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Chakrabarty N, Mahajan A, Basu S, D’Cruz AK. Imaging Recommendations for Diagnosis and Management of Primary Parathyroid Pathologies: A Comprehensive Review. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2593. [PMID: 39061231 PMCID: PMC11274996 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16142593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Parathyroid pathologies are suspected based on the biochemical alterations and clinical manifestations, and the predominant roles of imaging in primary hyperparathyroidism are localisation of tumour within parathyroid glands, surgical planning, and to look for any ectopic parathyroid tissue in the setting of recurrent disease. This article provides a comprehensive review of embryology and anatomical variations of parathyroid glands and their clinical relevance, surgical anatomy of parathyroid glands, differentiation between multiglandular parathyroid disease, solitary adenoma, atypical parathyroid tumour, and parathyroid carcinoma. The roles, advantages and limitations of ultrasound, four-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT), radiolabelled technetium-99 (99mTc) sestamibi or dual tracer 99mTc pertechnetate and 99mTc-sestamibi with or without single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) or SPECT/CT, dynamic enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (4DMRI), and fluoro-choline positron emission tomography (18F-FCH PET) or [11C] Methionine (11C -MET) PET in the management of parathyroid lesions have been extensively discussed in this article. The role of fluorodeoxyglucose PET (FDG-PET) has also been elucidated in this article. Management guidelines for parathyroid carcinoma proposed by the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) have also been described. An algorithm for management of parathyroid lesions has been provided at the end to serve as a quick reference guide for radiologists, clinicians and surgeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita Chakrabarty
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Parel, Mumbai 400012, Maharashtra, India;
| | - Abhishek Mahajan
- Department of Imaging, The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust, 65 Pembroke Place, Liverpool L7 8YA, UK
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Sandip Basu
- Radiation Medicine Centre, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Tata Memorial Hospital Annexe, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Parel, Mumbai 400012, Maharashtra, India;
| | - Anil K. D’Cruz
- Apollo Hospitals, Navi Mumbai 400614, Maharashtra, India;
- Foundation of Head Neck Oncology, Mumbai 400012, Maharashtra, India
- Union International Cancer Control (UICC), 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
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2
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Schouw HM, Noltes ME, Brouwers AH, Nilsson IL, Zedenius J, Kruijff S. How nuclear imaging changed parathyroid surgical strategies through time. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2024; 51:2165-2171. [PMID: 38649491 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-024-06707-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- H M Schouw
- Department of Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M E Noltes
- Department of Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Martini Hospital, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - A H Brouwers
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - I-L Nilsson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Breast, Endocrine Tumors and Sarcoma, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Zedenius
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Breast, Endocrine Tumors and Sarcoma, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Kruijff
- Department of Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Lee Y, Park SM, Song IH, Kim BS, Park HS, Moon BS, Kim HH. Pharmacokinetic evaluation of paclitaxel, albumin-binding paclitaxel, and liposomal-encapsulated albumin-binding paclitaxel upon gastric subserosal administration. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1381406. [PMID: 38904000 PMCID: PMC11187257 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1381406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Systemic chemotherapy is typically administered following radical gastrectomy for advanced stage. To attenuate systemic side effects, we evaluated the effectiveness of regional chemotherapy using paclitaxel, albumin-paclitaxel, and liposome-encapsulated albumin-paclitaxel via subserosal injection in rat models employing nuclear medicine and molecular imaging technology. Method: Nine Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three groups: paclitaxel (n = 3), albumin-paclitaxel nano-particles (APNs; n = 3), and liposome-encapsulated APNs (n = 3). [123I]Iodo-paclitaxel ([123I]I-paclitaxel) was synthesized by conventional electrophilic radioiodination using tert-butylstannyl substituted paclitaxel as the precursor. Albumin-[123I]iodo-paclitaxel nanoparticles ([123I]APNs) were prepared using a desolvation technique. Liposome-encapsulated APNs (L-[123I]APNs) were prepared by thin-film hydration using DSPE-PEG2000, HSPC, and cholesterol. The rats in each group were injected with each test drug into the subserosa of the stomach antrum. After predetermined times (30 min, 2, 4, 8 h, and 24 h), molecular images of nuclear medicine were acquired using single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography. Results: Paclitaxel, APNs, and L-APNs showed a high cumulative distribution in the stomach, with L-APNs showing the largest area under the curve. Most drugs administered via the gastric subserosal route are distributed in the stomach and intestines, with a low uptake of less than 1% in other major organs. The time to reach the maximum concentration in the intestine for L-APNs, paclitaxel, and APNs was 6.67, 5.33, and 4.00 h, respectively. Conclusion: These preliminary results imply that L-APNs have the potential to serve as a novel paclitaxel preparation method for the regional treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoontaek Lee
- Department of Surgery, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Mi Park
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In Ho Song
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Bom Sahn Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Park
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- molim, Inc., Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Seok Moon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Ho Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
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Angkasekwinai N, Suputtamongkol Y, Tantibhedhyangkul W, Onlamoon N, Phoompoung P, Pithukpakorn M, Karuphong E, Pusuwan P, Angkasekwinai P. Efficacy of Bortezomib for Treating Anti-Interferon-Gamma Autoantibody-Associated Adult-Onset Immunodeficiency Syndrome. Clin Infect Dis 2024; 78:1033-1042. [PMID: 37947190 PMCID: PMC11006116 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciad676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, there is no effective treatment for adult-onset immunodeficiency (AOID) syndrome with anti-interferon-gamma autoantibodies (anti-IFN-γ-auto-Abs). This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of bortezomib (BTZ) for decreasing anti-IFN-γ-auto-Abs. METHODS A pre- and post-intervention study was conducted from February 2017 through June 2019 at Siriraj Hospital (Bangkok, Thailand). Five patients were invited to receive once-weekly BTZ (1.3 mg/m2 body surface area) subcutaneously for 8 weeks followed by oral cyclophosphamide (1 mg/kg/d) for 4 months. The primary outcomes were the difference in antibody level at 8 and 48 weeks compared with baseline and the incidence of serious adverse events (AEs). The secondary outcome was the occurrence of opportunistic infections (OIs) during the 72 weeks after starting BTZ. RESULTS The median patient age was 46 years (range, 34-53). All patients had 3-5 OIs prior to enrollment. All patients were receiving antimycobacterial agents for treatment of nontuberculous mycobacterial infection at enrollment. There was no significant difference in the mean optical density of auto-Abs at 8 weeks (3.73 ± 0.72) or 48 weeks (3.74 ± 0.53) compared with baseline (3.84 ± 0.49; P = .336 and P = .555, respectively). However, after serum dilution, the antibody titer nonsignificantly decreased 8-16 weeks after BTZ initiation (P = .345). Ten OIs were observed 24-72 weeks after BTZ initiation. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with BTZ followed by cyclophosphamide yielded no significant decrease in antibody titer levels, and 10 OIs were observed during 24-72 weeks of BTZ treatment. No serious AEs were observed. Combining rituximab with BTZ is likely necessary to prevent generation of new autoantibody-producing plasma cells. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT03103555.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasikarn Angkasekwinai
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yupin Suputtamongkol
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wiwit Tantibhedhyangkul
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nattawat Onlamoon
- Research Group in Immunobiology and Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pakpoom Phoompoung
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Manop Pithukpakorn
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ekkapun Karuphong
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pawana Pusuwan
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pornpimon Angkasekwinai
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Science, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
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Ndlovu H, Lawal IO, Mokoala KMG, Sathekge MM. Imaging Molecular Targets and Metabolic Pathways in Breast Cancer for Improved Clinical Management: Current Practice and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1575. [PMID: 38338854 PMCID: PMC10855575 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Timely decision-making that enables implementation of the most appropriate therapy or therapies is essential for achieving the best clinical outcomes in breast cancer. While clinicopathologic characteristics and immunohistochemistry have traditionally been used in decision-making, these clinical and laboratory parameters may be difficult to ascertain or be equivocal due to tumor heterogeneity. Tumor heterogeneity is described as a phenomenon characterized by spatial or temporal phenotypic variations in tumor characteristics. Spatial variations occur within tumor lesions or between lesions at a single time point while temporal variations are seen as tumor lesions evolve with time. Due to limitations associated with immunohistochemistry (which requires invasive biopsies), whole-body molecular imaging tools such as standard-of-care [18F]FDG and [18F]FES PET/CT are indispensable in addressing this conundrum. Despite their proven utility, these standard-of-care imaging methods are often unable to image a myriad of other molecular pathways associated with breast cancer. This has stimulated interest in the development of novel radiopharmaceuticals targeting other molecular pathways and processes. In this review, we discuss validated and potential roles of these standard-of-care and novel molecular approaches. These approaches' relationships with patient clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical characteristics as well as their influence on patient management will be discussed in greater detail. This paper will also introduce and discuss the potential utility of novel PARP inhibitor-based radiopharmaceuticals as non-invasive biomarkers of PARP expression/upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honest Ndlovu
- Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure (NuMeRI), Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (H.N.); (K.M.G.M.)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria & Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Private Bag X169, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
| | - Ismaheel O. Lawal
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria & Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Private Bag X169, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Kgomotso M. G. Mokoala
- Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure (NuMeRI), Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (H.N.); (K.M.G.M.)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria & Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Private Bag X169, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
| | - Mike M. Sathekge
- Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure (NuMeRI), Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (H.N.); (K.M.G.M.)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria & Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Private Bag X169, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
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Dhoundiyal S, Srivastava S, Kumar S, Singh G, Ashique S, Pal R, Mishra N, Taghizadeh-Hesary F. Radiopharmaceuticals: navigating the frontier of precision medicine and therapeutic innovation. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:26. [PMID: 38183131 PMCID: PMC10768149 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01627-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
This review article explores the dynamic field of radiopharmaceuticals, where innovative developments arise from combining radioisotopes and pharmaceuticals, opening up exciting therapeutic possibilities. The in-depth exploration covers targeted drug delivery, delving into passive targeting through enhanced permeability and retention, as well as active targeting using ligand-receptor strategies. The article also discusses stimulus-responsive release systems, which orchestrate controlled release, enhancing precision and therapeutic effectiveness. A significant focus is placed on the crucial role of radiopharmaceuticals in medical imaging and theranostics, highlighting their contribution to diagnostic accuracy and image-guided curative interventions. The review emphasizes safety considerations and strategies for mitigating side effects, providing valuable insights into addressing challenges and achieving precise drug delivery. Looking ahead, the article discusses nanoparticle formulations as cutting-edge innovations in next-generation radiopharmaceuticals, showcasing their potential applications. Real-world examples are presented through case studies, including the use of radiolabelled antibodies for solid tumors, peptide receptor radionuclide therapy for neuroendocrine tumors, and the intricate management of bone metastases. The concluding perspective envisions the future trajectory of radiopharmaceuticals, anticipating a harmonious integration of precision medicine and artificial intelligence. This vision foresees an era where therapeutic precision aligns seamlessly with scientific advancements, ushering in a new epoch marked by the fusion of therapeutic resonance and visionary progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivang Dhoundiyal
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, 203201, India
| | - Shriyansh Srivastava
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, 203201, India.
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), Sector 3 Pushp Vihar, New Delhi, 110017, India.
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), Sector 3 Pushp Vihar, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Gaaminepreet Singh
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University (CWRU), Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sumel Ashique
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bengal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research, Durgapur, 713212, West Bengal, India
| | - Radheshyam Pal
- Department of Pharmacology, Pandaveswar School of Pharmacy, Pandaveswar, 713346, West Bengal, India
| | - Neeraj Mishra
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Madhya Pradesh, Gwalior, 474005, MP, India
| | - Farzad Taghizadeh-Hesary
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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7
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Garcia N, Ulin M, Yang Q, Ali M, Bosland MC, Zeng W, Chen L, Al-Hendy A. Survivin-Sodium Iodide Symporter Reporter as a Non-Invasive Diagnostic Marker to Differentiate Uterine Leiomyosarcoma from Leiomyoma. Cells 2023; 12:2830. [PMID: 38132150 PMCID: PMC10741838 DOI: 10.3390/cells12242830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Leiomyosarcoma (LMS) has been challenging to diagnose because of limitations in clinical and radiographic predictors, as well as the lack of reliable serum or urinary biomarkers. Most uterine masses consist of benign leiomyoma (LM). However, it is currently a significant challenge in gynecology practice to differentiate LMS from LM. This inability poses grave consequences for patients, leading to a high number of unnecessary hysterectomies, infertility, and other major morbidities and possible mortalities. This study aimed to evaluate the use of Survivin-Sodium iodide symporter (Ad-Sur-NIS) as a reporter gene biomarker to differentiate malignant LMS from benign LM by using an F18-NaBF4 PET/CT scan. The PET/CT scan images showed a significantly increased radiotracer uptake and a decreased radiotracer decay attributable to the higher abundance of Ad-Sur-NIS in the LMS tumors compared to LM (p < 0.05). An excellent safety profile was observed, with no pathological or metabolic differences detected in Ad-Sur-NIS-treated animal versus the vehicle control. Ad-Sur-NIS as a PET scan reporter is a promising imaging biomarker that can differentiate uterine LMS from LM using F18-NaBF4 as a radiotracer. As a new diagnostic method, the F18 NaBF4 PET/CT scan can provide a much-needed tool in clinical practices to effectively triage women with suspicious uterine masses and avoid unnecessary invasive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Garcia
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA; (N.G.); (M.U.); (Q.Y.); (M.A.); (W.Z.); (L.C.)
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mara Ulin
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA; (N.G.); (M.U.); (Q.Y.); (M.A.); (W.Z.); (L.C.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Chicago, IL 11537, USA
| | - Qiwei Yang
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA; (N.G.); (M.U.); (Q.Y.); (M.A.); (W.Z.); (L.C.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Mohamed Ali
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA; (N.G.); (M.U.); (Q.Y.); (M.A.); (W.Z.); (L.C.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Maarten C. Bosland
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA;
| | - Weiqiao Zeng
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA; (N.G.); (M.U.); (Q.Y.); (M.A.); (W.Z.); (L.C.)
| | - Liaohai Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA; (N.G.); (M.U.); (Q.Y.); (M.A.); (W.Z.); (L.C.)
| | - Ayman Al-Hendy
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA; (N.G.); (M.U.); (Q.Y.); (M.A.); (W.Z.); (L.C.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Kuehl NJ, Taylor MT. Rapid Biomolecular Trifluoromethylation Using Cationic Aromatic Sulfonate Esters as Visible-Light-Triggered Radical Photocages. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:22878-22884. [PMID: 37819426 PMCID: PMC11076010 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Described here is a photodecaging approach to radical trifluoromethylation of biomolecules. This was accomplished by designing a quinolinium sulfonate ester that, upon absorption of visible light, achieves decaging via photolysis of the sulfonate ester to ultimately liberate free trifluoromethyl radicals that are trapped by π-nucleophiles in biomolecules. This photodecaging process enables protein and protein-interaction mapping experiments using trifluoromethyl radicals that require only 1 s reaction times and low photocage concentrations. In these experiments, aromatic side chains are labeled in an environmentally dependent fashion, with selectivity observed for tryptophan (Trp), followed by histidine (His) and tyrosine (Tyr). Scalable peptide trifluoromethylation through photodecaging is also demonstrated, where bespoke peptides harboring trifluoromethyl groups at tryptophan residues can be synthesized with 5-7 min reaction times and good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Kuehl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, United States
| | - Michael T. Taylor
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
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9
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Gulati S, Chumber S, Puri G, Spalkit S, Damle NA, Das CJ. Multi-modality parathyroid imaging: A shifting paradigm. World J Radiol 2023; 15:69-82. [PMID: 37035829 PMCID: PMC10080580 DOI: 10.4329/wjr.v15.i3.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The goal of parathyroid imaging in hyperparathyroidism is not diagnosis, rather it is the localization of the cause of hyperparathyroidism for planning the best therapeutic approach. Hence, the role of imaging to accurately and precisely localize the abnormal parathyroid tissue is more important than ever to facilitate minimally invasive parathyroidectomy over bilateral neck exploration. The common causes include solitary parathyroid adenoma, multiple parathyroid adenomas, parathyroid hyperplasia and parathyroid carcinoma. It is highly imperative for the radiologist to be cautious of the mimics of parathyroid lesions like thyroid nodules and lymph nodes and be able to differentiate them on imaging. The various imaging modalities available include high resolution ultrasound of the neck, nuclear imaging studies, four-dimensional computed tomography (4D CT) and magnetic resonance imaging. Contrast enhanced ultrasound is a novel technique which has been recently added to the armamentarium to differentiate between parathyroid adenomas and its mimics. Through this review article we wish to review the imaging features of parathyroid lesions on various imaging modalities and present an algorithm to guide their radiological differentiation from mimics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrea Gulati
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Interventional Radiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, Delhi, India
| | - Sunil Chumber
- Department of Surgical Disciplines, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, Delhi, India
| | - Gopal Puri
- Department of Surgical Disciplines, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, Delhi, India
| | - Stanzin Spalkit
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Interventional Radiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, Delhi, India
| | - N A Damle
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, Delhi, India
| | - CJ Das
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Interventional Radiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, Delhi, India
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10
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Araz M, Soydal Ç, Sütçü G, Kıvrak H, Sak SD, Kır KM, Küçük NÖ. The relationship between 18F-FCH uptake intensity and cell content in parathyroid lesions. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2023; 280:2905-2910. [PMID: 36790722 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-023-07870-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the relationship between cell content and histopathological features of parathyroid lesions and 18F-FCH uptake intensity on PET/CT images. METHODS Patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (age > 18) who were referred to 18F-FCH PET/CT were involved. All patients underwent parathyroidectomy. Correlation of SUVmax with following factors were statistically analysed: serum PTH, Ca, P levels and histopathological parameters, total absolute amounts of chief cell, oxyphyllic cell and clear cell components calculated by the multiplication of the volume of the parathyroid lesion and the percentage of each type of cell content (called as Absolutechief, Absoluteoxyphyllic and Absoluteclear reflecting the total amount of each cell group). RESULTS A total of 34 samples from 34 patients (6M, 28F, mean age: 53.32 ± 15.15, min: 14, max: 84) who had a positive 18F-FCH PET/CT localizing at least one parathyroid lesion were involved. In the whole study group, SUVmax was found to be correlated with the greatest diameter and volume of the lesion and Absolutechief (p = 0.004, p = 0.002 and p = 0.035, respectively). In the subgroup analysis of 28 samples with longest diameter > 1 cm, the correlation between SUVmax and Absolutechief remained significant (p = 0.036) and correlation between SUVmax and volume and longest diameter became stronger (p = 0.011 and p > 0.001, respectively). No correlation was found between SUVmax and Absoluteoxyphyllic or Absoluteclear. CONCLUSIONS There might be a relationship between 18F-FCH uptake intensity and chief cell content in patients with parathyroid adenoma. Further studies with larger patient groups would be beneficial to support the data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mine Araz
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty, Ankara University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Çiğdem Soydal
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty, Ankara University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gizem Sütçü
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty, Ankara University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hale Kıvrak
- Department of Pathology, Ankara University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Serpil Dizbay Sak
- Department of Pathology, Ankara University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey
| | - K Metin Kır
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty, Ankara University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey
| | - N Özlem Küçük
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty, Ankara University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey
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11
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Broos WA, Knol RJ, Zant FMVD, Schaper NC, Wondergem M. Incidental Findings on 18F-Fluorocholine PET/CT for Parathyroid Imaging. World J Nucl Med 2022; 21:192-199. [PMID: 36060082 PMCID: PMC9436517 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1751031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction
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F-choline positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is an upcoming imaging technique for the localization of hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands. However,
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F-choline is a nonspecific tracer that also accumulates in malignancies, inflammatory lesions, and several other benign abnormalities. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence and relevance of incidental findings on
18
F-choline PET/CT for parathyroid localization.
Materials and Methods
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F-choline PET/CTs performed in our center for parathyroid localization from 2015 to 2019 were reviewed. Abnormal uptake of
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F-choline, with or without anatomical substrate on the co-registered low-dose CT and also incidental findings on CT without increased
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F-choline uptake were recorded. Each finding was correlated with follow-up data from the electronic medical records.
Results
A total of 388
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F-choline PET/CTs were reviewed, with 247 incidental findings detected in 226 patients (58%): 82
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F-choline positive findings with corresponding pathology on CT, 16 without CT substrate, and 149
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F-choline negative abnormalities on CT. Malignant lesions were detected in 10/388 patients (2.6%). Of all 98 detected
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F-choline positive lesions, 15 were malignant (15.3%), concerning 4 metastases and 11 primary malignancies: breast carcinoma (
n
= 7), lung carcinoma (
n
= 2), thyroid carcinoma (
n
= 1), and skin melanoma (
n
= 1).
Conclusion
Clinically relevant incidental findings were observed in a substantial number of patients. In 15.3% of the incidental
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F-choline positive findings, the lesions were malignant. These data contribute to better knowledge of
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F-choline distribution, enhance interpretation of
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F-choline PET/CT, and guide follow-up of incidental findings. Attention should especially be paid to breast lesions in this particular patient group with hyperparathyroidism in which women are typically over-represented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter A.M. Broos
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Northwest Clinics, Alkmaar, the Netherlands
- CAPHRI School for Care and Public Health Research, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Remco J.J. Knol
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Northwest Clinics, Alkmaar, the Netherlands
| | | | - Nicolaas C. Schaper
- CAPHRI School for Care and Public Health Research, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Maurits Wondergem
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Northwest Clinics, Alkmaar, the Netherlands
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12
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Lee D, Yun T, Kim S, Koo Y, Chae Y, Kim S, Chang D, Yang MP, Kim H, Kang BT. Case Report: 18F-Fluoro-L-Phenylalanine Positron Emission Tomography Findings and Immunoreactivity for L-Type Amino Acid Transporter 1 in a Dog With Meningioma. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:899229. [PMID: 35909694 PMCID: PMC9334767 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.899229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A 12-year-old intact female Miniature Pinscher dog weighing 5.4 kg presented with a history of seizures. On neurological examination, postural reactions were decreased in the left-sided limbs, and menace responses were bilaterally absent. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain was performed, and a solitary amorphous mass (2.7 × 1.9 × 2.2 cm) was observed on the right side of the frontal lobe. Based on the signalment, clinical signs, and MRI findings, a brain tumor was tentatively diagnosed, and meningioma was suspected. The dog was treated with hydroxyurea, prednisolone, and other antiepileptic drugs. One week after the treatment began, postural reactions returned to normal, and the menace response improved. At 119 days after treatment, 18F-fluoro-L-phenylalanine (18F-FDOPA) positron emission tomography (PET) was performed. Marked 18F-FDOPA uptake was observed in the lesion. The mean and maximal standardized uptake values of the lesion were 2.61 and 3.72, respectively, and the tumor-to-normal tissue ratio was 1.95. At 355 days after the initial treatment, a second MRI scan was performed and the tumor size had increased to 3.5 × 2.8 × 2.9 cm. The dog died 443 days after the initial treatment and was definitively diagnosed with grade 1 meningioma by histopathological examination. Immunohistochemical staining for Ki67 and L-type amino acid transporter 1 was positive and negative for p53, respectively. The labeling index of Ki67 was 2.4%. This is the first case to demonstrate 18F-FDOPA PET findings in a clinical case of a dog histologically diagnosed with a meningioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dohee Lee
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Taesik Yun
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Sanggu Kim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology and Platelet Signaling, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Yoonhoi Koo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Yeon Chae
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Soochong Kim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology and Platelet Signaling, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Dongwoo Chang
- Department of Veterinary Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Mhan-Pyo Yang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Hakhyun Kim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Byeong-Teck Kang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Byeong-Teck Kang
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13
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PET Imaging of Estrogen Receptors for Gynecological Tumors. Clin Nucl Med 2022; 47:e481-e488. [PMID: 35675139 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000004258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT In the past few decades, PET with 18F-FDG has been used for the diagnosis of gynecological malignancies and is considered to be superior to conventional imaging methods in diagnostic accuracy for detecting metastatic lesions and local recurrence and in evaluating the treatment response. On the other hand, several gynecological tumors, such as endometrial cancer and leiomyoma, and breast cancer are estrogen-dependent, in which estrogen is essential for their development and progression. 18F-FES is an 18F-labeled compound of estradiol, the most bioactive type of estrogen, and 18F-FES PET has been well-established for diagnosis, staging, and posttherapeutic follow-up in patients with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Compared with in vitro assessment of tumor biopsy material, PET imaging has the advantages of being able to measure in vivo tumor behavior, characterize the entire tumor burden, and capture the heterogeneity of the tumor phenotype. In this article, we review the phenotyping of estrogen-related gynecological tumors other than breast cancer using 18F-FES PET and demonstrate the additional value of 18F-FES PET to 18F-FDG PET in their diagnosis and prognostication. Moreover, promising PET tracers other than 18F-FES and 18F-FDG for the evaluation of estrogen-related gynecological tumors are introduced.
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14
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Wang S, Gai Y, Li M, Fang H, Xiang G, Ma X. Synthesis of a new bifunctional NODA for bioconjugation with PSMA ligand and one-step Al 18F labeling. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 60:116687. [PMID: 35278818 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The Al18F labeling method is a relatively new approach that allows radiofluorination of biomolecules such as peptides and proteins in a one-step procedure and in an aqueous solution. However, instability of the complex of [AlF]2+ with hexadentate chelator NOTA may attribute to the disassociation of free 18F- and [Al18F]2+ and accumulation in bone. In this study, we designed and synthesized a new bifunctional pentadentate AlF-chelator p-SCN-PhPr-NODA as well as its nitro form p-NO2-PhPr-NODA. Chelator p-NO2-PhPr-NODA exhibited increased Al (III) complexation kinetics determined by AA III complexation kinetic studies and stronger coordination ability towards [AlF]2+ according to DFT calculation studies in comparison with hexadentate chelator NOTA. As a proof of concept, bifunctional chelator p-SCN-PhPr-NODA was furthermore conjugated to a PSMA targeting moiety Glu-urea-Lys to form NODA-PrPh-GuL. The conjugated peptide showed acceptable radiochemical yield (12.5-16.4%) and efficiency with an excellent radiochemical purity (∼100% after SPE purification) in Al18F labeling. The labeled peptide exhibited good in vitro stability and significant specificity for PSMA. Biodistribution study and MicroPET scan in healthy Kun Ming mice with the labeled peptide were performed and demonstrated excellent in vivo stability of Al18F-labeled construct. In general, the successful application of the new bifunctional chelator in labeling dipeptide Glu-urea-Lys with Al18F could facilitate its possibility in conjugating with other peptides for PET imaging with enhanced in vivo stability, thus providing better in vivo performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yongkang Gai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Mengting Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Hanyi Fang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Guangya Xiang
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Xiang Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.
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15
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Morris MA, Saboury B, Ahlman M, Malayeri AA, Jones EC, Chen CC, Millo C. Parathyroid Imaging: Past, Present, and Future. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 12:760419. [PMID: 35283807 PMCID: PMC8914059 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.760419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of parathyroid imaging is to identify all sources of excess parathyroid hormone secretion pre-operatively. A variety of imaging approaches have been evaluated and utilized over the years for this purpose. Ultrasound relies solely on structural features and is without radiation, however is limited to superficial evaluation. 4DCT and 4DMRI provide enhancement characteristics in addition to structural features and dynamic enhancement has been investigated as a way to better distinguish parathyroid from adjacent structures. It is important to recognize that 4DCT provides valuable information however results in much higher radiation dose to the thyroid gland than the other available examinations, and therefore the optimal number of phases is an area of controversy. Single-photon scintigraphy with 99mTc-Sestamibi, or dual tracer 99mTc-pertechnetate and 99mTc-sestamibi with or without SPECT or SPECT/CT is part of the standard of care in many centers with availability and expertise in nuclear medicine. This molecular imaging approach detects cellular physiology such as mitochondria content found in parathyroid adenomas. Combining structural imaging such as CT or MRI with molecular imaging in a hybrid approach allows the ability to obtain robust structural and functional information in one examination. Hybrid PET/CT is widely available and provides improved imaging and quantification over SPECT or SPECT/CT. Emerging PET imaging techniques, such as 18F-Fluorocholine, have the exciting potential to reinvent parathyroid imaging. PET/MRI may be particularly well suited to parathyroid imaging, where available, because of the ability to perform dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging and co-registered 18F-Fluorocholine PET imaging simultaneously with low radiation dose to the thyroid. A targeted agent specific for a parathyroid tissue biomarker remains to be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Clara C. Chen
- National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Center, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Corina Millo
- National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Center, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
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16
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Kairemo K, Macapinlac HA. Oncology, bone metastases. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822960-6.00032-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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17
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Damuka N, Dodda M, Bansode AH, Sai KKS. PET Use in Cancer Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prognosis. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2413:23-35. [PMID: 35044651 PMCID: PMC9136679 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1896-7_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Tumorigenesis is a multistep process marked by variations in numerous metabolic pathways that affect cellular architectures and functions. Cancer cells reprogram their energy metabolism to enable several basic molecular functions, including membrane biosynthesis, receptor regulations, bioenergetics, and redox stress. In recent years, cancer diagnosis and treatment strategies have targeted these specific metabolic changes and the tumor's interactions with its microenvironment. Positron emission tomography (PET) captures all molecular alterations leading to abnormal function and cancer progression. As a result, the development of PET radiotracers increasingly focuses on irregular biological pathways or cells that overexpress receptors that have the potential to function as biomarkers for early diagnosis and treatment measurements as well as research. This chapter reviews both established and evolving PET radiotracers used to image tumor biology. We have also included a few advantages and disadvantages of the routinely used PET radiotracers in cancer imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Damuka
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157
| | - Meghana Dodda
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157
| | - Avinash H Bansode
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157
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18
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PET Imaging in Cardiac Sarcoidosis: A Narrative Review with Focus on Novel PET Tracers. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14121286. [PMID: 34959686 PMCID: PMC8704408 DOI: 10.3390/ph14121286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a multi-system inflammatory disease characterized by the development of inflammation and noncaseating granulomas that can involve nearly every organ system, with a predilection for the pulmonary system. Cardiac involvement of sarcoidosis (CS) occurs in up to 70% of cases, and accounts for a significant share of sarcoid-related mortality. The clinical presentation of CS can range from absence of symptoms to conduction abnormalities, heart failure, arrhythmias, valvular disease, and sudden cardiac death. Given the significant morbidity and mortality associated with CS, timely diagnosis is important. Traditional imaging modalities and histologic evaluation by endomyocardial biopsy often provide a low diagnostic yield. Cardiac positron emission tomography (PET) has emerged as a leading advanced imaging modality for the diagnosis and management of CS. This review article will summarize several aspects of the current use of PET in CS, including indications for use, patient preparation, image acquisition and interpretation, diagnostic and prognostic performance, and evaluation of treatment response. Additionally, this review will discuss novel PET radiotracers currently under study or of potential interest in CS.
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19
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Wu LA, Yen RF, Shih TTF, Chen KL, Wang J. Diagnostic Performance of Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and 18F-Fluorocholine PET to Differentiate Benign From Malignant Breast Lesions. Clin Nucl Med 2021; 46:896-903. [PMID: 34606485 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000003869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and 18F-fluorocholine (FCH) PET for suspicious breast findings on conventional imaging (mammography and breast ultrasound). METHODS From September 2012 to December 2015, 37 women with 39 breast lesions on conventional imaging were enrolled and underwent proton MRS and FCH PET. The MRS parameters of choline signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), choline integral (I(cho)), and the PET parameters including SUVmax in the prone (SUV1) and supine (SUV2) positions were analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic curves with the area under the curve, sensitivity, and specificity under the optimal cutoff points for the different parameters were determined. RESULTS Twenty-three lesions (59%) were malignant, and 16 (41.0%) were benign. The malignant lesions tended to show significantly higher MRS and PET parameters than benign lesions (choline SNR, P = 0.007; I(cho), P = 0.003; SUV1 and SUV2, P < 0.0001). Fair to moderate correlations were noted between the choline SNR and PET parameters (SUV1, Spearman rank correlation coefficient, ρ = 0.477; SUV2, ρ = 0.483), as well as I(cho) and PET parameters (SUV1, ρ = 0.493; SUV2, ρ = 0.549). The SUV2 showed the highest diagnostic performance (area under the curve, 0.918). Using 2.5 as the optimal cutoff point, the SUV2 yields 89.5% sensitivity and 87.5% specificity for differentiating malignant from benign lesions. CONCLUSION The MRS parameters were fairly to moderately correlated with FCH PET parameters, and both could differentiate malignant from benign breast lesions with SUV2 showing best diagnostic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kuan-Lin Chen
- Department of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Hospital
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20
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Oncologic Imaging of the Lymphatic System: Current Perspective with Multi-Modality Imaging and New Horizon. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13184554. [PMID: 34572781 PMCID: PMC8465736 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic system is an anatomically complex vascular network that is responsible for interstitial fluid homeostasis, transport of large interstitial particles and cells, immunity, and lipid absorption in the gastrointestinal tract. This network of specially adapted vessels and lymphoid tissue provides a major pathway for metastatic spread. Many malignancies produce vascular endothelial factors that induce tumoral and peritumoral lymphangiogenesis, increasing the likelihood for lymphatic spread. Radiologic evaluation for disease staging is the cornerstone of oncologic patient treatment and management. Multiple imaging modalities are available to access both local and distant metastasis. In this manuscript, we review the anatomy, physiology, and imaging of the lymphatic system.
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21
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Jamtani I, Lee KW, Choi Y, Choi Y, Lee JM, Han ES, Hong K, Choi GS, Kim JM, Yi NJ, Hong SK, Byun J, Hong SY, Suh S, Joh JW, Suh KS. Tailored Prediction Model of Survival after Liver Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10132869. [PMID: 34203396 PMCID: PMC8268829 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10132869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to create a tailored prediction model of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)-specific survival after transplantation based on pre-transplant parameters. Data collected from June 2006 to July 2018 were used as a derivation dataset and analyzed to create an HCC-specific survival prediction model by combining significant risk factors. Separate data were collected from January 2014 to June 2018 for validation. The prediction model was validated internally and externally. The data were divided into three groups based on risk scores derived from the hazard ratio. A combination of patient demographic, laboratory, radiological data, and tumor-specific characteristics that showed a good prediction of HCC-specific death at a specific time (t) were chosen. Internal and external validations with Uno’s C-index were 0.79 and 0.75 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.65–0.86), respectively. The predicted survival after liver transplantation for HCC (SALT) at a time “t” was calculated using the formula: [1 − (HCC-specific death(t’))] × 100. The 5-year HCC-specific death and recurrence rates in the low-risk group were 2% and 5%; the intermediate-risk group was 12% and 14%, and in the high-risk group were 71% and 82%. Our HCC-specific survival predictor named “SALT calculator” could provide accurate information about expected survival tailored for patients undergoing transplantation for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indah Jamtani
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (I.J.); (Y.C.); (J.-M.L.); (E.-S.H.); (K.H.); (N.-J.Y.); (S.K.H.); (J.B.); (S.Y.H.); (S.S.); (K.-S.S.)
| | - Kwang-Woong Lee
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (I.J.); (Y.C.); (J.-M.L.); (E.-S.H.); (K.H.); (N.-J.Y.); (S.K.H.); (J.B.); (S.Y.H.); (S.S.); (K.-S.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2072-2511; Fax: +82-2-766-3975
| | - Yunhee Choi
- Division of Medical Statistics, Medical Research Collaborating Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - YoungRok Choi
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (I.J.); (Y.C.); (J.-M.L.); (E.-S.H.); (K.H.); (N.-J.Y.); (S.K.H.); (J.B.); (S.Y.H.); (S.S.); (K.-S.S.)
| | - Jeong-Moo Lee
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (I.J.); (Y.C.); (J.-M.L.); (E.-S.H.); (K.H.); (N.-J.Y.); (S.K.H.); (J.B.); (S.Y.H.); (S.S.); (K.-S.S.)
| | - Eui-Soo Han
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (I.J.); (Y.C.); (J.-M.L.); (E.-S.H.); (K.H.); (N.-J.Y.); (S.K.H.); (J.B.); (S.Y.H.); (S.S.); (K.-S.S.)
| | - Kwangpyo Hong
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (I.J.); (Y.C.); (J.-M.L.); (E.-S.H.); (K.H.); (N.-J.Y.); (S.K.H.); (J.B.); (S.Y.H.); (S.S.); (K.-S.S.)
| | - Gyu-Seong Choi
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (G.-S.C.); (J.M.K.); (J.-W.J.)
| | - Jong Man Kim
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (G.-S.C.); (J.M.K.); (J.-W.J.)
| | - Nam-Joon Yi
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (I.J.); (Y.C.); (J.-M.L.); (E.-S.H.); (K.H.); (N.-J.Y.); (S.K.H.); (J.B.); (S.Y.H.); (S.S.); (K.-S.S.)
| | - Suk Kyun Hong
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (I.J.); (Y.C.); (J.-M.L.); (E.-S.H.); (K.H.); (N.-J.Y.); (S.K.H.); (J.B.); (S.Y.H.); (S.S.); (K.-S.S.)
| | - Jeik Byun
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (I.J.); (Y.C.); (J.-M.L.); (E.-S.H.); (K.H.); (N.-J.Y.); (S.K.H.); (J.B.); (S.Y.H.); (S.S.); (K.-S.S.)
| | - Su Young Hong
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (I.J.); (Y.C.); (J.-M.L.); (E.-S.H.); (K.H.); (N.-J.Y.); (S.K.H.); (J.B.); (S.Y.H.); (S.S.); (K.-S.S.)
| | - Sanggyeun Suh
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (I.J.); (Y.C.); (J.-M.L.); (E.-S.H.); (K.H.); (N.-J.Y.); (S.K.H.); (J.B.); (S.Y.H.); (S.S.); (K.-S.S.)
| | - Jae-Won Joh
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (G.-S.C.); (J.M.K.); (J.-W.J.)
| | - Kyung-Suk Suh
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (I.J.); (Y.C.); (J.-M.L.); (E.-S.H.); (K.H.); (N.-J.Y.); (S.K.H.); (J.B.); (S.Y.H.); (S.S.); (K.-S.S.)
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22
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Tay D, Das JP, Yeh R. Preoperative Localization for Primary Hyperparathyroidism: A Clinical Review. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9040390. [PMID: 33917470 PMCID: PMC8067482 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
With increasing use of minimally invasive parathyroidectomy (PTx) over traditional bilateral neck exploration in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), accurate preoperative localization has become more important to enable a successful surgical outcome. Traditional imaging techniques such as ultrasound (US) and sestamibi scintigraphy (MIBI) and newer techniques such as parathyroid four-dimension computed tomography (4D-CT), positron emission tomography (PET), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are available for the clinician to detect the diseased gland(s) in the preoperative workup. Invasive parathyroid venous sampling may be useful in certain circumstances such as persistent or recurrent PHPT. We review the diagnostic performance of these imaging modalities in preoperative localization and discuss the advantages and weaknesses of these techniques. US and MIBI are established techniques commonly utilized as first-line modalities. 4D-CT has excellent diagnostic performance and is increasingly performed in first-line setting and as an adjunct to US and MIBI. PET and MRI are emerging adjunct modalities when localization has been equivocal or failed. Since no evidence-based guidelines are yet available for the optimal imaging strategy, clinicians should be familiar with the range and advancement of these techniques. Choice of imaging modality should be individualized to the patient with consideration for efficacy, expertise, and availability of such techniques in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donovan Tay
- Department of Medicine, Sengkang General Hospital, 110 Sengkang E Way, Singapore 544886, Singapore;
| | - Jeeban P. Das
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Randy Yeh
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA;
- Correspondence:
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Clinical and FDG-PET/CT Suspicion of Malignant Disease: Is Biopsy Confirmation Still Necessary? Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11030559. [PMID: 33804753 PMCID: PMC8003997 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11030559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biopsy of 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG)-avid lesions suspected for malignancy remains an invasive procedure associated with a variety of risks. It is still unclear if the positive predictive value (PPV) of positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) is sufficiently high to avoid tissue sampling. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the PPV of 18F-FDG-PET/CT for malignancy in patients with a clinical suspicion of active malignant disease. METHODS This single-center retrospective study included 83 patients who had undergone FDG-PET/CT within 60 days before CT- or ultrasonography-guided tissue sampling and whose request form for CT- or US-guided tissue sampling requested mutation analyses. The latter implies a high clinical suspicion of active malignant disease. The nature of each biopsied lesion was determined based on the results of the pathological analysis and/or clinical and imaging follow-up of at least 12 months. RESULTS In total, eighty-eight FDG-avid lesions were biopsied. The PPV of FDG-PET/CT for malignancy was 98.9% (95% CI: 93.8-99.8%). For patients with an oncological history, the PPV was 98.7% (95% CI: 92.9-99.8%), and for patients with no oncological history, the PPV was 100% (95% CI: 74.1-100.0%). There was no significant difference between the PPV of the group with and without an oncological history (p = 0.71). In two cases, an unsuspected malignancy was diagnosed. CONCLUSION Although the PPV of FDG-PET/CT for malignancy in patients with a clinical suspicion of active malignant disease is high, biopsy remains recommended to avoid inappropriate patient management due the non-negligible chance of dealing with FDG-avid benign disease or unexpected malignancies.
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Goud NS, Ghouse MS, Nagaraju C, Bharath RD, Alvala M, Kumar P. Automated Radiosynthesis and Molecular Docking Studies of Coumarin-Triazole Hybrid with fluorine-18: A feasibility study. Curr Radiopharm 2021; 15:40-49. [PMID: 33511934 DOI: 10.2174/1874471014666210129141221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fluorine-18 is one of the promising radiotracers that can report target specific information related to its physiology to understand the disease status through PET modality. In current study, the radiochemical synthesis, purification and molecular docking studies of fluorine-18 (18F) radiolabeled coumarin-triazole hybrid have been performed. OBJECTIVE To develop target specific fluorine-18 radiotracer for the diagnosis in oncology. METHODS GE Tracer-lab FX2N module with few modifications in the line connections was used for the radiosynthesis and purification of target molecule [18F]SG-2, 4-((2,6-dimethylmorpholino) methyl)-7-((1-(4-(fluoro-18F) benzyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl) oxy)-2H-chromen-2-one, through the nucleophilic radiofluorination mechanism. The radiochemical purity was measured by HPLC, and TLC analytical methods. The kryptofix levels were also evaluated by using TLC method. The residual solvents like DMF, ethanol was measured using GC. The Schrödinger drug discovery suite 2018 was used to study the protein and ligand interactions. RESULTS The quality control parameters revealed the purity, chemical identity, and limits of residual solvents. The radiochemical purity was 95.5 ± 2.3 %, and dimethyl formamide solvent limit was 89 ± 3 ppm. The molecular docking results had suggested that the cold target molecule has made strong electronic interactions and showed the possible pharmacokinetic (ADME) properties with galectin-1 protein. Overall, these results showed that [18F]SG-2 radiolabeling with 18F radionuclide was feasible, and support of molecular docking studies suggest possible interactions with Galectin-1. CONCLUSION we reported feasibility study for labeling coumarin-triazole hybrid with fluorine-18 through aromatic nucleophilic fluorination reaction (SNAr).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerella Sridhar Goud
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology (NI & IR), National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS). India
| | - Mahammad S Ghouse
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad-500037. India
| | - Chandana Nagaraju
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology (NI & IR), National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS). India
| | - Rose Dawn Bharath
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology (NI & IR), National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS). India
| | - Mallika Alvala
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad-500037. India
| | - Pardeep Kumar
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology (NI & IR), National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS). India
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Roland A, Drouet C, Boulahdour H, Cochet A, De Bari B. Unusual uptakes on 18F-fluorocholine positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT): a retrospective study of 368 prostate cancer patients referred for a biochemical recurrence or an initial staging. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2021; 11:172-182. [PMID: 33392020 DOI: 10.21037/qims-19-981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background 18F-fluorocholine positron emission tomography/computed tomography (F-choline PET/CT) is considered a cornerstone in the staging and restaging of patients with prostate cancer (PCa). The aim of this study was to retrospectively assess unusual uptakes in patients who underwent a F-choline PET/CT for the initial staging or for the restaging of a relapsing PCa. Methods Three hundred and sixty-eight PCa patients were staged or restaged using F-choline PET/CT. Unusual uptakes were defined as uptakes occurring outside the usual paths of diffusion of PCa or as uptake in bone with a clear morphological evidence of nonmetastatic lesion. Results We found unusual uptakes in 47/368 patients (12.8%). Among them, 41/47 presented with benign F-choline uptake, usually within lymph nodes, due to inflammatory processes (22/47). Other benign processes were found in: thyroid (3/47), adrenal gland (3/47), brain (2/47), liver (1/47), bowel (3/47), frontal sinus (1/47), lungs (4/47), parotid gland (1/47) and bone (1/47). The six remaining patients presented with a second cancer, including lymphoma (1/47), non-small cell lung cancer (4/47) and neuroendocrine tumor (1/47). Conclusions unusual uptakes on F-choline PET/CT are quite frequent and should be explored since they may correspond to non-PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Roland
- Nuclear Medicine Department, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Clément Drouet
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Georges-François Leclerc Cancer Center, Dijon, France
| | - Hatem Boulahdour
- Nuclear Medicine Department, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Alexandre Cochet
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Georges-François Leclerc Cancer Center, Dijon, France.,ImViA EA 7535, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - Berardino De Bari
- Radiation Oncology Department, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
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Abstract
The major applications for molecular imaging with PET in clinical practice concern cancer imaging. Undoubtedly, 18F-FDG represents the backbone of nuclear oncology as it remains so far the most widely employed positron emitter compound. The acquired knowledge on cancer features, however, allowed the recognition in the last decades of multiple metabolic or pathogenic pathways within the cancer cells, which stimulated the development of novel radiopharmaceuticals. An endless list of PET tracers, substantially covering all hallmarks of cancer, has entered clinical routine or is being investigated in diagnostic trials. Some of them guard significant clinical applications, whereas others mostly bear a huge potential. This chapter summarizes a selected list of non-FDG PET tracers, described based on their introduction into and impact on clinical practice.
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Comparison of 5 Different PET Radiopharmaceuticals for the Detection of Recurrent Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Network Meta-analysis. Clin Nucl Med 2020; 45:341-348. [PMID: 32049723 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000002940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study is to investigate and compare the performance of different PET radiopharmaceuticals for the detection of recurrent medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) by performing a network meta-analysis (NMA) using direct comparison studies with 2 or more PET radiopharmaceuticals. METHODS PubMed and EMBASE were searched for the studies evaluating the performance of PET or PET/CT for the detection of recurrent MTC. The NMA was performed for different PET radiopharmaceuticals in both patient- and lesion-based analyses and with a threshold of serum calcitonin or carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels and calcitonin doubling time. The consistency was evaluated by examining the agreement between direct and indirect treatment effects, and publication bias was assessed by funnel plot asymmetry tests. The surface under the cumulative ranking curve values were obtained to calculate the probability of each PET modality being the most effective diagnostic method. RESULTS A total of 306 patients from 14 direct comparison studies using 5 different PET radiopharmaceuticals (F-FDG, F-DOPA, Ga-somatostatin analogs, 3-O-methyl-6-[F]fluoro-DOPA, and C-methionine) for the detection of recurrent MTC was included. The detection rate of F-DOPA PET was significantly higher than that of FDG PET in both patient- and lesion-based analyses (patient-based analysis: odds ratio, 2.44; 95% confidence interval, 1.4-4.31; lesion-based analysis: odds ratio, 5.74; 95% confidence interval, 1.65-23.4). Among all PET radiopharmaceuticals, F-DOPA showed the highest surface under the cumulative ranking curve value in both patient- and lesion-based analyses regardless of serum calcitonin or CEA levels and calcitonin doubling time. CONCLUSIONS The results from this NMA indicate that F-DOPA PET clearly showed a best performance for the detection of recurrent MTC in both patient- and lesion-based analyses regardless of serum calcitonin or CEA levels and calcitonin doubling time.
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Evangelista L, Ravelli I, Magnani F, Iacobone M, Giraudo C, Camozzi V, Spimpolo A, Cecchin D. 18F-choline PET/CT and PET/MRI in primary and recurrent hyperparathyroidism: a systematic review of the literature. Ann Nucl Med 2020; 34:601-619. [PMID: 32767248 PMCID: PMC7438295 DOI: 10.1007/s12149-020-01507-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The aims of the present systematic review were to: (1) assess the role of 18F-fluorocholine (FCH) positron emission tomography (PET) with computed tomography (CT) and PET with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with biochemically known hyperparathyroidism; (2) compare the diagnostic performance of FCH PET/CT or PET/MRI with conventional morphological and functional imaging. A literature search until December 2019 was performed in the PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases, using the terms “choline” AND “PET” AND “hyperparathyroidism”. The search was conducted with and without the addition of filters (e.g., language: English only; type of article: original article; subjects: humans only) and selecting only articles published in the last 5 years. Twenty-three articles and 1112 patients were considered. Different FCH PET/CT acquisition protocols were adopted across the studies, using dynamic, early or delayed scans. FCH PET/CT proved more accurate than ultrasonography (US) or 99mTc-sestamibi single-photon emission tomography (SPET). PET/MRI also seemed to be more accurate than MRI alone in detecting benign parathyroid lesions. FCH PET/CT is more accurate than conventional morphological and functional imaging modalities (US or SPET) for the detection of benign parathyroid lesions. It could, therefore, be a reliable tool in both primary and recurrent hyperparathyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Evangelista
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padua, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Ravelli
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Fabio Magnani
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Maurizio Iacobone
- Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Chiara Giraudo
- Radiology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Valentina Camozzi
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Alessandro Spimpolo
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padua, Italy.,Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.,Radiology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Padua, Italy.,Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Padua, Italy.,International PhD Program in Arterial Hypertension and Vascular Biology (ARHYVAB), Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Diego Cecchin
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
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An HH, Moon BS, Park HS, Lee HJ, Lee SJ, Oh SJ, Kim BS, Lee BC, Lee WW, Kim SE. Comparative Study in Different Filters for Efficient Sterile Filtration. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ho An
- Department of Nuclear MedicineSeoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine Seongnam 13620 Korea
| | - Byung Seok Moon
- Department of Nuclear MedicineEwha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine Seoul 07804 Korea
| | - Hyun Sik Park
- Department of Nuclear MedicineSeoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine Seongnam 13620 Korea
| | - Hong Jin Lee
- Department of Nuclear MedicineSeoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine Seongnam 13620 Korea
| | - Sang Ju Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of Medicine Seoul 05505 Korea
| | - Seung Jun Oh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of Medicine Seoul 05505 Korea
| | - Bom Sahn Kim
- Department of Nuclear MedicineEwha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine Seoul 07804 Korea
| | - Byung Chul Lee
- Department of Nuclear MedicineSeoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine Seongnam 13620 Korea
- Center for Nanomolecular Imaging and Innovative Drug DevelopmentAdvanced Institutes of Convergence Technology Suwon 16229 Korea
| | - Won Woo Lee
- Department of Nuclear MedicineSeoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine Seongnam 13620 Korea
| | - Sang Eun Kim
- Department of Nuclear MedicineSeoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine Seongnam 13620 Korea
- Center for Nanomolecular Imaging and Innovative Drug DevelopmentAdvanced Institutes of Convergence Technology Suwon 16229 Korea
- Department of Transdisciplinary Studies, Graduate School of Convergence Science and TechnologySeoul National University Seoul 08826 Korea
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Sridhar Goud N, Pooladanda V, Muni Chandra K, Lakshmi Soukya PS, Alvala R, Kumar P, Nagaraj C, Dawn Bharath R, Qureshi IA, Godugu C, Alvala M. Novel benzimidazole-triazole hybrids as apoptosis inducing agents in lung cancer: Design, synthesis, 18F-radiolabeling & galectin-1 inhibition studies. Bioorg Chem 2020; 102:104125. [PMID: 32738568 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we have synthesized a new series of benzimidazole-triazole hybrids as galectin-1 (gal-1) mediated apoptosis-inducing agents, and evaluated for their potential anticancer activity against a panel of human cancer cell lines viz. breast cancer (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) lung cancer (A-549 and NCI-H460), and human keratinocyte cancer (HaCaT), using MTT assay. The target compound 7c exhibited an excellent growth inhibition against lung cancer (A-549 and NCI-H460) cells with an IC50 value of 0.63 ± 0.21 µM, and 0.99 ± 0.01 µM respectively. The target compound 7c also showed a significant growth inhibition against breast cancer (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-23) with an IC50 value of 1.3 ± 0.18 µM, and 0.94 ± 0.02 µM respectively. In addition, the radiochemical synthesis has been performed using fluorine-18 radionuclide in the GE Tracer-lab FX2N module to prove the target compound 7c as a PET imaging agent. In the final stage, the 18F-7c target compound was successfully purified with 60% ethanol in water. The radiochemical purity was achieved >95% using HPLC, and the residual solvent DMF limit was around 78 ± 3 ppm confirmed by GC analysis. Further, the apoptosis induction by 7c in lung cancer (A-549) cells was confirmed as a result of the decrease in MMP levels, increased percentage of apoptotic cells, and sub G1 phase arrest by JC-1 staining, DAPI staining, annexin V-FITC/PI, and flow cytometric analysis. In addition, the target compound 7c significantly reduced the gal-1 protein levels in a dose-dependent manner as confirmed by ELISA studies. The protein binding studies like Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) and Fluorescence Spectroscopy (FS) studies indicated that the target compound 7c is capable of binding to gal-1 with an equilibrium constant (KD) value of 1.19E-06 M, and binding constant (Ka) of 9.5 × 103 M-1 respectively. The in-silico computational studies also revealed possible interactions and pharmacokinetic properties (ADMET) of compound 7c with the binding domain of gal-1. Therefore, the novel benzimidazole-triazole hybrids as apoptosis-inducing agents in lung cancer would be potential cytotoxic and PET imaging agents via gal-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerella Sridhar Goud
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 03 7, India; Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology (NI & IR), National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore 560 029, India
| | - Venkatesh Pooladanda
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
| | - K Muni Chandra
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 03 7, India
| | - P S Lakshmi Soukya
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 03 7, India
| | - Ravi Alvala
- G. Pulla Reddy College of Pharmacy (GPRCP), Hyderabad 500 028, India
| | - Pardeep Kumar
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology (NI & IR), National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore 560 029, India
| | - Chandana Nagaraj
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology (NI & IR), National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore 560 029, India
| | - Rose Dawn Bharath
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology (NI & IR), National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore 560 029, India
| | - Insaf A Qureshi
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad (UOH), Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Chandraiah Godugu
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
| | - Mallika Alvala
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 03 7, India.
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Madsen C, Østergren P, Haarmark C. The Value of 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT Following Equivocal 18F-NaF PET/CT in Prostate Cancer Patients. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10060352. [PMID: 32481743 PMCID: PMC7344413 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10060352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Inconclusive bone scans are a challenge but there is no consensus about follow-up imaging. We evaluated the use of 68gallium-labelled prostate-specific membrane antigen (68Ga-PSMA) PET/CT if 18F-sodium fluoride (18F-NaF) PET/CT was inconclusive. Methods: This retrospective study included patients with no previously known bone metastases who had one or more equivocal bone lesions on 18F-NaF PET/CT and underwent additional 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT. The bone lesions were deemed as true metastases or not based on follow-up by surveying supplemental imaging modalities and hospital records. A subgroup of patients with “most valid follow-up” was created, which included patients with unmeasurable PSA after prostatectomy or subsequent imaging (additional 18F-NaF PET/CT, 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT, CT, or MRI). Results: Of the 2918 patients referred for 18F-NaF PET/CT from the department of urology in the inclusion period, 51 (1.7%) were inconclusive regarding bone metastases and underwent additional 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT. Thirteen of these patients (25%) were ultimately diagnosed with bone metastases. Patient-based sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of additional 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT were 100%, 95%, and 96%, respectively. In patients with “most valid follow-up”, the same parameters were 100%, 93%, and 94%, respectively. Conclusion: 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT is an excellent complementary modality in when 18F-NaF PET/CT is equivocal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claus Madsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev and Gentofte, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark;
- Correspondence:
| | - Peter Østergren
- Department of Urology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev and Gentofte, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 1, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark;
| | - Christian Haarmark
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev and Gentofte, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark;
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Goud NS, Kanth Makani VK, Pranay J, Alvala R, Qureshi IA, Kumar P, Bharath RD, Nagaraj C, Yerramsetty S, Pal-Bhadra M, Alvala M. Synthesis, 18F-radiolabeling and apoptosis inducing studies of novel 4, 7-disubstituted coumarins. Bioorg Chem 2020; 97:103663. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Aykan NF, Özatlı T. Objective response rate assessment in oncology: Current situation and future expectations. World J Clin Oncol 2020; 11:53-73. [PMID: 32133275 PMCID: PMC7046919 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v11.i2.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor objective response rate (ORR) is an important parameter to demonstrate the efficacy of a treatment in oncology. The ORR is valuable for clinical decision making in routine practice and a significant end-point for reporting the results of clinical trials. World Health Organization and Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) are anatomic response criteria developed mainly for cytotoxic chemotherapy. These criteria are based on the visual assessment of tumor size in morphological images provided by computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging. Anatomic response criteria may not be optimal for biologic agents, some disease sites, and some regional therapies. Consequently, modifications of RECIST, Choi criteria and Morphologic response criteria were developed based on the concept of the evaluation of viable tumors. Despite its limitations, RECIST v1.1 is validated in prospective studies, is widely accepted by regulatory agencies and has recently shown good performance for targeted cancer agents. Finally, some alternatives of RECIST were developed as immune-specific response criteria for checkpoint inhibitors. Immune RECIST criteria are based essentially on defining true progressive disease after a confirmatory imaging. Some graphical methods may be useful to show longitudinal change in the tumor burden over time. Tumor tissue is a tridimensional heterogenous mass, and tumor shrinkage is not always symmetrical; thus, metabolic response assessments using positron emission tomography (PET) or PET/CT may reflect the viability of cancer cells or functional changes evolving after anticancer treatments. The metabolic response can show the benefit of a treatment earlier than anatomic shrinkage, possibly preventing delays in drug approval. Computer-assisted automated volumetric assessments, quantitative multimodality imaging in radiology, new tracers in nuclear medicine and finally artificial intelligence have great potential in future evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuri Faruk Aykan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istinye University Medical School, Bahcesehir Liv Hospital, Istanbul 34510, Turkey
| | - Tahsin Özatlı
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istinye University Medical School, Bahcesehir Liv Hospital, Istanbul 34510, Turkey
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Abrantes AM, Pires AS, Monteiro L, Teixo R, Neves AR, Tavares NT, Marques IA, Botelho MF. Tumour functional imaging by PET. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165717. [PMID: 32035103 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Carcinogenesis is a complex multistep process, characterized by changes at different levels, both genetic and epigenetic, which alter cell metabolism. Positron emission tomography (PET) is a very sensitive image modality that allows to evaluate oncometabolism. PET functionalities are immense, since by labelling a molecule that specifically intervenes in a biochemical regulatory pathway of interest with a positron-emitting radionuclide, we can easily image that pathway. Thus, PET makes possible imaging several metabolic processes and assessing risk prediction, screening, diagnosis, response to therapy, metastization and recurrence. In this paper, we provide an overview of different radiopharmaceuticals developed for PET use in oncology, with a focus on brain tumours, breast cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, neuroendocrine tumours, bladder cancer and prostate cancer because for these cancer types PET has been shown to be valuable. Most of the described tracers are just used in the research environment, with the aim to assess if these tracers could be able to offer an improvement concerning staging/restaging, characterization and stratification of different types of cancer, as well as therapeutic response assessment. In pursuit of personalized therapy, we briefly discuss the more established metabolic tracers and describe recent work on the development of new radiopharmaceuticals, aware that there will continue to exist diagnostic challenges to face modern cancer medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Margarida Abrantes
- Biophysics Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; CNC.IBILI Consortium/Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Ana Salomé Pires
- Biophysics Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; CNC.IBILI Consortium/Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Lúcia Monteiro
- Biophysics Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Teixo
- Biophysics Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; CNC.IBILI Consortium/Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Neves
- Biophysics Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Project Development Office, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), NL-5612 AE Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Nuno Tiago Tavares
- Biophysics Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Inês Alexandra Marques
- Biophysics Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; CNC.IBILI Consortium/Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Filomena Botelho
- Biophysics Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; CNC.IBILI Consortium/Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
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Goud NS, Joshi RK, Bharath RD, Kumar P. Fluorine-18: A radionuclide with diverse range of radiochemistry and synthesis strategies for target based PET diagnosis. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 187:111979. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Soikkeli M, Kettunen MI, Nivajärvi R, Olsson V, Rönkkö S, Laakkonen JP, Lehto VP, Kavakka J, Heikkinen S. Assessment of the Relaxation-Enhancing Properties of a Nitroxide-Based Contrast Agent TEEPO-Glc with In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2019; 2019:5629597. [PMID: 31920468 PMCID: PMC6942761 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5629597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging examinations are frequently carried out using contrast agents to improve the image quality. Practically all clinically used contrast agents are based on paramagnetic metals and lack in selectivity and specificity. A group of stable organic radicals, nitroxides, has raised interest as new metal-free contrast agents for MRI. Their structures can easily be modified to incorporate different functionalities. In the present study, a stable nitroxide TEEPO (2,2,6,6-tetraethylpiperidin-1-oxyl) was linked to a glucose moiety (Glc) to construct a water-soluble, potentially tumor-targeting compound with contrast-enhancing ability. The ability was assessed with in vivo MRI experiments. The constructed TEEPO-Glc agent proved to shorten the T 1 relaxation time in tumor, while the T 1 time in healthy brain tissue remained the same. The results indicate the potential of TEEPO-Glc as a valuable addition to the growing field of metal-free contrast enhancement in MRI-based diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiju Soikkeli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko I. Kettunen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Riikka Nivajärvi
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Venla Olsson
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Seppo Rönkkö
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Johanna P. Laakkonen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Vesa-Pekka Lehto
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jari Kavakka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sami Heikkinen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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Pike LC, Thomas CM, Guerrero-Urbano T, Michaelidou A, Greener T, Miles E, Eaton D, Barrington SF. Guidance on the use of PET for treatment planning in radiotherapy clinical trials. Br J Radiol 2019; 92:20190180. [PMID: 31437023 PMCID: PMC6849663 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20190180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this article is to propose meaningful guidance covering the practical and technical issues involved when planning or conducting clinical trials involving positron emission tomography (PET)-guided radiotherapy. The complexity of imaging requirements will depend on the study aims, design and PET methods used. Where PET is used to adapt radiotherapy, a high level of accuracy and reproducibility is required to ensure effective and safe treatment delivery. The guidance in this document is intended to assist researchers designing clinical trials involving PET-guided radiotherapy to provide sufficient information about the appropriate methods to complete PET-CT imaging to a consistent standard at participating centres. The guidance is divided into six categories: application of PET in radiotherapy, resource requirements, quality assurance, imaging protocol design, data management and image processing. Each section provides an overview of the recent literature to support the specific recommendations. This guidance builds on previous recommendations from the National Cancer Research Institute PET Research Network and has been produced in collaboration with the National Radiotherapy Trials Quality Assurance Group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy C Pike
- King’s College London and Guy’s and St Thomas’ PET Centre, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, King’s Health Partners, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Tony Greener
- Radiotherapy Physics, Guy's & St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Elizabeth Miles
- National Radiotherapy Trials QA Group, Mount Vernon Hospital, Northwood, UK
| | | | - Sally F Barrington
- King’s College London and Guy’s and St Thomas’ PET Centre, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, King’s Health Partners, London, UK
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Hettiarachchi SD, Zhou Y, Seven E, Lakshmana MK, Kaushik AK, Chand HS, Leblanc RM. Nanoparticle-mediated approaches for Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapeutics. J Control Release 2019; 314:125-140. [PMID: 31647979 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible and progressive neurodegenerative disorder manifested by memory loss and cognitive impairment. Deposition of the amyloid β plaques has been identified as the most common AD pathology; however, the excessive accumulation of phosphorylated or total tau proteins, reactive oxygen species, and higher acetylcholinesterase activity are also strongly associated with Alzheimer's dementia. Several therapeutic approaches targeting these pathogenic mechanisms have failed in clinical or preclinical trials, partly due to the limited bioavailability, poor cell, and blood-brain barrier penetration, and low drug half-life of current regimens. The nanoparticles (NPs)-mediated drug delivery systems improve drug solubility and bioavailability, thus renders as superior alternatives. Moreover, NPs-mediated approaches facilitate multiple drug loading and targeted drug delivery, thereby increasing drug efficacy. However, certain NPs can cause acute toxicity damaging cellular and tissue architecture, therefore, NP material should be carefully selected. In this review, we summarize the recent NPs-mediated studies that exploit various pathologic mechanisms of AD by labeling, identifying, and treating the affected brain pathologies. The disadvantages of the select NP-based deliveries and the future aspects will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajini D Hettiarachchi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA
| | - Yiqun Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA
| | - Elif Seven
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA
| | - Madepalli K Lakshmana
- Department of Immunology and Nano-Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Ajeet K Kaushik
- Department of Natural Sciences, Division of Sciences, Arts & Mathematics, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, FL 33805-8531, USA
| | - Hitendra S Chand
- Department of Immunology and Nano-Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Roger M Leblanc
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA
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Fersing C, Bouhlel A, Cantelli C, Garrigue P, Lisowski V, Guillet B. A Comprehensive Review of Non-Covalent Radiofluorination Approaches Using Aluminum [ 18F]fluoride: Will [ 18F]AlF Replace 68Ga for Metal Chelate Labeling? Molecules 2019; 24:E2866. [PMID: 31394799 PMCID: PMC6719958 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24162866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to its ideal physical properties, fluorine-18 turns out to be a key radionuclide for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, for both preclinical and clinical applications. However, usual biomolecules radiofluorination procedures require the formation of covalent bonds with fluorinated prosthetic groups. This drawback makes radiofluorination impractical for routine radiolabeling, gallium-68 appearing to be much more convenient for the labeling of chelator-bearing PET probes. In response to this limitation, a recent expansion of the 18F chemical toolbox gave aluminum [18F]fluoride chemistry a real prominence since the late 2000s. This approach is based on the formation of an [18F][AlF]2+ cation, complexed with a 9-membered cyclic chelator such as NOTA, NODA or their analogs. Allowing a one-step radiofluorination in an aqueous medium, this technique combines fluorine-18 and non-covalent radiolabeling with the advantage of being very easy to implement. Since its first reports, [18F]AlF radiolabeling approach has been applied to a wide variety of potential PET imaging vectors, whether of peptidic, proteic, or small molecule structure. Most of these [18F]AlF-labeled tracers showed promising preclinical results and have reached the clinical evaluation stage for some of them. The aim of this report is to provide a comprehensive overview of [18F]AlF labeling applications through a description of the various [18F]AlF-labeled conjugates, from their radiosynthesis to their evaluation as PET imaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Fersing
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), University of Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Montpellier Cancer Institute (ICM), 34298 Montpellier, France.
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Montpellier Cancer Institute (ICM), University of Montpellier, 208 Avenue des Apothicaires, 34298 Montpellier CEDEX 5, France.
| | - Ahlem Bouhlel
- CERIMED, Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France
- Centre de recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Aix-Marseille University, INSERM 1263, INRA 1260, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Christophe Cantelli
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), University of Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Montpellier Cancer Institute (ICM), 34298 Montpellier, France
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 34093 Montpellier CEDEX, France
| | - Philippe Garrigue
- CERIMED, Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France
- Centre de recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Aix-Marseille University, INSERM 1263, INRA 1260, 13385 Marseille, France
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Aix-Marseille University, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Vincent Lisowski
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 34093 Montpellier CEDEX, France
| | - Benjamin Guillet
- CERIMED, Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France
- Centre de recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Aix-Marseille University, INSERM 1263, INRA 1260, 13385 Marseille, France
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Aix-Marseille University, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), 13385 Marseille, France
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Abstract
Abstract
Halogen radioisotopes have a variety of physical half-lives which are suitable for probing a wide variety of pharmacokinetic processes. Compared with other radiohalogens, relatively little work has been done with radiochlorine. However, high specific activity radioisotopes of chlorine are available from low energy cyclotron production in quantities suitable for positron emission tomography (PET) and fundamental research. In particular, the sole radioisotope of chlorine which may be used for PET imaging, 34mCl, has achieved a state of development that permits imaging in clinical settings though sparse research effort has been focused on this isotope over the last 40 years. Additionally, the other longer-lived radioisotopes of chlorine will likely continue to show utility for more traditional radiotracer studies and chemistry development.
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Abstract
One of the most promising imaging techniques in primary hyperparathyroidism is PET/CT with choline-based tracers. To investigate the current evidence of these tracers in localizing parathyroid adenoma, a systematic review was performed. A comprehensive literature search was carried out and eligible studies were analyzed. Data were extracted, the level of evidence was scored, and performance data were pooled to calculate the weighted detection rate. Eleven articles were included in this study. The pooled detection rate was 97 and 94% on per patient-based and per lesion-based analysis, respectively. There was considerable heterogeneity between studies and the level of evidence was determined to be 3a-, following Oxford criteria. Choline PET/CT has shown favorable results in detection of hyperfunctioning parathyroid tissue and may replace conventional technetium-99m-sestamibi scintigraphy in preoperative planning of parathyroid surgery. However, the quality of current evidence is moderate, and additional high-quality studies are needed to confirm these numbers.
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Donche S, Verhoeven J, Descamps B, Bolcaen J, Deblaere K, Boterberg T, Van den Broecke C, Vanhove C, Goethals I. The Path Toward PET-Guided Radiation Therapy for Glioblastoma in Laboratory Animals: A Mini Review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2019; 6:5. [PMID: 30761302 PMCID: PMC6361864 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2019.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most aggressive and malignant primary brain tumor in adults. Despite the current state-of-the-art treatment, which consists of maximal surgical resection followed by radiation therapy, concomitant, and adjuvant chemotherapy, progression remains rapid due to aggressive tumor characteristics. Several new therapeutic targets have been investigated using chemotherapeutics and targeted molecular drugs, however, the intrinsic resistance to induced cell death of brain cells impede the effectiveness of systemic therapies. Also, the unique immune environment of the central nervous system imposes challenges for immune-based therapeutics. Therefore, it is important to consider other approaches to treat these tumors. There is a well-known dose-response relationship for glioblastoma with increased survival with increasing doses, but this effect seems to cap around 60 Gy, due to increased toxicity to the normal brain. Currently, radiation treatment planning of glioblastoma patients relies on CT and MRI that does not visualize the heterogeneous nature of the tumor, and consequently, a homogenous dose is delivered to the entire tumor. Metabolic imaging, such as positron-emission tomography, allows to visualize the heterogeneous tumor environment. Using these metabolic imaging techniques, an approach called dose painting can be used to deliver a higher dose to the tumor regions with high malignancy and/or radiation resistance. Preclinical studies are required for evaluating the benefits of novel radiation treatment strategies, such as PET-based dose painting. The aim of this review is to give a brief overview of promising PET tracers that can be evaluated in laboratory animals to bridge the gap between PET-based dose painting in glioblastoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Donche
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Verhoeven
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Benedicte Descamps
- Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Julie Bolcaen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karel Deblaere
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Boterberg
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Christian Vanhove
- Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ingeborg Goethals
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Allott L, Barnes C, Brickute D, Leung SFJ, Aboagye EO. Solid-supported cyanoborohydride cartridges for automation of reductive amination radiochemistry. REACT CHEM ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9re00226j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A solid-supported cyanoborohydride cartridge was designed to facilitate the automated production of positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracers synthesised via reductive amination chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Allott
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre
- Department of Surgery & Cancer
- Imperial College London
- Hammersmith Hospital
- London
| | - Chris Barnes
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre
- Department of Surgery & Cancer
- Imperial College London
- Hammersmith Hospital
- London
| | - Diana Brickute
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre
- Department of Surgery & Cancer
- Imperial College London
- Hammersmith Hospital
- London
| | - Sau Fung Jacob Leung
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre
- Department of Surgery & Cancer
- Imperial College London
- Hammersmith Hospital
- London
| | - Eric O. Aboagye
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre
- Department of Surgery & Cancer
- Imperial College London
- Hammersmith Hospital
- London
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Mixdorf JC, Sorlin AM, Dick DW, Nguyen HM. Iridium-Catalyzed Radiosynthesis of Branched Allylic [18F]Fluorides. Org Lett 2018; 21:60-64. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason C. Mixdorf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Alexandre M. Sorlin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - David W. Dick
- University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Hien M. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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46
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Banfalvi G. Improved and adopted murine models to combat pulmonary aspergillosis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:6865-6875. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9161-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Kumar K, Ghosh A. 18F-AlF Labeled Peptide and Protein Conjugates as Positron Emission Tomography Imaging Pharmaceuticals. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:953-975. [PMID: 29463084 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The clinical applications of positron emission tomography (PET) imaging pharmaceuticals have increased tremendously over the past several years since the approval of 18fluorine-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Numerous 18F-labeled target-specific potential imaging pharmaceuticals, based on small and large molecules, have been evaluated in preclinical and clinical settings. 18F-labeling of organic moieties involves the introduction of the radioisotope by C-18F bond formation via a nucleophilic or an electrophilic substitution reaction. However, biomolecules, such as peptides, proteins, and oligonucleotides, cannot be radiolabeled via a C-18F bond formation as these reactions involve harsh conditions, including organic solvents, high temperature, and nonphysiological conditions. Several approaches, including 18F-labeled prosthetic groups, silicon, boron, and aluminum fluoride acceptor chemistry, and click chemistry have been developed, in the past, for 18F labeling of biomolecules. Linear and macrocyclic polyaminocarboxylates and their analogs and derivatives form thermodynamically stable and kinetically inert aluminum chelates. Hence, macrocyclic polyaminocarboxylates have been used for conjugation with biomolecules, such as folate, peptides, affibodies, and protein fragments, followed by 18F-AlF chelation, and evaluation of their targeting abilities in preclinical and clinical environments. The goal of this report is to provide an overview of the 18F radiochemistry and 18F-labeling methodologies for small molecules and target-specific biomolecules, a comprehensive review of coordination chemistry of Al3+, 18F-AlF labeling of peptide and protein conjugates, and evaluation of 18F-labeled biomolecule conjugates as potential imaging pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishan Kumar
- Laboratory for Translational Research in Imaging Pharmaceuticals, The Wright Center of Innovation in Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology , The Ohio State University , Columbus , Ohio 43212 , United States
| | - Arijit Ghosh
- Laboratory for Translational Research in Imaging Pharmaceuticals, The Wright Center of Innovation in Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology , The Ohio State University , Columbus , Ohio 43212 , United States
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Abstract
Monitoring response to treatment is a key element in the management of infectious diseases, yet controversies still persist on reliable biomarkers for noninvasive response evaluation. Considering the limitations of invasiveness of most diagnostic procedures and the issue of expression heterogeneity of pathology, molecular imaging is better able to assay in vivo biologic processes noninvasively and quantitatively. The usefulness of 18F-FDG-PET/CT in assessing treatment response in infectious diseases is more promising than for conventional imaging. However, there are currently no clinical criteria or recommended imaging modalities to objectively evaluate the effectiveness of antimicrobial treatment. Therapeutic effectiveness is currently gauged by the patient's subjective clinical response. In this review, we present the current studies for monitoring treatment response, with a focus on Mycobacterium tuberculosis, as it remains a major worldwide cause of morbidity and mortality. The role of molecular imaging in monitoring other infections including spondylodiscitis, infected prosthetic vascular grafts, invasive fungal infections, and a parasitic disease is highlighted. The role of functional imaging in monitoring lipodystrophy associated with highly active antiretroviral therapy for human immunodeficiency virus is considered. We also discuss the key challenges and emerging data in optimizing noninvasive response evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike M Sathekge
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria and Steve Biko Academic Hospital, South Africa..
| | - Alfred O Ankrah
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria and Steve Biko Academic Hospital, South Africa.; Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ismaheel Lawal
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria and Steve Biko Academic Hospital, South Africa
| | - Mariza Vorster
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria and Steve Biko Academic Hospital, South Africa
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Zoppolo F, Porcal W, Oliver P, Savio E, Engler H. Automated One-pot Radiosynthesis of [11C]S-adenosyl Methionine. Curr Radiopharm 2017; 10:203-211. [PMID: 28721805 PMCID: PMC5740492 DOI: 10.2174/1874471010666170718171441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycine N-methyltransferase is an enzyme overexpressed in some neoplastic tissues. It catalyses the methylation of glycine using S-adenosyl methionine (SAM or AdoMet) as substrate. SAM is involved in a great variety of biochemical processes, including transmethylation reactions. Thus, [11C]SAM could be used to evaluate transmethylation activity in tumours. The only method reported for [11C]SAM synthesis is an enzymatic process with several limitations. We propose a new chemical method to obtain [11C]SAM, through a one-pot synthesis. METHOD The optimization of [11C]SAM synthesis was carried out in the automated TRACERlab® FX C Pro module. Different labelling conditions were performed varying methylating agent, precursor amount, temperature and reaction time. The compound was purified using a semipreparative HPLC. Radiochemical stability, lipophilicity and plasma protein binding were evaluated. RESULTS The optimum labelling conditions were [11C]CH3OTf as the methylating agent, 5 mg of precursor dissolved in formic acid at 60 °C for 1 minute. [11C]SAM was obtained as a diastereomeric mixture. Three batches were produced and quality control was performed according to specifications. [11C]SAM was stable in final formulation and in plasma. Log POCT obtained for [11C]SAM was (-2,01 ± 0,07) (n=4), and its value for plasma protein binding was low. CONCLUSION A new chemical method to produce [11C]SAM was optimized. The radiotracer was obtained as a diastereomeric mixture with a 53:47 [(R,S)-isomer: (S,S)-isomer] ratio. The compound was within the quality control specifications. In vitro stability was verified. This compound is suitable to perform preclinical and clinical evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Williams Porcal
- Uruguayan Centre of Molecular Imaging (CUDIM), Montevideo, Uruguay.,Facultad de Quimica, Universidad de la Republica (UdelaR), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Patricia Oliver
- Uruguayan Centre of Molecular Imaging (CUDIM), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Eduardo Savio
- Uruguayan Centre of Molecular Imaging (CUDIM), Montevideo, Uruguay.,Facultad de Quimica, Universidad de la Republica (UdelaR), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Henry Engler
- Uruguayan Centre of Molecular Imaging (CUDIM), Montevideo, Uruguay
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Bongiovanni A, Recine F, Celli M, Marcantognini G, Foca F, Liverani C, Fausti V, De Vita A, Miserocchi G, Mercatali L, Amadori D, Ibrahim T. Osteoblastic bone metastases from neuroendocrine tumor (NET) of unknown origin detected by 18fluorocholine PET/CT and its comparison with 68gallium-DOTATOC PET/CT: Case report and review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e8567. [PMID: 29145267 PMCID: PMC5704812 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000008567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Choline (CH) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) with fluorine 18 (F) CH is increasingly used not only to evaluate patients with biochemically recurrent prostate cancer but also to assess metastatic lesions that are difficult or impossible to identify using more conventional modalities. Our experience with CH PET/CT has shown that it can also be used for many other malignancies. PRESENTING CONCERNS A 71-year-old male with a neuroendocrine tumor (NET) of unknown origin showed osteoblastic bone metastases positive to F-CH PET. INTERVENTIONS Diffuse bone and liver metastases were gallium-DOTATOC PET-positive with only mild uptake on FDG PET/CT. An increased prostate specific antigen (8 μg/L) gave rise to a suspicion of concurrent prostate cancer and the patient underwent F-CH PET/CT which showed diffuse uptake in the bone. A CT-guided bone biopsy confirmed osteoblastic bone metastases from NET. OUTCOMES Given the aggressiveness of the tumor, the patient underwent treatment with temozolomide from July 2015 to December 2015, maintaining stable disease. However, progression was documented in January 2016 and the patient was enrolled onto a phase II peptide receptor radionuclide therapy retreatment trial, which is currently ongoing. MAIN LESSON Our study highlights that NETs should be taken into consideration in the differential diagnosis of osteoblastic bone metastases showing F-CH uptake. A prognostic role for this imaging technique can also be hypothesized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Flavia Foca
- Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
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