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Chen Y, Cai F, Cao J, Gao F, Lv Y, Tang Y, Zhang A, Yan W, Wang Y, Hu X, Chen S, Dong X, Zhang J, Wu Q. Analysis of Related Factors of Tumor Recurrence or Progression After Transnasal Sphenoidal Surgical Treatment of Large and Giant Pituitary Adenomas and Establish a Nomogram to Predict Tumor Prognosis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:793337. [PMID: 34970226 PMCID: PMC8713699 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.793337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pituitary adenoma (PA) is a benign neuroendocrine tumor caused by adenohypophysial cells, and accounts for 10%-20% of all primary intracranial tumors. The surgical outcomes and prognosis of giant pituitary adenomas measuring ≥3 cm in diameter differ significantly due to the influence of multiple factors such as tumor morphology, invasion site, pathological characteristics and so on. The aim of this study was to explore the risk factors related to the recurrence or progression of giant and large PAs after transnasal sphenoidal surgery, and develop a predictive model for tumor prognosis. METHODS The clinical and follow-up data of 172 patients with large or giant PA who underwent sphenoidal surgery at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine from January 2011 to December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. The basic clinical information (age, gender, past medical history etc.), imaging features (tumor size, invasion characteristics, extent of resection etc.), and histopathological characteristics (pathological results, Ki-67, P53 etc.) were retrieved. SPSS 21.0 software was used for statistical analysis, and the R software was used to establish the predictive nomogram. RESULTS Seventy out of the 172 examined cases (40.7%) had tumor recurrence or progression. The overall progress free survival (PFS) rates of the patients at 1, 3 and 5 years after surgery were 90.70%, 79.65% and 59.30% respectively. Log-rank test indicated that BMI (P < 0.001), Knosp classification (P < 0.001), extent of resection (P < 0.001), Ki-67 (P < 0.001), sphenoidal sinus invasion (P = 0.001), Hardy classification (P = 0.003) and smoking history (P = 0.018) were significantly associated with post-surgery recurrence or progression. Cox regression analysis further indicated that smoking history, BMI ≥25 kg/m2, Knosp classification grade 4, partial resection and ≥3% Ki-67 positive rate were independent risk factors of tumor recurrence or progression (P < 0.05). In addition, the nomogram and ROC curve based on the above results indicated significant clinical value. CONCLUSION The postoperative recurrence or progression of large and giant PAs is related to multiple factors and a prognostic nomogram based on BMI (≥25 kg/m2), Knosp classification (grade 4), extent of resection (partial resection) and Ki-67 (≥3%) can predict the recurrence or progression of large and giant PAs after transnasal sphenoidal surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yike Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Cao
- Department of Statistical Office, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yao Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Quzhou People’s Hospital of Wenzhou University, Quzhou, China
| | - Yajuan Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Anke Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongjie Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinben Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qun Wu, ; Jianmin Zhang,
| | - Qun Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qun Wu, ; Jianmin Zhang,
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Oliva CR, Halloran B, Hjelmeland AB, Vazquez A, Bailey SM, Sarkaria JN, Griguer CE. IGFBP6 controls the expansion of chemoresistant glioblastoma through paracrine IGF2/IGF-1R signaling. Cell Commun Signal 2018; 16:61. [PMID: 30231881 PMCID: PMC6148802 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-018-0273-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastomas (GBMs), the most common and most lethal of the primary brain tumors, are characterized by marked intra-tumor heterogeneity. Several studies have suggested that within these tumors a restricted population of chemoresistant glioma cells is responsible for recurrence. However, the gene expression patterns underlying chemoresistance are largely unknown. Numerous efforts have been made to block IGF-1R signaling pathway in GBM. However, those therapies have been repeatedly unsuccessful. This failure may not only be due to the complexity of IGF receptor signaling, but also due to complex cell-cell interactions in the tumor mass. We hypothesized that differential expression of proteins in the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system underlie cell-specific differences in the resistance to temozolomide (TMZ) within GBM tumors. METHODS Expression of IGF-1R was analyzed in cell lines, patient-derived xenograft cell lines and human biopsies by cell surface proteomics, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence and quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Using gain-of-function and loss-of-function strategies, we dissected the molecular mechanism responsible for IGF-binding protein 6 (IGFBP6) tumor suppressor functions both in in vitro and in vivo. Site direct mutagenesis was used to study IGFBP6-IGF2 interactions. RESULTS We determined that in human glioma tissue, glioma cell lines, and patient-derived xenograft cell lines, treatment with TMZ enhances the expression of IGF1 receptor (IGF-1R) and IGF2 and decreases the expression of IGFBP6, which sequesters IGF2. Using chemoresistant and chemosensitive wild-type and transgenic glioma cells, we further found that a paracrine mechanism driven by IGFBP6 secreted from TMZ-sensitive cells abrogates the proliferation of IGF-1R-expressing TMZ-resistant cells in vitro and in vivo. In mice bearing intracranial human glioma xenografts, overexpression of IGFBP6 in TMZ-resistant cells increased survival. Finally, elevated expression of IGF-1R and IGF2 in gliomas associated with poor patient survival and tumor expression levels of IGFBP6 directly correlated with overall survival time in patients with GBM. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the view that proliferation of chemoresistant tumor cells is controlled within the tumor mass by IGFBP6-producing tumor cells; however, TMZ treatment eliminates this population and enriches the TMZ-resistant cell populationleading to accelerated growth of the entire tumor mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia R. Oliva
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
- Free Radical & Radiation Biology Program, 4210 Medical Education and Biomedical Research Facility (MERF), The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242-1181 USA
| | - Brian Halloran
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA
| | - Anita B. Hjelmeland
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA
| | - Ana Vazquez
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823 USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823 USA
| | - Shannon M. Bailey
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA
| | - Jann N. Sarkaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902 USA
| | - Corinne E. Griguer
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE To review published data on pegvisomant and its therapeutic role in acromegaly. METHODS Electronic searches of the published literature were conducted using the keywords: acromegaly, growth hormone (GH) receptor (antagonist), pegvisomant, therapy. Relevant articles (n = 141) were retrieved and considered for inclusion in this manuscript. RESULTS Pegvisomant is a genetically engineered, recombinant growth hormone receptor antagonist, which is effective in normalizing serum insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels in the majority of patients with acromegaly and ameliorating symptoms and signs associated with GH excess. Pegvisomant does not have direct antiproliferative effects on the underlying somatotroph pituitary adenoma, which is the etiology of GH excess in the vast majority of patients with acromegaly. Therefore, patients receiving pegvisomant monotherapy require regular pituitary imaging in order to monitor for possible increase in tumor size. Adverse events in patients on pegvisomant therapy include skin rashes, lipohypertrophy at injection sites, and idiosyncratic liver toxicity (generally asymptomatic transaminitis that is reversible upon drug discontinuation), thus necessitating regular patient monitoring. CONCLUSIONS Pegvisomant is an effective therapeutic agent in patients with acromegaly who are not in remission after undergoing pituitary surgery. It mitigates excess GH action, as demonstrated by IGF-1 normalization, but has no direct effects on pituitary tumors causing acromegaly. Regular surveillance for possible tumor growth and adverse effects (hepatotoxicity, skin manifestations) is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Tritos
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Zero Emerson Place # 112, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Beverly M K Biller
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Zero Emerson Place # 112, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Long-term safety of growth hormone replacement therapy after childhood medulloblastoma and PNET: it is time to set aside old concerns. J Neurooncol 2016; 131:349-357. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-016-2306-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Sergentanis TN, Tsivgoulis G, Perlepe C, Ntanasis-Stathopoulos I, Tzanninis IG, Sergentanis IN, Psaltopoulou T. Obesity and Risk for Brain/CNS Tumors, Gliomas and Meningiomas: A Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136974. [PMID: 26332834 PMCID: PMC4558052 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This meta-analysis aims to examine the association between being overweight/obese and risk of meningiomas and gliomas as well as overall brain/central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Study Design Potentially eligible publications were sought in PubMed up to June 30, 2014. Random-effects meta-analysis and dose-response meta-regression analysis was conducted. Cochran Q statistic, I-squared and tau-squared were used for the assessment of between-study heterogeneity. The analysis was performed using Stata/SE version 13 statistical software. Results A total of 22 studies were eligible, namely 14 cohort studies (10,219 incident brain/CNS tumor cases, 1,319 meningioma and 2,418 glioma cases in a total cohort size of 10,143,803 subjects) and eight case-control studies (1,009 brain/CNS cases, 1,977 meningioma cases, 1,265 glioma cases and 8,316 controls). In females, overweight status/obesity was associated with increased risk for overall brain/CNS tumors (pooled RR = 1.12, 95%CI: 1.03–1.21, 10 study arms), meningiomas (pooled RR = 1.27, 95%CI: 1.13–1.43, 16 study arms) and gliomas (pooled RR = 1.17, 95%CI: 1.03–1.32, six arms). Obese (BMI>30 kg/m2) females seemed particularly aggravated in terms of brain/CNS tumor (pooled RR = 1.19, 95%CI: 1.05–1.36, six study arms) and meningioma risk (pooled RR = 1.48, 95%CI: 1.28–1.71, seven arms). In males, overweight/obesity status correlated with increased meningioma risk (pooled RR = 1.58, 95%CI: 1.22–2.04, nine study arms), whereas the respective association with overall brain/CNS tumor or glioma risk was not statistically significant. Dose-response meta-regression analysis further validated the findings. Conclusion Our findings highlight obesity as a risk factor for overall brain/CNS tumors, meningiomas and gliomas among females, as well as for meningiomas among males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodoros N. Sergentanis
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Tsivgoulis
- Second Department of Neurology, “Attikon” University Hospital, Medical School, National University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Perlepe
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Ntanasis-Stathopoulos
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis-Georgios Tzanninis
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Theodora Psaltopoulou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- * E-mail:
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Lea RW, Dawson T, Martinez-Moreno CG, El-Abry N, Harvey S. Growth hormone and cancer: GH production and action in glioma? Gen Comp Endocrinol 2015; 220:119-23. [PMID: 26163024 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The hypersecretion of pituitary growth hormone (GH) is associated with an increased risk of cancer, while reducing pituitary GH signaling reduces this risk. Roles for pituitary GH in cancer are therefore well established. The expression of the GH gene is, however, not confined to the pituitary gland and it is now known to occur in many extrapituitary tissues, in which it has local autocrine or paracrine actions, rather than endocrine function. It is, for instance, expressed in cancers of the prostate, lung, skin, endometrium and colon. The oncogenicity of autocrine GH may also be greater than that induced by endocrine or exogenous GH, as higher concentrations of GHR antagonists are required to inhibit its actions. This may reflect the fact that autocrine GH is thought to act at intracellular receptors directly after synthesis, in compartments not readily accessible to endocrine (or exogenous) GH. The roles and actions of extrapituitary GH in cancer may therefore differ from those of pituitary GH. The possibility that GH may be expressed and act in glioma tumors was therefore examined by immunohistochemistry. These results demonstrate, for the first time, the presence of abundant GH- and GH receptor (GHR-) immunoreactivity in glioma, in which they were co-localized in cytoplasmic but not nuclear compartments. These results demonstrate that glioma differs from most cancers in lacking nuclear GHRs, but GH is nevertheless likely to have autocrine or paracrine actions in the induction and progression of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Lea
- Brain Tumour North West, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK.
| | | | | | - Nasra El-Abry
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Steve Harvey
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2H7, Canada
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Maris C, D'Haene N, Trépant AL, Le Mercier M, Sauvage S, Allard J, Rorive S, Demetter P, Decaestecker C, Salmon I. IGF-IR: a new prognostic biomarker for human glioblastoma. Br J Cancer 2015; 113:729-37. [PMID: 26291053 PMCID: PMC4559821 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Glioblastomas (GBMs) are the most common malignant primary brain tumours in adults and are refractory to conventional therapy, including surgical resection, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system is a complex network that includes ligands (IGFI and IGFII), receptors (IGF-IR and IGF-IIR) and high-affinity binding proteins (IGFBP-1 to IGFBP-6). Many studies have reported a role for the IGF system in the regulation of tumour cell biology. However, the role of this system remains unclear in GBMs. Methods: We investigate the prognostic value of both the IGF ligands' and receptors' expression in a cohort of human GBMs. Tissue microarray and image analysis were conducted to quantitatively analyse the immunohistochemical expression of these proteins in 218 human GBMs. Results: Both IGF-IR and IGF-IIR were overexpressed in GBMs compared with normal brain (P<10−4 and P=0.002, respectively). Moreover, with regard to standard clinical factors, IGF-IR positivity was identified as an independent prognostic factor associated with shorter survival (P=0.016) and was associated with a less favourable response to temozolomide. Conclusions: This study suggests that IGF-IR could be an interesting target for GBM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Maris
- Department of Pathology, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels 1070, Belgium
| | - N D'Haene
- Department of Pathology, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels 1070, Belgium
| | - A-L Trépant
- Department of Pathology, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels 1070, Belgium
| | - M Le Mercier
- Department of Pathology, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels 1070, Belgium
| | - S Sauvage
- DIAPath, Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging (CMMI), Académie Universitaire Wallonie-Bruxelles, Gosselies 6041, Belgium
| | - J Allard
- Department of Pathology, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels 1070, Belgium
| | - S Rorive
- Department of Pathology, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels 1070, Belgium.,DIAPath, Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging (CMMI), Académie Universitaire Wallonie-Bruxelles, Gosselies 6041, Belgium
| | - P Demetter
- Department of Pathology, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels 1070, Belgium
| | - C Decaestecker
- DIAPath, Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging (CMMI), Académie Universitaire Wallonie-Bruxelles, Gosselies 6041, Belgium.,Laboratories of Image, Signal processing and Acoustics (LISA), Brussels School of Engineering/Ecole Polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - I Salmon
- Department of Pathology, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels 1070, Belgium.,DIAPath, Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging (CMMI), Académie Universitaire Wallonie-Bruxelles, Gosselies 6041, Belgium
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Zamykal M, Martens T, Matschke J, Günther HS, Kathagen A, Schulte A, Peters R, Westphal M, Lamszus K. Inhibition of intracerebral glioblastoma growth by targeting the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor involves different context-dependent mechanisms. Neuro Oncol 2014; 17:1076-85. [PMID: 25543125 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Signaling by insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) can contribute to the formation and progression of many diverse tumor types, including glioblastoma. We investigated the effect of the IGF-1R blocking antibody IMC-A12 on glioblastoma growth in different in vivo models. METHODS U87 cells were chosen to establish rapidly growing, angiogenesis-dependent tumors in the brains of nude mice, and the GS-12 cell line was used to generate highly invasive tumors. IMC-A12 was administered using convection-enhanced local delivery. Tumor parameters were quantified histologically, and the functional relevance of IGF-1R activation was analyzed in vitro. RESULTS IMC-A12 treatment inhibited the growth of U87 and GS-12 tumors by 75% and 50%, respectively. In GS-12 tumors, the invasive tumor extension and proliferation rate were significantly reduced by IMC-A12 treatment, while apoptosis was increased. In IMC-A12-treated U87 tumors, intratumoral vascularization was markedly decreased, and tumor cell proliferation was moderately reduced. Flow cytometry showed that <2% of U87 cells but >85% of GS-12 cells expressed IGF-1R. Activation of IGF-1R by IGF-1 and IGF-2 in GS-12 cells was blocked by IMC-A12. Both ligands stimulated GS-12 cell proliferation, and IGF-2 also stimulated migration. IMC-A12 inhibited these stimulatory effects and increased apoptosis. In U87 cells, stimulation with either ligand had no functional effect. CONCLUSIONS IGF-1R blockade can inhibit glioblastoma growth by different mechanisms, including direct effects on the tumor cells as well as indirect anti-angiogenic effects. Hence, blocking IGF-1R may be useful to target both the highly proliferative, angiogenesis-dependent glioblastoma core component as well as the infiltrative periphery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Zamykal
- Department of Neurosurgery (M.Z., T.M., H.S.G., A.K., A.S., R.P., M.W., K.L.) and Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (J.M.)
| | - Tobias Martens
- Department of Neurosurgery (M.Z., T.M., H.S.G., A.K., A.S., R.P., M.W., K.L.) and Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (J.M.)
| | - Jakob Matschke
- Department of Neurosurgery (M.Z., T.M., H.S.G., A.K., A.S., R.P., M.W., K.L.) and Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (J.M.)
| | - Hauke S Günther
- Department of Neurosurgery (M.Z., T.M., H.S.G., A.K., A.S., R.P., M.W., K.L.) and Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (J.M.)
| | - Annegret Kathagen
- Department of Neurosurgery (M.Z., T.M., H.S.G., A.K., A.S., R.P., M.W., K.L.) and Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (J.M.)
| | - Alexander Schulte
- Department of Neurosurgery (M.Z., T.M., H.S.G., A.K., A.S., R.P., M.W., K.L.) and Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (J.M.)
| | - Regina Peters
- Department of Neurosurgery (M.Z., T.M., H.S.G., A.K., A.S., R.P., M.W., K.L.) and Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (J.M.)
| | - Manfred Westphal
- Department of Neurosurgery (M.Z., T.M., H.S.G., A.K., A.S., R.P., M.W., K.L.) and Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (J.M.)
| | - Katrin Lamszus
- Department of Neurosurgery (M.Z., T.M., H.S.G., A.K., A.S., R.P., M.W., K.L.) and Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (J.M.)
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Porcile C, Di Zazzo E, Monaco ML, D'Angelo G, Passarella D, Russo C, Di Costanzo A, Pattarozzi A, Gatti M, Bajetto A, Zona G, Barbieri F, Oriani G, Moncharmont B, Florio T, Daniele A. Adiponectin as novel regulator of cell proliferation in human glioblastoma. J Cell Physiol 2014; 229:1444-54. [PMID: 24648185 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Adiponectin (Acrp30) is an adipocyte-secreted hormone with pleiotropic metabolic effects, whose reduced levels were related to development and progression of several malignancies. We looked at the presence of Acrp30 receptors in human glioblastomas (GBM), hypothesizing a role for Acrp30 also in this untreatable cancer. Here we demonstrate that human GBM express Acrp30 receptors (AdipoR1 and AdipoR2), which are often co-expressed in GBM samples (70% of the analyzed tumors). To investigate the effects of Acrp30 on GBM growth, we used human GBM cell lines U87-MG and U251, expressing both AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 receptors. In these cells, Acrp30 treatment inhibits DNA synthesis and cell proliferation rate, inducing arrest in G1 phase of the cell cycle. These effects were correlated to a sustained activation of ERK1/2 and Akt kinases, upon Acrp30 treatment. Our results suggest that Acrp30 may represent a novel endogenous negative regulator of GBM cell proliferation, to be evaluated for the possible development of novel pharmacological approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola Porcile
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
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Patterson BC, Chen Y, Sklar CA, Neglia J, Yasui Y, Mertens A, Armstrong GT, Meadows A, Stovall M, Robison LL, Meacham LR. Growth hormone exposure as a risk factor for the development of subsequent neoplasms of the central nervous system: a report from the childhood cancer survivor study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:2030-7. [PMID: 24606096 PMCID: PMC4037726 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-4159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Cranial radiation therapy (CRT) predisposes to GH deficiency and subsequent neoplasms (SNs) of the central nervous system (CNS). Increased rates of SNs have been reported in GH-treated survivors. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to evaluate the association between GH treatment and the development of CNS-SNs. DESIGN The study was designed with a retrospective cohort with longitudinal follow-up. SETTING The setting of the study was multiinstitutional. PARTICIPANTS A total of 12 098 5-year pediatric cancer survivors from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study, diagnosed with cancer prior to age 21 years, of whom 338 self-reported GH treatment, which was verified through medical record review. INTERVENTIONS INTERVENTIONS included subject surveys, medical records abstraction, and pathological review. OUTCOME MEASURES Incidence of meningioma, glioma, and other CNS-SNs was measured. RESULTS Among GH-treated survivors, 16 (4.7%) developed CNS-SN, including 10 with meningioma and six with glioma. Two hundred three survivors without GH treatment (1.7%) developed CNS-SN, including 138 with meningioma, 49 with glioma, and 16 with other CNS-SNs. The adjusted rate ratio in GH-treated compared with untreated survivors for development of any CNS-SN was 1.0 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.6-1.8, P = .94], for meningiomas, 0.8 (95% CI 0.4-1.7, P = .61), and for gliomas, 1.9 (95% CI 0.7-4.8, P = .21). Factors associated with meningioma development included female gender (P = .001), younger age at primary cancer diagnosis (P < .001), and CRT/longer time since CRT (P < .001). Glioma was associated with CRT/shorter time since CRT (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS There was no statistically significant increased overall risk of the occurrence of a CNS-SN associated with GH exposure. Specifically, occurrence of meningiomas and gliomas were not associated with GH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana C Patterson
- Department of Pediatrics (B.C.P., A.Mer., L.R.M.) Emory University/Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia 30322; Department of Public Health Sciences (Y.C., Y.Y.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 1C9; Department of Pediatrics (C.A.S.), Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065; Department of Pediatrics (J.N.), University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55454; Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control (G.T.A., L.L.R.), St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105; Division of Oncology (A.Mea.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; and Department of Radiation Physics (M.S.), The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
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11
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Kopchick JJ, List EO, Kelder B, Gosney ES, Berryman DE. Evaluation of growth hormone (GH) action in mice: discovery of GH receptor antagonists and clinical indications. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 386:34-45. [PMID: 24035867 PMCID: PMC3943600 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of a growth hormone receptor antagonist (GHA) was initially established via expression of mutated GH genes in transgenic mice. Following this discovery, development of the compound resulted in a drug termed pegvisomant, which has been approved for use in patients with acromegaly. Pegvisomant treatment in a dose dependent manner results in normalization of IGF-1 levels in most patients. Thus, it is a very efficacious and safe drug. Since the GH/IGF-1 axis has been implicated in the progression of several types of cancers, many have suggested the use of pegvisomant as an anti-cancer therapeutic. In this manuscript, we will review the use of mouse strains that possess elevated or depressed levels of GH action for unraveling many of GH actions. Additionally, we will describe experiments in which the GHA was discovered, review results of pegvisomant's preclinical and clinical trials, and provide data suggesting pegvisomant's therapeutic value in selected types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Kopchick
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, United States; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, United States.
| | - Edward O List
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, United States; Department of Specialty Medicine, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, United States
| | - Bruce Kelder
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, United States
| | - Elahu S Gosney
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, United States
| | - Darlene E Berryman
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, United States; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, United States; School of Applied Health Sciences and Wellness, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, United States
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12
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Zhang Y, Chen X, Lian H, Liu J, Zhou B, Han S, Peng B, Yin J, Liu W, He X. MicroRNA-503 acts as a tumor suppressor in glioblastoma for multiple antitumor effects by targeting IGF-1R. Oncol Rep 2013; 31:1445-52. [PMID: 24378652 PMCID: PMC4440219 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
microRNA (miRNA) dysregulation is associated with various types of human cancer by regulating cancer cell survival, proliferation and invasion. Aberrant expression of microRNA-503 (miR-503) has been reported in several cancer profiles. However, potential linkage of miR-503 levels and the underlying regulatory mechanisms in human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remain unclear. In the present study, we showed for the first time that the expression of miR-503 was significantly reduced in GBM tissues and cell lines (U251 and U87MG) relative to normal brain tissues. Furthermore, our results demonstrated that overexpression of miR-503 in GBM cell lines not only suppressed cell proliferation through inducing G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, but also inhibited cancer cell migration and tumor invasion. In addition, we identified insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1R) receptor mRNA is a bona fide target of miR-503 by computational analysis followed by luciferase reporter assays. Of note, upregulation of miR-503 in GBM cells suppressed endogenous IGF-1R protein expression. Further mechanistic analysis revealed that forced expression of miR-503 inhibited AKT activation, suggesting the tumor suppressive effect of miR-503 in GBM cells is partially mediated by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT signaling. Taken together, the results of the present study demonstrated that miR-503 is a tumor suppressor for GBM and a favorable factor against glioma progression through targeting IGF-1R, thus providing a new evidence-supported prognostic marker for GBM diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhang
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Xiong Chen
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Haiwei Lian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Jianmiao Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P.R. China
| | - Beiyan Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Song Han
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Biwen Peng
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Jun Yin
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Wanhong Liu
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohua He
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
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13
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Erdreich-Epstein A, Robison N, Ren X, Zhou H, Xu J, Davidson TB, Schur M, Gilles FH, Ji L, Malvar J, Shackleford GM, Margol AS, Krieger MD, Judkins AR, Jones DTW, Pfister SM, Kool M, Sposto R, Asgharzadeh S, Asgharazadeh S. PID1 (NYGGF4), a new growth-inhibitory gene in embryonal brain tumors and gliomas. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 20:827-36. [PMID: 24300787 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-2053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We present here the first report of PID1 (Phosphotyrosine Interaction Domain containing 1; NYGGF4) in cancer. PID1 was identified in 2006 as a gene that modulates insulin signaling and mitochondrial function in adipocytes and muscle cells. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN AND RESULTS Using four independent medulloblastoma datasets, we show that mean PID1 mRNA levels were lower in unfavorable medulloblastomas (groups 3 and 4, and anaplastic histology) compared with favorable medulloblastomas (SHH and WNT groups, and desmoplastic/nodular histology) and with fetal cerebellum. In two large independent glioma datasets, PID1 mRNA was lower in glioblastomas (GBM), the most malignant gliomas, compared with other astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas and nontumor brains. Neural and proneural GBM subtypes had higher PID1 mRNA compared with classical and mesenchymal GBM. Importantly, overall survival and radiation-free progression-free survival were longer in medulloblastoma patients whose tumors had higher PID1 mRNA (univariate and multivariate analyses). Higher PID1 mRNA also correlated with longer overall survival in patients with glioma and GBM. In cell culture, overexpression of PID1 inhibited colony formation in medulloblastoma, atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (ATRT), and GBM cell lines. Increasing PID1 also increased cell death and apoptosis, inhibited proliferation, induced mitochondrial depolaization, and decreased serum-mediated phosphorylation of AKT and ERK in medulloblastoma, ATRT, and/or GBM cell lines, whereas siRNA to PID1 diminished mitochondrial depolarization. CONCLUSIONS These data are the first to link PID1 to cancer and suggest that PID1 may have a tumor inhibitory function in these pediatric and adult brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anat Erdreich-Epstein
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, Radiology, and Neurosurgery, at the Saban Research Institute at Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center; Departments of Preventive Medicine and Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Division of Pediatric Neurooncology at the German Cancer Research Center DKFZ; and Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
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14
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Pham MH, Zada G, Mosich GM, Chen TC, Giannotta SL, Wang K, Mack WJ. Molecular genetics of meningiomas: a systematic review of the current literature and potential basis for future treatment paradigms. Neurosurg Focus 2011; 30:E7. [PMID: 21529178 DOI: 10.3171/2011.2.focus1117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although a majority of meningiomas are benign neoplasms, those occurring at the cranial base may be challenging tumors to treat because of extensive tissue invasion, an inability to achieve gross-total microscopic resection, and local tumor recurrence and/or progression. A more comprehensive understanding of the genetic abnormalities associated with meningioma tumorigenesis, growth, and invasion may provide novel targets for grading assessments and individualizing molecular therapies for skull base meningiomas. The authors performed a review of the current literature to identify genes that have been associated with the formation and/or progression of meningiomas. Mutations in the NF2 gene have been most commonly implicated in the formation of the majority of meningiomas. Inactivation of other tumor suppressor genes, including DAL-1 and various tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases, upregulation of several oncogenes including c-sis and STAT3, and signaling dysregulation of pathways such as the Wnt pathway, have each been found to play important, and perhaps, complementary roles in meningioma development, progression, and recurrence. Identification of these genetic factors using genome-wide association studies and high-throughput genomics may provide data for future individualized treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin H Pham
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
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Jagannathan J, Oskouian RJ, Yeoh HK, Saulle D, Dumont AS. Molecular biology of unreresectable meningiomas: implications for new treatments and review of the literature. Skull Base 2011; 18:173-87. [PMID: 18978964 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1003925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Even though meningiomas are most often benign tumors, they can be locally invasive and can develop in locations that prevent surgical treatment. The molecular and biologic factors underlying meningioma development are only now beginning to be understood. Genetic factors such as mutations in the neurofibromatosis-2 gene and in chromosomes 1, 9, and 10 play important roles in meningioma development and may be responsible for atypical tumors in some cases. Cellular factors such as telomerase activation and tyrosine kinase receptor mutations may also play an important role. Finally, autocrine and paracrine factors including epidermal growth factor receptor, platelet-derived growth factor-1, and fibroblast growth factor have been implicated in the development of some tumors. Although the relationship between the various factors implicated in tumor development is unknown, understanding these factors will be critical in the treatment of malignant or surgically inaccessible tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Jagannathan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville, Virginia
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16
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Growth hormone production and action in N1E-115 neuroblastoma cells. J Mol Neurosci 2009; 39:117-24. [PMID: 19301152 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-009-9194-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2008] [Accepted: 03/06/2009] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma cells are undifferentiated cells derived from the neural crest and are commonly used as models for studying neural function. Mouse N1E-115 neuroblastoma cells are derived from cancerous tissue and provide a model for studying the oncogenesis of neural cells. As growth hormone (GH) has been implicated as an autocrine or paracrine involved in neural regulation and in the induction or progression of cancer, the possibility that N1E-115 cells are sites of GH production and GH action was assessed. Using RT-PCR, cultured N1E-115 cells were found to express the mouse GH and GH receptor (GHR) genes. Immunocytochemistry demonstrated that both of the translated proteins (GH and its receptor) were abundantly present in the cytoplasm of these cells and their co-localization was established by confocal cytochemistry. GH action in these cells was determined in cells cultured for 72 h in the presence or absence of 10(-6) M or 10(-9) M mouse GH, which induced neurite sprouting and increased axon growth. In summary, the expression of GH and its receptor in GH responsive tumor-derived N1E-115 neuroblastoma cells suggests they provide a useful experimental model to assess GH actions in neural function or neural oncogenesis.
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Fernandez A, Karavitaki N, Ansorge O, Fazal-Sanderson V, Wass JAH. Acromegaly and anaplastic astrocytoma: coincidence or pathophysiological relation? Pituitary 2008; 11:325-30. [PMID: 18000757 DOI: 10.1007/s11102-007-0074-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor type I (IGF-I) is an important promoter in the tumorigenesis of several extracranial and intracranial neoplasms. In astrocytic-cell tumors, the role of autocrine and paracrine IGF-I expression in enhancing tumoral progression is well established. However, the influence of systemic IGF-I levels on the clinical behavior of astrocytic neoplasms remains an open subject of research. We report the case of a 28-year-old man who presented simultaneously with acromegaly and an anaplastic astrocytoma, which had rapidly progressed from a low-grade astrocytoma. The coexistence of systemic IGF-I hypersecretion with a quick progression in the histopathological grade of the astrocytoma raises the compelling question of whether the clinical behavior of the astrocytic tumor was influenced by the acromegalic status. The role of IGF-I signaling in the pathogenesis of astrocytic-cell tumors and the experience with therapeutic strategies addressing this pathway in astrocytomas are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Fernandez
- Endocrinology Department, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, Old Road, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
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Levitt RJ, Georgescu MM, Pollak M. PTEN-induction in U251 glioma cells decreases the expression of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 336:1056-61. [PMID: 16154532 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.08.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2005] [Accepted: 08/16/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PTEN is a tumor suppressor gene whose loss of function is observed in approximately 40-50% of human cancers. Although insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2) was classically described as a growth inhibitor, multiple recent reports have shown an association of overexpression and/or high serum levels of IGFBP-2 with poor prognosis of several malignancies, including gliomas. Using an inducible PTEN expression system in the PTEN-null glioma cell line U251, we demonstrate that PTEN-induction is associated with reduced proliferation, increased apoptosis, and a substantial reduction of the high levels of IGFBP-2 expression. The PTEN-induced decrease in IGFBP-2 expression could be mimicked with the PI3-kinase inhibitor LY294002, indicating that the lipid phosphatase activity of PTEN is responsible for the observed effect. However, the rapamycin analog CCI-779 did not affect IGFBP-2 expression, suggesting that the PTEN-induced decrease in IGFBP-2 expression is not attributable to decreased mTOR signalling. Recombinant human IGFBP-2 was unable to rescue U251-PTEN cells from the antiproliferative effects of PTEN, and IGFBP-2 siRNA did not affect the IGF-dependent or -independent growth of this cell line. These results suggest that the clinical data linking IGFBP-2 expression to poor prognosis may arise, at least in part, because high levels of IGFBP-2 expression correlate with loss of function of PTEN, which is well known to lead to aggressive behavior of gliomas. Our results motivate translational research regarding the relationship between IGFBP-2 expression and loss of function of PTEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randy J Levitt
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Que., Canada
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Yin D, Tamaki N, Parent AD, Zhang JH. Insulin-like growth factor-I decreased etoposide-induced apoptosis in glioma cells by increasing bcl-2 expression and decreasing CPP32 activity. Neurol Res 2005; 27:27-35. [PMID: 15829155 DOI: 10.1179/016164105x18151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS In a variety of tumors, the susceptibility of the tumor cells to apoptotic cell death following chemotherapy is a major determinant of therapeutic outcome. Gliomas are resistant to most chemotherapeutic agents, and its mechanism is not known in detail. In an attempt to understand the mechanism of chemo-resistance, we investigated the roles of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), IGF-I receptors (IGF-IR), and their relationship with the apoptotic response of two glioma cell lines to etoposide, a chemotherapeutic agent for malignant gliomas. METHODS Two human glioma cell lines, U-87MG and KNS-42, were used. Etoposide-induced cell growth inhibition was quantified using a modified MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrasodium bromide), colorimetric assay. Hoechst 33258 staining, DNA fragmentation assay, and western blot were used for the evaluation of apoptosis. ApoAlert caspase assay was used for measuring the activity of caspase-3 (CPP32) and interleukin-1 beta -converting enzyme (ICE) protease. In addition, the effect of IGF-IR antisense was tested in U-87MG and KNS-42 glioma cell lines. RESULTS Etoposide inhibited the growth of U-87MG and KNS-42 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Etoposide increased the expression of wild-type p53, activated CPP32 (but not ICE) activity, and induced apoptosis in these cells. IGF-I prevented etoposide-induced apoptosis by increasing the expression of bcl-2 and decreasing the activity of CPP32. IGF-IR antisense enhanced the apoptotic effect of etoposide. CONCLUSIONS IGF-I decreased etoposide-induced apoptosis in glioma cells by increasing the expression of bcl-2 and decreasing the activity of CPP32. The antisense of IGF-IR increased etoposide-induced apoptosis. The anti-apoptotic effect of IGF-I and IGF-IR might be related to the chemo-resistance of glioma to chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dali Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
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21
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Dasgupta P. Somatostatin analogues: multiple roles in cellular proliferation, neoplasia, and angiogenesis. Pharmacol Ther 2004; 102:61-85. [PMID: 15056499 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2004.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the development of new blood vessels is a crucial process both for tumor growth and metastatic dissemination. Additionally, dysregulation in angiogenesis has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease, proliferative retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The neuropeptide somatostatin has been shown to be a powerful inhibitor of neovascularization in several experimental models. Furthermore, somatostatin receptors (sst) are expressed on endothelial cells; particularly, sst2 has been found to be uniquely up-regulated during the angiogenic switch, from quiescent to proliferative endothelium. The present manuscript reviews the anti-angiogenic activity of somatostatin and its analogues in neoplastic and nonneoplastic disease. The role of sst subtypes particularly sst2 in mediating its angioinhibitory activity is described. Somatostatin agonists may also exert their anti-angiogenic activity indirectly by inhibition of growth factors like vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and the growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) axis or through its immunomodulatory effects. However, the therapeutic utility of somatostatin agonists as anti-angiogenic drugs in these diseases remains confusing because of conflicting results from different studies. More basic research, as well as patient-oriented studies, is required to firmly establish the clinical potential of somatostatin agonists in therapeutic angiogenesis. The currently available somatostatin agonists have high affinity of sst2 with lower affinities for sst3 and sst5. The emergence of novel somatostatin agonists especially bispecific analogues (agonists targeting multiple cellular receptors) and conjugates (synthesized by chemically linking somatostatin analogues with other antineoplastic agents) with improved receptor specificity signify a new generation of anti-angiogenics, which may represent novel strategies in the treatment of neovascularization-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyali Dasgupta
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, University of South Florida, Room 2068A, MRC-2 East, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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