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Huang W, Hu W, Fang M, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Wang H. Impacts of prenatal environmental exposures on fetal-placental-maternal bile acid homeostasis and long-term health in offspring. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 283:116929. [PMID: 39213751 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
During pregnancy, the maternal body undergoes a series of adaptative physiological changes, leading to a slight increase in serum bile acid (BA) levels. Although the fetal liver can synthesize BAs since the first trimester through the alternative pathway, the BA metabolic system is immature in the fetus. Compared to adults, the fetus has a distinct composition of BA pool and limited expression of BA synthesis enzymes and transporters. Besides, the "enterohepatic circulation" of BAs is absent in fetus. Thus, fetal BAs need to be transported to the mother through the placenta for further metabolism and excretion, and maternal BAs can also be transported to the fetus. That is what we call the "fetal-placental-maternal BA circulation". Various BA transporters and nuclear receptors are essential for maintaining the balance of this BA circulation to ensure normal fetal development. However, prenatal adverse environments can alter fetal BA metabolism, resulting in intrauterine developmental abnormalities and susceptibility to a variety of adult chronic diseases. This review summarizes the current understanding of the fetal-placental-maternal BA circulation and discusses the effects of prenatal adverse environments on this particular BA circulation, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for exploring early prevention and treatment strategies for BA metabolism-associated adverse pregnancy outcomes and long-term impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Wen Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Diseases, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Man Fang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yuanzhen Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Diseases, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Diseases, Wuhan 430071, China.
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Adekunbi DA, Yang B, Huber HF, Riojas AM, Moody AJ, Li C, Olivier M, Nathanielsz PW, Clarke GD, Cox LA, Salmon AB. Perinatal maternal undernutrition in baboons modulates hepatic mitochondrial function but not metabolites in aging offspring. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.02.592246. [PMID: 38746316 PMCID: PMC11092655 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.02.592246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated in baboons that maternal undernutrition (MUN), achieved by 70 % of control nutrition, impairs fetal liver function, but long-term changes associated with aging in this model remain unexplored. Here, we assessed clinical phenotypes of liver function, mitochondrial bioenergetics, and protein abundance in adult male and female baboons exposed to MUN during pregnancy and lactation and their control counterparts. Plasma liver enzymes were assessed enzymatically. Liver glycogen, choline, and lipid concentrations were quantified by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Mitochondrial respiration in primary hepatocytes under standard culture conditions and in response to metabolic (1 mM glucose) and oxidative (100 µM H2O2) stress were assessed with Seahorse XFe96. Hepatocyte mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and protein abundance were determined by tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester staining and immunoblotting, respectively. Liver enzymes and metabolite concentrations were largely unaffected by MUN, except for higher aspartate aminotransferase levels in MUN offspring when male and female data were combined. Oxygen consumption rate, extracellular acidification rate, and MMP were significantly higher in male MUN offspring relative to control animals under standard culture. However, in females, cellular respiration was similar in control and MUN offspring. In response to low glucose challenge, only control male hepatocytes were resistant to low glucose-stimulated increase in basal and ATP-linked respiration. H2O2 did not affect hepatocyte mitochondrial respiration. Protein markers of mitochondrial respiratory chain subunits, biogenesis, dynamics, and antioxidant enzymes were unchanged. Male-specific increases in mitochondrial bioenergetics in MUN offspring may be associated with increased energy demand in these animals. The similarity in systemic liver parameters suggests that changes in hepatocyte bioenergetics capacity precede detectable circulatory hepatic defects in MUN offspring and that the mitochondria may be an orchestrator of liver programming outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Adekunbi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Bowen Yang
- Research Imaging Institute, Long School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Ant Texas, USA
| | - Hillary F Huber
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Angelica M Riojas
- Research Imaging Institute, Long School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Ant Texas, USA
| | - Alexander J Moody
- Research Imaging Institute, Long School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Ant Texas, USA
| | - Cun Li
- Texas Pregnancy and Life-course Health Research Center, Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
| | - Michael Olivier
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Peter W Nathanielsz
- Texas Pregnancy and Life-course Health Research Center, Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
| | - Geoffery D Clarke
- Research Imaging Institute, Long School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Ant Texas, USA
| | - Laura A Cox
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Adam B Salmon
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Audie L. Murphy Hospital, Southwest Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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Wan S, Wu W, Bu W. Application of intranasal dexmedetomidine in magnetic resonance imaging of preterm infants: The ED50, efficacy and safety analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38040. [PMID: 38701317 PMCID: PMC11062713 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infants undergoing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) often require pharmacological sedation. Dexmedetomidine serves as a novel sedative agent that induces a unique unconsciousness similar to natural sleep, and therefore has currently been used as the first choice for sedation in infants and young children. OBJECTIVE To determine the 50% effective dose (ED50) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) of intranasal dexmedetomidine for MRI in preterm and term infants, and to observe the incidence of adverse events. To explore whether there were differences in ED50 and 95%CI, heart rate (HR) and blood oxygen saturation (SpO2), the induction time and wake-up time and the incidence of adverse events between the 2 groups, so as to provide guidance for clinical safe medication for the meanwhile. METHODS A total of 68 infants were prospectively recruited for MRI examination under drug sedation (1 week ≤ age ≤ 23 weeks or weight ≤ 5kg). The children were divided into 2 groups according to whether they had preterm birth experience (Preterm group, Atterm group). The Dixon up-and-down method was used to explore ED50. The basic vital signs of the 2 groups were recorded, and the heart rate and SpO2 were recorded every 5 minutes until the infants were discharged from the hospital. The induction time, wake-up time and adverse events were recorded. RESULTS The ED50 (95%CI) of intranasal dexmedetomidine in the Preterm group and the Atterm group were 2.23 (2.03-2.66) μg/kg and 2.64 (2.49-2.83) μg/kg, respectively (P < .05). the wake-up time was longer in Preterm group (98.00min) than in Atterm group (81.00 min) (P < .05), the incidence of bradycardia in Preterm group was 3/33, which was higher than that in Atterm group (1/35). There was no difference in the induction time between the 2 groups (P > .05), and there was no significant difference in other adverse events. CONCLUSIONS Intranasal dexmedetomidine can be safely used for sedation in preterm infants undergoing MRI. Compared with term infants, preterm infants have a lower dose of dexmedetomidine, a higher incidence of bradycardia, and a longer weak-up time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjun Wan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, CR & WISCO General Hospital, Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenhao Bu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Charles DA, Prince SE. Deciphering the molecular mechanism of NLRP3 in BPA-mediated toxicity: Implications for targeted therapies. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28917. [PMID: 38596095 PMCID: PMC11002687 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol-A (BPA), a pervasive industrial chemical used in polymer synthesis, is found in numerous consumer products including food packaging, medical devices, and resins. Detectable in a majority of the global population, BPA exposure occurs via ingestion, inhalation, and dermal routes. Extensive research has demonstrated the adverse health effects of BPA, particularly its disruption of immune and endocrine systems, along with genotoxic potential. This review focuses on the complex relationship between BPA exposure and the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, a multiprotein complex central to inflammatory disease processes. We examine how BPA induces oxidative stress through the generation of intracellular free radicals, subsequently activating NLRP3 signaling. The mechanistic details of this process are explored, including the involvement of signaling cascades such as PI3K/AKT, JAK/STAT, AMPK/mTOR, and ERK/MAPK, which are implicated in NLRP3 inflammasome activation. A key focus of this review is the wide-ranging organ toxicities associated with BPA exposure, including hepatic, renal, gastrointestinal, and cardiovascular dysfunction. We investigate the immunopathogenesis and molecular pathways driving these injuries, highlighting the interplay among BPA, oxidative stress, and the NLRP3 inflammasome. Finally, this review explores the emerging concept of targeting NLRP3 as a potential therapeutic strategy to mitigate the organ toxicities stemming from BPA exposure. This work integrates current knowledge, emphasizes complex molecular mechanisms, and promotes further research into NLRP3-targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doveit Antony Charles
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sabina Evan Prince
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Mok JH, Song J, Hahn WH, Cho S, Park JM, Koh J, Kim H, Kang NM. Biochemical Profiling of Urine Metabolome in Premature Infants Based on LC-MS Considering Maternal Influence. Nutrients 2024; 16:411. [PMID: 38337695 PMCID: PMC10857068 DOI: 10.3390/nu16030411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS)-based metabolomics profiling was conducted to elucidate the urinary profiles of premature infants during early and late postnatal stages. As a result, we discovered significant excretion of maternal drugs in early-stage infants and identified crucial metabolites like hormones and amino acids. These findings shed light on the maternal impact on neonatal metabolism and underscore the beneficial effects of breastfeeding on the metabolism of essential amino acids in infants. This research not only enhances our understanding of maternal-infant nutritional interactions and their long-term implications for preterm infants but also offers critical insights into the biochemical characteristics and physiological mechanisms of preterm infants, laying a groundwork for future clinical studies focused on neonatal development and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hun Mok
- Department of Medical Device Management and Research, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06355, Republic of Korea;
| | - Junhwan Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea; (J.S.); (J.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Won-Ho Hahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul 04401, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seonghyeon Cho
- Basil Biotech, Incheon 22002, Republic of Korea; (S.C.); (J.-M.P.)
| | - Jong-Moon Park
- Basil Biotech, Incheon 22002, Republic of Korea; (S.C.); (J.-M.P.)
| | - Jiwon Koh
- Department of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea; (J.S.); (J.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Ho Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea; (J.S.); (J.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Nam Mi Kang
- Department of Nursing, Research Institute for Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju-si 27478, Republic of Korea
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Fan X, Rong H, Wang Y, Li M, Song W, Su A, Yu T. The correlation between serum total bile acid and alanine aminotransferase of pregnant women and the disorders of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia-related amino acid metabolism. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2024; 24:26. [PMID: 38172739 PMCID: PMC10763467 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-06226-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To explore the association between liver metabolism-related indicators in maternal serum and neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (NHB), and further investigate the predictive value of these indicators in NHB-related amino acid metabolism disorders. METHODS 51 NHB and 182 No-NHB newborns and their mothers who treated in the Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang from 2018 to 2022 were participated in the study. The differences in clinical data were compared by the Mann-Whitney U test and Chi-square test. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between maternal serum indicators and the occurrence of NHB. The correlation analysis and risk factor assessment of maternal serum indicators with NHB-related amino acid metabolic disorders were performed using Spearman correlation analysis and multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS Compared to the non NHB group, the NHB group had higher maternal serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), ALT/AST, and total bile acid (TBA), while lower levels of serum albumin (ALB), total cholesterol (TC) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). The levels of alanine (ALA), valine (VAL), ornithine (ORN), and proline (PRO) in the newborns were reduced in NHB group, while arginine (ARG) showed a tendency to be elevated. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that maternal ALT, AST, ALT/AST, and TBA levels were all at higher risk with the development of NHB, whereas ALB, TC, and HDL levels were negatively associated with NHB development. Increasing maternal TBA level was associated with lower ALA (r=-0.167, p = 0.011), VAL (r=-0.214, p = 0.001), ORN (r=-0.196, p = 0.003), and PRO in the newborns (r=-0.131, p = 0.045). Maternal ALT level was negatively associated with ALA (r=-0.135, p = 0.039), VAL (r=-0.177, p = 0.007), ORN (r=-0.257, p < 0.001), while ALT/AST was positively correlated with ARG (r = 0.133, p = 0.013). After adjustment for confounding factors, maternal serum TBA and ALT were the independent risk factor for neonatal ORN metabolic disorders [(adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.379, 95%CI = 0.188-0.762, p = 0.006), (AOR = 0.441, 95%CI = 0.211-0.922, p = 0.030)]. Maternal ALT level was an independent risk factor for neonatal VAL metabolic disorders (AOR = 0.454, 95%CI = 0.218-0.949, p = 0.036). CONCLUSIONS The levels of high TBA, ALT, AST, and low HDL, TC of maternal were associated with the risk of NHB. Maternal TBA and ALT levels were independent risk factors for NHB-related amino acid disturbances which have value as predictive makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xizhenzi Fan
- Research center for clinical medical sciences, Hebei key laboratory of maternal and fetal medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Huijuan Rong
- Department of Nursing, The Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Department of Functional Region of Diagnosis, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Mingwei Li
- Research center for clinical medical sciences, Hebei key laboratory of maternal and fetal medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Wenhui Song
- Research center for clinical medical sciences, Hebei key laboratory of maternal and fetal medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Achou Su
- Research center for clinical medical sciences, Hebei key laboratory of maternal and fetal medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Tianxiao Yu
- Research center for clinical medical sciences, Hebei key laboratory of maternal and fetal medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China.
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Handlogten K. Pediatric regional anesthesiology: a narrative review and update on outcome-based advances. Int Anesthesiol Clin 2024; 62:69-78. [PMID: 38063039 DOI: 10.1097/aia.0000000000000421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Handlogten
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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Zhang W, Zhang Q, Cao Z, Zheng L, Hu W. Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling in Neonates: Current Status and Future Perspectives. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2765. [PMID: 38140105 PMCID: PMC10747965 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Rational drug use in special populations is a clinical problem that doctors and pharma-cists must consider seriously. Neonates are the most physiologically immature and vulnerable to drug dosing. There is a pronounced difference in the anatomical and physiological profiles be-tween neonates and older people, affecting the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs in vivo, ultimately leading to changes in drug concentration. Thus, dose adjustments in neonates are necessary to achieve adequate therapeutic concentrations and avoid drug toxicity. Over the past few decades, modeling and simulation techniques, especially physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling, have been increasingly used in pediatric drug development and clinical therapy. This rigorously designed and verified model can effectively compensate for the deficiencies of clinical trials in neonates, provide a valuable reference for clinical research design, and even replace some clinical trials to predict drug plasma concentrations in newborns. This review introduces previous findings regarding age-dependent physiological changes and pathological factors affecting neonatal pharmacokinetics, along with their research means. The application of PBPK modeling in neonatal pharmacokinetic studies of various medications is also reviewed. Based on this, we propose future perspectives on neonatal PBPK modeling and hope for its broader application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Liang Zheng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China; (W.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Z.C.)
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China; (W.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Z.C.)
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Badakhshan SN, Ghazizadeh H, Mohammadi‐Bajgiran M, Esmaily H, Khorasani MY, Bohn MK, Pashirzad M, Khodabandeh AK, Zadeh SG, Alami‐Arani I, Rahimi H, Ferns GA, Boskabadi H, Assaran‐Darban R, Adeli K, Ghayour‐Mobarhan M. Age-specific reference intervals for liver function tests in healthy neonates, infants, and young children in Iran. J Clin Lab Anal 2023; 37:e24995. [PMID: 38087776 PMCID: PMC10756939 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The reference intervals (RIs) for liver function tests (LFTs) were determined in Iranian children for the first time. METHODS A total of 344 healthy pediatrics aged 3 days to 30 months old were recruited. Serum levels of ALT, AST, ALP, direct bilirubin, and total bilirubin were measured. RIs were determined using CLSI Ep28-A3 guidelines. RESULTS All analytes demonstrated age-specific differences except AST. ALT and ALP demonstrated significantly elevated levels in infants 0 to <5 months relative to the remainder of the age range. Direct and total bilirubin demonstrated markedly elevated levels in early life with mean of 0.28 mg/dL and 1.64 mg/dL observed for direct and total bilirubin, respectively, decreasing by ~50% in the adjacent partition. CONCLUSION These novel data will help improve the clinical interpretation of biochemical test results in young Iranian neonates and children and can be of value to clinical laboratories with similar populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hamideh Ghazizadeh
- CALIPER Program, Division of Clinical Biochemistry, Pediatric Laboratory MedicineThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoOntarioCanada
- International UNESCO Center for Health‐Related Basic Sciences and Human NutritionMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Maryam Mohammadi‐Bajgiran
- International UNESCO Center for Health‐Related Basic Sciences and Human NutritionMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Habibollah Esmaily
- Social Determinants of Health Research CenterMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Department of Biostatistics, School of HealthMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Mahdiyeh Yaghooti Khorasani
- International UNESCO Center for Health‐Related Basic Sciences and Human NutritionMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Mary Kathryn Bohn
- CALIPER Program, Division of Clinical Biochemistry, Pediatric Laboratory MedicineThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & PathobiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Mehran Pashirzad
- International UNESCO Center for Health‐Related Basic Sciences and Human NutritionMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of MedicineMashhad University of Medical ScienceMashhadIran
| | - Atieh Kamel Khodabandeh
- International UNESCO Center for Health‐Related Basic Sciences and Human NutritionMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Sara Ghazi Zadeh
- Department of BiologyMashhad Branch, Islamic Azad UniversityMashhadIran
| | - Iman Alami‐Arani
- Department of BiologyMashhad Branch, Islamic Azad UniversityMashhadIran
| | - Hamidreza Rahimi
- International UNESCO Center for Health‐Related Basic Sciences and Human NutritionMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Gordon A. Ferns
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical EducationFalmerBrightonUK
| | - Hassan Boskabadi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | | | - Khosrow Adeli
- CALIPER Program, Division of Clinical Biochemistry, Pediatric Laboratory MedicineThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & PathobiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Majid Ghayour‐Mobarhan
- International UNESCO Center for Health‐Related Basic Sciences and Human NutritionMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
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Jin J, Zhong XB. Epigenetic Mechanisms Contribute to Intraindividual Variations of Drug Metabolism Mediated by Cytochrome P450 Enzymes. Drug Metab Dispos 2023; 51:672-684. [PMID: 36973001 PMCID: PMC10197210 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.122.001007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Significant interindividual and intraindividual variations on cytochrome P450 (CYP)-mediated drug metabolism exist in the general population globally. Genetic polymorphisms are one of the major contribution factors for interindividual variations, but epigenetic mechanisms mainly contribute to intraindividual variations, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, microRNAs, and long non-coding RNAs. The current review provides analysis of advanced knowledge in the last decade on contributions of epigenetic mechanisms to intraindividual variations on CYP-mediated drug metabolism in several situations, including (1) ontogeny, the developmental changes of CYP expression in individuals from neonates to adults; (2) increased activities of CYP enzymes induced by drug treatment; (3) increased activities of CYP enzymes in adult ages induced by drug treatment at neonate ages; and (4) decreased activities of CYP enzymes in individuals with drug-induced liver injury (DILI). Furthermore, current challenges, knowledge gaps, and future perspective of the epigenetic mechanisms in development of CYP pharmacoepigenetics are discussed. In conclusion, epigenetic mechanisms have been proven to contribute to intraindividual variations of drug metabolism mediated by CYP enzymes in age development, drug induction, and DILI conditions. The knowledge has helped understanding how intraindividual variation are generated. Future studies are needed to develop CYP-based pharmacoepigenetics to guide clinical applications for precision medicine with improved therapeutic efficacy and reduced risk of adverse drug reactions and toxicity. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Understanding epigenetic mechanisms in contribution to intraindividual variations of CYP-mediated drug metabolism may help to develop CYP-based pharmacoepigenetics for precision medicine to improve therapeutic efficacy and reduce adverse drug reactions and toxicity for drugs metabolized by CYP enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Xiao-Bo Zhong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
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11
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Rager SL, Zeng MY. The Gut-Liver Axis in Pediatric Liver Health and Disease. Microorganisms 2023; 11:597. [PMID: 36985171 PMCID: PMC10051507 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11030597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been growing interest in the complex host-microbe interactions within the human gut and the role these interactions play in systemic health and disease. As an essential metabolic organ, the liver is intimately coupled to the intestinal microbial environment via the portal venous system. Our understanding of the gut-liver axis comes almost exclusively from studies of adults; the gut-liver axis in children, who have unique physiology and differing gut microbial communities, remains poorly understood. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of common pediatric hepatobiliary conditions and recent studies exploring the contributions of the gut microbiota to these conditions or changes of the gut microbiota due to these conditions. We examine the current literature regarding the microbial alterations that take place in biliary atresia, pediatric non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, Wilson's disease, cystic fibrosis, inflammatory bowel disease, and viral hepatitis. Finally, we propose potential therapeutic approaches involving modulation of the gut microbiota and the gut-liver axis to mitigate the progression of pediatric liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L. Rager
- Gale and Ira Drukier Institute for Children’s Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Melody Y. Zeng
- Gale and Ira Drukier Institute for Children’s Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
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12
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The Role of Manganese in Very Low Birth Weight Infants. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2022; 75:e98-e105. [PMID: 35930026 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000003582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES High manganese (Mn) levels during fetal growth or prolonged parenteral nutrition (PN) may have adverse effects on neurodevelopment. We aim to report on Mn levels and their short-term impact on clinical course in very low birth weight infants. METHODS An observational study including newborns with a gestational age (GA) ≤32 weeks and/or ≤1500 g of birth weight (BW). Newborns received intravenous supplementation of Mn at 1 µg/kg/day (Peditrace ® ) in PN and continued with fortified breast milk. Mothers answered surveys about dietary and other habits and blood levels of Mn in newborns were analyzed at days 1, 15, and 30 of life. Associations of Mn levels with mothers' and newborns' data were evaluated and adjusted for multiple comparisons. RESULTS One hundred and sixty premature infants were recruited. Median blood Mn levels at birth were 43.0 and 24.5 µg/L at day 30. No important association with mothers' data was found. Median [interquartile range (IQR)] duration of PN was 8 days (7-14). A prolonged PN and late oral feeding showed a nonsignificant association with lower blood Mn levels at day 30 ( P = 0.010, P threshold 0.003). Mn levels at day 15 and 30 were associated with increasing GA ( P < 0.001). Low Mn was not a significant predictor of adverse outcomes such as retinopathy of prematurity, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, or respiratory distress syndrome after adjusting for potential confounders and multiple testing. CONCLUSIONS Mn showed lower levels with decreasing GA and prolonged PN. Using a low Mn PN solution may not raise blood Mn levels in premature infants.
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Santos Silva E, Rocha S, Candeias Ramos R, Coutinho H, Catarino C, Teixeira F, Henriques G, Lopes AI, Santos-Silva A, Brites D. Bile acids profile and redox status in healthy infants. Pediatr Res 2022:10.1038/s41390-022-02350-y. [PMID: 36272998 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-022-02350-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND At birth, human neonates are more likely to develop cholestasis and oxidative stress due to immaturity or other causes. We aimed to search for a potential association between bile acids profile, redox status, and type of diet in healthy infants. METHODS A cross-sectional, exploratory study enrolled 2-month-old full-term infants (n = 32). We measured plasma bile acids (total and conjugated), and red blood cell (RBC) oxidative stress biomarkers. The type of diet (breastfeeding, mixed, formula) was used as an independent variable. RESULTS Plasma total bile acids medium value was 14.80 µmol/L (IQR: 9.25-18.00). The plasma-conjugated chenodeoxycholic acid percentage (CDCA%) correlated significantly and negatively with RBCs membrane-bound hemoglobin percentage (MBH%) (r = -0.635, p < 0.01) and with RBC-oxidized glutathione (r = -0.403, p < 0.05) levels. RBC oxidative stress biomarkers (especially MBH%) were predictors of conjugated CDCA%, and this predictive ability was enhanced when adjusted for the type of diet (MBH, r = 0.452, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the bile acid profile might play a role in the regulation of redox status (or vice versa) in early postnatal life. Eventually, the type of diet may have some impact on this process. IMPACT The conjugated CDCA% in plasma is negatively correlated with biomarkers of RBC oxidative stress in healthy infants. Specific biomarkers of RBC oxidative stress (e.g. MBH, GSH, GSSG) may be promising predictors of conjugated CDCA% in plasma. The type of diet may influence the predictive ability of hit RBC oxidative stress biomarkers (e.g. MBH, GSH, GSSG). Our findings suggest a link between plasma bile acids profile and the RBC redox status in healthy infants, eventually modulated by the type of diet. The recognition of this link may contribute to the development of preventive and therapeutic strategies for neonatal cholestasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermelinda Santos Silva
- Gastroenterology Unit, Pediatrics Division, Child and Adolescent Department, Centro Materno Infantil do Norte, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal. .,Integrated Master in Medicine, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal. .,UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal. .,Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Susana Rocha
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Candeias Ramos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Helena Coutinho
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cristina Catarino
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Teixeira
- CoreLab, Pathology Department, Hospital de Santo António, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Graça Henriques
- CoreLab, Pathology Department, Hospital de Santo António, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Isabel Lopes
- Clínica Universitária de Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Pediatrics Department, Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Alice Santos-Silva
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Dora Brites
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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14
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Perinatal exposure to UDCA prevents neonatal cholestasis in Cyp2c70 -/- mice with human-like bile acids. Pediatr Res 2022; 93:1582-1590. [PMID: 36151295 PMCID: PMC10172110 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-022-02303-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyp2c70-/- mice with a human-like bile acid (BA) composition display features of neonatal cholestasis. We assessed whether perinatal ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) exposure prevents neonatal cholestasis in Cyp2c70-/- mice and reduces cholangiopathy development later in life. METHODS Cyp2c70+/- males were crossed with Cyp2c70+/- females fed either a regular chow diet or a 0.1% UDCA-containing diet during breeding, gestation, and suckling. Cholestasis and liver function parameters were assessed in their Cyp2c70-/- and wild-type offspring at 3 and 8 weeks of age. RESULTS Three-week-old Cyp2c70-/- pups showed features of neonatal cholestasis, including elevated plasma BAs and transaminases, which were completely prevented in Cyp2c70-/- pups upon perinatal UDCA exposure. In addition, UDCA administration to the dams corrected altered hepatic gene expression patterns in Cyp2c70-/- pups, reduced markers of fibrogenesis and inflammation, and prevented cholangiocyte proliferation. Yet, these beneficial effects of perinatal UDCA exposure were not retained into adulthood upon discontinuation of treatment. CONCLUSION Perinatal exposure of Cyp2c70-/- mice to UDCA has beneficial effects on liver function parameters, supporting a direct role of BA hydrophobicity in the development of neonatal cholestasis in these mice. However, prevention of neonatal cholestasis in Cyp2c70-/- mice has no long-lasting effects on liver pathophysiology. IMPACT This is the first study showing that perinatal UDCA exposure prevents features of neonatal cholestasis that are observed in mice with a human-like bile acid composition, i.e., Cyp2c70-/- mice. Perinatal UDCA exposure of Cyp2c70-/- pups leads to UDCA enrichment in their circulating bile acid pool and, consequently, to a reduced hydrophobicity of biliary bile acids. Perinatal UDCA exposure of Cyp2c70-/- pups has no long-lasting effects on the development of cholangiopathy after discontinuation of treatment. The results in this study expand current knowledge regarding acute and long-lasting effects of UDCA treatment in early life.
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15
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Simeoli R, Cairoli S, Decembrino N, Campi F, Dionisi Vici C, Corona A, Goffredo BM. Use of Antibiotics in Preterm Newborns. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11091142. [PMID: 36139921 PMCID: PMC9495226 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11091142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to complex maturational and physiological changes that characterize neonates and affect their response to pharmacological treatments, neonatal pharmacology is different from children and adults and deserves particular attention. Although preterms are usually considered part of the neonatal population, they have physiological and pharmacological hallmarks different from full-terms and, therefore, need specific considerations. Antibiotics are widely used among preterms. In fact, during their stay in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), invasive procedures, including central catheters for parental nutrition and ventilators for respiratory support, are often sources of microbes and require antimicrobial treatments. Unfortunately, the majority of drugs administered to neonates are off-label due to the lack of clinical studies conducted on this special population. In fact, physiological and ethical concerns represent a huge limit in performing pharmacokinetic (PK) studies on these subjects, since they limit the number and volume of blood sampling. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is a useful tool that allows dose adjustments aiming to fit plasma concentrations within the therapeutic range and to reach specific drug target attainment. In this review of the last ten years’ literature, we performed Pubmed research aiming to summarize the PK aspects for the most used antibiotics in preterms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Simeoli
- Division of Metabolic Diseases and Drug Biology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Cairoli
- Division of Metabolic Diseases and Drug Biology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Nunzia Decembrino
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital “Policlinico-San Marco” Catania, Integrated Department for Maternal and Child’s Health Protection, 95100 Catania, Italy
| | - Francesca Campi
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Medical and Surgical Department of Fetus-Newborn-Infant, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Dionisi Vici
- Division of Metabolic Diseases and Drug Biology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Corona
- ICU and Accident & Emergency Department, ASST Valcamonica, 25043 Breno, Italy
| | - Bianca Maria Goffredo
- Division of Metabolic Diseases and Drug Biology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0668592174; Fax: + 39-0668593009
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16
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Yang M, Luo S, Yang J, Chen W, He L, Liu D, Zhao L, Wang X. Crosstalk between the liver and kidney in diabetic nephropathy. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 931:175219. [PMID: 35987257 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a serious complication of diabetes, and its pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated. Recently, communication between organs has gradually become a new focus in the study of diseases pathogenesis, and abnormal interorgan communication has been proven to be involved in the occurrence and progression of many diseases. As an important metabolic organ in the human body, the liver plays an important role in maintaining homeostasis in humans. The liver secretes a series of proteins called hepatokines that affect adjacent and distal organs through paracrine or endocrine signaling pathways. In this review, we summarize some of the hepatokines identified to date and describe their roles in DN to discuss the possibility that the liver-renal axis is potentially useful as a therapeutic target for DN. We summarize the important hepatokines identified thus far and discuss their relationship with DN. We propose for the first time that the "liver-renal axis" is a potential therapeutic target in individuals with DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- Department of Nutrition, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shilu Luo
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinfei Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liyu He
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Di Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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17
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Simonini A, Brogi E, Cascella M, Vittori A. Advantages of ketamine in pediatric anesthesia. Open Med (Wars) 2022; 17:1134-1147. [PMID: 35859796 PMCID: PMC9263896 DOI: 10.1515/med-2022-0509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Although ketamine is primarily used for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia, it also presents sedative, amnestic, anesthetics, analgesic, antihyperalgesia, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulant, and antidepressant effects. Its unique pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetic properties allow the use of ketamine in various clinical settings including sedation, ambulatory anesthesia, and intensive care practices. It has also adopted to manage acute and chronic pain management. Clinically, ketamine produces dissociative sedation, analgesia, and amnesia while maintaining laryngeal reflexes, with respiratory and cardiovascular stability. Notably, it does not cause respiratory depression, maintaining both the hypercapnic reflex and the residual functional capacity with a moderate bronchodilation effect. In the pediatric population, ketamine can be administered through practically all routes, making it an advantageous drug for the sedation required setting such as placement of difficult vascular access and in uncooperative and oppositional children. Consequently, ketamine is indicated in prehospital induction of anesthesia, induction of anesthesia in potentially hemodynamic unstable patients, and in patients at risk of bronchospasm. Even more, ketamine does not increase intracranial pressure, and it can be safely used also in patients with traumatic brain injuries. This article is aimed to provide a brief and practical summary of the role of ketamine in the pediatric field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Simonini
- Department of Pediatric Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, S.C. SOD Anestesia e Rianimazione Pediatrica, Ospedale G. Salesi , Ancona , 60123 , Italy
| | - Etrusca Brogi
- Department Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Pisa , Pisa , 56126 , Italy
| | - Marco Cascella
- Department of Supportive Care, Division of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale , Naples , 80100 , Italy
| | - Alessandro Vittori
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, ARCO Roma Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù IRCCS, Piazza S. Onofrio 4 , 00165 , Rome , Italy
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18
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Harvey SL, Fallon BP, McLeod JS, Matusko N, Rabah R, Arnold MA, Rojas-Pena A, Bartlett RH, Mychaliska GB. Hepatic Function in Premature Lambs Supported by the Artificial Placenta and Total Parenteral Nutrition. ASAIO J 2022; 68:949-955. [PMID: 35383597 PMCID: PMC9246820 DOI: 10.1097/mat.0000000000001586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The artificial placenta (AP) promotes organ development and reduces organ injury in a lamb model of extreme prematurity. This study evaluates hepatic outcomes after AP support with total parenteral nutrition (TPN) administration. Premature lambs (116-121 days estimated gestational age; term = 145) were cannulated for 7 days of AP support. Lambs received TPN with SMOFlipid (n = 7) or Intralipid (n = 5). Liver function and injury were compared between the two groups biochemically and histologically. Groups were compared by ANOVA with Tukey's multiple comparisons or linear-mixed effects models. From baseline to day 7, total bilirubin (Intralipid 2.6 ± 2.3 to 7.9 ± 4.4 mg/dl; SMOFlipid 0.3 ± 0.1 to 5.5 ± 2.3 mg/dl), alanine aminotransferase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase increased in both groups ( p < 0.001 for all). Direct bilirubin (0.3 ± 0.2 to 1.8 ± 1.4 mg/dl; p = 0.006) and AST (27 ± 5 to 309 ± 242 mg/dl; p < 0.001) increased in SMOFlipid group (not measured in Intralipid group). On liver histology, Intralipid showed more cholestasis than SMOFlipid; both groups showed more than tissue controls. The Intralipid group alone showed hepatocyte injury and had more congestion than controls. Lambs supported by the AP with TPN administration maintain normal hepatic function and sustain minimal hepatic injury. SMOFlipid is associated with decreased cholestasis and hepatic injury versus Intralipid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen L. Harvey
- Department of Surgery, ECLS Laboratory, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Brian P. Fallon
- Department of Surgery, ECLS Laboratory, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Jennifer S. McLeod
- Department of Surgery, ECLS Laboratory, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Niki Matusko
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Raja Rabah
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Meghan A. Arnold
- Department of Surgery, Section of Pediatric Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Alvaro Rojas-Pena
- Department of Surgery, ECLS Laboratory, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Surgery, Section of Transplantation, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Robert H. Bartlett
- Department of Surgery, ECLS Laboratory, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - George B. Mychaliska
- Department of Surgery, Section of Pediatric Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
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Zhao X, Xuan R, Wang A, Li Q, Zhao Y, Du S, Duan Q, Wang Y, Ji Z, Guo Y, Wang J, Chao T. High-Throughput Sequencing Reveals Transcriptome Signature of Early Liver Development in Goat Kids. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:833. [PMID: 35627218 PMCID: PMC9141777 DOI: 10.3390/genes13050833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
As a vital metabolic and immune organ in animals, the liver plays an important role in protein synthesis, detoxification, metabolism, and immune defense. The primary research purpose of this study was to reveal the effect of breast-feeding, weaning transition, and weaning on the gene expression profile in the goat kid liver and to elucidate the transcriptome-level signatures associated with liver metabolic adaptation. Therefore, transcriptome sequencing was performed on liver tissues, which was collected at 1 day (D1), 2 weeks (W2), 4 weeks (W4), 8 weeks (W8), and 12 weeks (W12) after birth in Laiwu black goats at five different time-points, with five goats at each time point. From 25 libraries, a total of 37497 mRNAs were found to be expressed in goat kid livers, and 1271 genes were differentially expressed between at least two of the five time points. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses revealed that these genes were annotated as an extracellular region fraction, exhibiting monooxygenase activity, positive regulation of T cell activation, mitotic spindle mid-region assembly, cytokinesis, cytoskeleton-dependent cytokinesis, regulation of cytokinesis, regulation of lymphocyte proliferation, and so on. In addition, it mainly deals with metabolism, endocrine, cell proliferation and apoptosis, and immune processes. Finally, a gene regulatory network was constructed, and a total of 14 key genes were screened, which were mainly enriched for cell growth and development, endocrine, immune, and signal transduction-related pathways. Our results provide new information on the molecular mechanisms and pathways involved in liver development, metabolism, and immunity of goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 261018, China; (X.Z.); (R.X.); (Q.L.); (Y.Z.); (S.D.); (Q.D.); (Y.W.); (Z.J.); (Y.G.); (J.W.)
| | - Rong Xuan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 261018, China; (X.Z.); (R.X.); (Q.L.); (Y.Z.); (S.D.); (Q.D.); (Y.W.); (Z.J.); (Y.G.); (J.W.)
| | - Aili Wang
- Center for Evolution and Conservation Biology, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China;
| | - Qing Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 261018, China; (X.Z.); (R.X.); (Q.L.); (Y.Z.); (S.D.); (Q.D.); (Y.W.); (Z.J.); (Y.G.); (J.W.)
| | - Yilin Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 261018, China; (X.Z.); (R.X.); (Q.L.); (Y.Z.); (S.D.); (Q.D.); (Y.W.); (Z.J.); (Y.G.); (J.W.)
| | - Shanfeng Du
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 261018, China; (X.Z.); (R.X.); (Q.L.); (Y.Z.); (S.D.); (Q.D.); (Y.W.); (Z.J.); (Y.G.); (J.W.)
| | - Qingling Duan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 261018, China; (X.Z.); (R.X.); (Q.L.); (Y.Z.); (S.D.); (Q.D.); (Y.W.); (Z.J.); (Y.G.); (J.W.)
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 261018, China; (X.Z.); (R.X.); (Q.L.); (Y.Z.); (S.D.); (Q.D.); (Y.W.); (Z.J.); (Y.G.); (J.W.)
| | - Zhibin Ji
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 261018, China; (X.Z.); (R.X.); (Q.L.); (Y.Z.); (S.D.); (Q.D.); (Y.W.); (Z.J.); (Y.G.); (J.W.)
| | - Yanfei Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 261018, China; (X.Z.); (R.X.); (Q.L.); (Y.Z.); (S.D.); (Q.D.); (Y.W.); (Z.J.); (Y.G.); (J.W.)
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 261018, China; (X.Z.); (R.X.); (Q.L.); (Y.Z.); (S.D.); (Q.D.); (Y.W.); (Z.J.); (Y.G.); (J.W.)
| | - Tianle Chao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 261018, China; (X.Z.); (R.X.); (Q.L.); (Y.Z.); (S.D.); (Q.D.); (Y.W.); (Z.J.); (Y.G.); (J.W.)
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Larson-Peine JM, Heller MC, Rathert-Williams AR, Pearl KA, Duncan NB, Vander Ley BL, Meyer AM. Blood chemistry and rectal temperature changes in a population of healthy, fall-born, suckling beef calves from birth to 72 h of age. Theriogenology 2022; 188:145-155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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21
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Luce E, Steichen C, Allouche M, Messina A, Heslan JM, Lambert T, Weber A, Nguyen TH, Christophe O, Dubart-Kupperschmitt A. In vitro recovery of FIX clotting activity as a marker of highly functional hepatocytes in a hemophilia B iPSC model. Hepatology 2022; 75:866-880. [PMID: 34687060 PMCID: PMC9299628 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocytes differentiated in monolayer culture are known to have more fetal than adult hepatocyte characteristics. If numerous studies tend to show that this immature phenotype might not necessarily be an obstacle to their use in transplantation, other applications such as drug screening, toxicological studies, or bioartificial livers are reliant on hepatocyte functionality and require full differentiation of hepatocytes. New technologies have been used to improve the differentiation process in recent years, usually evaluated by measuring the albumin production and CYP450 activity. Here we used the complex production and most importantly the activity of the coagulation factor IX (FIX) produced by mature hepatocytes to assess the differentiation of hemophilia B (HB) patient's induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in both monolayer culture and organoids. APPROACH AND RESULTS Indeed, HB is an X-linked monogenic disease due to an impaired activity of FIX synthesized by hepatocytes in the liver. We have developed an in vitro model of HB hepatocytes using iPSCs generated from fibroblasts of a severe HB patient. We used CRISPR/Cas9 technology to target the genomic insertion of a coagulation factor 9 minigene bearing the Padua mutation to enhance FIX activity. Noncorrected and corrected iPSCs were differentiated into hepatocytes under both two-dimensional and three-dimensional differentiation protocols and deciphered the production of active FIX in vitro. Finally, we assessed the therapeutic efficacy of this approach in vivo using a mouse model of HB. CONCLUSIONS Functional FIX, whose post-translational modifications only occur in fully mature hepatocytes, was only produced in corrected iPSCs differentiated in organoids. Immunohistochemistry analyses of mouse livers indicated a good cell engraftment, and the FIX activity detected in the plasma of transplanted animals confirmed rescue of the bleeding phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eléanor Luce
- INSERM Université Paris-SaclayUnité Mixte de Recherche 1193VillejuifFrance.,Féderation Hospitalo-Universitaire Hépatinov, Hôpital Paul BrousseVillejuifFrance
| | - Clara Steichen
- INSERM Université Paris-SaclayUnité Mixte de Recherche 1193VillejuifFrance.,Féderation Hospitalo-Universitaire Hépatinov, Hôpital Paul BrousseVillejuifFrance
| | - Mickaël Allouche
- INSERM Université Paris-SaclayUnité Mixte de Recherche 1193VillejuifFrance.,Féderation Hospitalo-Universitaire Hépatinov, Hôpital Paul BrousseVillejuifFrance
| | - Antonietta Messina
- INSERM Université Paris-SaclayUnité Mixte de Recherche 1193VillejuifFrance.,Féderation Hospitalo-Universitaire Hépatinov, Hôpital Paul BrousseVillejuifFrance
| | | | - Thierry Lambert
- Centre de Référence pour le Traitement des HémophilesHôpital de BicêtreFrance
| | - Anne Weber
- INSERM Université Paris-SaclayUnité Mixte de Recherche 1193VillejuifFrance.,Féderation Hospitalo-Universitaire Hépatinov, Hôpital Paul BrousseVillejuifFrance
| | - Tuan Huy Nguyen
- INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche 1064CHU Hôtel DieuNantesFrance
| | - Olivier Christophe
- INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche 1176Hôpital de BicêtreKremlin-BicêtreFrance
| | - Anne Dubart-Kupperschmitt
- INSERM Université Paris-SaclayUnité Mixte de Recherche 1193VillejuifFrance.,Féderation Hospitalo-Universitaire Hépatinov, Hôpital Paul BrousseVillejuifFrance
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22
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Kobayashi T, Takeba Y, Ohta Y, Ootaki M, Kida K, Watanabe M, Iiri T, Matsumoto N. Prenatal glucocorticoid administration accelerates the maturation of fetal rat hepatocytes. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:5831-5842. [PMID: 35304682 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07358-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal glucocorticoid (GC) is clinically administered to pregnant women who are at risk of preterm birth for the maturation of cardiopulmonary function. Preterm and low-birth-weight infants often experience liver dysfunction after birth because their livers are immature. However, the effects of prenatal GC administration on the liver remain unclear. We aimed to investigate the effects of prenatal GC administration on the maturation of liver hepatocytes in preterm rats. METHODS AND RESULTS Dexamethasone (DEX) was administered to pregnant Wistar rats on gestational days 17 and 19 before cesarean section. Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to determine the mRNA levels of albumin, hepatocyte nuclear factor-4 alpha (HNF4α), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), thymus cell antigen 1 (Thy-1), cyclin B, and Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) in the liver samples. Immunohistochemical staining and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were performed to examine protein production. The hepatocytes enlarged because of growth and prenatal DEX administration. Albumin, HNF4α, and HGF levels increased secondary to growth and prenatal DEX administration. The levels of the cell cycle markers cyclin B and CDK1 gradually decreased during growth and with DEX administration. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that prenatal GC administration leads to hepatocyte maturation via expression of HNF4α and HGF in preterm fetuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Kobayashi
- Department of Pharmacology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan
| | - Yuko Takeba
- Department of Pharmacology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan.
| | - Yuki Ohta
- Department of Pharmacology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan
| | - Masanori Ootaki
- Department of Pharmacology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kida
- Department of Pharmacology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan
| | - Minoru Watanabe
- Institute for Animal Experimentation, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan
| | - Taroh Iiri
- Department of Pharmacology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan
| | - Naoki Matsumoto
- Department of Pharmacology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan
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23
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Identifying the key genes and functional enrichment pathways associated with feed efficiency in cattle. Gene 2022; 807:145934. [PMID: 34478820 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Residual feed intake (RFI) is a measurement of feed efficiency, and is inversely correlated with feed efficiency. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with RFI vary substantially among studies, posing great challenges in finding the RFI-related marker genes. This study attempted to resolve this issue by integrating and comparing the multiple transcriptome sequencing data associated with RFI in the cattle liver, using differential, functional enrichment, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, weighted co-expression network (WGCNA), and gene set enrichment analyses (GSEA) to identify the candidate genes and functional enrichment pathways that are closely associated with RFI. Four candidate genes namely SHC1, GPX4, ACADL, and IGF1 were identified and validated as the marker genes for RFI. Four functional enrichment pathways, namely the fatty acid metabolism, sugar metabolism, energy metabolism, and protein ubiquitination were also found to be closely related to RFI. This study identified several genes and signaling pathways with shared characteristics, which will provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms related to the regulation of feed efficiency, and provide basis for molecular markers related to feed efficiency in beef cattle.
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24
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Jiang S, Hu Q, Zhang J. Dexamethasone may affect the occurrence of parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis in preterm neonates. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:1023798. [PMID: 36568435 PMCID: PMC9772609 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.1023798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glucocorticoids are currently used for the co-therapeutic management of autoimmune hepatitis and some cholestatic diseases. Thus far, we do not know the efficacy of glucocorticoids in the treatment of parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis. We aimed to analyze whether the administration of late postnatal dexamethasone for treating bronchopulmonary dysplasia influence the occurrence of parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis in preterm neonates. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted for 78 preterm neonates without major anomalies (gestational age was <30 weeks, and birthweight was ≤1000 g) hospitalized in a neonatal unit. Total and direct serum bilirubin levels were measured about every two weeks for all neonates. Data including the administration of dexamethasone, intravenous nutrition, and enteral feeding were collected by at least three audits. RESULTS A total of 15 preterm neonates were diagnosed with parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis, and after stopping parenteral nutrition, the direct bilirubin value decreased to the normal level for no longer than 150 days. The prolonged duration of parenteral nutrition was a risk factor, and late postnatal dexamethasone treatment was a protective factor in reducing the incidence of parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis. CONCLUSION Dexamethasone treatment may reduce the occurrence of parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis in preterm neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saizhi Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qingqing Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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25
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Nielsen ST, Strandkjær N, Juul Rasmussen I, Hansen MK, Lytsen RM, Kamstrup PR, Rode L, Goetze JP, Iversen K, Bundgaard H, Frikke-Schmidt R. Coagulation parameters in the newborn and infant - the Copenhagen Baby Heart and COMPARE studies. Clin Chem Lab Med 2021; 60:261-270. [PMID: 34752018 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2021-0967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The coagulation system is not fully developed at birth and matures during the first months of infancy, complicating clinical decision making within hemostasis. This study evaluates coagulation parameters at birth and two months after birth, and tests whether cord blood can be used as a proxy for neonatal venous blood measurements. METHODS The Copenhagen Baby Heart Study (CBHS) and the COMPARE study comprise 13,237 cord blood samples and 444 parallel neonatal venous blood samples, with a two month follow-up in 362 children. RESULTS Because coagulation parameters differed according to gestational age (GA), all analyses were stratified by GA. For neonatal venous blood, reference intervals for activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and prothrombin time (PT) were 28-43 s and 33-61% for GA 37-39 and 24-38 s and 30-65% for GA 40-42. Reference intervals for international normalized ratio (INR) and thrombocyte count were 1.1-1.7 and 194-409 × 109/L for GA 37-39 and 1.2-1.8 and 188-433 × 109/L for GA 40-42. Correlation coefficients between umbilical cord and neonatal venous blood for APTT, PT, INR, and thrombocyte count were 0.68, 0.72, 0.69, and 0.77 respectively, and the distributions of the parameters did not differ between the two types of blood (all p-values>0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study describes new GA dependent reference intervals for common coagulation parameters in newborns and suggests that cord blood may serve as a proxy for neonatal venous blood for these traits. Such data will likely improve clinical decision making within hemostasis among newborn and infant children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Taageby Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Cardiology, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Nina Strandkjær
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Cardiology, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Ida Juul Rasmussen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Malene Kongsgaard Hansen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Cardiology, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Rikke Mohr Lytsen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Cardiology, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Pia R Kamstrup
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Line Rode
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens P Goetze
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kasper Iversen
- Department of Cardiology, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henning Bundgaard
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ruth Frikke-Schmidt
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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26
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Deng L, Ouyang W, Liu R, Deng M, Qiu J, Yaqub M, Raza M, Lin W, Guo L, Li H, Chen F, Ouyang Y, Huang Y, Huang Y, Long X, Huang X, Li S, Song Y. Clinical characterization of NTCP deficiency in paediatric patients : A case-control study based on SLC10A1 genotyping analysis. Liver Int 2021; 41:2720-2728. [PMID: 34369070 PMCID: PMC9291912 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Na+ -taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide deficiency (NTCPD) is a newly described disorder arising from biallelic mutations of the SLC10A1 gene. As a result of a lack of compelling evidence from case-control studies, its genotypic and phenotypic features remain open for in-depth investigation. This study aimed to explore the genotypic and clinical phenotypic characteristics of paediatric patients with NTCPD. The SLC10A1 genotypes of all NTCPD patients were confirmed by screening for the prevalent variant c.800C>T and Sanger sequencing when necessary. The clinical presentations and laboratory changes were collected, reviewed and analysed, and then qualitatively and quantitatively compared with the relevant controls. A total of 113 paediatric NTCPD patients were diagnosed while c.374dupG and c.682_683delCT were detected as two novel pathogenic mutations. Hypercholanemia was observed in 99.12% of the patients. Indirect hyperbilirubinemia in affected neonates exhibited higher positive rates in comparison to controls. Moreover, transient cholestatic jaundice, elevated liver enzymes and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (Vit D) deficiency during early infancy were more commonly observed in patients than in controls. All NTCPD patients exhibited favourable clinical outcomes as a result of symptomatic and supportive treatment. The findings enriched the SLC10A1 mutation spectrum and provided comprehensive insights into the phenotypic characteristics of NTCPD. NTCPD should be considered and SLC10A1 gene should be analysed in patients with above age-dependent clinical features. Furthermore, over investigation and intervention should be avoided in the management of NTCPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li‐Jing Deng
- Department of PaediatricsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Wen‐Xian Ouyang
- Department of HepatopathyHunan Children’s HospitalChangshaChina
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of PaediatricsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Mei Deng
- Department of PaediatricsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jian‐Wu Qiu
- Department of PaediatricsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Muhammad‐Rauf Yaqub
- Department of PaediatricsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Muhammad‐Atif Raza
- Department of PaediatricsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Wei‐Xia Lin
- Department of PaediatricsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Li Guo
- Department of PaediatricsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Hua Li
- Department of PaediatricsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Feng‐Ping Chen
- Department of Laboratory ScienceThe First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Ying Ouyang
- Department of PaediatricsSun Yat‐Sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yu‐Ge Huang
- Department of PaediatricsThe Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiangChina
| | - Yue‐Jun Huang
- Department of PaediatricsThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
| | - Xiao‐Ling Long
- Department of PaediatricsBo‐Ai Hospital of ZhongshanZhongshanChina
| | - Xiao‐Ling Huang
- Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Care HospitalDongguanChina
| | - Shuang‐Jie Li
- Department of HepatopathyHunan Children’s HospitalChangshaChina
| | - Yuan‐Zong Song
- Department of PaediatricsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
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27
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Orekhova K, Mazzariol S, Sussan B, Bucci M, Bonsembiante F, Verin R, Centelleghe C. Immunohistochemical Markers of Apoptotic and Hypoxic Damage Facilitate Evidence-Based Assessment in Pups with Neurological Disorders. Vet Sci 2021; 8:203. [PMID: 34679033 PMCID: PMC8537515 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8100203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Seizures in puppies often present a diagnostic challenge in terms of identifying and treating the underlying cause. Dog breeds with mutations of the MDR1-gene are known to show adverse reactions to certain drugs, yet metabolic imbalance exacerbated by physiologically immature organs and other contributing pathologies require consideration before arriving at a diagnosis. This study analysed the brains of two male, 5-week-old Australian Shepherd siblings that died after displaying severe neurological symptoms upon administration of MilproVet® to treat severe intestinal helminth infection. Despite the initial symptoms being similar, their case histories varied in terms of the symptom duration, access to supportive therapy and post-mortem interval. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry were used to obtain more information about the phase of the pathological processes in the brain, employing protein markers associated with acute hypoxic damage (β-amyloid precursor protein/APP) and apoptosis (diacylglycerolkinase-ζ/DGK-ζ, apoptotic protease activating factor 1/Apaf1, and B-cell lymphoma related protein 2/Bcl-2). The results seem to reflect the course of the animals' clinical deterioration, implicating that the hypoxic damage to the brains was incompatible with life, and suggesting the usefulness of the mentioned immunohistochemical markers in clarifying the cause of death in animals with acute neurological deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia Orekhova
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova AGRIPOLIS, viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (S.M.); (F.B.); (R.V.); (C.C.)
| | - Sandro Mazzariol
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova AGRIPOLIS, viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (S.M.); (F.B.); (R.V.); (C.C.)
| | - Beatrice Sussan
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova AGRIPOLIS, viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (B.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Massimo Bucci
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova AGRIPOLIS, viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (B.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Federico Bonsembiante
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova AGRIPOLIS, viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (S.M.); (F.B.); (R.V.); (C.C.)
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova AGRIPOLIS, viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (B.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Ranieri Verin
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova AGRIPOLIS, viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (S.M.); (F.B.); (R.V.); (C.C.)
| | - Cinzia Centelleghe
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova AGRIPOLIS, viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (S.M.); (F.B.); (R.V.); (C.C.)
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28
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Ultrasound Evaluation of Gastric Emptying Time in Healthy Term Neonates after Formula Feeding. Anesthesiology 2021; 134:845-851. [PMID: 33861856 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000003773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current American Society of Anesthesiologists fasting guideline for formula-fed infants in the periprocedural setting is 6 h. Prolonged fasting in very young infants is associated with an increased risk for hypoglycemia and dehydration as well as patient discomfort and patient/parental dissatisfaction. This study aimed to determine the time to gastric emptying in healthy neonates after formula feeding by serially evaluating the gastric antrum with ultrasound. The authors hypothesized that gastric emptying times in formula-fed neonates are significantly shorter than the current 6 h fasting recommendation. METHODS After institutional review board approval and written informed parental consent, ultrasound examination was performed in healthy full-term neonates before and after formula feeding at 15-min intervals until return to baseline. Ultrasound images of the gastric antrum were measured to obtain cross-sectional areas, which were then used to estimate gastric antral volumes. RESULTS Forty-six of 48 recruited neonates were included in the final analysis. Gastric emptying times ranged from 45 to 150 min and averaged 92.9 min (95% CI, 80.2 to 105.7 min; 99% CI, 76.0 to 109.8 min) in the overall study group. No significant differences were found in times to gastric emptying between male and female neonates (male: mean, 93.3 [95% CI, 82.4 to 104.2 min]; female: mean, 92.6 [95% CI, 82.0 to 103.2 min]; P = 0.930) or those delivered by vaginal versus cesarean routes (vaginal: mean, 93.9 [95% CI, 81.7 to 106.1 min]; cesarean: mean, 92.2 [95% CI, 82.5 to 101.9 min]; P = 0.819). CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that gastric emptying times are substantially less than the current fasting guideline of 6 h for formula-fed, healthy term neonates. EDITOR’S PERSPECTIVE
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29
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Zhang X, Hu Y, Ansari AR, Akhtar M, Chen Y, Cheng R, Cui L, Nafady AA, Elokil AA, Abdel-Kafy ESM, Liu H. Caecal microbiota could effectively increase chicken growth performance by regulating fat metabolism. Microb Biotechnol 2021; 15:844-861. [PMID: 34264533 PMCID: PMC8913871 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been established that gut microbiota influences chicken growth performance and fat metabolism. However, whether gut microbiota affects chicken growth performance by regulating fat metabolism remains unclear. Therefore, seven‐week‐old chickens with high or low body weight were used in the present study. There were significant differences in body weight, breast and leg muscle indices, and cross‐sectional area of muscle cells, suggesting different growth performance. The relative abundance of gut microbiota in the caecal contents at the genus level was compared by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results of LEfSe indicated that high body weight chickens contained Microbacterium and Sphingomonas more abundantly (P < 0.05). In contrast, low body weight chickens contained Slackia more abundantly (P < 0.05). The results of H & E, qPCR, IHC, WB and blood analysis suggested significantly different fat metabolism level in serum, liver, abdominal adipose, breast and leg muscles between high and low body weight chickens. Spearman correlation analysis revealed that fat metabolism positively correlated with the relative abundance of Microbacterium and Sphingomonas while negatively correlated with the abundance of Slackia. Furthermore, faecal microbiota transplantation was performed, which verified that transferring faecal microbiota from adult chickens with high body weight into one‐day‐old chickens improved growth performance and fat metabolism in liver by remodelling the gut microbiota. Overall, these results suggested that gut microbiota could affect chicken growth performance by regulating fat metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Zhang
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Yafang Hu
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Abdur Rahman Ansari
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.,Section of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (CVAS) Jhang, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (UVAS), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Akhtar
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Ranran Cheng
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Lei Cui
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Abdallah A Nafady
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Abdelmotaleb A Elokil
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.,Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor, 13736, Egypt
| | - El-Sayed M Abdel-Kafy
- Animal Production Research Institute (APRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Ministry of Agriculture, Giza, Egypt
| | - Huazhen Liu
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
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30
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Wreesmann WJW, Lorié ES, van Veenendaal NR, van Kempen AAMW, Ket JCF, Labrie NHM. The functions of adequate communication in the neonatal care unit: A systematic review and meta-synthesis of qualitative research. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2021; 104:1505-1517. [PMID: 33341329 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2020.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the main functions of parent-provider communication in the neonatal (intensive) care unit (NICU) and determine what adequate communication entails according to both parents and health professionals. METHODS A systematic review and meta-synthesis of qualitative research. PubMed, Ebsco/PsycINFO, Wiley/Cochrane Library, Ebsco/CINAHL, Clarivate Analytics/Web of Science Core Collection, and Elsevier/Scopus were searched in October-November 2019 for records on interpersonal communication between parents and providers in neonatal care. Title/abstract screening and full-text analysis were conducted by multiple, independent coders. Data from included articles were analyzed using deductive and inductive thematic analysis. RESULTS 43 records were included. Thematic analysis of data resulted in the development of the NICU Communication Framework, including four functions of communication (1. building/maintaining relationships, 2. exchanging information, 3. (sharing) decision-making, 4. enabling parent self-management) and five factors that contribute to adequate communication across these functions (topic, aims, location, route, design) and, thereby, to tailored parent-provider communication. CONCLUSION The NICU Communication Framework fits with the goals of Family Integrated Care to encourage parent participation in infants' care. This framework forms a first step towards the conceptualization of (adequate) communication in NICU settings. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Findings can be used to improve NICU communication in practice, in particular through the mnemonic TAILORED.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Esther S Lorié
- Athena Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nicole R van Veenendaal
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, OLVG, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Nanon H M Labrie
- Athena Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, OLVG, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Machado JS, Ferreira TS, Lima RCG, Vieira VC, Medeiros DSD. Premature birth: topics in physiology and pharmacological characteristics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 67:150-155. [PMID: 34161471 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.67.01.20200501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the main physiological and pharmacological changes related to prematurity, to promote the evidence-based clinical practice. METHODS This is a narrative review whose research was carried out in the ScienceDirect and Medline databases via PubMed, searching for articles in any language from January 2000 to February 2020. RESULTS Premature newborns are born before completing the maturation process that prepares them for extrauterine life, which occurs especially in the last weeks of pregnancy. Therefore, they have their own characteristics in development. Several physiological peculiarities stand out, such as disturbances in glucose regulation, adrenal function, thermoregulation, immunity, in addition to changes in liver, renal and respiratory functions. Pharmacological aspects were also highlighted, involving pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. CONCLUSIONS Despite the recent advances in prematurity, it is still an area with many uncertainties, since several changes occur quickly and there are ethical issues that make studies difficult. Thus, it is clear that the therapeutic management of premature infants is still very much based on clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joice Silva Machado
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia - Vitória da Conquista (BA), Brasil
| | - Trícia Silva Ferreira
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia - Vitória da Conquista (BA), Brasil
| | - Raquel Cristina Gomes Lima
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia - Vitória da Conquista (BA), Brasil.,Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia - Vitória da Conquista (BA), Brasil
| | - Verônica Cheles Vieira
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia - Vitória da Conquista (BA), Brasil.,Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia - Vitória da Conquista (BA), Brasil
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Thyroid Hormone Effect on the Differentiation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells into Hepatocyte-Like Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14060544. [PMID: 34200130 PMCID: PMC8230271 DOI: 10.3390/ph14060544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) hold great potential as an unlimited source for obtaining hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) for drug research. However, current applications of HLCs have been severely limited by the inability to produce mature hepatocytes from hiPSCs in vitro. Thyroid hormones are one of the hormones that surge during the perinatal period when liver maturation takes place. Here we assessed the influence of thyroid hormone on hepatic progenitor differentiation to HLCs. We analyzed gene and protein expression of early and late hepatic markers and demonstrated the selective activity of thyroid hormone on different genes. Particularly, we demonstrated thyroid hormone-dependent inhibition of the fetal hepatic marker AFP. Our study sheds light on the role of thyroid hormone during liver differentiation and maturation.
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Kandel SE, Lampe JN. Inhibition of CYP3A7 DHEA-S Oxidation by Lopinavir and Ritonavir: An Alternative Mechanism for Adrenal Impairment in HIV Antiretroviral-Treated Neonates. Chem Res Toxicol 2021; 34:1150-1160. [PMID: 33821626 PMCID: PMC8058764 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Prophylactic antiretroviral
therapy (ART) in HIV infected pregnant
mothers and their newborns can dramatically reduce mother-to-child
viral transmission and seroconversion in the neonate. The ritonavir-boosted
lopinavir regimen, known as Kaletra, has been associated with premature
birth and transient adrenal insufficiency in newborns, accompanied
by increases in plasma dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate (DHEA-S).
In the fetus and neonates, cytochrome P450 CYP3A7 is responsible for
the metabolism of DHEA-S into 16α-hydroxy DHEA-S, which plays
a critical role in growth and development. In order to determine if
CYP3A7 inhibition could lead to the adverse outcomes associated with
Kaletra therapy, we conducted in vitro metabolic
studies to determine the extent and mechanism of CYP3A7 inhibition
by both ritonavir and lopinavir and the relative intrinsic clearance
of lopinavir with and without ritonavir in both neonatal and adult
human liver microsomes (HLMs). We identified ritonavir as a potent
inhibitor of CYP3A7 oxidation of DHEA-S (IC50 = 0.0514
μM), while lopinavir is a much weaker inhibitor (IC50 = 5.88 μM). Furthermore, ritonavir is a time-dependent inhibitor
of CYP3A7 with a KI of 0.392 μM
and a kinact of 0.119 min–1, illustrating the potential for CYP3A mediated drug–drug
interactions with Kaletra. The clearance rate of lopinavir in neonatal
HLMs was much slower and comparable to the rate observed in adult
HLMs in the presence of ritonavir, suggesting that the addition of
ritonavir in the cocktail therapy may not be necessary to maintain
effective concentrations of lopinavir in neonates. Our results suggest
that several of the observed adverse outcomes of Kaletra therapy may
be due to the direct inhibition of CYP3A7 by ritonavir and that the
necessity for the inclusion of this drug in the therapy may be obviated
by the lower rate of lopinavir clearance in the neonatal liver. These
results may lead to a reconsideration of the use of ritonavir in neonatal
antiretroviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie E Kandel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Jed N Lampe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
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The bioavailability and maturing clearance of doxapram in preterm infants. Pediatr Res 2021; 89:1268-1277. [PMID: 32698193 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-1037-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Doxapram is used for the treatment of apnea of prematurity in dosing regimens only based on bodyweight, as pharmacokinetic data are limited. This study describes the pharmacokinetics of doxapram and keto-doxapram in preterm infants. METHODS Data (302 samples) from 75 neonates were included with a median (range) gestational age (GA) 25.9 (23.9-29.4) weeks, bodyweight 0.95 (0.48-1.61) kg, and postnatal age (PNA) 17 (1-52) days at the start of continuous treatment. A population pharmacokinetic model was developed using non-linear mixed-effects modelling (NONMEM®). RESULTS A two-compartment model best described the pharmacokinetics of doxapram and keto-doxapram. PNA and GA affected the formation clearance of keto-doxapram (CLFORMATION KETO-DOXAPRAM) and clearance of doxapram via other routes (CLDOXAPRAM OTHER ROUTES). For a median individual of 0.95 kg, GA 25.6 weeks, and PNA 29 days, CLFORMATION KETO-DOXAPRAM was 0.115 L/h (relative standard error (RSE) 12%) and CLDOXAPRAM OTHER ROUTES was 0.645 L/h (RSE 9%). Oral bioavailability was estimated at 74% (RSE 10%). CONCLUSIONS Dosing of doxapram only based on bodyweight results in the highest exposure in preterm infants with the lowest PNA and GA. Therefore, dosing may need to be adjusted for GA and PNA to minimize the risk of accumulation and adverse events. For switching to oral therapy, a 33% dose increase is required to maintain exposure. IMPACT Current dosing regimens of doxapram in preterm infants only based on bodyweight result in the highest exposure in infants with the lowest PNA and GA. Dosing of doxapram may need to be adjusted for GA and PNA to minimize the risk of accumulation and adverse events. Describing the pharmacokinetics of doxapram and its active metabolite keto-doxapram following intravenous and gastroenteral administration enables to include drug exposure to the evaluation of treatment of AOP. The oral bioavailability of doxapram in preterm neonates is 74%, requiring a 33% higher dose via oral than intravenous administration to maintain exposure.
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Stevanović-Silva J, Beleza J, Coxito P, Pereira S, Rocha H, Gaspar TB, Gärtner F, Correia R, Martins MJ, Guimarães T, Martins S, Oliveira PJ, Ascensão A, Magalhães J. Maternal high-fat high-sucrose diet and gestational exercise modulate hepatic fat accumulation and liver mitochondrial respiratory capacity in mothers and male offspring. Metabolism 2021; 116:154704. [PMID: 33421507 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal high-caloric nutrition and related gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are associated with a high-risk for developing metabolic complications later in life and in their offspring. In contrast, exercise is recognized as a non-pharmacological strategy against metabolic dysfunctions associated to lifestyle disorders. Therefore, we investigated whether gestational exercise delays the development of metabolic alterations in GDM mothers later in life, but also protects 6-week-old male offspring from adverse effects of maternal diet. METHODS Female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with either control (C) or high-fat high-sucrose (HFHS) diet to induce GDM and submitted to gestational exercise during the 3 weeks of pregnancy. Male offspring were sedentary and fed with C-diet. RESULTS Sedentary HFHS-fed dams exhibited increased gestational body weight gain (p < 0.01) and glucose intolerance (p < 0.01), characteristic of GDM. Their offspring had normal glucose metabolism, but increased early-age body weight, which was reverted by gestational exercise. Gestational exercise also reduced offspring hepatic triglycerides accumulation (p < 0.05) and improved liver mitochondrial respiration capacity (p < 0.05), contributing to the recovery of liver bioenergetics compromised by maternal HFHS diet. Interestingly, liver mitochondrial respiration remained increased by gestational exercise in HFHS-fed dams despite prolonged HFHS consumption and exercise cessation. CONCLUSIONS Gestational exercise can result in liver mitochondrial adaptations in GDM animals, which can be preserved even after the exercise program cessation. Exposure to maternal GDM programs liver metabolic setting of male offspring, whereas gestational exercise appears as an important preventive tool against maternal diet-induced metabolic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Stevanović-Silva
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Jorge Beleza
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology & Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro Coxito
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450, Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana Pereira
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450, Porto, Portugal; CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UC-Biotech, University of Coimbra, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Hugo Rocha
- Newborn Screening, Metabolism and Genetics Unit, Human Genetics Department, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, 4000-053 Porto, Portugal
| | - Tiago Bordeira Gaspar
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health Sciences (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Cancer Signalling and Metabolism Group, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Medical Faculty of University of Porto (FMUP), 4200-139 Porto, Portugal; Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Gärtner
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health Sciences (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Department of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal; Glycobiology in Cancer Group, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of University of Porto (Ipatimup), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rossana Correia
- HEMS - Histology and Electron Microscopy Institute for Research and Innovation in Health Sciences (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal,; Ipatimup - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria João Martins
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health Sciences (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Department of Biomedicine, Biochemistry Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Tiago Guimarães
- Department of Biomedicine, Biochemistry Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; Department of Clinical Pathology, São João Hospital Centre, EPE, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sandra Martins
- Department of Clinical Pathology, São João Hospital Centre, EPE, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; EPIUnit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-091 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo J Oliveira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UC-Biotech, University of Coimbra, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - António Ascensão
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Magalhães
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450, Porto, Portugal
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Mun SJ, Lee J, Chung KS, Son MY, Son MJ. Effect of Microbial Short-Chain Fatty Acids on CYP3A4-Mediated Metabolic Activation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Liver Organoids. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010126. [PMID: 33440728 PMCID: PMC7827634 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The early and accurate prediction of the hepatotoxicity of new drug targets during nonclinical drug development is important to avoid postmarketing drug withdrawals and late-stage failures. We previously established long-term expandable and functional human-induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived liver organoids as an alternative source for primary human hepatocytes. However, PSC-derived organoids are known to present immature fetal characteristics. Here, we treated these liver organoids with microbial short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) to improve metabolic maturation based on microenvironmental changes in the liver during postnatal development. The effects of the three main SCFA components (acetate, propionate, and butyrate) and their mixture on liver organoids were determined. Propionate (1 µM) significantly promoted the CYP3A4/CYP3A7 expression ratio, and acetate (1 µM), propionate (1 µM), and butyrate (1 µM) combination treatment, compared to no treatment (control), substantially increased CYP3A4 activity and albumin secretion, as well as gene expression. More importantly, mixed SCFA treatment accurately revealed troglitazone-induced hepatotoxicity, which was redeemed on a potent CYP3A4 inhibitor ketoconazole treatment. Overall, we determined, for the first time, that SCFA mixture treatment might contribute to the accurate evaluation of the CYP3A4-dependent drug toxicity by improving metabolic activation, including CYP3A4 expression, of liver organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Ju Mun
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (S.J.M.); (J.L.); (K.-S.C.)
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), 217 Gajungro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Jaeseo Lee
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (S.J.M.); (J.L.); (K.-S.C.)
| | - Kyung-Sook Chung
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (S.J.M.); (J.L.); (K.-S.C.)
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), 217 Gajungro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Biomedical Translational Research Center, KRIBB, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Mi-Young Son
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (S.J.M.); (J.L.); (K.-S.C.)
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), 217 Gajungro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.-Y.S.); (M.J.S.); Tel.: +82-42-860-4426 (M.-Y.S.); +82-42-860-4477 (M.J.S.)
| | - Myung Jin Son
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (S.J.M.); (J.L.); (K.-S.C.)
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), 217 Gajungro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.-Y.S.); (M.J.S.); Tel.: +82-42-860-4426 (M.-Y.S.); +82-42-860-4477 (M.J.S.)
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Zhang D, Liu K, Hu W, Lu X, Li L, Zhang Q, Huang H, Wang H. Prenatal dexamethasone exposure caused fetal rats liver dysplasia by inhibiting autophagy-mediated cell proliferation. Toxicology 2021; 449:152664. [PMID: 33359579 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
As a synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone has been widely used in the clinical treatment of premature birth and related pregnant diseases, but its clinical use is still controversial due to developmental toxicity. This study aimed to confirm the proliferation inhibitory effect of pregnant dexamethasone exposure (PDE) on fetal liver development and elucidate its molecular mechanism. In vitro studies, we found that dexamethasone inhibited hepatocyte proliferation through autophagy activated by glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-forkhead protein O1 (FOXO1) pathway. Subsequently, in vivo, we confirmed in a PDE rat model that male fetal liver proliferation was inhibited, and the expression of the GR-FOXO1 pathway and autophagy were increased. Taken together, PDE induces autophagy by activating the GR-FOXO1 pathway, which leads to fetal liver proliferation inhibition and dysplasia in offspring rats. This study confirmed that dexamethasone activates cell autophagy in utero through the GR-FOXO1 pathway, thereby inhibiting hepatocyte proliferation and liver development, which provides theoretical basis for understanding the developmental toxicity of dexamethasone and guiding the rational clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingmei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Kexin Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Wen Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xiaoqian Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Hegui Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China; Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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Ali A, Swanepoel CM, Winger QA, Rozance PJ, Anthony RV. Chorionic somatomammotropin RNA interference alters fetal liver glucose utilization. J Endocrinol 2020; 247:251-262. [PMID: 33108344 PMCID: PMC7643541 DOI: 10.1530/joe-20-0375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chorionic somatomammotropin (CSH) is a placenta-specific hormone associated with fetal growth, and fetal and maternal metabolism in both humans and sheep. We hypothesized that CSH deficiency could impact sheep fetal liver glucose utilization. To generate CSH-deficient pregnancies, day 9 hatched blastocysts were infected with lentiviral particles expressing CSH-specific shRNA (RNAi) or scramble control shRNA (SC) and transferred to synchronized recipients. CSH RNAi generated two distinct phenotypes at 135 days of gestational age (dGA); pregnancies with IUGR (RNAi-IUGR) or with normal fetal weight (RNAi-NW). Fetal body, fetal liver and placental weights were reduced (P < 0.05) only in RNAi-IUGR pregnancies compared to SC. Umbilical artery plasma insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) concentrations were decreased, whereas insulin receptor beta (INSR) concentration in fetal liver was increased (P < 0.05) in both RNAi phenotypes. The mRNA concentrations of IGF1, IGF2, IGF binding protein 2 (IGFBP2) and IGFBP3 were decreased (P < 0.05) in fetal livers from both RNAi phenotypes. Fetal liver glycogen concentration and glycogen synthase 1 (GYS1) concentration were increased (P < 0.05), whereas fetal liver phosphorylated-GYS (inactive GYS) concentration was reduced (P < 0.05) in both RNAi phenotypes. Lactate dehydrogenase B (LDHB) concentration was increased (P < 0.05) and IGF2 concentration was decreased (P < 0.05) in RNAi-IUGR fetal livers only. Our findings suggest that fetal liver glucose utilization is impacted by CSH RNAi, independent of IUGR, and is likely tied to enhanced fetal liver insulin sensitivity in both RNAi phenotypes. Determining the physiological ramifications of both phenotypes, may help to differentiate direct effect of CSH deficiency or its indirect effect through IUGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asghar Ali
- Colorado State University, Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Lab, Fort Collins, CO, US
| | - Callie M. Swanepoel
- Colorado State University, Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Lab, Fort Collins, CO, US
| | - Quinton A. Winger
- Colorado State University, Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Lab, Fort Collins, CO, US
| | - Paul J. Rozance
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Perinatal Research Center, Aurora, CO, US
| | - Russell V. Anthony
- Colorado State University, Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Lab, Fort Collins, CO, US
- Corresponding Author: 1683 Campus Delivery, 3107 Rampart Road, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1683. Telephone: 970-491-2586; FAX: 970-491-3557;
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De Rose DU, Cairoli S, Dionisi M, Santisi A, Massenzi L, Goffredo BM, Dionisi-Vici C, Dotta A, Auriti C. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Is a Feasible Tool to Personalize Drug Administration in Neonates Using New Techniques: An Overview on the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics in Neonatal Age. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5898. [PMID: 32824472 PMCID: PMC7460644 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) should be adopted in all neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), where the most preterm and fragile babies are hospitalized and treated with many drugs, considering that organs and metabolic pathways undergo deep and progressive maturation processes after birth. Different developmental changes are involved in interindividual variability in response to drugs. A crucial point of TDM is the choice of the bioanalytical method and of the sample to use. TDM in neonates is primarily used for antibiotics, antifungals, and antiepileptic drugs in clinical practice. TDM appears to be particularly promising in specific populations: neonates who undergo therapeutic hypothermia or extracorporeal life support, preterm infants, infants who need a tailored dose of anticancer drugs. This review provides an overview of the latest advances in this field, showing options for a personalized therapy in newborns and infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Umberto De Rose
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Neonatology, “Bambino Gesù” Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (D.U.D.R.); (A.S.); (A.D.)
| | - Sara Cairoli
- Laboratory of Metabolic Biochemistry Unit, Department of Specialist Pediatrics, “Bambino Gesù” Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (M.D.); (B.M.G.); (C.D.-V.)
| | - Marco Dionisi
- Laboratory of Metabolic Biochemistry Unit, Department of Specialist Pediatrics, “Bambino Gesù” Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (M.D.); (B.M.G.); (C.D.-V.)
| | - Alessandra Santisi
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Neonatology, “Bambino Gesù” Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (D.U.D.R.); (A.S.); (A.D.)
| | - Luca Massenzi
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Neonatal Pathology, Fatebenefratelli Hospital, 00186 Rome, Italy;
| | - Bianca Maria Goffredo
- Laboratory of Metabolic Biochemistry Unit, Department of Specialist Pediatrics, “Bambino Gesù” Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (M.D.); (B.M.G.); (C.D.-V.)
| | - Carlo Dionisi-Vici
- Laboratory of Metabolic Biochemistry Unit, Department of Specialist Pediatrics, “Bambino Gesù” Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (M.D.); (B.M.G.); (C.D.-V.)
| | - Andrea Dotta
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Neonatology, “Bambino Gesù” Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (D.U.D.R.); (A.S.); (A.D.)
| | - Cinzia Auriti
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Neonatology, “Bambino Gesù” Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (D.U.D.R.); (A.S.); (A.D.)
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van Best N, Rolle-Kampczyk U, Schaap FG, Basic M, Olde Damink SWM, Bleich A, Savelkoul PHM, von Bergen M, Penders J, Hornef MW. Bile acids drive the newborn's gut microbiota maturation. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3692. [PMID: 32703946 PMCID: PMC7378201 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17183-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Following birth, the neonatal intestine is exposed to maternal and environmental bacteria that successively form a dense and highly dynamic intestinal microbiota. Whereas the effect of exogenous factors has been extensively investigated, endogenous, host-mediated mechanisms have remained largely unexplored. Concomitantly with microbial colonization, the liver undergoes functional transition from a hematopoietic organ to a central organ of metabolic regulation and immune surveillance. The aim of the present study was to analyze the influence of the developing hepatic function and liver metabolism on the early intestinal microbiota. Here, we report on the characterization of the colonization dynamics and liver metabolism in the murine gastrointestinal tract (n = 6-10 per age group) using metabolomic and microbial profiling in combination with multivariate analysis. We observed major age-dependent microbial and metabolic changes and identified bile acids as potent drivers of the early intestinal microbiota maturation. Consistently, oral administration of tauro-cholic acid or β-tauro-murocholic acid to newborn mice (n = 7-14 per group) accelerated postnatal microbiota maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N van Best
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, RWTH University, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - U Rolle-Kampczyk
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - F G Schaap
- Department of General Surgery, NUTRIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - M Basic
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - S W M Olde Damink
- Department of General Surgery, NUTRIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - A Bleich
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - P H M Savelkoul
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - M von Bergen
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - J Penders
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- School of Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - M W Hornef
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, RWTH University, Aachen, Germany.
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Yang L, Lewis K. Erythroid Lineage Cells in the Liver: Novel Immune Regulators and Beyond. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2020; 8:177-183. [PMID: 32832398 PMCID: PMC7438359 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2019.00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The lineage of the erythroid cell has been revisited in recent years. Instead of being classified as simply inert oxygen carriers, emerging evidence has shown that they are a tightly regulated in immune potent population with potential developmental plasticity for lineage crossing. Erythroid cells have been reported to exert immune regulatory function through secreted cytokines, or cell-cell contact, depending on the conditions of the microenvironment and disease models. In this review, we explain the natural history of erythroid cells in the liver through a developmental lens, as it offers perspectives into newly recognized roles of this lineage in liver biology. Here, we review the known immune roles of erythroid cells and discuss the mechanisms in the context of disease models and stages. Then, we explore the capability of erythroid lineage as a cell source for regenerative medicine. We propose that the versatile lineage of erythroid cells provides an underappreciated and potentially promising area for basic and translational research in the field of liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Correspondence to: Li Yang, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue; Cincinnati, OH 45229-3030, USA. Tel: +1-513-636-3008, E-mail:
| | - Kyle Lewis
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition Developmental Biology Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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AFB1 Induced Transcriptional Regulation Related to Apoptosis and Lipid Metabolism in Liver of Chicken. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12050290. [PMID: 32375309 PMCID: PMC7290437 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12050290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) leads to a major risk to poultry and its residues in meat products can also pose serious threat to human health. In this study, after feeding 165-day-old Roman laying hens for 35 days, the toxic effects of aflatoxin B1 at different concentrations were evaluated. The purpose of this study was to explore the mechanism of liver toxicosis responses to AFB1. We found that highly toxic group exposure resulted in liver fat deposition, increased interstitial space, and hepatocyte apoptosis in laying hens. Furthermore, a total of 164 differentially expressed lnRNAs and 186 differentially expressed genes were found to be highly correlated (Pearson Correlation Coefficient > 0.80, p-value < 0.05) by sequencing the transcriptome of control (CB) and highly toxic group (TB3) chickens. We also identify 29 differentially expressed genes and 19 miRNAs that have targeted regulatory relationships. Based on the liver cell apoptosis and fatty liver syndrome that this research focused on, we found that the highly toxic AFB1 led to dysregulation of the expression of PPARG and BCL6. They are cis-regulated by TU10057 and TU45776, respectively. PPARG was the target gene of gga-miR-301a-3p, gga-miR-301b-3p, and BCL6 was the target gene of gga-miR-190a-3p. In summary, highly toxic AFB1 affects the expression levels of protein-coding genes and miRNAs in the liver of Roman layer hens, as well as the expression level of long non-coding RNA in the liver, which upregulates the expression of PPARG and downregulates the expression of Bcl-6. Our study provides information on possible genetic regulatory networks in AFB1-induced hepatic fat deposition and hepatocyte apoptosis.
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Patino M, Chandrakantan A. Midgestational Fetal Procedures. CASE STUDIES IN PEDIATRIC ANESTHESIA 2019:197-201. [DOI: 10.1017/9781108668736.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Marousez L, Lesage J, Eberlé D. Epigenetics: Linking Early Postnatal Nutrition to Obesity Programming? Nutrients 2019; 11:E2966. [PMID: 31817318 PMCID: PMC6950532 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite constant research and public policy efforts, the obesity epidemic continues to be a major public health threat, and new approaches are urgently needed. It has been shown that nutrient imbalance in early life, from conception to infancy, influences later obesity risk, suggesting that obesity could result from "developmental programming". In this review, we evaluate the possibility that early postnatal nutrition programs obesity risk via epigenetic mechanisms, especially DNA methylation, focusing on four main topics: (1) the dynamics of epigenetic processes in key metabolic organs during the early postnatal period; (2) the epigenetic effects of alterations in early postnatal nutrition in animal models or breastfeeding in humans; (3) current limitations and remaining outstanding questions in the field of epigenetic programming; (4) candidate pathways by which early postnatal nutrition could epigenetically program adult body weight set point. A particular focus will be given to the potential roles of breast milk fatty acids, neonatal metabolic and hormonal milieu, and gut microbiota. Understanding the mechanisms by which early postnatal nutrition can promote lifelong metabolic modifications is essential to design adequate recommendations and interventions to "de-program" the obesity epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Delphine Eberlé
- University Lille, EA4489 Environnement Périnatal et Santé, Équipe Malnutrition Maternelle et Programmation des Maladies Métaboliques, F-59000 Lille, France
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Xu E, Zhang L, Yang H, Shen L, Feng Y, Ren M, Xiao Y. Transcriptome profiling of the liver among the prenatal and postnatal stages in chickens. Poult Sci 2019; 98:7030-7040. [PMID: 31376353 PMCID: PMC8913967 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is an important organ that has pivotal functions in the synthesis of several vital proteins, the metabolism of various biologically useful materials, the detoxification of toxic substances, and immune defense. Most liver functions are not mature at a young age and many changes happen during postnatal liver development, which lead to differential functions of the liver at different developmental stages. However, the transcriptome details of what changes occur in the liver after birth and the molecular mechanisms for the regulation of the developmental process are not clearly known in chickens. Here, we used RNA-sequencing to analyze the transcriptome of chicken liver from the prenatal (at an embryonic day of 13) to the postnatal stages (at 5 wk and 42 wk of age). A total of approximately 161.17 Gb of raw data were obtained, with 4,127 putative and 539 differentially expressed lncRNAs, and with 13,949 putative and 6,370 differentially expressed mRNAs. Coexpression of lncRNAs-mRNAs in hepatic transcriptome analysis showed that the liver plays important roles in providing energy for organisms through the mitochondrial respiratory chain in chickens, meanwhile, acting as a crucial part of antioxidant stress. The developmental transcriptome date revealed that antioxidant defenses are likely to act on chicken embryo development and that significant functional changes during postnatal liver development are associated with the liver maturation of chickens. These results provide a timeline for the functional transcriptome transition from the prenatal to adult stages in chickens and will be helpful to reveal the underlying molecular mechanisms of liver development.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Xu
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Institute of Ecology, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Lulu Shen
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yanzhong Feng
- Institute of animal husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Haerbing 161601, China
| | - Minmin Ren
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yingping Xiao
- Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
- Corresponding author
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Wilk A, Szypulska-Koziarska D, Kędzierska-Kapuza K, Sieńko J, Kolasa-Wołosiuk A, Ciechanowski K, Wiszniewska B. The Comparison of Parameters of Oxidative Stress in Native Rat Livers Between Different Immunosuppressive Regimens. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:8242-8247. [PMID: 31677379 PMCID: PMC6854887 DOI: 10.12659/msm.915230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is thought that immunosuppressive treatment, besides anti-rejection properties, leads to pathological changes within the organ due to activation of mechanisms associated with oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to examine the parameters of oxidative stress in the livers of rats treated with the most commonly used transplant recipient drug regimens. Material/Methods The rat livers were obtained from archival material obtained from the previously performed experiment. Malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) concentrations, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities were analyzed. Results Only the group treated with tacrolimus (T), mycophenolate mofetil (M), and prednisone (P), the TMP group, showed a slight increase in lipid peroxide concentration compared to the control group, though the difference was not statistically significant. Comparison of lipid peroxide concentration between the other treatment combinations and the control group showed a significant decrease. Additionally, a difference in lipid peroxide concentrations in the livers was observed between the cyclosporine A (C) group and tacrolimus (T) group. Alterations of other oxidative stress parameters were also observed in different regimens. Conclusions Long-lasting immunosuppressive treatment does indeed affect redox status; however, the antioxidant defenses of the liver against the effects of excess hydrogen peroxide are efficient, so the superoxide dismutase/glutathione peroxidase (SOD/GPx) and superoxide dismutase/catalase (SOD/CAT) ratios were not significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Wilk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Karolina Kędzierska-Kapuza
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology, and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jerzy Sieńko
- Department of General Surgery and Transplantology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Kazimierz Ciechanowski
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology, and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Barbara Wiszniewska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
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Völler S, Flint RB, Andriessen P, Allegaert K, Zimmermann LJI, Liem KD, Koch BCP, Simons SHP, Knibbe CAJ. Rapidly maturing fentanyl clearance in preterm neonates. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2019; 104:F598-F603. [PMID: 31498775 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2018-315920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fentanyl is frequently used off-label in preterm newborns. Due to very limited pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data, fentanyl dosing is mostly based on bodyweight. This study describes the maturation of the pharmacokinetics in preterm neonates born before 32 weeks of gestation. METHODS 442 plasma samples from 98 preterm neonates (median gestational age: 26.9 (range 23.9-31.9) weeks, postnatal age: 3 (range 0-68) days, bodyweight 1.00 (range 0.39-2.37) kg) were collected in an opportunistic trial and fentanyl plasma levels were determined. NONMEM V.7.3 was used to develop a population pharmacokinetic model and to perform simulations. RESULTS Fentanyl pharmacokinetics was best described by a two-compartment model. A pronounced non-linear influence of postnatal and gestational age on clearance was identified. Clearance (L/hour/kg) increased threefold, 1.3-fold and 1.01-fold in the first, second and third weeks of life, respectively. In addition, clearance (L/hour/kg) was 1.4-fold and 1.7-fold higher in case of a gestational age of 28 and 31 weeks, respectively, compared with 25 weeks. Volume of distribution changed linearly with bodyweight and was 8.7 L/kg. To achieve similar exposure across the entire population, a continuous infusion (µg/kg/hour) dose should be reduced by 50% and 25% in preterm neonates with a postnatal age of 0-4 days and 5-9 days in comparison to 10 days and older. CONCLUSION Because of low clearance, bodyweight-based dosages may result in fentanyl accumulation in neonates with the lowest postnatal and gestational ages which may require dose reduction. Together with additional information on the pharmacodynamics, the results of this study can be used to guide dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swantje Völler
- Division of Pharmacology, Division Systems Pharmacology and Biomedicine, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Robert B Flint
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pharmacy, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Pharmacy, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Andriessen
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Máxima Medical Center, Veldhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Karel Allegaert
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Luc J I Zimmermann
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Kian D Liem
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Birgit C P Koch
- Department of Pharmacy, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sinno H P Simons
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Catherijne A J Knibbe
- Division of Pharmacology, Division Systems Pharmacology and Biomedicine, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
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48
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Bednarz A, Lipiński P, Starzyński RR, Tomczyk M, Nowak W, Mucha O, Ogórek M, Pierzchała O, Jończy A, Staroń R, Śmierzchalska J, Rajfur Z, Baster Z, Józkowicz A, Lenartowicz M. Role of the kidneys in the redistribution of heme-derived iron during neonatal hemolysis in mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11102. [PMID: 31366967 PMCID: PMC6668426 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47414-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Moderate intravascular hemolysis is a common condition in newborns. It is followed by the accumulation of bilirubin, which is a secondary product of the activity of heme oxygenase-1, an enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of heme released from disrupted erythrocytes and taken up by hepatic macrophages. Although these cells are a major site of enzymatic heme breakdown in adults, we show here that epithelial cells of proximal tubules in the kidneys perform the functions of both heme uptake and catabolism in mouse neonates. A time-course study examining mouse pups during the neonatal period showed a gradual recovery from hemolysis, and concomitant decreases in the expression of heme-related genes and non-heme iron transporters in the proximal tubules. By adjusting the expression of iron-handling proteins in response to the disappearance of hemolysis in mouse neonates, the kidneys may play a role in the detoxification of iron and contribute to its recirculation from the primary urine to the blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Bednarz
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł Lipiński
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552, Magdalenka, Jastrzębiec, Poland
| | - Rafał R Starzyński
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552, Magdalenka, Jastrzębiec, Poland
| | - Mateusz Tomczyk
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Witold Nowak
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Olga Mucha
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Mateusz Ogórek
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Olga Pierzchała
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Aneta Jończy
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552, Magdalenka, Jastrzębiec, Poland
| | - Robert Staroń
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552, Magdalenka, Jastrzębiec, Poland
| | - Julia Śmierzchalska
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Zenon Rajfur
- Department of Molecular and Interfacial Biophysics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Kraków, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Baster
- Department of Molecular and Interfacial Biophysics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Kraków, Poland
| | - Alicja Józkowicz
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Lenartowicz
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
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A wave of Foxp3 + regulatory T cell accumulation in the neonatal liver plays unique roles in maintaining self-tolerance. Cell Mol Immunol 2019; 17:507-518. [PMID: 31171863 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-019-0246-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Newborn animals require tightly regulated local and systemic immune environments to govern the development and maturation of multiple organs/tissues even though the immune system itself is far from mature during the neonatal period. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are essential for maintaining immune tolerance/homeostasis and modulating inflammatory responses. The features of Tregs in the neonatal liver under steady-state conditions are not well understood. The present study aimed to investigate the phenotype, functions, and significance of neonatal Tregs in the liver. We found a wave of thymus-derived Treg influx into the liver during 1-2 weeks of age. Depletion of these Tregs between days 7 and 11 after birth rapidly resulted in Th1-type liver inflammation and metabolic disorder. More Tregs in the neonatal liver than in the spleen underwent MHC II-dependent activation and proliferation, and the liver Tregs acquired stronger suppressive functions. The transcriptomic profile of these neonatal liver Tregs showed elevated expression of PPARγ and T-bet and features of Tregs that utilize lipid metabolic machinery and are capable of regulating Th1 responses. The accumulation of Tregs with unique features in the neonatal liver is critical to ensure self-tolerance and liver maturation.
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50
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Mahdavinia M, Alizadeh S, Raesi Vanani A, Dehghani MA, Shirani M, Alipour M, Shahmohammadi HA, Rafiei Asl S. Effects of quercetin on bisphenol A-induced mitochondrial toxicity in rat liver. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019; 22:499-505. [PMID: 31217929 PMCID: PMC6556511 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2019.32486.7952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recognized as a distinguished environmental and global toxicant, Bisphenol A (BPA) affects the liver, which is a vital body organ, by the induction of oxidative stress. The present study was designed to investigate the protective effect of quercetin against BPA in hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats and also, the activity of mitochondrial enzymes were evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS To this end, 32 male Wistar rats were divided into four groups (six rats per group), including control, BPA (250 mg/kg), BPA + quercetin (75 mg/kg), and quercetin (75 mg/kg). RESULTS The BPA-induced alterations were restored in concentrations of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) due to the quercetin treatment (75 mg/kg) (all P<0.001). While the levels of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and malondialdehyde (MDA) decreased by the quercetin treatment in the liver mitochondria (P<0.001), catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) increased (P<0.001). CONCLUSION According to the results, the potential hepatotoxicity of BPA can be prevented by quercetin, which protects the body against oxidative stress and BPA-induced biochemical toxicity. Moreover, the reproductive toxicity of BPA after environmental or occupational exposures can be potentially prohibited by quercetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Mahdavinia
- Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Said Alizadeh
- Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Atefeh Raesi Vanani
- Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Dehghani
- Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Maryam Shirani
- Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Meysam Alipour
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hedayat Allah Shahmohammadi
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Sirous Rafiei Asl
- Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Shahid Chamran, Ahvaz, Iran
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