1
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Lu Y, He W, Huang X, Xiao X. Pulsatilla saponin D regulates ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 3 (RAC3) to overcome resistance to paclitaxel in lung adenocarcinoma cells. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:55. [PMID: 38200409 PMCID: PMC10777557 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-11841-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paclitaxel, a tubulin-binding agent, is a Food and Drug Administration-approved first-line drug for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), for both squamous and non-squamous cell lung carcinoma, with paclitaxel/carboplatin + bevacizumab a common chemotherapy regimen for stage IV non-squamous NSCLC; however, primary or acquired resistance to paclitaxel is gradually increasing, leading to treatment failure. METHODS Our results show that Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 3 (RAC3) is overexpressed in cultured paclitaxel-resistant cells and that RAC3 expression levels are negatively correlated with sensitivity of lung adenocarcinoma cells to paclitaxel. Pulsatilla saponin D could inhibit RAC3 expression, and we hypothesize that it may block paclitaxel resistance. Further, we found that treatment with paclitaxel combined with Pulsatilla saponin D, can overcome lung adenocarcinoma cell resistance to paclitaxel alone in cell culture and mouse xenograft models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Lu
- Laboratory Department of Orthopedic Spine Surgery of The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Wubin He
- Key Laboratory of Surgery of Liaoning Province of The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoxu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology and New Drug Development of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Xuyang Xiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery of The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China.
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2
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Ashok G, Das R, Anbarasu A, Ramaiah S. Comprehensive analysis on the diagnostic role of circulatory exosome-based miR-92a-3p for osteoblastic metastases in prostate adenocarcinoma. J Mol Recognit 2023:e3042. [PMID: 37258416 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.3042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD) is the second leading cause of death in men and the key factor that attributes to the severity and higher mortality rates is the tumor's ability to promote osteoblastic metastases (OM). Currently, no blood-based biomarkers are present that bridges the crosstalk between PRAD and OM progression. Conversely, circulatory microRNAs (miRNAs) are gaining interest among the scientific community for its potential as blood-based markers for cancer detection. Using computational pipeline, this study screened exosome-based miRNA that is functionally regulating OM in PRAD. We retrieved the expression profile of miRNA, mRNA from PRAD microarray, and RNA-Seq samples deposited in global repositories and identified the differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) and differentially expressed genes. Thereafter, the average expression of the miRNAs was identified in extracellular vesicle specifically in exosomes. Survival analysis and clinical profiling identified functionally significant miR-92a-3p to be a key factor in OM. This was further examined by the interactions with various noncoding RNA elements, transcription factors, oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and protein kinases regulated by miR-92a-3p. Identifying the expression pattern, nodal metastasis, Gleason score, and hazard ratio deciphered the critical role of the targets regulated by miR-92a-3p. Further, binding association analyzed through energy, seed match and accessibility showed the miRNA-targets involved in cytokine, TGF-β, and Wnt signaling having close regulatory role in promoting OM. Our findings highlight the potent role of miR-92a-3p as blood-based diagnostic biomarker for OM. The comprehensive insights from our study can be elemental in designing diagnostic biomarker for PRAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri Ashok
- Medical and Biological Computing Laboratory, School of Biosciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, India
- Department of Bio-Sciences, SBST, VIT, Vellore, India
| | - Rohini Das
- Department of Computer Science, SCOPE, VIT, Vellore, India
| | - Anand Anbarasu
- Medical and Biological Computing Laboratory, School of Biosciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, India
- Department of Biotechnology, SBST, VIT, Vellore, India
| | - Sudha Ramaiah
- Medical and Biological Computing Laboratory, School of Biosciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, India
- Department of Bio-Sciences, SBST, VIT, Vellore, India
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3
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Wu Q, Tian R, Liu J, Ou C, Li Y, Fu X. Deciphering comprehensive features of tumor microenvironment controlled by chromatin regulators to predict prognosis and guide therapies in uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1139126. [PMID: 36936912 PMCID: PMC10022674 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1139126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dysregulation of chromatin regulators (CRs) can perturb the tumor immune microenvironment, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. We focused on uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC) and used gene expression data from TCGA-UCEC to investigate this mechanism. Methods We used weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and consensus clustering algorithm to classify UCEC patients into Cluster_L and Cluster_H. TME-associated CRs were identified using WGCNA and differential gene expression analysis. A CR risk score (CRRS) was constructed using univariate Cox and LASSO-Cox regression analyses. A nomogram was developed based on CRRS and clinicopathologic factors to predict patients' prognosis. Results Lower CRRS was associated with lower grade, more benign molecular subtypes, and improved survival. Patients with low CRRS showed abundant immune infiltration, a higher mutation burden, fewer CNVs, and better response to immunotherapy. Moreover, low CRRS patients were more sensitive to 24 chemotherapeutic agents. Conclusion A comprehensive assessment of CRRS could identify immune activation and improve the efficacy of UCEC treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihui Wu
- Department of Gynecology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Ruotong Tian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chunlin Ou
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaodan Fu, ; ; Yimin Li, ; Chunlin Ou,
| | - Yimin Li
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaodan Fu, ; ; Yimin Li, ; Chunlin Ou,
| | - Xiaodan Fu
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaodan Fu, ; ; Yimin Li, ; Chunlin Ou,
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4
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Lee J, Pang K, Kim J, Hong E, Lee J, Cho HJ, Park J, Son M, Park S, Lee M, Ooshima A, Park KS, Yang HK, Yang KM, Kim SJ. ESRP1-regulated isoform switching of LRRFIP2 determines metastasis of gastric cancer. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6274. [PMID: 36307405 PMCID: PMC9616898 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33786-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although accumulating evidence indicates that alternative splicing is aberrantly altered in many cancers, the functional mechanism remains to be elucidated. Here, we show that epithelial and mesenchymal isoform switches of leucine-rich repeat Fli-I-interacting protein 2 (LRRFIP2) regulated by epithelial splicing regulatory protein 1 (ESRP1) correlate with metastatic potential of gastric cancer cells. We found that expression of the splicing variants of LRRFIP2 was closely correlated with that of ESRP1. Surprisingly, ectopic expression of the mesenchymal isoform of LRRFIP2 (variant 3) dramatically increased liver metastasis of gastric cancer cells, whereas deletion of exon 7 of LRRFIP2 by the CRISPR/Cas9 system caused an isoform switch, leading to marked suppression of liver metastasis. Mechanistically, the epithelial LRRFIP2 isoform (variant 2) inhibited the oncogenic function of coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 (CARM1) through interaction. Taken together, our data reveals a mechanism of LRRFIP2 isoform switches in gastric cancer with important implication for cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihee Lee
- GILO Institute, GILO Foundation, Seoul, 06668 Korea ,grid.410886.30000 0004 0647 3511Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do 13488 Korea
| | | | - Junil Kim
- grid.263765.30000 0004 0533 3568School of Systems Biomedical Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, 06978 Korea
| | - Eunji Hong
- GILO Institute, GILO Foundation, Seoul, 06668 Korea ,grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XDepartment of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419 Korea
| | - Jeeyun Lee
- grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XDivision of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351 Korea
| | - Hee Jin Cho
- grid.258803.40000 0001 0661 1556Department of Biomedical Convergence Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566 Korea ,grid.414964.a0000 0001 0640 5613Innovative Therapeutic Research Center, Precision Medicine Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, 06531 Republic of Korea
| | - Jinah Park
- GILO Institute, GILO Foundation, Seoul, 06668 Korea
| | - Minjung Son
- GILO Institute, GILO Foundation, Seoul, 06668 Korea ,grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XDepartment of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419 Korea
| | - Sihyun Park
- GILO Institute, GILO Foundation, Seoul, 06668 Korea
| | | | | | - Kyung-Soon Park
- grid.410886.30000 0004 0647 3511Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do 13488 Korea
| | - Han-Kwang Yang
- grid.412484.f0000 0001 0302 820XDepartment of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080 Korea ,grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080 Korea
| | | | - Seong-Jin Kim
- GILO Institute, GILO Foundation, Seoul, 06668 Korea ,Medpacto Inc., Seoul, 06668 Korea
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5
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Jafari H, Hussain S, Campbell MJ. Nuclear Receptor Coregulators in Hormone-Dependent Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2402. [PMID: 35626007 PMCID: PMC9139824 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptors (NRs) function collectively as a transcriptional signaling network that mediates gene regulatory actions to either maintain cellular homeostasis in response to hormonal, dietary and other environmental factors, or act as orphan receptors with no known ligand. NR complexes are large and interact with multiple protein partners, collectively termed coregulators. Coregulators are essential for regulating NR activity and can dictate whether a target gene is activated or repressed by a variety of mechanisms including the regulation of chromatin accessibility. Altered expression of coregulators contributes to a variety of hormone-dependent cancers including breast and prostate cancers. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms by which coregulators interact with and modulate the activity of NRs provides opportunities to develop better prognostic and diagnostic approaches, as well as novel therapeutic targets. This review aims to gather and summarize recent studies, techniques and bioinformatics methods used to identify distorted NR coregulator interactions that contribute as cancer drivers in hormone-dependent cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedieh Jafari
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Shahid Hussain
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Moray J. Campbell
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
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6
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Kneppers J, Bergman AM, Zwart W. Prostate Cancer Epigenetic Plasticity and Enhancer Heterogeneity: Molecular Causes, Consequences and Clinical Implications. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1390:255-275. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-11836-4_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
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7
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SRC-3, a Steroid Receptor Coactivator: Implication in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094760. [PMID: 33946224 PMCID: PMC8124743 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Steroid receptor coactivator-3 (SRC-3), also known as amplified in breast cancer 1 (AIB1), is a member of the SRC family. SRC-3 regulates not only the transcriptional activity of nuclear receptors but also many other transcription factors. Besides the essential role of SRC-3 in physiological functions, it also acts as an oncogene to promote multiple aspects of cancer. This review updates the important progress of SRC-3 in carcinogenesis and summarizes its mode of action, which provides clues for cancer therapy.
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8
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Makwana V, Rudrawar S, Anoopkumar-Dukie S. Signalling transduction of O-GlcNAcylation and PI3K/AKT/mTOR-axis in prostate cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166129. [PMID: 33744394 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hexosamine biosynthetic (HBP) and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways are found to predominate the proliferation and survival of prostate cancer cells. Both these pathways have their own specific intermediates to propagate the secondary signals in down-stream cascades and besides having their own structured network, also have shared interconnecting branches. These interconnections are either competitive or co-operative in nature depending on the microenvironmental conditions. Specifically, in prostate cancer HBP and mTOR pathways increases the expression and protein level of androgen receptor in order to support cancer cell proliferation, advancement and metastasis. Pharmacological inhibition of a single pathway is therefore insufficient to stop disease progression as the cancer cells manage to alter the signalling channel. This is one of the primary reasons for the therapeutic failure in prostate cancer and emergence of chemoresistance. Inhibition of these multiple pathways at their common junctures might prove to be of benefit in men suffering from an advanced disease state. Hence, a thorough understanding of these cellular intersecting points and their significance with respect to signal transduction mechanisms might assist in the rational designing of combinations for effective management of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Makwana
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Santosh Rudrawar
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia; Quality Use of Medicines Network, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia.
| | - Shailendra Anoopkumar-Dukie
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia; Quality Use of Medicines Network, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia.
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9
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Molecular Characterisation of Canine Osteosarcoma in High Risk Breeds. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092405. [PMID: 32854182 PMCID: PMC7564920 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dogs develop osteosarcoma (OSA) and the disease process closely resembles that of human OSA. OSA has a poor prognosis in both species and disease-free intervals and cure rates have not improved in recent years. Gene expression in canine OSAs was compared with non-tumor tissue utilising RNA sequencing, validated by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry (n = 16). Polymorphic polyglutamine (polyQ) tracts in the androgen receptor (AR/NR3C4) and nuclear receptor coactivator 3 (NCOA3) genes were investigated in control and OSA patients using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Sanger sequencing and fragment analysis (n = 1019 Rottweilers, 379 Irish Wolfhounds). Our analysis identified 1281 significantly differentially expressed genes (>2 fold change, p < 0.05), specifically 839 lower and 442 elevated gene expression in osteosarcoma (n = 3) samples relative to non-malignant (n = 4) bone. Enriched pathways and gene ontologies were identified, which provide insight into the molecular pathways implicated in canine OSA. Expression of a subset of these genes (SLC2A1, DKK3, MMP3, POSTN, RBP4, ASPN) was validated by qRTPCR and immunohistochemistry (MMP3, DKK3, SLC2A1) respectively. While little variation was found in the NCOA3 polyQ tract, greater variation was present in both polyQ tracts in the AR, but no significant associations in length were made with OSA. The data provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of OSA in high risk breeds. This knowledge may inform development of new prevention strategies and treatments for OSA in dogs and supports utilising spontaneous OSA in dogs to improve understanding of the disease in people.
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10
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Huang Y, Cen J, Wei J, Chen Z, Fang Y, Feng Z, Lu J, Liang Y, Luo J, Mo C, Chen W. Impact of AIB1 expression on the prognosis of upper tract urothelial carcinoma after radical nephroureterectomy. Cancer Biomark 2019; 25:151-160. [PMID: 31045512 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-182020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amplified in breast cancer 1 (AIB1) is a candidate oncogene in human breast cancer, which has been identified to be amplified and overexpressed in several types of other human cancers. Abnormalities of AIB1 and its clinical/prognostic significance, however, in upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) remain unclear. OBJECTIVE To explore what role AIB1 plays in upper tract urothelial carcinoma. METHODS The expression of AIB1 was analyzed using immunohistochemical staining in 133 UTUC patients. Overall, cancer specific and recurrence-free survival rates (OS, CSS, and RFS) were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Multivariable COX regression models containing relevant clinicopathological variables addressed the prediction of postoperative outcome. RESULTS High AIB1 expression was observed to be associated with increased hazard ratios for 5-year CSS (80.6% vs. 55.8%, p= 0.008) and OS (78.1% vs. 54.8%, p= 0.006). Multivariable analysis revealed that elevated AIB1 expression was an independent prognostic predictor of OS, CSS and RFS. Additionally, pT, pN and hydronephrosis were independently associated with oncologic outcome of UTUC. Three proposed nomograms were proposed to provide an individualized risk estimate of postoperative outcome in patients with UTUC. CONCLUSIONS AIB1 can be used as an independent molecular marker for the prognosis of clinical outcomes of UTUC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Huang
- The Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.,The Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.,The Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Junjie Cen
- The Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.,The Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Jinhuan Wei
- The Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.,The Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Zhenhua Chen
- The Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.,The Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Yong Fang
- The Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.,The Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Zihao Feng
- The Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Jun Lu
- The Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Yanping Liang
- The Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Junhang Luo
- The Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Chengqiang Mo
- The Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Wei Chen
- The Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
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11
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Zhao Z, Zhou S, Li W, Zhong F, Zhang H, Sheng L, Li Y, Xu M, Xu J, Zhan L, Li B, Wang F, Xie D, Tong Z. AIB1 predicts tumor response to definitive chemoradiotherapy and prognosis in cervical squamous cell carcinoma. J Cancer 2019; 10:5212-5222. [PMID: 31602272 PMCID: PMC6775615 DOI: 10.7150/jca.31697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Amplified in breast cancer 1 (AIB1) gene, has been reported to be associated with biological malignancy in several cancers. However, the molecular status of the AIB1 gene in cervical cancer and the clinicopathological/prognostic significance of AIB1 expression in chemoradiotherapy (CRT) sensitivity have not been determined. In our present study, we found that the high expression of AIB1 was frequent detected in specimens of cervical cancer patients, and this was significantly correlated with CRT response (P = 0.014), clinical stage (P = 0.003), T status (P = 0.027), N status (P = 0.021), M status (P = 0.015) and progression-free survival (P < 0.001). Moreover, the clonogenic survival fraction and cell apoptosis experiments showed that knockdown of AIB1 substantially increased cervical cancer cells sensitivity to ionizing radiation (IR) or cisplatin/5-fluorouracil. Collectively, our results demonstrated that the high expression of AIB1 in cervical cancer cells contributes to the resistance to CRT, which provides the evidence that AIB1 may be a promising predictor of aggressive cervical cancer patients with poor response to CRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfeng Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shuguang Zhou
- Department of Gynecology, Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wenyu Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Fei Zhong
- Department of Oncology, Fuyang Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Fuyang, Anhui, China
| | - Heping Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lei Sheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Meng Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jifei Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lei Zhan
- Pathology Department of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Bao Li
- The Comprehensive Lab, College of Basic medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Dan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuting Tong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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12
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Blundon MA, Dasgupta S. Metabolic Dysregulation Controls Endocrine Therapy-Resistant Cancer Recurrence and Metastasis. Endocrinology 2019; 160:1811-1820. [PMID: 31157867 PMCID: PMC6620757 DOI: 10.1210/en.2019-00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Cancer recurrence and metastasis involves many biological interactions, such as genetic, transcription, environmental, endocrine signaling, and metabolism. These interactions add a complex understanding of cancer recurrence and metastatic progression, delaying the advancement in therapeutic opportunities. We highlight the recent advances on the molecular complexities of endocrine-related cancers, focusing on breast and prostate cancer, and briefly review how endocrine signaling and metabolic programs can influence transcriptional complexes for metastasis competence. Nuclear receptors and transcriptional coregulators function as molecular nodes for the crosstalk between endocrine signaling and metabolism that alter downstream gene expression important for tumor progression and metastasis. This exciting regulatory axis may provide insights to the development of cancer therapeutics important for these desensitized endocrine-dependent cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malachi A Blundon
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Subhamoy Dasgupta
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
- Correspondence: Subhamoy Dasgupta, PhD, Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, New York 14263. E-mail:
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13
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Song X, Chen H, Zhang C, Yu Y, Chen Z, Liang H, Van Buren G, McElhany AL, Fisher WE, Lonard DM, O'Malley BW, Wang J. SRC-3 inhibition blocks tumor growth of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cancer Lett 2019; 442:310-319. [PMID: 30423406 PMCID: PMC6311429 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly malignant and lethal disease with few treatment options. Steroid receptor coactivator-3 (SRC-3, also known as NCOA3, AIB1, pCIP, ACTR, RAC3, TRAM1) sits at the nexus of many growth signaling pathways and has been pursued as a therapeutic target for breast, prostate and lung cancers. In this study, we find that SRC-3 is overexpressed in PDAC and inversely correlates with patient overall survival. Knockdown of SRC-3 reduces pancreatic cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro. Additionally, inhibition of SRC-3 using either shRNA or a small molecule inhibitor can significantly inhibit tumor growth in orthotopic pancreatic cancer mouse models. Collectively, this study establishes SRC-3 as a promising therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/genetics
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/pathology
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/therapy
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Mice, Nude
- Mice, SCID
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 3/antagonists & inhibitors
- Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 3/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 3/metabolism
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/therapy
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- RNAi Therapeutics
- Signal Transduction
- Tumor Burden/drug effects
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianzhou Song
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Chengwei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Zhongyuan Chen
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Han Liang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - George Van Buren
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Amy L McElhany
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - William E Fisher
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - David M Lonard
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Bert W O'Malley
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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14
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Huang Y, Wei J, Fang Y, Chen Z, Cen J, Feng Z, Lu J, Liang Y, Luo J, Chen W. Prognostic value of AIB1 and EIF5A2 in intravesical recurrence after surgery for upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:6997-7011. [PMID: 30588104 PMCID: PMC6298448 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s185392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic effect of amplified in AIB1 and EIF5A2 expression on postoperative intravesical recurrence for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) and improve postoperative risk stratification and prediction of intravesical chemotherapy benefit. Materials and methods We evaluated immunohistochemical expression of AIB1 and EIF5A2 in 109 UTUC patients to determine the predictive significance in intravesical recurrence. A prognostic model was developed based on univariate and multivariate analyses. Results Intravesical recurrence occurred in 18 out of the 109 (16.5%) patients during the follow-up period. Significant associations of high expression of AIB1 and EIF5A2 with shortened bladder recurrence interval (median: 24 months vs 46 months, P=0.021; 28 months vs 39 months, P=0.002) were demonstrated. In different subsets of UTUC patients, high expression of AIB1 was a prognostic indicator in high grade (P=0.006) and pT2–4 (P=0.007), and high expression of EIF5A2 for high grade (P=0.014), pT2–4 (P=0.002) and pN0 (P=0.009). Moreover, in multivariate analysis, AIB1 and EIF5A2 expression (P=0.034 and 0.022, respectively) together with pN stage (P=0.009) provided significant independent predictors for intravesical recurrence after surgery for UTUC. Surgical approach with radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) was an informative factor toward good oncologic outcomes for intravesical recurrence (P=0.056). Based on a prognostic model with these factors, patients with UTUC were classified into the low-risk group and the high-risk group. In a subset analysis, the patients in the high-risk group were found to have a favorable response to intravesical chemotherapy (P=0.047). A nomogram based on the multivariate analysis was developed to predict intravesical recurrence accurately and guide postoperative intravesical instillations. The concordance index (c-index) of this model was 0.806. Conclusion High expression of AIB1 and EIF5A2 were independent predictors for intravesical recurrence after RNU and might be able to predict which patients benefit from postoperative intravesical chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Huang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China, .,Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jinhuan Wei
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China,
| | - Yong Fang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China,
| | - Zhenhua Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China,
| | - Junjie Cen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China,
| | - Zihao Feng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China,
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China,
| | - Yanping Liang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China,
| | - Junhang Luo
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China,
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China,
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15
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Machado MS, Rosa FD, Lira MC, Urtreger AJ, Rubio MF, Costas MA. The inflammatory cytokine TNF contributes with RAC3-induced malignant transformation. EXCLI JOURNAL 2018; 17:1030-1042. [PMID: 30585274 PMCID: PMC6298201 DOI: 10.17179/excli2018-1759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
RAC3 is a coactivator of steroid receptors and NF-κB. It is usually overexpressed in several tumors, contributes to maintain cancer stem cells and also to induce them when is overexpressed in non-tumoral cells. In this work, we investigated whether the inflammatory cytokine TNF may contribute to the transforming effects of RAC3 overexpression in the non-tumoral HEK293 cell line. The study model included the HEK293 tumoral transformed cell line constitutively overexpressing RAC3 by stable transfection and control non-tumoral cells transfected with an empty vector. The HeLa and T47D tumoral cells that naturally overexpress RAC3 were used as positive control. We found that TNF potentiated RAC3-induced mesenchymal transition, involving an increased E-Cadherin downregulation, Vimentin and SNAIL upregulation and enhanced migratory behavior. Moreover, concerning the molecular mechanisms by which TNF potentiates the RAC3 transforming action, they involve the IKK activation, which in addition induced the β-Catenin transactivation. Our results demonstrate that although RAC3 overexpression could be a signal strong enough to induce cancer stem cells, the inflammatory microenvironment may be playing a key role contributing to the migratory and invasive phenotype required for metastasis and cancer persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mileni Soares Machado
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Apoptosis, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Alfredo Lanari, IDIM-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Combatientes de Malvinas 3150, C1427ARO Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Francisco D Rosa
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Apoptosis, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Alfredo Lanari, IDIM-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Combatientes de Malvinas 3150, C1427ARO Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María C Lira
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Apoptosis, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Alfredo Lanari, IDIM-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Combatientes de Malvinas 3150, C1427ARO Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro J Urtreger
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Oncología Ángel H. Roffo, Área Investigación, Av. San Martín 5481, C1417DTB Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Member of the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)
| | - María F Rubio
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Apoptosis, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Alfredo Lanari, IDIM-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Combatientes de Malvinas 3150, C1427ARO Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Member of the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)
| | - Mónica A Costas
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Apoptosis, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Alfredo Lanari, IDIM-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Combatientes de Malvinas 3150, C1427ARO Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Member of the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)
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16
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Linder S, van der Poel HG, Bergman AM, Zwart W, Prekovic S. Enzalutamide therapy for advanced prostate cancer: efficacy, resistance and beyond. Endocr Relat Cancer 2018; 26:R31-R52. [PMID: 30382692 PMCID: PMC6215909 DOI: 10.1530/erc-18-0289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The androgen receptor drives the growth of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. This has led to the development of multiple novel drugs targeting this hormone-regulated transcription factor, such as enzalutamide – a potent androgen receptor antagonist. Despite the plethora of possible treatment options, the absolute survival benefit of each treatment separately is limited to a few months. Therefore, current research efforts are directed to determine the optimal sequence of therapies, discover novel drugs effective in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and define patient subpopulations that ultimately benefit from these treatments. Molecular studies provide evidence on which pathways mediate treatment resistance and may lead to improved treatment for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. This review provides, firstly a concise overview of the clinical development, use and effectiveness of enzalutamide in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer, secondly it describes translational research addressing enzalutamide response vs resistance and lastly highlights novel potential treatment strategies in the enzalutamide-resistant setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Linder
- Division of OncogenomicsOncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henk G van der Poel
- Division of UrologyThe Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andries M Bergman
- Division of Medical OncologyThe Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of OncogenomicsThe Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wilbert Zwart
- Division of OncogenomicsOncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Institute for Complex Molecular SystemsDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Prekovic
- Division of OncogenomicsOncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence should be addressed to S Prekovic:
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17
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Li Y, Li L, Chen M, Yu X, Gu Z, Qiu H, Qin G, Long Q, Fu X, Liu T, Li W, Huang W, Shi D, Kang T, Luo M, Wu X, Deng W. MAD2L2 inhibits colorectal cancer growth by promoting NCOA3 ubiquitination and degradation. Mol Oncol 2018; 12:391-405. [PMID: 29360267 PMCID: PMC5830628 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptor coactivator 3 (NCOA3) is a transcriptional coactivator that has elevated expression in multiple tumor types, including colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the molecular mechanisms that regulate the tumorigenic functions of NCOA3 in CRC remain largely unknown. In this study, we aimed to discover and identify the novel regulatory proteins of NCOA3 and explore their mechanisms of action. Immunoprecipitation (IP) coupled with mass spectrometry (IP-MS) analysis was used to detect, identify, and verify the proteins that interacted with NCOA3 in CRC cells. The biological functions of the candidate proteins and the underlying molecular mechanism were investigated in CRC cells and mouse model in vitro and in vivo. The clinical significance of NCOA3 and its interaction partner protein in CRC patients was also studied. We identified mitotic arrest deficient 2-like protein 2 (MAD2L2, also known as MAD2B or REV7), with two signal peptide sequences of LIPLK and EVYPVGIFQK, to be an interaction partner of NCOA3. Overexpression of MAD2L2 suppressed the proliferation, migration, and clonogenicity of CRC cells by inducing the degradation of NCOA3. The mechanism study showed that increased MAD2L2 expression in CRC cells activated p38, which was required for the phosphorylation of NCOA3 that led to its ubiquitination and degradation by the proteasome. Moreover, we found that MAD2L2 predicted favorable prognosis in CRC patients. We have discovered a novel role of MAD2L2 in the regulation of NCOA3 degradation and proposed that MAD2L2 serves as a tumor suppressor in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Li
- Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center of Cancer MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Liren Li
- Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center of Cancer MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Miao Chen
- Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center of Cancer MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Xinfa Yu
- Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical UniversityFoshanChina
| | - Zhuoyu Gu
- Department of PharmacologyMedical CollegeJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Huijuan Qiu
- Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center of Cancer MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Ge Qin
- Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center of Cancer MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Qian Long
- Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center of Cancer MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiaoyan Fu
- Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center of Cancer MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Tianze Liu
- Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center of Cancer MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Wenbin Li
- Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center of Cancer MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Wenlin Huang
- Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center of Cancer MedicineGuangzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Targeted Drug for Tumors of Guangdong ProvinceGuangzhou Double Bioproduct Inc.GuangzhouChina
| | - Dingbo Shi
- Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center of Cancer MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Tiebang Kang
- Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center of Cancer MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Meihua Luo
- Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical UniversityFoshanChina
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center of Cancer MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Wuguo Deng
- Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center of Cancer MedicineGuangzhouChina
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18
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Hossain MM, Barua D, Arabkari V, Islam N, Gupta A, Gupta S. Hyperactivation of nuclear receptor coactivators induces PERK-dependent cell death. Oncotarget 2018; 9:11707-11721. [PMID: 29545931 PMCID: PMC5837751 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptor coactivators (NCOAs) function as coactivators for nuclear receptors as well as several other transcription factors and potentiate their transcriptional activity. NCOAs play an important role in biology of hormone-dependent and -independent cancers. MCB-613 is a recently described, small molecule stimulator of NCOAs and anti-neoplastic compound that leads to the death of tumour cells due to increased cellular stress. In the present study we investigated the molecular mechanism of MCB-613-induced cell death. We report that absence of NCOA3 leads to compromised activation of PERK signalling pathway during unfolded protein response (UPR). We found that chemical and genetic inhibition of NCOA3 attenuated the expression of PERK at mRNA and protein level. We show that loss of NCOA3 renders cells hypersensitive to UPR induced cell death. Our results show that MCB-613 induced cell death is attenuated in NCOA3 knockout HeLa cells and MCB-613 leads to enhanced PERK signalling in wild-type HeLa cells. The knockdown of PERK provides resistance to MCB-613 mediated cell death while knockdown of XBP1 and ATF6 have no such effect. Our results suggest that hyperstimulation of NCOA3 by MCB-613 induces cell death by evoking constitutive PERK signalling. Taken together our results point to NCOA3 as an important determinant in regulating cell fate during ER stress, with too little and too much NCOA3 both producing deleterious effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Mosaraf Hossain
- Discipline of Pathology, School of Medicine, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - David Barua
- Discipline of Pathology, School of Medicine, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Vahid Arabkari
- Discipline of Pathology, School of Medicine, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Nahidul Islam
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Ananya Gupta
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Sanjeev Gupta
- Discipline of Pathology, School of Medicine, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
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19
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Abstract
The androgen-signaling axis plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer. Since the landmark discovery by Huggins and Hodges, gonadal depletion of androgens has remained a mainstay of therapy for advanced disease. However, progression to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) typically follows and is largely the result of restored androgen signaling. Efforts to understand the mechanisms behind CRPC have revealed new insights into dysregulated androgen signaling and intratumoral androgen synthesis, which has ultimately led to the development of several novel androgen receptor (AR)-directed therapies for CRPC. However, emergence of resistance to these newer agents has also galvanized new directions in investigations of prereceptor and postreceptor AR regulation. Here, we review our current understanding of AR signaling as it pertains to the biology and natural history of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Dai
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Hannelore Heemers
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
- Hematology & Medical Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
- Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Nima Sharifi
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
- Hematology & Medical Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
- Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
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20
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Chen Z, Gerke T, Bird V, Prosperi M. Trends in Gene Expression Profiling for Prostate Cancer Risk Assessment: A Systematic Review. Biomed Hub 2017; 2:1-15. [PMID: 31988908 PMCID: PMC6945900 DOI: 10.1159/000472146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study is to review biotechnology advances in gene expression profiling on prostate cancer (PCa), focusing on experimental platform development and gene discovery, in relation to different study designs and outcomes in order to understand how they can be exploited to improve PCa diagnosis and clinical management. METHODS We conducted a systematic literature review on gene expression profiling studies through PubMed/MEDLINE and Web of Science between 2000 and 2016. Tissue biopsy and clinical gene profiling studies with different outcomes (e.g., recurrence, survival) were included. RESULTS Over 3,000 papers were screened and 137 full-text articles were selected. In terms of technology used, microarray is still the most popular technique, increasing from 50 to 70% between 2010 and 2015, but there has been a rise in the number of studies using RNA sequencing (13% in 2015). Sample sizes have increased, as well as the number of genes that can be screened all at once, but we have also observed more focused targeting in more recent studies. Qualitative analysis on the specific genes found associated with PCa risk or clinical outcomes revealed a large variety of gene candidates, with a few consistent cross-studies. CONCLUSIONS The last 15 years of research in gene expression in PCa have brought a large volume of data and information that has been decoded only in part, but advancements in high-throughput sequencing technology are increasing the amount of data that can be generated. The variety of findings warrants the execution of both validation studies and meta-analyses. Genetic biomarkers have tremendous potential for early diagnosis of PCa and, if coupled with other diagnostics (e.g., imaging), can effectively be used to concretize less-invasive, personalized prediction of PCa risk and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyi Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Victoria Bird
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Mattia Prosperi
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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21
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Lonard DM, O'Malley BW. Molecular Pathways: Targeting Steroid Receptor Coactivators in Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:5403-5407. [PMID: 27654711 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-1958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Coactivators represent a large class of proteins that partner with nuclear receptors and other transcription factors to regulate gene expression. Given their pleiotropic roles in the control of transcription, coactivators have been implicated in a broad range of human disease states, including cancer. This is best typified by the three members of the steroid receptor coactivator (SRC) family, each of which integrates steroid hormone signaling and growth factor pathways to drive oncogenic gene expression programs in breast, endometrial, ovarian, prostate, and other cancers. Because of this, coactivators represent emerging targets for cancer therapeutics, and efforts are now being made to develop SRC-targeting agents, such as the SI-2 inhibitor and the novel SRC stimulator, MCB-613, that are able to block cancer growth in cell culture and animal model systems. Here, we will discuss the mechanisms through which coactivators drive cancer progression and how targeting coactivators represent a novel conceptual approach to combat tumor growth that is distinct from the use of other targeted therapeutic agents. We also will describe efforts to develop next-generation SRC inhibitors and stimulators that can be taken into the clinic for the treatment of recurrent, drug-resistant cancers. Clin Cancer Res; 22(22); 5403-7. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Lonard
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Bert W O'Malley
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
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22
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Zhou BF, Wei JH, Chen ZH, Dong P, Lai YR, Fang Y, Jiang HM, Lu J, Zhou FJ, Xie D, Luo JH, Chen W. Identification and validation of AIB1 and EIF5A2 for noninvasive detection of bladder cancer in urine samples. Oncotarget 2016; 7:41703-41714. [PMID: 27203388 PMCID: PMC5173089 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that amplified in breast cancer 1 (AIB1) and eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (EIF5A2) overexpression was an independent predictor of poor clinical outcomes for patients with bladder cancer (BCa). In this study, we evaluated the usefulness of AIB1 and EIF5A2 alone and in combination with nuclear matrix protein 22 (NMP22) as noninvasive diagnostic tests for BCa. Using urine samples from 135 patients (training set, controls [n = 50] and BCa [n = 85]), we detected the AIB1, EIF5A2, and NMP22 concentrations using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We applied multivariate logistic regression analysis to build a model based on the three biomarkers for BCa diagnosis. The diagnostic accuracy of the three biomarkers and the model were assessed and compared by the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic. We validated the diagnostic accuracy of these biomarkers and the model in an independent validation cohort of 210 patients. In the training set, urinary concentrations of AIB1, EIF5A2, and NMP22 were significantly elevated in BCa. The AUCs of AIB1, EIF5A2, NMP22, and the model were 0.846, 0.761, 0.794, and 0.919, respectively. The model had the highest diagnostic accuracy when compared with AIB1, EIF5A2, or NMP22 (p < 0.05 for all). The model had 92% sensitivity and 92% specificity. We obtained similar results in the independent validation cohort. AIB1 and EIF5A2 show promise for the noninvasive detection of BCa. The model based on AIB1, EIF5A2, and NMP22 outperformed each of the three individual biomarkers for detecting BCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bang-Fen Zhou
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Urology, Hainan Provincal Nongken General Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Jin-Huan Wei
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen-Hua Chen
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pei Dong
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Rong Lai
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Fang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Ming Jiang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Urology, Meizhou People's Hospital, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang-Jian Zhou
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Xie
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun-Hang Luo
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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23
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The Role of Steroid Receptor Coactivators in Hormone Dependent Cancers and Their Potential as Therapeutic Targets. Discov Oncol 2016; 7:229-35. [PMID: 27125199 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-016-0261-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Steroid receptor coactivator (SRC) family members (SRC-1, SRC-2, SRC-3) interact with nuclear receptors (NRs) and many transcription factors to enhance target gene transcription. Deregulation of SRCs is widely implicated in NR mediated diseases, especially hormone dependent cancers. By integrating steroid hormone signaling and growth factor pathways, SRC proteins exert multiple modes of oncogenic regulation in cancers and represent emerging targets for cancer therapeutics. Recent work has identified SRC-targeting agents that show promise in blocking tumor growth in vitro and in vivo, and have the potential to function as powerful and broadly encompassing treatments for different cancers.
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24
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Culig Z. Androgen Receptor Coactivators in Regulation of Growth and Differentiation in Prostate Cancer. J Cell Physiol 2016. [PMID: 26201947 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) is a key factor in regulation of growth and differentiation in normal and malignant prostate. Endocrine therapies for prostate cancer include inhibition of androgen production either by analogs of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone or abiraterone acetate and/or use of anti-androgens such as hydroxyflutamide, bicalutamide, and enzalutamide. Castration therapy-resistant cancer develops inevitably in patients who undergo treatment. AR coactivators are proteins which interact with one or more regions of the AR thus enhancing its function. Although several functions of AR coactivators may be redundant, specific functions have been identified and analyzed. The p160 group of coactivators, SRC-1, -2, and -3 not only potentiate the activation of the AR, but are also implicated in potentiation of function of insulin-like growth factor-I and activation of the Akt pathway. Transcriptional integrators p300 and CBP are up-regulated by androgen ablation and may influence antagonist/agonist balance of non-steroidal anti-androgens. A therapy approach designed to target p300 in prostate cancer revealed its role in regulation of proliferation of migration of androgen-sensitive and -insensitive prostate cancer cells. Coactivators p300 and SRC-1 are required for AR activation by interleukin-6 (IL-6), a cytokine that is overexpressed in castration therapy-resistant prostate cancer. Some coactivators, such as Vav3, are involved in regulation of transcriptional activity of truncated AR, which emerge during endocrine thrapy. Stimulation of cellular migration and invasion by AR coactivators has also been described. Translational studies with aim to introduce anti-AR coactivator therapy have not been successfully implemented in the clinic so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoran Culig
- Experimental Urology, Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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25
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Foley C, Mitsiades N. Moving Beyond the Androgen Receptor (AR): Targeting AR-Interacting Proteins to Treat Prostate Cancer. HORMONES & CANCER 2016; 7:84-103. [PMID: 26728473 PMCID: PMC5380740 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-015-0239-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Medical or surgical castration serves as the backbone of systemic therapy for advanced and metastatic prostate cancer, taking advantage of the importance of androgen signaling in this disease. Unfortunately, resistance to castration emerges almost universally. Despite the development and approval of new and more potent androgen synthesis inhibitors and androgen receptor (AR) antagonists, prostate cancers continue to develop resistance to these therapeutics, while often maintaining their dependence on the AR signaling axis. This highlights the need for innovative therapeutic approaches that aim to continue disrupting AR downstream signaling but are orthogonal to directly targeting the AR itself. In this review, we discuss the preclinical research that has been done, as well as clinical trials for prostate cancer, on inhibiting several important families of AR-interacting proteins, including chaperones (such as heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) and FKBP52), pioneer factors (including forkhead box protein A1 (FOXA1) and GATA-2), and AR transcriptional coregulators such as the p160 steroid receptor coactivators (SRCs) SRC-1, SRC-2, SRC-3, as well as lysine deacetylases (KDACs) and lysine acetyltransferases (KATs). Researching the effect of-and developing new therapeutic agents that target-the AR signaling axis is critical to advancing our understanding of prostate cancer biology, to continue to improve treatments for prostate cancer and for overcoming castration resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Foley
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Suite R407, MS: BCM187, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Suite R407, MS: BCM187, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Nicholas Mitsiades
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Suite R407, MS: BCM187, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Suite R407, MS: BCM187, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Center for Drug Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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26
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Shukla GC, Plaga AR, Shankar E, Gupta S. Androgen receptor-related diseases: what do we know? Andrology 2016; 4:366-81. [PMID: 26991422 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) and the androgen-AR signaling pathway play a significant role in male sexual differentiation and the development and function of male reproductive and non-reproductive organs. Because of AR's widely varied and important roles, its abnormalities have been identified in various diseases such as androgen insensitivity syndrome, spinal bulbar muscular atrophy, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and prostate cancer. This review provides an overview of the function of androgens and androgen-AR mediated diseases. In addition, the diseases delineated above are discussed with respect to their association with mutations and other post-transcriptional modifications in the AR. Finally, we present an introduction to the potential therapeutic application of most recent pharmaceuticals including miRNAs in prostate cancer that specifically target the transactivation function of the AR at post-transcriptional stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- G C Shukla
- Center of Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - A R Plaga
- Center of Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - E Shankar
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University & University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - S Gupta
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University & University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Division of General Medical Sciences, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Urology, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
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27
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Nikolai BC, Lanz RB, York B, Dasgupta S, Mitsiades N, Creighton CJ, Tsimelzon A, Hilsenbeck SG, Lonard DM, Smith CL, O'Malley BW. HER2 Signaling Drives DNA Anabolism and Proliferation through SRC-3 Phosphorylation and E2F1-Regulated Genes. Cancer Res 2016; 76:1463-75. [PMID: 26833126 PMCID: PMC4794399 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-2383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 20% of early-stage breast cancers display amplification or overexpression of the ErbB2/HER2 oncogene, conferring poor prognosis and resistance to endocrine therapy. Targeting HER2(+) tumors with trastuzumab or the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitor lapatinib significantly improves survival, yet tumor resistance and progression of metastatic disease still develop over time. Although the mechanisms of cytosolic HER2 signaling are well studied, nuclear signaling components and gene regulatory networks that bestow therapeutic resistance and limitless proliferative potential are incompletely understood. Here, we use biochemical and bioinformatic approaches to identify effectors and targets of HER2 transcriptional signaling in human breast cancer. Phosphorylation and activity of the Steroid Receptor Coactivator-3 (SRC-3) is reduced upon HER2 inhibition, and recruitment of SRC-3 to regulatory elements of endogenous genes is impaired. Transcripts regulated by HER2 signaling are highly enriched with E2F1 binding sites and define a gene signature associated with proliferative breast tumor subtypes, cell-cycle progression, and DNA replication. We show that HER2 signaling promotes breast cancer cell proliferation through regulation of E2F1-driven DNA metabolism and replication genes together with phosphorylation and activity of the transcriptional coactivator SRC-3. Furthermore, our analyses identified a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) signaling node that, when targeted using the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib, defines overlap and divergence of adjuvant pharmacologic targeting. Importantly, lapatinib and palbociclib strictly block de novo synthesis of DNA, mostly through disruption of E2F1 and its target genes. These results have implications for rational discovery of pharmacologic combinations in preclinical models of adjuvant treatment and therapeutic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan C Nikolai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Rainer B Lanz
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Brian York
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Subhamoy Dasgupta
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Nicholas Mitsiades
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas. Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas. Center for Drug Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Chad J Creighton
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas. Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center Division of Biostatistics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Anna Tsimelzon
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Susan G Hilsenbeck
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - David M Lonard
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Carolyn L Smith
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Bert W O'Malley
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
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28
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Wang L, Yu Y, Chow DC, Yan F, Hsu CC, Stossi F, Mancini MA, Palzkill T, Liao L, Zhou S, Xu J, Lonard DM, O'Malley BW. Characterization of a Steroid Receptor Coactivator Small Molecule Stimulator that Overstimulates Cancer Cells and Leads to Cell Stress and Death. Cancer Cell 2015; 28:240-52. [PMID: 26267537 PMCID: PMC4536575 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
By integrating growth pathways on which cancer cells rely, steroid receptor coactivators (SRC-1, SRC-2, and SRC-3) represent emerging targets in cancer therapeutics. High-throughput screening for SRC small molecule inhibitors (SMIs) uncovered MCB-613 as a potent SRC small molecule "stimulator" (SMS). We demonstrate that MCB-613 can super-stimulate SRCs' transcriptional activity. Further investigation revealed that MCB-613 increases SRCs' interactions with other coactivators and markedly induces ER stress coupled to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Because cancer cells overexpress SRCs and rely on them for growth, we show that we can exploit MCB-613 to selectively induce excessive stress in cancer cells. This suggests that over-stimulating the SRC oncogenic program can be an effective strategy to kill cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dar-Chone Chow
- Department of Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Fei Yan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chih-Chao Hsu
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Fabio Stossi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael A Mancini
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Timothy Palzkill
- Department of Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lan Liao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Suoling Zhou
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jianming Xu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - David M Lonard
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Bert W O'Malley
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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29
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Wang H, Yang X, Jin Y, Pei S, Zhang D, Ma W, Huang J, Qiu H, Zhang X, Jiang Q, Sun W, Zhang H, Lin D. Expression and significance of CHIP in canine mammary gland tumors. J Vet Med Sci 2015; 77:1465-71. [PMID: 26156079 PMCID: PMC4667665 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.14-0484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
CHIP (Carboxy terminus of Hsc70 Interacting Protein) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that can
induce ubiquitination and degradation of several oncogenic proteins. The expression of
CHIP is frequently lower in human breast cancer than in normal breast tissue. However, the
expression and role of CHIP in the canine mammary gland tumor (CMGT) remain unclear. We
investigated the potential correlation between CHIP expression and mammary gland tumor
prognosis in female dogs. CHIP expression was measured in 54 dogs by immunohistochemistry
and real-time RT-PCR. CHIP protein expression was significantly correlated with the
histopathological diagnosis, outcome of disease and tumor classification. The
transcriptional level of CHIP was significantly higher in normal tissues
(P=0.001) and benign tumors (P=0.009) than it in
malignant tumors. CHIP protein expression was significantly correlated with the
transcriptional level of CHIP (P=0.0102). The log-rank
test survival curves indicated that patients with low expression of CHIP had shorter
overall periods of survival than those with higher CHIP protein expression
(P=0.050). Our data suggest that CHIP may play an important role in the
formation and development of CMGTs and serve as a valuable prognostic marker and potential
target for genetic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanan Wang
- The Clinical Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
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30
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Eedunuri VK, Rajapakshe K, Fiskus W, Geng C, Chew SA, Foley C, Shah SS, Shou J, Mohamed JS, Coarfa C, O'Malley BW, Mitsiades N. miR-137 Targets p160 Steroid Receptor Coactivators SRC1, SRC2, and SRC3 and Inhibits Cell Proliferation. Mol Endocrinol 2015; 29:1170-83. [PMID: 26066330 DOI: 10.1210/me.2015-1080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The p160 family of steroid receptor coactivators (SRCs) are pleiotropic transcription factor coactivators and "master regulators" of gene expression that promote cancer cell proliferation, survival, metabolism, migration, invasion, and metastasis. Cancers with high p160 SRC expression exhibit poor clinical outcomes and resistance to therapy, highlighting the SRCs as critical oncogenic drivers and, thus, therapeutic targets. microRNAs are important epigenetic regulators of protein expression. To examine the regulation of p160 SRCs by microRNAs, we used and combined 4 prediction algorithms to identify microRNAs that could target SRC1, SRC2, and SRC3 expression. For validation of these predictions, we assessed p160 SRC protein expression and cell viability after transfection of corresponding microRNA mimetics in breast cancer, uveal melanoma, and prostate cancer (PC) cell lines. Transfection of selected microRNA mimetics into breast cancer, uveal melanoma, and PC cells depleted SRC protein expression levels and exerted potent antiproliferative activity in these cell types. In particular, microRNA-137 (miR-137) depleted expression of SRC1, SRC2, and very potently, SRC3. The latter effect can be attributed to the presence of 3 miR-137 recognition sequences within the SRC3 3'-untranslated region. Using reverse phase protein array analysis, we identified a network of proteins, in addition to SRC3, that were modulated by miR-137 in PC cells. We also found that miR-137 and its host gene are epigenetically silenced in human cancer specimens and cell lines. These results support the development and testing of microRNA-based therapies (in particular based on restoring miR-137 levels) for targeting the oncogenic family of p160 SRCs in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar Eedunuri
- Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation (V.K.E.), New Orleans, Louisiana 70130; and Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology (K.R., W.F., C.G., S.A.C., C.F., S.S.S., J.S., J.S.M., C.C., B.W.O., N.M.) and Department of Medicine (W.F., C.G., S.A.C., C.F., S.S.S., J.S., J.S.M., N.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Kimal Rajapakshe
- Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation (V.K.E.), New Orleans, Louisiana 70130; and Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology (K.R., W.F., C.G., S.A.C., C.F., S.S.S., J.S., J.S.M., C.C., B.W.O., N.M.) and Department of Medicine (W.F., C.G., S.A.C., C.F., S.S.S., J.S., J.S.M., N.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Warren Fiskus
- Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation (V.K.E.), New Orleans, Louisiana 70130; and Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology (K.R., W.F., C.G., S.A.C., C.F., S.S.S., J.S., J.S.M., C.C., B.W.O., N.M.) and Department of Medicine (W.F., C.G., S.A.C., C.F., S.S.S., J.S., J.S.M., N.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Chuandong Geng
- Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation (V.K.E.), New Orleans, Louisiana 70130; and Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology (K.R., W.F., C.G., S.A.C., C.F., S.S.S., J.S., J.S.M., C.C., B.W.O., N.M.) and Department of Medicine (W.F., C.G., S.A.C., C.F., S.S.S., J.S., J.S.M., N.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Sue Anne Chew
- Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation (V.K.E.), New Orleans, Louisiana 70130; and Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology (K.R., W.F., C.G., S.A.C., C.F., S.S.S., J.S., J.S.M., C.C., B.W.O., N.M.) and Department of Medicine (W.F., C.G., S.A.C., C.F., S.S.S., J.S., J.S.M., N.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Christopher Foley
- Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation (V.K.E.), New Orleans, Louisiana 70130; and Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology (K.R., W.F., C.G., S.A.C., C.F., S.S.S., J.S., J.S.M., C.C., B.W.O., N.M.) and Department of Medicine (W.F., C.G., S.A.C., C.F., S.S.S., J.S., J.S.M., N.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Shrijal S Shah
- Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation (V.K.E.), New Orleans, Louisiana 70130; and Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology (K.R., W.F., C.G., S.A.C., C.F., S.S.S., J.S., J.S.M., C.C., B.W.O., N.M.) and Department of Medicine (W.F., C.G., S.A.C., C.F., S.S.S., J.S., J.S.M., N.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - John Shou
- Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation (V.K.E.), New Orleans, Louisiana 70130; and Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology (K.R., W.F., C.G., S.A.C., C.F., S.S.S., J.S., J.S.M., C.C., B.W.O., N.M.) and Department of Medicine (W.F., C.G., S.A.C., C.F., S.S.S., J.S., J.S.M., N.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Junaith S Mohamed
- Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation (V.K.E.), New Orleans, Louisiana 70130; and Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology (K.R., W.F., C.G., S.A.C., C.F., S.S.S., J.S., J.S.M., C.C., B.W.O., N.M.) and Department of Medicine (W.F., C.G., S.A.C., C.F., S.S.S., J.S., J.S.M., N.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation (V.K.E.), New Orleans, Louisiana 70130; and Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology (K.R., W.F., C.G., S.A.C., C.F., S.S.S., J.S., J.S.M., C.C., B.W.O., N.M.) and Department of Medicine (W.F., C.G., S.A.C., C.F., S.S.S., J.S., J.S.M., N.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Bert W O'Malley
- Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation (V.K.E.), New Orleans, Louisiana 70130; and Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology (K.R., W.F., C.G., S.A.C., C.F., S.S.S., J.S., J.S.M., C.C., B.W.O., N.M.) and Department of Medicine (W.F., C.G., S.A.C., C.F., S.S.S., J.S., J.S.M., N.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Nicholas Mitsiades
- Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation (V.K.E.), New Orleans, Louisiana 70130; and Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology (K.R., W.F., C.G., S.A.C., C.F., S.S.S., J.S., J.S.M., C.C., B.W.O., N.M.) and Department of Medicine (W.F., C.G., S.A.C., C.F., S.S.S., J.S., J.S.M., N.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
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31
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Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR), ligand-induced transcription factor, is expressed in primary prostate cancer and in metastases. AR regulates multiple cellular events, proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, and differentiation. Its expression in prostate cancer cells is regulated by steroid and peptide hormones. AR downregulation by various compounds which are contained in fruits and vegetables is considered a chemopreventive strategy for prostate cancer. There is a bidirectional interaction between the AR and micro-RNA (miRNA) in prostate cancer; androgens may upregulate or downregulate the selected miRNA, whereas the AR itself is a target of miRNA. AR mutations have been discovered in prostate cancer, and their incidence may increase with tumor progression. AR mutations and increased expression of selected coactivators contribute to the acquisition of agonistic properties of anti-androgens. Expression of some of the coactivators is enhanced during androgen ablation. AR activity is regulated by peptides such as cytokines or growth factors which reduce the concentration of androgen required for maximal stimulation of the receptor. In prostate cancer, variant ARs which exhibit constitutive activity were detected. Novel therapies which interfere with intracrine synthesis of androgens or inhibit nuclear translocation of the AR have been introduced in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoran Culig
- Division of Experimental Urology, Department of Urology, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria,
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32
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Mou C, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Ding Y, Chen L. Lysine residues 639 and 673 of mouse Ncoa3 are ubiquitination sites for the regulation of its stability. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2014; 46:1066-71. [PMID: 25348736 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmu096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ncoa3 is a transcriptional coactivator involved in a wide range of biological processes. Regulation of Ncoa3 protein stability is important to control its activity precisely. Here, we found that deleting amino acid residues 614-740 of Ncoa3 enhances the protein expression level. Replacing two lysine residues, K639 and K673, within this region by arginine, increases the stability of the luciferase fusion protein as well as Ncoa3 protein. When these two lysine residues are mutated to arginine, the overall ubiquitination level of Ncoa3 decreases, indicating that lysine 639 and 673 are its ubiquitination sites. Taken together, we identified two ubiquitination sites at lysine 639 and 673 of Ncoa3. Ubiquitination of these two lysine residues leads to proteasomal degradation of Ncoa3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlin Mou
- State key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yanqin Zhang
- State key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Weiyu Zhang
- State key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yu Ding
- State key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Lingyi Chen
- State key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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Tien JCY, Liao L, Liu Y, Liu Z, Lee DK, Wang F, Xu J. The steroid receptor coactivator-3 is required for developing neuroendocrine tumor in the mouse prostate. Int J Biol Sci 2014; 10:1116-27. [PMID: 25332686 PMCID: PMC4202028 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.10236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine tumor cells (NETCs) are commonly observed in prostate cancer. Their presence is associated with castration resistance, metastasis and poor prognosis. Cellular and molecular mechanisms for NETC initiation and growth are unknown. TRAMP mice develop heterogeneous adenocarcinomas induced by expression of the SV40-T/t oncogene in prostate epithelial cells. Here, we demonstrate prostate tumors in TRAMP mice with a mixed genetic background are characterized mostly by atypical hyperplasia (AH) containing steroid receptor coactiator-3-positive, androgen receptor-positive and synaptophysin-negative (SRC-3+/AR+/Syp-) cells. Few SRC-3+/AR-/Syp+ NETCs are present in their prostates. We generated TRAMP mice in which SRC-3 was specifically ablated in AR+/Syp- prostatic epithelial cells (termed PE3KOT mice). In these animals, we observed a substantial reduction in SRC-3-/AR+/Syp- AH tumor growth. There was a corresponding increase in SRC-3-/AR+/Syp- phyllodes lesions, suggesting SRC-3 knockout can convert aggressive AH tumors with mostly epithelial tumor cells into less aggressive phyllodes lesions with mostly stromal tissue. Surprisingly, PE3KOT mice developed many more SRC-3+/AR-/Syp+ NETCs versus control TRAMP mice, indicating SRC-3 expression was retained in NETCs. In contrast, TRAMP mice with global SRC-3 knockout did not develop any NETC, indicating SRC-3 is required for developing NETC. Analysis of cell-differentiating markers revealed that these NETCs might not be derived from the mature AR-/Syp+ neuroendocrine cells or the AR+/Syp- luminal epithelial tumor cells. Instead, these NETCs might originate from the SV40-T/t-transformed intermediate/progenitor epithelial cells. In summary, SRC-3 is required for both AR+/Syp- AH tumor growth and AR-/Syp+ NETC development, suggesting SRC-3 is a target for inhibiting aggressive prostate cancer containing NETCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Ching-Yi Tien
- 1. Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA; ; 2. Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Lan Liao
- 1. Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Yonghong Liu
- 1. Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA; ; 2. Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Zhaoliang Liu
- 1. Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA; ; 2. Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Dong-Kee Lee
- 1. Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Fen Wang
- 2. Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Jianming Xu
- 1. Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA; ; 2. Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA; ; 3. Insitute for Cancer Medicine, Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
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Zuhlke KA, Johnson AM, Tomlins SA, Palanisamy N, Carpten JD, Lange EM, Isaacs WB, Cooney KA. Identification of a novel germline SPOP mutation in a family with hereditary prostate cancer. Prostate 2014; 74:983-90. [PMID: 24796539 PMCID: PMC4230298 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Family history of prostate cancer is a well-recognized risk factor. Previous linkage studies have reported a putative prostate cancer susceptibility locus at chromosome 17q21-22. SPOP (Speckle-type POZ protein) maps to the 17q21-22 candidate linkage region and is one of the most frequently mutated genes in sporadic prostate cancers. METHODS We performed targeted next generation sequencing to analyze 2009 exons from 202 genes in a candidate linkage region on chromosome 17q21-22 using 94 unrelated familial prostate cancer cases from the University of Michigan Prostate Cancer Genetics Project (n=54) and Johns Hopkins University (n=40) including the exons and UTRs of SPOP. RESULTS We identified a novel SPOP missense mutation (N296I) in a man with prostate cancer diagnosed at age 43. This mutation completely segregates with prostate cancer affection status among the men in this family. The N296I mutation resides within the evolutionarily conserved Bric-a-brac, Tramtrack, Broad-complex (BTB) domain, involved in recruiting targets to Cul3 for degradation. Analysis of the prostate tumor from this individual verified the presence of heterozygous N296I as well as an ERG fusion. CONCLUSIONS We have discovered a novel mutation in SPOP that tracks with prostate cancer within a family and is predicted to be deleterious. Taken together, our results implicate SPOP as a candidate gene for hereditary prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A. Zuhlke
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Anna M. Johnson
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Scott A. Tomlins
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nallasivam Palanisamy
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Ethan M. Lange
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - William B. Isaacs
- Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kathleen A. Cooney
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Alvarado CV, Rubio MF, Fernández Larrosa PN, Panelo LC, Azurmendi PJ, Ruiz Grecco M, Martínez-Nöel GA, Costas MA. The levels of RAC3 expression are up regulated by TNF in the inflammatory response. FEBS Open Bio 2014; 4:450-7. [PMID: 24918060 PMCID: PMC4050193 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2014.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory response increases the expression of RAC3 in vitro and in vivo. TNF induces the increase of RAC3 at transcriptional level through NF-κB activation. Glucocorticoids also induce the increase of RAC3 expression levels. RAC3 appears to be essential for NF-κB- and GR-mediated transcription.
RAC3 is a coactivator of glucocorticoid receptor and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) that is usually over-expressed in tumors and which also has important functions in the immune system. We investigated the role of the inflammatory response in the control of RAC3 expression levels in vivo and in vitro. We found that inflammation regulates RAC3 levels. In mice, sub-lethal doses of lipopolysaccharide induce the increase of RAC3 in spleen and the administration of the synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid dexamethasone has a similar effect. However, the simultaneous treatment with both stimuli is mutually antagonistic. In vitro stimulation of the HEK293 cell line with tumor necrosis factor (TNF), one of the cytokines induced by lipopolysaccharide, also increases the levels of RAC3 mRNA and protein, which correlates with an enhanced transcription dependent on the RAC3 gene promoter. We found that binding of the transcription factor NF-κB to the RAC3 gene promoter could be responsible for these effects. Our results suggest that increase of RAC3 during the inflammatory response could be a molecular mechanism involved in the control of sensitivity to both pro- and anti-inflammatory stimuli in order to maintain the normal healthy course of the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Viviana Alvarado
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Apoptosis, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Alfredo Lanari, IDIM-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Combatientes de Malvinas 3150, C1427ARO Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Fernanda Rubio
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Apoptosis, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Alfredo Lanari, IDIM-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Combatientes de Malvinas 3150, C1427ARO Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Argentine National Research Council (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Pablo Nicolas Fernández Larrosa
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Apoptosis, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Alfredo Lanari, IDIM-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Combatientes de Malvinas 3150, C1427ARO Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Argentine National Research Council (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Laura Carolina Panelo
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Apoptosis, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Alfredo Lanari, IDIM-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Combatientes de Malvinas 3150, C1427ARO Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo Javier Azurmendi
- Laboratorio de Riñón Experimental, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Alfredo Lanari, IDIM-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Combatientes de Malvinas 3150, C1427ARO Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marina Ruiz Grecco
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Apoptosis, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Alfredo Lanari, IDIM-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Combatientes de Malvinas 3150, C1427ARO Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Giselle Astrid Martínez-Nöel
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Apoptosis, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Alfredo Lanari, IDIM-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Combatientes de Malvinas 3150, C1427ARO Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Argentine National Research Council (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Mónica Alejandra Costas
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Apoptosis, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Alfredo Lanari, IDIM-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Combatientes de Malvinas 3150, C1427ARO Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Argentine National Research Council (CONICET), Argentina
- Corresponding author at: Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Apoptosis, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Alfredo Lanari, IDIM-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Combatientes de Malvinas 3150, C1427ARO Buenos Aires, Argentina. Tel.: +54 01145148702; fax: +54 11 4523 8947.
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Wang Y, Lonard DM, Yu Y, Chow DC, Palzkill TG, Wang J, Qi R, Matzuk AJ, Song X, Madoux F, Hodder P, Chase P, Griffin PR, Zhou S, Liao L, Xu J, O'Malley BW. Bufalin is a potent small-molecule inhibitor of the steroid receptor coactivators SRC-3 and SRC-1. Cancer Res 2014; 74:1506-1517. [PMID: 24390736 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-2939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Virtually all transcription factors partner with coactivators that recruit chromatin remodeling factors and interact with the basal transcription machinery. Coactivators have been implicated in cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis, including the p160 steroid receptor coactivator (SRC) family composed of SRC-1 (NCOA1), SRC-2 (TIF2/GRIP1/NCOA2), and SRC-3 (AIB1/ACTR/NCOA3). Given their broad involvement in many cancers, they represent candidate molecular targets for new chemotherapeutics. Here, we report on the results of a high-throughput screening effort that identified the cardiac glycoside bufalin as a potent small-molecule inhibitor for SRC-3 and SRC-1. Bufalin strongly promoted SRC-3 protein degradation and was able to block cancer cell growth at nanomolar concentrations. When incorporated into a nanoparticle delivery system, bufalin was able to reduce tumor growth in a mouse xenograft model of breast cancer. Our work identifies bufalin as a potentially broad-spectrum small-molecule inhibitor for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - David M Lonard
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dar-Chone Chow
- Department of Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Timothy G Palzkill
- Department of Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ruogu Qi
- Department of Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Alexander J Matzuk
- Department of Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xianzhou Song
- Department of Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Franck Madoux
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Peter Hodder
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Peter Chase
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Patrick R Griffin
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Suoling Zhou
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lan Liao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jianming Xu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Bert W O'Malley
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Liu MY, Guo HP, Hong CQ, Peng HW, Yang XH, Zhang H. Up-regulation of nuclear receptor coactivator amplified in breast cancer-1 in papillary thyroid carcinoma correlates with lymph node metastasis. Clin Transl Oncol 2013; 15:947-52. [PMID: 23606350 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-013-1029-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nuclear receptor coactivator amplified in breast cancer-1 (AIB1), a new oncogenic coactivator, is commonly overexpressed and amplified in variety of human cancers. However, the expression of AIB1 in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), the major histologic type of thyroid cancer, and its clinical significance are still unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS AIB1 expression in PTC was examined by immunohistochemistry using tissue microarrays comprised of 90 primary PTC, 46 matched lymph node, and 20 normal thyroid tissue specimens in this study. RESULTS In the normal thyroid specimens, AIB1 expression was either absent or at low levels. In contrast, AIB1 overexpression was detected in 50 of 83 (60.2 %) primary PTC specimens. Up-regulated AIB1 was evident in 39 of 46 (73.5 %) matched lymph nodes. Overexpression of AIB1 was observed more frequently in PTCs with lymph node metastasis [N1a/N1b, 39/46 (73.5 %)] versus PTCs without lymph node metastasis [N0, 14/34 (41.2 %)]. Furthermore, high-level AIB1 expression was only observed in the lymph node-positive specimens. Moreover, we found no correlation between AIB1 expression and ER expression in PTC tissues. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that overexpression of AIB1 may be a biomarker for tumorigenesis and progression of PTC and may play an important role in its acquisition of a metastatic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-Y Liu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515000, China
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Shafi AA, Yen AE, Weigel NL. Androgen receptors in hormone-dependent and castration-resistant prostate cancer. Pharmacol Ther 2013; 140:223-38. [PMID: 23859952 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In the United States, prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed non-cutaneous cancer in males and the second leading cause of cancer-related death for men. The prostate is an androgen-dependent organ and PCa is an androgen-dependent disease. Androgen action is mediated by the androgen receptor (AR), a hormone activated transcription factor. The primary treatment for metastatic PCa is androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). For the most part, tumors respond to ADT, but most become resistant to therapy within two years. There is persuasive evidence that castration resistant (also termed castration recurrent) PCa (CRPC) remains AR dependent. Recent studies have shown that there are numerous factors that contribute to AR reactivation despite castrate serum levels of androgens. These include changes in AR expression and structure through gene amplification, mutation, and alternative splicing. Changes in steroid metabolism, cell signaling, and coregulator proteins are also important contributors to AR reactivation in CRPC. Most AR targeted therapies have been directed at the hormone binding domain. The finding that constitutively active AR splice variants that lack the hormone binding domain are frequently expressed in CRPC highlights the need to develop therapies that target other portions of AR. In this review, the role of AR in normal prostate, in PCa, and particularly the mechanisms for its reactivation subsequent to ADT are summarized. In addition, recent clinical trials and novel approaches to target AR are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha A Shafi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, M515, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Tien JCY, Liu Z, Liao L, Wang F, Xu Y, Wu YL, Zhou N, Ittmann M, Xu J. The steroid receptor coactivator-3 is required for the development of castration-resistant prostate cancer. Cancer Res 2013; 73:3997-4008. [PMID: 23650284 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-3929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The transcriptional coactivator SRC-3 plays a key role in enhancing prostate cancer cell proliferation. Although SRC-3 is highly expressed in advanced prostate cancer, its role in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) driven by PTEN mutation is unknown. We documented elevated SRC-3 in human CRPC and in PTEN-negative human prostate cancer. Patients with high SRC-3 and undetectable PTEN exhibited decreased recurrence-free survival. To explore the causal relationship in these observations, we generated mice in which both Pten and SRC-3 were inactivated in prostate epithelial cells (Pten3CKO mice), comparing them with mice in which only Pten was inactivated in these cells (PtenCKO mice). SRC-3 deletion impaired cellular proliferation and reduced tumor size. Notably, while castration of PtenCKO control mice increased the aggressiveness of prostate tumors relative to noncastrated counterparts, deletion of SRC-3 in Pten3CKO mice reversed all these changes. In support of this finding, castrated Pten3CKO mice also exhibited decreased levels of phospho-Akt, S6 kinase (RPS6KB1), and phosphorylated S6 protein (RPS6), all of which mediate cell growth and proliferation. Moreover, these tumors appeared to be more differentiated as evidenced by higher levels of Fkbp5, an AR-responsive gene that inhibits Akt signaling. Lastly, these tumors also displayed lower levels of certain androgen-repressed genes such as cyclin E2 and MMP10. Together, our results show that SRC-3 drives CRPC formation and offer preclinical proof of concept for a transcriptional coactivator as a therapeutic target to abrogate CRPC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean C-Y Tien
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Guo S, Xu J, Xue R, Liu Y, Yu H. Overexpression of AIB1 correlates inversely with E-cadherin expression in pancreatic adenocarcinoma and may promote lymph node metastasis. Int J Clin Oncol 2013; 19:319-24. [PMID: 23542947 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-013-0549-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It was reported that the nuclear receptor coactivator amplified in breast cancer1 (AIB1) could regulate cancer cell invasion and migration in a nuclear receptor signaling-independent manner. Meanwhile, the process of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) is critical for tumor invasion and metastasis. The present study aimed to determine the role of AIB1 and EMT markers in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma. METHODS AIB1, ZO-1, E-cadherin, vimentin, and N-cadherin protein expression in 76 pancreatic adenocarcinomas were assessed using immunohistochemistry and analyzed for clinicopathological significance. RESULTS The frequency of AIB1 overexpression in pancreatic adenocarcinomas with lymph node metastasis is 68 % (19/28), which is significantly higher than in pancreatic adenocarcinomas without lymph node metastasis (42 %; 20/48). In addition, the frequency of low expression of E-cadherin in pancreatic carcinomas with lymph node metastasis (68 %; 19/28) was significantly higher than in tumors without lymph node metastasis (44 %; 21/48). Correlation analysis demonstrated that the overexpression of AIB1 was inversely correlated with low expression of E-cadherin in pancreatic adenocarcinomas. CONCLUSION Overexpression of AIB1 might promote invasion and metastasis of cancer cells and is associated with down-regulation of E-cadherin in pancreatic adenocarcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Guo
- Clinical Laboratory, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, 7 Wei Wu Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
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41
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AIB1 predicts bladder cancer outcome and promotes bladder cancer cell proliferation through AKT and E2F1. Br J Cancer 2013; 108:1470-9. [PMID: 23511556 PMCID: PMC3629431 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: We previously demonstrated that AIB1 overexpression is an independent molecular marker for shortened survival of bladder cancer (BC) patients. In this study, we characterised the role and molecular mechanisms of AIB1 in BC tumorigenicity. Methods: AIB1 expression was measured by immunohistochemistry in non-muscle-invasive BC tissue and adjacent normal bladder tissue. In addition, the tumorigenicity of AIB1 was assessed with in vitro and in vivo functional assays. Results: Overexpression of AIB1 was observed in tissues from 46 out of 146 patients with non-muscle-invasive BC and was an independent predictor for poor progression-free survival. Lentivirus-mediated AIB1 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo, whereas AIB1 overexpression promoted cell proliferation in vitro. The growth-inhibitory effect induced by AIB1 knockdown was mediated by G1 arrest, which was caused by reduced expression of key cell-cycle regulatory proteins through the AKT pathway and E2F1. Conclusion: Our results suggest that AIB1 promotes BC cell proliferation through the AKT pathway and E2F1. Furthermore, AIB1 overexpression predicts tumour progression in patients with non-muscle-invasive BC.
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Carretero J, Blanco EJ, Carretero M, Carretero-Hernández M, García-Barrado MJ, Iglesias-Osma MC, Burks DJ, Font de Mora J. The expression of AIB1 correlates with cellular proliferation in human prolactinomas. Ann Anat 2013; 195:253-9. [PMID: 23433587 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2013.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Estrogens as well as certain growth factors strongly influence the development and growth of prolactinomas. However, the molecular mechanisms by which extracellular factors trigger prolactinomas are not well known. Amplified in breast cancer 1 (AIB1), also known as steroid receptor co-activator 3 (SRC-3), belongs to the p160/SRC family of nuclear receptor co-activators and is a major co-activator of the estrogen receptor. Here, we report that the estrogen receptor coactivator AIB1 is overexpressed in human prolactinomas and correlates with the detection of aromatase and estrogen receptor α (ERα). Of the 87 pituitary tumors evaluated in women, 56%, corresponding to hyperoprolactinemic women, contained an enriched population of prolactin-positive cells and hence were further classified as prolactinomas. All prolactinomas stained positive for both ERα and AIB1. Moreover, AIB1 sub-cellular distribution was indicative of the cell-cycle status of tumors; the nuclear expression of AIB1 was correlated with proliferative markers whereas the cytoplasmic localization of AIB1 coincided with active caspase-3. Thus, our results demonstrate for the first time that AIB1 is expressed in prolactinomas and suggest its participation in the regulation of proliferation and apoptosis of tumoral cells. Because aromatase expression is also enhanced in these prolactinomas and it is involved in the local production of estradiol, both mechanisms, ER-AIB1 and aromatase could be related.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Carretero
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Spain.
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Chang AK, Wu H. The role of AIB1 in breast cancer. Oncol Lett 2012; 4:588-594. [PMID: 23226788 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2012.803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Amplified in breast cancer 1 (AIB1) is a member of the p160 steroid receptor coactivator family that mediates the transcriptional activities of nuclear receptors including estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR), as well as certain other transcription factors, including E2F1 and p53. AIB1 is widely implicated in nuclear receptor-mediated diseases, particularly malignant diseases, including breast, prostate, gastric and pancreatic cancers. AIB1 was initially implicated in hormone-dependent breast cancer, where increasing levels of AIB1 mRNA and protein were detected in some of these specimens and the overexpression of AIB1 in mice led to an increased incidence of tumors. More recent studies revealed that AIB1 also affects the growth of hormone-independent breast cancer via signaling pathways such as those of E2F1, IGF-I, EGF and PI3K/Akt/mTOR. The pleiotropic effect of AIB1 and the roles it plays in both normal development and cancer have presented a great challenge to formulating an effective therapeutic strategy for breast cancer. In this review, we highlight the significant progress made with the recent findings and present an overview of the current understanding of the influence of AIB1 on breast cancer via hormone-dependent and -independent signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan K Chang
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, P.R. China
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The nuclear cofactor RAC3/AIB1/SRC-3 enhances Nrf2 signaling by interacting with transactivation domains. Oncogene 2012; 32:514-27. [PMID: 22370642 PMCID: PMC3538952 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2, NM 006164, 605 AA) is essential for the antioxidant responsive element (ARE)-mediated expression of a group of detoxifying antioxidant genes that detoxify carcinogens and protect against oxidative stress. Several proteins have been identified as Nrf2-interacting molecules. In this study, we found that the overexpression of receptor-associated coactivator 3 (RAC3)/AIB-1/steroid receptor coactivator-3, a nuclear coregulator and oncogene frequently amplified in human breast cancers, induced heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) through Nrf2 transactivation in HeLa cells. Next, we determined the interaction between RAC3 and Nrf2 proteins using a co-immunoprecipitation assay and fluorescence resonance energy transfer analysis. The results showed that RAC3 bound directly to the Nrf2 protein in the nucleus. Subsequently, we identified the interacting domains of Nrf2 and RAC3 using a glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay. The results showed that both the N-terminal RAC3-pasB and C-terminal RAC3-R3B3 domains were tightly bound to the Neh4 and Neh5 transactivation domains. Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation showed that RAC3 bound tightly to the ARE enhancer region of the HO-1 promoter via Nrf2 binding. These data suggest that Nrf2 activation is modulated and directly controlled through interactions with the RAC3 protein in HeLa cells.
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Dasgupta S, Srinidhi S, Vishwanatha JK. Oncogenic activation in prostate cancer progression and metastasis: Molecular insights and future challenges. J Carcinog 2012; 11:4. [PMID: 22438770 PMCID: PMC3307249 DOI: 10.4103/1477-3163.93001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a leading cause of death among men in the United States, and currently early diagnosis and appropriate treatment remain key approaches for patient care. Molecularly prostate cancer cells carry multiple perturbations that generate malignant phenotype capable of uncontrolled growth, survival, and invasion-metastasis to other organs. These alterations are acquired both by genetic and epigenetic changes in tumor cells resulting in the activation of growth factor receptors, signaling proteins, kinases, transcription factors and coregulators, and multiple proteases required for the progression of the disease. Recent advances provide novel insights into the molecular functions of these oncogenic activators, implicating potential therapeutic targeting opportunities for the treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhamoy Dasgupta
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, and Institute for Cancer Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
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Song JM, Lu M, Liu FF, Du XJ, Xing BC. AIB1 as an independent prognostic marker in hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatic resection. J Gastrointest Surg 2012; 16:356-60. [PMID: 22052107 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-011-1762-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2011] [Accepted: 10/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amplified in breast cancer 1 (AIB1) has been shown to promote growth and invasion in several types of human cancers and to have a prognostic role in some of cancers. However, its prognostic significance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unknown. This study aimed to address the issue. METHODS Immunohistochemical staining of AIB1 was performed for HCC and paired paratumorous liver (PTL) tissues from 139 patients. Associations between AIB1 expression with clinicopathological variables and patient survival were evaluated. RESULTS The expression rate of AIB1 was significantly higher in HCC (71/139, 51.1%) than in PTL tissues (1/139, 0.72%, P < 0.001). AIB1 expression in HCC was significantly associated with serum α-fetoprotein levels (P = 0.001) and Edmondson-Steiner grade (P = 0.038). Higher AIB1 expression in HCC was associated with shorter cumulative overall survival of the patients. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that AIB1 was of independent prognostic significance for HCC. CONCLUSIONS AIB1 is independently associated with poor prognosis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Min Song
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Hepatic, Biliary, and Pancreatic Surgery Unit I, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fu Cheng Road, Beijing, 100142, China
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Johnson AB, O'Malley BW. Steroid receptor coactivators 1, 2, and 3: critical regulators of nuclear receptor activity and steroid receptor modulator (SRM)-based cancer therapy. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 348:430-9. [PMID: 21664237 PMCID: PMC3202666 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2011] [Revised: 04/04/2011] [Accepted: 04/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Coactivators are a diverse group of non-DNA binding proteins that induce structural changes in agonist-bound nuclear receptors (NRs) that are essential for NR-mediated transcriptional activation. Once bound, coactivators function to bridge enhancer binding proteins to the general transcription machinery, as well as to recruit secondary coactivators that modify promoter and enhancer chromatin in a manner permissive for transcriptional activation. In the following review article, we focus on one of the most in-depth studied families of coactivators, the steroid receptor coactivators (SRC) 1, 2, and 3. SRCs are widely implicated in NR-mediated diseases, especially in cancers, with the majority of studies focused on their roles in breast cancer. We highlight the relevant literature supporting the oncogenic activity of SRCs and their future as diagnostic and prognostic indicators. With much interest in the development of selective receptor modulators (SRMs), we focus on how these coactivators regulate the interactions between SRMs and their respective NRs; and, importantly, the influence that coactivators have on the functional output of SRMs. Furthermore, we speculate that coactivator-specific inhibitors could provide powerful, all-encompassing treatments that target multiple modes of oncogenic regulation in cancers resistant to typical anti-endocrine treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber B Johnson
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States
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Androgen receptor co-activators in the regulation of cellular events in prostate cancer. World J Urol 2011; 30:297-302. [PMID: 22105110 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-011-0797-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Androgen receptor (AR) action in benign and malignant tissue is potentiated by a number of co-regulatory proteins that may interact with one or more receptor domains. With improvement of research methodologies, it became possible to detect a number of co-activators whose expression is increased in prostate cancer tissue. METHODS Manuscripts describing prostate cancer-relevant regulation of cellular events by co-activators are selected and summarized. RESULTS AR co-activators may regulate histone modification, proteasomal degradation, chaperones, sumoylation, chromatin remodeling, and cytoskeleton. Some of them (TIF-2) are up-regulated by androgens, whereas the expression of others increases during androgen ablation (p300, CBP, and Tip60). Most co-factors are important for the stimulation of cellular proliferation, although in some cases (ART-27), they act as tumor suppressors and are deleted in prostate cancer tissue. In addition to stimulating AR, some co-activators suppress apoptosis in prostate cancer cells that do not express the AR (p300 and SRC-3). It was recently shown that the inhibition of p300 slows down proliferation, stimulates apoptosis, and inhibits migration and invasion. CONCLUSIONS Co-factors whose down-regulation results in the alterations of multiple cellular functions may be valid targets for novel therapies in advanced prostate cancer.
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Wang Y, Lonard DM, Yu Y, Chow DC, Palzkill TG, O'Malley BW. Small molecule inhibition of the steroid receptor coactivators, SRC-3 and SRC-1. Mol Endocrinol 2011; 25:2041-53. [PMID: 22053001 DOI: 10.1210/me.2011-1222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of steroid receptor coactivator (SRC)-1 and SRC-3 is associated with cancer initiation, metastasis, advanced disease, and resistance to chemotherapy. In most of these cases, SRC-1 and SRC-3 have been shown to promote tumor cell growth by activating nuclear receptor and multiple growth factor signaling cascades that lead to uncontrolled tumor cell growth. Up until now, most targeted chemotherapeutic drugs have been designed largely to block a single pathway at a time, but cancers frequently acquire resistance by switching to alternative growth factor pathways. We reason that the development of chemotherapeutic agents against SRC coactivators that sit at the nexus of multiple cell growth signaling networks and transcriptional factors should be particularly effective therapeutics. To substantiate this hypothesis, we report the discovery of 2,2'-bis-(Formyl-1,6,7-trihydroxy-5-isopropyl-3-methylnaphthalene (gossypol) as a small molecule inhibitor of coactivator SRC-1 and SRC-3. Our data indicate that gossypol binds directly to SRC-3 in its receptor interacting domain. In MCF-7 breast cancer cells, gossypol selectively reduces the cellular protein concentrations of SRC-1 and SRC-3 without generally altering overall protein expression patterns, SRC-2, or other coactivators, such as p300 and coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1. Gossypol reduces the concentration of SRC-3 in prostate, lung, and liver cancer cell lines. Gossypol inhibits cell viability in the same cancer cell lines where it promotes SRC-3 down-regulation. Additionally, gossypol sensitizes lung and breast cancer cell lines to the inhibitory effects of other chemotherapeutic agents. Importantly, gossypol is selectively cytotoxic to cancer cells, whereas normal cell viability is not affected. This data establish the proof-of-principle that, as a class, SRC-1 and SRC-3 coactivators are accessible chemotherapeutic targets. Given their function as integrators of multiple cell growth signaling systems, SRC-1/SRC-3 small molecule inhibitors comprise a new class of drugs that have potential as novel chemotherapeutics able to defeat aspects of acquired cancer cell resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Lonergan PE, Tindall DJ. Androgen receptor signaling in prostate cancer development and progression. J Carcinog 2011; 10:20. [PMID: 21886458 PMCID: PMC3162670 DOI: 10.4103/1477-3163.83937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) signaling axis plays a critical role in the development, function and homeostasis of the prostate. The classical action of AR is to regulate gene transcriptional processes via AR nuclear translocation, binding to androgen response elements on target genes and recruitment of, or crosstalk with, transcription factors. Prostate cancer initiation and progression is also uniquely dependent on AR. Androgen deprivation therapy remains the standard of care for treatment of advanced prostate cancer. Despite an initial favorable response, almost all patients invariably progress to a more aggressive, castrate-resistant phenotype. Considerable evidence now supports the concept that development of castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is causally related to continued transactivation of AR. Understanding the critical events and complexities of AR signaling in the progression to CRPC is essential in developing successful future therapies. This review provides a synopsis of AR structure and signaling in prostate cancer progression, with a special focus on recent findings on the role of AR in CRPC. Clinical implications of these findings and potential directions for future research are also outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter E Lonergan
- Department of Urology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
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