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Aupperle-Lellbach H, Kehl A, de Brot S, van der Weyden L. Clinical Use of Molecular Biomarkers in Canine and Feline Oncology: Current and Future. Vet Sci 2024; 11:199. [PMID: 38787171 PMCID: PMC11126050 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11050199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Molecular biomarkers are central to personalised medicine for human cancer patients. It is gaining traction as part of standard veterinary clinical practice for dogs and cats with cancer. Molecular biomarkers can be somatic or germline genomic alterations and can be ascertained from tissues or body fluids using various techniques. This review discusses how these genomic alterations can be determined and the findings used in clinical settings as diagnostic, prognostic, predictive, and screening biomarkers. We showcase the somatic and germline genomic alterations currently available to date for testing dogs and cats in a clinical setting, discussing their utility in each biomarker class. We also look at some emerging molecular biomarkers that are promising for clinical use. Finally, we discuss the hurdles that need to be overcome in going 'bench to bedside', i.e., the translation from discovery of genomic alterations to adoption by veterinary clinicians. As we understand more of the genomics underlying canine and feline tumours, molecular biomarkers will undoubtedly become a mainstay in delivering precision veterinary care to dogs and cats with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Aupperle-Lellbach
- Laboklin GmbH&Co.KG, Steubenstr. 4, 97688 Bad Kissingen, Germany; (H.A.-L.); (A.K.)
- School of Medicine, Institute of Pathology, Technical University of Munich, Trogerstr. 18, 80333 München, Germany
| | - Alexandra Kehl
- Laboklin GmbH&Co.KG, Steubenstr. 4, 97688 Bad Kissingen, Germany; (H.A.-L.); (A.K.)
- School of Medicine, Institute of Pathology, Technical University of Munich, Trogerstr. 18, 80333 München, Germany
| | - Simone de Brot
- Institute of Animal Pathology, COMPATH, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland;
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2
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Chon E, Hendricks W, White M, Rodrigues L, Haworth D, Post G. Precision Medicine in Veterinary Science. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2024; 54:501-521. [PMID: 38212188 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Precision medicine focuses on the clinical management of the individual patient, not on population-based findings. Successes from human precision medicine inform veterinary oncology. Early evidence of success for canines shows how precision medicine can be integrated into practice. Decreasing genomic profiling costs will allow increased utilization and subsequent improvement of knowledge base from which to make better informed decisions. Utility of precision medicine in canine oncology will only increase for improved cancer characterization, enhanced therapy selection, and overall more successful management of canine cancer. As such, practitioners are called to interpret and leverage precision medicine reports for their patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Chon
- Vidium Animal Health, 7201 East Henkel Way, Suite 210, Scottsdale, AZ 85255, USA
| | - William Hendricks
- Vidium Animal Health, 7201 East Henkel Way, Suite 210, Scottsdale, AZ 85255, USA
| | - Michelle White
- OneHealthCompany, Inc, 530 Lytton Avenue, 2nd Floor, Palo Alto, CA 94301, USA
| | - Lucas Rodrigues
- OneHealthCompany, Inc, 530 Lytton Avenue, 2nd Floor, Palo Alto, CA 94301, USA
| | - David Haworth
- Vidium Animal Health, 7201 East Henkel Way, Suite 210, Scottsdale, AZ 85255, USA
| | - Gerald Post
- OneHealthCompany, Inc, 530 Lytton Avenue, 2nd Floor, Palo Alto, CA 94301, USA.
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3
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Nosalova N, Huniadi M, Horňáková Ľ, Valenčáková A, Horňák S, Nagoos K, Vozar J, Cizkova D. Canine Mammary Tumors: Classification, Biomarkers, Traditional and Personalized Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2891. [PMID: 38474142 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, many studies have focused their attention on the dog as a proper animal model for human cancer. In dogs, mammary tumors develop spontaneously, involving a complex interplay between tumor cells and the immune system and revealing several molecular and clinical similarities to human breast cancer. In this review, we summarized the major features of canine mammary tumor, risk factors, and the most important biomarkers used for diagnosis and treatment. Traditional therapy of mammary tumors in dogs includes surgery, which is the first choice, followed by chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or hormonal therapy. However, these therapeutic strategies may not always be sufficient on their own; advancements in understanding cancer mechanisms and the development of innovative treatments offer hope for improved outcomes for oncologic patients. There is still a growing interest in the use of personalized medicine, which should play an irreplaceable role in the research not only in human cancer therapy, but also in veterinary oncology. Moreover, immunotherapy may represent a novel and promising therapeutic option in canine mammary cancers. The study of novel therapeutic approaches is essential for future research in both human and veterinary oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Nosalova
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Mykhailo Huniadi
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Ľubica Horňáková
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Alexandra Valenčáková
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Slavomir Horňák
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Kamil Nagoos
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Juraj Vozar
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Dasa Cizkova
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia
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Lee DE, Nam CH, Yoon HY, Bae K, Yoon KA, Kim JH. Case report: Adjuvant therapy with toceranib for an incompletely resected renal cell carcinoma with suspected pulmonary metastasis in a dog. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1287185. [PMID: 38026615 PMCID: PMC10680256 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1287185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary renal neoplasia is rare in humans and dogs, with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) being the most common form of this cancer. As RCC is often diagnosed at an advanced stage, pulmonary metastasis is frequently observed. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are the standard adjuvant treatments for metastatic RCC in humans. Similarly, in veterinary medicine, recent trials have employed TKIs for early-stage RCC patients who underwent complete surgical resection and showed no distant metastasis. However, the use of TKIs has not yet been reported commonly in cases of advanced RCC with metastasis. This case study presents the first clinical outcomes of TKI therapy in a dog with incompletely resected RCC and metastasis. A 5-year-old spayed female Chihuahua was referred to our hospital with a right renal mass and multiple pulmonary nodules suspected to be metastases. A portion of the renal mass was surgically removed, and histopathological examination revealed RCC with a high mitotic index. Adjuvant chemotherapy was administered, owing to incomplete resection with suspected pulmonary metastasis. An anticancer drug response prediction test was conducted using patient tissues. Since toceranib showed the most favorable responsiveness, it was selected as a therapeutic agent. Toceranib was orally administered at a dosage of 2.27 mg/kg every 48 h. Regular medical records for potential adverse effects were obtained, including systemic blood pressure, complete blood count, serum biochemical examination, and urinalysis. After 2 weeks of toceranib therapy, partial remission of pulmonary nodules continued for 2 months. The patient did not experience any adverse effects of the anticancer drug during the 4-month follow-up period. However, the patient died from an unidentified cause 6 months after the initial detection of the renal mass. This report describes the use of toceranib in dogs with RCC. In the present case, the patient showed an initial response to chemotherapy, and despite the presence of several poor prognostic factors, the dog survived beyond the expected 3-month lifespan to 6 months. Notably, no adverse events were observed during treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Eun Lee
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hoon Nam
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun-Young Yoon
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kieun Bae
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyong-Ah Yoon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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5
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Abdi K, Ezoddin M, Adlnasab L, Kabiri BA, Karimi MA, Behnamipour S, Alimoradi H. Effervescent tablet-assisted deep eutectic solvent based on magnetic nanofluid for liquid phase microextraction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in plasma samples by high-performance liquid chromatography. Pharmacol Rep 2023; 75:1265-1275. [PMID: 37717246 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-023-00524-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are efficient anti-cancer drugs. The analysis of TKIs in the treatment of cancer is important to achieve the highest anti-cancer effects with minimal toxicities. Herein, we report an efficient effervescent tablet-assisted deep eutectic solvent based on nanofluid (ETA-DES-NF) combined with HPLC-UV for the determination of three anti-cancer drugs (erlotinib, imatinib, and nilotinib) in human plasma samples. METHODS In this method, a magnetic nanofluid composed of deep eutectic solvent (DES) and Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles was used as an extraction solvent. The deep eutectic solvent acted as a carrier and stabilizer for Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles. A tablet was used in the nanofluid for dispersion. The effervescent tablet was implemented to generate in situ CO2 and provide the effective dispersion of the sorbent into the sample solution for diminishing the extraction time and improving the extraction efficiency. Moreover, the magnetic nanofluid enhanced phase separation efficiency without centrifugation to collect the organic solvent. RESULTS The synthesized nanofluid was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). The impact of main parameters, including the type and volume of DES, the composition of the tablet, the composition of the nanofluid and the composition of eluent, were optimized. According to the optimized conditions, the limits of detection (LODs) and the limits of quantitation (LOQs) were from 0.5-0.8 to 1.5-2.4 μg L-1 for imatinib, erlotinib, and nilotinib, respectively. The intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations (RSD% n = 5) were determined to be 3.1-5% and 6.4-7.5%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The developed method displayed high sensitivity, low consumption of solvent, low cost, simplicity, high recoveries, short extraction time, and good repeatability for determination of three anti-cancer drugs in human plasma samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khosrou Abdi
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Ezoddin
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University(PNU), P.O. BOX, Tehran, 19395-4697, Iran.
| | - Laleh Adlnasab
- Chemistry Research Group, Chemistry, and Petrochemistry Research Center, Standard Research Institute, P.O. Box, Karaj, 31745-139, Iran
| | - Bahar Aziz Kabiri
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University(PNU), P.O. BOX, Tehran, 19395-4697, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Karimi
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University(PNU), P.O. BOX, Tehran, 19395-4697, Iran
| | - Somaye Behnamipour
- Research Center of Environmental Pollutants, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Houman Alimoradi
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
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6
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Žagar Ž, Schmidt JM. A Scoping Review on Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Cats: Current Evidence and Future Directions. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3059. [PMID: 37835664 PMCID: PMC10572079 DOI: 10.3390/ani13193059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have become invaluable in the treatment of human and canine malignancies, but their role in feline oncology is less defined. While toceranib phosphate and masitinib mesylate are licensed for use in dogs, no TKI is yet approved for cats. This review systematically maps the research conducted on the expression of tyrosine kinases in neoplastic and non-neoplastic domestic feline tissues, as well as the in vitro/in vivo use of TKIs in domestic cats. We identify and discuss knowledge gaps and speculate on the further research and potential indications for TKI use in cats. A comprehensive search of three electronic databases and relevant paper reference lists identified 139 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. The most commonly identified tumors were mast cell tumors (MCTs), mammary and squamous cell carcinomas and injection-site sarcomas. Based on the current literature, toceranib phosphate appears to be the most efficacious TKI in cats, especially against MCTs. Exploring the clinical use of TKIs in mammary carcinomas holds promise. Despite the progress, currently, the evidence falls short, underscoring the need for further research to discover new indications in feline oncology and to bridge the knowledge gaps between human and feline medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Žiga Žagar
- IVC Evidensia Small Animal Clinic Hofheim, 65719 Hofheim am Taunus, Germany
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Shiota Sato Y, Elbadawy M, Suzuki K, Tsunedomi R, Nagano H, Ishihara Y, Yamamoto H, Azakami D, Uchide T, Fukushima R, Tanaka R, Yoshida T, Mori T, Abugomaa A, Kaneda M, Yamawaki H, Shinohara Y, Aboubakr M, El-Asrag ME, Usui T, Sasaki K. Derivation of a new model of lung adenocarcinoma using canine lung cancer organoids for translational research in pulmonary medicine. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115079. [PMID: 37413906 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine primary lung cancer (cPLC) is a rare malignant tumor in dogs, and exhibits poor prognosis. Effective therapeutic drugs against cPLC have not been established yet. Also, cPLC resembles human lung cancer in histopathological characteristics and gene expression profiles and thus could be an important research model for this disease. Three-dimensional organoid culture is known to recapitulate the tissue dynamics in vivo. We, therefore, tried to generate cPLC organoids (cPLCO) for analyzing the profiles of cPLC. After samples from cPLC and the corresponding normal lung tissue were collected, cPLCO were successfully generated, which recapitulated the tissue architecture of cPLC, expressed lung adenocarcinoma marker (TTF1), and exhibited tumorigenesis in vivo. The sensitivity of cPLCO to anti-cancer drugs was different among strains. RNA-sequencing analysis showed significantly upregulated 11 genes in cPLCO compared with canine normal lung organoids (cNLO). Moreover, cPLCO were enriched with the MEK-signaling pathway compared with cNLO. The MEK inhibitor, trametinib decreased the viability of several strains of cPLCO and inhibited the growth of cPLC xenografts. Collectively, our established cPLCO model might be a useful tool for identifying novel biomarkers for cPLC and a new research model for dog and human lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yomogi Shiota Sato
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Mohamed Elbadawy
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, 13736, Moshtohor, Toukh, Elqaliobiya, Egypt.
| | - Kazuhiko Suzuki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Toxicology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Ryouichi Tsunedomi
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nagano
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ishihara
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Haru Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Daigo Azakami
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Uchide
- Laboratory of Veterinary Molecular Pathology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Ryuji Fukushima
- Animal Medical Emergency Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakamachi, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Ryo Tanaka
- Animal Medical Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Yoshida
- Animal Medical Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Takuya Mori
- Kinki Animal Medical Study Center, 3-15-27, Hishie, Osaka 578-0984, Japan
| | - Amira Abugomaa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Masahiro Kaneda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Yamawaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, 35-1, Higashi 23 ban-cho, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| | - Yuta Shinohara
- Pet Health & Food Division, Iskara Industry CO., LTD, 1-14-2, Nihonbashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0027, Japan
| | - Mohamed Aboubakr
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, 13736, Moshtohor, Toukh, Elqaliobiya, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E El-Asrag
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Tatsuya Usui
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Kazuaki Sasaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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MAEDA S. Second era of molecular-targeted cancer therapies in dogs. J Vet Med Sci 2023; 85:790-798. [PMID: 37380433 PMCID: PMC10466056 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of molecular biology and bioinformatics using next-generation sequencing has dramatically advanced the identification of molecules involved in various diseases and the elucidation of their pathogenesis. Consequently, many molecular-targeted therapies have been developed in the medical field. In veterinary medicine, the world's first molecular-targeted drug for animals, masitinib, was approved in 2008, followed by the multikinase inhibitor toceranib in 2009. Toceranib was originally approved for mast cell tumors in dogs but has also been shown to be effective in other tumors because of its ability to inhibit molecules involved in angiogenesis. Thus, toceranib has achieved great success as a molecular-targeted cancer therapy for dogs. Although there has been no progress in the development and commercialization of new molecular-targeted drugs for the treatment of cancer since the success of toceranib, several clinical trials have recently reported the administration of novel agents in the research stage to dogs with tumors. This review provides an overview of molecular-targeted drugs for canine tumors, particularly transitional cell carcinomas, and presents some of our recent data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo MAEDA
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Graduate
School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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9
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Coelho YNB, Soldi LR, da Silva PHR, Mesquita CM, Paranhos LR, dos Santos TR, Silva MJB. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors as an alternative treatment in canine mast cell tumor. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1188795. [PMID: 37360406 PMCID: PMC10285312 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1188795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The current gold standard treatment for canine mast cell tumors (MCT) uses vinblastine sulfate (VBL) as chemotherapy, although tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) have recently been shown to be worthy candidates for treatment. This systematic review aimed to analyze the overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), overall response rate (ORR), and complete (CR) or partial response (PR) in dogs with MCT treated with TKI compared to standard VBL treatment. The systematic review was registered in the Open Science Framework (OSF) database under the identifier 10.17605/OSF.IO/WYPN4 (https://osf.io/). An electronic search was performed in nine databases. References from eligible studies were also selected to find more registers. A total of 28 studies met the eligibility criteria, and one more was recovered from the references of eligible studies, totaling 29 selected studies. The overall response rate, complete response, and partial response were higher in dogs treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors than in dogs treated with vinblastine. The overall survival and progression-free survival of vinblastine-treated dogs were higher compared to tyrosine kinase inhibitors-treated dogs. Dogs with mutated KIT treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors have longer overall survival and progression-free survival compared to those treated with vinblastine. It is important to consider the limitation of the study which should temper the interpretation of the results, videlicet, the extracted data lacked sample standardization and included variables such as animal characteristics, mutation detection methods, tumor characteristics, and treatment types which may have influenced the outcome of the study. Systematic review registration https://osf.io/, identifier: 10.17605/OSF.IO/WYPN4.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luiz Ricardo Soldi
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia—UFU, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Caio Melo Mesquita
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia—UFU, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Luiz Renato Paranhos
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia—UFU, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Thaísa Reis dos Santos
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia—UFU, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
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10
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Conrad D, Kehl A, Müller T, Klopfleisch R, Aupperle-Lellbach H. Immunohistochemical and Molecular Genetic Analysis of Canine Digital Mast Cell Tumours. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13101694. [PMID: 37238124 DOI: 10.3390/ani13101694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Grading, immunohistochemistry and c-kit mutation status are criteria for assessing the prognosis and therapeutic options of canine cutaneous mast cell tumours (MCTs). As a subset, canine digital MCTs have rarely been explored in this context. Therefore, in this retrospective study, 68 paraffin-embedded canine digital MCTs were analysed, and histological grading was assessed according to Patnaik and Kiupel. The immunohistochemical markers KIT and Ki67 were used, as well as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for mutational screening in c-kit exons 8, 9, 11 and 14. Patnaik grading resulted in 22.1% grade I, 67.6% grade II and 10.3% grade III tumours. Some 86.8% of the digital MCTs were Kiupel low-grade. Aberrant KIT staining patterns II and III were found in 58.8%, and a count of more than 23 Ki67-positive cells in 52.3% of the cases. Both parameters were significantly associated with an internal tandem duplication (ITD) in c-kit exon 11 (12.7%). French Bulldogs, which tend to form well-differentiated cutaneous MCTs, had a higher proportion of digital high-grade MCTs and ITD in c-kit exon 11 compared with mongrels. Due to its retrospective nature, this study did not allow for an analysis of survival data. Nevertheless, it may contribute to the targeted characterisation of digital MCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Conrad
- Department of Pathology, Laboklin GmbH & Co. KG, 97688 Bad Kissingen, Germany
| | - Alexandra Kehl
- Department of Comparative Experimental Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675 München, Germany
- Department of Molecular Biology, Laboklin GmbH & Co. KG, 97688 Bad Kissingen, Germany
| | - Tobias Müller
- Department of Bioinformatics, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Robert Klopfleisch
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Heike Aupperle-Lellbach
- Department of Pathology, Laboklin GmbH & Co. KG, 97688 Bad Kissingen, Germany
- Department of Comparative Experimental Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675 München, Germany
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11
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Brady RV, Thamm DH. Tumor-associated macrophages: Prognostic and therapeutic targets for cancer in humans and dogs. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1176807. [PMID: 37090720 PMCID: PMC10113558 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1176807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are ancient, phagocytic immune cells thought to have their origins 500 million years ago in metazoan phylogeny. The understanding of macrophages has evolved to encompass their foundational roles in development, homeostasis, tissue repair, inflammation, and immunity. Notably, macrophages display high plasticity in response to environmental cues, capable of a strikingly wide variety of dynamic gene signatures and phenotypes. Macrophages are also involved in many pathological states including neural disease, asthma, liver disease, heart disease, cancer, and others. In cancer, most tumor-associated immune cells are macrophages, coined tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). While some TAMs can display anti-tumor properties such as phagocytizing tumor cells and orchestrating an immune response, most macrophages in the tumor microenvironment are immunosuppressive and pro-tumorigenic. Macrophages have been implicated in all stages of cancer. Therefore, interest in manipulating macrophages as a therapeutic strategy against cancer developed as early as the 1970s. Companion dogs are a strong comparative immuno-oncology model for people due to documented similarities in the immune system and spontaneous cancers between the species. Data from clinical trials in humans and dogs can be leveraged to further scientific advancements that benefit both species. This review aims to provide a summary of the current state of knowledge on macrophages in general, and an in-depth review of macrophages as a therapeutic strategy against cancer in humans and companion dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel V. Brady
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Douglas H. Thamm
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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12
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Treggiari E, Giantin M, Ferro S, Romanelli G. Canine gastrointestinal stromal tumours treated with surgery and imatinib mesylate: three cases (2018-2020). J Small Anim Pract 2023; 64:161-167. [PMID: 36335646 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) are described in dogs and are histologically diagnosed with the aid of immunohistochemistry to allow differentiation from leiomyomas/leiomyosarcomas. These tumours express c-kit and in some cases could harbour mutations in KIT coding gene. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dogs with a diagnosis of GIST previously confirmed with histopathology and immunohistochemistry were considered for inclusion. Medical records were reviewed for clinical signs at presentation, results of diagnostic tests, tumour location and treatment. To be included, patients had to undergo staging procedures and treatment with imatinib alone or in combination with surgery. Immunohistochemistry and KIT mutational analysis were performed assessing all included cases. RESULTS Three cases were included. All cases underwent staging procedures and surgical excision. Tumours were located in the stomach (two cases) or caecum (one case). KIT mutational status was assessed and the presence of a 54-base pair deletion in exon 11 was identified in one case. Following surgery, imatinib was used to treat recurrent, metastatic or residual disease and resulted in complete response and stable disease in the macroscopic setting and no evidence of recurrence in the microscopic setting. Follow-up time was 890, 120 and 352 days, respectively. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Surgical and medical treatment resulted in a positive outcome in these cases of canine GIST. Imatinib treatment was well tolerated and resulted in a measurable response and a low spectrum of toxicities. Further studies on the tolerability and efficacy of imatinib in solid tumours and GIST are warranted to define its effectiveness and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Treggiari
- Centro Specialistico Veterinario, Milan, Italy
| | - M Giantin
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - S Ferro
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - G Romanelli
- Centro Specialistico Veterinario, Milan, Italy
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13
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Kim SW, Choi JW, Kim JM, Yoon HY, Bae K, Yoon KA, Kim JH. Case report: Toceranib as adjuvant chemotherapy in a dog with incompletely resected combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma. Front Vet Sci 2023; 9:963390. [PMID: 36686162 PMCID: PMC9845258 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.963390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
An 11-year-old intact female mixed breed dog was presented with abdominal distention and elevated hepatic enzyme levels. Computed tomography revealed a multicystic hepatic mass at the left medial lobe adjacent to the diaphragm and caudal vena cava. The mass was surgically removed with partial hepatectomy, but it could not be removed completely because of adhesion to the diaphragm. The tissue was submitted for histopathologic evaluation, and the patient was diagnosed with stage IIIA combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC-CC). Considering the residual tumor tissue from incomplete surgical excision, adjuvant chemotherapy was recommended. Tumor tissue obtained from the patient was assessed using an anticancer drug response prediction test, and the results showed that toceranib phosphate was the most effective chemotherapeutic agent for this patient. Toceranib was initiated (3.1 mg/kg, PO, q48 h), and routine adverse effect assessment, including systemic blood pressure measurement, complete blood count, serum biochemical evaluations, and urinalysis were performed at two-week intervals for the first 2 months and every 2 months thereafter. Radiography and ultrasonography were conducted at one-month intervals for the first two months and then every 2 months subsequently. Concurrent hyperadrenocorticism was managed with trilostane (1 to 5 mg/kg, PO, q12h). The patient showed no critical adverse effects of chemotherapy, obvious recurrence, or metastasis. The response to toceranib was assessed as a partial response, and the patient is still alive over 23 months after tumor excision. This is the first case report describing chemotherapy for a dog with cHCC-CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Won Kim
- KU Animal Cancer Center, Konkuk University Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Seoul, South Korea,Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ju-Won Choi
- KU Animal Cancer Center, Konkuk University Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeon-Mo Kim
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hun-Young Yoon
- KU Animal Cancer Center, Konkuk University Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Seoul, South Korea,Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kieun Bae
- KU Animal Cancer Center, Konkuk University Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Seoul, South Korea,Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyong-Ah Yoon
- KU Animal Cancer Center, Konkuk University Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Seoul, South Korea,Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Kim
- KU Animal Cancer Center, Konkuk University Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Seoul, South Korea,Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea,*Correspondence: Jung-Hyun Kim
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14
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Cao J, Chow L, Dow S. Strategies to overcome myeloid cell induced immune suppression in the tumor microenvironment. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1116016. [PMID: 37114134 PMCID: PMC10126309 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1116016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer progression and metastasis due to tumor immune evasion and drug resistance is strongly associated with immune suppressive cellular responses, particularly in the case of metastatic tumors. The myeloid cell component plays a key role within the tumor microenvironment (TME) and disrupts both adaptive and innate immune cell responses leading to loss of tumor control. Therefore, strategies to eliminate or modulate the myeloid cell compartment of the TME are increasingly attractive to non-specifically increase anti-tumoral immunity and enhance existing immunotherapies. This review covers current strategies targeting myeloid suppressor cells in the TME to enhance anti-tumoral immunity, including strategies that target chemokine receptors to deplete selected immune suppressive myeloid cells and relieve the inhibition imposed on the effector arms of adaptive immunity. Remodeling the TME can in turn improve the activity of other immunotherapies such as checkpoint blockade and adoptive T cell therapies in immunologically "cold" tumors. When possible, in this review, we have provided evidence and outcomes from recent or current clinical trials evaluating the effectiveness of the specific strategies used to target myeloid cells in the TME. The review seeks to provide a broad overview of how myeloid cell targeting can become a key foundational approach to an overall strategy for improving tumor responses to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Cao
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Lyndah Chow
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Steven Dow
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- *Correspondence: Steven Dow,
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15
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Jacobsen KL, Wiebe V, Davidson AP, Murphy BG, Pool JRR. Use of Enrofloxacin and Hydrotherapy in the Management of Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva (FOP) in a Savannah Cat. Top Companion Anim Med 2023; 52:100757. [PMID: 36592860 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2022.100757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
FOP is a rare genetic condition, described mainly in man and cats, characterized by progressive, painful debilitation and shortened lifespan. A 10-month-old neutered male Savannah cat was referred for progressive gait abnormalities and multifocal firm masses within the soft-tissues that were unresponsive to previous treatment. Diagnosis of FOP was based on histopathological evaluation of intralesional biopsies, which revealed osteo-cartilaginous metaplasia and fibrocellular proliferation with intralesional chondrogenesis and endochondral ossification. The cat was managed with 5 mg/kg BID enrofloxacin and hydrotherapy for 3 years until acute death. During that three-year period, the cat displayed consistent improvement in endurance, quality of life, and range of motion. Postmortem histopathology further confirmed the diagnosis of FOP via identification of intramuscular and intra-fascial ossification with lymphoplasmacytic infiltration, degeneration, and regeneration of adjacent myocytes. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of long-term enrofloxacin treatment and hydrotherapy for the management of FOP in a cat, leading to improved mobility and survival time, and the first report of FOP in an exotic breed cat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim L Jacobsen
- Graduate Group in Integrative Pathobiology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Valerie Wiebe
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Autumn P Davidson
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Brian G Murphy
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jr Roy R Pool
- Texas A&M College of Veterinary Medicine, College Station, TX 77840, USA
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16
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Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) presenting as a multilocular cystic intra-abdominal mass in a dog. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:415. [DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03504-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is a malignant mesenchymal neoplasm described in humans, dogs, and cats. A hallmark of diagnosis for GISTs is positive immunohistochemical labelling with c-Kit (CD117). The differentiation of GIST from other mesenchymal neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract is pivotal to allow for initiation of appropriate treatment. In humans, cystic GIST has been described, though this has not been reported in dogs. In humans, the cystic form of GIST has been associated with a favorable prognosis. In the present paper, we report a case of multilocular cystic GIST in a dog, which has not previously been described in this species.
Case presentation
A ten-year-old, male-entire Maltese terrier mix breed dog presented with a large cystic mural mass of the duoedenum and orad jejunum. Histopathology and positive immunohistochemical staining with CD117 confirmed a diagnosis of GIST. No evidence of metastasis was detected on routine staging with abdominal sonography and thoracic radiography at the time of diagnosis. Surgical resection was performed and toceranib therapy was initiated post-operatively. Metastasis was documented 251 days after surgery on computed tomography. Due to clinical deterioration, the patient was humanely euthanised 370 days after surgical excision.
Conclusions
There are few differential diagnoses for large multilocular cystic intra-abdominal masses in dogs. This case presents a previously undescribed presentation of gastrointestinal stromal tumor in the dog as a predominantly multilocular cystic mass. It remains unclear if the cystic form of GIST may represent a favorable prognosis in dogs.
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17
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Lee SH, Kim DH, Bae K, Jeong SW, Yoon KA, Yoon HY, Do SH, Kim B, Kim JH. Adjuvant therapy with imatinib for an incompletely resected multilobular tumour of bone in a dog. VET MED-CZECH 2022; 67:590-597. [PMID: 38846793 PMCID: PMC11154882 DOI: 10.17221/85/2021-vetmed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
A 5-year-old neutered male Shiba Inu dog presented with a history of oral bleeding, dysphagia, and depression for 3 weeks. The physical examination revealed a firm mass in the right caudal palatal region along the level of PM4-M2. On the computed tomography, the mass was round-to-oval in shape and 22 mm × 30 mm × 15 mm in size. The mass contained multiple bone attenuated materials with a palatal bone lysis of 4 mm × 6 mm. A complete resection of the mass was proposed; however, the owner declined due to the risk of complications associated with the radical surgery. Therefore, a palliative resection and biopsy of the mass were performed. On the histological examination, the mass was diagnosed as grade 2 multilobular tumour of bone (MTB). Since the mass was incompletely resected, adjuvant therapy was pursued along with targeted therapy using a tyrosine kinase inhibitor. The tumour cells showed overexpression of the receptor of tyrosine kinase for c-KIT, PDGFR-α, PDGFR-β, and FGFR1 compared to normal tissue cells. Additionally, the cytotoxic effect of imatinib on the MTB cells was confirmed in vitro. Four weeks postoperatively, the administration of imatinib and carprofen was initiated and continued for 259 days. The patient maintained a good functional outcome for 306 days after the initial presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hyun Lee
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kieun Bae
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Wuk Jeong
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyong-Ah Yoon
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun-Young Yoon
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hee Do
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bokyung Kim
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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18
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Lou Y, Qin H, Hu Q, Chai Y, Zhou H, Chen M, Wang Q, Huang P, Gu J, Zhang Y. Development and validation of a novel LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous quantitative determination of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in human plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1208:123394. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Activating Mutation in the Receptor Tyrosine Kinase FLT3 with Clinicopathological Relevance in Canine Mast Cell Tumors. Vet Med Int 2022; 2022:9509900. [PMID: 36072760 PMCID: PMC9441376 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9509900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research has focused on the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) KIT which is involved in the pathogenesis of canine mast cell tumors (MCT). However, the role of other RTKs in this neoplasm remains unclear. The present study aimed to determine the frequency of FLT3 mutations and to evaluate the mutational status and clinicopathological relevance of canine MCT patients. There were a total of 20 cases that were cytologically and histopathological diagnosed as canine MCTs; genomic polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Sanger sequencing were used to identify mutations. For the juxtamembrane (JM) domain, the FLT3 14/15 primer pair was used to investigate exon 14/15 loci. Based on genomic PCR amplification of exon 14/15 and 20 of the FLT3 gene and Sanger sequencing of 20 cases of canine MCTs, the overall frequency of FLT3 mutation in canine MCTs was 75%. The majority of FLT3 mutations (70%) were internal tandem duplications (ITD) of the JM domain, while one case arose from deletion mutations of the tyrosine kinase domain (TKD). However, double mutations were not observed in this study. Furthermore, there is also clinicopathological relevance to MCT dogs carrying FLT3-ITD mutations, showing a tendency toward leukocytosis due to neutrophilia, and resembling human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with FLT3-ITD mutations. A subset of MCTs with FLT3-ITD mutations, showing an enhanced signal of phosphorylated ERK1/2 identified by immunoblotting, suggests that an activating mutation may be driven by a distinct signal of the ERK pathway. Our results indicate that FLT3-ITD mutation is an oncogenic driver of canine MCTs, and that it shares some clinicopathologic features with human AML. These findings may offer new opportunities for further studies on canine mast cell tumorigenesis and a novel therapeutic target for canine MCT cases harboring FLT3-ITD mutations.
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20
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Morini M, Gentilini F, Turba ME, Gobbo F, Mandrioli L, Bettini G. Mutational Analysis of c-KIT and PDGFRA in Canine Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GISTs). Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9070376. [PMID: 35878393 PMCID: PMC9323380 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9070376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the canine gastrointestinal tract and are diagnosed by the immunohistochemical expression of the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) KIT. Activating mutations of the proto-oncogenes c-KIT and PDGFRA drive GIST oncogenesis and are used to predict the response to RTK-inhibitors in human oncology. Currently, the frequency and significance of these mutations in canine GIST have not been adequately explored. Therefore, we investigated the mutational status of c-KIT (exons 9, 11 and 13) and PDGFRA (exons 12 and 18) genes by PCR followed by fragment analysis for c-KIT deletions and PCR followed by screening with DHPLC and direct sequencing confirmation for single nucleotide variations in 17 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded canine GISTs confirmed by KIT immunopositivity. c-KIT mutations were detected in 47% of cases, with a mutation detection rate significantly higher (p = 0.0004, Fisher’s exact test) and always involving exon 11. A PDGFRA gene mutation (exon 18) was identified in one case. Even if follow-up data were not available for all cases, four cases with documented abdominal metastases displayed c-KIT mutations. These data confirm that c-KIT exon 11 mutations occur frequently in canine GISTs, and identify the presence of a PDGFRA mutation similar to human GISTs. This study also suggests a potential association of c-KIT mutation with more aggressive biological behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Morini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (F.G.); (F.G.); (L.M.); (G.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Fabio Gentilini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (F.G.); (F.G.); (L.M.); (G.B.)
| | | | - Francesca Gobbo
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (F.G.); (F.G.); (L.M.); (G.B.)
| | - Luciana Mandrioli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (F.G.); (F.G.); (L.M.); (G.B.)
| | - Giuliano Bettini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (F.G.); (F.G.); (L.M.); (G.B.)
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21
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Diagnosis, Prognosis and Treatment of Canine Cutaneous and Subcutaneous Mast Cell Tumors. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040618. [PMID: 35203268 PMCID: PMC8870669 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cell tumors (MCTs) are hematopoietic neoplasms composed of mast cells. It is highly common in dogs and is extremely important in the veterinary oncology field. It represents the third most common tumor subtype, and is the most common malignant skin tumor in dogs, corresponding to 11% of skin cancer cases. The objective of this critical review was to present the report of the 2nd Consensus meeting on the Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment of Canine Cutaneous and Subcutaneous Mast Cell Tumors, which was organized by the Brazilian Association of Veterinary Oncology (ABROVET) in August 2021. The most recent information on cutaneous and subcutaneous mast cell tumors in dogs is presented and discussed.
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22
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Sobierajska P, Serwotka-Suszczak A, Targonska S, Szymanski D, Marycz K, Wiglusz RJ. Synergistic Effect of Toceranib and Nanohydroxyapatite as a Drug Delivery Platform-Physicochemical Properties and In Vitro Studies on Mastocytoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23041944. [PMID: 35216060 PMCID: PMC8875076 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23041944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A new combination of Toceranib (Toc; 5-[(5Z)-(5-Fluoro-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3H-indol-3-ylidene)methyl]-2,4-dimethyl-N-[2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)ethyl]-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxamide) with nanohydroxyapatite (nHAp) was proposed as an antineoplastic drug delivery system. Its physicochemical properties were determined as crystallinity, grain size, morphology, zeta potential and hydrodynamic diameter as well as Toceranib release. The crystalline nanorods of nHAp were synthesised by the co-precipitation method, while the amorphous Toceranib was obtained by its conversion from the crystalline form during nHAp–Toc preparation. The surface interaction between both compounds was confirmed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis) and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). The nHAp–Toc showed a slower and prolonged release of Toceranib. The release behaviour was affected by hydrodynamic size, surface interaction and the medium used (pH). The effectiveness of the proposed platform was tested by comparing the cytotoxicity of the drug combined with nHAp against the drug itself. The compounds were tested on NI-1 mastocytoma cells using the Alamar blue colorimetric technique. The obtained results suggest that the proposed platform shows high efficiency (the calculated IC50 is 4.29 nM), while maintaining the specificity of the drug alone. Performed analyses confirmed that nanohydroxyapatite is a prospective drug carrier and, when Toceranib-loaded, may be an idea worth developing with further research into therapeutic application in the treatment of canine mast cell tumour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Sobierajska
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okolna 2, 50-422 Wroclaw, Poland; (S.T.); (D.S.)
- Correspondence: (P.S.); (R.J.W.)
| | - Anna Serwotka-Suszczak
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C. K. Norwida 27B, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.S.-S.); (K.M.)
| | - Sara Targonska
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okolna 2, 50-422 Wroclaw, Poland; (S.T.); (D.S.)
| | - Damian Szymanski
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okolna 2, 50-422 Wroclaw, Poland; (S.T.); (D.S.)
| | - Krzysztof Marycz
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C. K. Norwida 27B, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.S.-S.); (K.M.)
| | - Rafal J. Wiglusz
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okolna 2, 50-422 Wroclaw, Poland; (S.T.); (D.S.)
- Correspondence: (P.S.); (R.J.W.)
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23
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Macedo TR, de Queiroz GF, Casagrande TAC, Alexandre PA, Brandão PE, Fukumasu H, Melo SR, Dagli MLZ, Pinto ACBCF, Matera JM. Imatinib Mesylate for the Treatment of Canine Mast Cell Tumors: Assessment of the Response and Adverse Events in Comparison with the Conventional Therapy with Vinblastine and Prednisone. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030571. [PMID: 35159380 PMCID: PMC8834544 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cell tumors (MCTs) are common neoplasms in dogs, and treatments for these diseases include surgery, polychemotherapy and targeted therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. This study aimed to evaluate the response and the adverse events of treatment with imatinib mesylate (IM) compared to conventional therapy using vinblastine and prednisolone (VP) in canine cutaneous MCTs. Twenty-four dogs were included in the study; 13 animals were treated with IM and 11 with VP. Tumor tissue samples were submitted for histological diagnosis, grading and KIT immunostaining. The response to treatment was assessed by tomographic measurements according to VCOG criteria. Adverse events were classified according to VCOG-CTCAE criteria. The IM and VP groups had dogs with similar breeds, gender, ages, MCT localization, WHO stages and lymph node metastasis profiles. Most MCTs were grade 2/low and had KIT- patterns 2 and 3. The objective response rate (ORR) was significantly higher (30.79%) in the IM group then in VP group (9.09%). Adverse events (AE) in IM group were all grade 1, significantly different from VP. In conclusion, IM presented better ORR and less severe adverse events when compared to VP, representing a suitable option for the treatment of low-grade canine MCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Rodrigues Macedo
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-010, Brazil; (T.R.M.); (S.R.M.); (A.C.B.C.F.P.); (J.M.M.)
| | - Genilson Fernandes de Queiroz
- Department of Animal Science, Federal Rural University of Semi-Arid, Mossoró 59625-900, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-1130917712
| | | | - Pâmela Almeida Alexandre
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-010, Brazil; (P.A.A.); (P.E.B.)
| | - Paulo Eduardo Brandão
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-010, Brazil; (P.A.A.); (P.E.B.)
| | - Heidge Fukumasu
- Laboratory of Comparative and Translational Oncology (LOCT), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil;
| | - Samanta Rios Melo
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-010, Brazil; (T.R.M.); (S.R.M.); (A.C.B.C.F.P.); (J.M.M.)
| | - Maria Lucia Zaidan Dagli
- Laboratory of Experimental and Comparative Oncology, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-010, Brazil;
| | - Ana Carolina B. C. Fonseca Pinto
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-010, Brazil; (T.R.M.); (S.R.M.); (A.C.B.C.F.P.); (J.M.M.)
| | - Julia Maria Matera
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-010, Brazil; (T.R.M.); (S.R.M.); (A.C.B.C.F.P.); (J.M.M.)
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Myers‐Nodes J, Mazepa ASW. Combined surgical and medical management of a cat with gastrinoma. J Small Anim Pract 2022; 63:632-634. [DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Guerra Guimarães T, Menezes Cardoso K, Tralhão P, Marto CM, Alexandre N, Botelho MF, Laranjo M. Current Therapeutics and Future Perspectives to Ocular Melanocytic Neoplasms in Dogs and Cats. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:bioengineering8120225. [PMID: 34940378 PMCID: PMC8698280 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8120225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neoplasms of melanocytic origin are diseases relevant to dogs and cats' ophthalmic oncology due to their incidence, potential visual loss, and consequent decrease in life quality and expectancy. Despite its non-specific clinical presentation, melanocytic neoplasms can be histologically distinguished in melanocytomas, which present benign characteristics, and malignant melanomas. The diagnosis often occurs in advanced cases, limiting the therapeutic options. Surgery, cryotherapy, radiotherapy, photodynamic therapy (PDT), and laser are currently available therapeutic strategies. As no clinical guidelines are available, the treatment choice is primarily based on the clinician's preference, proficiency, and the owner's financial constraints. While surgery is curative in benign lesions, ocular melanomas present a variable response to treatments, besides the potential of tumour recurrences or metastatic disease. This review presents the currently available therapies for ocular melanocytic neoplasms in dogs and cats, describing the therapeutic, indications, and limitations. Additionally, new therapeutics being developed are presented and discussed, as they can improve the current treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarcísio Guerra Guimarães
- Institute of Research and Advanced Training (IIFA), University of Évora, 7002-554 Évora, Portugal; (T.G.G.); (K.M.C.)
- Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development (MED), University of Évora, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal;
- Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (C.M.M.); (M.F.B.)
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Karla Menezes Cardoso
- Institute of Research and Advanced Training (IIFA), University of Évora, 7002-554 Évora, Portugal; (T.G.G.); (K.M.C.)
- Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development (MED), University of Évora, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal;
- Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (C.M.M.); (M.F.B.)
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pedro Tralhão
- Center of Veterinary Ophthalmology, Oftalvet, 4050-102 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Carlos Miguel Marto
- Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (C.M.M.); (M.F.B.)
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nuno Alexandre
- Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development (MED), University of Évora, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal;
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Évora, 7004-516 Évora, Portugal
| | - Maria Filomena Botelho
- Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (C.M.M.); (M.F.B.)
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mafalda Laranjo
- Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (C.M.M.); (M.F.B.)
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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A Comparative View on Molecular Alterations and Potential Therapeutic Strategies for Canine Oral Melanoma. Vet Sci 2021; 8:vetsci8110286. [PMID: 34822659 PMCID: PMC8619620 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8110286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine oral melanoma (COM) is a highly aggressive tumour associated with poor prognosis due to metastasis and resistance to conventional anti-cancer therapies. As with human mucosal melanoma, the mutational landscape is predominated by copy number aberrations and chromosomal structural variants, but differences in study cohorts and/or tumour heterogeneity can lead to discordant results regarding the nature of specific genes affected. This review discusses somatic molecular alterations in COM that result from single nucleotide variations, copy number changes, chromosomal rearrangements, and/or dysregulation of small non-coding RNAs. A cross-species comparison highlights notable recurrent aberrations, and functionally grouping dysregulated proteins reveals unifying biological pathways that may be critical for oncogenesis and metastasis. Finally, potential therapeutic strategies are considered to target these pathways in canine patients, and the benefits of collaboration between science, medical, and veterinary communities are emphasised.
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Luu AK, Wood GA, Viloria-Petit AM. Recent Advances in the Discovery of Biomarkers for Canine Osteosarcoma. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:734965. [PMID: 34660770 PMCID: PMC8517113 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.734965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine osteosarcoma (OSA) is an aggressive malignancy that frequently metastasizes to the lung and bone. Not only has there been essentially no improvement in therapeutic outcome over the past 3 decades, but there is also a lack of reliable biomarkers in clinical practice. This makes it difficult to discriminate which patients will most benefit from the standard treatment of amputation and adjuvant chemotherapy. The development of reliable diagnostic biomarkers could aid in the clinical diagnosis of primary OSA and metastasis; while prognostic, and predictive biomarkers could allow clinicians to stratify patients to predict response to treatment and outcome. This review summarizes biomarkers that have been explored in canine OSA to date. The focus is on molecular biomarkers identified in tumor samples as well as emerging biomarkers that have been identified in blood-based (liquid) biopsies, including circulating tumor cells, microRNAs, and extracellular vesicles. Lastly, we propose future directions in biomarker research to ensure they can be incorporated into a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita K Luu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Geoffrey A Wood
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Alicia M Viloria-Petit
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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Smedley RC, Thaiwong T, Deeth LE, Kiupel M. Correlation Between KIT Expression and c-Kit Mutations in 2 Subtypes of Canine Oral Melanocytic Neoplasms. Vet Pathol 2021; 58:683-691. [PMID: 33910439 DOI: 10.1177/03009858211009784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
c-Kit mutations have been reported in 15% to 40% of certain human melanoma subtypes, including those histologically similar to canine oral malignant melanomas. Therapeutic response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors has been demonstrated in those human patients. As canine oral malignant melanomas tend to have a poor prognosis despite aggressive surgical removal, evaluation of KIT expression and identification of c-Kit mutations in canine oral melanocytic neoplasms was performed to determine if there is any indication that tyrosine kinase inhibitor drugs might effectively treat any of these cases. This study evaluated 27 canine oral malignant melanomas and 12 canine histologically well-differentiated oral melanocytic neoplasms for activating c-Kit mutations, determined differences in immunohistochemical expression of KIT and c-Kit mutation status, and determined if KIT expression could predict c-Kit mutation status. Among samples that contained intraepithelial nests of neoplastic melanocytes in the KIT-labeled sections, KIT was expressed within cells in these nests in 22/23 (96%) malignant melanomas and 5/7 histologically well-differentiated neoplasms. KIT was expressed in 10% to 30% of neoplastic melanocytes in the lamina propria in 3/24 (13%) malignant melanomas, but 0/9 (0%) histologically well-differentiated neoplasms. Next-generation sequencing identified 85 variants in c-Kit, including 9 nonsynonymous mutations that resulted in amino acid changes predicted to affect protein function. c-Kit mutations with predicted deleterious protein effects were more common in malignant melanomas (8/27 [30%] vs 1/12 [8%]). There was no apparent relationship between detected c-Kit mutations and KIT expression. These results do not support the use of therapies that target c-Kit.
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29
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Freytag JO, Queiroz MR, Govoni VM, Pereira IVA, Pulz LH, de Francisco Strefezzi R, Queiroga FL, Cogliati B. Prognostic value of immunohistochemical markers in canine cutaneous mast cell tumours: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Vet Comp Oncol 2021; 19:529-540. [PMID: 33724647 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Histological grading systems remain cornerstones in the prognosis of canine cutaneous mast cell tumours (MCTs), but the distinct biological behaviour of each tumour often necessitates the use of complementary markers. Although a plethora of immunohistochemical markers have been proposed as prognostic factors, few are presently applied in routine diagnosis. This systematic review and meta-analysis was designed to establish which immunohistochemical markers have verifiable prognostic value for cutaneous MCTs in dogs. A Boolean search of five databases identified 200 articles for screening, of which 73 were selected for full-text assessment and 24 ultimately included in the systematic review. Odds Ratio (OR) was adopted as the summary measure for subsequent meta-analysis but only 15 articles, relating to the immunomarkers Ki-67 (9), KIT (5), and BAX (2), provided either a value for OR or sufficient data to calculate this statistic. Meta-analysis verified that canine cutaneous MCTs with elevated expression of Ki-67 or BAX, as well aberrant immuno-expression of KIT, showed an increased odds of death, with respective OR values of 11.2 (95% CI 6.3-20.0; p < .01), 9.9 (95% CI 1.3-73.6; p = .03), and 4.1 (95% CI 1.1-15.3; p = .03). Despite KIT, Ki67, and BAX arise as suitable prognostic factor for canine MCTs, this study highlighted the lack of important clinical and statistical data in many published articles, rendering it impossible to complete the meta-analysis of several potentially valuable immunohistochemical markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Ostrand Freytag
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Ramos Queiroz
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Verônica Mollica Govoni
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabel Veloso Alves Pereira
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lidia Hildebrand Pulz
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Ricardo de Francisco Strefezzi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Felisbina Luisa Queiroga
- Center for Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Bruno Cogliati
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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30
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Yetsko K, Farrell JA, Blackburn NB, Whitmore L, Stammnitz MR, Whilde J, Eastman CB, Ramia DR, Thomas R, Krstic A, Linser P, Creer S, Carvalho G, Devlin MA, Nahvi N, Leandro AC, deMaar TW, Burkhalter B, Murchison EP, Schnitzler C, Duffy DJ. Molecular characterization of a marine turtle tumor epizootic, profiling external, internal and postsurgical regrowth tumors. Commun Biol 2021; 4:152. [PMID: 33526843 PMCID: PMC7851172 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01656-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Sea turtle populations are under threat from an epizootic tumor disease (animal epidemic) known as fibropapillomatosis. Fibropapillomatosis continues to spread geographically, with prevalence of the disease also growing at many longer-affected sites globally. However, we do not yet understand the precise environmental, mutational and viral events driving fibropapillomatosis tumor formation and progression.Here we perform transcriptomic and immunohistochemical profiling of five fibropapillomatosis tumor types: external new, established and postsurgical regrowth tumors, and internal lung and kidney tumors. We reveal that internal tumors are molecularly distinct from the more common external tumors. However, they have a small number of conserved potentially therapeutically targetable molecular vulnerabilities in common, such as the MAPK, Wnt, TGFβ and TNF oncogenic signaling pathways. These conserved oncogenic drivers recapitulate remarkably well the core pan-cancer drivers responsible for human cancers. Fibropapillomatosis has been considered benign, but metastatic-related transcriptional signatures are strongly activated in kidney and established external tumors. Tumors in turtles with poor outcomes (died/euthanized) have genes associated with apoptosis and immune function suppressed, with these genes providing putative predictive biomarkers.Together, these results offer an improved understanding of fibropapillomatosis tumorigenesis and provide insights into the origins, inter-tumor relationships, and therapeutic treatment for this wildlife epizootic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Yetsko
- The Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience and Sea Turtle Hospital, University of Florida, St. Augustine, FL, 32080, USA
| | - Jessica A Farrell
- The Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience and Sea Turtle Hospital, University of Florida, St. Augustine, FL, 32080, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Nicholas B Blackburn
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Liam Whitmore
- The Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience and Sea Turtle Hospital, University of Florida, St. Augustine, FL, 32080, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Maximilian R Stammnitz
- Transmissible Cancer Group, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Jenny Whilde
- The Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience and Sea Turtle Hospital, University of Florida, St. Augustine, FL, 32080, USA
| | - Catherine B Eastman
- The Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience and Sea Turtle Hospital, University of Florida, St. Augustine, FL, 32080, USA
| | - Devon Rollinson Ramia
- The Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience and Sea Turtle Hospital, University of Florida, St. Augustine, FL, 32080, USA
| | - Rachel Thomas
- The Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience and Sea Turtle Hospital, University of Florida, St. Augustine, FL, 32080, USA
| | - Aleksandar Krstic
- Systems Biology Ireland & Precision Oncology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4, Ireland
| | - Paul Linser
- The Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience and Sea Turtle Hospital, University of Florida, St. Augustine, FL, 32080, USA
| | - Simon Creer
- Molecular Ecology and Fisheries Genetics Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Gary Carvalho
- Molecular Ecology and Fisheries Genetics Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, UK
| | | | - Nina Nahvi
- Sea Turtle Inc., South Padre Island, TX, USA
| | - Ana Cristina Leandro
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | | | - Brooke Burkhalter
- The Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience and Sea Turtle Hospital, University of Florida, St. Augustine, FL, 32080, USA
| | - Elizabeth P Murchison
- Transmissible Cancer Group, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Christine Schnitzler
- The Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience and Sea Turtle Hospital, University of Florida, St. Augustine, FL, 32080, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - David J Duffy
- The Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience and Sea Turtle Hospital, University of Florida, St. Augustine, FL, 32080, USA.
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
- Systems Biology Ireland & Precision Oncology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4, Ireland.
- Molecular Ecology and Fisheries Genetics Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, UK.
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Fisher CJ, Lejeune AT, Dark MJ, Hernandez OM, Shiomitsu K. Evaluation of ponatinib in vitro effect in three canine mast cell tumor cell lines expressing FGFR-1, PDGFR-α, and VEGFR-2. Vet J 2021; 269:105621. [PMID: 33593493 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2021.105621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Ponatinib is a broad-spectrum tyrosine kinase inhibitor that targets numerous receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), including but not limited to fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR)-1, platelet derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR)-α, and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-2. This study evaluated the expression of FGFR-1, PDGFR-α, and VEGFR-2 in three canine mast cell tumor (MCT) cell lines (CM-MC1, VI-MC1, CoMS) and the effects of ponatinib on these MCT cell lines. Quantitative RT-PCR confirmed the expression of FGFR-1, PDGFR-α, and VEGFR-2 in the three MCT cell lines. Ponatinib exhibited dose- and time-dependent cytotoxicity in MCT cell lines via MTT assay. The IC50 for 24, 48, and 72 h across the three cell lines ranged from 38.47 nM to 103.3 nM, which is clinically comparable to dose ranges established for humans. Significantly increased apoptosis in each cell line was seen between 12 and 18 h after treatment with IC50 of ponatinib via Annexin-V and Caspase-3/7 assays. These data suggest that ponatinib could be a possible therapeutic agent for canine MCTs. Further studies are needed to investigate the prognostic value of FGFR-1, PDGFR-α, and VEGFR-2 in canine MCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Fisher
- Departments of Small Animal Clinical Sciences and Comparative Diagnostic and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 SW 16thAve, Gainesville, FL 32610-0144 USA
| | - A T Lejeune
- Departments of Small Animal Clinical Sciences and Comparative Diagnostic and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 SW 16thAve, Gainesville, FL 32610-0144 USA
| | - M J Dark
- Departments of Small Animal Clinical Sciences and Comparative Diagnostic and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 SW 16thAve, Gainesville, FL 32610-0144 USA
| | - O M Hernandez
- Departments of Small Animal Clinical Sciences and Comparative Diagnostic and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 SW 16thAve, Gainesville, FL 32610-0144 USA
| | - K Shiomitsu
- Departments of Small Animal Clinical Sciences and Comparative Diagnostic and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 SW 16thAve, Gainesville, FL 32610-0144 USA.
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KIT Somatic Mutations and Immunohistochemical Expression in Canine Oral Melanoma. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10122370. [PMID: 33321993 PMCID: PMC7764140 DOI: 10.3390/ani10122370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Malignant melanomas arising from mucosal sites are very aggressive neoplastic entities which affect both humans and dogs. The family of tyrosine kinase receptors has been increasingly studied in humans for this type of neoplasm, especially the gene coding for the proto-oncogene KIT, and tyrosine kinase inhibitors are actually available as treatment. However, KIT alteration status in canine oral melanoma still lacks characterization. In this study, we investigated the mutational status and the tissue expression of KIT through DNA sequencing and immunohistochemical analysis, respectively. A homogeneous cohort of 14 canine oral melanomas has been collected, and while tissue expression of the protein was detected, no mutations were identifiable, most likely attributing the dysregulation of this oncogene to a more complex pattern of genomic aberration. Abstract Canine oral melanoma (COM) is an aggressive neoplasm with a low response to therapies, sharing similarities with human mucosal melanomas. In the latter, significant alterations of the proto-oncogene KIT have been shown, while in COMs only its exon 11 has been adequately investigated. In this study, 14 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded COMs were selected considering the following inclusion criteria: unequivocal diagnosis, presence of healthy tissue, and a known amplification status of the gene KIT (seven samples affected and seven non-affected by amplification). The DNA was extracted and KIT target exons 13, 17, and 18 were amplified by PCR and sequenced. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for KIT and Ki67 was performed, and a quantitative index was calculated for each protein. PCR amplification and sequencing was successful in 97.62% of cases, and no single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was detected in any of the exons examined, similarly to exon 11 in other studies. The immunolabeling of KIT was positive in 84.6% of the samples with a mean value of 3.1 cells in positive cases, yet there was no correlation with aberration status. Our findings confirm the hypothesis that SNPs are not a frequent event in KIT activation in COMs, with the pathway activation relying mainly on amplification.
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Kobayashi PE, Lainetti PF, Leis-Filho AF, Delella FK, Carvalho M, Cury SS, Carvalho RF, Fonseca-Alves CE, Laufer-Amorim R. Transcriptome of Two Canine Prostate Cancer Cells Treated With Toceranib Phosphate Reveals Distinct Antitumor Profiles Associated With the PDGFR Pathway. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:561212. [PMID: 33324695 PMCID: PMC7726326 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.561212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine prostate cancer (PC) presents a poor antitumor response, usually late diagnosis and prognosis. Toceranib phosphate (TP) is a nonspecific inhibitor of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), including vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), and c-KIT. This study aimed to evaluate VEGFR2, PDGFR-β, and c-KIT protein expression in two established canine PC cell lines (PC1 and PC2) and the transcriptome profile of the cells after treatment with TP. Immunofluorescence (IF) analysis revealed VEGFR2 and PDGFR-β protein expression and the absence of c-KIT protein expression in both cell lines. After TP treatment, only the viability of PC1 cells decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Transcriptome and enrichment analyses of treated PC1 cells revealed 181 upregulated genes, which were related to decreased angiogenesis and cell proliferation. In addition, we found upregulated PDGFR-A, PDGFR-β, and PDGF-D expression in PC1 cells, and the upregulation of PDGFR-β was also observed in treated PC1 cells by qPCR. PC2 cells had fewer protein-protein interactions (PPIs), with 18 upregulated and 22 downregulated genes; the upregulated genes were involved in the regulation of parallel pathways and mechanisms related to proliferation, which could be associated with the resistance observed after treatment. The canine PC1 cell line but not the PC2 cell line showed decreased viability after treatment with TP, although both cell lines expressed PDGFR and VEGFR receptors. Further studies could explain the mechanism of resistance in PC2 cells and provide a basis for personalized treatment for dogs with PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila E Kobayashi
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Patrícia F Lainetti
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Antonio F Leis-Filho
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Flávia K Delella
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Marcio Carvalho
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Sarah Santiloni Cury
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Robson Francisco Carvalho
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Carlos E Fonseca-Alves
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil.,Institute of Health Sciences, Paulista University-UNIP, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Renée Laufer-Amorim
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
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34
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Gamperl S, Stefanzl G, Willmann M, Valent P, Hadzijusufovic E. In vitro effects of histamine receptor 1 antagonists on proliferation and histamine release in canine neoplastic mast cells. Vet Med Sci 2020; 7:57-68. [PMID: 32924324 PMCID: PMC7840218 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine mastocytomas (MCTs) are characterized by rapid proliferation of neoplastic mast cells (MCs) and clinical signs caused by MC-derived mediators. In dogs suffering from MCT, histamine receptor 1 (HR1) antagonists are frequently used to control mediator-related clinical symptoms. Previous studies have shown that the HR1 antagonists loratadine and terfenadine exert some growth-inhibitory effects on neoplastic MCs. We examined whether other HR1 antagonists used in clinical practice (desloratadine, rupatadine, cyproheptadine, dimetindene, diphenhydramine) affect proliferation and survival of neoplastic MCs. Furthermore, we analysed whether these HR1 antagonists counteract IgE-dependent histamine release from a MC line harbouring a functional IgE-receptor. HR1 antagonists were applied on two canine MC lines, C2 and NI-1, and on primary MCs obtained from three MCT samples. The HR1 antagonists desloratadine, rupatadine and cyproheptadine were found to be more potent in decreasing proliferation of C2 and NI-1 cells when compared with dimetindene and diphenhydramine. Similar effects were seen in primary neoplastic MCs, except for diphenhydramine, which exerted more potent growth-inhibitory effects than the other HR1 antagonists. Drug-induced growth-inhibition in C2 and NI-1 cells was accompanied by apoptosis. Loratadine, desloratadine and rupatadine also suppressed IgE-dependent histamine release in NI-1 cells. However, drug concentrations required to elicit substantial effects on growth or histamine release were relatively high (>10 µM). Therefore, it remains unknown whether these drugs or similar, more potent, HR1-targeting drugs can suppress growth or activation of canine neoplastic MCs in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Gamperl
- Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabriele Stefanzl
- Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Willmann
- Department of Companion Animals and Horses, Clinic for Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Valent
- Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Emir Hadzijusufovic
- Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Companion Animals and Horses, Clinic for Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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35
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Oliveira MT, Campos M, Lamego L, Magalhães D, Menezes R, Oliveira R, Patanita F, Ferreira DA. Canine and Feline Cutaneous Mast Cell Tumor: A Comprehensive Review of Treatments and Outcomes. Top Companion Anim Med 2020; 41:100472. [PMID: 32891740 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2020.100472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mast cell tumor (MCT) or mastocytoma is one of the most frequent malignant cutaneous tumors in the dog, and the second most frequent in the cat. Several mast cell tumor therapeutic approaches have been proposed in the past years for dogs and cats, resulting in very distinct outcomes. The current comprehensive literature review presents a critical approach to the scientific information published about the MCTs treatments and the subsequent prognosis and survival times, in dogs and in cats diagnosed with MCTs. A systematic review of the literature following the Cochrane principles and methodology was performed. The authors resorted to MEDLINE, Scopus, Google Scholar and Web of Science databases to select the 133 publications with evidence-based treatments for MCTs in companion animals. Results of the review suggest that the recommended treatment, prognosis and survival times for dogs and cats with MCTs depends at all times on the clinical staging, histological grade and location of the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Oliveira
- MED - Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal; Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Núcleo da Mitra, 7000 Évora, Portugal.
| | - Marco Campos
- Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Núcleo da Mitra, 7000 Évora, Portugal
| | - Luís Lamego
- Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Núcleo da Mitra, 7000 Évora, Portugal
| | - Diogo Magalhães
- Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Núcleo da Mitra, 7000 Évora, Portugal
| | - Rui Menezes
- Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Núcleo da Mitra, 7000 Évora, Portugal
| | - Renato Oliveira
- Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Núcleo da Mitra, 7000 Évora, Portugal
| | - Francisco Patanita
- Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Núcleo da Mitra, 7000 Évora, Portugal
| | - David A Ferreira
- MED - Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal; Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Núcleo da Mitra, 7000 Évora, Portugal
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36
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Song JH, Yu DH, Hwang TS, Seung BJ, Sur JH, Kim YJ, Jung DI. Expression of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α/ß, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2, c-Abl, and c-Kit in canine granulomatous meningoencephalitis and necrotizing encephalitis. Vet Med Sci 2020; 6:965-974. [PMID: 32585777 PMCID: PMC7738704 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Given the active research on targeted therapy using tyrosine kinase (TK) inhibitors (TKIs) in the field of oncology, further studies have recently been conducted to evaluate their use in autoimmune disorders. Based on immunological investigations, previous studies have suggested that granulomatous meningoencephalomyelitis (GME) and necrotizing encephalomyelitis (NE) are similar to multiple sclerosis (MS), which is a human autoimmune demyelinating central nervous system disease. Objectives Considering this perspective, we hypothesized that canine GME and NE have significant expression of one or more TKs, which are associated with human MS pathogenesis. Methods To determine the possible use of conventional multi‐targeted TKIs as a treatment for canine GME and NE, we characterized the immunohistochemical expression of platelet‐derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR)‐α, PDGFR‐ß, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)‐2, c‐Abl and c‐Kit in GME and NE samples. Results Histological samples from four dogs with GME and three with NE were retrieved. All samples stained positive for PDGFR‐ß (7/7 [100%]). PDGFR‐α and c‐Kit were expressed in 3/7 (42.8%) samples each. c‐Abl was identified in 2/7 (28.5%) samples; no sample showed VEGFR‐2 (0%) expression. Co‐expression of TKs was identified in 6/7 (85.7%) dogs. Conclusions All samples were positive for at least one or more of PDGFR‐α, PDGFR‐ß, c‐Kit and c‐Abl, which are known as the target TKs of conventional multi‐targeted TKIs. Their presence does suggest that these TKs may play a role in the pathogenesis of GME and NE. Therefore, multi‐targeted TKIs may provide benefits in the treatment of canine GME and NE by suppressing the activity of these TKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joong-Hyun Song
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Hyeon Yu
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Sung Hwang
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Joon Seung
- Department of Pathobiology, Small Animal Tumor Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hyang Sur
- Department of Pathobiology, Small Animal Tumor Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Joo Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, 91766-1854, USA
| | - Dong-In Jung
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
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37
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Rogez B, Pascal Q, Bobillier A, Machuron F, Toillon RA, Tierny D, Chopin V, Le Bourhis X. Expression and Prognostic Significance of Neurotrophins and Their Receptors in Canine Mammary Tumors. Vet Pathol 2020; 57:507-519. [PMID: 32351171 DOI: 10.1177/0300985820921813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating data highlight the role of neurotrophins and their receptors in human breast cancer. This family includes nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), both synthetized as proneurotrophins (proNGF and proBDNF). (pro)NGF and (pro)BDNF initiate their biological effects by binding to both their specific receptors TrkA and TrkB, respectively, and the common receptor p75NTR. Currently, no data are available about their expression and potential role in canine mammary tumors. The aim of this study was to investigate expression of proNGF and BDNF as well as their receptors TrkA, TrkB, and p75NTR in canine mammary carcinomas, and to correlate them with clinicopathological parameters (grade, histological type, lymph node status, recurrence, and distant metastasis) and survival. Immunohistochemistry was performed on serial sections of 96 canine mammary carcinomas with antibodies against proNGF, BDNF, TrkA, TrkB, and p75NTR. Of the 96 carcinomas, proNGF expression was detected in 71 (74%), BDNF in 79 (82%), TrkA in 94 (98%), TrkB in 35 (37%), and p75NTR in 44 (46%). No association was observed between proNGF, BDNF, or TrkA expression and either clinicopathological parameters or survival. TrkB and p75NTR expression were associated with favorable clinicopathological parameters as well as better overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette Rogez
- University of Lille, INSERM U908 "Cell Plasticity and Cancer," Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.,OCR (Oncovet Clinical Research), Parc Eurasanté, Loos, France
| | - Quentin Pascal
- OCR (Oncovet Clinical Research), Parc Eurasanté, Loos, France
| | | | | | - Robert-Alain Toillon
- University of Lille, INSERM U908 "Cell Plasticity and Cancer," Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | | | - Valérie Chopin
- University of Lille, INSERM U908 "Cell Plasticity and Cancer," Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.,University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France.,Contributed equally to this work
| | - Xuefen Le Bourhis
- University of Lille, INSERM U908 "Cell Plasticity and Cancer," Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.,Contributed equally to this work
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38
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Yamazaki H, Tanaka T, Mie K, Nishida H, Miura N, Akiyoshi H. Assessment of postoperative adjuvant treatment using toceranib phosphate against adenocarcinoma in dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2020; 34:1272-1281. [PMID: 32267594 PMCID: PMC7255667 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Toceranib phosphate (TOC) could be made widely available for treating tumors in dogs if evidence shows that TOC inhibits recurrence after surgery. Objectives To investigate how postoperative adjuvant treatment with TOC modulates the tumor microenvironment (TME), by assessing effects on angiogenic activity, tumor‐infiltrating regulatory T cells (Tregs), and intratumoral hypoxia. Animals Ninety‐two client‐owned dogs were included: 28 with apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma, 24 with small intestinal adenocarcinoma, 22 with lung adenocarcinoma, and 18 with renal cell carcinoma. Methods Retrospective, multicenter study comparing time to progression (TTP) between 42 dogs treated by surgery and TOC and 50 dogs treated by surgery alone. Differences were analyzed in the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor‐2 (VEGFR2) and the number of Foxp3+ Tregs and hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF)‐1α+ cells in tumor tissues sampled at the first and second (recurrence) surgeries. Results Median TTP for dogs treated by surgery and TOC (360 days) was higher than that for dogs treated by surgery alone (298 days; hazard ratio, 0.82; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.65‐0.96; P = .02). In dogs treated by surgery and TOC, VEGFR2 expression and the number of Tregs and HIF‐1α+ cells were significantly lower in tissues sampled at the second surgery than in those sampled after the first surgery. In dogs treated by surgery alone, significant differences were found between samples from the 2 surgeries. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Toceranib phosphate could prove to be a useful postoperative adjuvant treatment because of its modulation of the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Yamazaki
- Veterinary Medical Center, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan.,Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-oraikita, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Tanaka
- Veterinary Medical Center, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan.,Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-oraikita, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Mie
- Veterinary Medical Center, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan.,Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-oraikita, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Nishida
- Veterinary Medical Center, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan.,Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-oraikita, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoki Miura
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hideo Akiyoshi
- Veterinary Medical Center, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan.,Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-oraikita, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
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39
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Takagi S, Yamazaki H, Izumi Y, Hanazono K, Hoshino Y, Hosoya K. Assessment of tumor enhancement by contrast-enhanced CT in solid tumor-bearing dogs treated with toceranib phosphate. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2020; 61:427-434. [PMID: 32162400 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) has been used to indirectly assess the antiangiogenic effects demonstrated by a number of tyrosine kinase inhibitors. This retrospective, cross-sectional study aimed to quantitatively evaluate changes in tumor contrast-enhancement (CE) using CECT in solid tumor-bearing dogs treated with toceranib phosphate (TOC). The changes in tumor size and CE were measured using the Hounsfield unit (HU) scale in CECT images before TOC treatment and between 30 and 90 days after initiating the treatment. Among the 36 dogs treated with TOC, eight (22.2%) showed a partial response, 22 (61.1%) showed stable disease, and six (16.7%) showed progressive disease. Thirty (83.3%) of 36 dogs showed a decrease in tumor CE (median: -20%, range: -1% to -48%) after initiating the treatment. The results indicated that tumor CE and size changes were observed in tumor-bearing dogs that were treated with TOC; however, tumor CE was not significantly correlated with tumor regression. We suggest that these results could serve as pilot data to evaluate the antiangiogenic effects associated with TOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Takagi
- Laboratory of Small Animal Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Fuchinobe, Chuoku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan.,Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yamazaki
- Veterinary Medical Center, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Rinku-oraikita, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Izumi
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kiwamu Hanazono
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.,Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Bunkyodai-Midorimachi, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yuki Hoshino
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.,Division of Small Animal Surgery, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Ueda, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Kenji Hosoya
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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40
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Ezzeldin E, Iqbal M, Herqash RN, ElNahhas T. Simultaneous quantitative determination of seven novel tyrosine kinase inhibitors in plasma by a validated UPLC-MS/MS method and its application to human microsomal metabolic stability study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1136:121851. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.121851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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41
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Sánchez-Céspedes R, Accornero P, Miretti S, Martignani E, Gattino F, Maniscalco L, Gola C, Iussich S, Martano M, Morello E, Buracco P, Aresu L, Maria RD. In vitro and in vivo effects of toceranib phosphate on canine osteosarcoma cell lines and xenograft orthotopic models. Vet Comp Oncol 2019; 18:117-127. [PMID: 31816142 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Canine osteosarcoma (OSA) is the most common primary malignant bone tumour in dogs, and it has a high metastatic rate and poor prognosis. Toceranib phosphate (TOC; Palladia, Zoetis) is a veterinary tyrosine kinase inhibitor that selectively inhibits VEGFR-2, PDGFRs and c-Kit, but its efficacy is not yet fully understood in the treatment of canine OSA. Here, we evaluated the functional effects of TOC on six OSA cell lines by transwell, wound healing and colony formation assays. Subsequently, two cell lines (Wall and Penny) were selected and were inoculated in mice by intrafemoral injection to develop an orthotopic xenograft model of canine OSA. For each cell line, 30 mice were xenografted; half of them were used as controls, and the other half were treated with TOC at 40 mg/kg body weight for 20 days. TOC inhibited cell growth of all cell lines, but reduced invasion and migration was only observed in Penny and Wall cell lines. In mice engrafted with Penny cells and subjected to TOC treatment, decreased tumour growth was observed, and PDGFRs and c-Kit mRNA were downregulated. Immunohistochemical analyses demonstrated a significant reduction of Ki67 staining in treated mice when compared to controls. The results obtained here demonstrate that TOC is able to slightly inhibit cell growth in vitro, while its effect is evident only in a Penny cell xenograft model, in which TOC significantly reduced tumour size and the Ki67 index without modifying apoptosis markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Sánchez-Céspedes
- Department of Comparative Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Paolo Accornero
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Silvia Miretti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Eugenio Martignani
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Francesca Gattino
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Lorella Maniscalco
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Cecilia Gola
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Selina Iussich
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Marina Martano
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Emanuela Morello
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Paolo Buracco
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Luca Aresu
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Raffaella De Maria
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
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42
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Brocca G, Ferraresso S, Zamboni C, Martinez-Merlo EM, Ferro S, Goldschmidt MH, Castagnaro M. Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization Analysis Reveals Significantly Enriched Pathways in Canine Oral Melanoma. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1397. [PMID: 31921654 PMCID: PMC6920211 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Mucosal Melanoma (hMM) is an aggressive neoplasm of neuroectodermal origin with distinctive features from the more common cutaneous form of malignant melanoma (cMM). At the molecular level, hMMs are characterized by large chromosomal aberrations rather than single-nucleotide mutations, typically observed in cMM. Given the scarcity of available cases, there have been many attempts to establish a reliable animal model. In pet dogs, Canine Oral Melanoma (COM) is the most common malignant tumor of the oral cavity, sharing clinical and histological aspects with hMM. To improve the knowledge about COM's genomic DNA alterations, in the present work, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples of COM from different European archives were collected to set up an array Comparative Genomic Hybridization (aCGH) analysis to estimate recurrent Copy Number Aberrations (CNAs). DNA was extracted in parallel from tumor and healthy fractions and 19 specimens were successfully submitted to labeling and competitive hybridization. Data were statistically analyzed through GISTIC2.0 and a pathway-enrichment analysis was performed with ClueGO. Recurrent gained regions were detected, affecting chromosomes CFA 10, 13 and 30, while lost regions involved chromosomes CFA 10, 11, 22, and 30. In particular, CFA 13 showed a whole-chromosome gain in 37% of the samples, while CFA 22 showed a whole-chromosome loss in 25%. A distinctive sigmoidal trend was observed in CFA 10 and 30 in 25 and 30% of the samples, respectively. Comparative analysis revealed that COM and hMM share common chromosomal changes in 32 regions. MAPK- and PI3K-related genes were the most frequently involved, while pathway analysis revealed statistically significant perturbation of cancer-related biological processes such as immune response, drug metabolism, melanocytes homeostasis, and neo-angiogenesis. The latter is a new evidence of a significant involvement of neovascularization-related pathways in COMs and can provide the rationale for future application in anti-cancer targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginevra Brocca
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Serena Ferraresso
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Clarissa Zamboni
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Ferro
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Michael H Goldschmidt
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Massimo Castagnaro
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
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43
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Borgatti A, Dickerson EB, Lawrence J. Emerging therapeutic approaches for canine sarcomas: Pushing the boundaries beyond the conventional. Vet Comp Oncol 2019; 18:9-24. [PMID: 31749286 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sarcomas represent a group of genomically chaotic, highly heterogenous tumours of mesenchymal origin with variable mutational load. Conventional therapy with surgery and radiation therapy is effective for managing small, low-grade sarcomas and remains the standard therapeutic approach. For advanced, high-grade, recurrent, or metastatic sarcomas, systemic chemotherapy provides minimal benefit, therefore, there is a drive to develop novel approaches. The discovery of "Coley's toxins" in the 19th century, and their use to stimulate the immune system supported the application of unconventional therapies for the treatment of sarcomas. While promising, this initial work was abandoned and treatment paradigm and disease course of sarcomas was largely unchanged for several decades. Exciting new therapies are currently changing treatment algorithms for advanced carcinomas and melanomas, and similar approaches are being applied to advance the field of sarcoma research. Recent discoveries in subtype-specific cancer biology and the identification of distinct molecular targets have led to the development of promising targeted strategies with remarkable potential to change the landscape of sarcoma therapy in dogs. The purpose of this review article is to describe the current standard of care and limitations as well as emerging approaches for sarcoma therapy that span many of the most active paradigms in oncologic research, including immunotherapies, checkpoint inhibitors, and drugs capable of cellular metabolic reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Borgatti
- Animal Cancer Care and Research (ACCR) Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota.,Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Clinical Investigation Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, St. Paul, Minnesota
| | - Erin B Dickerson
- Animal Cancer Care and Research (ACCR) Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota.,Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Jessica Lawrence
- Animal Cancer Care and Research (ACCR) Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota.,Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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44
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Tamlin VS, Bottema CDK, Peaston AE. Comparative aspects of mast cell neoplasia in animals and the role of KIT in prognosis and treatment. Vet Med Sci 2019; 6:3-18. [PMID: 31650704 PMCID: PMC7036313 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cell neoplasia clinical presentation and biological behaviour vary considerably across mammalian species, ranging from a solitary benign mass to an aggressive systemic malignancy. Mutations in the KIT Proto‐Oncogene Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (KIT) gene are common molecular abnormalities involved in mast cell tumorigenesis. KIT mutations often occur in dog, cat and human neoplastic mast cells and result in altered Kit protein structure and function. In dogs, certain KIT mutations are associated with more malignant and lethal disease. In contrast, KIT mutations in feline and human mast cell neoplasms are not correlated with prognosis, but are of value in diagnosis and treatment planning in humans. KIT genetic abnormalities have not been well investigated in other species, although aberrant cytoplasmic Kit protein staining detected in neoplasms of the ferret, horse and cow resembles aberrant Kit staining patterns detected in neoplastic mast cells of dogs, cats and humans. Mutations within KIT are classified as either regulatory‐type or enzymatic pocket‐type mutations according to their location within the KIT Proto‐Oncogene. Mutations within the enzymatic pocket domain confer tumour resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Hence, knowledge of tumour KIT mutation status adds valuable information for optimizing patient treatment strategies. The use of TKIs in combination with conventional chemotherapeutics has opened a new treatment avenue for patients unresponsive to existing drugs. This review highlights the similarities and differences of mast cell neoplasia in mammals with a special focus on the involvement of KIT in the canine and feline forms in comparison to human mast cell neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa S Tamlin
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
| | - Cynthia D K Bottema
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
| | - Anne E Peaston
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
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45
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Gamperl S, Stefanzl G, Peter B, Smiljkovic D, Bauer K, Willmann M, Valent P, Hadzijusufovic E. Effects of ibrutinib on proliferation and histamine release in canine neoplastic mast cells. Vet Comp Oncol 2019; 17:553-561. [PMID: 31286638 PMCID: PMC6900099 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor ibrutinib is effective in the treatment of human chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and mantle cell lymphoma. Recent data have shown that ibrutinib also blocks IgE-dependent activation and histamine release in human basophils (BAs) and mast cells (MCs). The aim of this study was to investigate whether BTK serves as a novel therapeutic target in canine mast cell tumours (MCTs). We evaluated the effects of ibrutinib on two canine MC lines, C2 and NI-1 and on primary MCs obtained from canine MCTs (n = 3). Using flow cytometry, we found that ibrutinib suppresses phosphorylation of BTK and of downstream STAT5 in both MC lines. In addition, ibrutinib decreased proliferation of neoplastic MCs, with IC50 values ranging between 0.1 and 1 μM in primary MCT cells and between 1 and 3 μM in C2 and NI-1 cells. In C2 cells, the combination "ibrutinib + midostaurin" produced synergistic growth-inhibitory effects. At higher concentrations, ibrutinib also induced apoptosis in both MC lines. Finally, ibrutinib was found to suppress IgE-dependent histamine release in primary MCT cells, with IC50 values ranging from 0.05 to 0.1 μM in NI-1 cells, and from 0.05 to 1 μM in primary MCT cells. In summary, ibrutinib exerts anti-proliferative effects in canine neoplastic MCs and counteracts IgE-dependent histamine release in these cells. Based on our data, ibrutinib may be considered as a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of canine MCT. The value of BTK inhibition in canine MCT patients remains to be elucidated in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Gamperl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabriele Stefanzl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Peter
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dubravka Smiljkovic
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Bauer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Willmann
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department/Hospital for Companion Animals and Horses, University Clinic for Small Animals, Internal Medicine Small Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Valent
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Emir Hadzijusufovic
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department/Hospital for Companion Animals and Horses, University Clinic for Small Animals, Internal Medicine Small Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
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46
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Laforgia M, Marech I, Nardulli P, Calabrò C, Gadaleta CD, Ranieri G. An evaluation of masitinib for treating systemic mastocytosis. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2019; 20:1539-1550. [PMID: 31381378 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2019.1645121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Systemic Mastocytosis (SM) is a complex family of rare diseases, against which pharmacological therapies are still very few. It is a c-kit driven disease, whose disregulation leads to uncontrolled activation and proliferation of mast cells (MCs) with consequent release of effector molecules which are responsible for its clinical manifestations. Areas covered: Masitinib is a relatively new potential drug against SM and its chemical structure strictly derives from imatinib, the first tyrosine kinase inhibitor which entered the pharmaceutical market about 15 years ago. In this review, the authors present masitinib in all its properties, from chemistry to pharmacology and toxicity to its potential clinical application in SM, focusing the discussion on the few clinical trials in which it has been involved, with a particular attention on the still open challenge to determine how to measure the response to therapy. Expert opinion: In spite of their similarity in chemistry and biological activity against submolecular targets, masitinib is much more selective towards c-kit receptors than other tyrosine kinases, such as Bcl-Abl. Furthermore, its ability to inhibit degranulation, cytokine production and MCs migration from bone marrow gives it a great chance to become an important therapeutic option for selected SM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilaria Marech
- Interventional and Medical Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "G. Paolo II" , Bari , Italy
| | | | - Concetta Calabrò
- Pharmacy Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "G. Paolo II" , Bari , Italy
| | - Cosimo Damiano Gadaleta
- Interventional and Medical Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "G. Paolo II" , Bari , Italy
| | - Girolamo Ranieri
- Interventional and Medical Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "G. Paolo II" , Bari , Italy
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47
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Rushton JG, Korb M, Kummer S, Reichart U, Fuchs-Baumgartinger A, Tichy A, Nell B. Protein expression of KIT, BRAF, GNA11, GNAQ and RASSF1 in feline diffuse iris melanomas. Vet J 2019; 249:33-40. [PMID: 31239162 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Feline iris melanoma, the most common feline intraocular tumour, has a reported metastatic rate of 19-63%. However, there is a lack of knowledge about its molecular biology. Previous studies have reported that feline iris melanomas do not harbour mutations comparable to common mutations found in their human counterpart. Nevertheless, there are differences in the gene expression patterns. The aim of this study was to investigate the protein expression of B-RAF oncogene serine/threonine kinase (BRAF), G protein subunit alpha q (GNAQ) and 11 (GNA11), KIT proto-oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase (KIT), and Ras association family member 1 (RASSF1) in feline iris melanomas. Fifty-seven formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) iris melanomas and 25 FFPE eyes without ocular abnormalities were stained with antibodies against the respective proteins using immunofluorescence. Averaged pixel intensities/μm2 and percentage of stained area from total tissue area were measured and the results were compared. Compared to the control group, iris melanomas showed overexpression of BRAF, GNAQ, GNA11 and KIT. The higher expression of BRAF, GNAQ, GNA11 and KIT in feline iris melanomas suggest that these proteins may play a key role in the development of feline iris melanomas and KIT may present a possible target for future therapies in cats with feline iris melanomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Rushton
- Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Vetmeduni Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
| | - M Korb
- VetCore Facility for Research, Vetmeduni Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - S Kummer
- VetCore Facility for Research, Vetmeduni Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - U Reichart
- VetCore Facility for Research, Vetmeduni Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - A Fuchs-Baumgartinger
- Department of Pathobiology, Vetmeduni Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - A Tichy
- Department of Biomedical Science, Vetmeduni Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - B Nell
- Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Vetmeduni Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
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48
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Mealey KL, Martinez SE, Villarino NF, Court MH. Personalized medicine: going to the dogs? Hum Genet 2019; 138:467-481. [PMID: 31032534 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-019-02020-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Interindividual variation in drug response occurs in canine patients just as it does in human patients. Although canine pharmacogenetics still lags behind human pharmacogenetics, significant life-saving discoveries in the field have been made over the last 20 years, but much remains to be done. This article summarizes the available published data about the presence and impact of genetic polymorphisms on canine drug transporters, drug-metabolizing enzymes, drug receptors/targets, and plasma protein binding while comparing them to their human counterparts when applicable. In addition, precision medicine in cancer treatment as an application of canine pharmacogenetics and pertinent considerations for canine pharmacogenetics testing is reviewed. The field is poised to transition from single pharmacogene-based studies, pharmacogenetics, to pharmacogenomic-based studies to enhance our understanding of interindividual variation of drug response in dogs. Advances made in the field of canine pharmacogenetics will not only improve the health and well-being of dogs and dog breeds, but may provide insight into individual drug efficacy and toxicity in human patients as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina L Mealey
- Program in Individualized Medicine (PrIMe), Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99163, USA.
| | - Stephanie E Martinez
- Program in Individualized Medicine (PrIMe), Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99163, USA
| | - Nicolas F Villarino
- Program in Individualized Medicine (PrIMe), Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99163, USA
| | - Michael H Court
- Program in Individualized Medicine (PrIMe), Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99163, USA
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49
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Alfaleh MA, Arora N, Yeh M, de Bakker CJ, Howard CB, Macpherson P, Allavena RE, Chen X, Harkness L, Mahler SM, Jones ML. Canine CD117-Specific Antibodies with Diverse Binding Properties Isolated from a Phage Display Library Using Cell-Based Biopanning. Antibodies (Basel) 2019; 8:E15. [PMID: 31544821 PMCID: PMC6640692 DOI: 10.3390/antib8010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
CD117 (c-Kit) is a tyrosine kinase receptor that is overexpressed in multiple dog tumors. There is 100% homology between the juxtamembrane domain of human and canine CD117, and many cancer-causing mutations occur in this region in both species. Thus, CD117 is an important target for cancer treatment in dogs and for comparative oncology studies. Currently, there is no monoclonal antibody (mAb) specifically designed to target the exposed region of canine CD117, although there exist some with species cross-reactivity. We panned a naïve phage display library to isolate antibodies against recombinant CD117 on whole cells. Several mAbs were isolated and were shown to bind recombinant canine CD117 at low- to sub-nanomolar affinity. Additionally, binding to native canine CD117 was confirmed by immunohistochemistry and by flow cytometry. Competitive binding assays also identified mAbs that competed with the CD117 receptor-specific ligand, the stem cell factor (SCF). These results show the ability of our cell-based biopanning strategy to isolate a panel of antibodies that have varied characteristics when used in different binding assays. These in vitro/ex vivo assessments suggest that some of the isolated mAbs might be promising candidates for targeting overexpressed CD117 in canine cancers for different useful applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Alfaleh
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center (KFMRC), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Neetika Arora
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Michael Yeh
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Christopher J de Bakker
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Christopher B Howard
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Philip Macpherson
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia.
| | - Rachel E Allavena
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia.
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Linda Harkness
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Stephen M Mahler
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Martina L Jones
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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50
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Musser ML, Taikowski KL, Johannes CM, Bergman PJ. Retrospective evaluation of toceranib phosphate (Palladia®) use in the treatment of inoperable, metastatic, or recurrent canine pheochromocytomas: 5 dogs (2014-2017). BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:272. [PMID: 30176869 PMCID: PMC6122699 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1597-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effective treatment options for inoperable, metastatic, or recurrent canine pheochromocytomas are lacking. In humans, specific germline mutations exist that drive the development of pheochromocytomas. Pharmaceutical blockade of these abnormalities with small molecule inhibitors are an effective treatment strategy. Similar mutations may exist in the dog, and thus, treatment with similar small molecule inhibitors may provide a survival advantage. The purpose of this study was to assess the role of toceranib phosphate in the treatment of inoperable, metastatic, or recurrent canine pheochromocytomas. RESULTS Retrospectively, medical records of dogs that had a diagnosis or suspect diagnosis of a pheochromocytoma were reviewed for information regarding response to toceranib phosphate and overall outcome. Five dogs were identified that fit the inclusion criteria. All five experienced clinical benefit (1 partial response, 4 stable disease). Progression-free interval (PFI) for the dog with the partial response was 61 weeks. PFI for the two dogs with stable measurable disease were 36 weeks and 28 weeks. PFI in the two dogs with stable metastatic disease were at least 11 weeks and 18 weeks. CONCLUSIONS Based on this limited series of dogs, the results suggest that toceranib may have biological activity in dogs with primary and metastatic pheochromocytomas. Larger studies are needed to define the use and response to toceranib in dogs with gross, microscopic, and metastatic pheochromocytoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret L. Musser
- VCA Veterinary Referral and Emergency Center, Norwalk, CT USA
- Present address: Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA USA
| | - Kathryn L. Taikowski
- VCA Veterinary Referral and Emergency Center, Norwalk, CT USA
- Present address: Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Chad M. Johannes
- Present address: Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA USA
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