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Erythropoietin and thrombopoietin mimetics: Natural alternatives to erythrocyte and platelet disorders. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2016; 108:175-186. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Hunter CJ, De Plaen IG. Inflammatory signaling in NEC: Role of NF-κB, cytokines and other inflammatory mediators. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 21:55-65. [PMID: 24388163 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2013.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine J Hunter
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, United States
| | - Isabelle G De Plaen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, 225 E Chicago Avenue, Box 45, Chicago, IL 60611, United States.
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Nogueira-Silva C, Piairo P, Carvalho-Dias E, Veiga C, Moura RS, Correia-Pinto J. The role of glycoprotein 130 family of cytokines in fetal rat lung development. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67607. [PMID: 23826327 PMCID: PMC3691159 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The glycoprotein 130 (gp130) dependent family of cytokines comprises interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-11, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), cardiotrophin-like cytokine (CLC), ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1) and oncostatin M (OSM). These cytokines share the membrane gp130 as a common signal transducer. Recently, it was demonstrated that IL-6 promotes, whereas LIF inhibits fetal lung branching. Thus, in this study, the effects on fetal lung morphogenesis of the other classical members of the gp130-type cytokines (IL-11, CLC, CNTF, CT-1 and OSM) were investigated. We also provide the first description of these cytokines and their common gp130 receptor protein expression patterns during rat lung development. Fetal rat lung explants were cultured in vitro with increasing concentrations of IL-11, CLC, CNTF, CT-1 and OSM. Treated lung explants were morphometrically analyzed and assessed for MAPK, PI3K/AKT and STAT3 signaling modifications. IL-11, which similarly to IL-6 acts through a gp130 homodimer receptor, significantly stimulated lung growth via p38 phosphorylation. On the other hand, CLC, CNTF, CT-1 and OSM, whose receptors are gp130 heterodimers, inhibited lung growth acting in different signal-transducing pathways. Thus, the present study demonstrated that although cytokines of the gp130 family share a common signal transducer, there are specific biological activities for each cytokine on lung development. Indeed, cytokine signaling through gp130 homodimers stimulate, whereas cytokine signaling through gp130 heterodimers inhibit lung branching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Nogueira-Silva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Paulina Piairo
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Emanuel Carvalho-Dias
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Department of Urology, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Carla Veiga
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rute S. Moura
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Jorge Correia-Pinto
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal
- * E-mail:
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Time- and segment-related changes of postresected intestine: a 4-dimensional model of intestinal adaptation. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2013; 56:40-5. [PMID: 22820122 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0b013e318268a9a4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to investigate the segment- and time-related changes in rat short bowel syndrome and construct a 4-dimensional (4D) geometrical model of intestinal adaptation. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups: 2-day, 7-day, and 15-day postresection groups in which 75% of the jejunoileum was removed. Histological and morphometrical parameters in the remaining proximal to distal intestinal segments, from the jejunum to the distal colon, were comparatively evaluated in the groups. The data were used to construct a 4D geometric model in which villi were considered as cylinders, and their surface area was expressed as cylinder lateral area. RESULTS Major adaptive changes were observed in the ileum consisting of an increase in both the diameter of base and the height of villi. A parallel reduction in their number/mm was observed. The resulting ileal architecture was characterized by a limited number of large villi. An opposite pattern was observed in the jejunum whose postresection structure consisted of an increased number of villi. No changes were observed in the colon. Postresection restructuring was early and faster in the ileum than in the jejunum resulting in an increase in absorptive area of 81.5% and 22.5% in the ileum and jejunum, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Postresection adaptation is intestinal segment-specific because all of the major changes occur in the ileum rather than in the jejunum. Sparing ileal segments during resection may improve the outcome of patients undergoing extensive intestinal resection. Our 4D model can be used to test interventions aimed at optimizing postresection intestinal adaptation.
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Deutscher N, Bataille F, Hausmann M, Kiessling S, Muller-Newen G, Leeb SN, Herfarth H, Heinrich PC, Schölmerich J, Rogler G. Functional expression of the interleukin-11 receptor alpha-chain in normal colonic epithelium and colon cancer. Int J Colorectal Dis 2006; 21:573-81. [PMID: 16292518 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-005-0055-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2005] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-11 (IL-11) has been evaluated as an anti-inflammatory and mucosa-protective therapeutic agent in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Activity of IL-11 requires binding to the alpha receptor subunit (IL-11Ralpha) that provides ligand specificity. Recently, we showed that in the intestinal mucosa, IL-11Ralpha is mainly present on epithelial cells mediating antiapoptotic effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression profiling of IL-11Ralpha and its downstream signaling cascade in colonic adenoma and carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS The expression of IL-11Ralpha in normal colonic mucosa, 11 colonic adenomas, and 10 carcinomas was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. In addition, IL-11Ralpha-expression and IL-11Ralpha-induced phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 were investigated by Western blot analysis. RESULTS Immunohistochemistry revealed significant IL-11-Ralpha expression in epithelial cells of normal colonic mucosa. In contrast, the expression of IL-11-Ralpha in colon adenomas and carcinomas was either absent or only detectable in very few scattered epithelial cells. Densitometric analysis of Western blots confirmed these results, showing a decrease of IL-11Ralpha-protein in cells isolated from adenomas or carcinomas. Reduced STAT3-phosphorylation in carcinoma cells indicated functional consequences of decreased IL-11Ralpha-protein expression on signal transduction. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates a decrease of IL-11-Ralpha-protein expression in epithelial cells isolated from colon carcinomas and adenomas compared to normal colonic mucosa and a reduced STAT3 signaling. Because of reduced binding and signal transduction, it is unlikely that therapeutically administered IL-11 would contribute to colorectal carcinoma induction and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Deutscher
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Regensburg, 93042 Regensburg, Germany
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Wang RJ, Peng RY, Fu KF, Gao YB, Han RG, Hu WH, Luo QL, Ma JJ. Effect of recombinant human interleukin-11 on expressions of interleukin-11 receptor α-chain and glycoprotein 130 in intestinal epithelium cell line-6 after neutron irradiation. World J Gastroenterol 2006; 12:3055-9. [PMID: 16718787 PMCID: PMC4124381 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v12.i19.3055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To explore the effect of recombinant human interleukin-11 (rhIL-11) on the expressions of interleukin-11 receptor α-chain (IL-11Rα) and an additional signal transducer glycoprotein 130 (gp130) in intestinal epithelium cell line-6 (IEC-6) after neutron irradiation.
METHODS: Cultured IEC-6 cells were exposed to 4.0Gy neutron and treated with 100 ng/mL rhIL-11 12 h prior to or immediately after irradiation. The apoptosis and necrosis rates and expressions of IL-11Rα and gp130 were observed by flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, Western blot and image analysis.
RESULTS: The apoptosis rate of IEC-6 cells was increased by irradiation at 6 h (P < 0.01), IL-11 stimulation resulted in a decreased apoptosis rate in irradiated IEC-6 cells (P < 0.05). In normal control IEC-6 cells, intense immunoreactivity of IL-11Rα was located within the cell membrane and cytoplasm. The level of IL-11Rα expression significantly decreased at 6 h after irradiation (P < 0.01) and restored at 24 h after irradiation. In IEC-6 cells treated with both radiation and rhIL-11, the level of IL-11Rα expression was higher than that of irradiated cells (P < 0.05). When it came to gp130 protein, it was located in the cytoplasm of IEC-6 cells. After irradiation, we found a progressive decrease in the expression of gp130 protein (P < 0.05) in 48 h post-radiation, while in rhIL-11-stimulated cells, it came back to normal level at 24 h after irradiation and decreased at 48 h, but was still higher than that of only irradiated cells (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: rhIL-11 can protect IEC-6 cells from neutron irradiation. The protective effect of rhIL-11 might be connected with its ability to up-regulate the expressions of specific ligand-binding subunit IL-11Rα and signal-transducing subunit gp130.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Juan Wang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
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Abstract
Thrombocytopenia is one of the most common hematologic problems in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Despite its prevalence,several basic pathophysiologic questions remain unanswered. For instance, there is a lack of evidence-based guidelines for treatment,and the kinetic mechanisms (decreased platelet production,increased platelet consumption, or sequestration) responsible for most varieties of neonatal thrombocytopenia are not well defined.Moreover, a clear correlation between degree of thrombocytopenia and the resulting bleeding risk has not been demonstrated, and no transfusion-trigger studies have been conducted in neonates. As a consequence of these deficiencies in knowledge, there is great variability in platelet transfusion practices among NICUs. This article presents an overview of the evaluation of a neonate with severe thrombocytopenia and a review of current and projected therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha C Sola
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, 1600 SW Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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Neu J. Arginine supplementation and the prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants. J Pediatr 2002; 140:389-91. [PMID: 12006949 DOI: 10.1067/mpd.2002.124306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Ray EC, Avissar NE, Sax HC. Growth factor regulation of enterocyte nutrient transport during intestinal adaptation. Am J Surg 2002; 183:361-71. [PMID: 11975923 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9610(02)00805-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal adaptation occurs in response to injury or alteration in nutrient availability. It is both morphologic and physiologic in nature and can be mediated by growth factors and nutrients. Pathologic conditions such as short-bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease lead to derangements in nutrient absorption that may exceed the body's regenerative and adaptive capacity. Failure to fully adapt often results in long-term dependence on parenteral nutrition, leading to decreased quality of life and excessive medical expenses. The therapeutic use of appropriate growth factors may increase the adaptive capabilities of the gut. DATA SOURCE Medline and current literature review. CONCLUSIONS The major known nutrient transporters present in the gut and the mechanisms by which growth factors alter transport activity during intestinal adaptation are summarized. Growth factors have the potential to improve nutrient absorption in some bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward C Ray
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Box SURG, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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Nadler EP, Stanford A, Zhang XR, Schall LC, Alber SM, Watkins SC, Ford HR. Intestinal cytokine gene expression in infants with acute necrotizing enterocolitis: interleukin-11 mRNA expression inversely correlates with extent of disease. J Pediatr Surg 2001; 36:1122-9. [PMID: 11479840 DOI: 10.1053/jpsu.2001.25726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE The authors have shown previously that surgical specimens from infants with acute necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) show upregulation of inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase (iNOS) and interferon-gamma mRNA. However, the contribution of other inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-8 (IL-8), IL-11, and IL-12 has not been defined. Likewise, the role of GTP-cyclohydrolase, the rate-limiting enzyme in tetrahydrobiopterin synthesis, and thus NO production by iNOS is unclear. In this study, the authors sought to further define the pattern of cytokine expression seen in infants with acute NEC. METHODS The authors measured intestinal cytokine mRNA expression by semiquantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction in 21 infants with histologically confirmed NEC, 18 with other inflammatory conditions, and in 9 patients without intestinal inflammation. Guanosine triphosphate-cyclohydrolase (GTP-CH) activity was measured by specific enzyme assay. Univariate exact logistic regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of outcome. RESULTS IL-8 and IL-11 mRNA were upregulated in patients with acute NEC compared with those with other inflammatory conditions or those without disease; these levels returned to baseline at the time of stoma closure. Increased IL-11 mRNA decreased the likelihood of pan-necrosis (odds ratio, 0.93; P =.002). Increased IL-12 levels (but not IL-8) seemed to protect against pan-necrosis (odds ratio, 0.70; P =.06). CONCLUSIONS Local upregulation of IL-11 may represent an adaptive response designed to limit the extent of intestinal damage in NEC. Decreased IL-12 levels may contribute to the pathogenesis of NEC by allowing bacteria to escape host defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- E P Nadler
- Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA 15213, USA
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Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis is an overwhelming gastrointestinal emergency that primarily afflicts premature infants born weighing less than 1500 g. Despite years of investigation, the etiology remains unclear, and accepted prevention and treatment strategies are lacking. Studies published over the last year have provided new insight into several aspects of this complex disease. In this review, novel information is presented on (1) the epidemiology; (2) methods of early diagnosis, such as abdominal magnetic resonance imaging; (3) the importance of risk factors, including assessment of feeding strategies and role of bacterial colonization; (4) the pathophysiology, highlighting experimental and clinical trials evaluating the role of inflammatory mediators and growth factors on the disease; (5) preventive strategies, such as anaerobic bacterial supplementation; and (6) surgical interventions, including peritoneal drainage. Understanding some of these important aspects of necrotizing enterocolitis may help improve the outlook of patients with this dreaded disease. Although the incidence of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and the mortality stemming from this disease have not significantly improved over the last 30 years, there is exciting new information that may significantly improve the outlook of patients with this overwhelming intestinal emergency in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Caplan
- Department of Pediatrics, Evanston Northwestern Healthcare, Northwestern University Medical School, Evanston, Illinois 60201, USA.
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Abstract
Study of the molecular and cellular biology of the small-intestinal mucosa is providing insights into the remarkable properties of this unique tissue. With its structured pattern of cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, and its ability to adapt following exposure to luminal nutrients or injury from surgery or pathogens, it functions in a regulated but responsive manner. We review recent publications on factors affecting development, gene expression, cell turnover, and adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A. Kitchen
- Gastroenterology Section, Department of Medicine, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
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Rodgers BM. Pediatric surgery. J Am Coll Surg 1999; 188:152-60. [PMID: 10024159 DOI: 10.1016/s1072-7515(98)00324-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B M Rodgers
- University of Virginia Health System, Department of Surgery, Charlottesville 22906, USA
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