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Fareed MM, Khalid H, Khalid S, Shityakov S. Deciphering Molecular Mechanisms of Carbon Tetrachloride- Induced Hepatotoxicity: A Brief Systematic Review. Curr Mol Med 2024; 24:1124-1134. [PMID: 37818557 DOI: 10.2174/0115665240257603230919103539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
The liver plays a critical role in metabolic processes, making it vulnerable to injury. Researchers often study carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity in model organisms because it closely resembles human liver damage. This toxicity occurs due to the activation of various cytochromes, including CYP2E1, CYP2B1, CYP2B2, and possibly CYP3A, which produce the trichloromethyl radical (CCl3*). CCl3* can attach to biological molecules such as lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, impairing lipid metabolism and leading to fatty degeneration. It can also combine with DNA to initiate hepatic carcinogenesis. When exposed to oxygen, CCl3* generates more reactive CCl3OO*, which leads to lipid peroxidation and membrane damage. At the molecular level, CCl4 induces the release of several inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α and NO, which can either help or harm hepatotoxicity through cellular apoptosis. TGF-β contributes to fibrogenesis, while IL-6 and IL-10 aid in recovery by minimizing anti-apoptotic activity and directing cells toward regeneration. To prevent liver damage, different interventions can be employed, such as antioxidants, mitogenic agents, and the maintenance of calcium sequestration. Drugs that prevent CCl4- induced cytotoxicity and proliferation or enhance CYP450 activity may offer a protective response against hepatic carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Mazhar Fareed
- School of Science and Engineering, Department of Computer Science, Università degli Studi di Verona, Verona, Italy
- Laboratorio di Bioinformatica Applicata, Department of Biotechnology, Università degli Studi di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Hina Khalid
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sana Khalid
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Sergey Shityakov
- Laboratory of Chemoinformatics, Infochemistry Scientific Center, ITMO University, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
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2
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Borrello MT, Mann D. Chronic liver diseases: From development to novel pharmacological therapies: IUPHAR Review 37. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:2880-2897. [PMID: 35393658 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver diseases comprise a broad spectrum of burdensome diseases that still lack effective pharmacological therapies. Our research group focuses on fibrosis, which is a major precursor of liver cirrhosis. Fibrosis consists in a progressive disturbance of liver sinusoidal architecture characterised by connective tissue deposition as a reparative response to tissue injury. Multifactorial events and several types of cells participate in fibrosis initiation and progression, and the process still needs to be completely understood. The development of experimental models of liver fibrosis alongside the identification of critical factors progressing fibrosis to cirrhosis will facilitate the development of more effective therapeutic approaches for such condition. This review provides an overlook of the main process leading to hepatic fibrosis and therapeutic approaches that have emerged from a deep knowledge of the molecular regulation of fibrogenesis in the liver. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Translational Advances in Fibrosis as a Therapeutic Target. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v180.22/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Borrello
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Derek Mann
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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3
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Beil J, Perner J, Pfaller L, Gérard MA, Piaia A, Doelemeyer A, Wasserkrug Naor A, Martin L, Piequet A, Dubost V, Chibout SD, Moggs J, Terranova R. Unaltered hepatic wound healing response in male rats with ancestral liver injury. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6353. [PMID: 37816736 PMCID: PMC10564731 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41998-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The possibility that ancestral environmental exposure could result in adaptive inherited effects in mammals has been long debated. Numerous rodent models of transgenerational responses to various environmental factors have been published but due to technical, operational and resource burden, most still await independent confirmation. A previous study reported multigenerational epigenetic adaptation of the hepatic wound healing response upon exposure to the hepatotoxicant carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in male rats. Here, we comprehensively investigate the transgenerational effects by repeating the original CCl4 multigenerational study with increased power, pedigree tracing, F2 dose-response and suitable randomization schemes. Detailed pathology evaluations do not support adaptive phenotypic suppression of the hepatic wound healing response or a greater fitness of F2 animals with ancestral liver injury exposure. However, transcriptomic analyses identified genes whose expression correlates with ancestral liver injury, although the biological relevance of this apparent transgenerational transmission at the molecular level remains to be determined. This work overall highlights the need for independent evaluation of transgenerational epigenetic inheritance paradigms in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Beil
- Novartis, Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Lena Pfaller
- Novartis, Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - Lori Martin
- Novartis, Biomedical Research, East-Hanover, NJ, USA
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4
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Mahli A, Thasler WE, Biendl M, Hellerbrand C. Hop-derived Humulinones Reveal Protective Effects in in vitro Models of Hepatic Steatosis, Inflammation and Fibrosis. PLANTA MEDICA 2023; 89:1138-1146. [PMID: 37343573 DOI: 10.1055/a-2103-3230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is emerging as leading cause of liver disease worldwide. Specific pharmacologic therapy for NAFLD is a major unmet medical need. Recently, iso-alpha acids, hop-derived bitter compounds in beer, have been shown to beneficially affect NAFLD pathology. Humulinones are further hop derived bitter acids particularly found in modern styles of beer. So far, biological effects of humulinones have been unknown. Here, we investigated the effect of humulinones in in vitro models for hepatic steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis. Humulinones dose-dependently inhibited fatty acid induced lipid accumulation in primary human hepatocytes. Humulinones reduced the expression of fatty acid uptake transporter CD36 and key enzymes of (de novo) lipid synthesis. Conversely, humulinones increased the expression of FABP1, CPT1 and ACOX1, indicative for increased lipid combustion. Furthermore, humulinones ameliorated steatosis induced pro-inflammatory gene expression. Furthermore, humulinones significantly reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrogenic factors in control as well as lipopolysaccharide treated activated hepatic stellate cells, which play a key role in hepatic fibrosis. In conclusion, humulinones beneficially affect different pathophysiological steps of NAFLD. Our data suggest humulinones as promising therapeutic agents for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdo Mahli
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan
| | - Wolfgang E Thasler
- Human Tissue and Cell Research-Services GmbH, Planegg/Martinsried, Germany
| | - Martin Biendl
- Hopsteiner, Hallertauer Hopfenveredelung GmbH, Mainburg, Germany
| | - Claus Hellerbrand
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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5
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Rozen EJ, Ozeroff CD, Allen MA. RUN(X) out of blood: emerging RUNX1 functions beyond hematopoiesis and links to Down syndrome. Hum Genomics 2023; 17:83. [PMID: 37670378 PMCID: PMC10481493 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-023-00531-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND RUNX1 is a transcription factor and a master regulator for the specification of the hematopoietic lineage during embryogenesis and postnatal megakaryopoiesis. Mutations and rearrangements on RUNX1 are key drivers of hematological malignancies. In humans, this gene is localized to the 'Down syndrome critical region' of chromosome 21, triplication of which is necessary and sufficient for most phenotypes that characterize Trisomy 21. MAIN BODY Individuals with Down syndrome show a higher predisposition to leukemias. Hence, RUNX1 overexpression was initially proposed as a critical player on Down syndrome-associated leukemogenesis. Less is known about the functions of RUNX1 in other tissues and organs, although growing reports show important implications in development or homeostasis of neural tissues, muscle, heart, bone, ovary, or the endothelium, among others. Even less is understood about the consequences on these tissues of RUNX1 gene dosage alterations in the context of Down syndrome. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on RUNX1 activities outside blood/leukemia, while suggesting for the first time their potential relation to specific Trisomy 21 co-occurring conditions. CONCLUSION Our concise review on the emerging RUNX1 roles in different tissues outside the hematopoietic context provides a number of well-funded hypotheses that will open new research avenues toward a better understanding of RUNX1-mediated transcription in health and disease, contributing to novel potential diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for Down syndrome-associated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban J Rozen
- Crnic Institute Boulder Branch, BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, 3415 Colorado Ave., Boulder, CO, 80303, USA.
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Christopher D Ozeroff
- Crnic Institute Boulder Branch, BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, 3415 Colorado Ave., Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, 1945 Colorado Ave., Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Mary Ann Allen
- Crnic Institute Boulder Branch, BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, 3415 Colorado Ave., Boulder, CO, 80303, USA.
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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Li Y, Guha C, Asp P, Wang X, Tchaikovskya TL, Kim K, Mendel M, Cost GJ, Perlmutter DH, Roy-Chowdhury N, Fox IJ, Conway A, Roy-Chowdhury J. Resolution of hepatic fibrosis after ZFN-mediated gene editing in the PiZ mouse model of human α1-antitrypsin deficiency. Hepatol Commun 2023; 7:e0070. [PMID: 36848094 PMCID: PMC9974076 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND α1-antitrypsin deficiency is most commonly caused by a mutation in exon-7 of SERPINA1 (SA1-ATZ), resulting in hepatocellular accumulation of a misfolded variant (ATZ). Human SA1-ATZ-transgenic (PiZ) mice exhibit hepatocellular ATZ accumulation and liver fibrosis. We hypothesized that disrupting the SA1-ATZ transgene in PiZ mice by in vivo genome editing would confer a proliferative advantage to the genome-edited hepatocytes, enabling them to repopulate the liver. METHODS To create a targeted DNA break in exon-7 of the SA1-ATZ transgene, we generated 2 recombinant adeno-associated viruses (rAAV) expressing a zinc-finger nuclease pair (rAAV-ZFN), and another rAAV for gene correction by targeted insertion (rAAV-TI). PiZ mice were injected i.v. with rAAV-TI alone or the rAAV-ZFNs at a low (7.5×1010vg/mouse, LD) or a high dose (1.5×1011vg/mouse, HD), with or without rAAV-TI. Two weeks and 6 months after treatment, livers were harvested for molecular, histological, and biochemical analyses. RESULTS Two weeks after treatment, deep sequencing of the hepatic SA1-ATZ transgene pool showed 6%±3% or 15%±4% nonhomologous end joining in mice receiving LD or HD rAAV-ZFN, respectively, which increased to 36%±12% and 36%±12%, respectively, 6 months after treatment. Two weeks postinjection of rAAV-TI with LD or HD of rAAV-ZFN, repair by targeted insertion occurred in 0.10%±0.09% and 0.25%±0.14% of SA1-ATZ transgenes, respectively, which increased to 5.2%±5.0% and 33%±13%, respectively, 6 months after treatment. Six months after rAAV-ZFN administration, there was a marked clearance of ATZ globules from hepatocytes, and resolution of liver fibrosis, along with reduction of hepatic TAZ/WWTR1, hedgehog ligands, Gli2, a TIMP, and collagen content. CONCLUSIONS ZFN-mediated SA1-ATZ transgene disruption provides a proliferative advantage to ATZ-depleted hepatocytes, enabling them to repopulate the liver and reverse hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Li
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Chandan Guha
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Patrik Asp
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tatyana L. Tchaikovskya
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kenneth Kim
- Sangamo Therapeutics, Richmond, California, USA
| | | | | | - David H. Perlmutter
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Namita Roy-Chowdhury
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ira J. Fox
- Department of Surgery, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Jayanta Roy-Chowdhury
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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7
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Abouelezz HM, Shehatou GS, Shebl AM, Salem HA. A standardized pomegranate fruit extract ameliorates thioacetamide-induced liver fibrosis in rats via AGE-RAGE-ROS signaling. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14256. [PMID: 36938469 PMCID: PMC10015255 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This work aimed to investigate a possible mechanism that may mediate the hepatoprotective effects of pomegranate fruit extract (PFE) against thioacetamide (THIO)-induced liver fibrosis in rats. Male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly allocated into four groups (n = 8 each): control; PFE (150 mg/kg/day, orally); THIO (200 mg/kg, i.p, 3 times a week); and THIO and PFE-treated groups. Oral PFE treatment decreased liver/body weight ratio by 12.4%, diminished serum function levels of ALT, AST, ALP, LDH, and total bilirubin, increased serum albumin, boosted hepatic GSH (by 35.6%) and SOD (by 17.5%), and significantly reduced hepatic levels of ROS, MDA, 4-HNE, AGEs, and RAGE in THIO-fibrotic rats relative to untreated THIO group. Moreover, PFE administration downregulated the hepatic levels of profibrotic TGF-β1 (by 23.0%, P < 0.001) and TIMP-1 (by 41.5%, P < 0.001), attenuated α-SMA protein expression, decreased serum HA levels (by 41.3%), and reduced the hepatic levels of the fibrosis markers hydroxyproline (by 26.0%, P < 0.001), collagen type IV (by 44.3%, P < 0.001) and laminin (by 43.4%, P < 0.001) compared to the untreated THIO group. The histopathological examination has corroborated these findings, where PFE decreased hepatic nodule incidence, attenuated portal necroinflammation and reduced extent of fibrosis. These findings may suggest that oral PFE administration could slow the progression of hepatic fibrogenesis via reducing hepatic levels of AGEs, RAGE, ROS, TGF-β1, and TIMP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeer M. Abouelezz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Corresponding author.
| | - George S.G. Shehatou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa City, Egypt
| | - Abdelhadi M. Shebl
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hatem A. Salem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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8
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Shu J, Shi J, Gu Y, Deng L, Zhao C, Wu C, Zhao J, Wang H, Jin L. Levocarnitine regulates the growth of angiotensin II-induced myocardial fibrosis cells via TIMP-1. Open Life Sci 2023; 18:20220554. [PMID: 36816804 PMCID: PMC9922061 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the effects of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) on levocarnitine (LC)-mediated regulation of angiotensin II (AngII)-induced myocardial fibrosis (MF) and its underlying mechanisms. H9C2 cells were treated with AngII for 24 h to induce fibrosis. The cells were then treated with LC or transfected with TIMP-1-OE plasmid/si‑TIMP-1. Cell apoptosis, viability, migration, and related gene expression were analyzed. AngII treatment significantly upregulated Axl, α-SMA, and MMP3 expression (P < 0.05) and downregulated STAT4 and TIMP1 expression (P < 0.05) relative to the control levels. After transfection, cells with TIMP-1 overexpression/knockdown were successfully established. Compared with that of the control, AngII significantly inhibited cell viability and cell migration while promoting cell apoptosis (P < 0.05). LC and TIMP-1-OE transfection further suppressed cell viability and migration induced by Ang II and upregulated apoptosis, whereas si-TIMP-1 had the opposite effect. Furthermore, LC and TIMP-1-OE transfection downregulated Axl, AT1R, α-SMA, collagen III, Bcl-2, and MMP3 expression caused by AngII and upregulated caspase 3, p53, and STAT4 expression, whereas si-TIMP-1 had the opposite effect. TIMP-1 is therefore a potential therapeutic target for delaying MF progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Shu
- Department of Gerontology, Shibei Hospital of Jing’an District, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Jue Shi
- Department of Gerontology, Shibei Hospital of Jing’an District, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Yiwen Gu
- Department of Gerontology, Shibei Hospital of Jing’an District, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Lei Deng
- Department of Gerontology, Shibei Hospital of Jing’an District, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Department of Gerontology, Shibei Hospital of Jing’an District, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Chun Wu
- Department of Gerontology, Shibei Hospital of Jing’an District, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Jiachen Zhao
- Department of Gerontology, Shibei Hospital of Jing’an District, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Haiya Wang
- Department of Gerontology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200023, China
| | - Li Jin
- Department of Gerontology, Shibei Hospital of Jing’an District, Shanghai, 200443, China
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9
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Yuan S, Guo D, Liang X, Zhang L, Zhang Q, Xie D. Relaxin in fibrotic ligament diseases: Its regulatory role and mechanism. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1131481. [PMID: 37123405 PMCID: PMC10134402 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1131481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrotic ligament diseases (FLDs) are diseases caused by the pathological accumulation of periarticular fibrotic tissue, leading to functional disability around joint and poor life quality. Relaxin (RLX) has been reported to be involved in the development of fibrotic lung and liver diseases. Previous studies have shown that RLX can block pro-fibrotic process by reducing the excess extracellular matrix (ECM) formation and accelerating collagen degradation in vitro and in vivo. Recent studies have shown that RLX can attenuate connective tissue fibrosis by suppressing TGF-β/Smads signaling pathways to inhibit the activation of myofibroblasts. However, the specific roles and mechanisms of RLX in FLDs remain unclear. Therefore, in this review, we confirmed the protective effect of RLX in FLDs and summarized its mechanism including cells, key cytokines and signaling pathways involved. In this article, we outline the potential therapeutic role of RLX and look forward to the application of RLX in the clinical translation of FLDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yuan
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong Guo
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinzhi Liang
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Luhui Zhang
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qun Zhang
- Good Clinical Practice Development, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Denghui Xie, ; Qun Zhang,
| | - Denghui Xie
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Denghui Xie, ; Qun Zhang,
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10
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Zhang Y, Gao H, Zhang Y, Shao YM, Zhang RH, Wen XY. Correlation between serum cytokines and clinicopathological features in patients with drug-induced liver injury. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1070802. [PMID: 36569295 PMCID: PMC9773069 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1070802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Changes in serum levels of cytokines have been proposed as possible biological markers of tissue damage, including drug-induced liver injury (DILI). Here, we aimed to screen cytokine markers that have guiding significance for the degree of inflammation of DILI. Patients and methods: 54 patients with DILI were retrospectively analyzed as the experimental group, and 14 healthy subjects were randomly selected as the control group. A total of 20 cytokines were detected by using a cytokine protein antibody chip, and differentially expressed proteins were screened. Results: There were significant differences in serum cytokines between DILI patients and healthy controls. Compared with the control group, the DILI group expressed 11 differential proteins. IL-8, TNF RII, TNFα, TNF RI, MIP-1β, MIP-1α, and IL-1β were differentially expressed in DILI patients with different degrees of inflammation from G1 to G4. MIG, IL-12p40, and IL-10 were differentially expressed in the higher degree of inflammation groups (G2, G3, and G4 groups). Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) was differentially expressed in the group with the highest inflammation degree (G4 group). Chemokine C-C motif ligand 1 (I-309) was only differentially expressed in the lowest inflammation group (G1 group). Conclusion: The changes and differential expression of specific cytokine levels were helpful for evaluating different degrees of inflammation of DILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Hepatology, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Hepatology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China,Center of Infectious Diseases and Pathogen Biology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yue-Ming Shao
- Department of Hepatology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Rui-Hua Zhang
- Department of Hepatology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China,Center of Infectious Diseases and Pathogen Biology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Wen
- Department of Hepatology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China,Center of Infectious Diseases and Pathogen Biology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China,*Correspondence: Xiao-Yu Wen,
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11
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Costain AH, Phythian-Adams AT, Colombo SAP, Marley AK, Owusu C, Cook PC, Brown SL, Webb LM, Lundie RJ, Smits HH, Berriman M, MacDonald AS. Dynamics of Host Immune Response Development During Schistosoma mansoni Infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:906338. [PMID: 35958580 PMCID: PMC9362740 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.906338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a disease of global significance, with severity and pathology directly related to how the host responds to infection. The immunological narrative of schistosomiasis has been constructed through decades of study, with researchers often focussing on isolated time points, cell types and tissue sites of interest. However, the field currently lacks a comprehensive and up-to-date understanding of the immune trajectory of schistosomiasis over infection and across multiple tissue sites. We have defined schistosome-elicited immune responses at several distinct stages of the parasite lifecycle, in three tissue sites affected by infection: the liver, spleen, and mesenteric lymph nodes. Additionally, by performing RNA-seq on the livers of schistosome infected mice, we have generated novel transcriptomic insight into the development of schistosome-associated liver pathology and fibrosis across the breadth of infection. Through depletion of CD11c+ cells during peak stages of schistosome-driven inflammation, we have revealed a critical role for CD11c+ cells in the co-ordination and regulation of Th2 inflammation during infection. Our data provide an updated and high-resolution account of how host immune responses evolve over the course of murine schistosomiasis, underscoring the significance of CD11c+ cells in dictating host immunopathology against this important helminth infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice H Costain
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Alexander T Phythian-Adams
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Stefano A P Colombo
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Angela K Marley
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Owusu
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Peter C Cook
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Sheila L Brown
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Lauren M Webb
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | | | - Hermelijn H Smits
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Matthew Berriman
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew S MacDonald
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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12
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Huang S, Wang Y, Xie S, Lai Y, Mo C, Zeng T, Kuang S, Zhou C, Zeng Z, Chen Y, Huang S, Gao L, Lv Z. Isoliquiritigenin alleviates liver fibrosis through caveolin-1-mediated hepatic stellate cells ferroptosis in zebrafish and mice. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 101:154117. [PMID: 35489326 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver fibrosis is a major disease that threatens people's health around the world. However, there is a lack of effective treatment to completely reverse liver fibrosis. Liver transplantation is currently the only curative option for patients with advanced cirrhosis. Ferroptosis is a newly discovered type of cell death and plays an important role in the process of liver fibrosis, but the specific mechanism needs to be clarified. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE To explore the regulatory mechanism of isoliquiritigenin (ISL) in the process of liver fibrosis and the relationship between Cav-1 and ferroptosis. METHODS In this research, zebrafish, HSC-T6 cells, and mice were used as the research object. Different ROS probes to visually detect the content and distribution of ROS in live zebrafish and cells. Lentivirus and siRNA-mediated transfection techniques were used for the construction of Cav-1 overexpression and knockdown cell lines to verify the important role of Cav-1 in vitro. RESULTS Generally, we first elucidated that ISL relieved liver fibrosis by inducing hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) ferroptosis through repressing GPX4 expression and increasing the expression of TFR and DMT1, thus producing a large number of ROS, we also found that Cav-1 exerted its anti-hepatic fibrosis effect by promoting HSCs ferroptosis. CONCLUSION Our results have shown that Cav-1-mediated HSCs ferroptosis is necessary for ISL to play an anti-fibrotic effect in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong,510515, China
| | - Yuhua Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong,510515, China
| | - Shuwen Xie
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong,510515, China
| | - Yuqi Lai
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong,510515, China
| | - Chan Mo
- Medical Laboratory of the Third affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518001, China
| | - Ting Zeng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong,510515, China
| | - Shanshan Kuang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong,510515, China
| | - Chuying Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong,510515, China
| | - Zhiyun Zeng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong,510515, China
| | - Yuyao Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong,510515, China
| | - Shaohui Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong,510515, China.
| | - Lei Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong,510515, China; The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Zhiping Lv
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong,510515, China.
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13
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Fleming Martinez AK, Döppler HR, Bastea LI, Edenfield BH, Liou GY, Storz P. Ym1 + macrophages orchestrate fibrosis, lesion growth, and progression during development of murine pancreatic cancer. iScience 2022; 25:104327. [PMID: 35602933 PMCID: PMC9118688 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Desmoplasia around pancreatic lesions is a barrier for immune cells and a hallmark of developing and established pancreatic cancer. However, the contribution of the innate immune system to this process is ill-defined. Using the KC mouse model and primary cells in vitro, we show that alternatively activated macrophages (AAM) crosstalk with pancreatic lesion cells and pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) to mediate fibrosis and progression of lesions. TGFβ1 secreted by AAM not only drives activation of quiescent PSCs but also in activated PSCs upregulates expression of TIMP1, a factor previously shown as crucial in fibrosis. Once activated, PSCs auto-stimulate proliferation via CXCL12. Furthermore, we found that TIMP1/CD63 signaling mediates PanIN lesion growth and TGFβ1 contributes to a cadherin switch and drives structural collapse of lesions, indicating a potential progression step. Taken together, our data indicate TGFβ1 produced by Ym1+ AAM as a major driver of processes that initiate the development of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heike R. Döppler
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Ligia I. Bastea
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Brandy H. Edenfield
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Geou-Yarh Liou
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA,Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Cancer Research & Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
| | - Peter Storz
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA,Corresponding author
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14
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A promising antifibrotic drug, pyridoxamine attenuates thioacetamide-induced liver fibrosis by combating oxidative stress, advanced glycation end products, and balancing matrix metalloproteinases. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 923:174910. [PMID: 35339478 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a common chronic hepatic disease. This study was done to examine the effect of pyridoxamine against thioacetamide-induced hepatic fibrosis. Animals were divided into four groups (1) control group; (2) Thioacetamide group (200 mg/kg, i.p.) twice a week for eight weeks; (3) Pyridoxamine-treated group treated with pyridoxamine (100 mg/kg/day, i.p.) for eight weeks; (4) Thioacetamide and pyridoxamine group, in which pyridoxamine was given (100 mg/kg/day, i.p.) during thioacetamide injections. Thioacetamide treatment resulted in hepatic dysfunction manifested by increased serum levels of bilirubin, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Oxidative stress was noted by increased hepatic lipid peroxidation and decreased glutathione (GSH). Increased concentrations of total nitrite/nitrate, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2&9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) were noticed in hepatic tissues. Immunostaining sections also revealed overexpression of MMP-2, MMP-9 and collagen IV. Liver fibrosis was confirmed by severe histopathological changes. Pyridoxamine improved the assessed parameters. Moreover, histopathological and immunohistological studies supported the ability of pyridoxamine to reduce liver fibrosis. The findings of the present study provide evidence that pyridoxamine is a novel target for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
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15
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Long non-coding RNA in Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Adv Clin Chem 2022; 110:1-35. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Yepmo M, Potier JB, Pinget M, Grabarz A, Bouzakri K, Dumond Bourie A. Discussing the role of circular RNA in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its complications. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1035159. [PMID: 36407314 PMCID: PMC9667057 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1035159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are class of non-coding RNA, which are characterized by a covalently closed loop structure. Functionally they can act on cellular physiology, notably by sponging microRNAs (miR), regulating gene expression or interacting with binding protein. To date, circRNAs might represent an interesting, underexploited avenue for new target discovery for therapeutic applications, especially in the liver. The first characteristic of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is hepatic cholesterol accumulation, followed by its advanced form of the affection, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), due to the occurrence of lobular inflammation, irreversible fibrosis, and in some cases hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Therefore, studies have investigated the importance of the dysregulation of circRNAs in the onset of metabolic disorders. In this review, we summarize the potential role of circRNAs in the development of metabolic diseases associated with the liver such as NAFLD or NASH, and their potential to become therapeutic strategies for these pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Yepmo
- Centre européen d’étude du Diabète, Unité Mixte de Recherche de l’Université de Strasbourg « Diabète et Thérapeutique », Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Potier
- Centre européen d’étude du Diabète, Unité Mixte de Recherche de l’Université de Strasbourg « Diabète et Thérapeutique », Strasbourg, France
- ILONOV, Strasbourg, France
| | - Michel Pinget
- Centre européen d’étude du Diabète, Unité Mixte de Recherche de l’Université de Strasbourg « Diabète et Thérapeutique », Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Karim Bouzakri
- Centre européen d’étude du Diabète, Unité Mixte de Recherche de l’Université de Strasbourg « Diabète et Thérapeutique », Strasbourg, France
- ILONOV, Strasbourg, France
| | - Aurore Dumond Bourie
- Centre européen d’étude du Diabète, Unité Mixte de Recherche de l’Université de Strasbourg « Diabète et Thérapeutique », Strasbourg, France
- *Correspondence: Aurore Dumond Bourie,
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17
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MOU WL, CHEN SR, WU ZT, HU LH, ZHANG JY, CHANG HJ, ZHOU H, LIU Y. LPS-TLR4/MD-2–TNF-α signaling mediates alcohol-induced liver fibrosis in rats. J Toxicol Pathol 2022; 35:193-203. [PMID: 35516842 PMCID: PMC9018403 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2021-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ling MOU
- Department of Gastroenterology, Heilongjiang Province Hospital, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Shi-ru CHEN
- Department of Gastroenterology, Heilongjiang Province Hospital, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Zhen-ting WU
- Department of Gastroenterology, Heilongjiang Province Hospital, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Li-hua HU
- Department of Gastroenterology, Heilongjiang Province Hospital, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Ji-ye ZHANG
- Department of Gastroenterology, Heilongjiang Province Hospital, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Hong-jie CHANG
- Department of Gastroenterology, Heilongjiang Province Hospital, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Hang ZHOU
- Department of Gastroenterology, Heilongjiang Province Hospital, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Ying LIU
- Department of Gastroenterology, Heilongjiang Province Hospital, Harbin 150000, China
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18
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Hu S, Russell JO, Liu S, Cao C, McGaughey J, Rai R, Kosar K, Tao J, Hurley E, Poddar M, Singh S, Bell A, Shin D, Raeman R, Singhi AD, Nejak-Bowen K, Ko S, Monga SP. β-Catenin-NF-κB-CFTR interactions in cholangiocytes regulate inflammation and fibrosis during ductular reaction. eLife 2021; 10:71310. [PMID: 34609282 PMCID: PMC8555990 DOI: 10.7554/elife.71310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Expansion of biliary epithelial cells (BECs) during ductular reaction (DR) is observed in liver diseases including cystic fibrosis (CF), and associated with inflammation and fibrosis, albeit without complete understanding of underlying mechanism. Using two different genetic mouse knockouts of β-catenin, one with β-catenin loss is hepatocytes and BECs (KO1), and another with loss in only hepatocytes (KO2), we demonstrate disparate long-term repair after an initial injury by 2-week choline-deficient ethionine-supplemented diet. KO2 show gradual liver repopulation with BEC-derived β-catenin-positive hepatocytes and resolution of injury. KO1 showed persistent loss of β-catenin, NF-κB activation in BECs, progressive DR and fibrosis, reminiscent of CF histology. We identify interactions of β-catenin, NFκB, and CF transmembranous conductance regulator (CFTR) in BECs. Loss of CFTR or β-catenin led to NF-κB activation, DR, and inflammation. Thus, we report a novel β-catenin-NFκB-CFTR interactome in BECs, and its disruption may contribute to hepatic pathology of CF. The liver has an incredible capacity to repair itself or ‘regenerate’ – that is, it has the ability to replace damaged tissue with new tissue. In order to do this, the organ relies on hepatocytes (the cells that form the liver) and bile duct cells (the cells that form the biliary ducts) dividing and transforming into each other to repair and replace damaged tissue, in case the insult is dire. During long-lasting or chronic liver injury, bile duct cells undergo a process called ‘ductular reaction’, which causes the cells to multiply and produce proteins that stimulate inflammation, and can lead to liver scarring (fibrosis). Ductular reaction is a hallmark of severe liver disease, and different diseases exhibit ductular reactions with distinct features. For example, in cystic fibrosis, a unique type of ductular reaction occurs at late stages, accompanied by both inflammation and fibrosis. Despite the role that ductular reaction plays in liver disease, it is not well understood how it works at the molecular level. Hu et al. set out to investigate how a protein called β-catenin – which can cause many types of cells to proliferate – is involved in ductular reaction. They used three types of mice for their experiments: wild-type mice, which were not genetically modified; and two strains of genetically modified mice. One of these mutant mice did not produce β-catenin in biliary duct cells, while the other lacked β-catenin both in biliary duct cells and in hepatocytes. After a short liver injury – which Hu et al. caused by feeding the mice a specific diet – the wild-type mice were able to regenerate and repair the liver without exhibiting any ductular reaction. The mutant mice that lacked β-catenin in hepatocytes showed a temporary ductular reaction, and ultimately repaired their livers by turning bile duct cells into hepatocytes. On the other hand, the mutant mice lacking β-catenin in both hepatocytes and bile duct cells displayed sustained ductular reactions, inflammation and fibrosis, which looked like that seen in patients with liver disease associated to cystic fibrosis. Further probing showed that β-catenin interacts with a protein called CTFR, which is involved in cystic fibrosis. When bile duct cells lack either of these proteins, another protein called NF-B gets activated, which causes the ductular reaction, leading to inflammation and fibrosis. The findings of Hu et al. shed light on the role of β-catenin in ductular reaction. Further, the results show a previously unknown interaction between β-catenin, CTFR and NF-B, which could lead to better treatments for cystic fibrosis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikai Hu
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Jacquelyn O Russell
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Silvia Liu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, United States.,Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Catherine Cao
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Jackson McGaughey
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Ravi Rai
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Karis Kosar
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Junyan Tao
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Edward Hurley
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Minakshi Poddar
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Sucha Singh
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Aaron Bell
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Donghun Shin
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, United States.,Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Reben Raeman
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, United States.,Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Aatur D Singhi
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, United States.,Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Kari Nejak-Bowen
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, United States.,Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Sungjin Ko
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, United States.,Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Satdarshan P Monga
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, United States.,Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, United States
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19
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Zhu B, Chan SL, Li J, Li K, Wu H, Cui K, Chen H. Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:742382. [PMID: 34557535 PMCID: PMC8452937 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.742382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been a rise in the prevalence of non-alcohol fatty liver disease (NAFLD) due to the popularity of western diets and sedentary lifestyles. One quarter of NAFLD patients is diagnosed with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), with histological evidence not only of fat accumulation in hepatocytes but also of liver cell injury and death due to long-term inflammation. Severe NASH patients have increased risks of cirrhosis and liver cancer. In this review, we discuss the pathogenesis and current methods of diagnosis for NASH, and current status of drug development for this life-threatening liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhu
- Department of Surgery, Vascular Biology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Siu-Lung Chan
- Department of Surgery, Vascular Biology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jack Li
- Department of Surgery, Vascular Biology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kathryn Li
- Department of Surgery, Vascular Biology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Surgery, Vascular Biology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kui Cui
- Department of Surgery, Vascular Biology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Surgery, Vascular Biology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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20
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Lee K, Yu H, Shouse S, Kong B, Lee J, Lee SH, Ko KS. RNA-Seq Reveals Different Gene Expression in Liver-Specific Prohibitin 1 Knock-Out Mice. Front Physiol 2021; 12:717911. [PMID: 34539442 PMCID: PMC8446661 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.717911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prohibitin 1 (PHB1) is an evolutionarily conserved and ubiquitously expressed protein that stabilizes mitochondrial chaperone. Our previous studies showed that liver-specific Phb1 deficiency induced liver injuries and aggravated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced innate immune responses. In this study, we performed RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis with liver tissues to investigate global gene expression among liver-specific Phb1−/−, Phb1+/−, and WT mice, focusing on the differentially expressed (DE) genes between Phb1+/− and WT. When 78 DE genes were analyzed for biological functions, using ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) tool, lipid metabolism-related genes, including insulin receptor (Insr), sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1 (Srebf1), Srebf2, and SREBP cleavage-activating protein (Scap) appeared to be downregulated in liver-specific Phb1+/− compared with WT. Diseases and biofunctions analyses conducted by IPA verified that hepatic system diseases, including liver fibrosis, liver hyperplasia/hyperproliferation, and liver necrosis/cell death, which may be caused by hepatotoxicity, were highly associated with liver-specific Phb1 deficiency in mice. Interestingly, of liver disease-related 5 DE genes between Phb1+/− and WT, the mRNA expressions of forkhead box M1 (Foxm1) and TIMP inhibitor of metalloproteinase (Timp1) were matched with validation for RNA-seq in liver tissues and AML12 cells transfected with Phb1 siRNA. The results in this study provide additional insights into molecular mechanisms responsible for increasing susceptibility of liver injuries associated with hepatic Phb1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyuwon Lee
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, College of Science and Industry Convergence, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeonju Yu
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, College of Science and Industry Convergence, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Stephanie Shouse
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Byungwhi Kong
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Jihye Lee
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Seong-Ho Lee
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Kwang Suk Ko
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, College of Science and Industry Convergence, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.,Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Beverly Hills, CA, United States
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21
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Du JJ, Sun JC, Li N, Li XQ, Sun WY, Wei W. β-Arrestin2 deficiency attenuates oxidative stress in mouse hepatic fibrosis through modulation of NOX4. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:1090-1100. [PMID: 33116250 PMCID: PMC8209231 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-00545-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis is a disease characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) in the liver. Activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is responsible for most of ECM production. Oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS) may be important factors leading to liver fibrosis. NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) is the main source of ROS in hepatic fibrosis, but the mechanism by which NOX4 regulates oxidative stress is not fully understood. β-Arrestin2 is a multifunctional scaffold protein that regulates receptor endocytosis, signaling and trafficking. In this study, we investigated whether β-arrestin2 regulated oxidative stress in hepatic fibrosis. Both β-arrestin2 knockout (Arrb2 KO) mice and wild-type mice were intraperitoneally injected with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) to induce hepatic fibrosis. Arrb2 KO mice showed significantly attenuated liver fibrosis, decreased ROS levels and NOX4 expression, and reduced collagen levels in their livers. In vitro, NOX4 knockdown significantly inhibited ROS production, and decreased expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin in angiotensin II-stimulated human HSC cell line LX-2. Through overexpression or depletion of β-arrestin2 in LX-2 cells, we revealed that decreased β-arrestin2 inhibited ROS levels and NOX4 expression, and reduced collagen production; it also inhibited activation of ERK and JNK signaling pathways. These results demonstrate that β-arrestin2 deficiency protects against liver fibrosis by downregulating ROS production through NOX4. This effect appears to be mediated by ERK and JNK signaling pathways. Thus, targeted inhibition of β-arrestin2 might reduce oxidative stress and inhibit the progression of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Jia Du
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Jia-Chang Sun
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Nan Li
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xiu-Qin Li
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Wu-Yi Sun
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230032, China.
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22
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Bao YL, Wang L, Pan HT, Zhang TR, Chen YH, Xu SJ, Mao XL, Li SW. Animal and Organoid Models of Liver Fibrosis. Front Physiol 2021; 12:666138. [PMID: 34122138 PMCID: PMC8187919 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.666138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis refers to the process underlying the development of chronic liver diseases, wherein liver cells are repeatedly destroyed and regenerated, which leads to an excessive deposition and abnormal distribution of the extracellular matrix such as collagen, glycoprotein and proteoglycan in the liver. Liver fibrosis thus constitutes the pathological repair response of the liver to chronic injury. Hepatic fibrosis is a key step in the progression of chronic liver disease to cirrhosis and an important factor affecting the prognosis of chronic liver disease. Further development of liver fibrosis may lead to structural disorders of the liver, nodular regeneration of hepatocytes and the formation of cirrhosis. Hepatic fibrosis is histologically reversible if treated aggressively during this period, but when fibrosis progresses to the stage of cirrhosis, reversal is very difficult, resulting in a poor prognosis. There are many causes of liver fibrosis, including liver injury caused by drugs, viral hepatitis, alcoholic liver, fatty liver and autoimmune disease. The mechanism underlying hepatic fibrosis differs among etiologies. The establishment of an appropriate animal model of liver fibrosis is not only an important basis for the in-depth study of the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis but also an important means for clinical experts to select drugs for the prevention and treatment of liver fibrosis. The present study focused on the modeling methods and fibrosis characteristics of different animal models of liver fibrosis, such as a chemical-induced liver fibrosis model, autoimmune liver fibrosis model, cholestatic liver fibrosis model, alcoholic liver fibrosis model and non-alcoholic liver fibrosis model. In addition, we also summarize the research and application prospects concerning new organoids in liver fibrosis models proposed in recent years. A suitable animal model of liver fibrosis and organoid fibrosis model that closely resemble the physiological state of the human body will provide bases for the in-depth study of the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis and the development of therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Long Bao
- College of Basic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Basic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Hai-Ting Pan
- College of Basic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Tai-Ran Zhang
- College of Basic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Ya-Hong Chen
- Health Management Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Shan-Jing Xu
- School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Chian
| | - Xin-Li Mao
- School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Chian.,Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Shao-Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
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23
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Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1A Supports a Pro-Fibrotic Phenotype Loop in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073331. [PMID: 33805152 PMCID: PMC8078165 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive lung disease with poor prognosis. The IPF-conditioned matrix (IPF-CM) system enables the study of matrix–fibroblast interplay. While effective at slowing fibrosis, nintedanib has limitations and the mechanism is not fully elucidated. In the current work, we explored the underlying signaling pathways and characterized nintedanib involvement in the IPF-CM fibrotic process. Results were validated using IPF patient samples and bleomycin-treated animals with/without oral and inhaled nintedanib. IPF-derived primary human lung fibroblasts (HLFs) were cultured on Matrigel and then cleared using NH4OH, creating the IPF-CM. Normal HLF-CM served as control. RNA-sequencing, PCR and western-blots were performed. HIF1α targets were evaluated by immunohistochemistry in bleomycin-treated rats with/without nintedanib and in patient samples with IPF. HLFs cultured on IPF-CM showed over-expression of ‘HIF1α signaling pathway’ (KEGG, p < 0.0001), with emphasis on SERPINE1 (PAI-1), VEGFA and TIMP1. IPF patient samples showed high HIF1α staining, especially in established fibrous tissue. PAI-1 was overexpressed, mainly in alveolar macrophages. Nintedanib completely reduced HIF1α upregulation in the IPF-CM and rat-bleomycin models. IPF-HLFs alter the extracellular matrix, thus creating a matrix that further propagates an IPF-like phenotype in normal HLFs. This pro-fibrotic loop includes the HIF1α pathway, which can be blocked by nintedanib.
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24
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Xu Y, Sun X, Zhang R, Cao T, Cai SY, Boyer JL, Zhang X, Li D, Huang Y. A Positive Feedback Loop of TET3 and TGF-β1 Promotes Liver Fibrosis. Cell Rep 2021; 30:1310-1318.e5. [PMID: 32023451 PMCID: PMC7063678 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.12.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathological activation of TGF-β signaling is universal in fibrosis. Aberrant TGF-β signaling in conjunction with transdifferentiation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) into fibrogenic myofibroblasts plays a central role in liver fibrosis. Here we report that the DNA demethylase TET3 is anomalously upregulated in fibrotic livers in both humans and mice. We demonstrate that in human HSCs, TET3 promotes profibrotic gene expression by upregulation of multiple key TGF-β pathway genes, including TGFB1. TET3 binds to target gene promoters, inducing demethylation, which in turn facilitates chromatin remodeling and transcription. We also reveal a positive feedback loop between TGF-β1 and TET3 in both HSCs and hepatocytes. Furthermore, TET3 knockdown ameliorates liver fibrosis in mice. Our results uncover a TET3/TGF-β1 positive feedback loop as a crucial determinant of liver fibrosis and suggest that inhibiting TET3 may represent a therapeutic strategy for liver fibrosis and perhaps other fibrotic diseases. Xu et al. unmask a positive feedback loop between chromatin demethylase TET3 and TGF-β1 in stressed hepatocytes and stellate cells in humans and mice. Activation of this loop stimulates expression of fibrotic genes, whereas knockdown of TET3 reduces liver fibrosis in mice, suggesting a strategy for treating fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yetao Xu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Xiaoli Sun
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Ruling Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Tiefeng Cao
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong 510070, China
| | - Shi-Ying Cai
- Liver Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - James L Boyer
- Liver Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Xuchen Zhang
- Pathology Department, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Da Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.
| | - Yingqun Huang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
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25
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Yasmin A, Regan DP, Schook LB, Gaba RC, Schachtschneider KM. Transcriptional regulation of alcohol induced liver fibrosis in a translational porcine hepatocellular carcinoma model. Biochimie 2021; 182:73-84. [PMID: 33444661 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the 5th most common and 2nd deadliest cancer worldwide. HCC risk factors include alcohol induced liver cirrhosis, which prompts hepatic inflammation, cell necrosis, and fibrosis deposition. As 25% of HCC cases are associated with alcohol induced liver disease, understanding the effects of the cirrhotic liver microenvironment on HCC tumor biology and therapeutic responses are critical. This study utilized the Oncopig Cancer Model-a transgenic pig model that recapitulates human HCC through induced expression of KRASG12D and TP53R167H driver mutations-to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying alcohol induced liver disease. Oncopigs (n = 5) underwent fibrosis induction via infusion of ethanol and ethiodized oil (1:3 v/v dosed at 0.75 mL/kg) into the hepatic arterial circulation. Eight-weeks post induction, liver tissue samples from fibrotic and age-matched control (n = 5) Oncopigs were collected for histological evaluation and transcriptional profiling. Increased hepatic inflammation and fibrosis was observed in fibrotic Oncopigs via pathological assessment. Transcriptional profiling (RNA-seq) resulted in the identification of 4387 differentially expressed genes between Oncopig fibrotic and control livers. GO term enrichment analysis identified pathway alterations associated with cirrhosis progression in humans, including cell proliferation, angiogenesis, extracellular matrix deposition, and oxidation-reduction. Key alterations include activation of hepatic stellate cells, increased matrix metalloproteinase production, and altered expression of ABC and SLC transporter genes involved in transport of anticancer drugs.These results demonstrate Oncopig liver fibrosis recapitulates transcriptional hallmarks of human cirrhosis, making the Oncopig an ideal model for studying the effects of the cirrhotic liver microenvironment on HCC tumor biology and therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvi Yasmin
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, United States
| | - Daniel P Regan
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, United States
| | - Lawrence B Schook
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, United States; Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States; National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States
| | - Ron C Gaba
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, United States
| | - Kyle M Schachtschneider
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, United States; National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, United States.
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26
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Heyens LJM, Busschots D, Koek GH, Robaeys G, Francque S. Liver Fibrosis in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: From Liver Biopsy to Non-invasive Biomarkers in Diagnosis and Treatment. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:615978. [PMID: 33937277 PMCID: PMC8079659 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.615978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing percentage of people have or are at risk to develop non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) worldwide. NAFLD comprises different stadia going from isolated steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). NASH is a chronic state of liver inflammation that leads to the transformation of hepatic stellate cells to myofibroblasts. These cells produce extra-cellular matrix that results in liver fibrosis. In a normal situation, fibrogenesis is a wound healing process that preserves tissue integrity. However, sustained and progressive fibrosis can become pathogenic. This process takes many years and is often asymptomatic. Therefore, patients usually present themselves with end-stage liver disease e.g., liver cirrhosis, decompensated liver disease or even hepatocellular carcinoma. Fibrosis has also been identified as the most important predictor of prognosis in patients with NAFLD. Currently, only a minority of patients with liver fibrosis are identified to be at risk and hence referred for treatment. This is not only because the disease is largely asymptomatic, but also due to the fact that currently liver biopsy is still the golden standard for accurate detection of liver fibrosis. However, performing a liver biopsy harbors some risks and requires resources and expertise, hence is not applicable in every clinical setting and is unsuitable for screening. Consequently, different non-invasive diagnostic tools, mainly based on analysis of blood or other specimens or based on imaging have been developed or are in development. In this review, we will first give an overview of the pathogenic mechanisms of the evolution from isolated steatosis to fibrosis. This serves as the basis for the subsequent discussion of the current and future diagnostic biomarkers and anti-fibrotic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leen J. M. Heyens
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, NUTRIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Gastro-Enterology and Hepatology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk, Belgium
| | - Dana Busschots
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, NUTRIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Ger H. Koek
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, NUTRIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Geert Robaeys
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
- Department of Gastro-Enterology and Hepatology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk, Belgium
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sven Francque
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Sven Francque
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27
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Rim YA, Ju JH. The Role of Fibrosis in Osteoarthritis Progression. Life (Basel) 2020; 11:life11010003. [PMID: 33374529 PMCID: PMC7822172 DOI: 10.3390/life11010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease where the main characteristics include cartilage degeneration and synovial membrane inflammation. These changes in the knee joint eventually dampen the function of the joint and restrict joint movement, which eventually leads to a stage where total joint replacement is the only treatment option. While much is still unknown about the pathogenesis and progression mechanism of OA, joint fibrosis can be a critical issue for better understanding this disease. Synovial fibrosis and the generation of fibrocartilage are the two main fibrosis-related characteristics that can be found in OA. However, these two processes remain mostly misunderstood. In this review, we focus on the fibrosis process in OA, especially in the cartilage and the synovium tissue, which are the main tissues involved in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeri Alice Rim
- Catholic iPSC Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea;
| | - Ji Hyeon Ju
- Catholic iPSC Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea;
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2258-6895
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28
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Yuan Y, Naito H, Kitamori K, Hashimoto S, Asano T, Nakajima T. The antihypertensive agent hydralazine reduced extracellular matrix synthesis and liver fibrosis in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis exacerbated by hypertension. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243846. [PMID: 33315911 PMCID: PMC7735612 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is an important risk factor for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. We have previously demonstrated that hypertensive rats fed a high fat and cholesterol (HFC) diet incurred a more severe hepatic inflammatory response and fibrosis. Here we investigated the role of hypertension in NASH by comparing HFC-induced hepatic fibrogenesis between spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and their normotensive Wistar Kyoto counterpart. Compared to the counterpart, the HFC diet led to stronger aggregation of CD68-positive macrophages in SHRs. HFC feeding also resulted in significantly higher upregulation of the fibrosis-related gene alpha-smooth muscle actin in SHR. The HFC diet induced higher overexpression of serum tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP1) and greater suppression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2):TIMP1, MMP8:TIMP1, and MMP9:TIMP1 ratios, as a proxy of the activities of these MMPs in SHR. Administration of the antihypertensive agent hydralazine to SHRs significantly ameliorated HFC-induced liver fibrosis; it suppressed the aggregation of CD68-positive macrophages and the upregulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta, and collagen, type 1, alpha-1 chain. In conclusion, a hypertensive environment exacerbated the hepatic fibrogenetic effects of the HFC diet; while the effects were partially reversed by the antihypertensive agent hydralazine. Our data suggest that antihypertensive drugs hold promise for treating NASH exacerbated by hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yuan
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hisao Naito
- Department of Public Health, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
- College of Human Life and Environment, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazuya Kitamori
- College of Human Life and Environment, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Sayuki Hashimoto
- College of Human Life and Environment, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tomomi Asano
- College of Human Life and Environment, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tamie Nakajima
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan
- * E-mail:
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29
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Dewhurst MR, Ow JR, Zafer G, van Hul NKM, Wollmann H, Bisteau X, Brough D, Choi H, Kaldis P. Loss of hepatocyte cell division leads to liver inflammation and fibrosis. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1009084. [PMID: 33147210 PMCID: PMC7641358 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver possesses a remarkable regenerative capacity based partly on the ability of hepatocytes to re-enter the cell cycle and divide to replace damaged cells. This capability is substantially reduced upon chronic damage, but it is not clear if this is a cause or consequence of liver disease. Here, we investigate whether blocking hepatocyte division using two different mouse models affects physiology as well as clinical liver manifestations like fibrosis and inflammation. We find that in P14 Cdk1Liv-/- mice, where the division of hepatocytes is abolished, polyploidy, DNA damage, and increased p53 signaling are prevalent. Cdk1Liv-/- mice display classical markers of liver damage two weeks after birth, including elevated ALT, ALP, and bilirubin levels, despite the lack of exogenous liver injury. Inflammation was further studied using cytokine arrays, unveiling elevated levels of CCL2, TIMP1, CXCL10, and IL1-Rn in Cdk1Liv-/- liver, which resulted in increased numbers of monocytes. Ablation of CDK2-dependent DNA re-replication and polyploidy in Cdk1Liv-/- mice reversed most of these phenotypes. Overall, our data indicate that blocking hepatocyte division induces biological processes driving the onset of the disease phenotype. It suggests that the decrease in hepatocyte division observed in liver disease may not only be a consequence of fibrosis and inflammation, but also a pathological cue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Dewhurst
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation; and Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jin Rong Ow
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore
| | - Gözde Zafer
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore
| | - Noémi K. M. van Hul
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore
| | - Heike Wollmann
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore
| | - Xavier Bisteau
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore
| | - David Brough
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation; and Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Hyungwon Choi
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Philipp Kaldis
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Clinical Research Centre (CRC), Sweden
- * E-mail:
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30
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Differential effects of olive oil, soybean oil, corn oil and lard oil on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in mice. Biosci Rep 2020; 39:BSR20191913. [PMID: 31481526 PMCID: PMC6822505 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20191913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Olive oil could attenuate carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced liver fibrosis (LF) in mouse model. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of other common oils on CCl4 induced LF. Healthy male ICR mice were administered with CCl4 intraperitoneally at 2.5 ml/kg twice a week for total 3 weeks. Mice were pre-treated with olive oil, soybean oil, corn oil or lard oil. After treatment, histopathological changes were observed using Masson trichrome staining, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), malondialdehyde (MDA), hydroxyproline (HYP) and triglyceride (TG) were measured by commercial kits. The expression of LF related genes was detected by quantitative real-time PCR. We found that soybean oil or olive oil significantly reduced ALT and AST levels in serum, and MDA, HYP and TG levels in the liver, compared with corn oil or lard oil. Moreover, Masson trichrome staining and real-time PCR showed that the mice treated with CCl4 dissolved in soybean oil or olive oil had less fibrosis and apoptosis in the liver comparted to the mice treated with CCl4 dissolved in corn oil or lard oil. In conclusion, soybean oil but not corn or lard oil exerts protective effects against CCl4 induced LF in mice, possibly due to its antioxidant activity.
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31
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Ouyang X, You S, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Zhang G, Shao X, He F, Hu L. Transplantation of Human Amnion Epithelial Cells Improves Endometrial Regeneration in Rat Model of Intrauterine Adhesions. Stem Cells Dev 2020; 29:1346-1362. [PMID: 32772798 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine adhesions (IUAs) are characterized by the injury of endometrium due to curettage and/or endometritis. The loss of functional endometrium in uterine cavity usually results in hypomenorrhea, amenorrhea, infertility, and/or recurrent pregnancy loss. Recently, stem cell transplantation has been applied to promote the endometrial regeneration. Human amnion epithelial cells (hAECs) have been shown to have stem cell characteristics. In this study, we found that PKH26-labeled hAECs were mainly distributed in the basal layer of endometrium after transplantation, and hAEC transplantation, including uterine injection and tail vein injection, could increase pregnancy rate and the number of embryos in rat model of IUAs. Moreover, hAEC transplantation was demonstrated to increase the endometrial thickness, promote the proliferation of glands and blood vessels, and decrease fibrotic areas in the endometrium. The immunohistochemical and quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis showed the upregulated expression of growth factors, such as basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) after hAEC transplantation; and the downregulated expression of collagen type I alpha 1 (COL1A1), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), all of which are associated with the extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition after hAEC transplantation. The mRNA sequencing indicated that platelet-derived growth factor-C (PDGF-C), thrombospondin-1 (THBS1), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), Wnt5a, and Snai2 were significantly modulated in treatment groups. These results indicate that hAEC transplantation promotes endometrial regeneration and the restoration of fertility in rat model of IUAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Ouyang
- The Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuang You
- The Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yulin Zhang
- The Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chanyu Zhang
- The Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Reproduction and Stem Cell Therapy Research Center of Chongqing, Chongqing, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory for Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Guanghui Zhang
- Chongqing Engineering Technology Research Center of Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Guolian Stem Cell Technology Co. Ltd., Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Shao
- Shanghai iCELL Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Fan He
- The Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Reproduction and Stem Cell Therapy Research Center of Chongqing, Chongqing, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory for Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Lina Hu
- The Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Reproduction and Stem Cell Therapy Research Center of Chongqing, Chongqing, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory for Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
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Yang ZM, Mo QY, He JM, Mo DL, Li J, Chen H, Zhao SL, Qin JK. Mitochondrial-Targeted and Near-Infrared Fluorescence Probe for Bioimaging and Evaluating Monoamine Oxidase A Activity in Hepatic Fibrosis. ACS Sens 2020; 5:943-951. [PMID: 32223138 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b02116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) is a promising diagnostic marker for cancer, depression, Parkinson's disease, and liver disease. The fluorescence detection of MAO-A in living animals is of extreme importance for the early diagnosis of related diseases. However, the development of specific and mitochondrial-targeted and near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence MAO-A probes is still inadequate. Here, we designed and synthesized four NIR fluorescence probes containing a dihydroxanthene (DH) skeleton to detect MAO-A in complex biological systems. The specificity of our representative probe DHMP2 displays a 31-fold fluorescence turn-on in vitro, and it can effectively accumulate in the mitochondria and specifically detect the endogenous MAO-A concentrations in PC-3 and SH-SY5Y cell lines. Furthermore, the probe DHMP2 can be used to visualize the endogenous MAO-A activity in zebrafish and tumor-bearing mice. More importantly, it is the first time that the MAO-A activity of hepatic fibrosis tissues is detected through the probe DHMP2. The present study shows that the synthesized DHMP2 might serve as a potential tool for monitoring MAO-A activity in vivo and diagnosing related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Min Yang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
- Qiannan Medical College for Nationalities, Duyun 558000, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Yuan Mo
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Ji-Man He
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Liang Mo
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Hua Chen
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Lin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Jiang-Ke Qin
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
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Nakano Y, Kamiya A, Sumiyoshi H, Tsuruya K, Kagawa T, Inagaki Y. A Deactivation Factor of Fibrogenic Hepatic Stellate Cells Induces Regression of Liver Fibrosis in Mice. Hepatology 2020; 71:1437-1452. [PMID: 31549421 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), a key player in the progression of liver fibrosis, are activated by various inflammatory stimuli and converted to myofibroblast-like cells with excessive collagen production. Despite many attempts to suppress activation of HSCs or inhibit collagen production in activated HSCs, their clinical applications have not been established yet. Recently, the deactivation of HSCs has been reported as a mechanism underlying the reversibility of experimental liver fibrosis. In the present study, we sought for deactivation factors of HSCs that induce regression of established liver fibrosis. APPROACH AND RESULTS We identified transcription factor 21 (Tcf21) as one of the transcription factors whose expression was up-regulated in parallel to the differentiation of fetal HSCs. Expression of Tcf21 in HSCs remarkably decreased during culture-induced activation in vitro and in murine and human fibrotic liver tissue in vivo. This reduced Tcf21 expression was recovered during the spontaneous regression of murine liver fibrosis. Tcf21 was also examined for its effects by adeno-associated virus serotype 6-mediated Tcf21 gene transfer into cultured activated HSCs and mice with carbon tetrachloride- or methionine-choline deficient diet-induced liver fibrosis. Overexpression of Tcf21 in activated HSCs not only suppressed fibrogenic gene expression but also restored cells, at least in part, to a quiescent phenotype both in vitro and in vivo. These phenotypic changes of HSCs were accompanied by the regression of steatohepatitis and fibrosis and improved hepatic architecture and function. CONCLUSIONS Tcf21 has been identified as a deactivation factor of fibrogenic HSCs, providing insight into a treatment strategy for the otherwise intractable liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Nakano
- Center for Matrix Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokai University, Isehara, Japan.,Department of Innovative Medical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Akihide Kamiya
- Center for Matrix Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokai University, Isehara, Japan.,Department of Molecular Life Sciences, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Hideaki Sumiyoshi
- Center for Matrix Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokai University, Isehara, Japan.,Department of Innovative Medical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Kota Tsuruya
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Tatehiro Kagawa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Yutaka Inagaki
- Center for Matrix Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokai University, Isehara, Japan.,Department of Innovative Medical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan.,Institute of Medical Sciences, Tokai University, Isehara, Japan
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Phaosri M, Jantrapirom S, Na Takuathung M, Soonthornchareonnon N, Sireeratawong S, Buacheen P, Pitchakarn P, Nimlamool W, Potikanond S. Salacia chinensis L. Stem Extract Exerts Antifibrotic Effects on Human Hepatic Stellate Cells Through the Inhibition of the TGF-β1-Induced SMAD2/3 Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246314. [PMID: 31847284 PMCID: PMC6940887 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Salacia chinensis L. (SC) stems have been used as an ingredient in Thai traditional medicine for treating patients with hepatic fibrosis and liver cirrhosis. However, there is no scientific evidence supporting the antifibrotic effects of SC extract. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the antifibrotic activity of SC stem extract in human hepatic stellate cell-line called LX-2. We found that upon TGF-β1 stimulation, LX-2 cells transformed to a myofibroblast-like phenotype with a noticeable increase in α-SMA and collagen type I production. Interestingly, cells treated with SC extract significantly suppressed α-SMA and collagen type I production and reversed the myofibroblast-like characteristics back to normal. Additionally, TGF-β1 also influenced the development of fibrogenesis by upregulation of MMP-2, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 and related cellular signaling, such as pSmad2/3, pErk1/2, and pJNK. Surprisingly, SC possesses antifibrotic activity through the suppression of TGF-β1-mediated production of collagen type 1, α-SMA, and the phosphorylation status of Smad2/3, Erk1/2, and JNK. Taken together, the present study provides accumulated information demonstrating the antifibrotic effects of SC stem extract and revealing its potential for development for hepatic fibrosis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattareeyapar Phaosri
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (M.P.); (S.J.); (M.N.T.); (S.S.); (W.N.)
- Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Salinee Jantrapirom
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (M.P.); (S.J.); (M.N.T.); (S.S.); (W.N.)
| | - Mingkwan Na Takuathung
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (M.P.); (S.J.); (M.N.T.); (S.S.); (W.N.)
- Research Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Noppamas Soonthornchareonnon
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Thung Phaya Thai, Rajathevi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Seewaboon Sireeratawong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (M.P.); (S.J.); (M.N.T.); (S.S.); (W.N.)
| | - Pensiri Buacheen
- Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Pornsiri Pitchakarn
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Wutigri Nimlamool
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (M.P.); (S.J.); (M.N.T.); (S.S.); (W.N.)
- Research Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Saranyapin Potikanond
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (M.P.); (S.J.); (M.N.T.); (S.S.); (W.N.)
- Research Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Correspondence: or
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Isorhamnetin Inhibits Liver Fibrosis by Reducing Autophagy and Inhibiting Extracellular Matrix Formation via the TGF- β1/Smad3 and TGF- β1/p38 MAPK Pathways. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:6175091. [PMID: 31467486 PMCID: PMC6701280 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6175091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Liver fibrosis is a consequence of wound-healing responses to chronic liver insult and may progress to liver cirrhosis if not controlled. This study investigated the protection against liver fibrosis by isorhamnetin. Methods Mouse models of hepatic fibrosis were established by intraperitoneal injection of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) or bile duct ligation (BDL). Isorhamnetin 10 or 30 mg/kg was administered by gavage 5 days per week for 8 weeks in the CCl4 model and for 2 weeks in the BDL model. Protein and mRNA expressions were assayed by western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results Isorhamnetin significantly inhibited liver fibrosis in both models, inhibiting hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation, extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, and autophagy. The effects were associated with downregulation of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) mediation of Smad3 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Conclusion Isorhamnetin protected against liver fibrosis by reducing ECM formation and autophagy via inhibition of TGF-β1-mediated Smad3 and p38 MAPK signaling pathways.
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Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1b deficiency protects against hepatic fibrosis by modulating nadph oxidases. Redox Biol 2019; 26:101263. [PMID: 31299613 PMCID: PMC6624458 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is typically associated with the development of fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The key role of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) in inflammatory responses has focused this study in understanding its implication in liver fibrosis. Here we show that hepatic PTP1B mRNA expression increased after bile duct ligation (BDL), while BDL-induced liver fibrosis was markedly reduced in mice lacking Ptpn1 (PTP1B−/−) as assessed by decreased collagen deposition and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression. PTP1B−/− mice also showed a significant increase in mRNA levels of key markers of monocytes recruitment (Cd68, Adgre1 and Ccl2) compared to their wild-type (PTP1B+/+) littermates at early stages of injury after BDL. Interestingly, the lack of PTP1B strongly increased the NADPH oxidase (NOX) subunits Nox1/Nox4 ratio and downregulated Cybb expression after BDL, revealing a pro-survival pattern of NADPH oxidase induction in response to liver injury. Chimeric mice generated by transplantation of PTP1B−/− bone marrow (BM) into irradiated PTP1B+/+ mice revealed similar hepatic expression profile of NOX subunits than PTP1B−/− mice while these animals did not show differences in infiltration of myeloid cells at 7 days post-BDL, suggesting that PTP1B deletion in other liver cells is necessary for boosting the early inflammatory response to the BDL. PTP1B−/− BM transplantation into PTP1B+/+ mice also led to a blockade of TGF-β and α-SMA induction after BDL. In vitro experiments demonstrated that deficiency of PTP1B in hepatocytes protects against bile acid-induced apoptosis and abrogates hepatic stellate cells (HSC) activation, an effect ameliorated by NOX1 inhibition. In conclusion, our results have revealed that the lack of PTP1B switches NOX expression pattern in response to liver injury after BDL and reduces HSC activation and liver fibrosis. PTP1B deficiency in mice ameliorates liver damage induced by cholestasis. The increased NOX1/NOX4 ratio in livers from PTP1B-/- mice was associated with protection against BDL-induced fibrosis. The lack of PTP1B exacerbates macrophage recruitment upon BDL which is dispensable for ameliorating cholestatic liver damage. Resistance of PTP1B-/- hepatocytes against bile acid-induced apoptosis protects from HSC activation in a NOX1-dependent manner.
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Serum biomarkers of fibrosis and extracellular matrix remodeling in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: association with liver histology. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 31:43-46. [PMID: 30134384 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000001240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We sought to explore the interplay of multiple serum biomarkers of fibrosis and extracellular matrix remodeling with the results of liver histology in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). PATIENTS AND METHODS Venous blood samples were collected from 80 patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD and 59 age-matched and sex-matched healthy controls. Serum levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, TGF-β2, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-1, MMP-2, MMP-7, MMP-9, MMP-10, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1, and TIMP-2 were determined by using the Luminex MagPix technology on a MAGPIX analyzer. RESULTS We documented significant differences in the levels of TGF-β1, TGF-β2, MMP-2, MMP-7, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 between NAFLD patients and controls. However, none of these biomarkers was able to distinguish between nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and nonalcoholic fatty liver. TIMP-1 levels were significantly higher in patients with significant fibrosis (fibrosis stage ≥2; 2624±1261 pg/ml) than in those without (fibrosis stage 0-1; 2096±906 pg/ml; P=0.03). Moreover, serum levels of TIMP-1 were identified as the only independent predictor of histological fibrosis (β=0.298, t=2.7, P=0.007). CONCLUSION Our study provides insights into the association of multiple serum biomarkers of fibrosis and extracellular matrix remodeling with NAFLD histology. Notably, serum levels of TIMP-1 were identified as a clinically useful marker for distinguishing NAFLD patients with and without significant fibrosis.
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38
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Jiang Y, Zhao Y, He F, Wang H. Artificial MicroRNA-Mediated Tgfbr2 and Pdgfrb Co-Silencing Ameliorates Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepatic Fibrosis in Mice. Hum Gene Ther 2018; 30:179-196. [PMID: 30024280 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2018.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are the primary cell type responsible for liver fibrogenesis. Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) are key profibrotic cytokines that regulate HSC activation and proliferation with functional convergence. Dual RNA interference against their receptors may achieve therapeutic effects. A novel RNAi strategy based on HSC-specific GFAP promoter-driven and lentiviral-expressed artificial microRNAs (amiRNAs) was devised that consists of an microRNA-30a backbone and effective shRNAs against mouse Pdgfrβ and Tgfbr2. Then, its antifibrotic efficacy was tested in primary and cultured HSCs and in mice affected with carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic fibrosis. The study shows that amiRNA-mediated Pdgfrβ and Tgfbr2 co-silencing inhibits HSC activation and proliferation. After recombinant lentiviral particles were delivered into the liver via tail-vein injection, therapeutic amiRNAs were preferentially expressed in HSCs and efficiently co-knocked down in situ Tgfbr2 and Pdgfrβ expression, which correlates with downregulated expression of target or effector genes of their signaling, which include Pai-1, P70S6K, and D-cyclins. amiRNA-based HSC-specific co-silencing of Tgfbr2 and Pdgfrβ significantly suppressed hepatic expression of fibrotic markers α-Sma and Col1a1, extracellular matrix regulators Mmps and Timp1, and phenotypically ameliorated liver fibrosis, as indicated by reductions in serum alanine aminotransferase activity, collagen deposition, and α-Sma-positive staining. The findings provide proof of concept for the use of amiRNA-mediated co-silencing of two profibrogenic pathways in liver fibrosis treatment and highlight the therapeutic potential of concatenated amiRNAs for gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jiang
- 1 The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences of Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- 1 The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences of Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Fuchu He
- 1 The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences of Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China.,2 State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Haijian Wang
- 1 The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences of Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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Loomba R, Kayali Z, Noureddin M, Ruane P, Lawitz EJ, Bennett M, Wang L, Harting E, Tarrant JM, McColgan BJ, Chung C, Ray AS, Subramanian GM, Myers RP, Middleton MS, Lai M, Charlton M, Harrison SA. GS-0976 Reduces Hepatic Steatosis and Fibrosis Markers in Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Gastroenterology 2018; 155:1463-1473.e6. [PMID: 30059671 PMCID: PMC6318218 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS De novo lipogenesis is increased in livers of patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Acetyl-coenzyme carboxylase catalyzes the rate-limiting step in this process. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of GS-0976, an inhibitor of acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase in liver, in a phase 2 randomized placebo-controlled trial of patients with NASH. METHODS We analyzed data from 126 patients with hepatic steatosis of at least 8%, based on the magnetic resonance imaging-estimated proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF), and liver stiffness of at least 2.5 kPa, based on magnetic resonance elastography measurement or historical biopsy result consistent with NASH and F1-F3 fibrosis. Patients were randomly assigned (2:2:1) to groups given GS-0976 20 mg, GS-0976 5 mg, or placebo daily for 12 weeks, from August 8, 2016 through July 18, 2017. Measures of hepatic steatosis, stiffness, serum markers of fibrosis, and plasma metabolomics were evaluated. The primary aims were to confirm previous findings and evaluate the relation between dose and efficacy. RESULTS A relative decrease of at least 30% from baseline in MRI-PDFF (PDFF response) occurred in 48% of patients given GS-0976 20 mg (P = .004 vs placebo), 23% given GS-0976 5 mg (P = .43 vs placebo), and 15% given placebo. Median relative decreases in MRI-PDFF were greater in patients given GS-0976 20 mg (decrease of 29%) than those given placebo (decrease of 8%; P = .002). Changes in magnetic resonance elastography-measured stiffness did not differ among groups, but a dose-dependent decrease in the fibrosis marker tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 was observed in patients given GS-0976 20 mg. Plasma levels of acylcarnitine species also decreased in patients with a PDFF response given GS-0976 20 mg. GS-0976 was safe, but median relative increases of 11% and 13% in serum levels of triglycerides were observed in patients given GS-0976. CONCLUSIONS In a randomized placebo-controlled trial of patients with NASH, we found 12-week administration of GS-0976 20 mg decreased hepatic steatosis, selected markers of fibrosis, and liver biochemistry. ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT02856555.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Loomba
- University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California.
| | - Zeid Kayali
- Inland Empire Liver Foundation, Rialto, California
| | | | - Peter Ruane
- Ruane Medical and Liver Health Institute, Los Angeles, California
| | - Eric J. Lawitz
- Texas Liver Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Michael Bennett
- Atlanta Gastroenterology Associates, Atlanta, Georgia; (6)Medical Research Associates Group, San Diego, California
| | - Lulu Wang
- Gilead Sciences, Inc, Foster City, California
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Michelle Lai
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Conditioned Medium from Tonsil-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Relieves CCl 4-Induced Liver Fibrosis in Mice. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 16:51-58. [PMID: 30815350 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-018-0160-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The liver is an organ with remarkable regenerative capacity; however, once chronic fibrosis occurs, liver failure follows, with high mortality and morbidity rates. Continuous exposure to proinflammatory stimuli exaggerates the pathological process of liver failure; therefore, immune modulation is a potential strategy to treat liver fibrosis. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with tissue regenerative and immunomodulatory potential may support the development of therapeutics for liver fibrosis. Methods Here, we induced hepatic injury in mice by injecting carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and investigated the therapeutic potential of conditioned medium from tonsil-derived MSCs (T-MSC CM). In parallel, we used recombinant human IL-1Ra, which, as we have previously shown, is secreted exclusively from T-MSCs and resolves the fibrogenic activation of myoblasts. Hepatic inflammation and fibrosis were determined by histological analyses using H&E and Picro-Sirius Red staining. Results The results demonstrated that T-MSC CM treatment significantly reduced inflammation as well as fibrosis in the CCl4-injured mouse liver. IL-1Ra injection showed effects similar to T-MSC CM treatment, suggesting that T-MSC CM may exert anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects via the endogenous production of IL-1Ra. The expression of genes involved in fibrosis was evaluated, and the results showed significant induction of alpha-1 type I collagen, transforming growth factor beta, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteases 1 upon CCl4 injection, whereas treatment with T-MSC CM or IL-1Ra downregulated their expression. Conclusions Taken together, these data support the therapeutic potential of T-MSC CM and/or IL-1Ra for the alleviation of liver fibrosis, as well as in treating diseases involving organ fibrosis.
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Al-Hashem F, Al-Humayed S, Amin SN, Kamar SS, Mansy SS, Hassan S, Abdel-Salam LO, Ellatif MA, Alfaifi M, Haidara MA, Al-Ani B. Metformin inhibits mTOR-HIF-1α axis and profibrogenic and inflammatory biomarkers in thioacetamide-induced hepatic tissue alterations. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:9328-9337. [PMID: 30334569 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The potential inhibitory effect of the antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory drug, metformin on thioacetamide (TAA)-induced hepatotoxicity associated with the inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) axis has not been investigated before. Therefore, we tested whether metformin can protect against liver injuries including fibrosis induced by TAA possibly via the downregulation of mTOR-HIF-1α axis and profibrogenic and inflammatory biomarkers. Rats either injected with TAA (200 mg/kg; twice a week for 8 weeks) before being killed after 10 weeks (model group) or were pretreated with metformin (200 mg/kg) daily for 2 weeks before TAA injections and continued receiving both agents until the end of the experiment, at Week 10 (protective group). Using light and electron microscopy examinations, we observed in the model group substantial damage to the hepatocytes and liver tissue such as collagen deposition, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and degenerative cellular changes with ballooned mitochondria that were substantially ameliorated by metformin. Metformin also significantly ( p < 0.05) inhibited TAA-induced HIF-1α, mTOR, the profibrogenic biomarker α-smooth muscle actin, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase in harvested liver homogenates and blood samples. In addition, a significant ( p < 0.01) positive correlation between hypoxia scoring (HIF-1α) and the serum levels of TNF-α ( r = 0.797), IL-6 ( r = 0.859), and ALT ( r = 0.760) was observed. We conclude that metformin protects against TAA-induced hepatic injuries in rats, which is associated with the inhibition of mTOR-HIF-1α axis and profibrogenic and inflammatory biomarkers; thus, may offer therapeutic potential in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahaid Al-Hashem
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suliman Al-Humayed
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaimaa N Amin
- Department of Physiology, Kasr Al-Aini Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samaa S Kamar
- Department of Medical Histology, Kasr Al-Aini Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Soheir S Mansy
- Electron Microscopy Research Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sarah Hassan
- Electron Microscopy Research Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Lubna O Abdel-Salam
- Department of Pathology, Kasr Al-Aini Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abd Ellatif
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Alfaifi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A Haidara
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Physiology, Kasr Al-Aini Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Bahjat Al-Ani
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Hsieh YH, Huang HC, Chang CC, Chuang CL, Lee FY, Hsu SJ, Huang YH, Hou MC, Lee SD. Nucleos(t)ide Analogs Do Not Independently Influence Hepatic Fibrosis and Portal Hypertension beyond Viral Suppression in CBDL-Induced Cirrhotic Rat. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018; 367:260-266. [PMID: 30194095 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.250431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis is the major cause of liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Several factors affect portal pressure, including liver fibrosis, splanchnic vasodilatation, and pathologic angiogenesis. Nucleos(t)ide analogs (NUCs), the oral antiviral agents, effectively attenuate chronic hepatitis B-related liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension via viral suppression and alleviation of hepatitis. On the other hand, NUCs affect tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and nitric oxide, which participate in fibrogenesis, vasodilatation, and angiogenesis. However, whether NUCs independently influence liver fibrosis and portal hypertension beyond viral suppression is unknown. This study thus aimed to evaluate the influences of three frequently used NUCs in rats with nonviral cirrhosis. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received common bile duct ligation (CBDL) to induce cholestatic cirrhosis and portal hypertension. The rats were randomly allocated into four groups, treated by mouth with lamivudine (30 mg/kg per day), entecavir (0.09 mg/kg per day), tenofovir (50 mg/kg per day), or distilled water (vehicle control) from the 15th day after CBDL. On the 29th day, liver cirrhosis- and portal hypertension-related parameters were evaluated. The results showed that chronic NUCs treatment did not affect hemodynamic parameters, plasma TNF-α concentration, and hepatic fibrogenesis protein expressions in rats with nonviral cirrhosis. Though the mesenteric VEGF receptor 2 phosphorylation was downregulated in NUCs-treated groups, the splanchnic angiogenesis was not influenced. In conclusion, lamivudine, entecavir, and tenofovir had no additional effects on liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension in rats with nonviral cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsin Hsieh
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine (Y.-H.Hs, H.-C.H., F.-Y.L., S.-J.H., Y.-H.Hu, M.-C.H.) and Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, (Y.-H.Hs, H.-C.H., C.-C.C., C.-L.C.), Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan (H.-C.H., C.-C.C., C.-L.C., F.-Y.L., S.-J.H., Y.-H.Hu, M.-C.H., S.-D.L.); and Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (S.-D.L.)
| | - Hui-Chun Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine (Y.-H.Hs, H.-C.H., F.-Y.L., S.-J.H., Y.-H.Hu, M.-C.H.) and Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, (Y.-H.Hs, H.-C.H., C.-C.C., C.-L.C.), Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan (H.-C.H., C.-C.C., C.-L.C., F.-Y.L., S.-J.H., Y.-H.Hu, M.-C.H., S.-D.L.); and Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (S.-D.L.)
| | - Ching-Chih Chang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine (Y.-H.Hs, H.-C.H., F.-Y.L., S.-J.H., Y.-H.Hu, M.-C.H.) and Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, (Y.-H.Hs, H.-C.H., C.-C.C., C.-L.C.), Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan (H.-C.H., C.-C.C., C.-L.C., F.-Y.L., S.-J.H., Y.-H.Hu, M.-C.H., S.-D.L.); and Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (S.-D.L.)
| | - Chiao-Lin Chuang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine (Y.-H.Hs, H.-C.H., F.-Y.L., S.-J.H., Y.-H.Hu, M.-C.H.) and Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, (Y.-H.Hs, H.-C.H., C.-C.C., C.-L.C.), Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan (H.-C.H., C.-C.C., C.-L.C., F.-Y.L., S.-J.H., Y.-H.Hu, M.-C.H., S.-D.L.); and Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (S.-D.L.)
| | - Fa-Yauh Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine (Y.-H.Hs, H.-C.H., F.-Y.L., S.-J.H., Y.-H.Hu, M.-C.H.) and Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, (Y.-H.Hs, H.-C.H., C.-C.C., C.-L.C.), Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan (H.-C.H., C.-C.C., C.-L.C., F.-Y.L., S.-J.H., Y.-H.Hu, M.-C.H., S.-D.L.); and Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (S.-D.L.)
| | - Shao-Jung Hsu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine (Y.-H.Hs, H.-C.H., F.-Y.L., S.-J.H., Y.-H.Hu, M.-C.H.) and Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, (Y.-H.Hs, H.-C.H., C.-C.C., C.-L.C.), Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan (H.-C.H., C.-C.C., C.-L.C., F.-Y.L., S.-J.H., Y.-H.Hu, M.-C.H., S.-D.L.); and Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (S.-D.L.)
| | - Yi-Hsiang Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine (Y.-H.Hs, H.-C.H., F.-Y.L., S.-J.H., Y.-H.Hu, M.-C.H.) and Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, (Y.-H.Hs, H.-C.H., C.-C.C., C.-L.C.), Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan (H.-C.H., C.-C.C., C.-L.C., F.-Y.L., S.-J.H., Y.-H.Hu, M.-C.H., S.-D.L.); and Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (S.-D.L.)
| | - Ming-Chih Hou
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine (Y.-H.Hs, H.-C.H., F.-Y.L., S.-J.H., Y.-H.Hu, M.-C.H.) and Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, (Y.-H.Hs, H.-C.H., C.-C.C., C.-L.C.), Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan (H.-C.H., C.-C.C., C.-L.C., F.-Y.L., S.-J.H., Y.-H.Hu, M.-C.H., S.-D.L.); and Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (S.-D.L.)
| | - Shou-Dong Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine (Y.-H.Hs, H.-C.H., F.-Y.L., S.-J.H., Y.-H.Hu, M.-C.H.) and Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, (Y.-H.Hs, H.-C.H., C.-C.C., C.-L.C.), Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan (H.-C.H., C.-C.C., C.-L.C., F.-Y.L., S.-J.H., Y.-H.Hu, M.-C.H., S.-D.L.); and Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (S.-D.L.)
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43
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Lang E, Pozdeev VI, Shinde PV, Xu HC, Sundaram B, Zhuang Y, Poschmann G, Huang J, Stühler K, Pandyra AA, Keitel V, Häussinger D, Lang KS, Lang PA. Cholestasis induced liver pathology results in dysfunctional immune responses after arenavirus infection. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12179. [PMID: 30111770 PMCID: PMC6093869 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30627-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune responses are critical for defense against pathogens. However, prolonged viral infection can result in defective T cell immunity, leading to chronic viral infection. We studied immune activation in response to arenavirus infection during cholestasis using bile duct ligation (BDL). We monitored T cell responses, virus load and liver pathology markers after infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). BDL mice failed to induce protective anti-viral immunity against LCMV and consequently exhibited chronic viral infection. BDL mice exhibited reduced anti-viral T cell immunity as well as reduced type 1 interferon production early after LCMV infection. Consistently, the presence of serum from BDL mice reduced the responsiveness of dendritic cell (DC) and T cell cultures when compared to Sham controls. Following fractionation and mass spectrometry analyses of sera, we identified several serum factors to be upregulated following BDL including bilirubin, bile acids, 78 kDa Glucose regulated protein (GRP78) and liver enzymes. Bilirubin and GRP78 were capable of inhibiting DC and T cell activation. In this work, we demonstrate that liver damage mediated by cholestasis results in defective immune induction following arenavirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Lang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstrasse. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Vitaly I Pozdeev
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstrasse. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Laboratory of Oncolytic-Virus-Immuno-Therapeutics (LOVIT), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neunheimer Feld 242, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Laboratory of Oncolytic-Virus-Immuno-Therapeutics (LOVIT), Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), 84, rue Val Fleuri, L-1526, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Prashant V Shinde
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstrasse. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Haifeng C Xu
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstrasse. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Balamurugan Sundaram
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstrasse. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Yuan Zhuang
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstrasse. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gereon Poschmann
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, Biomedical Research Center (BMFZ), Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Jun Huang
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstrasse. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kai Stühler
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, Biomedical Research Center (BMFZ), Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Duesseldorf, Germany.,Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Aleksandra A Pandyra
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstrasse. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Verena Keitel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dieter Häussinger
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Karl S Lang
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse. 55, Essen, 45147, Germany
| | - Philipp A Lang
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstrasse. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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44
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Li C. The Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in the Development of Fibrosis in Crohn’s Disease. EXPLORATORY RESEARCH AND HYPOTHESIS IN MEDICINE 2018; 3:33-41. [DOI: 10.14218/erhm.2018.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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45
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Saber S, Mahmoud AAA, Helal NS, El-Ahwany E, Abdelghany RH. Renin-angiotensin system inhibition ameliorates CCl 4-induced liver fibrosis in mice through the inactivation of nuclear transcription factor kappa B. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 96:569-576. [PMID: 29425464 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2017-0728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic interventions for liver fibrosis are still limited due to the complicated molecular pathogenesis. Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) seems to contribute to the development of hepatic fibrosis. Therefore, we aimed to examine the effect of RAS inhibition on CCl4-induced liver fibrosis. Mice were treated with silymarin (30 mg·kg-1), perindopril (1 mg·kg-1), fosinopril (2 mg·kg-1), or losartan (10 mg·kg-1). The administration of RAS inhibitors improved liver histology and decreased protein expression of alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and hepatic content of hydroxyproline. These effects found to be mediated via inactivation of nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NFκB) pathway by the inhibition of NFκB p65 phosphorylation at the Ser536 residue and phosphorylation-induced degradation of nuclear factor kappa-B inhibitor alpha (NFκBia) subsequently inhibited NFκB-induced TNF-α and TGF-β1, leading to lower levels of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). We concluded that the tissue affinity of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) has no impact on its antifibrotic activity and that interfering the RAS either through the inhibition of ACE or the blockade of AT1R has the same therapeutic benefit. These results suggest RAS inhibitors as promising candidates for further clinical trials in the management of hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh Saber
- a Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Amr A A Mahmoud
- b Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.,c Department of Pharmacology, Oman Pharmacy Institute, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Noha S Helal
- d Department of Pathology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Eman El-Ahwany
- e Department of Immunology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rasha H Abdelghany
- b Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
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46
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Abstract
Fibrosis is the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix that often occurs as a wound healing response to repeated or chronic tissue injury, and may lead to the disruption of organ architecture and loss of function. Although fibrosis was previously thought to be irreversible, recent evidence indicates that certain circumstances permit the resolution of fibrosis when the underlying causes of injury are eradicated. The mechanism of fibrosis resolution encompasses degradation of the fibrotic extracellular matrix as well as elimination of fibrogenic myofibroblasts through their adaptation of various cell fates, including apoptosis, senescence, dedifferentiation, and reprogramming. In this Review, we discuss the present knowledge and gaps in our understanding of how matrix degradation is regulated and how myofibroblast cell fates can be manipulated, areas that may identify potential therapeutic approaches for fibrosis.
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47
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Matsuda M, Tsurusaki S, Miyata N, Saijou E, Okochi H, Miyajima A, Tanaka M. Oncostatin M causes liver fibrosis by regulating cooperation between hepatic stellate cells and macrophages in mice. Hepatology 2018; 67:296-312. [PMID: 28779552 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Fibrosis is an important wound-healing process in injured tissues, but excessive fibrosis is often observed in patients with chronic inflammation. Although oncostatin M (OSM) has been reported to play crucial roles for recovery from acute liver injury by inducing tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (Timp1) expression, the role of OSM in chronic liver injury (CLI) is yet to be elucidated. Here, we show that OSM exerts powerful fibrogenic activity by regulating macrophage activation during CLI. Genetic ablation of the OSM gene alleviated fibrosis in a mouse model of chronic hepatitis. Conversely, continuous expression of OSM in a normal mouse liver by hydrodynamic tail vein injection (HTVi) induced severe fibrosis without necrotic damage of hepatocytes, indicating that OSM is involved in the fundamental process of liver fibrosis (LF) after hepatitis. In a primary coculture of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and hepatic macrophages (HMs), OSM up-regulated the expression of fibrogenic factors, such as transforming growth factor-β and platelet-derived growth factor in HMs, while inducing Timp1 expression in HSCs, suggesting the synergistic roles of OSM for collagen deposition in the liver. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting analyses using OSM-HTVi and OSM knockout mice have revealed that bone-marrow-derived monocyte/macrophage are responsive to OSM for profibrotic activation. Furthermore, depletion or blocking of HMs by administration of clodronate liposome or chemokine inhibitor prevented OSM-induced fibrosis. CONCLUSION OSM plays a crucial role in LF by coordinating the phenotypic change of HMs and HSCs. Our data suggest that OSM is a promising therapeutic target for LF. (Hepatology 2018;67:296-312).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michitaka Matsuda
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Tsurusaki
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Miyata
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiko Saijou
- Laboratory of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Okochi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Miyajima
- Laboratory of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minoru Tanaka
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Romualdo GR, Grassi TF, Goto RL, Tablas MB, Bidinotto LT, Fernandes AAH, Cogliati B, Barbisan LF. An integrative analysis of chemically-induced cirrhosis-associated hepatocarcinogenesis: Histological, biochemical and molecular features. Toxicol Lett 2017; 281:84-94. [PMID: 28943392 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed the integrative characterization of morphological, biochemical and molecular features of chemically-induced cirrhosis-associated hepatocarcinogenesis. Thus, male Wistar rats were submitted to a diethylnitrosamine (DEN)/thioacetamide (TAA)-induced model. Liver tissue was processed for global gene expression, histopathological and collagen evaluations; as well as immunohistochemical and oxidative stress analysis. Gene Ontology and functional analysis showed the upregulation of extracellular matrix deposition genes, such as collagen type I alpha 1 and 2 (Col1α1 and Col1α2) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 and 2 genes (Timp1 and Timp2). In agreement these findings, animals presented extensive liver cirrhosis with increased collagen deposition (Sirius red). Besides, the animals developed many glutathione S-transferase pi (GST-P)-positive preneoplastic lesions showing high cell proliferation (Ki-67), in keeping with the Gstp1 and Gstp2 increased gene expression. DEN/TAA-treated rats also showed the upregulation of tumorigenesis-related annexin A2 gene (Anxa2) and few neoplastic lesions (hepatocellular adenomas, carcinomas, and cholangiocarcinoma). In contrast, gene expression and activity of antioxidant enzymes were decreased (glutathione peroxidase, total glutathione-S-transferase, and catalase). The model featured remarkable similarities to human hepatocarcinogenesis. Our findings could bring up new molecular insights into cirrhosis-associated hepatocarcinogenesis, and provide a suitable animal model for the establishment of further diagnostic, preventive and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Ribeiro Romualdo
- Department of Pathology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu - SP, Brazil
| | - Tony Fernando Grassi
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu - SP, Brazil
| | - Renata Leme Goto
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu - SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana Baptista Tablas
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu - SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas Tadeu Bidinotto
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos - SP, Brazil; Barretos School of Health Sciences, Dr. Paulo Prata - FACISB, Barretos - SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Angélica Henrique Fernandes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu - SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno Cogliati
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo University (USP), São Paulo - SP, Brazil
| | - Luís Fernando Barbisan
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu - SP, Brazil.
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49
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Shi B, Shi J, Qin H. Effect of medicated serum of Curcumae Radix extract on mRNA expression of TIMP-1, MMPs-13 and aI-collagen of HSC-T6 cell. Saudi Pharm J 2017; 25:509-512. [PMID: 28579884 PMCID: PMC5447404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2017.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
To study the effect of medicated serum of Curcumae Radix (Yujin) on the mRNA expression of Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), Matrix metalloproteinases-13 (MMPs-13) and aI-collagen of Hepatic stellate cell-T6 (HSC-T6) cell. Twenty SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: high dose of Yujin group (16.2 g kg−1), medium dose of Yujin group (8.1 g kg−1), low dose of Yujin group (4.05 g kg−1) and blank control group (with the same volume of 0.9% saline). Yujin extract or 0.9% saline were administered daily by gavage to rats for 4d, after once administration of full-day dose for 1 h on the fourth day, ether anaesthesia was given, and blood was taken from abdominal aortic in asepsis condition for preparation of medicated serum. HSC-T6 cells were divided into 5 groups: high dose medicated serum of Yujin group, medium dose medicated serum of Yujin group, low dose medicated serum of Yujin group, medicated serum of blank control group and negative control group (added with the same volume of PBS instead of rat serum), after 48 h of simultaneous acting on HSC-T6 cells in all groups by the medicated serum with a concentration of 10%, the mRNA expression level of TIMP-1, MMPs-13 and aI-collagen was analyzed with RT-PCR. Compared with the negative control group, the mRNA expression level of TIMP-1, MMPs-13 and aI-collagen in all experimental groups increased significantly. Compared with the control group, the mRNA expression of aI-collagen and TIMP-1 was obviously inhibited in all medicated serum of Yujin groups (P < 0.01), meanwhile, the mRNA expression level of MMPs-13 was effectively improved (P < 0.05). The medicated serum of Yujin had an effect on the production and degradation of Extracellular matrix (ECM) of HSC-T6 cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Jingjing Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Huazhen Qin
- School of Pharmacy, GuangXi University of Chinese Medicine, NanNing 530001, China
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50
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Perumal N, Perumal M, Halagowder D, Sivasithamparam N. Morin attenuates diethylnitrosamine-induced rat liver fibrosis and hepatic stellate cell activation by co-ordinated regulation of Hippo/Yap and TGF-β1/Smad signaling. Biochimie 2017; 140:10-19. [PMID: 28552397 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2017.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Despite great progress in understanding the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) during liver fibrosis, therapeutic approaches to inhibit HSC activation remain very limited. Recent reports highlight Yes-associated protein (Yap) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) as critical regulators of HSC activation and henceforth a compound targeting Hippo/Yap and TGF-β1/Smad pathways would be a potential anti-fibrotic candidate. Morin, a dietary flavonoid, was earlier reported to inhibit HSC proliferation and induction of apoptosis of cultured HSCs, mainly by suppressing Wnt/β-catenin and NF-κB signaling, but its effect on Hippo/Yap and TGF-β1/Smad pathways was not determined. To address this concern, this study was carried out in cultured LX-2 cells and diethylnitrosamine-induced fibrotic rats. Morin activated hippo signaling through significantly increased expression of Mst1 and Lats1 with decreased expression of transcriptional effectors Yap/TAZ, thereby prevented HSC activation and also suppressed the expression of exacerbated TGF-β/Smad signaling molecules such as TGF-β1, p-Smad2/3, collagen-I, MMP-2, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in cultured LX-2 and DEN induced fibrotic rats. Both the in vitro and in vivo results clearly showed that, morin by acting on Hippo/Yap and TGF-β1/Smad pathways, ameliorated experimental liver fibrosis, indicating that morin has potential for effective treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- NaveenKumar Perumal
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - MadanKumar Perumal
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Devaraj Halagowder
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
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