1
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Yin M, Wang J, Zhang X. Immune infiltration related circular RNA, circGLIS2, facilitated progression of endometriosis through miR-4731-5p/IL-1β axis. Int J Biol Macromol 2024:136318. [PMID: 39370077 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.136318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2024] [Revised: 09/22/2024] [Accepted: 10/03/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
Aberrantly expressed circRNAs affect various anti-tumour immune responses and immune cell regulation. However, the exact function of circGLIS2 on the pathogenesis of EMs remains unclear. In this study, we found that circGLIS2 was upregulated in EMs tissues and intimately related to clinicopathologic characteristics of EMs patients. Functionally, IHC and mouse model of EMs proved that circGLIS2 recruited immune cells infiltrated into ectopic endometrial microenvironment. RNA-seq, ELISA, RT-qPCR, and western blot results indicated that circGLIS2 influenced immune infiltration by regulating IL-1β. Besides, expression of circGLIS2 and IL-1β was also closely correlated in 284 human endometrium tissues. Mechanistically, RNA sequencing and interaction prediction established "circGLIS2-miR-4731-5p-IL-1β" network. RNA pull down, RIP, dual luciferase reporter assay and expression regulation analysis confirmed the interaction among "circGLIS2-miR-4731-5p-IL-1β" axis. In summary, our findings demonstrated that circGLIS2 facilitated EMs progression by increasing immune cell infiltration via miR-4731-5p/IL-1β axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meichen Yin
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Jianzhang Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China; Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Therapy for Major Gynecological Diseases, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Xinmei Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China; Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Therapy for Major Gynecological Diseases, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China.
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2
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Hacimoto SYS, Cressoni ACL, da Silva LECM, Padovan CC, Ferriani RA, Rosa-e-Silva JC, Meola J. Selection of reference miRNAs for RT-qPCR assays in endometriosis menstrual blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0306657. [PMID: 39078824 PMCID: PMC11288454 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0306657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Choosing appropriate reference genes or internal controls to normalize RT-qPCR data is mandatory for the interexperimental reproducibility of gene expression data obtained by RT-qPCR in most studies, including those on endometriosis. Particularly for miRNAs, the choice for reference genes is challenging because of their physicochemical and biological characteristics. Moreover, the retrograde menstruation theory, mesenchymal stem cells in menstrual blood (MenSCs), and changes in post-transcriptional regulatory processes through miRNAs have gained prominence in the scientific community as important players in endometriosis. Therefore, we originally explored the stability of 10 miRNAs expressions as internal control candidates in conditions involving the two-dimensional culture of MenSCs from healthy women and patients with endometriosis. Here, we applied multiple algorithms (geNorm, NormFinder, Bestkeeper, and delta Ct) to screen reference genes and assessed the comprehensive stability classification of miRNAs using RefFinder. Pairwise variation calculated using geNorm identified three miRNAs as a sufficient number of reference genes for accurate normalization. MiR-191-5p, miR-24-3p, and miR-103a-3p were the best combination for suitable gene expression normalization. This study will benefit similar research, but is also attractive for regenerative medicine and clinics that use MenSCs, miRNA expression, and RT-qPCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Yukari Santos Hacimoto
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics of Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Clara Lagazzi Cressoni
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics of Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Cristiana Carolina Padovan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics of Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rui Alberto Ferriani
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics of Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- National Institute of Hormones and Women’s Health (Hormona), CNPq, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Júlio César Rosa-e-Silva
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics of Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Meola
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics of Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- National Institute of Hormones and Women’s Health (Hormona), CNPq, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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3
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Banerjee S, Xu W, Doctor A, Driss A, Nezhat C, Sidell N, Taylor RN, Thompson WE, Chowdhury I. TNFα-Induced Altered miRNA Expression Links to NF-κB Signaling Pathway in Endometriosis. Inflammation 2023; 46:2055-2070. [PMID: 37389684 PMCID: PMC10673760 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-023-01862-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a common gynecological inflammatory disorder characterized by immune system dysregulation, which is involved in lesion initiation and progression. Studies have demonstrated that several cytokines are associated with the evolution of endometriosis, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα). TNFα is a non-glycosylated cytokine protein with potent inflammatory, cytotoxic, and angiogenic potential. In the current study, we examined the ability of TNFα to induce dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) linked to NFkB signaling pathways, thus contributing to the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Using RT-qPCR, the expression of several miRNAs was quantified in primary cells derived from eutopic endometrium of endometriosis subjects (EESC) and normal endometrial stromal cells (NESC), and also TNFα-treated NESCs. The phosphorylation of the pro-inflammatory molecule NF-κB and the candidates of the survival pathways PI3K, AKT, and ERK was measured by western blot analysis. The elevated secretion of TNFα in EESCs downregulates the expression level of several miRNAs significantly in EESCs compared to NESCs. Also, treatment of NESCs with exogenous TNFα significantly reduced the expression of miRNAs in a dose-dependent manner to levels similar to EESCs. In addition, TNFα significantly increased the phosphorylation of the PI3K, AKT, ERK, and NF-κB signaling pathways. Notably, treatment with curcumin (CUR, diferuloylmethane), an anti-inflammatory polyphenol, significantly increased the expression of dysregulated miRNAs in EESC in a dose-dependent manner. Our findings demonstrate that TNFα is upregulated in EESCs, which subsequently dysregulates the expression of miRNAs, contributing to the pathophysiology of endometriotic cells. CUR effectively inhibits the expression of TNFα, subsequently altering miRNA levels and suppressing the phosphorylation of AKT, ERK, and NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saswati Banerjee
- Department of Physiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Physiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA
| | - Aaron Doctor
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Drive Southwest, Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA
| | - Adel Driss
- Department of Physiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA
| | - Ceana Nezhat
- Nezhat Medical Center, 5555 Peachtree Dunwoody Road, Atlanta, GA, 30342, USA
| | - Neil Sidell
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Robert N Taylor
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Winston E Thompson
- Department of Physiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Drive Southwest, Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA
| | - Indrajit Chowdhury
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Drive Southwest, Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA.
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4
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Begum MIA, Chuan L, Hong ST, Chae HS. The Pathological Role of miRNAs in Endometriosis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3087. [PMID: 38002087 PMCID: PMC10669455 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11113087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Association studies investigating miRNA in relation to diseases have consistently shown significant alterations in miRNA expression, particularly within inflammatory pathways, where they regulate inflammatory cytokines, transcription factors (such as NF-κB, STAT3, HIF1α), and inflammatory proteins (including COX-2 and iNOS). Given that endometriosis (EMS) is characterized as an inflammatory disease, albeit one influenced by estrogen levels, it is natural to speculate about the connection between EMS and miRNA. Recent research has indeed confirmed alterations in the expression levels of numerous microRNAs (miRNAs) in both endometriotic lesions and the eutopic endometrium of women with EMS, when compared to healthy controls. The undeniable association of miRNAs with EMS hints at the emergence of a new era in the study of miRNA in the context of EMS. This article reviews the advancements made in understanding the pathological role of miRNA in EMS and its association with EMS-associated infertility. These findings contribute to the ongoing pursuit of developing miRNA-based therapeutics and diagnostic markers for EMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mst Ismat Ara Begum
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Medical Science, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea; (M.I.A.B.); (L.C.)
| | - Lin Chuan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Medical Science, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea; (M.I.A.B.); (L.C.)
| | - Seong-Tshool Hong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Medical Science, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea; (M.I.A.B.); (L.C.)
| | - Hee-Suk Chae
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
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5
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Hon JX, Wahab NA, Karim AKA, Mokhtar NM, Mokhtar MH. MicroRNAs in Endometriosis: Insights into Inflammation and Progesterone Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15001. [PMID: 37834449 PMCID: PMC10573326 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241915001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis, a non-malignant gynecological disorder influenced by estrogen, involves the growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus. Its development includes processes such as inflammation, progesterone resistance, angiogenesis, and cell proliferation. Epigenetic factors, particularly the dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs), have emerged as key factors in these mechanisms in endometriosis. This review aims to unveil the intricate molecular processes that control inflammation, progesterone resistance, and miRNA functions in endometriosis. In addition, it provides a comprehensive overview of the current understanding regarding the involvement of miRNAs in the inflammatory aspects of this condition. This synthesis encompasses research investigating the molecular underpinnings of inflammation, along with the biogenesis and roles of miRNAs in endometriosis. Furthermore, it examines human studies and functional analyses to establish the intricate connection between miRNAs, inflammation, and progesterone resistance in the context of endometriosis. The results highlight the significant impact of dysregulated miRNAs on the inflammatory pathways and hormonal imbalances characteristic of endometriosis. Consequently, miRNAs hold promise as potential non-invasive biomarkers and targeted therapeutic agents aimed at addressing inflammation and enhancing the response to progesterone treatment in individuals with endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Xian Hon
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Norhazlina Abdul Wahab
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
- GUT Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Kadir Abdul Karim
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Norfilza Mohd Mokhtar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
- GUT Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Helmy Mokhtar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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6
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Banerjee S, Xu W, Doctor A, Driss A, Nezhat C, Sidell N, Taylor RN, Thompson WE, Chowdhury I. TNFα-induced altered miRNA expression links to NF-κB signaling pathway in endometriosis. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2870585. [PMID: 37205467 PMCID: PMC10187425 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2870585/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a common gynecological inflammatory disorder characterized by immune system dysregulation, which is involved in lesion initiation and progression. Studies have demonstrated that several cytokines are associated with the evolution of endometriosis, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα). TNFα is a non-glycosylated cytokine protein with potent inflammatory, cytotoxic, and angiogenic potential. In the current study, we examined the ability of TNFα to induce dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) linked to NFkB-signaling pathways, thus contributing to the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Using RT-QPCR, the expression of several miRNAs were quantified in primary cells derived from eutopic endometrium of endometriosis subjects (EESC) and normal endometrial stromal cells (NESC) and also TNFα treated NESCs. The phosphorylation of the pro-inflammatory molecule NF-κB and the candidates of the survival pathways PI3K, AKT and ERK was measured by westernblot analysis. The elevated secretion of TNFα in EESCs downregulates the expression level of several miRNAs significantly (p < 0.05) in EESCs compared to NESC. Also treatment of NESCs with exogenous TNFα significantly reduced the expression of miRNAs in a dose-dependent manner to levels similar to EESCs. In addition, TNFα significantly increased the phosphorylation of the PI3K, AKT, ERK, and NF-κB signaling pathways. Notably, treatment with curcumin (CUR, diferuloylmethane), an anti-inflammatory polyphenol, significantly increased the expression of dysregulated miRNAs in EESC in a dose-dependent manner. Our findings demonstrate that TNFα is upregulated in EESCs, which subsequently dysregulates the expression of miRNAs, contributing to the pathophysiology of endometriotic cells. CUR effectively inhibits the expression of TNFα, subsequently altering miRNA levels and suppresses the phosphorylation of AKT, ERK, and NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wei Xu
- Morehouse School of Medicine
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7
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Zubrzycka A, Migdalska-Sęk M, Jędrzejczyk S, Brzeziańska-Lasota E. Assessment of BMP7, SMAD4, and CDH1 Expression Profile and Regulatory miRNA-542-3p in Eutopic and Ectopic Endometrium of Women with Endometriosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076637. [PMID: 37047609 PMCID: PMC10095043 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the expression of numerous genes and the miRNAs that are recognized as their regulators in the endometrial cells of women with endometriosis may disrupt the intracellular signaling pathways associated with epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). So far, the functional role of BMP7 in endometrial physiology has been confirmed, especially in the context of fertility, but the role of the activation of a specific mechanism operating through the BMP–SMAD–CDH1 axis in the formation of endometrial lesions remains unexplored. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression profile of miR-542-3p and the EMT markers (BMP7, SMAD4, CDH1) in matched eutopic endometrium (EUE) and ectopic endometrium (ECE) samples from women with endometriosis in relation to healthy women. The levels of expression of the studied genes and miRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from women diagnosed with endometriosis and those without the disease were also evaluated. Fifty-four patients (n = 54: with endometriosis—n = 29 and without endometriosis—n = 25) were included in the study. A comparative analysis of the relative mean expression values (RQ) of the studied mRNA and miRNA assessed by RT-qPCR demonstrated downregulation of BMP7, SMAD4, and CDH1 expression in ectopic lesions and upregulation in the eutopic endometrium compared with the control group. In the eutopic tissue of women with endometriosis, miR-542-3p expression was similar to that of the control but significantly lower than in endometrial lesions. We also confirmed a trend towards a negative correlation between miR-542-3p and BMP7 in ectopic tissue, and in PBMC, a significant negative correlation of miR-542-3p with further BMP signaling genes, i.e., SMAD4 and CDH1, was observed. These results indicate that the miRNA selected by us may be a potential negative regulator of BMP7-SMAD4-CDH1 signaling associated with EMT. The different patterns of BMP7, SMAD4, and CDH1 gene expression in ECE, EUE, and the control endometrium observed by us suggests the loss of the endometrial epithelium phenotype in women with endometriosis and demonstrates their involvement in the pathogenesis and pathomechanism of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zubrzycka
- Department of Biomedicine and Genetics, Medical University of Lodz, St. Pomorska 251, C-5, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Monika Migdalska-Sęk
- Department of Biomedicine and Genetics, Medical University of Lodz, St. Pomorska 251, C-5, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Sławomir Jędrzejczyk
- Institute of Medical Expertises, St. Aleksandrowska 67/93, 91-205 Lodz, Poland
- Operative and Conservative Gynecology Ward, Dr. K. Jonscher Municipal Medical Centre, St. Milionowa 14, 93-113 Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Brzeziańska-Lasota
- Department of Biomedicine and Genetics, Medical University of Lodz, St. Pomorska 251, C-5, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
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8
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Zhang F, Li F, Lu J. microRNA-100 shuttled by human umbilical cord MSC-secreted extracellular vesicles induces endometriosis by inhibiting HS3ST2. Cell Signal 2023; 102:110532. [PMID: 36423858 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the function of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-originated extracellular vesicles (hUC-MSC-EVs) on endometriosis has been reported, while its specific mechanisms remain largely unknown. This study aimed at investigating the mechanisms underlying the modulation of EVs harboring miR-100 derived from hUC-MSCs in the growth dynamics of endometrial stromal cells in endometriosis. Endometriosis mouse models were established. miR-100 was upregulated and HS3ST2 was downregulated in endometriosis. Ectopic endometrial tissues and umbilical cord tissues were obtained to extract endometrial stromal cells and hUC-MSCs, from which EVs were isolated. Next, the endometrial stromal cells were co-cultured with hUC-MSC-EVs, during which gain- or loss-of-function approaches were employed for gene overexpression or silencing. The binding affinity among miR-100 and HS3ST2 was identified using multiple assays. It was unveiled that miR-100 could target and inhibit HS3ST2. miR-100 from hUC-MSCs could be transferred into the endometrial stromal cells via EVs. Moreover, miR-100 shuttled by hUC-MSC-EVs facilitated endometrial stromal cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, as well as EMT by inhibiting HS3ST2. In vivo experiments also confirmed that hUC-MSC-derived EVs carrying miR-100 induced the occurrence and development of endometriosis. Collectively, hUC-MSC-EV-loaded miR-100 downregulated HS3ST2 to facilitate the development of endometriosis, which highlights a promising therapeutic target for treating endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- Gynaecological ward 2, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China.
| | - Feiyan Li
- Gynaecological ward 2, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Jinghe Lu
- Gynaecological ward 2, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
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9
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Zubrzycka A, Migdalska-Sęk M, Jędrzejczyk S, Brzeziańska-Lasota E. The Expression of TGF-β1, SMAD3, ILK and miRNA-21 in the Ectopic and Eutopic Endometrium of Women with Endometriosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032453. [PMID: 36768775 PMCID: PMC9917033 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular pathogenesis of endometriosis has been associated with pathological alterations of protein expression via disturbances in homeostatic genes, miRNA expression profiles, and signaling pathways that play an essential role in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. TGF-β1 has been hypothesized to play a key role in the development and progression of endometriosis, but the activation of a specific mechanism via the TGF-β-SMAD-ILK axis in the formation of endometriotic lesions is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to assess the expression of EMT markers (TGF-β1, SMAD3, ILK) and miR-21 in ectopic endometrium (ECE), in its eutopic (EUE) counterpart, and in the endometrium of healthy women. The expression level of the tested genes and miRNA was also evaluated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in women with and without endometriosis. Fifty-four patients (n = 54; with endometriosis, n = 29, and without endometriosis, n = 25) were enrolled in the study. The expression levels (RQ) of the studied genes and miRNA were evaluated using qPCR. Endometriosis patients manifested higher TGF-β1, SMAD3, and ILK expression levels in the eutopic endometrium and a decreased expression level in the ectopic lesions in relation to control tissue. Compared to the endometrium of healthy participants, miR-21 expression levels did not change in the eutopic endometrium of women with endometriosis, but the RQ was higher in their endometrial implants. In PBMC, negative correlations were found between the expression level of miR-21 and the studied genes, with the strongest statistically significant correlation observed between miR-21 and TGF-β1. Our results suggest the loss of the endometrial epithelial phenotype defined by the differential expression of the TGF-β1, SMAD3 and ILK genes in the eutopic and ectopic endometrium. We concluded that the TGF-β1-SMAD3-ILK signaling pathway, probably via a mechanism related to the EMT, may be important in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. We also identified miR-21 as a possible inhibitor of this TGF-β1-SMAD3-ILK axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zubrzycka
- Department of Biomedicine and Genetics, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
- Operative and Conservative Gynecology Ward, Dr K. Jonscher Municipal Medical Centre, 93-113 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.Z.); (M.M.-S.)
| | - Monika Migdalska-Sęk
- Department of Biomedicine and Genetics, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.Z.); (M.M.-S.)
| | - Sławomir Jędrzejczyk
- Operative and Conservative Gynecology Ward, Dr K. Jonscher Municipal Medical Centre, 93-113 Lodz, Poland
- Institute of Medical Expertises, 91-205 Lodz, Poland
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10
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Arosh JA, Sivakumar KK, Lee J, Banu SK. Effects of selective inhibition of prostaglandin E2 receptors EP2 and EP4 on the miRNA profile in endometriosis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 558:111728. [PMID: 35944745 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2022.111728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent, progesterone-resistant, chronic inflammatory gynecological disease of reproductive-age women. Two major clinical symptoms of endometriosis are chronic pelvic pain and infertility, which profoundly affect the quality of life in women. Current hormonal therapies to induce a hypoestrogenic state are unsuccessful because of undesirable side effects, reproductive health concerns, and failure to prevent disease recurrence. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) plays an important role in the survival and growth of endometriotic lesions. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNAs that control gene expressions through multiple mechanisms and have important roles in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. The objective of the present study is to determine the effects of pharmacological inhibition of PGE2 receptors, EP2 and EP4, on miRNA profile in endometriosis. The novel results collectively indicate that inhibition of PGE2-EP2/EP4 signaling regulated several miRNA clusters associated with cell adhesion, migration, invasion, survival and growth in cell-specific and the chromosome-specific manner and reverses the epigenetic silencing of proapoptotic miRNAs 15a and 34c in the human endometriotic epithelial and stromal cells and experimental endometriotic lesions. Thus, selective inhibition of EP2/EP4 receptors could emerge as a potential nonsteroidal therapy for endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe A Arosh
- Reproductive Endocrinology and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, TX, 77843, College Station, USA.
| | - Kirthiram K Sivakumar
- Reproductive Endocrinology and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, TX, 77843, College Station, USA
| | - JeHoon Lee
- Reproductive Endocrinology and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, TX, 77843, College Station, USA
| | - Sakhila K Banu
- Reproductive Endocrinology and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, TX, 77843, College Station, USA
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11
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Nothnick WB, Graham A. Dissecting the miR-451a-Mif Pathway in Endometriosis Pathophysiology Using a Syngeneic Mouse Model: Temporal Expression of Lesion Mif Receptors, Cd74 and Cxcr4. Biomedicines 2022; 10:1699. [PMID: 35885004 PMCID: PMC9313350 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is an enigmatic disease characterized by pain and infertility in which endometrial tissue grows in ectopic locations, predominantly the pelvic cavity. The pathogenesis and pathophysiology of endometriosis is complex and postulated to involve alterations in inflammatory, cell proliferation and post-transcriptional regulatory pathways among others. Our understanding on the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of endometriosis is further complicated by the fact that endometriosis can only be diagnosed by laparoscopy only after the disease has manifested. This makes it difficult to understand the true pathogenesis as a cause-and-effect relationship is difficult to ascertain. To aid in our understanding on endometriosis pathogenesis and pathophysiology, numerous rodent models have been developed. In this case, we discuss further assessment of a miR-451a-macrophage migration inhibitory factor (Mif) pathway which contributes to lesion survival. Specifically, we evaluate the temporal expression of lesion Mif receptors, Cd74 and Cxcr4 using host mice which express wild-type or miR-451a deficient lesions. Similar to that observed in humans and a non-human primate model of endometriosis, Cd74 expression is elevated in lesion tissue in a temporal fashion while that of Cxcr4 shows minimal increase during initial lesion establishment but is reduced later during the lifespan. Absence of miR-451a during initial lesion establishment is associated with an augmentation of Cd74, but no Cxcr4 expression. The data obtained in this study provide further support for a role of Mif receptors, Cd74 and Cxcr4 in the pathophysiology of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren B. Nothnick
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, Institute for Reproduction and Perinatal Research, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Amanda Graham
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA;
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Nothnick WB, Peterson R, Minchella P, Falcone T, Graham A, Findley A. The Relationship and Expression of miR-451a, miR-25-3p and PTEN in Early Peritoneal Endometriotic Lesions and Their Modulation In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5862. [PMID: 35682544 PMCID: PMC9180609 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND miR-451a can function as a tumor suppresser and has been shown to be elevated in both endometriotic lesion tissue and serum from women with endometriosis. To further explore the role of miR-451a in the pathophysiology of endometriosis, specifically, further evaluating its association with the tumor suppressor, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), we examined their expression in individual endometriotic lesion tissue to gain insight into their relationship and further explore if miR-451a regulates PTEN expression. METHODS A total of 55 red, peritoneal endometriotic lesions and matched eutopic endometrial specimens were obtained from 46 patients with endometriosis. miR-451a, miR-25-3p and PTEN mRNA levels were assessed by qRT-PCR and reported for each matched eutopic and ectopic sample. To evaluate miR-451a and miR-25-3p expression of miR-25-3p and PTEN, respectively, 12Z cells (endometriotic epithelial cell line) were transfected and miR-25-3p expression was assessed by qRT-PCR, while PTEN protein expression was assessed by Western blotting. RESULTS PTEN and miR-25-3p expression exhibited an inverse relationship, as did miR-25-3p and miR-451a in individual lesions. Over-expression of miR-451a in 12Z cells resulted in down-regulation of miR-25-3p, while up-regulation of miR-25-3p resulted in down-regulation of PTEN protein expression. CONCLUSIONS By assessing individual endometriotic lesion expression, we discovered an inverse relationship between miR-451a, miR-25-3p and PTEN, while in vitro cell transfection studies suggest that miR-451a may regulate PTEN expression via modulating miR-25-3p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren B. Nothnick
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; (R.P.); (P.M.); (A.G.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA;
- Institute for Reproduction and Perinatal Research, Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Riley Peterson
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; (R.P.); (P.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Paige Minchella
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; (R.P.); (P.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Tommaso Falcone
- Cleveland Clinic, London E1 4DG, UK;
- Cleveland Clinic, Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44101, USA
| | - Amanda Graham
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; (R.P.); (P.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Austin Findley
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA;
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Meixell DA, Mamillapalli R, Taylor HS. Methylation of microribonucleic acid Let-7b regulatory regions in endometriosis. F&S SCIENCE 2022; 3:197-203. [PMID: 35560017 DOI: 10.1016/j.xfss.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether Let-7b regulatory regions are methylated in endometriosis and whether there are specific CpG methylation sites that can be identified as key epigenetic regulatory locations. DESIGN Laboratory study. SETTING Academic Medical Center. PATIENT(S) Twenty-one women with (n = 12) and without (n = 9) endometriosis. INTERVENTION(S) Laboratory investigation. In vitro assessment of Let-7b methylation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Four targeted regions upstream of Let-7b predicted to be the regulatory regions of this microribonucleic acid (miRNA) were amplified using bisulfite-specific polymerase chain reaction. Deoxyribonucleic acid sequences were analyzed to determine methylation status at each predicted regulatory region and CpG island. RESULT(S) Regions were chosen on the basis of percent (%) GC content and data from Ensembl/ENCODE databases, which predict locations of promoters, enhancers, CTCF, and transcription factor binding sites as well as candidate cis-regulatory elements. A region 1,161 base pairs upstream of the Let-7b coding region was significantly differentially methylated in ectopic samples compared with eutopic endometrium from patients with endometriosis. Four specific CpG islands within this region 2 were further analyzed individually, and 1 was found to be significantly methylated in endometriosis. We identified that transcription factor SP1 was predicted to bind to a sequence that contained this specific methylated CpG in endometriosis. CONCLUSION(S) We identified differential Let-7b methylation in endometriosis, demonstrating that the epigenetic nature of the disease extends to the regulation of miRNAs. Methylation of this novel Let-7b regulatory region explains the decreased levels of this miRNA in endometriosis and is distinct from the regions implicated in regulating Let-7b in cancer. Understanding of the disease-specific mechanisms leading to diminished expression may allow for better understanding of the etiology of endometriosis as well as development of new treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana A Meixell
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Ramanaiah Mamillapalli
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
| | - Hugh S Taylor
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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MicroRNAs and Progesterone Receptor Signaling in Endometriosis Pathophysiology. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071096. [PMID: 35406659 PMCID: PMC8997421 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a significant disease characterized by infertility and pelvic pain in which endometrial stromal and glandular tissue grow in ectopic locations. Altered responsiveness to progesterone is a contributing factor to endometriosis pathophysiology, but the precise mechanisms are poorly understood. Progesterone resistance influences both the eutopic and ectopic (endometriotic lesion) endometrium. An inability of the eutopic endometrium to properly respond to progesterone is believed to contribute to the infertility associated with the disease, while an altered responsiveness of endometriotic lesion tissue may contribute to the survival of the ectopic tissue and associated symptoms. Women with endometriosis express altered levels of several endometrial progesterone target genes which may be due to the abnormal expression and/or function of progesterone receptors and/or chaperone proteins, as well as inflammation, genetics, and epigenetics. MiRNAs are a class of epigenetic modulators proposed to play a role in endometriosis pathophysiology, including the modulation of progesterone signaling. In this paper, we summarize the role of progesterone receptors and progesterone signaling in endometriosis pathophysiology, review miRNAs, which are over-expressed in endometriosis tissues and fluids, and follow this with a discussion on the potential regulation of key progesterone signaling components by these miRNAs, concluding with suggestions for future research endeavors in this area.
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Liu Y, Zhang Z, Yang F, Wang H, Liang S, Wang H, Yang J, Lin J. The role of endometrial stem cells in the pathogenesis of endometriosis and their application to its early diagnosis†. Biol Reprod 2021; 102:1153-1159. [PMID: 31965165 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioaa011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pelvic pain, infertility, and a high postoperative recurrence rate are associated with endometriosis and adversely affect the physical and mental health of patients. Moreover, these factors place a heavy burden on families and society. The identification of endometrial stem cells (EnSCs) in the eutopic endometrium, menstrual blood, and ectopic lesions of women with endometriosis not only provides new research objects in the context of endometriosis but also promotes and improves our understanding of its pathogenesis. Furthermore, based on previous studies, we reasonably suppose that dysfunctions of eutopic EnSCs play a critical role in the onset of endometriosis and directly cause abnormalities in the endometrium; subsequently, retrograde menstruation facilitates the delivery of abnormal endometrial tissues to the ovaries and pelvic cavity, where they ectopically implant, grow, and form ectopic lesions. Additionally, as a chronically progressive disease, there is a delay (3-11 years) from the first onset of symptoms to the diagnosis of endometriosis. Therefore, the development of a method for early diagnosis with high sensitivity and specificity is essential for endometriosis patients and has the potential to enable early treatment, prevent endometriosis progression, and relieve pain in patients. Thus, focusing on EnSCs will contribute to clarifying the potential pathogenesis of endometriosis and provide support for the application of EnSCs as therapeutic and early diagnostic targets in endometriosis treatment. SUMMARY SENTENCE Focusing on endometrial stem cells (EnSCs) will contribute to clarifying the potential pathogenesis of endometriosis and provide support for the application of EnSCs as therapeutic and early diagnostic targets in endometriosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Liu
- Stem Cell and Biotherapy Technology Research Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zhiqin Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Fen Yang
- Stem Cell and Biotherapy Technology Research Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,College of Biomedical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Shengying Liang
- Stem Cell and Biotherapy Technology Research Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Huiling Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jun Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Juntang Lin
- Stem Cell and Biotherapy Technology Research Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
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Králíčková M, Vetvicka V, Fiala L, Laganà AS, Garzon S. The Search for Biomarkers in Endometriosis: a Long and Windy Road. Reprod Sci 2021; 29:1667-1673. [PMID: 34159571 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00668-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a complex and chronic estrogen-dependent disease, affecting a significant proportion of women of reproductive age. Despite the long interest and extensive research, the pathogenesis of the disease is still debated. Although available non-invasive diagnostic methods have adequate accuracy, an invasive approach by laparoscopy is often necessary to obtain histological confirmation. In this scenario, the search for an accurate, reliable, cost-effective, clinically applicable non-invasive biomarker plays a crucial role in a potentially early diagnosis and, in this way, shape the future management of the disease. Considering these elements, the current review aims to summarize the most significant and novel results about biomarkers for the diagnosis and follow-up of women affected by endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Králíčková
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Plzen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Vaclav Vetvicka
- Department of Pathology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Luděk Fiala
- Institute of Sexology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Antonio Simone Laganà
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Filippo Del Ponte" Hospital, University of Insubria, Piazza Biroldi 1, 21100, Varese, Italy.
| | - Simone Garzon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Filippo Del Ponte" Hospital, University of Insubria, Piazza Biroldi 1, 21100, Varese, Italy.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, AOUI Verona, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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17
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Wu J, Fang X, Huang H, Huang W, Wang L, Xia X. Construction and topological analysis of an endometriosis-related exosomal circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:12607-12630. [PMID: 33901012 PMCID: PMC8148458 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Novel biomarkers are needed to accelerate the diagnosis and treatment of endometriosis. We performed RNA sequencing to explore the expression profiles of exosomal circular RNAs (circRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs) and mRNAs in patients with ovarian endometriomas, eutopic endometria and normal endometria. Differentially expressed genes between the different pairs of groups were analyzed and functionally annotated. Then, miRNA-target RNA pairs were identified, competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) scores were calculated, gene expression characteristics were determined, and these parameters were used to construct an exosomal ceRNA network. We identified 36 candidate hub genes with high degrees of gene connectivity. We also topologically analyzed the ceRNA network to obtain a hub ceRNA network of circRNAs with the highest closeness and ceRNA efficiency. Twelve genes overlapped between the 36 candidate hub genes and the genes in the hub ceRNA network. These 12 genes were considered to be exosomal RNA-based biomarkers, and circ_0026129/miRNA-15a-5p/ATPase H+ transporting V1 subunit A (ATP6V1A) were at the center of the ceRNA network. By determining the exosomal RNA expression profiles of endometriosis patients and constructing a circRNA-associated ceRNA network, these findings provide insight into the molecular pathways of endometriosis and new resources for its diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingni Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoling Fang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Hongyan Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Research Center of Carcinogenesis and Targeted Therapy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.,The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Cancer Proteomics and Translational Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Lei Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaomeng Xia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
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18
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Javadi M, Rad JS, Farashah MSG, Roshangar L. An Insight on the Role of Altered Function and Expression of Exosomes and MicroRNAs in Female Reproductive Diseases. Reprod Sci 2021; 29:1395-1407. [PMID: 33825167 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00556-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are small bilayer-lipid membrane vesicles secreted by living cells that are able to transfer regulatory molecules and genetic information from one cell to another. These vesicles are enriched with several nucleic acids including mRNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs), other non-coding RNAs, as well as proteins and lipids. Alterations in the exosomal content and functions are observed in numerous reproductive diseases in both animals and human cases. MicroRNAs, a class of small endogenous RNA molecules, can negatively regulate gene expression at the post-transcription level. Aberrant microRNA expression has been reported in multiple human reproductive diseases such as polycystic ovary syndrome, preeclampsia, uterine leiomyomata, ovarian cancer, endometriosis, and Asherman's syndrome. This study focuses to review recent research on alterations of microRNA expression and the role of exosomes in female reproductive diseases. It has been demonstrated that exosomes may be a potential therapeutic approach in various female reproductive diseases. In addition, changes in expression of microRNAs act as molecular biomarkers for diagnosis of several reproductive diseases in women, and regulation of their expression can potentially reduce infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Javadi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jafar Soleimani Rad
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sadegh Gholami Farashah
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leila Roshangar
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Aljubran F, Nothnick WB. Long non-coding RNAs in endometrial physiology and pathophysiology. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 525:111190. [PMID: 33549604 PMCID: PMC7946759 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The endometrium is an essential component of the female uterus which provides the environment for pregnancy establishment and maintenance. Abnormalities of the endometrium not only lead to difficulties in establishing and maintaining pregnancy but also play a causative role in diseases of endometrial origin including endometriosis and endometrial cancer. Non-coding RNAs are proposed to play a role in regulating the genome in both normal endometrial physiology and pathophysiology. In this review, we first provide a general overview of non-coding RNAs and reproductive physiology of the endometrium. We then discuss the role on non-coding RNAs in normal endometrial physiology and pathophysiology of endometrial infertility. We then conclude with non-coding RNAs in the pathophysiology of endometriosis and endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatimah Aljubran
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Warren B Nothnick
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA; Institute for Reproduction and Perinatal Research, Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
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20
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Zhou S, Huang C, Wang W, Liu J. MiR-370-3p inhibits the development of human endometriosis by downregulating EDN1 expression in endometrial stromal cells. Cell Biol Int 2021; 45:1183-1190. [PMID: 33470475 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
MiR-370-3p has been demonstrated to be downregulated in patients with endometriosis (EM). However, its role and molecular mechanisms in the progression of EM remain unclear. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to measure the expression of miR-370-3p and endothelin-1 (EDN1) in patients with or without EM. After miR-370-3p overexpression or knockdown in ectopic endometrial hEM15A cells, the changes in the proliferation, apoptosis, and migration and invasion capacities were detected by using cell counting kit-8, flow cytometry, and transwell methods. The interplay between miR-370-3p and EDN1 was confirmed by a luciferase reporter assay. Patients with EM showed adverse expression of EDN1 and miR-370-3p, especially in eutopic endometrium and ectopic endometrium. MiR-370-3p inhibited the proliferation, metastasis, and invasion capacities of hEM15A cells and promoted apoptosis. Investigation of its molecular mechanism revealed that miR-370-3p targeted EDN1 to influence the biological functions of hEM15A cells. MiR-370-3p represented as a therapeutic target for EM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Zhou
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chengyi Huang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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21
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He X, Cheng G, Xiao F, Zhang L, Jin G, Zhao X, Liu Y, Liang J, Li Y, Liu Z, Yuan Q, Ren H, Wu Q, Wu J, Xue L, Feng J, Wang Z, Xing Y, Wu W, Li Z, Wei D, Song X. miR-4477b gene as a novel pathogenic mutation occurring during the transformation of colorectal adenoma into colorectal cancer. J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 12:69-78. [PMID: 33708425 DOI: 10.21037/jgo-20-600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Polyps may develop into colorectal cancer (CRC) after 10-20 years. The occurrence of polyps and tumors caused by somatic gene mutations is considered a main pathogenesis of CRC. Among all general patients with polyps or CRC, some had adenoma of varying degrees that were consistent with familial colorectal adenomas. A patient with CRC (the propositus) and his brothers and sister, all of whom had varying degrees of colorectal polyps showed different adenomas with different members in a family. Methods In the present study, a total of 9 family members were investigated, and a family tree was drawn. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral venous blood samples from family members, and whole-exome sequencing (WES) and Sanger sequencing were performed on the DNA samples. The result of WES was compared with compared directly to the reference genome (hg19) with Burrows-Wheeler Aligner, which is as control group from. Results We identified a base substitution in the miR-4477b gene (c.68415368T>G, chromosome 9 q13), predicted the target gene of miR-4477b through the biologic website, and analyzed the Gene Ontology (GO) and signal pathway of the target gene. The GO functional annotation analysis of the target gene of mir4477b revealed that these genes are involved mainly in the G1/S transition of the mitotic cell cycle, activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase activity, protein phosphorylation, and membrane, centrosome, cytoplasm, zinc ion-binding, protein-binding, and ligase activity. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genomes pathway analysis revealed that miR-4477b regulates target genes mainly involved in the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway, regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, proteoglycans in cancer, pathways in cancer, and renal cell carcinoma. Conclusions The mutation of the has-mir-4477b gene likely leads to the occurrence of adenoma and CRC. In-depth studies of patients from the same family with different stages of adenoma can avoid errors caused by gene diversity, incomplete clinical data, and uncertain disease development. The has-mir-4477b gene may represent a key gene mutation in colorectal carcinogenesis and a multiyear cancer risk for patients that requires further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu He
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Guohua Cheng
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Feng Xiao
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Gang Jin
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Juan Liang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yarong Li
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhaoyu Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qiang Yuan
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hongwei Ren
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qilong Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jinrong Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lili Xue
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jing Feng
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhihui Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yueming Xing
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Dong Wei
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiang Song
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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22
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Vanhie A, O D, Peterse D, Beckers A, Cuéllar A, Fassbender A, Meuleman C, Mestdagh P, D'Hooghe T. Plasma miRNAs as biomarkers for endometriosis. Hum Reprod 2020; 34:1650-1660. [PMID: 31411334 PMCID: PMC6736379 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dez116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Can plasma miRNAs be used for the non-invasive diagnosis of endometriosis in infertile women? SUMMARY ANSWER miRNA-based diagnostic models for endometriosis failed the test of independent validation. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Circulating miRNAs have been described to be differentially expressed in patients with endometriosis compared with women without endometriosis, suggesting that they could be used for the non-invasive diagnosis of endometriosis. However, these studies have shown limited consistency or conflicting results, and no miRNA-based diagnostic test has been validated in an independent patient cohort. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION We performed genome-wide miRNA expression profiling by small RNA sequencing to identify a set of plasma miRNAs with discriminative potential between patients with and without endometriosis. Expression of this set of miRNAs was confirmed by RT-qPCR. Diagnostic models were built using multivariate logistic regression with stepwise feature selection. In a final step, the models were tested for validation in an independent patient cohort. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTINGS, METHODS Plasma of all patients was available in the biobank of the Leuven Endometriosis Centre of Excellence. Biomarker discovery and model development were performed in a discovery cohort of 120 patients (controls = 38, endometriosis = 82), and models were tested for validation in an independent cohort of 90 patients (controls = 30, endometriosis = 60). RNA was extracted with the miRNeasy Plasma Kit. Genome-wide miRNA expression analysis was done by small RNA sequencing using the NEBNext small RNA library prep kit and the NextSeq 500 System. cDNA synthesis and qPCR were performed using the Qiagen miScript technology. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE We identified a set of 42 miRNAs with discriminative power between patients with and without endometriosis based on genome-wide miRNA expression profiling. Expression of 41 miRNAs was confirmed by RT-qPCR, and 3 diagnostic models were built. Only the model for minimal-mild endometriosis (Model 2: hsa-miR-125b-5p, hsa-miR-28-5p and hsa-miR-29a-3p) had diagnostic power above chance performance in the independent validation (AUC = 60%) with an acceptable sensitivity (78%) but poor specificity (37%). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The diagnostic models were built and tested for validation in two patient cohorts from a single tertiary endometriosis centre. Further validation tests in large cohorts with patients from multiple endometriosis centres are needed. WIDER IMPLICATION OF THE FINDINGS Our study supports a possible biological link between certain miRNAs and endometriosis, but the potential of these miRNAs as clinically useful biomarkers is questionable in women with infertility. Large studies in well-described patient cohorts, with rigorous methodology for miRNA expression analysis, sufficient statistical power and an independent validation step, are necessary to answer the question of whether miRNAs can be used as diagnostics markers for endometriosis. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) The project was funded by a grant from the Research Foundation - Flanders (FWO). A.V., D.F.O. and D.P. are PhD fellows from the FWO. T.D. is vice president and Head of Global Medical Affairs Fertility, Research and Development, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany. He is also a professor in Reproductive Medicine and Biology at the Department of Development and Regeneration, Group Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Belgium and an adjunct professor at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in the University of Yale, New Haven, USA. Neither his corporate role nor his academic roles represent a conflict of interest with respect to the work done by him for this study. The other co-authors have no conflict of interest. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vanhie
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Leuven Endometriosis Center of Excellence, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - D O
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - D Peterse
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - A Fassbender
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - C Meuleman
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Leuven Endometriosis Center of Excellence, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - P Mestdagh
- Biogazelle, Zwijnaarde, Belgium.,UGent, Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent, Belgium.,UGent, Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - T D'Hooghe
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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23
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Wang D, Luo Y, Wang G, Yang Q. CircATRNL1 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition in endometriosis by upregulating Yes-associated protein 1 in vitro. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:594. [PMID: 32728069 PMCID: PMC7392763 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02784-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a common and benign gynecological disorder but exhibits malignant features. However, the underlying pathogenesis and pathophysiology of endometriosis remain unclear. Circular RNAs have been demonstrated to participate in the occurrence and progression of multiple diseases. This study was aimed to explore the roles of circATRNL1 in endometriosis in vitro. Based on the results of reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis, we found significant upregulation of circATRNL1 and Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1), while downregulation of miR-141-3p and miR-200a-3p in ectopic tissues compared to eutopic tissues. The immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis showed differentially expressed epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers between EuEM and EcEM tissues. The in vitro assays indicated that overexpression of circATRNL1 could promote the proliferation, migration, and invasion of Ishikawa cells, and induce EMT process, while circATRNL1 silencing showed the opposite effect. The mechanical investigation indicated that circATRNL1 upregulated YAP1 by sponging miR-141-3p and miR-200a-3p. Gain-of-function assays validated the inhibitory function of miR-141-3p and miR-200a-3p in endometriosis. The results of rescue assays confirmed the function of circATRNL1-miR-141-3p/miR-200a-3p-YAP1 axis on Ishikawa cells. Our findings demonstrate that abnormal upregulation of circATRNL1 regulates cell proliferation and motility and promotes EMT process via the miR-141-3p/miR-200a-3p-YAP1 axis in vitro, which could contribute to the progression of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No.36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, PR China
| | - Yajuan Luo
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No.36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, PR China
| | - Guangwei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No.36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, PR China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No.36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, PR China.
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24
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Bjorkman S, Taylor HS. MicroRNAs in endometriosis: biological function and emerging biomarker candidates†. Biol Reprod 2020; 100:1135-1146. [PMID: 30721951 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioz014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small noncoding RNA molecules, have been recognized as key post-transcriptional regulators associated with a multitude of human diseases. Global expression profiling studies have uncovered hundreds of miRNAs that are dysregulated in several diseases, and yielded many candidate biomarkers. This review will focus on miRNAs in endometriosis, a common chronic disease affecting nearly 10% of reproductive-aged women, which can cause pelvic pain, infertility, and a myriad of other symptoms. Endometriosis has delayed time to diagnosis when compared to other chronic diseases, as there is no current accurate, easily accessible, and noninvasive tool for diagnosis. Specific miRNAs have been identified as potential biomarkers for this disease in multiple studies. These and other miRNAs have been linked to target genes and functional pathways in disease-specific pathophysiology. Highlighting investigations into the roles of tissue and circulating miRNAs in endometriosis, published through June 2018, this review summarizes new connections between miRNA expression and the pathophysiology of endometriosis, including impacts on fertility. Future applications of miRNA biomarkers for precision medicine in diagnosing and managing endometriosis treatment are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Bjorkman
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Hugh S Taylor
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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25
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Xu A, Jiang M, Li S, Fei Q. Down-regulation of circ_0061140 attenuates ectopic endometrial cell proliferation, migration and invasion in endometriosis via inactivating Notch2. Gene 2020; 757:144926. [PMID: 32621951 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a frequent gynecologic disease in the world. CircRNAs can exert a crucial role in various diseases. Nevertheless, little is known about its roles in endometriosis. We investigated the involvement of circ_0061140 in endometriosis. Tissues from endometriosis women displayed an increased expression of circ_0061140. Then, we found loss of circ_0061140 significantly repressed ectopic endometrial cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Meanwhile,miR-140-3pcan demonstrate an important role in several cancers.Here, we reported miR-140-3p was reduced in ectopic endometrial cells and it acted as a target of circ_0061140. Moreover, miR-140-3p was able to reverse the effect of circ_0061140 on ectopic endometrial cells. Furthermore, Notch2 was predicted as a putative target of miR-140-3p. A positive correlation between circ_0061140 and Notch2 was indicated. miR-140-3p and Notch2 were operated as downstream effectors in the circ_0061140 mediated signaling in endometriosis. Decrease of circ_0061140 could depress endometriosis progression through modulating miR-140-3p and Notch2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anchun Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengxi Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qunkao Fei
- Outpatient Department, Huai'an Second People's Hospital, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, China.
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26
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Zubrzycka A, Zubrzycki M, Perdas E, Zubrzycka M. Genetic, Epigenetic, and Steroidogenic Modulation Mechanisms in Endometriosis. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E1309. [PMID: 32370117 PMCID: PMC7291215 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a chronic gynecological disease, affecting up to 10% of reproductive-age women. The exact cause of the disease is unknown; however, it is a heritable condition affected by multiple genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. Previous studies reported variations in the epigenetic patterns of numerous genes known to be involved in the aberrant modulation of cell cycle steroidogenesis, abnormal hormonal, immune and inflammatory status in endometriosis, apoptosis, adhesion, angiogenesis, proliferation, immune and inflammatory processes, response to hypoxia, steroidogenic pathway and hormone signaling are involved in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Accumulating evidence suggest that various epigenetic aberrations may contribute to the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Among them, DNA methyltransferases, histone deacetylators, and non-coding microRNAs demonstrate differential expression within endometriotic lesions and in the endometrium of patients with endometriosis. It has been indicated that the identification of epigenetic differences within the DNA or histone proteins may contribute to the discovery of a useful prognostic biomarker, which could aid in the future earlier detection, timely diagnosis, and initiation of a new approach to the treatment of endometriosis, as well as inform us about the effectiveness of treatment and the stage of the disease. As the etiology of endometriosis is highly complex and still far from being fully elucidated, the presented review focuses on different approaches to identify the genetic and epigenetic links of endometriosis and its pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zubrzycka
- Department of Biomedicine and Genetics, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-213 Lodz, Poland; Poland;
- Department of Operative and Conservative Gynecology, K. Jonscher Memorial Hospital, Milionowa 14, 93-113 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marek Zubrzycki
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Transplantology, The Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski Institute of Cardiology, Alpejska 42, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Ewelina Perdas
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Maria Zubrzycka
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland;
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27
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Nakamura N, Terai Y, Nunode M, Kokunai K, Konishi H, Taga S, Nakamura M, Yoo M, Hayashi M, Yamashita Y, Ohmichi M. The differential expression of miRNAs between ovarian endometrioma and endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer. J Ovarian Res 2020; 13:51. [PMID: 32359364 PMCID: PMC7196233 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-020-00652-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated to play a vital role in development, differentiation, cell proliferation and apoptosis. However, which miRNAs are actually associated with endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer remains controversial. Methods Serum and ascites samples were obtained from all patients. Serum samples from 5 cases of ovarian endometrioma and endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer each were submitted for comprehensive miRNA microarray profiling. We investigated the differential expression of miRNAs between the two groups to confirm the pivotal role of miRNAs. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction validation of five selected miRNAs [miR-92a-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-4484, miR-6821-5p, and miR-7108-5p] was performed, and miR-486-5p expression analysis was followed by proliferation and wound healing assays, depending on the expression of miR-486-5p. Result miR-486-5p expression in serum and ascites samples from endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer patients was significantly higher than that from ovarian endometrioma patients. Moreover, the miR-486-5p level in serum and ascites samples was significantly correlated with the severity of the endometriosis. The upregulation of miR-486-5p in immortalized ovarian endometrioma cells significantly increased proliferation and migration. In contrast, the downregulation of miR-486-5p in these cells significantly decreased proliferation and migration. Conclusion miR-486-5p might function as an oncogenic miRNA in endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer and could be a noninvasive biomarker to prospect the severity of ovarian endometrioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuho Nakamura
- Department of obstetrics and gynecology, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-8686, Japan.
| | - Yoshito Terai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Misa Nunode
- Department of obstetrics and gynecology, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-8686, Japan
| | - Kana Kokunai
- Department of obstetrics and gynecology, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-8686, Japan
| | - Hiromi Konishi
- Department of obstetrics and gynecology, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-8686, Japan
| | - Sayaka Taga
- Department of obstetrics and gynecology, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-8686, Japan
| | | | - Masae Yoo
- Department of obstetrics and gynecology, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-8686, Japan
| | - Masami Hayashi
- Department of obstetrics and gynecology, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-8686, Japan
| | | | - Masahide Ohmichi
- Department of obstetrics and gynecology, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-8686, Japan
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28
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Sun X, Ma X, Yang X, Zhang X. Exosomes and Female Infertility. Curr Drug Metab 2020; 20:773-780. [PMID: 31749422 DOI: 10.2174/1389200220666191015155910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exosomes are small Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) (40-100 nm) secreted by living cells and mediate the transmission of information between cells. The number and contents of exosomes are associated with diseases such as inflammatory diseases, cancer, metabolic diseases and what we are focusing in this passage-female infertility. OBJECTIVE This review focused on the role of exosomes in oocyte development, declined ovarian function, PCOS, uterine diseases, endometrial receptivity and fallopian tube dysfunction in the female. METHODS We conducted an extensive search for research articles involving relationships between exosomes and female infertility on the bibliographic database. RESULTS It has been reported that exosomes can act as a potential therapeutic device to carry cargoes to treat female infertility. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms of exosomes in female infertility have not been entirely elucidated. Further researches are needed to explore the etiology and provide evidence for potential clinical treatment. CONCLUSIONS This review systematically summarized the role exosomes play in female infertility and its potential as drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Sun
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Embryology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoling Ma
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Embryology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xia Yang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Embryology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Embryology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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29
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Diagnostic Value of Circulating MicroRNAs for Endometriosis: a Meta-analysis. Reprod Sci 2020; 27:793-805. [DOI: 10.1007/s43032-019-00024-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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30
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Mwongeli Waita I, Nyachieo A, Chai D, Muuo S, Maina N, Kariuki D, M. Kyama C. Differential expression and functional analysis of micro RNAs in <em>Papio anubis</em> induced with endometriosis for early detection of the disease. AIMS MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.3934/molsci.2020015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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31
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Li G, Zhou Q, Song J, Xiao L, Zhu Y, Hou B. Propofol inhibits proliferation and invasion of endometriotic cells by miR-9-5p/TGFBI axis. ALL LIFE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2020.1789761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qun Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lihua Xiao
- Department of Neurology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yirong Zhu
- Department of Gynaecology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Benchao Hou
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
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32
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Vashisht A, Alali Z, Nothnick WB. Deciphering the Role of miRNAs in Endometriosis Pathophysiology Using Experimental Endometriosis Mouse Models. ADVANCES IN ANATOMY, EMBRYOLOGY, AND CELL BIOLOGY 2020; 232:79-97. [PMID: 33278008 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-51856-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis is an enigmatic disease for which we still have a poor understanding on how and why the disease develops. In recent years, miRNAs, small noncoding RNAs which regulate gene expression posttranscriptionally, have been evaluated for their role in endometriosis pathophysiology. This review will provide a brief summary on the role of miRNAs in endometrial physiology and pathophysiology as related to endometriosis. We will then discuss mouse models used in endometriosis research and the incorporation of some of these models in studies which examined the role of miRNAs in endometriosis pathophysiology. We conclude with providing future prospective on the role of mouse models in dissecting the role of miRNAs in endometriosis pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayushi Vashisht
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Zahraa Alali
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Warren B Nothnick
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA. .,Center for Reproductive Sciences, Institute for Reproductive and Perinatal Research, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
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33
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de Carvalho JB, de Morais GL, Vieira TCDS, Rabelo NC, Llerena JC, Gonzalez SMDC, de Vasconcelos ATR. miRNA Genetic Variants Alter Their Secondary Structure and Expression in Patients With RASopathies Syndromes. Front Genet 2019; 10:1144. [PMID: 31798637 PMCID: PMC6863982 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RASopathies are a group of rare genetic diseases caused by germline mutations in genes involved in the RAS–mitogen-activated protein kinase (RAS-MAPK) pathway. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) is a powerful approach for identifying new variants in coding and noncoding DNA sequences, including miRNAs. miRNAs are fine-tuning negative regulators of gene expression. The presence of variants in miRNAs could lead to malfunctions of regulation, resulting in diseases. Here, we identified 41 variants in mature miRNAs through WES analysis in five patients with previous clinical diagnosis of RASopathies syndromes. The pathways, biological processes, and diseases that were over-represented among the target genes of the mature miRNAs harboring variants included the RAS, MAPK, RAP1, and PIK3-Akt signaling pathways, neuronal differentiation, neurogenesis and nervous system development, congenital cardiac defects (hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy), and the phenotypes and syndromes of RASopathies (Noonan syndrome, Legius syndrome, Costello syndrome, Cafe au lait spots multiple, subaortic stenosis, pulmonary valve stenosis, and LEOPARD syndrome). Furthermore, eight selected variants in nine mature miRNAs (hsa-miR-1304, hsa-miR-146a, hsa-miR-196a2, hsa-miR-499a/hsa-miR-499b, hsa-miR-449b, hsa-miR-548l, hsa-miR-575, and hsa-miR-593) may have caused alterations in the secondary structures of miRNA precursor. Selected miRNAs containing variants such as hsa-miR-146a-3p, hsa-miR-196a-3p, hsa-miR-548l, hsa-miR-449b-5p, hsa-miR-575, and hsa-miR499a-3p could regulate classical genes associated with Rasopathies and RAS-MAPK pathways, contributing to modify the expression pattern of miRNAs in patients. RT-qPCR expression analysis revealed four differentially expressed miRNAs that were downregulated: miRNA-146a-3p in P1, P2, P3, P4, and P5, miR-1304-3p in P2, P3, P4, and P5, miR-196a2-3p in P3, and miR-499b-5p in P1. miR-499a-3p was upregulated in P1, P3, and P5. These results indicate that miRNAs show different expression patterns when these variants are present in patients. Therefore, this study characterized the role of miRNAs harboring variants related to RASopathies for the first time and indicated the possible implications of these variants for phenotypes of RASopathies such as congenital cardiac defects and cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. The expression and existence of miRNA variants may be used in the study of biomarkers of the RASopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseane Biso de Carvalho
- Bioinformatics Laboratory (LABINFO), National Laboratory for Scientific Computing (LNCC), Petrópolis, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Loss de Morais
- Bioinformatics Laboratory (LABINFO), National Laboratory for Scientific Computing (LNCC), Petrópolis, Brazil
| | - Thays Cristine Dos Santos Vieira
- Laboratory of Genomic Medicine, National Institute of Women, Children and Adolescents Health Fernandes Figueira (IFF/FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Natana Chaves Rabelo
- Laboratory of Genomic Medicine, National Institute of Women, Children and Adolescents Health Fernandes Figueira (IFF/FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juan Clinton Llerena
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Institute of Women, Children and Adolescents Health Fernades Figueira, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sayonara Maria de Carvalho Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Genomic Medicine, National Institute of Women, Children and Adolescents Health Fernandes Figueira (IFF/FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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34
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Laganà AS, Garzon S, Götte M, Viganò P, Franchi M, Ghezzi F, Martin DC. The Pathogenesis of Endometriosis: Molecular and Cell Biology Insights. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5615. [PMID: 31717614 PMCID: PMC6888544 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiopathogenesis of endometriosis is a multifactorial process resulting in a heterogeneous disease. Considering that endometriosis etiology and pathogenesis are still far from being fully elucidated, the current review aims to offer a comprehensive summary of the available evidence. We performed a narrative review synthesizing the findings of the English literature retrieved from computerized databases from inception to June 2019, using the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) unique ID term "Endometriosis" (ID:D004715) with "Etiology" (ID:Q000209), "Immunology" (ID:Q000276), "Genetics" (ID:D005823) and "Epigenesis, Genetic" (ID:D044127). Endometriosis may origin from Müllerian or non-Müllerian stem cells including those from the endometrial basal layer, Müllerian remnants, bone marrow, or the peritoneum. The innate ability of endometrial stem cells to regenerate cyclically seems to play a key role, as well as the dysregulated hormonal pathways. The presence of such cells in the peritoneal cavity and what leads to the development of endometriosis is a complex process with a large number of interconnected factors, potentially both inherited and acquired. Genetic predisposition is complex and related to the combined action of several genes with limited influence. The epigenetic mechanisms control many of the processes involved in the immunologic, immunohistochemical, histological, and biological aberrations that characterize the eutopic and ectopic endometrium in affected patients. However, what triggers such alterations is not clear and may be both genetically and epigenetically inherited, or it may be acquired by the particular combination of several elements such as the persistent peritoneal menstrual reflux as well as exogenous factors. The heterogeneity of endometriosis and the different contexts in which it develops suggest that a single etiopathogenetic model is not sufficient to explain its complex pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Simone Laganà
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Filippo Del Ponte” Hospital, University of Insubria, Piazza Biroldi 1, 21100 Varese, Italy; (S.G.); (F.G.)
| | - Simone Garzon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Filippo Del Ponte” Hospital, University of Insubria, Piazza Biroldi 1, 21100 Varese, Italy; (S.G.); (F.G.)
| | - Martin Götte
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, D-48149 Münster, Germany;
| | - Paola Viganò
- Reproductive Sciences Laboratory, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20136 Milan, Italy;
| | - Massimo Franchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, AOUI Verona, University of Verona, Piazzale Aristide Stefani 1, 37126 Verona, Italy;
| | - Fabio Ghezzi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Filippo Del Ponte” Hospital, University of Insubria, Piazza Biroldi 1, 21100 Varese, Italy; (S.G.); (F.G.)
| | - Dan C. Martin
- School of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 910 Madison Ave, Memphis, TN 38163, USA;
- Virginia Commonwealth University, 907 Floyd Ave, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
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Khalaj K, Miller JE, Lingegowda H, Fazleabas AT, Young SL, Lessey BA, Koti M, Tayade C. Extracellular vesicles from endometriosis patients are characterized by a unique miRNA-lncRNA signature. JCI Insight 2019; 4:128846. [PMID: 31534048 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.128846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
With multifactorial etiologies, combined with disease heterogeneity and a lack of suitable diagnostic markers and therapy, endometriosis remains a major reproductive health challenge. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as major contributors of disease progression in several conditions, including a variety of cancers; however, their role in endometriosis pathophysiology has remained elusive. Using next-generation sequencing of EVs obtained from endometriosis patient tissues and plasma samples compared with controls, we have documented that patient EVs carry unique signatures of miRNAs and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) reflecting their contribution to disease pathophysiology. Mass spectrophotometry-based proteomic analysis of EVs from patient plasma and peritoneal fluid further revealed enrichment of specific pathways, as well as altered immune and metabolic processes. Functional studies in endometriotic epithelial and endothelial cell lines using EVs from patient plasma and controls clearly indicate autocrine uptake and paracrine cell proliferative roles, suggestive of their involvement in endometriosis. Multiplex cytokine analysis of cell supernatants in response to patient and control plasma-derived EVs indicate robust signatures of important inflammatory and angiogenic cytokines known to be involved in disease progression. Collectively, these findings suggest that endometriosis-associated EVs carry unique cargo and contribute to disease pathophysiology by influencing inflammation, angiogenesis, and proliferation within the endometriotic lesion microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasra Khalaj
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jessica E Miller
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Asgerally T Fazleabas
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Steven L Young
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Bruce A Lessey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Greenville Health Systems, Greenville, South Carolina, USA
| | - Madhuri Koti
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and.,Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chandrakant Tayade
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Wang D, Luo Y, Wang G, Yang Q. Circular RNA expression profiles and bioinformatics analysis in ovarian endometriosis. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e00756. [PMID: 31144476 PMCID: PMC6637292 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Circular RNAs (circRNAs) with miRNA response elements (MREs) could function as competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) in regulating gene expression, thus playing vital roles in pathogenesis and progression of many diseases. However, the function of circRNAs in endometriosis remains unknown. This study was carried to profile the expression patterns of circRNAs in ovarian endometriosis. Methods High throughput RNA‐Seq was performed in six paired ectopic and eutopic endometrium tissues (ecEM vs. euEM), followed by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) in 30 paired samples. Through bioinformatics prediction, we constructed a circRNA‐miRNA ‐mRNA network and elucidated circRNAs functions by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses. Results A total of 146 upregulated and 148 downregulated circRNAs were identified, binding with 2,495 MREs. The qRT‐PCR validation results of four upregulated circRNAs matched the RNA‐Seq data. The ceRNA network included 48 miRNAs and 296 mRNAs. Functional analysis revealed several important pathways such as MAPK signaling pathway, and PI3K‐AKT signaling pathway, which might be associated with the pathogenesis and development of endometriosis. Conclusion Our data suggested that circRNAs are differentially expressed in endometriosis, which might be candidate factors for pathogenesis of this disease and be considered as promising therapeutic targets in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yajuan Luo
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Guangwei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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miR-141-3p affects apoptosis and migration of endometrial stromal cells by targeting KLF-12. Pflugers Arch 2019; 471:1055-1063. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-019-02283-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Panir K, Schjenken JE, Robertson SA, Hull ML. Non-coding RNAs in endometriosis: a narrative review. Hum Reprod Update 2019; 24:497-515. [PMID: 29697794 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmy014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometriosis is a benign gynaecological disorder, which affects 10% of reproductive-aged women and is characterized by endometrial cells from the lining of the uterus being found outside the uterine cavity. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms causing the development of this heterogeneous disease remain enigmatic, and a lack of effective biomarkers necessitates surgical intervention for diagnosis. There is international recognition that accurate non-invasive diagnostic tests and more effective therapies are urgently needed. Non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecules, which are important regulators of cellular function, have been implicated in many chronic conditions. In endometriosis, transcriptome profiling of tissue samples and functional in vivo and in vitro studies demonstrate that ncRNAs are key contributors to the disease process. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE In this review, we outline the biogenesis of various ncRNAs relevant to endometriosis and then summarize the evidence indicating their roles in regulatory pathways that govern disease establishment and progression. SEARCH METHODS Articles from 2000 to 2016 were selected for relevance, validity and quality, from results obtained in PubMed, MEDLINE and Google Scholar using the following search terms: ncRNA and reproduction; ncRNA and endometriosis; miRNA and endometriosis; lncRNA and endometriosis; siRNA and endometriosis; endometriosis; endometrial; cervical; ovary; uterus; reproductive tract. All articles were independently screened for eligibility by the authors. OUTCOMES This review integrates extensive information from all relevant published studies focusing on microRNAs, long ncRNAs and short inhibitory RNAs in endometriosis. We outline the biological function and synthesis of microRNAs, long ncRNAs and short inhibitory RNAs and provide detailed findings from human research as well as functional studies carried out both in vitro and in vivo, including animal models. Although variability in findings between individual studies exists, collectively, the extant literature justifies the conclusion that dysregulated ncRNAs are a significant element of the endometriosis condition. WIDER IMPLICATIONS There is a compelling case that microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs and short inhibitory RNAs have the potential to influence endometriosis development and persistence through modulating inflammation, proliferation, angiogenesis and tissue remodelling. Rapid advances in ncRNA biomarker discovery and therapeutics relevant to endometriosis are emerging. Unravelling the significance of ncRNAs in endometriosis will pave the way for new diagnostic tests and identify new therapeutic targets and treatment approaches that have the potential to improve clinical options for women with this disabling condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Panir
- The Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - John E Schjenken
- The Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sarah A Robertson
- The Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - M Louise Hull
- The Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Fertility SA, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Women's and Children's Hospital Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Zhang H, Li G, Sheng X, Zhang S. Upregulation of miR‑33b promotes endometriosis via inhibition of Wnt/β‑catenin signaling and ZEB1 expression. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:2144-2152. [PMID: 30664209 PMCID: PMC6390049 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.9870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the role and mechanisms of microRNA (miR)‑33b in endometriosis (Ems). Reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR), MTT assays, flow cytometry, caspase‑3/9 activity assays and western blotting were performed in the present study. Initially, miR‑33b expression in an Ems rat model was investigated by RT‑qPCR and was demonstrated to be upregulated in Ems tissue samples of rats compared with the control group. In addition, miR‑33b upregulation inhibited cell growth and enhanced apoptosis in an Ems model (primary cell cultures) compared with the control group. In addition, miR‑33b up‑regulation reduced Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway and suppressed zinc finger E‑box‑binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) protein expression in the in vitro Ems model (primary cell cultures) compared with the control group. Furthermore, small interfering‑ZEB1 ameliorated the effects of miR‑33b downregulation on Ems cell growth in the in vitro Ems model. Additionally, a Wnt agonist reduced the effects of miR‑33b upregulation on Ems cell growth in the in vitro Ems model. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that upregulation of miR‑33b may promote Ems through Wnt/β‑catenin by ZEB1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250002, P.R. China
| | - Guang Li
- Department of Gynecology Ward 1, Linyi City People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276000, P.R. China
| | - Xiugui Sheng
- Department of Gynecology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Tumor Hospital, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Shiqian Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250002, P.R. China
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Wendel JRH, Wang X, Hawkins SM. The Endometriotic Tumor Microenvironment in Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10080261. [PMID: 30087267 PMCID: PMC6115869 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10080261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Women with endometriosis are at increased risk of developing ovarian cancer, specifically ovarian endometrioid, low-grade serous, and clear-cell adenocarcinoma. An important clinical caveat to the association of endometriosis with ovarian cancer is the improved prognosis for women with endometriosis at time of ovarian cancer staging. Whether endometriosis-associated ovarian cancers develop from the molecular transformation of endometriosis or develop because of the endometriotic tumor microenvironment remain unknown. Additionally, how the presence of endometriosis improves prognosis is also undefined, but likely relies on the endometriotic microenvironment. The unique tumor microenvironment of endometriosis is composed of epithelial, stromal, and immune cells, which adapt to survive in hypoxic conditions with high levels of iron, estrogen, and inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Understanding the unique molecular features of the endometriotic tumor microenvironment may lead to impactful precision therapies and/or modalities for prevention. A challenge to this important study is the rarity of well-characterized clinical samples and the limited model systems. In this review, we will describe the unique molecular features of endometriosis-associated ovarian cancers, the endometriotic tumor microenvironment, and available model systems for endometriosis-associated ovarian cancers. Continued research on these unique ovarian cancers may lead to improved prevention and treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian R Hufgard Wendel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Xiyin Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Shannon M Hawkins
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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Cosar E, Mamillapalli R, Moridi I, Duleba A, Taylor HS. Serum MicroRNA Biomarkers Regulated by Simvastatin in a Primate Model of Endometriosis. Reprod Sci 2018; 26:1343-1350. [PMID: 29587611 DOI: 10.1177/1933719118765971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory and estrogen-dependent disease that causes pain and infertility in reproductive-aged women. Due to the delay in diagnosis, there is a pressing need for accurate biomarkers. Detection of serum noncoding RNA molecules such as microRNAs (miRNAs) shows promise as a noninvasive diagnostic strategy; we previously identified miRNAs that are highly sensitive and specific biomarkers for the disease. In this study, we investigate the expression of these miRNAs in a nonhuman primate model of endometriosis. As part of a pilot study evaluating simvastatin for the treatment of endometriosis, the disease was induced in 16 baboons by induction laparoscopy and the animals were divided into 2 groups. One group was treated with simvastatin for 90 days, while the second group received vehicle only. Endometriosis was evaluated after 3 months by laparoscopy. Serum samples were analyzed for 9 circulating miRNAs using quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction, focusing on the miRNAs we found to be dysregulated in human endometriosis. In the simvastatin-treated endometriosis group, levels of miR-150-5p and miR-451a were decreased, while miR-3613-5p levels were increased compared to the untreated endometriosis group. The changes in circulating miRNA expression patterns parallel our previous results in human patients and show that specific miRNAs correlate with endometriosis severity and reverted toward control expression levels after simvastatin treatment. This is the first report showing serum miRNA expression normalized in response to endometriosis treatment, supporting the potential for this class of biomarkers to be used both to diagnose endometriosis and to monitor its progression and response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Cosar
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ramanaiah Mamillapalli
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Irene Moridi
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Antoni Duleba
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Hugh S Taylor
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Challenges in endometriosis miRNA studies — From tissue heterogeneity to disease specific miRNAs. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:2282-2292. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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