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Liu X, Tan XL, Xia M, Wu C, Song J, Wu JJ, Laurence A, Xie QG, Zhang MZ, Liang HF, Zhang BX, Chen XP. Loss of 11βHSD1 enhances glycolysis, facilitates intrahepatic metastasis, and indicates poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2016; 7:2038-53. [PMID: 26700460 PMCID: PMC4811515 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
11Beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11βHSD1), converting glucocorticoids from hormonally inactive cortisone to active cortisol, plays an essential role in glucose homeostasis. Accumulating evidence suggests that enhanced glycolytic activity is closely associated with postoperative recurrence and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Whether 11βHSD1 contributes to HCC metastasis and recurrence remains unclear. Here we found that expression of 11βHSD1 in human HCC (310 pairs) was frequently decreased compared to the adjacent non-neoplastic liver tissues (ANT), which correlated well with the intrahepatic-metastatic index, serum glycemia, and other malignant clinicopathological characteristics of HCC and predicted poor prognosis. Knockdown of 11βHSD1 in BEL-7402 cells drastically reduced the pH of culture medium and induced cell death. Meanwhile, overexpression of 11βHSD1 in SMMC-7721 HCC cells resulted in repression of cell migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and proliferation in vitro. When transferred into BALB/c nude mice, 11βHSD1 overexpression resulted in decreased intrahepatic metastasis, angiogenesis, and tumor size. F-18-2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose accumulation assay measured by positron emission tomography elucidated that 11βHSD1 reduced glucose uptake and glycolysis in SMMC-7721 cells in vitro, and intrahepatic metastasis foci and subcutaneous tumor growth in vivo. We showed that 11βHSD1 repressed cell metastasis, angiogenesis and proliferation of HCC by causing disruption of glycolysis via the HIF-1α and c-MYC pathways. In conclusion, 11βHSD1 inhibits the intrahepatic metastasis of HCC via restriction of tumor glycolysis activity and may serve as a prognostic biomarker for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Liu
- Hepatic Surgery Centre, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Long Tan
- Hepatic Surgery Centre, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Meng Xia
- Hepatic Surgery Centre, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Hepatic Surgery Centre, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jia Song
- Hepatic Surgery Centre, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jing-Jing Wu
- Hepatic Surgery Centre, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Arian Laurence
- The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Qing-Guo Xie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ming-Zhi Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Hui-Fang Liang
- Hepatic Surgery Centre, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bi-Xiang Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Centre, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Chen
- Hepatic Surgery Centre, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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A novel cell cycle blocker extracted from Stellera chamaejasme L. inhibits the proliferation of hepatocarcinoma cells. Oncol Rep 2016; 35:3480-8. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Yang S, Jiang L, Zhang MZ. 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type II is a Potential Target for Prevention of Colorectal Tumorigenesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 1. [PMID: 23936870 DOI: 10.13188/2325-2340.1000002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer death, yet primary prevention remains the best approach to reducing overall morbidity and mortality. There is a clear molecular link between cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-derived prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production and CRC progression. Although selective COX-2 inhibitors as well as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) reduce the number and sizes of colonic adenomas, increased cardiovascular risks of selective COX-2 inhibitors and increased gastrointestinal side-effects of NSAIDs limit their use in chemoprevention of CRC. Glucocorticoids induce apoptosis and are endogenous, potent COX-2 inhibitors. Glucocorticoids have been used for the treatment of hematologic malignancies, but not for solid tumors due to adverse side-effects such as immunosuppression and osteoporosis. In tissues, glucocorticoid actions are down-regulated by t y p e 2 1 1 β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11βHSD2), and inhibition of 11βHSD2 activity will elevate intracellular active glucocorticoid to levels that effectively suppress COX-2 expression. Both COX-2 and 11βHSD2 increase in Apc+/min mouse intestinal adenomas and human colonic adenomas and either pharmacologic or genetic 11βHSD2 inhibition leads to decreases in COX-2-mediated PGE2 production in tumors and prevents adenoma formation, tumor growth, and metastasis. 11βHSD2 inhibition may represent a novel approach for CRC chemoprevention by increasing tumor cell intracellular glucocorticoid activity, which in turn inhibits tumor growth by suppressing the COX-2-derived PGE2 pathway, as well as other pathways, without potential side-effects relating to chronic application of COX-2 inhibitors, NSAIDs and glucocorticoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilin Yang
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
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Spugnini EP, Fanciulli M, Citro G, Baldi A. Preclinical models in electrochemotherapy: the role of veterinary patients. Future Oncol 2012; 8:829-37. [DOI: 10.2217/fon.12.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrochemotherapy is a tumor treatment that adapts the systemic or local delivery of anticancer drugs by the application of permeabilizing electric pulses with appropriate amplitude and waveforms. This allows the use of lipophobic drugs, which frequently have a narrow therapeutic index, with a decreased morbidity for the patient, while maintaining appropriate anticancer efficacy. Electrochemotherapy is used in humans for the treatment of cutaneous neoplasms or the palliation of skin tumor metastases, and a standard operating procedure has been devised. In veterinary oncology, the electrochemotherapy approach is gaining popularity, becoming a first-line treatment in consideration of its high efficacy and low toxicity. This review summarizes the state of the art in veterinary oncology as a preclinical model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maurizio Fanciulli
- SAFU Department, Regina Elena Cancer Institute, Via delle Messi d’Oro 156, Rome 00158, Italy
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Uskudar O, Raja K, Schiano TD, Fiel MI, del Rio Martin J, Chang C. Liver transplantation is possible in some patients with liver metastasis of colon cancer. Transplant Proc 2011; 43:2070-4. [PMID: 21693328 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2011.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Liver metastases from colorectal cancer are an absolute contraindication for liver transplantation. Aggressive therapy with liver resection and local chemotherapy in selected patients may be able to provide long-term cure. Given the risks of tumor recurrence, whether patients with post chemotherapy complications leading to liver failure should be offered transplantation is a challenging question in an era of limited organ availability. Herein we have presented 2 cases of liver transplantation performed in patients with colorectal cancer metastases treated with liver resection followed by hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy leading to development of sclerosing cholangitis and eventual liver failure. This report demonstrates that liver transplantation may be an option in selected patients with colorectal cancer liver metastases that have been well treated.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Uskudar
- Division of Liver Diseases, The Mount Sinai Hospital, Recanati-Miller Transplantation Institute, New York, NY, USA
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Spugnini EP, Renaud SM, Buglioni S, Carocci F, Dragonetti E, Murace R, Cardelli P, Vincenzi B, Baldi A, Citro G. Electrochemotherapy with cisplatin enhances local control after surgical ablation of fibrosarcoma in cats: an approach to improve the therapeutic index of highly toxic chemotherapy drugs. J Transl Med 2011; 9:152. [PMID: 21917133 PMCID: PMC3182914 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-9-152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer is one of the most difficult current health challenges, being responsible for millions of deaths yearly. Systemic chemotherapy is the most common therapeutic approach, and the prevailing orientation calls for the administration of the maximum tolerated dose; however, considerable limitations exist including toxicities to healthy tissues and low achievable drug concentrations at tumor sites. Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is a tumor treatment that combines the systemic or local delivery of anticancer drugs with the application of permeabilizing electric pulses. In this article we evaluate the capability of ECT to allow the use of cisplatin despite its high toxicity in a spontaneous feline model of soft tissue sarcoma. Methods A cohort of sixty-four cats with incompletely excised sarcomas were treated with cisplatin-based adjuvant ECT and monitored for side effects. Their response was compared to that of fourteen cats treated with surgery alone. Results The toxicities were minimal and mostly treated symptomatically. ECT resulted in increased local control (median not reached at the time of writing) with a mean time to recurrence of 666 days versus 180 of controls. Conclusions We conclude that ECT is a safe and efficacious therapy for solid tumors; its use may be considered as part of strategies for the reintroduction of drugs with a narrow therapeutic index in the clinical protocols.
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Xu X, Yang G, Zhang H, Prestwich GD. Evaluating dual activity LPA receptor pan-antagonist/autotaxin inhibitors as anti-cancer agents in vivo using engineered human tumors. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2009; 89:140-6. [PMID: 19682598 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2009.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2009] [Revised: 07/29/2009] [Accepted: 07/29/2009] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Using an in situ cross-linkable hydrogel that mimics the extracellular matrix (ECM), cancer cells were encapsulated and injected in vivo following a "tumor engineering" strategy for orthotopic xenografts. Specifically, we created several three-dimensional (3D) human tumor xenografts and evaluated the tumor response to BrP-LPA, a novel dual function LPA antagonist/ATX inhibitor (LPAa/ATXi). First, we describe the model system and the optimization of semi-synthetic ECM (sECM) compositions and injection parameters for engineered xenografts. Second, we summarize a study to compare angiogenesis inhibition in vivo, comparing BrP-LPA to the kinase inhibitor sunitinib maleate (Sutent). Third, we compare treatment of engineered breast tumors with LPAa/ATXi alone with treatment with Taxol. Fourth, using a re-optimized sECM for non-small cell lung cancer cells, we created reproducibly sized subcutaneous lung tumors and evaluated their response to treatment with LPAa/ATXi. Fifth, we summarize the data on the use of LPAa/ATXi to treat a model for colon cancer metastasis to the liver. Taken together, these improved, more realistic xenografts show considerable utility for evaluating the potential of novel anti-metastatic, anti-proliferative, and anti-angiogenic compounds that modify signal transduction through the LPA signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and The Center for Therapeutic Biomaterials, The University of Utah, Suite 205, Salt Lake City, UT 84108-1257, USA
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Zhang MZ, Xu J, Yao B, Yin H, Cai Q, Shrubsole MJ, Chen X, Kon V, Zheng W, Pozzi A, Harris RC. Inhibition of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type II selectively blocks the tumor COX-2 pathway and suppresses colon carcinogenesis in mice and humans. J Clin Invest 2009; 119:876-85. [PMID: 19307727 DOI: 10.1172/jci37398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2008] [Accepted: 02/11/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer death, yet primary prevention remains the best approach to reducing overall morbidity and mortality. Studies have shown that COX-2-derived PGE2 promotes CRC progression, and both nonselective COX inhibitors (NSAIDs) and selective COX-2 inhibitors (such as glucocorticoids) reduce the number and size of colonic adenomas. However, increased gastrointestinal side effects of NSAIDs and increased cardiovascular risks of selective COX-2 inhibitors limit their use in chemoprevention of CRC. We found that expression of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type II (11betaHSD2), which converts active glucocorticoids to inactive keto-forms, increased in human colonic and Apc+/min mouse intestinal adenomas and correlated with increased COX-2 expression and activity. Furthermore, pharmacologic inhibition or gene silencing of 11betaHSD2 inhibited COX-2-mediated PGE2 production in tumors and prevented adenoma formation, tumor growth, and metastasis in mice. Inhibition of 11betaHSD2 did not reduce systemic prostacyclin production or accelerate atherosclerosis in mice, thereby avoiding the major cardiovascular side effects seen with systemic COX-2 inhibitors. Therefore, 11betaHSD2 inhibition represents what we believe to be a novel approach for CRC chemoprevention and therapy by increasing tumor glucocorticoid activity, which in turn selectively blocks local COX-2 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Zhi Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA.
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Locoregional treatment of malignant hepatic tumors with biologic response modifiers. Surg Oncol Clin N Am 2008; 17:935-55, xii. [PMID: 18722927 DOI: 10.1016/j.soc.2008.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Locoregional delivery of biologic response modifiers (BRMs) to hepatic tumors is an appealing approach to increase the dwell time of BMRs, to minimize the systemic toxicity, and to induce local and possibly systemic immune responses against tumor cells. Previous clinical studies using this approach showed some encouraging results. However, a large-scale clinical trial is needed to prove the efficacy of locoregional BMR treatment in primary and metastatic hepatic tumors. Combination of various BRM agents with appropriate treatment modalities might further improve the efficacy of locoregional BMR treatment. Additionally, we need to collect more information regarding the host immune response and change in tumor microenvironment after delivering BMRs to hepatic tumors.
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The effect of targeted magnetic nanopaticles on hepatoma and the expression of bcl-2/bax protein. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 28:443-6. [PMID: 18704308 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-008-0415-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2008] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The effect of targeted magnetic nanoparticles on hepatoma and the underlying mechanism were examined. Nude mice transplanted with a human hepatoma cell line (HepG2 cells) were randomized into 5 groups, including: (1) group A, receiving normal saline, (2) group B, receiving 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu), (3) group C, receiving magnetic nanoparticles containing 5-Fu, (4) group D, consisting of treatment with magnetic nanoparticles containing 5-Fu and inside magnetic field and (5) group E, receiving pure magnetic nanoparticles and inside magnetic field. Morphological features of transplanted tumors in mice in each group were observed under transmission electron microscope (TEM). The expression of bcl-2/bax protein was immunohistochemically detected by SABC method. The results showed that a large number of apoptotic tumor cells were found in group B and group D under TEM. The expression of bcl-2 protein was significantly decreased and the expression of bax protein increased significantly in both group B and D as compared with those in group A, C and E (P<0.01 for all). The decrease in bcl-2 and the increase in bax were more in group D as compared with group B (P<0.01). It is concluded that the targeted magnetic nanoparticles containing 5-Fu can improve the chemotherapeutic effect of 5-Fu by decreasing bcl-2 expression, increasing bax expression and inducing apoptosis of the liver cancer cells.
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Wang JM, Xiao BL, Zheng JW, Chen HB, Zou SQ. Effect of targeted magnetic nanoparticles containing 5-FU on expression of bcl-2, bax and caspase 3 in nude mice with transplanted human liver cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2007; 13:3171-5. [PMID: 17589894 PMCID: PMC4436601 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v13.i23.3171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the anti-tumor effect and mechanisms of magnetic nanoparticles targeting hepatocellular carcinoma.
METHODS: Human hepatocellular carcinoma was induced in nude mice, and the mice were randomly divided into group A receiving normal saline, group B receiving magnetic nanoparticles containing 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), group C receiving 5-FU, and group D receiving magnetic nanoparticles containing 5-FU with a magnetic field built in tumor tissues. The tumor volume was measured on the day before treatment and 1, 4, 7, 10 and 13 d after treatment. Tumor tissues were isolated for examination of the expression of bcl-2, bax and caspase 3 by immunohistochemical method, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting.
RESULTS: The tumor volume was markedly lower in groups C and D than in groups A and B (group C or D vs group A or B, P < 0.01). The volume was markedly lower in group D than in group C (P < 0.05). The expression of protein and mRNA of bcl-2 was markedly lower in groups C and D than in groups A and B (group C or D vs group A or B, P < 0.01), and was markedly lower in group D than in group C (P < 0.01). The expression of bax and caspase 3 in groups C and D was significantly increased, compared with that in groups A and B (P < 0.01).
CONCLUSION: The targeted magnetic nanoparticles containing 5-FU can improve the chemotherapeutic effect of 5-FU against hepatocellular carcinoma by decreasing the expression of bcl-2 gene, and increasing the expression of bax and caspase 3 genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ming Wang
- Department of General Surgery of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China.
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Carnaghi C, Santoro A, Rimassa L, Doci R, Rosati R, Pedicini V, Gullo G, Zuradelli M, Abbadessa G, Morenghi E, Marcon I, Garassino I. The efficacy of hybrid chemotherapy with intravenous oxaliplatin and folinic acid and intra-hepatic infusion of 5-fluorouracil in patients with colorectal liver metastases: a phase II study. Invest New Drugs 2007; 25:479-85. [PMID: 17492399 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-007-9048-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2007] [Accepted: 03/20/2007] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Intra-arterial chemotherapy in patients with liver metastases from colorectal cancer has some limitations such as hepatic toxicity and extra-hepatic progression. With the aim of overcoming these limitations, a phase II trial was designed to assess the efficacy and tolerability of a hybrid chemotherapy regimen with systemic infusion of oxaliplatin and folinic acid associated with intra-arterial 5-fluorouracil. Thirty-nine patients with colorectal liver metastases were recruited. The median age was 59 years, 30 patients (77%) had synchronous metastases, and half of the patients were chemo-naive. A total of 313 chemotherapy cycles were administered (median number 8). Treatment was well tolerated and hepatic toxicity negligible. Out of 34 evaluable patients an ORR of 41%. was observed. Eight patients (21%) underwent radical liver surgery. The median time to progression (TTP) was 10 months (range 2-63) and the median overall survival (OS) 21 months (range 6-63). Extra-hepatic progression was observed in six patients. Our results suggest that this regimen is active even if technical complications are frequent. Our aim to reduce hepatic toxicity and extra-hepatic progression was reached.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Carnaghi
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano (Milano), Italy.
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Yoshikawa T, Uchida K, Ohno Y, Hirota S, Nakamura T, Yoshizako T, Ishida J, Kitagaki H. A simple catheter-vessel model for MR assessment of drug distribution in arteries and optimization of catheter design for intraarterial infusion therapy. J Magn Reson Imaging 2007; 25:1044-50. [PMID: 17457800 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.20912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the efficacy of a new catheter-vessel model for MRI to evaluate drug distribution and to optimize catheter design for intraarterial infusion therapy MATERIALS AND METHODS The model consisted of a hepatic artery simulant tube through which blood simulant water flowed continuously and a water cistern. Catheters were inserted into the tube and a gadolinium contrast medium was injected at rates suitable for angiographic or computed tomographic evaluation and commensurate with the clinical drug infusion rate. Axial images of the tube were obtained with a 0.2-T scanner and gradient echo technique. Preliminary studies and catheter tests were conducted. The points at which drug and water were completely mixed were defined as the site with uniform enhancement nearest the catheter tip. RESULTS Flip angle and gadolinium concentrations were optimized at 90 degrees, and at 62.5 and 500 mM for the high and low infusion rates, respectively. Drug distribution near the catheter tips was clearly visualized. The drug was mixed in shorter distances via the slit side-hole than the end- or side-hole catheters, and the smaller diametrical than the larger at either rate. CONCLUSION This model appeared to be effective for evaluation of drug distribution and optimization of catheter design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Yoshikawa
- Department of Radiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunokicho, Chuoku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan. yoshikawa@
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Hagle ME. III. Arterial Access Devices. Clin J Oncol Nurs 2007. [DOI: 10.1188/03.cjon.669-674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Monga DK, O'Connell MJ. Surgical adjuvant therapy for colorectal cancer: current approaches and future directions. Ann Surg Oncol 2006; 13:1021-34. [PMID: 16897272 DOI: 10.1245/aso.2006.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2005] [Accepted: 01/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Colon cancer is the fourth most common cancer worldwide. The role of systemic adjuvant chemotherapy in colorectal cancer patients with lymph node involvement has been established in a large number of clinical trials. However, its role in stage II colorectal cancer is less well established. 5-Fluorouracil has been the mainstay of therapy for the last four decades. With the development of novel chemotherapy and biological agents, we have entered into a new era for the treatment of colorectal cancer. The combination of adjuvant 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin has been shown to significantly improve disease-free survival and is now considered the standard of care for completely resected colon cancer in healthy patients. For rectal cancer patients with locally advanced tumors, neoadjuvant chemoradiation followed by adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery is the mainstay of treatment. The availability of oral chemotherapy agents has helped with the ease of administration and avoidance of indwelling catheters. A number of national clinical trials are under way to determine the role of targeted agents in combination with chemotherapy. The goal is to develop a regimen that would improve survival without excessive toxicity while maintaining quality of life. Patients should be encouraged to participate in clinical trials whenever feasible. Despite the advances, many patients will develop recurrent disease. It is of utmost importance to develop molecular markers that could predict which patients are at high risk for disease recurrence. Clinical trials are under way to address this issue. Thus, it will be advantageous to be able to tailor therapy individually, according to the risk of recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulabh K Monga
- Department of Human Oncology, Allegheny Cancer Center, Allegheny General Hospital, 320 East North Avenue, 5th Floor, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15212, USA.
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Homsi J, Garrett CR. Hepatic arterial infusion of chemotherapy for hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer. Cancer Control 2006; 13:42-7. [PMID: 16508625 DOI: 10.1177/107327480601300106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sixty percent of colon cancer patients develop liver metastasis. Only 25% of those have potentially resectable hepatic metastases, and approximately 58% of those patients relapse. METHODS We review the indications and the technical aspects of hepatic artery infusion (HAI) of chemotherapy, as well as the efficacy, morbidity, and outcomes. RESULTS HAI of chemotherapy has been used following hepatic metastasectomy, in patients with unresectable metastases, or in combination with other agents. Floxuridine, the chemotherapeutic agent most studied, is administered through an implantable subcutaneous infusion pump connected to a surgically placed hepatic artery catheter, which delivers the chemotherapeutic agents at a slow fixed rate. Treatment-related toxicities include chemical hepatitis, biliary sclerosis, and peptic ulceration. Some trials report a survival benefit for HAI over systemic chemotherapy with acceptable toxicity. CONCLUSIONS Regional perfusion chemotherapy can be logistically and technically complicated to deliver. The development of newer systemic agents with superior efficacy in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer will likely diminish the role of regional perfusion therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade Homsi
- Gastrointestinal Tumor Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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Kim JC, Kim HC, Lee KH, Yu CS, Kim TW, Chang HM, Ryu MH, Kim JH, Ha HK, Lee MG. Hepatic arterial infusion alternating with systemic chemotherapy in patients with non-resectable hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2006; 21:1026-35. [PMID: 16724990 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2005.04023.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) chemotherapy has a number of limitations, including a low rate of complete response and frequent extrahepatic recurrence, in colorectal cancer patients with non-resectable hepatic metastases. METHODS Twenty-nine colorectal cancer patients with non-resectable hepatic metastases were consecutively enrolled for HAI alternating with systemic chemotherapy (HA + SC group). The protocol comprised six cycles of alternating HAI (5-FU + leucovorin for 14 days, and mitomycin C on the first day) and systemic chemotherapy (5-FU + leucovorin). Colorectal cancer patients with two or more hepatic metastases treated using hepatic resection and systemic chemotherapy (HR + SC group) were selected as a comparative group. RESULTS Within the HA + SC group, complete response was achieved in eight patients (28%), whereas 13 patients (45%) showed progressive disease. Six of the eight patients with complete response lived for more than 38 months. Extrahepatic recurrences were more frequent in the HR + SC group than the HA + SC group (47 vs 21%, P = 0.024). The two groups did not differ with respect to overall and hepatic progression-free survival (P = 0.947 and 0.444, respectively), displaying median +/- SE values of 38 +/- 7 and 20 +/- 3 months in the HA + SC group, and 39 +/- 9 and 33 +/- 14 months in the HR + SC group, respectively. One patient in each group experienced toxic hepatitis, and sclerosing cholangitis occurred in one patient of the HA + SC group. Other complications were mostly grade 1 or 2. CONCLUSIONS HAI alternating with systemic chemotherapy led to a promising response and hepatic progression-free survival, possibly reducing extrahepatic recurrence in colorectal cancer patients with non-resectable liver metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin C Kim
- Department of Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 388-1 Poongnap-2-Dong, Songpa-Ku, Seoul 138-736, Korea.
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McKenzie S, Barnes S, Schwartz RW. The Surgical Management of Locoregional and Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Recurrences. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 62:585-90. [PMID: 16293490 DOI: 10.1016/j.cursur.2005.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaun McKenzie
- Division of General Surgery, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
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Phongkitkarun S, Kobayashi S, Varavithya V, Huang X, Curley SA, Charnsangavej C. Bile duct complications of hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy evaluated by helical CT. Clin Radiol 2005; 60:700-9. [PMID: 16038698 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2005.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2004] [Revised: 12/21/2004] [Accepted: 01/12/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM To describe the imaging findings of bile duct complications of hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) using helical CT, to set diagnostic criteria, to develop a CT grading system, and to correlate these with clinical findings and laboratory data. METHODS Follow-up helical CT of the abdomen was performed every 3 months for 60 patients receiving HAIC. Three radiologists reviewed all CT studies before and after treatment, using either the picture archiving and communication system or hard copies. The findings of bile duct abnormalities were correlated with findings from other imaging techniques, clinical symptoms and laboratory data. RESULTS Bile duct abnormalities developed in 34 (57%) of cases either during HAIC or 1 to 12 months after treatment. In 14 (41%) of these 34 patients, enhancement of the hepatic parenchyma along the dilated bile duct or in the segmental or lobar distribution was observed. In 43 cases (72%), normal or abnormal alkaline phosphatase levels were consistent with normal or abnormal CT findings, respectively. Increasing alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin levels were related to CT grade. CONCLUSION Imaging findings of bile duct complications of HAIC are similar to those of primary sclerosing cholangitis, and correlate well with abnormal clinical and laboratory data. In the presence of such clinical abnormalities, thin-section helical CT with careful review of the imaging studies helps to determine the correct diagnosis, monitor the changes and guide appropriate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Phongkitkarun
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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21
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Shimonov M, Hayat H, Chaitchik S, Brener J, Schachter P, Czerniak A. Combined systemic chronotherapy and hepatic artery infusion for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer confined to the liver. Chemotherapy 2005; 51:111-5. [PMID: 15886466 DOI: 10.1159/000085770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2004] [Accepted: 11/19/2004] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The optimal treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer is still a clinical challenge. We describe the use of combined hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) of irinotecan (CPT-11) in conjunction with systemic chronotherapy infusion of 5-fluorouracil (5FU), folinic acid and carboplatin in patients with colorectal liver metastases. METHODS Twenty-three patients with colorectal cancer and isolated liver metastases were enrolled in this trial. Intraoperative insertion of an intra-arterial catheter into the hepatic artery was accomplished during the colon operation (in cases of synchronous tumor) or as a separate procedure in colorectal cancer patients with newly diagnosed liver metastases. A systemic double-lumen double-chamber port was inserted via the subclavian vein as a separate procedure. The treatment plan included irinotecan given by intra-arterial infusion at 150 mg/m2 for 1 h. After 2 weeks of rest chronomodulated 5FU (700 mg/m(2); peak delivery rate at 04:00 h), leucovorin (175 mg/m2; peak delivery rate at 04:00 h) and carboplatin (40 mg/m2; peak delivery rate at 16:00 h) for 4 days was followed by 10 days' rest and then given again. After 10 days' rest another HAI was introduced using the same method. Each cycle of therapy included 2 HAI courses and 2 chronotherapy courses in between. After 2 complete cycles, patients were evaluated for their response with weekly accessed toxicity recording. RESULTS Seven women, 8 men, median age 61 years (range 46-72). Eight patients had synchronous colon and hepatic disease and 7 patients had metachronous disease. Ten patients had previously been treated with 5FU and leucovorin while 5 patients were chemonaive. The mean number of cycles were 11.6 per patient (range 8-19). Partial response was achieved in 6 patients (40%) and was followed by laparoscopic radiofrequency ablation in 5 patients (33%). Disease stabilization was observed in 2 patients (13%) and disease progression in 7 patients (47%) mainly after previous chemotherapy failure. Side effects were infrequent and mild including grade 2 GIT complaints (5 patients), RUQ pain during HAI (9 patients) and grade 2 hematological complaints in 2 patients. CONCLUSION A combined chemotherapy protocol (HAI and chronotherapy) with irinotecan (CPT-11) together with chronomodulated infusion of 5FU, folinic acid and carboplatin can be used in metastatic colorectal patients with a high efficacy rate and minor side effects especially in pretreated patients.
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Bareggi C, Paleari D, Garassino MC, Mora M, Salamina S, Senecione M, Ghidini A, Pancera G. Localized Hand-Foot Syndrome after Intra-Arterial Hepatic Chemotherapy with Floxuridine: A Clinical Case. TUMORI JOURNAL 2005; 91:193-6. [PMID: 15948551 DOI: 10.1177/030089160509100217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hand-foot syndrome is a toxic effect of some chemotherapy agents such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), capecitabine and liposomal doxorubicin. The symptoms and signs are localized erythema and paresthesia. Floxuridine (FUDR) is an analogue of 5-FU, used for arterial hepatic infusion in patients affected by liver metastases from colorectal cancer. A patient who was treated for colorectal cancer with liver metastases underwent locoregional chemotherapy with FUDR and systemic chemotherapy with FOLFOX4. After three cycles he developed severe painful dermatitis of the right leg. Abdominal X-ray showed displacement of the catheter to the right common iliac artery. Treatment was discontinued and the patient had a rapid recovery.
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Barber FD, Fabugais-Nazario LE. What's old is new again: patients receiving hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy. Clin J Oncol Nurs 2004; 7:647-52. [PMID: 14705480 DOI: 10.1188/03.cjon.647-652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ranks as the eighth most common cancer in the world. Although uncommon in North America, the incidence of HCC in the United States has increased by 70% since the 1980s (Yu, Yuan, Govindarajan, & Ross, 2000). The most frequent causes of malignant hepatic disease in the United States are metastases from melanoma and primary tumors of the gastrointestinal tract, breast, and lung. Surgical resection and systemic chemotherapy are the standard treatments for this disease. However, surgery is not an option for patients with advanced disease, and the response rate from systemic chemotherapy remains low. An alternative therapy for patients with HCC or cancers with liver metastases is hepatic arterial infusion of chemotherapy directly into the liver. This method allows a high total body clearance and hepatic extraction to generate high hepatic and low systemic exposures. Nursing care of patients receiving hepatic arterial infusion of chemotherapy includes patient education and monitoring for complications.
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Tono T, Kanoh T, Ohnishi T, Matsushita M, Nakano Y, Kimura Y, Iwazawa T, Yano H, Okamura J, Monden T. Adjuvant hepatic arterial infusion after curative resection of colorectal liver metastases using removable intra-arterial catheters with shape-memory alloy. J Surg Oncol 2004; 88:248-55. [PMID: 15565591 DOI: 10.1002/jso.20159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Although there are some reports that adjuvant hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) chemotherapy reduces the hepatic recurrence following curative resection of colorectal liver metastases, problems of indwelling catheters after chemotherapy cessation remains unsolved. The usefulness of adjuvant HAI was investigated using a removable port-catheter system. METHODS Spiral catheterstrade mark were attempted to be placed in 17 patients who underwent curative hepatectomy. The catheter contains a special shape-memory alloy at its tip, which allows stable fixation to the vascular wall without coiling so the catheter can be removed if necessary. 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in total dose of 12 g was intra-arterially administered. RESULTS W spiral catheterstrade mark were successfully placed in the hepatic artery by percutaneous approach in 82% of the patients. All patients underwent scheduled chemotherapy without serious adverse events. Reservoir-catheter system was removed easily and uneventfully after discontinuation of the chemotherapy. 3D-CT angiography revealed that the hepatic artery was well preserved with short-term chemotherapy. Postoperative hepatic recurrence was observed only in 18% of the patients with the median follow-up time of 19.9 months. CONCLUSIONS Prophylactic 5-FU HAI using W spiral cathetertrade mark and subsequent catheter extirpation is a promising strategy following curative resection of colorectal liver metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Tono
- Department of Surgery, NTT West Osaka Hospital, Tennoji-ku, Osaka, Osaka, Japan.
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Liu LX, Zhang WH, Jiang HC, Zhu AL, Wu LF, Qi SY, Piao DX. Arterial chemotherapy of 5-fluorouracil and mitomycin C in the treatment of liver metastases of colorectal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2002; 8:663-7. [PMID: 12174375 PMCID: PMC4656317 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v8.i4.663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: Regional chemotherapy using hepatic artery catheters is a good method of treating patients with colorectal cancer liver metastases. We investigated the survival of patients with liver metastases from colorectal cancer using 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and mitomycin C Cthrough implantable hepatic arterial infusion port.
METHODS: Seventy-five patients with inoperable liver metastases from colorectal cancer were included between March, 1992 and November, 2001. We placed implantable hepatic arterial catheter (HAC) port by laparotomy.5-FU, 1000 mg/m2/d continuous infusion for five days every four weeks, was delivered in the hepatic arterial catheter through the port. Mitomycin C, 30 mg/m2/d infusion in the first day every cycle through the port. Response to the treatment was evaluated by serial determinations of plasma CEA and imaging techniques consisting of computerized tomography and sonography of liver.
RESULTS: Sixty-eight were performed hepatic artery chemotherapy and fifty-six were followed up among seventy-five HAC patients. Twenty-six patients (46.4%) have responded and 4 complete remission were achieved. Eight patients (14.3%) had stable liver metastases. Twenty-two patients (39.3%) were progressed with increased tumor size and number. Twenty-nine patients (51.8%) had a decreased serum CEA level, while 10 patients (17.9%) were stable and 17 patients (30.4%) had an increased serum CEA level. There were no operative death in this series. Complications, which occurred in 18 patients (32.1%), were as followed: hepatic artery thrombosis in 11, Upper gastric and intestinal bleeding in 3, liver abscess in 1, pocket infection in 1, cholangitis in 1, and hepatic artery pseudo-aneurysm in one patient.
CONCLUSION: Combined infusion of 5-FU and mitomycin C by hepatic artery catheter port is an effective treatment for liver metastases from colorectal cancer. The high response and lower complication rates prove the adjuvant treatment of colorectal cancer with this treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian-Xin Liu
- Department of Surgery, the First Clinical College, Harbin Medical University, No.23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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Kadry Z, Clavien PA. New treatments with curative intent for metastatic colorectal liver cancer. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2002; 3:1191-7. [PMID: 12150696 DOI: 10.1517/14656566.3.8.1191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Although surgical resection is the mainstay of therapy in metastatic colorectal liver cancer, < 10 - 15% of patients are suitable for resection. In addition, recurrence rates after resection may reach 75% in the first 2 years, of which 50% involve local recurrences in the liver. This has provided an impetus for the development of neoadjuvant and adjuvant protocols in the treatment of this malignancy, techniques concentrating on improving the residual liver functional reserve, as well as local tumour ablative therapies using radiofrequency and cryotherapy. A multimodal interdisciplinary approach is a pre-requisite when treating secondary liver tumours from colorectal cancer and should be concentrated in centres of reference. The development of such innovative modalities as preoperative downstaging in the absence of extrahepatic tumour disease, local tumour control and new adjuvant therapies has expanded the patient population thus providing the opportunity to treat patients with large or advanced stage colorectal liver tumours. The following is a review of some of the approaches currently being evaluated in the treatment of colorectal liver metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakiyah Kadry
- Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland
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