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Stanev E, Vasileva RI. Influence of Osteoporosis on the Course of Apical Periodontitis. Eur J Dent 2024. [PMID: 38759999 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1785533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by disruption of the bone microarchitecture. It is observed in both sexes, but to a greater extent in women. It affects the whole body, including the jaws. The main indicator of the presence of osteoporosis accepted by the World Health Organization is bone mineral density. The aim of this article is to find data on the influence of osteoporosis on apical periodontitis, to investigate how the intake of osteoporosis drugs affects apical periodontitis, and to establish various data that may be of benefit to the dental practitioner when treating patients with osteoporosis and apical periodontitis. Open-access publications are included. The presence of osteoporosis is important to the dentist. Apical periodontitis in these patients has a faster progression. They are characterized by inflammation and destruction of the tissues located around the tooth root. Osteoporosis has a destructive effect on bone tissue through different mechanisms: nuclear factor-κβ ligand and NLRP3/Caspase-1/IL-1β cascade. It is also associated with low estrogen levels. Various medications such as corticosteroids, bisphosphonates (alendronate, zoledronate (Zoledronic acid), calcitonin, raloxifene, and strontium used to treat osteoporosis can affect the course of apical periodontitis. When treating patients with periapical lesions, the dentist must take a proper medical history and general medical history. In cases of osteoporosis or taking bisphosphonates and other medications, consideration should be given to whether consultation with a specialist is necessary, what treatment approach would be most appropriate, and what the prognosis will be. Chronic diseases affect both the general state of the body and dental health. It has been found that in patients with osteoporosis, inflammation of the apical periodontium develops with faster bone resorption. Before starting dental treatment, it is important to specify the etiology of osteoporosis, the bone density of each patient, as well as the medications they are taking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeni Stanev
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Radosveta Ivanova Vasileva
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Banks JM, Capistrano KJ, Brandini DA, Zaidi F, Thakkar P, Rahat R, Schwartz J, Naqvi AR. Herpesviruses and SARS-CoV-2: Viral Association with Oral Inflammatory Diseases. Pathogens 2024; 13:58. [PMID: 38251365 PMCID: PMC10819702 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The oral cavity is a niche for diverse microbes, including viruses. Members of the Herpesviridae family, comprised of dsDNA viruses, as well as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), an ssRNA virus, are among the most prevalent viruses infecting the oral cavity, and they exhibit clinical manifestations unique to oral tissues. Viral infection of oral mucosal epithelia triggers an immune response that results in prolonged inflammation. The clinical and systemic disease manifestations of HHV have been researched extensively, and several recent studies have illuminated the relationship between HHV and oral inflammatory diseases. Burgeoning evidence suggests the oral manifestation of SARS-CoV-2 infection includes xerostomia, dysgeusia, periodontal disease, mucositis, and opportunistic viral and bacterial infections, collectively described as oral post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC). These diverse sequelae could be a result of intensified immune responses initially due to the copious production of proinflammatory cytokines: the so-called "cytokine storm syndrome", facilitating widespread oral and non-oral tissue damage. This review explores the interplay between HHV, SARS-CoV-2, and oral inflammatory diseases such as periodontitis, endodontic disease, and peri-implantitis. Additionally, the review discusses proper diagnostic techniques for identifying viral infection and how viral diagnostics can lead to improved overall patient health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M. Banks
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (J.M.B.); (K.J.C.); (F.Z.); (P.T.); (R.R.)
| | - Kristelle J. Capistrano
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (J.M.B.); (K.J.C.); (F.Z.); (P.T.); (R.R.)
| | - Daniela A. Brandini
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba 16015-050, SP, Brazil;
| | - Filza Zaidi
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (J.M.B.); (K.J.C.); (F.Z.); (P.T.); (R.R.)
| | - Pari Thakkar
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (J.M.B.); (K.J.C.); (F.Z.); (P.T.); (R.R.)
| | - Rani Rahat
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (J.M.B.); (K.J.C.); (F.Z.); (P.T.); (R.R.)
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Afsar R. Naqvi
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (J.M.B.); (K.J.C.); (F.Z.); (P.T.); (R.R.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Minervini G, Basili M, Franco R, Bollero P, Mancini M, Gozzo L, Romano GL, Marrapodi MM, Gorassini F, D'Amico C, Pedullà E, Fiorillo L. Periodontal Disease and Pregnancy: Correlation with Underweight Birth. Eur J Dent 2023; 17:945-950. [PMID: 36513345 PMCID: PMC10756724 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1757906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease is a risk factor for many systemic diseases including preterm birth and underweight birth. The purpose of this systematic review is to analyze the literature and to highlight any clinical correlation. Information sources such as PubMed, MEDLINE, and Web of Science were consulted to obtain our results with these keywords "periodontal disease," "pregnancy," "weight loss" using the connector "AND." After the first screening by authors, only 27 articles were included in this review. From the analysis of the literature, it was noted that the presence of periodontal disease could have a correlation with underweight birth. Surely, control oral hygiene and oral health is essential during pregnancy to reduce risks, and these results should be essential in establishing a protocol to be maintained during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Minervini
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Odontostomatological Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Manuele Basili
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata," Rome, Italy
| | - Rocco Franco
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata," Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizio Bollero
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata," Rome, Italy
| | - Maura Mancini
- Unit of Ophthalmology, Department of Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e Delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Lucia Gozzo
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Regional Pharmacovigilance Centre, University Hospital of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Luca Romano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Maddalena Marrapodi
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialist Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Gorassini
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, G. Martino Polyclinic, Messina, Italy
| | - Cesare D'Amico
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, G. Martino Polyclinic, Messina, Italy
| | - Eugenio Pedullà
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Luca Fiorillo
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Odontostomatological Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, G. Martino Polyclinic, Messina, Italy
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, India
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Rengo C, Valletta A, Liccardo D, Spagnuolo G, Corbi G, De Luca F, Lauria MR, Perrotta A, Rengo G, Ferrara N, Rengo S, Valletta R, Cannavo A. Healthy aging: when periodontal health matters. JOURNAL OF GERONTOLOGY AND GERIATRICS 2023. [DOI: 10.36150/2499-6564-n580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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Carmona Loayza DA, Lafebre MF. Periodontal disease and COVID-19: Prognosis and potential pathways of association in their pathogenesis. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL HYGIENE : CJDH = JOURNAL CANADIEN DE L'HYGIENE DENTAIRE : JCHD 2023; 57:44-51. [PMID: 36968799 PMCID: PMC10032643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Objective The objective of this narrative review is to determine if periodontal disease is a factor in the development of a poor prognosis for COVID-19. Method A bibliographic search was conducted in PubMed, Virtual Health Library, Google Scholar, and in the databases of Science Direct, Scopus, Lilacs, Bireme, Scielo, and Web of Science, using the following keywords: "COVID-19," "SARS-CoV-2," and "periodontal diseases." Results Fifty-six records were retrieved from the database searches. After screening, 39 articles were selected for study: 13 reviews, 2 case-control studies, 1 systematic review, 8 letters to the editor, 2 cohort studies, 1 thesis, 7 hypotheses, 1 short communication, 3 commentaries, and 1 scoping review. Discussion Both periodontal disease and COVID-19 produce an inflammatory response. This immune response generates an over-production of inflammatory cytokines that can harm overall health. Conclusion The mouth serves as the entryway for many microorganisms that can harm health in general, among them SARS-CoV-2. It is important to maintain good oral health to lower the inflammatory load present in periodontal disease, lessening the possibility of complications from COVID-19.
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Tsuchiya H. The Oral Cavity Potentially Serving as a Reservoir for SARS-CoV-2 but Not Necessarily Facilitating the Spread of COVID-19 in Dental Practice. Eur J Dent 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1757909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractIntraoral tissues, secretions, and microenvironments may provide severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with the conditions necessary for viral cellular entry and inhabitation. The aim of the present study is to overview the oral cavity that potentially serves as a reservoir for SARS-CoV-2, and then discuss the possibility that such oral cavity facilitates the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in dental practice. Articles were retrieved from PubMed/Medline, LitCovid, ProQuest, Google Scholar, and preprint medRxiv databases. Results of the literature search indicated that SARS-CoV-2 host cell entry-relevant receptor and virus/cell membrane fusion mediators are expressed in major and minor salivary glands, tongue, taste bud, periodontal tissue, and dental pulp, which would be a target and reservoir for SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2 is present in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid of COVID-19 patients. These secretions would contaminate dental aerosol and droplet with SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2 inhabits periodontal pocket, gingival sulcus, and dental caries lesion, which could provide SARS-CoV-2 with a habitat. SARS-CoV-2 ribonucleic acid is preserved in dental calculus, which may inform of the previous infection with SARS-CoV-2. Despite involvement of the oral cavity in SARS-CoV-2 transmission and infection, to date, there have been no clusters of COVID-19 in dental practice. Dental settings are much less likely to facilitate the spread of COVID-19 compared with general medical settings, which may be explained by the situation of dentistry that the number of patients to visit dental offices/clinics was decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic, the characteristics of dentistry that dental professionals have maintained high awareness of viral infection prevention, adhered to a strict protocol for infection control, and been using personal protective equipment for a long time, the experimental results that dental devices generate only small amounts of aerosol responsible for the airborne viral transmission, irrigant from the dental unit contributes to the aerosol microbiota much rather than saliva, and the commonly used evacuation or suction system effectively reduces aerosol and droplet generation, and the possibility that human saliva exhibits the antiviral activity and the property to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection. It is considered that dental treatment and oral health care can be delivered safely in the COVID-19 era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Tsuchiya
- Department of Dental Basic Education, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Mizuho, Gifu, Japan
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Wadhwa S, Dave S, Daily M, Nardone A, Li R, Rosario J, Cantos A, Shah J, Lu H, McMahon D, Yin M. The Role of Oral Health in the Acquisition and Severity of SARS-CoV-2: A Retrospective Chart Review. Saudi Dent J 2022; 34:596-603. [PMID: 35974970 PMCID: PMC9371763 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Studies have shown that gingival crevices may be a significant route for SARS-CoV-2 entry. However, the role of oral health in the acquisition and severity of COVID-19 is not known. Design A retrospective analysis was performed using electronic health record data from a large urban academic medical center between 12/1/2019 and 8/24/2020. A total of 387 COVID-19 positive cases were identified and matched 1:1 by age, sex, and race to 387 controls without COVID-19 diagnoses. Demographics, number of missing teeth and alveolar crestal height were determined from radiographs and medical/dental charts. In a subgroup of 107 cases and controls, we also examined the rate of change in alveolar crestal height. A conditional logistic regression model was utilized to assess association between alveolar crestal height and missing teeth with COVID-19 status and with hospitalization status among COVID-19 cases. Results Increased alveolar bone loss, OR = 4.302 (2.510 - 7.376), fewer missing teeth, OR = 0.897 (0.835-0.965) and lack of smoking history distinguished COVID-19 cases from controls. After adjusting for time between examinations, cases with COVID-19 had greater alveolar bone loss compared to controls (0.641 ± 0.613 mm vs 0.260 ± 0.631 mm, p < 0.01.) Among cases with COVID-19, increased number of missing teeth OR = 2.1871 (1.146- 4.174) was significantly associated with hospitalization. Conclusions Alveolar bone loss and missing teeth are positively associated with the acquisition and severity of COVID-19 disease, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Wadhwa
- Division of Growth and Development, Columbia University College of Dental Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - S. Dave
- Division of Growth and Development, Columbia University College of Dental Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - M.L. Daily
- Division of Growth and Development, Columbia University College of Dental Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - A. Nardone
- Division of Growth and Development, Columbia University College of Dental Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - R. Li
- Division of Growth and Development, Columbia University College of Dental Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - J. Rosario
- Division of Growth and Development, Columbia University College of Dental Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - A. Cantos
- Department of Medicine Infectious Disease, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - J. Shah
- Department of Medicine Infectious Disease, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - H.H. Lu
- Division of Growth and Development, Columbia University College of Dental Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - D.J. McMahon
- Department of Medicine Infectious Disease, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - M.T. Yin
- Department of Medicine Infectious Disease, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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Guardado-Luevanos I, Bologna-Molina R, Zepeda-Nuño JS, Isiordia-Espinoza M, Molina-Frechero N, González-González R, Pérez-Pérez M, López-Verdín S. Self-Reported Periodontal Disease and Its Association with SARS-CoV-2 Infection. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191610306. [PMID: 36011941 PMCID: PMC9407774 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Knowledge of the oral manifestations associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, the new coronavirus causing the COVID-19 pandemic, was hindered due to the restrictions issued to avoid proximity between people and to stop the rapid spread of the disease, which ultimately results in a hyperinflammatory cytokine storm that can cause death. Because periodontal disease is one of the most frequent inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity, various theories have emerged postulating periodontal disease as a risk factor for developing severe complications associated with COVID-19. This motivated various studies to integrate questions related to periodontal status. For the present work, we used a previously validated self-report, which is a useful tool for facilitating epidemiological studies of periodontal disease on a large scale. Methodology: A blinded case-control study with participants matched 1:1 by mean age (37.7 years), sex, tobacco habits and diseases was conducted. After the diagnostic samples for SARS-CoV-2 detection were taken in an ad hoc location at Guadalajara University, the subjects were interviewed using structured questionnaires to gather demographic, epidemiological and COVID-19 symptom information. The self-reported periodontal disease (Self-RPD) questionnaire included six questions, and subjects who met the criteria with a score ≥ 2 were considered to have periodontal disease. Results: In total, 369 participants were recruited, with 117 participants included in each group. After indicating the subjects who had self-reported periodontal disease, a statistically significant difference (p value ≤ 0.001) was observed, showing that self-reported periodontal disease (n = 95, 85.1%) was higher in SARS-CoV-2-positive individuals than in controls (n = 66, 56.4%), with an OR of 3.3 (1.8-6.0) for SARS-CoV-2 infection in people with self-reported periodontal disease. Cases reported a statistically higher median of symptoms (median = 7.0, Q1= 5.5, Q3 = 10.0) than controls (p value ≤ 0.01), and cases with positive self-RPD had a significantly (p value ≤ 0.05) higher number of symptoms (median = 8.0, Q1 = 6.0, Q3 = 10.0) in comparison with those who did negative self-RPD (median = 6.0, Q1 = 5.0, Q3 = 8.0). Conclusions: According to this study, self-reported periodontal disease could be considered a risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection, and these individuals present more symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Guardado-Luevanos
- Postgraduate in Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, Mexico
| | - Ronell Bologna-Molina
- Molecular Pathology Area, Faculty of Dentistry, Montevideo Republic University, Montevideo 11200, Uruguay
- Research Department, School of Dentistry, Juarez University of the State of Durango, Durango 34100, Mexico
| | - José Sergio Zepeda-Nuño
- Microbiology and Pathology Department, Pathology Laboratory, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, Mexico
| | - Mario Isiordia-Espinoza
- Clinical Department, Biomedical Science Division, Los Altos University Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, Mexico
| | - Nelly Molina-Frechero
- Health Care Department, Autonomous Metropolitan University, Mexico City 14387, Mexico
| | - Rogelio González-González
- Research Department, School of Dentistry, Juarez University of the State of Durango, Durango 34100, Mexico
| | - Mauricio Pérez-Pérez
- Periodontology Postgraduate, Comprehensive Dental Clinics Department, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, Mexico
| | - Sandra López-Verdín
- Research Institute of Dentistry, Comprehensive Dental Clinics Department, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, Mexico
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Stafie CS, Solomon SM, Sufaru IG, Manaila M, Stafie II, Melinte G, Simionescu B, Leustean L. Pathogenic Connections in Post-COVID Conditions: What Do We Know in the Large Unknown? A Narrative Review. Viruses 2022; 14:1686. [PMID: 36016309 PMCID: PMC9413998 DOI: 10.3390/v14081686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) disease has long-term effects, known as post-COVID conditions (PCC) or long-COVID. Post-COVID-19 syndrome is defined by signs and symptoms that occur during or after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection which persist for more than 12 weeks and cannot be supported by an alternative diagnosis. The cardiovascular damage caused by COVID-19 in the severe forms of the disease is induced by severe systemic inflammation, considered to be one of the causes of myocardial lesions, with increased levels of circulating cytokines and toxic response mediators. We have focused on conditions that can induce long-COVID-19, or multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults or children (MIS-C/MIS-A), with an emphasis on endocrinological and metabolic disorders. Although described less frequently in children than in adults, long-COVID syndrome should not be confused with MIS-C, which is an acute condition characterized by multisystem involvement and paraclinical evidence of inflammation in a pediatric patient who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. At the same time, we mention that the MIS-A symptoms remit within a few weeks, while the duration of long-COVID is measured in months. Long-COVID syndrome, along with its complications, MIS-A and MIS-C, represents an important challenge in the medical community. Underlying comorbidities can expose both COVID-19 adult and pediatric patients to a higher risk of negative outcomes not only during, but in the aftermath of the SARS-CoV-2 infection as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celina Silvia Stafie
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity—Family Medicine Discipline, Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Sorina Mihaela Solomon
- Department of Periodontology, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Irina-Georgeta Sufaru
- Department of Periodontology, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Maria Manaila
- Endocrinology Residency Program, Sf. Spiridon Clinical Emergency Hospital, Independentei, 1, 700111 Iasi, Romania; (M.M.); (I.I.S.); (G.M.)
| | - Ingrid Ioana Stafie
- Endocrinology Residency Program, Sf. Spiridon Clinical Emergency Hospital, Independentei, 1, 700111 Iasi, Romania; (M.M.); (I.I.S.); (G.M.)
| | - Gabriela Melinte
- Endocrinology Residency Program, Sf. Spiridon Clinical Emergency Hospital, Independentei, 1, 700111 Iasi, Romania; (M.M.); (I.I.S.); (G.M.)
| | - Bianca Simionescu
- Pediatric Clinic No. 2, Mother and Child Department, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Letitia Leustean
- Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
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Trukhan DI, Sulimov AF, Trukhan LY. Changes in the organs and tissues of the oral cavity in the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19): A review. CONSILIUM MEDICUM 2022. [DOI: 10.26442/20751753.2022.5.201755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause changes in the organs and tissues of the oral cavity, which is associated with a wide distribution of angiotensin-converting enzyme type 2 in the oral cavity, mainly epithelial cells of the oral mucosa, gums and fibroblasts of the periodontal ligament. Thus, the oral mucosa is susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection and may act as a gateway for the virus, as well as a reservoir for SARS-CoV-2. We searched the literature for the period from the beginning of the pandemic until May 30, 2022, devoted to the study of changes in the organs and tissues of the oral cavity with a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in the electronic search engines PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus. A special place in the study of changes in the organs and tissues of the oral cavity with a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) is occupied by periodontal pathology. A number of reviews and clinical studies conclude the importance of good oral hygiene and periodontal health as an important aspect of COVID-19 prevention and management. Oral probiotics can be considered as a promising direction for correcting changes in organs and tissues of the oral cavity in COVID-19.
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11
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Baima G, Marruganti C, Sanz M, Aimetti M, Romandini M. Periodontitis and COVID-19: Biological Mechanisms and Meta-analyses of Epidemiological Evidence. J Dent Res 2022; 101:1430-1440. [PMID: 35774019 DOI: 10.1177/00220345221104725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the beginning of 2020, the entire global health care system has been severely challenged by the outbreak of coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19). Robust evidence has demonstrated a more severe course of COVID-19 in the presence of several comorbidities, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, and obesity. Here, we critically appraise the recent research discoveries linking periodontitis to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and to severe COVID-19, with a special focus on the associated biological mechanisms and the available epidemiological evidence. SARS-CoV-2 main receptors and coreceptors (ACE2, TMPRSS2, furin, CD147) are overexpressed in periodontal tissues of periodontitis patients, with inflammation, periodontal pathogens, and damage-induced pyroptosis triggering a positive feedback loop. However, meta-analyses of epidemiological studies only indicated a nonstatistically significant tendency for an increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in subjects with periodontitis (odds ratio [OR] = 1.69; 95% CI, 0.91-3.13, P = 0.09). Furthermore, periodontitis may worsen clinical COVID-19 courses through multiple direct and indirect pathways, including damage to lower airways due to aspiration of periodontal pathogens, exacerbation of the cytokine storm via the low-grade chronic systemic inflammation, and SARS-CoV-2 dissemination through the ulcerated gingival epithelium with consequent induced pulmonary vessels vasculopathy. Indeed, meta-analyses of epidemiological studies indicated that periodontitis subjects are more likely to experience a more severe course of COVID-19. Specifically, periodontitis was associated with a 4-fold increased odds of hospitalization (OR = 4.72; 95% CI, 1.11-20.03, P = 0.04), 6-fold of requiring assisted ventilation (OR = 6.24; 95% CI, 2.78-14.02, P = 0.00), and more than 7-fold of death due to COVID-19 complications (OR = 7.51; 95% CI, 2.16-26.10, P = 0.00). The breakthrough analyzed here emphasizes the relevance of the mouth-systemic connection as a target to mitigate the current COVID-19 emergency and the future predicted coronavirus pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Baima
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - C Marruganti
- Unit of Periodontology, Endodontology and Restorative Dentistry, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Sub-Unit of Periodontology, Halitosis and Periodontal Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Sanz
- Section of Post-Graduate Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Aimetti
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - M Romandini
- Section of Post-Graduate Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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12
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Mishra S, Gupta V, Rahman W, Gazala MP, Anil S. Association between Periodontitis and COVID-19 Based on Severity Scores of HRCT Chest Scans. Dent J (Basel) 2022; 10:dj10060106. [PMID: 35735648 PMCID: PMC9222103 DOI: 10.3390/dj10060106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: A relationship between periodontitis and COVID-19 may exist, as highlighted by several hypothetical models. However, the evidence is limited. Hence, the present study was conducted to determine whether an association exists between periodontitis and COVID-19. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with patients diagnosed with COVID-19 who were divided into three groups—mild, moderate, and severe COVID-19—based on the COVID-19 severity score of high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) chest scans. Periodontal parameters—including the plaque index (PI), ratio of sites with gingival bleeding (BOP), pocket depth (PD), gingival recession (REC), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and mean numbers of mobile and missing teeth due to periodontitis—were recorded for all three groups. Statistical analyses were applied to the data. Results: Of 294 patients with COVID-19, approximately 50.68% (n = 149) had periodontitis, and the highest percentage (87.5%) was reported in the severe COVID-19 group. Additionally, severe and advanced stages of periodontitis (stage III–IV) were found to be significantly more frequent in subjects with severe COVID-19 than in the other two groups. The HRCT severity score (CT-SS) was moderately correlated with increased levels of periodontal parameters. Conclusions: Results of logistic regression analyses showed that the probability of developing severe COVID-19 was 2.81 times higher in patients with periodontitis. An association exists between periodontitis and severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Mishra
- Department of Periodontics, Government Dental College and Hospital, Raipur 492001, India; (S.M.); (V.G.); (W.R.); (M.P.G.)
| | - Vineeta Gupta
- Department of Periodontics, Government Dental College and Hospital, Raipur 492001, India; (S.M.); (V.G.); (W.R.); (M.P.G.)
| | - Waheda Rahman
- Department of Periodontics, Government Dental College and Hospital, Raipur 492001, India; (S.M.); (V.G.); (W.R.); (M.P.G.)
| | - M. P. Gazala
- Department of Periodontics, Government Dental College and Hospital, Raipur 492001, India; (S.M.); (V.G.); (W.R.); (M.P.G.)
| | - Sukumaran Anil
- Department of Dentistry, Oral Health Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
- College of Dental Medicine, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: 974-50406670
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13
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Mancini L, Americo LM, Pizzolante T, Donati R, Marchetti E. Impact of COVID-19 on Periodontitis and Peri-Implantitis: A Narrative Review. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2022; 3:822824. [PMID: 35224542 PMCID: PMC8866640 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2022.822824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is reported as one of the most widespread diseases in the world. An extraordinary number of articles and manuscripts have focused on the inflammatory cascade and sequelae, showing the important roles of cytokines and renin-angiotensin levels and possible links to other pathologies. Nowadays, interest regarding the possible correlation between COVID-19 and periodontal and Peri-implant diseases is increasing. This mini-review aims to collect data regarding the possible correlation between COVID-19 and periodontitis or Peri-implantitis through the analysis of articles published in the last 3 years. The following keywords were used: ([periodontitis OR periodontal disease] AND [COVID-19]); ([Peri-implantitis OR mucositis] AND [COVID-19 OR Sars-CoV-2]). The inclusion criteria were studies on COVID-19 or SARS-CoV-2 and periodontitis or Peri-implantitis, and studies on the molecular and cellular aspect of COVID-19 in periodontal or Peri-implant tissues. The search revealed 484 articles in total (PubMed 208 and Scopus 276). After a screening of titles and abstracts, 47 articles were included in the full-text analysis. Two articles comprised the Peri-implant group: a short communication and a review. Regarding the periodontal group, 45 articles were selected and analyzed according to the type of study, population, and aim. Of these, 10 articles were clinical studies, and the other 35 were hypotheses, reviews, letters to the editor, or commentaries. In conclusion, according to the data extracted, a mutual correlation between COVID-19 and periodontitis can be stated; however, data linked to Peri-implantitis are still missing, and future clinical studies are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Mancini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
- PerioAQ Group, Clinica Odontoiatrica Delta Sei, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Maria Americo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
- PerioAQ Group, Clinica Odontoiatrica Delta Sei, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Tommaso Pizzolante
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
- PerioAQ Group, Clinica Odontoiatrica Delta Sei, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Raffaele Donati
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Enrico Marchetti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
- PerioAQ Group, Clinica Odontoiatrica Delta Sei, L'Aquila, Italy
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14
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Fitero A, Bungau SG, Tit DM, Endres L, Khan SA, Bungau AF, Romanul I, Vesa CM, Radu AF, Tarce AG, Bogdan MA, Nechifor AC, Negrut N. Comorbidities, Associated Diseases, and Risk Assessment in COVID-19-A Systematic Review. Int J Clin Pract 2022; 2022:1571826. [PMID: 36406478 PMCID: PMC9640235 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1571826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
It is considered that COVID-19's pandemic expansion is responsible for the particular increase in deaths, especially among the population with comorbidities. The health system is often overwhelmed by the large number of cases of patients addressing it, by the regional limitation of funds, and by the gravity of cases at subjects suffering from this pathology. Several associated conditions including diabetes, cardiovascular illnesses, obesity, persistent lung condition, neurodegenerative diseases, etc., increase the mortality risk and hospitalization of subjects suffering from COVID-19. The rapid identification of patients with increased risk of death from the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the stratification in accordance with the risk and the allocation of human, financial, and logistical resources in proportion must be a priority for health systems worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Fitero
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea 410073, Romania
| | - Simona Gabriela Bungau
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea 410073, Romania
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea 410028, Romania
| | - Delia Mirela Tit
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea 410073, Romania
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea 410028, Romania
| | - Laura Endres
- Department of Psycho-Neuroscience and Recovery, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea 410073, Romania
| | - Shamim Ahmad Khan
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea 410073, Romania
| | | | - Ioana Romanul
- Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea 410073, Romania
| | - Cosmin Mihai Vesa
- Department of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea 410073, Romania
| | - Andrei-Flavius Radu
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea 410028, Romania
- Department of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea 410073, Romania
| | | | - Mihaela Alexandra Bogdan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea 410028, Romania
| | - Aurelia Cristina Nechifor
- Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Department, Polytechnic University of Bucharest, Bucharest 011061, Romania
| | - Nicoleta Negrut
- Department of Psycho-Neuroscience and Recovery, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea 410073, Romania
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