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SARZYNSKI MARKA, RICE TREVAK, DESPRÉS JEANPIERRE, PÉRUSSE LOUIS, TREMBLAY ANGELO, STANFORTH PHILIPR, TCHERNOF ANDRÉ, BARBER JACOBL, FALCIANI FRANCESCO, CLISH CLARY, ROBBINS JEREMYM, GHOSH SUJOY, GERSZTEN ROBERTE, LEON ARTHURS, SKINNER JAMESS, RAO DC, BOUCHARD CLAUDE. The HERITAGE Family Study: A Review of the Effects of Exercise Training on Cardiometabolic Health, with Insights into Molecular Transducers. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2022; 54:S1-S43. [PMID: 35611651 PMCID: PMC9012529 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the HERITAGE Family Study was to investigate individual differences in response to a standardized endurance exercise program, the role of familial aggregation, and the genetics of response levels of cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiovascular disease and diabetes risk factors. Here we summarize the findings and their potential implications for cardiometabolic health and cardiorespiratory fitness. It begins with overviews of background and planning, recruitment, testing and exercise program protocol, quality control measures, and other relevant organizational issues. A summary of findings is then provided on cardiorespiratory fitness, exercise hemodynamics, insulin and glucose metabolism, lipid and lipoprotein profiles, adiposity and abdominal visceral fat, blood levels of steroids and other hormones, markers of oxidative stress, skeletal muscle morphology and metabolic indicators, and resting metabolic rate. These summaries document the extent of the individual differences in response to a standardized and fully monitored endurance exercise program and document the importance of familial aggregation and heritability level for exercise response traits. Findings from genomic markers, muscle gene expression studies, and proteomic and metabolomics explorations are reviewed, along with lessons learned from a bioinformatics-driven analysis pipeline. The new opportunities being pursued in integrative -omics and physiology have extended considerably the expected life of HERITAGE and are being discussed in relation to the original conceptual model of the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- MARK A. SARZYNSKI
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - TREVA K. RICE
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - JEAN-PIERRE DESPRÉS
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC, CANADA
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Center, Laval University, Québec, QC, CANADA
| | - LOUIS PÉRUSSE
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC, CANADA
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Quebec, QC, CANADA
| | - ANGELO TREMBLAY
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC, CANADA
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Quebec, QC, CANADA
| | - PHILIP R. STANFORTH
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - ANDRÉ TCHERNOF
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Center, Laval University, Québec, QC, CANADA
- School of Nutrition, Laval University, Quebec, QC, CANADA
| | - JACOB L. BARBER
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - FRANCESCO FALCIANI
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - CLARY CLISH
- Metabolomics Platform, Broad Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - JEREMY M. ROBBINS
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - SUJOY GHOSH
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program and Centre for Computational Biology, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, SINGAPORE
- Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - ROBERT E. GERSZTEN
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - ARTHUR S. LEON
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | | | - D. C. RAO
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - CLAUDE BOUCHARD
- Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA
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Abstract
Adrenarche is the maturational increase in adrenal androgen production that normally begins in early childhood. It results from changes in the secretory response to adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) that are best indexed by dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) rise. These changes are related to the development of the zona reticularis (ZR) and its unique gene/enzyme expression pattern of low 3ß-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 with high cytochrome b5A, sulfotransferase 2A1, and 17ß-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 5. Recently 11-ketotestosterone was identified as an important bioactive adrenarchal androgen. Birth weight, body growth, obesity, and prolactin are related to ZR development. Adrenarchal androgens normally contribute to the onset of sexual pubic hair (pubarche) and sebaceous and apocrine gland development. Premature adrenarche causes ≥90% of premature pubarche (PP). Its cause is unknown. Affected children have a significantly increased growth rate with proportionate bone age advancement that typically does not compromise growth potential. Serum DHEAS and testosterone levels increase to levels normal for early female puberty. It is associated with mildly increased risks for obesity, insulin resistance, and possibly mood disorder and polycystic ovary syndrome. Between 5% and 10% of PP is due to virilizing disorders, which are usually characterized by more rapid advancement of pubarche and compromise of adult height potential than premature adrenarche. Most cases are due to nonclassic congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Algorithms are presented for the differential diagnosis of PP. This review highlights recent advances in molecular genetic and developmental biologic understanding of ZR development and insights into adrenarche emanating from mass spectrometric steroid assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Rosenfield
- University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Yokomoto-Umakoshi M, Umakoshi H, Iwahashi N, Matsuda Y, Kaneko H, Ogata M, Fukumoto T, Terada E, Nakano Y, Sakamoto R, Ogawa Y. Protective Role of DHEAS in Age-related Changes in Bone Mass and Fracture Risk. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e4580-e4592. [PMID: 34415029 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) from the adrenal cortex substantially decreases with age, which may accelerate osteoporosis. However, the association of DHEAS with bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture is inconclusive. We conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the role of DHEAS in age-related changes in BMD and fracture risk. METHODS Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with serum DHEAS concentrations were used as instrumental variables (4 SNPs for main analysis; 4 SNPs for men and 5 SNPs for women in sex-related analysis). Summary statistics were obtained from relevant genome-wide association studies. RESULTS A log-transformed unit (µmol/L) increase in serum DHEAS concentrations was associated with an SD increase in estimated BMD at the heel (estimate, 0.120; 95% CI, 0.081-0.158; P = 9 × 10-10), and decreased fracture (odds ratio, 0.989; 95% CI, 0.981-0.996; P = 0.005), consistent with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-derived BMD at the femoral neck and lumbar spine. Their associations remained even after adjusting for height, body mass index, testosterone, estradiol, sex hormone-binding globulin, and insulin-like growth factor 1. The association of DHEAS with fracture remained after adjusting for falls, grip strength, and physical activity but was attenuated after adjusting for BMD. The MR-Bayesian model averaging analysis showed BMD was the top mediating factor for association of DHEAS with fracture. The association between DHEAS and BMD was observed in men but not in women. CONCLUSION DHEAS was associated with increased BMD and decreased fracture. DHEAS may play a protective role in decreasing fracture risk, mainly by increasing bone mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Yokomoto-Umakoshi
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hironobu Umakoshi
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Norifusa Iwahashi
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yayoi Matsuda
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kaneko
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Ogata
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tazuru Fukumoto
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Eriko Terada
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yui Nakano
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Sakamoto
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ogawa
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Li H, Ji C, Yang L, Zhuang C. Heritability of serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate levels and pubertal development in 6∼18-year-old girls: a twin study. Ann Hum Biol 2016; 44:325-331. [PMID: 27658887 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2016.1240232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS), the most plentiful circulating adrenal hormone, may be considered as a marker of the onset of adrenarche and is involved in pubertal development and metabolic disorders. AIM The objective of this study is to determine the genetic and environmental influences on the variation of basal DHEAS levels and pubertal development in pubertal girls. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Three hundred and sixty twin girls aged 6-18-years were enrolled, consisting of 132 monozygotic pairs and 48 dizygotic pairs. Anthropometric and sexual characteristics were examined. Serum DHEAS was measured by RIA. Estimates of genetic and environmental components of variance were based on the theory of normal maximum likelihood in Mx package. RESULTS Serum DHEAS concentrations of PH-II and PH-III were significantly higher than Tanner stage PH-I (p < .05) and maintained higher levels in PH-IV ∼ V. Heritability of serum DHEAS estimated by model-fitting on data from 180-pairs of twins is 0.61 (0.52-0.70), the rest of the variance in DHEAS levels could be explained by unique environmental influences and age. The heritabilities of DHEAS in two pubertal sub-groups (PH-I and PH-II-V) are 0.82 (0.71-0.90) and 0.63 (0.52-0.74), respectively. The heritability index of menarche, breast development and pube development are 0.71, 0.35 and 0.45, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Serum DHEAS concentrations of pubertal girls are mainly influenced by genetic factors, especially during the period of adrenarche. The results stress the importance of research into the genetic regulation of the endocrine regulators involved in adrenarche and related metabolic disorders in girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjuan Li
- a School of Sport Science , Beijing Sport University , Beijing , PR China
| | - Chengye Ji
- b Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing , PR China
| | - Liu Yang
- a School of Sport Science , Beijing Sport University , Beijing , PR China
| | - Cheng Zhuang
- a School of Sport Science , Beijing Sport University , Beijing , PR China
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Goodarzi MO, Carmina E, Azziz R. DHEA, DHEAS and PCOS. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 145:213-25. [PMID: 25008465 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 20-30% of PCOS women demonstrate excess adrenal precursor androgen (APA) production, primarily using DHEAS as a marker of APA in general and more specifically DHEA, synthesis. The role of APA excess in determining or causing PCOS is unclear, although observations in patients with inherited APA excess (e.g., patients with 21-hydroxylase deficient congenital classic or non-classic adrenal hyperplasia) demonstrate that APA excess can result in a PCOS-like phenotype. Inherited defects of the enzymes responsible for steroid biosynthesis, or defects in cortisol metabolism, account for only a very small fraction of women suffering from hyperandrogenism or APA excess. Rather, women with PCOS and APA excess appear to have a generalized exaggeration in adrenal steroidogenesis in response to ACTH stimulation, although they do not have an overt hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction. In general, extra-adrenal factors, including obesity, insulin and glucose levels, and ovarian secretions, play a limited role in the increased APA production observed in PCOS. Substantial heritabilities of APAs, particularly DHEAS, have been found in the general population and in women with PCOS; however, the handful of SNPs discovered to date account only for a small portion of the inheritance of these traits. Paradoxically, and as in men, elevated levels of DHEAS appear to be protective against cardiovascular risk in women, although the role of DHEAS in modulating this risk in women with PCOS remains unknown. In summary, the exact cause of APA excess in PCOS remains unclear, although it may reflect a generalized and inherited exaggeration in androgen biosynthesis of an inherited nature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ricardo Azziz
- Georgia Regents University, Office of the President, 120 15th St., AA 311, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
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Vandenput L, Ohlsson C. Genome-wide association studies on serum sex steroid levels. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 382:758-766. [PMID: 23541950 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Even though the levels of circulating sex steroid hormones are to a large extent heritable, their genetic determinants are largely unknown. With the advent of genome-wide association studies (GWAS), much progress has been made and several genetic loci have been identified to be associated with serum levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin. The variants identified so far only explain a small amount of the overall heritability, but may help to elucidate the role of sex steroid hormones in common disorders such as hypogonadism, type 2 diabetes and hormone-sensitive cancers. This review provides an overview of the current state of knowledge of the genetic determinants of sex steroid hormones, with a focus on recent GWAS and brief directions for elucidating the remaining heritability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liesbeth Vandenput
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Blevins JK, Coxworth JE, Herndon JG, Hawkes K. Brief communication: Adrenal androgens and aging: Female chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) compared with women. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2013; 151:643-8. [PMID: 23818143 PMCID: PMC4412270 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cycling continues to similar ages in women and chimpanzees yet our nearest living cousins become decrepit during their fertile years and rarely outlive them. Given the importance of estrogen in maintaining physiological systems aside from fertility, similar ovarian aging in humans and chimpanzees combined with somatic aging differences indicates an important role for nonovarian estrogen. Consistent with this framework, researchers have nominated the adrenal androgen dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulfate (DHEAS), which can be peripherally converted to estrogen, as a biomarker of aging in humans and other primates. Faster decline in production of this steroid with age in chimpanzees could help explain somatic aging differences. Here, we report circulating levels of DHEAS in captive female chimpanzees and compare them with published levels in women. Instead of faster, the decline is slower in chimpanzees, but from a much lower peak. Levels reported for other great apes are lower still. These results point away from slowed decline but toward increased DHEAS production as one of the mechanisms underlying the evolution of human longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- James K. Blevins
- Department of Anthropology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- Department of Biology, Salt Lake Community College, Salt Lake City, UT
| | | | - James G. Herndon
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Kristen Hawkes
- Department of Anthropology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
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Prom-Wormley EC, York TP, Jacobson KC, Eaves LJ, Mendoza SP, Hellhammer D, Maninger N, Levine S, Lupien S, Lyons MJ, Hauger R, Xian H, Franz CE, Kremen WS. Genetic and environmental effects on diurnal dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate concentrations in middle-aged men. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2011; 36:1441-52. [PMID: 21570195 PMCID: PMC3183407 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2011.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2010] [Revised: 01/27/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) is important for its association with immune system function and health outcomes. The characterization of the genetic and environmental contributions to daily DHEAS concentrations is thus important for understanding the genetics of health and aging. METHODS Saliva was collected from 783 middle-aged men (389 complete pairs and 5 unpaired twins) as part of the Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging. Samples were taken at multiple specified time points across two non-consecutive days in the home and one day at the study sites. A twin modeling approach was used to estimate genetic and environmental contributions for time-specific and average DHEAS concentrations. RESULTS There was a consistent diurnal pattern for DHEAS concentrations in both at-home and day-of-testing (DOT) measures, which was the highest at awakening and decreased slightly throughout the day. Heritability estimates were significant for measures at 10 am, 3 pm and bedtime for the in-home days and at 10 am and 3 pm on the DOT, ranging between 0.37 and 0.46. CONCLUSIONS The significant heritability estimates later in the day reflect time-specific genetic effects for DHEAS, compared with prior twin and family designs studies which frequently used averaged morning-only measures. Additive genetic influences on DHEAS concentrations were consistent between at-home and DOT measures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Timothy P. York
- Virginia Institute for Behavioral and Psychiatric Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University
| | | | - Lindon J. Eaves
- Virginia Institute for Behavioral and Psychiatric Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University
| | - Sally P. Mendoza
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis
| | | | - Nicole Maninger
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis
| | - Seymour Levine
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California Davis
| | - Sonia Lupien
- Mental Health Research Centre Fernand Seguin, Hôpital Louis-H Lafontaine, Université de Montréal, Canada
| | | | - Richard Hauger
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego,VA San Diego Healthcare System
| | - Hong Xian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University
| | - Carol E. Franz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego
| | - William S. Kremen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego,VA San Diego Healthcare System
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Zhai G, Teumer A, Stolk L, Perry JRB, Vandenput L, Coviello AD, Koster A, Bell JT, Bhasin S, Eriksson J, Eriksson A, Ernst F, Ferrucci L, Frayling TM, Glass D, Grundberg E, Haring R, Hedman ÅK, Hofman A, Kiel DP, Kroemer HK, Liu Y, Lunetta KL, Maggio M, Lorentzon M, Mangino M, Melzer D, Miljkovic I, Nica A, Penninx BWJH, Vasan RS, Rivadeneira F, Small KS, Soranzo N, Uitterlinden AG, Völzke H, Wilson SG, Xi L, Zhuang WV, Harris TB, Murabito JM, Ohlsson C, Murray A, de Jong FH, Spector TD, Wallaschofski H. Eight common genetic variants associated with serum DHEAS levels suggest a key role in ageing mechanisms. PLoS Genet 2011; 7:e1002025. [PMID: 21533175 PMCID: PMC3077384 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2010] [Accepted: 01/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) is the most abundant circulating steroid secreted by adrenal glands--yet its function is unknown. Its serum concentration declines significantly with increasing age, which has led to speculation that a relative DHEAS deficiency may contribute to the development of common age-related diseases or diminished longevity. We conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide association data with 14,846 individuals and identified eight independent common SNPs associated with serum DHEAS concentrations. Genes at or near the identified loci include ZKSCAN5 (rs11761528; p = 3.15 × 10(-36)), SULT2A1 (rs2637125; p = 2.61 × 10(-19)), ARPC1A (rs740160; p = 1.56 × 10(-16)), TRIM4 (rs17277546; p = 4.50 × 10(-11)), BMF (rs7181230; p = 5.44 × 10(-11)), HHEX (rs2497306; p = 4.64 × 10(-9)), BCL2L11 (rs6738028; p = 1.72 × 10(-8)), and CYP2C9 (rs2185570; p = 2.29 × 10(-8)). These genes are associated with type 2 diabetes, lymphoma, actin filament assembly, drug and xenobiotic metabolism, and zinc finger proteins. Several SNPs were associated with changes in gene expression levels, and the related genes are connected to biological pathways linking DHEAS with ageing. This study provides much needed insight into the function of DHEAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangju Zhai
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Lisette Stolk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium of Healthy Ageing, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John R. B. Perry
- Genetics of Complex Traits, Peninsula Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Liesbeth Vandenput
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andrea D. Coviello
- Sections of General Internal Medicine, Preventive Medicine, Cardiology and Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Annemarie Koster
- Laboratory for Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jordana T. Bell
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Shalender Bhasin
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Joel Eriksson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Eriksson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Florian Ernst
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Clinical Research Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Timothy M. Frayling
- Genetics of Complex Traits, Peninsula Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Glass
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elin Grundberg
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hixton, United Kingdom
| | - Robin Haring
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Åsa K. Hedman
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Albert Hofman
- Netherlands Consortium of Healthy Ageing, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Douglas P. Kiel
- Hebrew Senior Life Institute for Aging Research and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Heyo K. Kroemer
- Center of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmacology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kathryn L. Lunetta
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Marcello Maggio
- Department of Internal Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Section of Geriatrics, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Mattias Lorentzon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Melzer
- Genetics of Complex Traits, Peninsula Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Iva Miljkovic
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | | | - Alexandra Nica
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hixton, United Kingdom
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Ramachandran S. Vasan
- Sections of General Internal Medicine, Preventive Medicine, Cardiology and Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- The National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium of Healthy Ageing, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kerrin S. Small
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hixton, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole Soranzo
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hixton, United Kingdom
| | - André G. Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium of Healthy Ageing, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Scott G. Wilson
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Australia
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Li Xi
- Molecular Medicine – Computational Biology, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Wei Vivian Zhuang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Tamara B. Harris
- Laboratory for Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Joanne M. Murabito
- Sections of General Internal Medicine, Preventive Medicine, Cardiology and Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- The National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Murray
- Genetics of Complex Traits, Peninsula Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Frank H. de Jong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tim D. Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Henri Wallaschofski
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Canzian F, Cox DG, Setiawan VW, Stram DO, Ziegler RG, Dossus L, Beckmann L, Blanché H, Barricarte A, Berg CD, Bingham S, Buring J, Buys SS, Calle EE, Chanock SJ, Clavel-Chapelon F, DeLancey JOL, Diver WR, Dorronsoro M, Haiman CA, Hallmans G, Hankinson SE, Hunter DJ, Hüsing A, Isaacs C, Khaw KT, Kolonel LN, Kraft P, Le Marchand L, Lund E, Overvad K, Panico S, Peeters PHM, Pollak M, Thun MJ, Tjønneland A, Trichopoulos D, Tumino R, Yeager M, Hoover RN, Riboli E, Thomas G, Henderson BE, Kaaks R, Feigelson HS. Comprehensive analysis of common genetic variation in 61 genes related to steroid hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I metabolism and breast cancer risk in the NCI breast and prostate cancer cohort consortium. Hum Mol Genet 2010; 19:3873-84. [PMID: 20634197 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddq291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There is extensive evidence that increases in blood and tissue concentrations of steroid hormones and of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) are associated with breast cancer risk. However, studies of common variation in genes involved in steroid hormone and IGF-I metabolism have yet to provide convincing evidence that such variants predict breast cancer risk. The Breast and Prostate Cancer Cohort Consortium (BPC3) is a collaboration of large US and European cohorts. We genotyped 1416 tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 37 steroid hormone metabolism genes and 24 IGF-I pathway genes in 6292 cases of breast cancer and 8135 controls, mostly Caucasian, postmenopausal women from the BPC3. We also imputed 3921 additional SNPs in the regions of interest. None of the SNPs tested was significantly associated with breast cancer risk, after correction for multiple comparisons. The results remained null when cases and controls were stratified by age at diagnosis/recruitment, advanced or nonadvanced disease, body mass index, with or without in situ cases; or restricted to Caucasians. Among 770 estrogen receptor-negative cases, an SNP located 3' of growth hormone receptor (GHR) was marginally associated with increased risk after correction for multiple testing (P(trend) = 1.5 × 10(-4)). We found no significant overall associations between breast cancer and common germline variation in 61 genes involved in steroid hormone and IGF-I metabolism in this large, comprehensive study. Although previous studies have shown that variations in these genes can influence endogenous hormone levels, the magnitude of the effect of single SNPs does not appear to be sufficient to alter breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Canzian
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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11
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Goodarzi MO, Antoine HJ, Azziz R. Genes for enzymes regulating dehydroepiandrosterone sulfonation are associated with levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007; 92:2659-64. [PMID: 17426092 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2006-2600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The adrenal androgen (AA) metabolite dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) is often elevated in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS); AA excess in PCOS appears to be, in part, a heritable trait. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) sulfonation is controlled by the enzymes DHEA sulfotransferase (SULT2A1) and steroid sulfatase (STS). Polymorphisms in these genes have not been evaluated as modulators of DHEAS level in PCOS. OBJECTIVE The aim was to test the hypothesis that variants in the SULT2A1 and STS genes are associated with DHEAS levels in women with PCOS. DESIGN Women with and without PCOS were genotyped for seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in SULT2A1 and seven SNPs in STS. SNPs and haplotypes were determined and tested for association with DHEAS. SETTING Subjects were recruited from the reproductive endocrinology clinic at the University of Alabama at Birmingham; controls were recruited from the surrounding community. Genotyping took place at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles. PARTICIPANTS A total of 287 white women with PCOS and 187 controls participated in the study. MAIN MEASUREMENTS SULT2A1 and STS genotype and DHEAS levels were measured. RESULTS In women with PCOS, SNP rs182420 in SULT2A1 was associated with DHEAS (P = 0.0035). Two haplotypes carrying the minor allele of rs182420 were also associated with DHEAS (P = 0.04 each). Variants within STS were not associated with DHEAS level. No associations were observed in control women. CONCLUSION This study presents genetic evidence suggesting a potential role of SULT2A1, but not STS, in the inherited AA excess of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark O Goodarzi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA
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12
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Brutsaert TD, Parra EJ. What makes a champion? Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2006; 151:109-23. [PMID: 16448865 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2005.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2005] [Revised: 12/12/2005] [Accepted: 12/21/2005] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Variation in human athletic performance is determined by a complex interaction of socio-cultural, psychological, and proximate physiological factors. Human physiological trait variance has both an environmental and genetic basis, although the classic gene-environment dichotomy is clearly too simplistic to understand the full range of variation for most proximate determinants of athletic performance, e.g., body composition. In other words, gene and environment interact, not just over the short term, but also over the lifetime of an individual with permanent effects on the adult phenotype. To further complicate matters, gene and environment may also be correlated. That is, genetically gifted individuals may be identified as children and begin training pulmonary, cardiovascular, and muscle systems at an early critical age. This review covers evidence in support of a genetic basis to human athletic performance, with some emphasis on the recent explosion of candidate gene studies. In addition, the review covers environmental influences on athletic performance with an emphasis on irreversible environmental effects, i.e., developmental effects that may accrue during critical periods of development either before conception (epigenetic effects), during fetal life (fetal programming), or during childhood and adolescence. Throughout, we emphasize the importance of gene-environment interaction (G x E) as a means of understanding variation in human physiological performance and we promote studies that integrate genomics with developmental biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom D Brutsaert
- Department of Anthropology, 1400 Washington Ave., The University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, NY 12222, USA.
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Witchel SF, Kahsar-Miller M, Aston CE, White C, Azziz R. Prevalence of CYP21 mutations and IRS1 variant among women with polycystic ovary syndrome and adrenal androgen excess. Fertil Steril 2005; 83:371-5. [PMID: 15705377 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2003] [Revised: 10/14/2004] [Accepted: 10/14/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether frequencies of the mutations in the 21-hydroxylase (CYP21) gene and the G972R variant of the insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS1) gene are increased in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and adrenal androgen (AA) excess. DESIGN Prospective case-control study. SETTING University reproductive endocrinology laboratory and outpatient clinic. PATIENT(S) Consecutive patients of non-Hispanic white race diagnosed with PCOS (n = 114) and healthy controls (n = 95). INTERVENTION(S) Blood and DNA sampling before hormonal therapy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Polycystic ovary syndrome patient and healthy control genotypes, with the CYP21 and IRS1 variants. RESULT(S) Fifty-four PCOS patients with (DHEAS >3000 ng/mL) and 55 without (DHEAS <2500 ng/mL) AA excess, respectively, were studied. Of 109 patients studied, 16 (14.7%) were found to be heterozygous carriers of mutations in the CYP21 gene. Of these 16, 10 (62.5%) had excessive AA secretion (i.e., excess DHEAS levels). Fifteen patients (13.8%) were found to be heterozygous carriers of the IRS1 variant; 9 (60.0%) of these 15 had excessive AA secretion. There were no significant differences in the allele frequency of CYP21 mutations or the IRS1 variant between PCOS patients with and without AA excess, and controls. None of the subjects were found to be homozygous carriers of CYP21 mutations or the IRS1 variant. Combined heterozygosity for CYP21 mutations and the IRS1 variant was limited to women with PCOS and excessive AA (n = 3). CONCLUSION(S) The G972R variant of the IRS1 gene might represent a modifier locus among women who are heterozygous carriers of CYP21 mutations, potentially increasing their risk of developing AA excess in PCOS. Nonetheless, this IRS1 variant and CYP21 mutations seem to play a limited role in the development of PCOS in the population studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma F Witchel
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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Riechman SE, Fabian TJ, Kroboth PD, Ferrell RE. Steroid sulfatase gene variation and DHEA responsiveness to resistance exercise in MERET. Physiol Genomics 2004; 17:300-6. [PMID: 15152080 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00097.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic influences and endurance exercise have been shown to alter circulating concentrations of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulfated conjugate, DHEAS. We hypothesized that acute resistance exercise (RE) and training (RET) would increase DHEA steroids, and the magnitude of the increase would be influenced by a steroid sulfatase (STS) gene variation. Fasting blood samples were collected before and after the first ( S1) and last ( S30) session of a 10-wk RET program in 62 men and 58 women [age: 21.0 yr (2.4)]. Acute RE increased both DHEA [+2.8 (0.4), S1; +1.6 ng/ml (0.4), S30; P < 0.001] and DHEAS [+154 ( 24 ), S1; +166 ng/ml ( 15 ), S30; P < 0.001] and decreased DHEAS:DHEA [−27 ( 8 ), S1; −15 ( 7 ), S30; P < 0.01]. RET reduced resting DHEAS (−122 ng/ml, P < 0.01) and decreased DHEA response to RE (−50%, P < 0.05). Subjects with an STS “G” allele ( n = 36) had greater acute changes in DHEA [+4.4 (0.7) vs. +2.0 ng/ml (0.5), S1; +3.2 (0.6) vs. +1.0 ng/ml (0.4), S30; P < 0.01] and DHEAS:DHEA [−37 ( 11 ) vs. 5 ( 7 ), S30, P < 0.05] than those subjects with only an “A” allele ( n = 84). The observed increase in DHEA and DHEAS and decrease in DHEAS:DHEA suggest RE-induced STS activation which is influenced by the STS polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven E Riechman
- School of Exercise Leisure and Sport, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, USA.
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