FDA-approved, there are major limitations to overcome: (1) developing one universal vaccine for a specific cancer is difficult, as tumors with different antigens are different for different individuals, (2) the tumor antigens may be similar to the body's own antigens, and (3) there is the possibility of cancer recurrence. Therefore, developing personalized cancer vaccines with the ability to distinguish between the tumor and the body's antigens is indispensable. This paper provides a comprehensive review of different types of cancer vaccines and highlights important factors necessary for developing efficient cancer vaccines. Moreover, the application of other technologies in cancer therapy is discussed. Finally, several insights and conclusions are presented, such as the possibility of using cold plasma and cancer stem cells in developing future cancer vaccines, to tackle the major limitations in the cancer vaccine developmental process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sheikhlary
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - David Humberto Lopez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (D.H.L.); (S.M.)
| | - Sophia Moghimi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (D.H.L.); (S.M.)
| | - Bo Sun
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (D.H.L.); (S.M.)
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3
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Sun L, Morikawa K, Sogo Y, Sugiura Y. MHY1485 potentiates immunogenic cell death induction and anti-cancer immunity following irradiation. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2024; 65:205-214. [PMID: 38330507 PMCID: PMC10959436 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrad107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Recent in vitro experiments showed that combined treatment with MHY1485, a low-molecular-weight compound, and X-ray irradiation significantly increased apoptosis and senescence in tumor cells, which was associated with oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and p21 stabilization, compared to radiation treatment alone. However, evidence for MHY1485 treatment-mediated suppression of tumor growth in animals is still lacking. Furthermore, it has been shown that ER stress enhances immunogenic cell death (ICD) in tumor cells, as it can exert a favorable influence on the anti-cancer immune system. In the present study, we examined whether co-treatment of MHY1485 and X-ray irradiation induces ICD and in vivo tumor growth suppression using the CT26 and Lewis lung carcinoma murine tumor cell lines. We found that MHY1485 + X-ray treatment promotes ICD more effectively than X-ray treatment alone. MHY1485 suppresses tumor growth in vivo under co-treatment with X-rays and increases INF-γ, tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-2 and interleukin-12 levels in the spleen as well as the presence of CD8+ cells in the tumor. The results suggest that MHY1485 treatment leads to the conversion of irradiated tumors into effective vaccines. Thus, MHY1485 is a promising lead compound for use in combination with radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lue Sun
- Health and Medical Research Institute, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Kumi Morikawa
- Health and Medical Research Institute, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Yu Sogo
- Health and Medical Research Institute, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Yuki Sugiura
- Health and Medical Research Institute, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2217-14, Hayashi-cho, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0895, Japan
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4
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Zeng F, Pan Y, Wu M, Lu Q, Qin S, Gao Y, Luan X, Chen R, He G, Wang Y, He B, Chen Z, Song Y. Self-Metallized Whole Cell Vaccines Prepared by Microfluidics for Bioorthogonally Catalyzed Antitumor Immunotherapy. ACS NANO 2024; 18:7923-7936. [PMID: 38445625 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Tumor whole cell, carrying a complete set of tumor-associated antigens and tumor-specific antigens, has shown great potential in the construction of tumor vaccines but is hindered by the complex engineering means and limited efficacy to cause immunity. Herein, we provided a strategy for the self-mineralization of autologous tumor cells with palladium ions in microfluidic droplets, which endowed the engineered cells with both immune and catalytic functions, to establish a bioorthogonally catalytic tumor whole-cell vaccine. This vaccine showed strong inhibition both in the occurrence and recurrence of tumor by invoking the immediate antitumor immunity and building a long-term immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zeng
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yongchun Pan
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Mengnan Wu
- College of Chemistry, Institute of Food Safety and Environment Monitoring, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Qianglan Lu
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shurong Qin
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yanfeng Gao
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaowei Luan
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ruiyue Chen
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Guanzhong He
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuzhen Wang
- Key Laboratoty of Flexible Electronics& Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Technology University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Bangshun He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Zhaowei Chen
- College of Chemistry, Institute of Food Safety and Environment Monitoring, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Yujun Song
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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5
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Yu R, Zhao F, Xu Z, Zhang G, Du B, Shu Q. Current status and future of cancer vaccines: A bibliographic study. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24404. [PMID: 38293405 PMCID: PMC10826732 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer vaccines are an important component of tumour immunotherapy. An increasing number of studies have shown that cancer vaccines have considerable clinical benefits. With the development of tumour precision medicine, cancer vaccines have become important because of their individualised targeting effects. However, few bibliometric studies have conducted comprehensive systematic reviews in this field. This study aimed to assess the scientific output and trends in cancer vaccine research from a global perspective. Methods We collected publications on cancer vaccines from the Web of Science Core Collection database, which was limited to articles and reviews in English. Microsoft Excel, VOS Viewer, and CiteSpace V were used for quantitative and visual analyses. Results A total of 7807 articles were included. From 1991 to 2022, the number of publications increased annually. The United States had the highest number of articles published in this field (48.28 %), the highest citation frequency (183,964 times), and the highest H-index (182). The National Institutes of Health topped the list with 476 articles. Schlom J had the highest number of published articles (128) and was the main investigator in this field. The journal, Cancer Immunology Immunotherapy, had published the highest number of articles in related fields. In recent years, tumour microenvironment, immune checkpoint inhibitors, particle vaccines, tumour antigens, and dendritic cells have become research hotspots related to cancer vaccines. Conclusion Cancer vaccines are a popular research topic in the field of tumour immunotherapy. Related research and publications will enter a boom stage. "Immune checkpoint inhibitors", "tumour microenvironment" and "dendritic cells" may become future research hotspots, while "T-cell suppressor" is a potential puzzle to be solved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yu
- The First School of Clinical Medical, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fangmin Zhao
- The First School of Clinical Medical, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zeting Xu
- The First School of Clinical Medical, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gaochenxi Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bingqing Du
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qijin Shu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Ahmadi TS, Behrouz B, Mousavi Gargari SL. Polyclonal anti-whole cell IgY passive immunotherapy shields against P. aeruginosa-induced acute pneumonia and burn wound infections in murine models. Sci Rep 2024; 14:405. [PMID: 38172232 PMCID: PMC10764880 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50859-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is a multidrug-resistant (MDR) opportunistic pathogen causing severe hospital-, and community-acquired infections worldwide. Thus, the development of effective immunotherapy-based treatments is essential to combat the MDR-PA infections. In the current study, we evaluated the protective efficacy of polyclonal avian antibodies raised against inactivated whole cells of the PAO1 strain in murine models of acute pneumonia and burn wound. The efficacy of generated antibodies was evaluated against different PA strains through several in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo experiments. The results showed that the anti-PAO1-IgY effectively reduced the motility, biofilm formation and cell internalization ability, and enhanced the opsonophagocytic killing of PA strains through the formation of immobilized bacteria and induction of increased cell surface hydrophobicity. Furthermore, immunotherapy with anti-PAO1-IgY completely protected mice against all PA strains in both acute pneumonia and burn wound murine models. It was found to reduce the bacterial loads in infected burned mice through interfering with virulence factors that play vital roles in the early stages of PA infection, such as colonization and cell internalization. The immunotherapy with anti-PAO1-IgYs could be instrumental in developing effective therapies aimed at reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with PA infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tooba Sadat Ahmadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran-Qom Express Way, Tehran, 3319118651, Iran
| | - Bahador Behrouz
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran-Qom Express Way, Tehran, 3319118651, Iran
| | - Seyed Latif Mousavi Gargari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran-Qom Express Way, Tehran, 3319118651, Iran.
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7
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Calvillo-Rodríguez KM, Lorenzo-Anota HY, Rodríguez-Padilla C, Martínez-Torres AC, Scott-Algara D. Immunotherapies inducing immunogenic cell death in cancer: insight of the innate immune system. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1294434. [PMID: 38077402 PMCID: PMC10701401 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1294434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapies include monoclonal antibodies, cytokines, oncolytic viruses, cellular therapies, and other biological and synthetic immunomodulators. These are traditionally studied for their effect on the immune system's role in eliminating cancer cells. However, some of these therapies have the unique ability to directly induce cytotoxicity in cancer cells by inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD). Unlike general immune stimulation, ICD triggers specific therapy-induced cell death pathways, based on the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) from dying tumour cells. These activate innate pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and subsequent adaptive immune responses, offering the promise of sustained anticancer drug efficacy and durable antitumour immune memory. Exploring how onco-immunotherapies can trigger ICD, enhances our understanding of their mechanisms and potential for combination strategies. This review explores the complexities of these immunotherapeutic approaches that induce ICD, highlighting their implications for the innate immune system, addressing challenges in cancer treatment, and emphasising the pivotal role of ICD in contemporary cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenny Misael Calvillo-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, NL, Mexico
| | - Helen Yarimet Lorenzo-Anota
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, NL, Mexico
- The Institute for Obesity Research, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Cristina Rodríguez-Padilla
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, NL, Mexico
| | - Ana Carolina Martínez-Torres
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, NL, Mexico
| | - Daniel Scott-Algara
- Département d'Immunologie, Unité de Biologie Cellulaire des Lymphocytes, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France
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Desai N, Katare P, Makwana V, Salave S, Vora LK, Giri J. Tumor-derived systems as novel biomedical tools-turning the enemy into an ally. Biomater Res 2023; 27:113. [PMID: 37946275 PMCID: PMC10633998 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-023-00445-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex illness that presents significant challenges in its understanding and treatment. The classic definition, "a group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells in the body," fails to convey the intricate interaction between the many entities involved in cancer. Recent advancements in the field of cancer research have shed light on the role played by individual cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment as a whole in tumor development and progression. This breakthrough enables the utilization of the tumor and its components as biological tools, opening new possibilities. This article delves deeply into the concept of "tumor-derived systems", an umbrella term for tools sourced from the tumor that aid in combatting it. It includes cancer cell membrane-coated nanoparticles (for tumor theranostics), extracellular vesicles (for tumor diagnosis/therapy), tumor cell lysates (for cancer vaccine development), and engineered cancer cells/organoids (for cancer research). This review seeks to offer a complete overview of the tumor-derived materials that are utilized in cancer research, as well as their current stages of development and implementation. It is aimed primarily at researchers working at the interface of cancer biology and biomedical engineering, and it provides vital insights into this fast-growing topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimeet Desai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana, India
| | - Pratik Katare
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana, India
| | - Vaishali Makwana
- Center for Interdisciplinary Programs, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana, India
| | - Sagar Salave
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Gujarat, India
| | - Lalitkumar K Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Jyotsnendu Giri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana, India.
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Falcone N, Ermis M, Tamay DG, Mecwan M, Monirizad M, Mathes TG, Jucaud V, Choroomi A, de Barros NR, Zhu Y, Vrana NE, Kraatz HB, Kim HJ, Khademhosseini A. Peptide Hydrogels as Immunomaterials and Their Use in Cancer Immunotherapy Delivery. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2301096. [PMID: 37256647 PMCID: PMC10615713 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Peptide-based hydrogel biomaterials have emerged as an excellent strategy for immune system modulation. Peptide-based hydrogels are supramolecular materials that self-assemble into various nanostructures through various interactive forces (i.e., hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions) and respond to microenvironmental stimuli (i.e., pH, temperature). While they have been reported in numerous biomedical applications, they have recently been deemed promising candidates to improve the efficacy of cancer immunotherapies and treatments. Immunotherapies seek to harness the body's immune system to preemptively protect against and treat various diseases, such as cancer. However, their low efficacy rates result in limited patient responses to treatment. Here, the immunomaterial's potential to improve these efficacy rates by either functioning as immune stimulators through direct immune system interactions and/or delivering a range of immune agents is highlighted. The chemical and physical properties of these peptide-based materials that lead to immuno modulation and how one may design a system to achieve desired immune responses in a controllable manner are discussed. Works in the literature that reports peptide hydrogels as adjuvant systems and for the delivery of immunotherapies are highlighted. Finally, the future trends and possible developments based on peptide hydrogels for cancer immunotherapy applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natashya Falcone
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90034, USA
| | - Menekse Ermis
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90034, USA
- BIOMATEN, Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Dilara Goksu Tamay
- BIOMATEN, Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
- Department of Biotechnology, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Marvin Mecwan
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90034, USA
| | - Mahsa Monirizad
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90034, USA
| | - Tess Grett Mathes
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90034, USA
| | - Vadim Jucaud
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90034, USA
| | - Auveen Choroomi
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90034, USA
| | - Natan Roberto de Barros
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90034, USA
| | - Yangzhi Zhu
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90034, USA
| | - Nihal Engin Vrana
- SPARTHA Medical, CRBS 1 Rue Eugene Boeckel, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Heinz-Bernhard Kraatz
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E5, Canada
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Han-Jun Kim
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90034, USA
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong, 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90034, USA
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Kaczmarek M, Poznańska J, Fechner F, Michalska N, Paszkowska S, Napierała A, Mackiewicz A. Cancer Vaccine Therapeutics: Limitations and Effectiveness-A Literature Review. Cells 2023; 12:2159. [PMID: 37681891 PMCID: PMC10486481 DOI: 10.3390/cells12172159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a surge of interest in tumor microenvironment-associated cancer vaccine therapies. These innovative treatments aim to activate and enhance the body's natural immune response against cancer cells by utilizing specific antigens present in the tumor microenvironment. The goal is to achieve a complete clinical response, where all measurable cancer cells are either eliminated or greatly reduced in size. With their potential to revolutionize cancer treatment, these therapies represent a promising avenue for researchers and clinicians alike. Despite over 100 years of research, the success of therapeutic cancer vaccines has been variable, particularly in advanced cancer patients, with various limitations, including the heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment, the presence of immunosuppressive cells, and the potential for tumor escape mechanisms. Additionally, the effectiveness of these therapies may be limited by the variability of the patient's immune system response and the difficulty in identifying appropriate antigens for each patient. Despite these challenges, tumor microenvironment-targeted vaccine cancer therapies have shown promising results in preclinical and clinical studies and have the potential to become a valuable addition to current cancer treatment and "curative" options. While chemotherapeutic and monoclonal antibody treatments remain popular, ongoing research is needed to optimize the design and delivery of these therapies and to identify biomarkers that can predict response and guide patient selection. This comprehensive review explores the mechanisms of cancer vaccines, various delivery methods, and the role of adjuvants in improving treatment outcomes. It also discusses the historical background of cancer vaccine research and examines the current state of major cancer vaccination immunotherapies. Furthermore, the limitations and effectiveness of each vaccine type are analyzed, providing insights into the future of cancer vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Kaczmarek
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-866 Poznań, Poland
- Department of Cancer Diagnostics and Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Center, 61-866 Poznań, Poland
| | - Justyna Poznańska
- Scientific Society of Cancer Immunology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 61-866 Poznań, Poland; (J.P.)
| | - Filip Fechner
- Scientific Society of Cancer Immunology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 61-866 Poznań, Poland; (J.P.)
| | - Natasza Michalska
- Scientific Society of Cancer Immunology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 61-866 Poznań, Poland; (J.P.)
| | - Sara Paszkowska
- Scientific Society of Cancer Immunology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 61-866 Poznań, Poland; (J.P.)
| | - Adrianna Napierała
- Scientific Society of Cancer Immunology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 61-866 Poznań, Poland; (J.P.)
| | - Andrzej Mackiewicz
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-866 Poznań, Poland
- Department of Cancer Diagnostics and Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Center, 61-866 Poznań, Poland
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11
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Kajihara N, Tanaka Y, Takeuchi R, Kobayashi T, Tanji M, Ataka T, Nakano S, Yamada T, Takaoka A, Hasegawa Y, Seino KI, Wada H. Augmented interferon regulatory factor 7 axis in whole tumor cell vaccines prevents tumor recurrence by inducing interferon gamma-secreting B cells. Oncoimmunology 2023; 12:2213132. [PMID: 37235066 PMCID: PMC10208210 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2023.2213132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Among cancer immunotherapy, which has received great attention in recent years, cancer vaccines can potentially prevent recurrent tumors by using the exquisite power and specificity of the immune system. Specifically, whole tumor cell vaccines (WTCVs) based on surgically resected tumors have been considered to elicit robust anti-tumor immune responses by exposing various tumor-associated antigens to host immunity. However, most tumors have little immunogenicity because of immunoediting by continuous interactions with host immunity; thus, preparing WTCVs based on patient-derived non-modified tumors cannot prevent tumor onset. Hence, the immunogenicity of tumor cells must be improved for effective WTCVs. In this study, we indicate the importance of the interferon regulatory factor 7 (Irf7) axis, including Irf7 and its downstream factors, within tumor cells in regulating immunogenicity. Indeed, WTCVs that augmented the Irf7 axis have exerted remarkable recurrence-preventive effects when vaccinated after tumor inactivation by radiation. Most notably, vaccination with murine colon cancer cells that enhanced the Irf7 axis prevented the development of challenged tumors in all mice and resulted in a 100% survival rate during the observation period. Furthermore, the mechanism leading to vaccine effectiveness was mediated by interferon-gamma-producing B cells. This study provides novel insights into how to enhance tumor immunogenicity and use WTCVs as recurrence prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabeel Kajihara
- Division of Immunobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshino Tanaka
- Division of Immunobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Riko Takeuchi
- Division of Immunobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takuto Kobayashi
- Division of Immunobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masafumi Tanji
- Division of Immunobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Ataka
- Division of Immunobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shiho Nakano
- Division of Immunobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Taisho Yamada
- Division of Signaling in Cancer and Immunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akinori Takaoka
- Division of Signaling in Cancer and Immunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Hasegawa
- Laboratory of Gene Sequencing Analysis, Department of Applied Genomics, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Seino
- Division of Immunobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Haruka Wada
- Division of Immunobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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12
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Yu Z, Wang D, Qi Y, Liu J, Zhou T, Rao W, Hu K. Autologous-cancer-cryoablation-mediated nanovaccine augments systematic immunotherapy. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:1661-1677. [PMID: 36880811 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh00092c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Cancer vaccines developed from autologous tumors hold tremendous promise for individualized cancer immunotherapy. Cryoablation-induced in situ autologous antigens are capable of activating systemic immunity with low damage. However, the dissipation of cancer fragments after cryoablation induces poor immunogenicity and short-time maintenance of immunological memory. To solve this challenge, a nanovaccine with functional grippers is proposed to largely enhance the in situ grasping of tumor fragments, combined with an immune adjuvant to further strengthen the immune-therapeutic effect. Herein, maleimide-modified Pluronic F127-chitosan nanoparticles encapsulating Astragalus polysaccharide (AMNPs) are developed. The AMNPs can capture multifarious and immunogenic tumor antigens generated through cryoablation, specifically target lymph nodes and facilitate lysosome escape to activate remote dendritic cells, and modulate T cell differentiation through cross-presentation, thereby breaking the immunosuppressive microenvironment to achieve durable and robust tumor-specific immunity. In the bilateral Lewis lung cancer tumor model, AMNP-mediated cryoablation can significantly regress primary tumors (with a tumor growth inhibition rate of 100%, and a recurrence rate of 0% (30 days) and 16.67% (60 days)), inhibit untreated abscopal tumor growth (a decrease of about 3.84-fold compared with the saline group), and ultimately improve the long-term survival rate (83.33%). Collectively, the development of a lymph-node-targeted in situ cancer-cryoablation-mediated nanovaccine provides a promising approach for personalized cancer immunotherapy against metastatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyang Yu
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
- Oncology Department, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100078, China.
| | - Dawei Wang
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuxia Qi
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
- Oncology Department, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100078, China.
| | - Jing Liu
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tian Zhou
- Oncology Department, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100078, China.
| | - Wei Rao
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kaiwen Hu
- Oncology Department, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100078, China.
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13
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Han CL, Yan YC, Yan LJ, Meng GX, Yang CC, Liu H, Ding ZN, Dong ZR, Hong JG, Chen ZQ, Li T. Efficacy and security of tumor vaccines for hepatocellular carcinoma: a systemic review and meta-analysis of the last 2 decades. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:1425-1441. [PMID: 35482077 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04008-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor vaccines for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an area of intense interest. Tremendous clinical trials have been conducted globally, but the efficacy and security of tumor vaccines are elusive. The aim of our study was to evaluate the efficacy and security of tumor vaccines. METHODS All relevant studies were identified in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of science and Cochrane Library databases. Objective response rate (ORR), median overall survival (OS), or median progression-free survival (PFS) and 95% CI were meta-analyzed based on the random-effects model. The individual-level data of OS, PFS were pooled by conducting survival analysis. All observed adverse events were collected. RESULTS 31 studies containing 35 eligible cohorts with 932 HCC patients were included. The pooled ORR were 7% (95% CI 3-14%), while ORR of dendritic cell (DC) vaccine (19%, 95% CI 11-29%) were highly significant than ORR of peptide vaccine (1%, 95% CI 0-5%). The pooled median OS and PFS were 13.67 months (95% CI 8.20-22.80) and 6.19 months (95% CI 2.97-12.91), respectively. The pooled median OS (DC vaccine: median OS = 21.77 months, 95% CI 18.33-25.86; Peptide vaccine: median OS = 10.08 months, 95% CI 5.23-19.44) and PFS (DC vaccine: median PFS = 11.01 months, 95% CI 5.25-23.09; Peptide vaccine: median PFS = 1.97 months, 95% CI 1.53-2.54) of DC vaccine were also longer than that of peptide vaccine. HBV-related HCC may acquire more benefits from tumor vaccines than HCV-related HCC. In almost all studies, the observed toxicities were moderate even tiny. CONCLUSIONS Tumor vaccines for HCC, especially DC vaccine, are safe and worth exploring. More high-quality prospective studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Long Han
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wen Hua Road, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Chuan Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wen Hua Road, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Lun-Jie Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wen Hua Road, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Xiao Meng
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wen Hua Road, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Cheng Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wen Hua Road, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wen Hua Road, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Niu Ding
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wen Hua Road, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Ru Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wen Hua Road, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Guo Hong
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wen Hua Road, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wen Hua Road, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wen Hua Road, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Li Y, Zhang H, Wang R, Wang Y, Li R, Zhu M, Zhang X, Zhao Z, Wan Y, Zhuang J, Zhang H, Huang X. Tumor Cell Nanovaccines Based on Genetically Engineered Antibody-Anchored Membrane. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2208923. [PMID: 36715052 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202208923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Despite the promise in whole-tumor cell vaccines, a key challenge is to overcome the lack of costimulatory signals. Here, agonistic-antibody-boosted tumor cell nanovaccines are reported by genetically engineered antibody-anchored membrane (AAM) technology, capable of effectively activating costimulatory pathways. Specifically, the AAM can be stably constructed following genetic engineering of tumor cell membranes with anti-CD40 single chain variable fragment (scFv), an agonistic antibody to induce costimulatory signals. The nanovaccines are versatilely designed and obtained based on the anti-CD40 scFv-anchored membrane and nanotechnology. Following vaccination, the anti-CD40 scFv-anchored membrane nanovaccine (Nano-AAM/CD40) significantly facilitates dendritic cell maturation in CD40-humanized transgenic mice and subsequent adaptive immune responses. Compared to membrane-based nanovaccines alone, the enhanced antitumor efficacy in both "hot" and "cold" tumor models of the Nano-AAM/CD40 demonstrates the importance of agonistic antibodies in development of tumor-cell-based vaccines. To expand the design of nanovaccines, further incorporation of cell lysates into the Nano-AAM/CD40 to conceptually construct tumor cell-like nanovaccines results in boosted immune responses and improved antitumor efficacy against malignant tumors inoculated into CD40-humanized transgenic mice. Overall, this genetically engineered AAM technology provides a versatile design of nanovaccines by incorporation of tumor-cell-based components and agonistic antibodies of costimulatory immune checkpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials for the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences and Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
- Joint Laboratory of Nanozymes, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Haoqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials for the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences and Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
- Joint Laboratory of Nanozymes, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Ruikun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials for the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences and Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials for the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences and Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Ruonan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials for the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences and Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Mingsheng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials for the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences and Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
- Joint Laboratory of Nanozymes, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Xiangyun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials for the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences and Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
- Joint Laboratory of Nanozymes, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Molecular Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, School of Health Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, P. R. China
| | - Yajuan Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials for the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences and Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhuang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Hongkai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials for the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences and Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Xinglu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials for the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences and Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
- Joint Laboratory of Nanozymes, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
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15
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Bastin DJ, Montroy J, Kennedy MA, Martel AB, Shorr R, Ghiasi M, Boucher DM, Wong B, Gresham L, Diallo JS, Fergusson DA, Lalu MM, Kekre N, Auer RC. Safety and efficacy of autologous cell vaccines in solid tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized control trials. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3347. [PMID: 36849805 PMCID: PMC9971202 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29630-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized control trials to formally assess the safety and efficacy of autologous whole cell vaccines as immunotherapies for solid tumors. Our primary safety outcome was number, and grade of adverse events. Our primary efficacy outcome was clinical responses. Secondary outcomes included survival metrics and correlative immune assays. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for studies published between 1946 and August 2020 using any autologous whole cell product in the treatment of any solid tumor. The Cochrane Randomized Controlled Trial risk of bias tool was used to assess risk of bias. Eighteen manuscripts were identified with a total of 714 patients enrolled in control and 808 in vaccine arms. In 698 patients receiving at least one dose of vaccine, treatment was well tolerated with a total of 5 grade III or higher adverse events. Clinical response was reported in a minority (n = 2, 14%) of studies. Autologous cell vaccines were associated with improved overall (HR 1.28, 95% CI 1.01-1.63) and disease-free survival (HR 1.33, 95% CI 1.05-1.67) over thirteen and ten trials respectively. Where reported, immune assays correlated well with clinical outcomes. Our results suggest that autologous whole cell vaccination is safe and efficacious in increasing survival in patients undergoing treatment for solid tumors.Registration: PROSPERO CRD42019140187.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald J Bastin
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, General Campus, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
- Schulich School of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Joshua Montroy
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Blueprint Translational Research Group, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Michael A Kennedy
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, General Campus, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Andre B Martel
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, General Campus, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Risa Shorr
- Learning Services, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Maryam Ghiasi
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Blueprint Translational Research Group, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Dominique M Boucher
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, General Campus, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Boaz Wong
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, General Campus, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Louise Gresham
- Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jean-Simon Diallo
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, General Campus, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Dean A Fergusson
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Blueprint Translational Research Group, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Manoj M Lalu
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Blueprint Translational Research Group, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Regenerative Medicine Program, The Ottawa Health Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Natasha Kekre
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, General Campus, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Rebecca C Auer
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, General Campus, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada.
- Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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16
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Ghazvinian Z, Abdolahi S, Tokhanbigli S, Tarzemani S, Piccin A, Reza Zali M, Verdi J, Baghaei K. Contribution of natural killer cells in innate immunity against colorectal cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1077053. [PMID: 36686835 PMCID: PMC9846259 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1077053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer cells are members of the innate immune system and promote cytotoxic activity against tumor or infected cells independently from MHC recognition. NK cells are modulated by the expression of activator/inhibitory receptors. The ratio of this activator/inhibitory receptors is responsible for the cytotoxic activity of NK cells toward the target cells. Owing to the potent anti-tumor properties of NK cells, they are considered as interesting approach in tumor treatment. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cause of death in the world and the incidence is about 2 million new cases per year. Metastatic CRC is accompanied by a poor prognosis with less than three years of overall survival. Chemotherapy and surgery are the most adopted treatments. Besides, targeted therapy and immune checkpoint blockade are novel approach to CRC treatment. In these patients, circulating NK cells are a prognostic marker. The main target of CRC immune cell therapy is to improve the tumor cell's recognition and elimination by immune cells. Adaptive NK cell therapy is the milestone to achieve the purpose. Allogeneic NK cell therapy has been widely investigated within clinical trials. In this review, we focus on the NK related approaches including CAR NK cells, cell-based vaccines, monoclonal antibodies and immunomodulatory drugs against CRC tumoral cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Ghazvinian
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrokh Abdolahi
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Tokhanbigli
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shadi Tarzemani
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Andrea Piccin
- Northern Ireland Blood Transfusion Service, Belfast, United Kingdom
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Verdi
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kaveh Baghaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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17
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Oladejo M, Paulishak W, Wood L. Synergistic potential of immune checkpoint inhibitors and therapeutic cancer vaccines. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 88:81-95. [PMID: 36526110 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cancer vaccines and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) function at different stages of the cancer immune cycle due to their distinct mechanisms of action. Therapeutic cancer vaccines enhance the activation and infiltration of cytotoxic immune cells into the tumor microenvironment (TME), while ICIs, prevent and/or reverse the dysfunction of these immune cells. The efficacy of both classes of immunotherapy has been evaluated in monotherapy, but they have been met with several challenges. Although therapeutic cancer vaccines can activate anti-tumor immune responses, these responses are susceptible to attenuation by immunoregulatory molecules. Similarly, ICIs are ineffective in the absence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Further, ICIs are often associated with immune-related adverse effects that may limit quality of life and compliance. However, the combination of the improved immunogenicity afforded by cancer vaccines and restrained immunosuppression provided by immune checkpoint inhibitors may provide a suitable platform for therapeutic synergism. In this review, we revisit the history and various classifications of therapeutic cancer vaccines. We also provide a summary of the currently approved ICIs. Finally, we provide mechanistic insights into the synergism between ICIs and cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Oladejo
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX 79601, USA
| | - Wyatt Paulishak
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX 79601, USA
| | - Laurence Wood
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX 79601, USA.
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18
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Niavarani SR, St-Cyr G, Daniel L, Lawson C, Giguère H, Alkayyal AA, Tai LH. Heterologous prime-boost cellular vaccination induces potent antitumor immunity against triple negative breast cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1098344. [PMID: 36860852 PMCID: PMC9968850 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1098344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive and hard-to-treat subtype of breast cancer, affecting 10-20% of all women diagnosed with breast cancer. Surgery, chemotherapy and hormone/Her2 targeted therapies are the cornerstones of treatment for breast cancer, but women with TNBC do not benefit from these treatments. Although the prognosis is dismal, immunotherapies hold significant promise in TNBC, even in wide spread disease because TNBC is infiltrated with more immune cells. This preclinical study is proposing to optimize an oncolytic virus-infected cell vaccine (ICV) based on a prime-boost vaccination strategy to address this unmet clinical need. Methods We used various classes of immunomodulators to improve the immunogenicity of whole tumor cells in the prime vaccine, followed by their infection with oncolytic Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSVd51) to deliver the boost vaccine. For in vivo studies, we compared the efficacy of a homologous prime-boost vaccination regimen to a heterologous strategy by treating 4T1 tumor bearing BALB/c mice and further by conducting re-challenge studies to evaluate immune memory responses in surviving mice. Due to the aggressive nature of 4T1 tumor spread (akin to stage IV TNBC in human patients), we also compared early surgical resection of primary tumors versus later surgical resection combined with vaccination. Results In vitro results demonstrated that immunogenic cell death (ICD) markers and pro-inflammatory cytokines were released at the highest levels following treatment of mouse 4T1 TNBC cells with oxaliplatin chemotherapy and influenza vaccine. These ICD inducers also contributed towards higher dendritic cell recruitment and activation. With the top ICD inducers at hand, we observed that treatment of TNBC-bearing mice with the influenza virus-modified prime vaccine followed by VSVd51 infected boost vaccine resulted in the best survival. Furthermore, higher frequencies of both effector and central memory T cells along with a complete absence of recurrent tumors were observed in re-challenged mice. Importantly, early surgical resection combined with prime-boost vaccination led to improved overall survival in mice. Conclusion Taken together, this novel cancer vaccination strategy following early surgical resection could be a promising therapeutic avenue for TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guillaume St-Cyr
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Lauren Daniel
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Christine Lawson
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Hugo Giguère
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Almohanad A Alkayyal
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.,Immunology Research Program, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lee-Hwa Tai
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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Huang J, Li M, Mei B, Li J, Zhu Y, Guo Q, Huang J, Zhang G. Whole-cell tumor vaccines desialylated to uncover tumor antigenic Gal/GalNAc epitopes elicit anti-tumor immunity. J Transl Med 2022; 20:496. [PMID: 36316782 PMCID: PMC9620617 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03714-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant sialoglycans on the surface of tumor cells shield potential tumor antigen epitopes, escape recognition, and suppress activation of immunocytes. α2,3/α2,6Gal- and α2,6GalNAc (Gal/GalNAc)-linked sialic acid residues of sialoglycans could affect macrophage galactose-type lectins (MGL) mediated-antigen uptake and presentation and promote sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (Siglecs) mediated-immunosuppression. Desialylating sialoglycans on tumor cells could present tumor antigens with Gal/GalNAc residues and overcome glyco-immune checkpoints. Thus, we explored whether vaccination with desialylated whole-cell tumor vaccines (DWCTVs) triggers anti-tumor immunity in ovarian cancer (OC). METHODS Sialic acid (Sia) and Gal/GalNAc residues on OC A2780, OVCAR3, and ID8 cells treated with α2-3 neuraminidase (α2-3NA) and α2-6NA, and Sigec-9 or Siglec-E and MGL on DCs pulsed with desialylated OC cells were identified using flow cytometry (FCM); RT-qPCR determined IFNG expression of T cells, TRBV was sequenced using Sanger sequencing and cytotoxicity of αβ T cells was measured with LDH assay; Anti-tumor immunity in vivo was validated via vaccination with desialylated whole-cell ID8 vaccine (ID8 DWCTVs). RESULTS Gal/GalNAc but not Sia residues were significantly increased in the desialylated OC cells. α2-3NA-modified DWCTV increased MGL but decreased Siglec-9 or Siglec E expression on DCs. MGLbright/Siglec-9dim DCs significantly up-regulated IFNG expression and CD4/CD8 ratio of T cells and diversified the TCR repertoire of αβ T-cells that showed enhanced cytotoxic activity. Vaccination with α2-3NA-modified ID8 DWCTVs increased MGLbright/Siglec-Edim DCs in draining lymph nodes, limited tumor growth, and extended survival in tumor-challenged mice. CONCLUSION Desialylated tumor cell vaccine could promote anti-tumor immunity and provide a strategy for OC immunotherapy in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmei Huang
- grid.54549.390000 0004 0369 4060School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Meiying Li
- grid.415880.00000 0004 1755 2258Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sichuan Cancer Institute, Chengdu, China
| | - Bingjie Mei
- grid.54549.390000 0004 0369 4060School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Junyang Li
- grid.54549.390000 0004 0369 4060School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- grid.54549.390000 0004 0369 4060Department of Ultrasound, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiaoshan Guo
- grid.415880.00000 0004 1755 2258Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sichuan Cancer Institute, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianming Huang
- grid.415880.00000 0004 1755 2258Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sichuan Cancer Institute, Chengdu, China
| | - Guonan Zhang
- grid.54549.390000 0004 0369 4060School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China ,grid.54549.390000 0004 0369 4060Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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20
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Zhang X, Cui H, Zhang W, Li Z, Gao J. Engineered tumor cell-derived vaccines against cancer: The art of combating poison with poison. Bioact Mater 2022; 22:491-517. [PMID: 36330160 PMCID: PMC9619151 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor vaccination is a promising approach for tumor immunotherapy because it presents high specificity and few side effects. However, tumor vaccines that contain only a single tumor antigen can allow immune system evasion by tumor variants. Tumor antigens are complex and heterogeneous, and identifying a single antigen that is uniformly expressed by tumor cells is challenging. Whole tumor cells can produce comprehensive antigens that trigger extensive tumor-specific immune responses. Therefore, tumor cells are an ideal source of antigens for tumor vaccines. A better understanding of tumor cell-derived vaccines and their characteristics, along with the development of new technologies for antigen delivery, can help improve vaccine design. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in tumor cell-derived vaccines in cancer immunotherapy and highlight the different types of engineered approaches, mechanisms, administration methods, and future perspectives. We discuss tumor cell-derived vaccines, including whole tumor cell components, extracellular vesicles, and cell membrane-encapsulated nanoparticles. Tumor cell-derived vaccines contain multiple tumor antigens and can induce extensive and potent tumor immune responses. However, they should be engineered to overcome limitations such as insufficient immunogenicity and weak targeting. The genetic and chemical engineering of tumor cell-derived vaccines can greatly enhance their targeting, intelligence, and functionality, thereby realizing stronger tumor immunotherapy effects. Further advances in materials science, biomedicine, and oncology can facilitate the clinical translation of tumor cell-derived vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Zhang
- Changhai Clinical Research Unit, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China,Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Hengqing Cui
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Zhaoshen Li
- Changhai Clinical Research Unit, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China,Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China,Corresponding author. Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Changhai Clinical Research Unit, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China,Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China,Corresponding author. Changhai Clinical Research Unit, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
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21
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MnO2-melittin nanoparticles serve as an effective anti-tumor immunotherapy by enhancing systemic immune response. Biomaterials 2022; 288:121706. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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22
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Du X, Wu J, Zhao Y, Wang B, Ding X, Lin Q, Chen Y, Zhao J, Liu L, Mao X, Fang Z, Zhang C, Li W. Optimization of whole-cell vaccines with CpG/αOX40/cGAMP to strengthen the anti-tumor response of CD4 + T cells in melanomas. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 148:3337-3350. [PMID: 35748951 PMCID: PMC9587117 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04117-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Methods In this study, we developed a strategy for the prevention and therapy of melanoma using a whole-cell vaccine combined with a CpG/αOX40/cGAMP triple adjuvant. The CpG/αOX40/cGAMP triple adjuvant was used to co-culture melanoma cells in vitro to induce immunogenic death of tumor cells. The mixture of inactivated tumor cells and the triple drug was an optimized tumor whole-cell vaccine, which was injected subcutaneously into mice for tumor prevention and therapy. Furthermore, we analyzed the changes of immune cells in spleen and tumor by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry, and detected the changes of cytokines after vaccine application by cytometric bead array to explore the specific mechanism of vaccine. Results In vaccine prevention and therapy experiments, it was observed that the tumor growth was significantly inhibited in the whole-cell vaccine group, and the survival time of mice was significantly prolonged. Flow cytometry results showed that the proportion of CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells in tumor of mice in vaccine group was higher than that in control group, especially the CD4+ T cells. Conclusion The optimized vaccine has the unique ability to amplify tumor-specific CD4+ T cells, which improves antitumor sensitivity, and has a significant effect on the prevention and therapy of melanoma mice. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00432-022-04117-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuedan Du
- Department of Oncology, Lishui Central Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinting Wu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 2 Fuxue Road, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 2 Fuxue Road, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Ding
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 2 Fuxue Road, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuyan Lin
- Department of Oncology, Ruian City People's Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingyu Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinduo Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixiao Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolu Mao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 2 Fuxue Road, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Fang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 2 Fuxue Road, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenfeng Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 2 Fuxue Road, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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23
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Sobhani N, Scaggiante B, Morris R, Chai D, Catalano M, Tardiel-Cyril DR, Neeli P, Roviello G, Mondani G, Li Y. Therapeutic cancer vaccines: From biological mechanisms and engineering to ongoing clinical trials. Cancer Treat Rev 2022; 109:102429. [PMID: 35759856 PMCID: PMC9217071 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2022.102429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic vaccines are currently at the forefront of medical innovation. Various endeavors have been made to develop more consolidated approaches to producing nucleic acid-based vaccines, both DNA and mRNA vaccines. These innovations have continued to propel therapeutic platforms forward, especially for mRNA vaccines, after the successes that drove emergency FDA approval of two mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. These vaccines use modified mRNAs and lipid nanoparticles to improve stability, antigen translation, and delivery by evading innate immune activation. Simple alterations of mRNA structure- such as non-replicating, modified, or self-amplifying mRNAs- can provide flexibility for future vaccine development. For protein vaccines, the use of long synthetic peptides of tumor antigens instead of short peptides has further enhanced antigen delivery success and peptide stability. Efforts to identify and target neoantigens instead of antigens shared between tumor cells and normal cells have also improved protein-based vaccines. Other approaches use inactivated patient-derived tumor cells to elicit immune responses, or purified tumor antigens are given to patient-derived dendritic cells that are activated in vitro prior to reinjection. This review will discuss recent developments in therapeutic cancer vaccines such as, mode of action and engineering new types of anticancer vaccines, in order to summarize the latest preclinical and clinical data for further discussion of ongoing clinical endeavors in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Sobhani
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Bruna Scaggiante
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy.
| | - Rachel Morris
- Thunder Biotech, 395 Cougar Blvd, Provo, UT 84604, USA.
| | - Dafei Chai
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, PR China.
| | - Martina Catalano
- School of Human Health Sciences, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, Florence 50134, Italy.
| | - Dana Rae Tardiel-Cyril
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Praveen Neeli
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Giandomenico Roviello
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, Florence 50139, Italy.
| | - Giuseppina Mondani
- Royal Infirmary Hospital, Foresterhill Health Campus, Foresterhill Rd, Aberdeen AB25 2ZN, United Kingdom.
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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24
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Nadukkandy AS, Ganjoo E, Singh A, Dinesh Kumar L. Tracing New Landscapes in the Arena of Nanoparticle-Based Cancer Immunotherapy. FRONTIERS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2022.911063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, unique and comprehensive cancer treatment has ushered new hope in the holistic management of the disease. Cancer immunotherapy, which harnesses the immune system of the patient to attack the cancer cells in a targeted manner, scores over others by being less debilitating compared to the existing treatment strategies. Significant advancements in the knowledge of immune surveillance in the last few decades have led to the development of several types of immune therapy like monoclonal antibodies, cancer vaccines, immune checkpoint inhibitors, T-cell transfer therapy or adoptive cell therapy (ACT) and immune system modulators. Intensive research has established cancer immunotherapy to be a safe and effective method for improving survival and the quality of a patient’s life. However, numerous issues with respect to site-specific delivery, resistance to immunotherapy, and escape of cancer cells from immune responses, need to be addressed for expanding and utilizing this therapy as a regular mode in the clinical treatment. Development in the field of nanotechnology has augmented the therapeutic efficiency of treatment modalities of immunotherapy. Nanocarriers could be used as vehicles because of their advantages such as increased surface areas, targeted delivery, controlled surface and release chemistry, enhanced permeation and retention effect, etc. They could enhance the function of immune cells by incorporating immunomodulatory agents that influence the tumor microenvironment, thus enabling antitumor immunity. Robust validation of the combined effect of nanotechnology and immunotherapy techniques in the clinics has paved the way for a better treatment option for cancer than the already existing procedures such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In this review, we discuss the current applications of nanoparticles in the development of ‘smart’ cancer immunotherapeutic agents like ACT, cancer vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, their site-specific delivery, and modulation of other endogenous immune cells. We also highlight the immense possibilities of using nanotechnology to accomplish leveraging the coordinated and adaptive immune system of a patient to tackle the complexity of treating unique disease conditions and provide future prospects in the field of cancer immunotherapy.
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25
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Le I, Dhandayuthapani S, Chacon J, Eiring AM, Gadad SS. Harnessing the Immune System with Cancer Vaccines: From Prevention to Therapeutics. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:816. [PMID: 35632572 PMCID: PMC9146235 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10050816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prophylactic vaccination against infectious diseases is one of the most successful public health measures of our lifetime. More recently, therapeutic vaccination against established diseases such as cancer has proven to be more challenging. In the host, cancer cells evade immunologic regulation by multiple means, including altering the antigens expressed on their cell surface or recruiting inflammatory cells that repress immune surveillance. Nevertheless, recent clinical data suggest that two classes of antigens show efficacy for the development of anticancer vaccines: tumor-associated antigens and neoantigens. In addition, many different vaccines derived from antigens based on cellular, peptide/protein, and genomic components are in development to establish their efficacy in cancer therapy. Some vaccines have shown promising results, which may lead to favorable outcomes when combined with standard therapeutic approaches. This review provides an overview of the innate and adaptive immune systems, their interactions with cancer cells, and the development of various different vaccines for use in anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilene Le
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA; (I.L.); (S.D.); (J.C.)
| | - Subramanian Dhandayuthapani
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA; (I.L.); (S.D.); (J.C.)
- L. Frederick Francis Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
- Center of Emphasis in Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Jessica Chacon
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA; (I.L.); (S.D.); (J.C.)
| | - Anna M. Eiring
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA; (I.L.); (S.D.); (J.C.)
- L. Frederick Francis Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Shrikanth S. Gadad
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA; (I.L.); (S.D.); (J.C.)
- L. Frederick Francis Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
- Mays Cancer Center, UT Health San Antonio MD Anderson Cancer Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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26
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Bastin DJ, Quizi J, Kennedy MA, Kekre N, Auer RC. Current challenges in the manufacture of clinical-grade autologous whole cell vaccines for hematological malignancies. Cytotherapy 2022; 24:979-989. [PMID: 35562303 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2022.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Autologous whole cell vaccines use a patient's own tumor cells as a source of antigen to elicit an anti-tumor immune response in vivo. Recently, the authors conducted a systematic review of clinical trials employing these products in hematological cancers that showed a favorable safety profile and trend toward efficacy. However, it was noted that manufacturing challenges limit both the efficacy and clinical implementation of these vaccine products. In the current literature review, the authors sought to define the issues surrounding the manufacture of autologous whole cell products for hematological cancers. The authors describe key factors, including the acquisition, culture, cryopreservation and transduction of malignant cells, that require optimization for further advancement of the field. Furthermore, the authors provide a summary of pre-clinical work that informs how the identified challenges may be overcome. The authors also highlight areas in which future basic research would be of benefit to the field. The goal of this review is to provide a roadmap for investigators seeking to advance the field of autologous cell vaccines as it applies to hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald J Bastin
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; Schulich School of Medicine, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Jennifer Quizi
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Michael A Kennedy
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Natasha Kekre
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Rebecca C Auer
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
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27
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Ernst M, Giubellino A. The Current State of Treatment and Future Directions in Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040822. [PMID: 35453572 PMCID: PMC9029866 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is the leading cause of death among cutaneous malignancies. While its incidence is increasing, the most recent cancer statistics show a small but clear decrease in mortality rate. This trend reflects the introduction of novel and more effective therapeutic regimens, including the two cornerstones of melanoma therapy: immunotherapies and targeted therapies. Immunotherapies exploit the highly immunogenic nature of melanoma by modulating and priming the patient’s own immune system to attack the tumor. Treatments combining immunotherapies with targeted therapies, which disable the carcinogenic products of mutated cancer cells, have further increased treatment efficacy and durability. Toxicity and resistance, however, remain critical challenges to the field. The present review summarizes past treatments and novel therapeutic interventions and discusses current clinical trials and future directions.
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28
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Hu X, Zhou W, Pi R, Zhao X, Wang W. Genetically modified cancer vaccines: Current status and future prospects. Med Res Rev 2022; 42:1492-1517. [PMID: 35235212 DOI: 10.1002/med.21882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines can stimulate the immune system to protect individuals from infectious diseases. Moreover, vaccines have also been applied to the prevention and treatment of cancers. Due to advances in genetic engineering technology, cancer vaccines could be genetically modified to increase antitumor efficacy. Various genes could be inserted into cells to boost the immune response, such as cytokines, T cell costimulatory molecules, tumor-associated antigens, and tumor-specific antigens. Genetically modified cancer vaccines utilize innate and adaptive immune responses to induce durable antineoplastic capacity and prevent the recurrence. This review will discuss the major approaches used to develop genetically modified cancer vaccines and explore recent advances to increase the understanding of engineered cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Hu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Weilin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Ruyu Pi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
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29
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Meng Z, Zhang Y, Zhou X, Ji J, Liu Z. Nanovaccines with cell-derived components for cancer immunotherapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 182:114107. [PMID: 34995678 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer nanovaccines as one of immunotherapeutic approaches are able to attack tumors by stimulating tumor-specific immunological responses. However, there still exist multiple challenges to be tackled for cancer nanovaccines to evoke potent antitumor immunity. Particularly, the administration of exogenous materials may cause the off-target immunotherapy responses. In recent years, biomimetic nanovaccines by using cell lysates, cell-derived nanovesicles, or extracted cell membranes as the functional components have received extensive attention. Such nanovaccines based on cell-derived components would show many unique advantages including inherent biocompatibility and the ability to trigger immune responses against a range of tumor-associated antigens. In this review article, we will introduce the recent research progresses of those cell-derived biomimetic nanovaccines for cancer immunotherapy, and discuss the perspectives and challenges associated with the future clinical translation of these emerging vaccine platforms.
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30
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Guo J, Amini S, Lei Q, Ping Y, Agola JO, Wang L, Zhou L, Cao J, Franco S, Noureddine A, Miserez A, Zhu W, Brinker CJ. Robust and Long-Term Cellular Protein and Enzymatic Activity Preservation in Biomineralized Mammalian Cells. ACS NANO 2022; 16:2164-2175. [PMID: 35143166 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c08103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Preservation of evolved biological structure and function in robust engineering materials is of interest for storage of biological samples before diagnosis and development of vaccines, sensors, and enzymatic reactors and has the potential to avoid cryopreservation and its associated cold-chain issues. Here, we demonstrate that "freezing cells in amorphous silica" is a powerful technique for long-term preservation of whole mammalian cell proteomic structure and function at room temperature. Biomimetic silicification employs the crowded protein microenvironment of mammalian cells as a catalytic framework to proximally transform monomeric silicic acid into silicates forming a nanoscopic silica shell over all biomolecular interfaces. Silicification followed by dehydration preserves and passivates proteomic information within a nanoscale thin silica coating that exhibits size selective permeability (<3.6 nm), preventing protein leaching and protease degradation of cellular contents, while providing access of small molecular constituents for cellular enzymatic reaction. Exposure of dehydrated silicified cells to mild etchant or prolonged hydrolysis removes the silica, completely rerevealing biomolecular components and restoring their accessibility and functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Guo
- Center for Micro-Engineered Materials and the Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, Molecular Medicine, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Shahrouz Amini
- Center for Biomimetic Sensor Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637553, Singapore
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Qi Lei
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Ping
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Jacob Ongudi Agola
- Center for Micro-Engineered Materials and the Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Liang Zhou
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangfan Cao
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Stefan Franco
- Department of Internal Medicine, Molecular Medicine, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Achraf Noureddine
- Center for Micro-Engineered Materials and the Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Ali Miserez
- Center for Biomimetic Sensor Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637553, Singapore
| | - Wei Zhu
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - C Jeffrey Brinker
- Center for Micro-Engineered Materials and the Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
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Roesler AS, Anderson KS. Beyond Sequencing: Prioritizing and Delivering Neoantigens for Cancer Vaccines. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2022; 2410:649-670. [PMID: 34914074 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1884-4_35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neoantigens are tumor-specific proteins and peptides that can be highly immunogenic. Immune-mediated tumor rejection is strongly associated with cytotoxic responses to neoantigen-derived peptides in noncovalent association with self-HLA molecules. Neoantigen-based therapies, such as adoptive T cell transfer, have shown the potential to induce remission of treatment-resistant metastatic disease in select patients. Cancer vaccines are similarly designed to elicit or amplify antigen-specific T cell populations and stimulate directed antitumor immunity, but the selection and prioritization of the neoantigens remains a challenge. Bioinformatic algorithms can predict tumor neoantigens from somatic mutations, insertion-deletions, and other aberrant peptide products, but this often leads to hundreds of potential neoepitopes, all unique for that tumor. Selecting neoantigens for cancer vaccines is complicated by the technical challenges of neoepitope discovery, the diversity of HLA molecules, and intratumoral heterogeneity of passenger mutations leading to immune escape. Despite strong preclinical evidence, few neoantigen cancer vaccines tested in vivo have generated epitope-specific T cell populations, suggesting suboptimal immune system activation. In this chapter, we review factors affecting the prioritization and delivery of candidate neoantigens in the design of therapeutic and preventive cancer vaccines and consider synergism with standard chemotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Roesler
- School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Karen S Anderson
- Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA.
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
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Yang R, Zhou S, Zhou Q. In vitro naphthylquinoxaline thymidine conjugate and UVA treated cancer cells are effective therapeutic vaccines for tumors in vivo with CpG as the adjuvant. J Adv Res 2022; 35:259-266. [PMID: 35003803 PMCID: PMC8721236 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective tumor immunotherapy with in vitro NAP-UVA treated cancer cells per se Marked survival improvement with CpG as the specific adjuvant Enhanced tumor specific and infiltrating active T cells by treatment vaccine Validated efficacy on established tumors with increased dosages Potential personalized immunotherapy applications
Introduction Cancer cells induced into immunogenic cell death (ICD) in vitro can be directly used as a whole cell vaccine for tumor immunotherapy with many advantages, especially enacting immediate and intense ‘eat me’ signals to engage immune system. Unfortunately, there have been few successes with in vitro ICD cancer cells as a treatment vaccine. Objective To demonstrate that cancer cells treated in vitro with a new class of potent ICD inducer, naphthylquinoxaline thymidine conjugate (NAP) followed by UVA irradiation would be able to act as an effective tumor immunotherapy directly. Methods The therapeutic potentials of treated cancer cell plus different vaccine adjuvants were assessed by in vivo liver tumor model and in vitro mixed lymphocyte reaction studies. The elicited activated T cells were determined with immunohistochemistry and T cell induced cytotoxicity studies. Results Treatment of established H22 tumor with in vitro NAP and UVA treated cancer cell vaccine led to significantly improved survival. Further mixed lymphocyte reaction study implied that adjuvants alum and CpG would improve the therapeutic potential whereas poly IC would not be as effective. Subsequent in vivo validation of alum and CpG adjuvants indicated that only CpG in NAP and UVA treated cell vaccine resulted in markedly enhanced survival (median at 71 days and 50% tumor-free) as compared with PBS group (14.5 days, 0%) and CpG alone (36 days, 0%). It was revealed that the enhanced efficacy by CpG was specific to NAP and UVA treated cells. Moreover, the effective tumor immunotherapy was achieved through the infiltration of active CD4 and CD8 T cells in tumors and acquisition of cancer cell-specific cytotoxic CD8 T cells. Conclusion In vitro NAP and UVA treated cancer cells plus CpG adjuvant are effective tumor therapeutic vaccines per se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Yang
- Department of Nanomedicine and Biopharmaceuticals, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Shanshan Zhou
- Department of Nanomedicine and Biopharmaceuticals, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Qibing Zhou
- Department of Nanomedicine and Biopharmaceuticals, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
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Viswanath DI, Liu HC, Huston DP, Chua CYX, Grattoni A. Emerging biomaterial-based strategies for personalized therapeutic in situ cancer vaccines. Biomaterials 2022; 280:121297. [PMID: 34902729 PMCID: PMC8725170 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Landmark successes in oncoimmunology have led to development of therapeutics boosting the host immune system to eradicate local and distant tumors with impactful tumor reduction in a subset of patients. However, current immunotherapy modalities often demonstrate limited success when involving immunologically cold tumors and solid tumors. Here, we describe the role of various biomaterials to formulate cancer vaccines as a form of cancer immunotherapy, seeking to utilize the host immune system to activate and expand tumor-specific T cells. Biomaterial-based cancer vaccines enhance the cancer-immunity cycle by harnessing cellular recruitment and activation against tumor-specific antigens. In this review, we discuss biomaterial-based vaccine strategies to induce lymphocytic responses necessary to mediate anti-tumor immunity. We focus on strategies that selectively attract dendritic cells via immunostimulatory gradients, activate them against presented tumor-specific antigens, and induce effective cross-presentation to T cells in secondary lymphoid organs, thereby generating immunity. We posit that personalized cancer vaccines are promising targets to generate long-term systemic immunity against patient- and tumor-specific antigens to ensure long-term cancer remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dixita Ishani Viswanath
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA; Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan & Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hsuan-Chen Liu
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David P Huston
- Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan & Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Alessandro Grattoni
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
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Niavarani SR, Lawson C, Boudaud M, Simard C, Tai LH. Oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus-based cellular vaccine improves triple-negative breast cancer outcome by enhancing natural killer and CD8 + T-cell functionality. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 8:jitc-2019-000465. [PMID: 32179632 PMCID: PMC7073779 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2019-000465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh-Raheleh Niavarani
- Immunology and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christine Lawson
- Immunology and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie Boudaud
- Pediatrics, Université de Sherbrooke, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Camille Simard
- Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lee-Hwa Tai
- Immunology and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada .,Centre de recherche du CHUS, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
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Korbelik M. Optimization of Whole Tumor Cell Vaccines by Interaction with Phagocytic Receptors. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9080904. [PMID: 34452029 PMCID: PMC8402491 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9080904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The principal event in the function of whole-cell cancer vaccines is the ingestion of vaccine-delivered tumor antigen-containing material, which is performed by the patient's antigen-presenting cells (APCs) through the employment of their phagocytic receptors. The goal of the present study was to identify the phagocytic receptors critical for the therapeutic efficacy of whole-cell cancer vaccines. The model of photodynamic therapy (PDT)-generated vaccines based on mouse SCCVII tumors was utilized, with in vitro expanded SCCVII cells treated by PDT serving as the vaccine material used for treating mice bearing established SCCVII tumors. The therapeutic impact, monitored as delayed progression of vaccinated tumors, was almost completely eliminated when antibodies specifically blocking the activity of LOX-1 scavenger receptor were administered to mice 30 min before vaccination. Similar, but much less pronounced, impacts were found with antibodies neutralizing the activity of CR3/CR4 receptors recognizing complement-opsonized vaccine cells, and with those blocking activating Fcγ receptors that recognized IgG antibody-based opsonins. A strikingly contrary action, a greatly enhanced tumor control by the vaccine, was found by blocking immune inhibitory receptor, FcγRIIB. The reported findings establish, therefore, an attractive strategy that can be effectively exploited for potent therapeutic enhancement of PDT-generated (and probably other) whole-cell tumor vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mladen Korbelik
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
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Est-Witte SE, Livingston NK, Omotoso MO, Green JJ, Schneck JP. Nanoparticles for generating antigen-specific T cells for immunotherapy. Semin Immunol 2021; 56:101541. [PMID: 34922816 PMCID: PMC8900015 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2021.101541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
T cell therapy shows promise as an immunotherapy in both immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive applications. However, the forms of T cell-based therapy that are currently in the clinic, such as adoptive cell transfer and vaccines, are limited by cost, time-to-treatment, and patient variability. Nanoparticles offer a modular, universal platform to improve the efficacy of various T cell therapies as nanoparticle properties can be easily modified for enhanced cell targeting, organ targeting, and cell internalization. Nanoparticles can enhance or even replace endogenous cells during each step of generating an antigen-specific T cell response - from antigen presentation and T cell activation to T cell maintenance. In this review, we discuss the unique applications of nanoparticles for antigen-specific T cell therapy, focusing on nanoparticles as vaccines (to activate endogenous antigen presenting cells (APCs)), as artificial Antigen Presenting Cells (aAPCs, to directly activate T cells), and as drug delivery vehicles (to support activated T cells).
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Affiliation(s)
- Savannah E Est-Witte
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Translational Tissue Engineering Center, USA, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Natalie K Livingston
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Translational Tissue Engineering Center, USA, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Mary O Omotoso
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jordan J Green
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Translational Tissue Engineering Center, USA, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Departments of Ophthalmology, Oncology, Neurosurgery, Materials Science & Engineering, and Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, and The Bloomberg∼Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
| | - Jonathan P Schneck
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Qin L, Zhang H, Zhou Y, Umeshappa CS, Gao H. Nanovaccine-Based Strategies to Overcome Challenges in the Whole Vaccination Cascade for Tumor Immunotherapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2006000. [PMID: 33768693 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202006000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanovaccine-based immunotherapy (NBI) has received greater attention recently for its potential to prime tumor-specific immunity and establish a long-term immune memory that prevents tumor recurrence. Despite encouraging results in the recent studies, there are still numerous challenges to be tackled for eliciting potent antitumor immunity using NBI strategies. Based on the principles that govern immune response, here it is proposed that these challenges need to be addressed at the five critical cascading events: Loading tumor-specific antigens by nanoscale drug delivery systems (L); Draining tumor antigens to lymph nodes (D); Internalization by dendritic cells (DCs) (I); Maturation of DCs by costimulatory signaling (M); and Presenting tumor-peptide-major histocompatibility complexes to T cells (P) (LDIMP cascade in short). This review provides a detailed and objective overview of emerging NBI strategies to improve the efficacy of nanovaccines in each step of the LDIMP cascade. It is concluded that the balance between each step must be optimized by delicate designing and modification of nanovaccines and by combining with complementary approaches to provide a synergistic immunity in the fight against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Qin
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Chongqing Vocational College of Transportation, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Huilin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Channakeshava Sokke Umeshappa
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Huile Gao
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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38
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Koh J, Kim S, Lee SN, Kim SY, Kim JE, Lee KY, Kim MS, Heo JY, Park YM, Ku BM, Sun JM, Lee SH, Ahn JS, Park K, Yang S, Ha SJ, Lim YT, Ahn MJ. Therapeutic efficacy of cancer vaccine adjuvanted with nanoemulsion loaded with TLR7/8 agonist in lung cancer model. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2021; 37:102415. [PMID: 34174421 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2021.102415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Although immune checkpoint inhibitors have significantly improved clinical outcomes in various malignant cancers, only a small proportion of patients reap benefits, likely due to the low number of T cells and high number of immunosuppressive cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of patients with advanced disease. We developed a cancer vaccine adjuvanted with nanoemulsion (NE) loaded with TLR7/8 agonist (R848) and analyzed its therapeutic effect alone or in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors, on antitumor immune responses and the reprogramming of suppressive immune cells in the TME. NE (R848) demonstrated robust local and systemic antitumor immune responses in both subcutaneous and orthotopic mouse lung cancer models, inducing tumor-specific T cell activation and mitigating T cell exhaustion. Combination with anti-PD-1 antibodies showed synergistic effects with respect to therapeutic efficacy and survival rate. Thus, NE (R848)-based cancer vaccines could prevent tumor recurrence and prolong survival by activating antitumor immunity and reprogramming immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiae Koh
- Department of Health Science and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohyun Kim
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Department of Nano Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Nam Lee
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Department of Nano Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Kim
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Department of Nano Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Eun Kim
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Department of Nano Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Young Lee
- Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Soon Kim
- Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yeong Heo
- Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Mee Park
- Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Mi Ku
- Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Mu Sun
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Hoon Lee
- Department of Health Science and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Seok Ahn
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Keunchil Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Siyoung Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University College of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Jun Ha
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Taik Lim
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Department of Nano Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Myung-Ju Ahn
- Department of Health Science and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Tay BQ, Wright Q, Ladwa R, Perry C, Leggatt G, Simpson F, Wells JW, Panizza BJ, Frazer IH, Cruz JLG. Evolution of Cancer Vaccines-Challenges, Achievements, and Future Directions. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9050535. [PMID: 34065557 PMCID: PMC8160852 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9050535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of cancer vaccines has been intensively pursued over the past 50 years with modest success. However, recent advancements in the fields of genetics, molecular biology, biochemistry, and immunology have renewed interest in these immunotherapies and allowed the development of promising cancer vaccine candidates. Numerous clinical trials testing the response evoked by tumour antigens, differing in origin and nature, have shed light on the desirable target characteristics capable of inducing strong tumour-specific non-toxic responses with increased potential to bring clinical benefit to patients. Novel delivery methods, ranging from a patient’s autologous dendritic cells to liposome nanoparticles, have exponentially increased the abundance and exposure of the antigenic payloads. Furthermore, growing knowledge of the mechanisms by which tumours evade the immune response has led to new approaches to reverse these roadblocks and to re-invigorate previously suppressed anti-tumour surveillance. The use of new drugs in combination with antigen-based therapies is highly targeted and may represent the future of cancer vaccines. In this review, we address the main antigens and delivery methods used to develop cancer vaccines, their clinical outcomes, and the new directions that the vaccine immunotherapy field is taking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ban Qi Tay
- Faculty of Medicine, Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia; (B.Q.T.); (Q.W.); (G.L.); (F.S.); (J.W.W.); (I.H.F.)
| | - Quentin Wright
- Faculty of Medicine, Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia; (B.Q.T.); (Q.W.); (G.L.); (F.S.); (J.W.W.); (I.H.F.)
| | - Rahul Ladwa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; (C.P.); (B.J.P.)
| | - Christopher Perry
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; (C.P.); (B.J.P.)
- Department of Otolaryngology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Graham Leggatt
- Faculty of Medicine, Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia; (B.Q.T.); (Q.W.); (G.L.); (F.S.); (J.W.W.); (I.H.F.)
| | - Fiona Simpson
- Faculty of Medicine, Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia; (B.Q.T.); (Q.W.); (G.L.); (F.S.); (J.W.W.); (I.H.F.)
| | - James W. Wells
- Faculty of Medicine, Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia; (B.Q.T.); (Q.W.); (G.L.); (F.S.); (J.W.W.); (I.H.F.)
| | - Benedict J. Panizza
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; (C.P.); (B.J.P.)
- Department of Otolaryngology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Ian H. Frazer
- Faculty of Medicine, Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia; (B.Q.T.); (Q.W.); (G.L.); (F.S.); (J.W.W.); (I.H.F.)
| | - Jazmina L. G. Cruz
- Faculty of Medicine, Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia; (B.Q.T.); (Q.W.); (G.L.); (F.S.); (J.W.W.); (I.H.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-0478912737
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40
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Bastin DJ, Khan ST, Montroy J, Kennedy MA, Forbes N, Martel AB, Baker L, Gresham L, Boucher DM, Wong B, Shorr R, Diallo JS, Fergusson DA, Lalu MM, Auer RC, Kekre N. Safety and efficacy of autologous whole cell vaccines in hematologic malignancies: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Hematol Oncol 2021; 39:448-464. [PMID: 33963789 DOI: 10.1002/hon.2875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Autologous cell vaccines use a patient's tumor cells to stimulate a broad antitumor response in vivo. This approach shows promise for treating hematologic cancers in early phase clinical trials, but overall safety and efficacy remain poorly described. We conducted a systematic review assessing the use of autologous cell vaccination in treating hematologic cancers. Primary outcomes of interest were safety and clinical response, with secondary outcomes including survival, relapse rate, correlative immune assays and health-quality related metrics. We performed a search of MEDLINE, Embase and the Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials including any interventional trial employing an autologous, whole cell product in any hematologic malignancy. Risk of bias was assessed using a modified Institute of Health Economics tool. Across 20 single arm studies, only 341 of 592 enrolled participants received one or more vaccinations. Primary reasons for not receiving vaccination included rapid disease progression/death and manufacturing challenges. Overall, few high-grade adverse events were observed. One death was reported and attributed to a GM-CSF producing allogeneic cell line co-administered with the autologous vaccine. Of 58 evaluable patients, the complete response rate was 21.0% [95% CI, 10.4%-37.8%)] and overall response rate was 35.8% (95% CI, 24.4%-49.0%). Of 97 evaluable patients for survival, the 5-years overall survival rate was 64.9% (95% CI, 52.6%-77.2%) and disease-free survival was 59.7% (95% CI, 47.7%-71.7%). We conclude that, in hematologic malignancies, based on limited available data, autologous cell vaccines are safe and display a trend towards efficacy but that challenges exist in vaccine manufacture and administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald J Bastin
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Schulich School of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Sarwat T Khan
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Joshua Montroy
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Blueprint Translational Research Group, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Michael A Kennedy
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Nicole Forbes
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Andre B Martel
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura Baker
- Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Louise Gresham
- Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dominique M Boucher
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Boaz Wong
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Risa Shorr
- Learning Services, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jean-Simon Diallo
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dean A Fergusson
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Blueprint Translational Research Group, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Manoj M Lalu
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Blueprint Translational Research Group, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Regenerative Medicine Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rebecca C Auer
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Natasha Kekre
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,Department of Medicine and The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Yi X, Duan QY, Wu FG. Low-Temperature Photothermal Therapy: Strategies and Applications. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2021; 2021:9816594. [PMID: 34041494 PMCID: PMC8125200 DOI: 10.34133/2021/9816594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although photothermal therapy (PTT) with the assistance of nanotechnology has been considered as an indispensable strategy in the biomedical field, it still encounters some severe problems that need to be solved. Excessive heat can induce treated cells to develop thermal resistance, and thus, the efficacy of PTT may be dramatically decreased. In the meantime, the uncontrollable diffusion of heat can pose a threat to the surrounding healthy tissues. Recently, low-temperature PTT (also known as mild PTT or mild-temperature PTT) has demonstrated its remarkable capacity of conquering these obstacles and has shown excellent performance in bacterial elimination, wound healing, and cancer treatments. Herein, we summarize the recently proposed strategies for achieving low-temperature PTT based on nanomaterials and introduce the synthesis, characteristics, and applications of these nanoplatforms. Additionally, the combination of PTT and other therapeutic modalities for defeating cancers and the synergistic cancer therapeutic effect of the combined treatments are discussed. Finally, the current limitations and future directions are proposed for inspiring more researchers to make contributions to promoting low-temperature PTT toward more successful preclinical and clinical disease treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiulin Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Qiu-Yi Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Fu-Gen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, China
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Brouwer TP, Vahrmeijer AL, de Miranda NFCC. Immunotherapy for pancreatic cancer: chasing the light at the end of the tunnel. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2021; 44:261-278. [PMID: 33710604 PMCID: PMC7985121 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-021-00587-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Checkpoint blockade immunotherapy has had a significant impact on the survival of a subset of patients with advanced cancers. It has been particularly effective in immunogenic cancer types that present large numbers of somatic mutations in their genomes. To date, all conventional immunotherapies have failed to produce significant clinical benefits for patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer, probably due to its poor immunogenic properties, including low numbers of neoantigens and highly immune-suppressive microenvironments. CONCLUSIONS Herein, we discuss advances that have recently been made in cancer immunotherapy and the potential of this field to deliver effective treatment options for pancreatic cancer patients. Preclinical investigations, combining different types of therapies, highlight possibilities to enhance anti-tumor immunity and to generate meaningful clinical responses in pancreatic cancer patients. Results from completed and ongoing (pre)clinical trials are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Brouwer
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC
| | | | - Noel F C C de Miranda
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC.
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43
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Amanpour S. The Rapid Development and Early Success of Covid 19 Vaccines Have Raised Hopes for Accelerating the Cancer Treatment Mechanism. ARCHIVES OF RAZI INSTITUTE 2021; 76:1-6. [PMID: 33818952 PMCID: PMC8410201 DOI: 10.22092/ari.2021.353761.1612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
Abstract
The Covid-19 pandemic has brought about rapid change in medical science. The production of new generation vaccines for this disease has surprised even their most optimistic supporters. Not only have these vaccines proven to be effective, but the importance of this disease and pandemic situation also significantly shortened the long-standing process of validating such products. Vaccination is a type of immunotherapy. Researchers have long been looking at vaccines as a possible treatment for cancer (Geynisman et al., 2014). In the same way that vaccines work against infectious diseases, attempts are being made to develop vaccines to identify specific proteins on cancer cells. This helps the immune system recognize and attack cancer cells. Cancer vaccines may help: I) Prevent the growth of cancer cells (Bialkowski et al., 2016), II) Prevent recurrence of cancer (Stanton and Disis, 2015), III) Destroy cancer cells left over from other treatments. The following types of cancer vaccines are being studied: Antigen Vaccines. These vaccines are made from specific proteins or antigens of cancerous cells. Their purpose is to stimulate the immune system to attack cancer cells (Tagliamonte et al., 2014). Whole-Cell Vaccines. A whole-cell vaccine uses the entire cancer cell, not just a specific molecule (antigen), to generate the vaccine. (Keenan and Jaffee, 2012).Dendritic Cell Vaccines. Dendritic cells help the immune system identify abnormal cells, such as cancerous cells. Dendritic cells are grown with cancer cells in the laboratory to produce the vaccine. The vaccine then stimulates the immune system to attack cancer. (Wang et al., 2014; Mastelic-Gavillet et al., 2019). DNA Vaccines. These vaccines are made from DNA fragments of cancer cells. They can be injected into the body to facilitate immune system cells can better respond and kill cancer cells (Gatti-Mays et al., 2017).Other Types of Cancer Vaccines. such as Anti idiotype vaccines. This vaccine stimulates the body to generate antibodies against cancerous cells. An example of an anti-idiotype antibody is Racotumomab or Vaxira (Cancer, 2016). However, conditions and considerations after Corona does not seem to be the same as before. The current pandemic situation has also led to major changes in the pharmaceutical and Vaccine production process and international protocols. Some of the most critical issues that can accelerate the introduction of cancer vaccines are: 1. Typical drug and vaccine development timeline. A typical vaccine needs 5 to 10 years and sometimes longer to design secure funding, and get approval (Figure 1). Less than 10 percent of new drugs, which are entered in the different phases of clinical trials, are advanced to approval by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)(Cancer, 2020a). However, now the situation is not normal. Dozens of Covid 19 vaccines are starting clinical trials. Some of them use RNA and DNA technology, which delivers the body with missions to produce its antibodies against the virus. There are already at least 254 therapies and 95 vaccines related to Covid-19 being explored. However, it seems that the experiences gained in this pandemic, and advances in technology, may be effective in shortening the production path of other vaccines and drugs and the process of its approval at the national and international levels in the future. In Figure 2, the time course of production of conventional vaccines in comparison with Covid 19 vaccines (Cancer, 2020b) is shown.2. The introduction of messenger RNA (mRNA) technology into the field of prevention and treatment. Over the past decades, this technology has been considered an excellent alternative to conventional vaccination methods. Proper potency and low side effects, the possibility of fast production and relatively low production cost are its advantages. However, until recently, the instability of this molecule has been a major problem in its application. This research was started many years ago by two companies that played a significant role in developing the first Covid vaccines, so BioNTech and Moderna were able to quickly transfer their experience in the field of Covid vaccine development (Pardi et al., 2018; Moderna, 2020). Figure 3 shows how mRNA vaccines work. Bout Pfizer – BioNTech and Moderna mRNA vaccines were more than 90 % effective in preclinical stages. Millions of doses of these two vaccines are currently being injected into eligible individuals worldwide. 3. Considering the use of artificial intelligence in assessing the effectiveness of vaccines. There are always doubts about the effectiveness of the new drug in treating the disease. Once the vaccine is widely available, we will know more about its effectiveness versus it works under carefully controlled scientific testing conditions. Vaccines will continue to be monitored after use. The data collected helps professionals understand how they work in different groups of people (depending on factors such as age, ethnicity, and people with different health conditions) and also the length of protection provided by the vaccine. Artificial intelligence (AI) is an emerging field, which reaches everywhere and not only as a beneficial industrial tool but also as a practical tool in medical science and plays a crucial role in developing the computation vision, risk assessment, diagnostic, prognostic, etc. models in the field of medicine (Amisha et al., 2019). According to the wide range of AI applications in the analysis of different types of data, it can be used in vaccine production, safety assessments, clinical and preclinical studies and Covid 19 vaccines adverse reactions (CDC, 2019). Indeed, most cancer vaccines are therapeutic, rather than prophylactic, and seek to stimulate cell-mediated responses, such as those from CTLs, capable of clearing or reducing tumor burden. There are currently FDA-approved products for helping cancer treatment such as BREYANZI, TECARTUS and YESCARTA for lymphoma, IMLYGIC for melanoma, KYMRIAH for acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and PROVENGE for prostate cancer. Over the past decade, most of BioNTech's activities have been in the field of cancer vaccine design and production for melanoma (two clinical trials), breast cancer (one clinical trial), and the rest concerning viral and veterinary vaccines (two clinical trials). Also Maderno company has been working on Individualized cancer vaccines (one clinical trials), and vaccines for viral infections such as Zika and Influenza and veterinary vaccines (several clinical trials) (Pardi et al., 2018). Therefore, it can be said, mRNA technology that has been the subject of much research into the treatment of cancer has been shifted and rapidly used to produce and use the Covid 19 vaccine. The current pandemic situation has necessitated the acceleration of Covid 19 vaccines and drugs and national and international protocols for their approval. If the currently produced vaccines can continue to be as successful as the preclinical and early phase studies, these changes and evolution have raised hopes for accelerating the use of these technologies and mechanisms in the field of cancer and other diseases vaccines, including HIV and influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Amanpour
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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44
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Lokhov PG, Balashova EE. Antigenic Essence: Upgrade of Cellular Cancer Vaccines. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040774. [PMID: 33673325 PMCID: PMC7917603 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Early cancer vaccines include whole-cell formulations, which operate on the principle that you should vaccinate with what you want to develop protection against. Such vaccines have been widely tested in various cancers and their advantages described but have not yet managed to pass clinical trials. Antigenic essence technology offers the possibility to revitalize the field of whole-cell-based vaccination, as the essence comprises the entire diversity of native cellular antigens. At the same time, the technology allows for precise control and purposeful change of essence composition as well as purification of essence from ballast cellular substances and also addresses issues of major histocompatibility complex restriction. Antigenic essence technology makes it possible to update many cellular vaccines that have already been developed, as well as to develop new ones, therefore introducing a new direction for anticancer vaccination research. Abstract The development of anticancer immunotherapy is characterized by several approaches, the most recognized of which include cellular vaccines, tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), neoantigens, and chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T). This paper presents antigenic essence technology as an effective means for the production of new antigen compositions for anticancer vaccination. This technology is developed via proteomics, cell culture technology, and immunological assays. In terms of vaccine development, it does not fit into any of the above-noted approaches and can be considered a new direction. Here we review the development of this technology, its main characteristics, comparison with existing approaches, and the features that distinguish it as a novel approach to anticancer vaccination. This review will also highlight the benefits of this technology over other approaches, such as the ability to control composition, optimize immunogenicity and similarity to target cells, and evade major histocompatibility complex restriction. The first antigenic essence products, presented under the SANTAVAC brand, are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr G. Lokhov
- BioBohemia Inc., 177 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya st., 10/8, 119121 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Elena E. Balashova
- BioBohemia Inc., 177 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya st., 10/8, 119121 Moscow, Russia
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Kumar P, Sunita, Dubey KK, Shukla P. Whole-Cell Vaccine Preparation: Options and Perspectives. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2183:249-266. [PMID: 32959248 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0795-4_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines are biological preparations to elicit a specific immune response in individuals against the targetted microorganisms. The use of vaccines has caused the near eradication of many critical diseases and has had an everlasting impact on public health at a relatively low cost. Most of the vaccines developed today are based on techniques which were developed a long time ago. In the beginning, vaccines were prepared from tissue fluids obtained from infected animals or people, but at present, the scenario has changed with the development of vaccines from live or killed whole microorganisms and toxins or using genetic engineering approaches. Considerable efforts have been made in vaccine development, but there are still many diseases that need attention, and new technologies are being developed in vaccinology to combat them. In this chapter, we discuss different approaches for vaccine development, including the properties and preparation of whole-cell vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punit Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Maharshi Dayanand University Rohtak, Rohtak, Haryana, India.,Department of Clinical Immunology, Allergology and Microbiology, Karaganda Medical University, 40 Gogol Street, Karaganda, Kazakhstan
| | - Sunita
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University Rohtak, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Kashyap Kumar Dubey
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, India.
| | - Pratyoosh Shukla
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University Rohtak, Rohtak, Haryana, India.
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Buonaguro L, Tagliamonte M. Selecting Target Antigens for Cancer Vaccine Development. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8040615. [PMID: 33080888 PMCID: PMC7711972 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8040615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the principal goals of cancer immunotherapy is the development of efficient therapeutic cancer vaccines that are able to elicit an effector as well as memory T cell response specific to tumor antigens. In recent years, the attention has been focused on the personalization of cancer vaccines. However, the efficacy of therapeutic cancer vaccines is still disappointing despite the large number of vaccine strategies targeting different tumors that have been evaluated in recent years. While the preclinical data have frequently shown encouraging results, clinical trials have not provided satisfactory data to date. The main reason for such failures is the complexity of identifying specific target tumor antigens that should be unique or overexpressed only by the tumor cells compared to normal cells. Most of the tumor antigens included in cancer vaccines are non-mutated overexpressed self-antigens, eliciting mainly T cells with low-affinity T cell receptors (TCR) unable to mediate an effective anti-tumor response. In this review, the target tumor antigens employed in recent years in the development of therapeutic cancer vaccine strategies are described, along with potential new classes of tumor antigens such as the human endogenous retroviral elements (HERVs), unconventional antigens, and/or heteroclitic peptides.
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Mohamed H, Esposito RA, Kutzler MA, Wigdahl B, Krebs FC, Miller V. Nonthermal plasma as part of a novel strategy for vaccination. PLASMA PROCESSES AND POLYMERS (PRINT) 2020; 17:2000051. [PMID: 32837491 PMCID: PMC7404442 DOI: 10.1002/ppap.202000051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination has been one of the most effective health intervention mechanisms to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with infectious diseases. Vaccines stimulate the body's protective immune responses through controlled exposure to modified versions of pathogens that establish immunological memory. However, only a few diseases have effective vaccines. The biological effects of nonthermal plasma on cells suggest that plasma could play an important role in improving efficacy of existing vaccines and overcoming some of the limitations and challenges with current vaccination strategies. This review summarizes the opportunities for nonthermal plasma for immunization and therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hager Mohamed
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious DiseaseDrexel University College of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvania
| | - Rita A. Esposito
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious DiseaseDrexel University College of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvania
| | - Michele A. Kutzler
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious DiseaseDrexel University College of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvania
| | - Brian Wigdahl
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious DiseaseDrexel University College of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvania
| | - Fred C. Krebs
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious DiseaseDrexel University College of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvania
| | - Vandana Miller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious DiseaseDrexel University College of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvania
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Acebes-Fernández V, Landeira-Viñuela A, Juanes-Velasco P, Hernández AP, Otazo-Perez A, Manzano-Román R, Gongora R, Fuentes M. Nanomedicine and Onco-Immunotherapy: From the Bench to Bedside to Biomarkers. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1274. [PMID: 32610601 PMCID: PMC7407304 DOI: 10.3390/nano10071274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The broad relationship between the immune system and cancer is opening a new hallmark to explore for nanomedicine. Here, all the common and synergy points between both areas are reviewed and described, and the recent approaches which show the progress from the bench to the beside to biomarkers developed in nanomedicine and onco-immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Acebes-Fernández
- Department of Medicine and Cytometry General Service-Nucleus, CIBERONC CB16/12/00400, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (V.A.-F.); (A.L.-V.); (P.J.-V.); (A.-P.H.); (A.O.-P.); (R.G.)
| | - Alicia Landeira-Viñuela
- Department of Medicine and Cytometry General Service-Nucleus, CIBERONC CB16/12/00400, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (V.A.-F.); (A.L.-V.); (P.J.-V.); (A.-P.H.); (A.O.-P.); (R.G.)
| | - Pablo Juanes-Velasco
- Department of Medicine and Cytometry General Service-Nucleus, CIBERONC CB16/12/00400, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (V.A.-F.); (A.L.-V.); (P.J.-V.); (A.-P.H.); (A.O.-P.); (R.G.)
| | - Angela-Patricia Hernández
- Department of Medicine and Cytometry General Service-Nucleus, CIBERONC CB16/12/00400, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (V.A.-F.); (A.L.-V.); (P.J.-V.); (A.-P.H.); (A.O.-P.); (R.G.)
| | - Andrea Otazo-Perez
- Department of Medicine and Cytometry General Service-Nucleus, CIBERONC CB16/12/00400, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (V.A.-F.); (A.L.-V.); (P.J.-V.); (A.-P.H.); (A.O.-P.); (R.G.)
| | - Raúl Manzano-Román
- Proteomics Unit, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Rafael Gongora
- Department of Medicine and Cytometry General Service-Nucleus, CIBERONC CB16/12/00400, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (V.A.-F.); (A.L.-V.); (P.J.-V.); (A.-P.H.); (A.O.-P.); (R.G.)
| | - Manuel Fuentes
- Department of Medicine and Cytometry General Service-Nucleus, CIBERONC CB16/12/00400, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (V.A.-F.); (A.L.-V.); (P.J.-V.); (A.-P.H.); (A.O.-P.); (R.G.)
- Proteomics Unit, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
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Alson D, Schuyler SC, Yan BX, Samimuthu K, Qiu JT. Combination Vaccination With Tetanus Toxoid and Enhanced Tumor-Cell Based Vaccine Against Cervical Cancer in a Mouse Model. Front Immunol 2020; 11:927. [PMID: 32547541 PMCID: PMC7269150 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women with an estimated 570,000 new cases in 2018 which constitute about 6. 6% of all cancers in women according to WHO report 2018. Approximately 90% of the 270,000 deaths from cervical cancer in 2015 occurred in low- and middle-income countries. In cervical cancers, which is caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, the expression of HPV 16 E6 and E7 proteins are essential for tumor cell transformation and maintenance of malignancy. Prophylactic vaccines against cervical cancer caused by human papillomavirus have not proven successful. Although virus-like particle-based (VLPs) vaccines have been developed with prophylactic activities to prevent most HPV infections, the therapeutic effect of VLP vaccines has yet to be demonstrated for those who were already infected. A recent study showed that pre-conditioning mice with a potent antigen such as tetanus toxoid significantly improves lymph node homing and efficacy of dendritic cells. Tetanus toxoid has also been used in combination with DNA vaccines designed from tumor based antigens. In the present study, we pre-conditioned mice with tetanus toxoid followed by vaccination with a Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) overexpressing tumor-cell based vaccine (GVAX). We observed that pre-conditioning with tetanus toxoid followed by vaccination with GVAX regressed tumor growth and enhanced the overall survival of the mice. Pre-conditioning with tetanus toxoid enhanced the immune response which was observed by enlarged spleen size, higher proliferation rate of lymphocytes, a higher level of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-4 antigen-specific secretions by the splenocytes. Pre-conditioning with tetanus toxoid increased memory T cell migration into the tumor site and spleen. The antigen-specific cytotoxic T cell lysis percentage was also found to be higher in the group of mice vaccinated with the combination of tetanus toxoid and GVAX. Hence, pre-conditioning with tetanus toxoid prior to vaccination with a tumor-cell based vaccine overexpressing GM-CSF might be an effective strategy for targeting E7-specific HPV-associated cervical malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donia Alson
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Scott C Schuyler
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Division of Head & Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Xin Yan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Karthika Samimuthu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jiantai Timothy Qiu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Khan ST, Montroy J, Forbes N, Bastin D, Kennedy MA, Diallo JS, Kekre N, Fergusson DA, Lalu M, Auer RC. Safety and efficacy of autologous tumour cell vaccines as a cancer therapeutic to treat solid tumours and haematological malignancies: a meta-analysis protocol for two systematic reviews. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e034714. [PMID: 32518209 PMCID: PMC7282323 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Autologous cancer cell vaccines are promising personalised immunotherapeutic options for solid and haematological malignancies that uses the patient's own cells to arm an immune response. Evidence suggests that among patients receiving these vaccines, those who mount an immune response against their own tumour cells have better prognosis, and a myriad of preclinical studies have demonstrated the same. Recently, two autologous cell vaccines Vigil and OncoVAX have made it to phase III clinical trials. Here, we outline a protocol to be used for two separate systematic reviews using a parallel approach for inclusion criteria, data extraction and analysis for autologous cell vaccines in (1) solid and (2) haematological malignancies. We aim to review evidence from controlled and uncontrolled interventional studies of autologous cell vaccines administered to patients with cancer to determine their historical efficacy (with or without associated adjuvants or modifications) with clinical response rates and safety outcomes being of particular importance. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We will search MEDLINE (OVID interface, including In-Process and Epub Ahead of Print), Embase (OVID interface) and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Wiley interface) for articles published from 1947 until 30 July 2018 (date search was performed). Studies will be screened first by title and abstract, then by full-text in duplicate. Interventional trials that report the use of an autologous cell vaccine to patients with cancer of any age will be included. The primary outcomes of interest in this review are clinical response (complete or overall/objective response) and safety outcomes (adverse events). Secondary outcomes include immune response, disease-free survival and overall survival. The risk of bias within studies will be assessed using the appropriate Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. If appropriate, a random effects meta-analysis will be performed to synthesise the data and report summary estimates of effect. Statistical heterogeneity will be assessed using the I2 statistic. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics approval is not required for this systematic review protocol as the review will solely use published literature. Results will be submitted to peer-reviewed journals for publication and presented to relevant stakeholders and scientific meetings. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42019140187.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarwat T Khan
- Cancer Therapeutic Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joshua Montroy
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicole Forbes
- Cancer Therapeutic Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Donald Bastin
- Cancer Therapeutic Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael A Kennedy
- Cancer Therapeutic Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jean-Simon Diallo
- Cancer Therapeutic Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Natasha Kekre
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Ottawa Hospital General Campus, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dean A Fergusson
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Manoj Lalu
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rebecca C Auer
- Cancer Therapeutic Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Ottawa Hospital General Campus, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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