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Rawat A, Chauhan S, Monika, Singh RP, Gupta S, Jhawat V. Preclinical pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of curcumin tagged cilostazol nanodispersion for the management of diabetic nephropathy in wister rat model. In Silico Pharmacol 2024; 12:81. [PMID: 39233909 PMCID: PMC11368884 DOI: 10.1007/s40203-024-00256-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the therapeutic potential of curcumin tagged cilostazol solid nano dispersion in wistar rat streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetic nephropathy. Cilostazol (CLT), a Phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor has an inhibitory effect on reactive oxygen species (ROS), and Curcumin (Cur), an antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory, are water-soluble. Solid Nano dispersions were developed using the "Box-Behnken Design" and emulsion solvent evaporation procedure to improve the solubility and bioavailability. Streptozotocin (SPZ) and Nicotinamide (NA) caused diabetes in Wistar rats. DN developed 30-45 days after disease induction. All rat groups underwent histological, biochemical and pharmacokinetic evaluation. The optimized batch of Cilostazol Loaded Novel Curcumin Tagged Solid Nanodispersion (CLT-15 SND) estimated renal, lipid, and cytokine profiles better than the conventional batch. CLT-15 SND, given orally to diabetic rats for 45 days, significantly lowered fasting BGL and IL-6 levels and improved lipid and kidney-profile markers and body weight compared to plain Cilostazol Loaded Solid Nanodispersion (CLT-15 WC SND). CLT-15 SND treatment groups showed decreased blood glucose by 3.38 and 9.71 percent, increased body weight by 2.81 and 5.27 percent, improved Interleukin-6 (IL-6) by 21.36 and 18.36 percent, improved urine albumin levels by 5.67 and 14.19 percent and creatinine levels by 3.125 and 37.5 percent, improved serum urea by 30.48 percent, increased serum albumin by 2.59 and 11.18 percent, and decreased creatinine and 5.03 and 8.12 percent, respectively as compared to CLT-15 WC and MP treatment animal groups. CLT and Cur reduced IL-6, kidney, and lipid markers, demonstrating their renoprotective and pancreas-protective effects. CLT and Cur's inhibition may be the mechanism. Graphical abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruna Rawat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Medical and Allied Science, GD Goenka University, Gurugram, Haryana India
| | - Samrat Chauhan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab India
| | - Monika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Medical and Allied Science, GD Goenka University, Gurugram, Haryana India
| | - Rahul Pratap Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Medical and Allied Science, GD Goenka University, Gurugram, Haryana India
| | - Sumeet Gupta
- Department of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be) University, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana India
| | - Vikas Jhawat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Medical and Allied Science, GD Goenka University, Gurugram, Haryana India
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Putkaradze N, Dato L, Kırtel O, Hansen J, Welner DH. Enzymatic glycosylation of aloesone performed by plant UDP-dependent glycosyltransferases. Glycobiology 2024; 34:cwae050. [PMID: 38995933 PMCID: PMC11273223 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwae050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Aloesone is a bioactive natural product and biosynthetic precursor of rare glucosides found in rhubarb and some aloe plants including Aloe vera. This study aimed to investigate biocatalytic aloesone glycosylation and more than 400 uridine diphosphate-dependent glycosyltransferase (UGT) candidates, including multifunctional and promiscuous enzymes from a variety of plant species were assayed. As a result, 137 selective aloesone UGTs were discovered, including four from the natural producer rhubarb. Rhubarb UGT72B49 was further studied and its catalytic constants (kcat = 0.00092 ± 0.00003 s-1, KM = 30 ± 2.5 μM) as well as temperature and pH optima (50 °C and pH 7, respectively) were determined. We further aimed to find an efficient aloesone glycosylating enzyme with potential application for biocatalytic production of the glucoside. We discovered UGT71C1 from Arabidopsis thaliana as an efficient aloesone UGT showing a 167-fold higher catalytic efficiency compared to that of UGT72B49. Interestingly, sequence analysis of all the 137 newly identified aloesone UGTs showed that they belong to different phylogenetic groups, with the highest representation in groups B, D, E, F and L. Finally, our study indicates that aloesone C-glycosylation is highly specific and rare, since it was not possible to achieve in an efficient manner with any of the 422 UGTs assayed, including multifunctional GTs and 28 known C-UGTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Putkaradze
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads 220, Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Laura Dato
- River Stone Biotech ISG, Fruebjergvej 3, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Onur Kırtel
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads 220, Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Hansen
- River Stone Biotech ISG, Fruebjergvej 3, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Ditte Hededam Welner
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads 220, Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
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Kane J, Vos WG, Bosmans LA, van Os BW, den Toom M, Hoeksema‐Hackmann S, Moen‐de Wit D, Gijbels MJ, Beckers L, Grefhorst A, Levels JHM, Jakulj L, Vervloet MG, Lutgens E, Eringa EC. Peritoneal Dialysis Aggravates and Accelerates Atherosclerosis in Uremic ApoE-/- Mice. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e034066. [PMID: 38979792 PMCID: PMC11292770 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.034066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis is highly prevalent in people with chronic kidney disease (CKD), including those receiving peritoneal dialysis (PD). Although it is lifesaving, PD induces profound systemic inflammation, which may aggravate atherosclerosis. Therefore, the hypothesis is that this PD-induced inflammation aggravates atherosclerosis via immune cell activation. METHODS AND RESULTS ApoE-/- mice were subjected to a 5/6 nephrectomy to induce CKD. Three weeks later, mice were fed a high-cholesterol diet. Half of the nephrectomized mice then received daily peritoneal infusions of 3.86% Physioneal for 67 further days (CKD+PD) until the end of the experiment, and were compared with mice without CKD. Sham operated and PD-only mice were additional controls. CKD+PD mice displayed more severe atherosclerotic disease than control mice. Plaque area increased, and plaques were more advanced with a vulnerable phenotype typified by decreased collagen content and decreased fibrous cap thickness. Increased CD3+ T-cell numbers were present in plaques and perivascular adipose tissue of CKD and CKD+PD mice. Plaques of CKD+PD mice contained more iNOS+ immune cells. Spleens of CKD+PD mice showed more CD4+ central memory, terminally differentiated type 1 T-helper (Th1), Th17, and CX3C motif chemokine receptor 1+ (CX3CR1) CD4+ T-cells with less regulatory and effector T-cells. CONCLUSIONS PD-fluid exposure in uremic mice potentiates systemic and vascular T-cell-driven inflammation and aggravates atherosclerosis. PD polarized CD4+ T-cells toward an inflammatory Th1/Th17 phenotype, and increased CX3CR1+ CD4+ T-cells, which are associated with vascular homing in CKD-associated atherosclerosis. Targeting CD4+ T-cell activation and CX3CR1+ polarization has the potential to attenuate atherosclerosis in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Kane
- Department of Nephrology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular SciencesAmsterdam University Medical CentreAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular SciencesAmsterdam University Medical CentreAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Immunity and InfectionAmsterdam University Medical CentreAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Winnie G. Vos
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Immunity and InfectionAmsterdam University Medical CentreAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Laura A. Bosmans
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Immunity and InfectionAmsterdam University Medical CentreAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular SciencesAmsterdam University Medical CentreAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Bram W. van Os
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Immunity and InfectionAmsterdam University Medical CentreAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Myrthe den Toom
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Immunity and InfectionAmsterdam University Medical CentreAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | | | - Denise Moen‐de Wit
- Animal Research Institute AMCAmsterdam University Medical CentreAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Marion J. Gijbels
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Immunity and InfectionAmsterdam University Medical CentreAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM)Maastricht University Medical CentreMaastrichtthe Netherlands
| | - Linda Beckers
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Immunity and InfectionAmsterdam University Medical CentreAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Aldo Grefhorst
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular SciencesAmsterdam University Medical CentreAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Johannes H. M. Levels
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular SciencesAmsterdam University Medical CentreAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Lily Jakulj
- Department of Nephrology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular SciencesAmsterdam University Medical CentreAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Dianet Dialysis Centre AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Marc G. Vervloet
- Department of Nephrology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular SciencesAmsterdam University Medical CentreAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Department of NephrologyRadboud University Medical CentreNijmegenthe Netherlands
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and ImmunologyMayo ClinicRochesterMN
| | - Etto C. Eringa
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular SciencesAmsterdam University Medical CentreAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Department of PhysiologyMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtthe Netherlands
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Rodrigues CM, Bento CC, Moraes CB, Gomes C, Ioshino RS, Freitas-Junior LH, de Castro Spadari C, Ishida K, Vilegas W, Carvalho JCS, Ferreira MJP, Carbone V, Piacente S, Molina de Angelo R, Honorio KM, Sannomiya M. A potential antiviral against COVID-19 obtained from Byrsonima coccolobifolia leaves extract. Fitoterapia 2024; 173:105820. [PMID: 38211642 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.105820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we specifically focused on the crude methanolic leaf extract of Byrsonima coccolobifolia, investigating its antifungal potential against human pathogenic fungi and its antiviral activity against COVID-19. Through the use of high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization ion trap tandem mass spectrometry, direct infusion electrospray ionization ion trap tandem mass spectrometry, and chromatographic dereplication procedures, we identified galloyl quinic acid derivatives, catechin derivatives, proanthocyanidins, and flavonoid glycosides. The broth dilution assay revealed that the methanolic leaf extract of B. coccolobifolia exhibits antifungal activity against Cryptococcus neoformans (IC50 = 4 μg/mL). Additionally, docking studies were conducted to elucidate the interactions between the identified compounds and the central residues at the binding site of biological targets associated with COVID-19. Furthermore, the extract demonstrated an in vitro half-maximum effective concentration (EC50 = 7 μg/mL) and exhibited significant selectivity (>90%) toward SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clenilson Martins Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Biomass and Biofuels, Embrapa Agronergy, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Carolina Borsoi Moraes
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Cecilia Gomes
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; Municipal University of Sao Caetano do Sul (USCS), Campus Centro, 09521-160, Sao Caetano, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafaella Sayuri Ioshino
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucio H Freitas-Junior
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristina de Castro Spadari
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Kelly Ishida
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Wagner Vilegas
- Institute of Biosciences, UNESP - Sao Paulo State University, Sao Vicente, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Virginia Carbone
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Food Sciences (CNR-ISA), Avellino, Italy
| | - Sonia Piacente
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II n. 132, I-84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | | | - Kathia Maria Honorio
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Miriam Sannomiya
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Chiyyeadu A, Asgedom G, Bruhn M, Rocha C, Schlegel TU, Neumann T, Galla M, Vollmer Barbosa P, Hoffmann M, Ehrhardt K, Ha TC, Morgan M, Schoeder CT, Pöhlmann S, Kalinke U, Schambach A. A tetravalent bispecific antibody outperforms the combination of its parental antibodies and neutralizes diverse SARS-CoV-2 variants. Clin Immunol 2024; 260:109902. [PMID: 38218210 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2024.109902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
The devastating impact of COVID-19 on global health shows the need to increase our pandemic preparedness. Recombinant therapeutic antibodies were successfully used to treat and protect at-risk patients from COVID-19. However, the currently circulating Omicron subvariants of SARS-CoV-2 are largely resistant to therapeutic antibodies, and novel approaches to generate broadly neutralizing antibodies are urgently needed. Here, we describe a tetravalent bispecific antibody, A7A9 TVB, which actively neutralized many SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, including early Omicron subvariants. Interestingly, A7A9 TVB neutralized more variants at lower concentration as compared to the combination of its parental monoclonal antibodies, A7K and A9L. A7A9 also reduced the viral load of authentic Omicron BA.1 virus in infected pseudostratified primary human nasal epithelial cells. Overall, A7A9 displayed the characteristics of a potent broadly neutralizing antibody, which may be suitable for prophylactic and therapeutic applications in the clinics, thus highlighting the usefulness of an effective antibody-designing approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Chiyyeadu
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; REBIRTH Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Girmay Asgedom
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Matthias Bruhn
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and the Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Cheila Rocha
- German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; Faculty of Biology and Psychology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tom U Schlegel
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Neumann
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Melanie Galla
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; REBIRTH Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Philippe Vollmer Barbosa
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; REBIRTH Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Markus Hoffmann
- German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; Faculty of Biology and Psychology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katrin Ehrhardt
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Teng-Cheong Ha
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; REBIRTH Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Morgan
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; REBIRTH Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Clara T Schoeder
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Pöhlmann
- German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; Faculty of Biology and Psychology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kalinke
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and the Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Axel Schambach
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; REBIRTH Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America.
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Leng B, Jiang H, Wang B, Wang J, Luo G. Deep-Orga: An improved deep learning-based lightweight model for intestinal organoid detection. Comput Biol Med 2024; 169:107847. [PMID: 38141452 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
PROBLEM Organoids are 3D cultures that are commonly used for biological and medical research in vitro due to their functional and structural similarity to source organs. The development of organoids can be assessed by morphological tests. However, manual analysis of organoid morphology requires intensive labor from professionals and is prone to observer discrepancies. AIM Computer-assisted methods alleviate the pressure of manual labor, especially with the development of deep learning, the performance of morphological detection has been further improved. The aim of this paper is to automate the assessment of organoid morphology using deep learning techniques to reduce the labor pressure of professionals. METHODS Based on the lightweight model YOLOX, a lightweight intestinal organoid detection model named Deep-Orga is proposed. First, the performance of the Deep-Orga model is compared with other classical models on the intestinal organoids dataset. Then, ablation experiments are used to validate the improvement of the model detection performance by the improved module. Finally, Deep-Orga is compared with other methods. RESULTS Deep-Orga achieves optimal organoid detection with a partial increase in computational effort. Using Deep-Orga to replace the manual analysis process provides a new automated method for organoid morphology evaluation. CONCLUSION Deep-Orga proposed in this paper is able to accurately assess organoid development, effectively relieving the labor pressure of professionals and avoiding the subjectivity of assessment. This paper demonstrates the potential application of deep learning in the field of organoid morphology analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Leng
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China; Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215163, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Jiang
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China; Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215163, People's Republic of China
| | - Bidou Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China; Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215163, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinxian Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China; Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215163, People's Republic of China.
| | - Gangyin Luo
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China; Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215163, People's Republic of China.
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Yatsenko T, Rios R, Nogueira T, Salama Y, Takahashi S, Tabe Y, Naito T, Takahashi K, Hattori K, Heissig B. Urokinase-type plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 complex as a serum biomarker for COVID-19. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1299792. [PMID: 38313435 PMCID: PMC10835145 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1299792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) have an increased risk of thrombosis and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Thrombosis is often attributed to increases in plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and a shut-down of fibrinolysis (blood clot dissolution). Decreased urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), a protease necessary for cell-associated plasmin generation, and increased tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) and PAI-1 levels have been reported in COVID-19 patients. Because these factors can occur in free and complexed forms with differences in their biological functions, we examined the predictive impact of uPA, tPA, and PAI-1 in their free forms and complexes as a biomarker for COVID-19 severity and the development of ARDS. In this retrospective study of 69 Japanese adults hospitalized with COVID-19 and 20 healthy donors, we found elevated free, non-complexed PAI-1 antigen, low circulating uPA, and uPA/PAI-1 but not tPA/PAI-1 complex levels to be associated with COVID-19 severity and ARDS development. This biomarker profile was typical for patients in the complicated phase. Lack of PAI-1 activity in circulation despite free, non-complexed PAI-1 protein and plasmin/α2anti-plasmin complex correlated with suPAR and sVCAM levels, markers indicating endothelial dysfunction. Furthermore, uPA/PAI-1 complex levels positively correlated with TNFα, a cytokine reported to trigger inflammatory cell death and tissue damage. Those levels also positively correlated with lymphopenia and the pro-inflammatory factors interleukin1β (IL1β), IL6, and C-reactive protein, markers associated with the anti-viral inflammatory response. These findings argue for using uPA and uPA/PAI-1 as novel biomarkers to detect patients at risk of developing severe COVID-19, including ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetiana Yatsenko
- Department of Research Support Utilizing Bioresource Bank, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Enzymes Chemistry and Biochemistry, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry of the National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Ricardo Rios
- Institute of Computing, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Nogueira
- Institute of Computing, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Yousef Salama
- An-Najah Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Satoshi Takahashi
- Division of Clinical Precision Research Platform, the Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Tabe
- Department of Research Support Utilizing Bioresource Bank, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshio Naito
- Department of Research Support Utilizing Bioresource Bank, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Takahashi
- Department of Research Support Utilizing Bioresource Bank, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Clinical Precision Research Platform, the Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Hattori
- Center for Genome and Regenerative Medicine, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, the Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Beate Heissig
- Department of Research Support Utilizing Bioresource Bank, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Fu Z, Wang Z, Clemente K, Jaisinghani M, Poon KMT, Yeo AWT, Ang GL, Liew A, Lim CK, Foo MWY, Chow WL, Ta WA. Development and deployment of a nationwide predictive model for chronic kidney disease progression in diabetic patients. FRONTIERS IN NEPHROLOGY 2024; 3:1237804. [PMID: 38260055 PMCID: PMC10800693 DOI: 10.3389/fneph.2023.1237804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Aim Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major complication of diabetes and a significant disease burden on the healthcare system. The aim of this work was to apply a predictive model to identify high-risk patients in the early stages of CKD as a means to provide early intervention to avert or delay kidney function deterioration. Materials and methods Using the data from the National Diabetes Database in Singapore, we applied a machine-learning algorithm to develop a predictive model for CKD progression in diabetic patients and to deploy the model nationwide. Results Our model was rigorously validated. It outperformed existing models and clinician predictions. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of our model is 0.88, with the 95% confidence interval being 0.87 to 0.89. In recognition of its higher and consistent accuracy and clinical usefulness, our CKD model became the first clinical model deployed nationwide in Singapore and has been incorporated into a national program to engage patients in long-term care plans in battling chronic diseases. The risk score generated by the model stratifies patients into three risk levels, which are embedded into the Diabetes Patient Dashboard for clinicians and care managers who can then allocate healthcare resources accordingly. Conclusion This project provided a successful example of how an artificial intelligence (AI)-based model can be adopted to support clinical decision-making nationwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyan Fu
- Integrated Health Information Systems (IHIS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhiyu Wang
- Integrated Health Information Systems (IHIS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Karen Clemente
- Integrated Health Information Systems (IHIS), Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | | | - Gia Lee Ang
- Integrated Health Information Systems (IHIS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Adrian Liew
- Mount Elizabeth Novena Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chee Kong Lim
- National Health Group Polyclinics, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Wai Leng Chow
- Epidemiology and Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wee An Ta
- Integrated Health Information Systems (IHIS), Singapore, Singapore
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Codognoto VM, de Souza FF, Cataldi TR, Labate CA, de Camargo LS, Scott C, da Rosa Filho RR, de Carvalho NAT, Oba E. Uterine secretome: What do the proteins say about maternal-fetal communication in buffaloes? J Proteomics 2024; 290:105023. [PMID: 37838095 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2023.105023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim was to compare the UF proteomics of pregnant and non-pregnant buffalo during early pregnancy. Forty-four females were submitted to hormonal estrus synchronization and randomly divided into two groups: pregnant (n = 30) and non-pregnant (n = 14). The pregnant group was artificially inseminated and divided into a further two groups: P12 (n = 15) and P18 (n = 15). Conceptus and uterine fluid samples were collected during slaughter at, respectively, 12 and 18 days after insemination. Of all the inseminated females, only eight animals in each group were pregnant, which reduced the sample of the groups to P12 (n = 8) and P18 (n = 8). The non-pregnant group was also re-divided into two groups at the end of synchronization: NP12 (n = 7) and NP18 (n = 7). The UF samples were processed for proteomic analysis. The results were submitted to multivariate and univariate analysis. A total of 1068 proteins were found in the uterine fluid in both groups. Our results describe proteins involved in the conceptus elongation and maternal recognition of pregnancy, and their action was associated with cell growth, endometrial remodeling, and modulation of immune and antioxidant protection, mechanisms necessary for embryonic maintenance in the uterine environment. SIGNIFICANCE: Uterine fluid is a substance synthesized and secreted by the endometrium that plays essential roles during pregnancy in ruminants, contributing significantly to embryonic development. Understanding the functions that the proteins present in the UF perform during early pregnancy, a period marked by embryonic implantation, and maternal recognition of pregnancy is of fundamental importance to understanding the mechanisms necessary for the maintenance of pregnancy. The present study characterized and compared the UF proteome at the beginning of pregnancy in pregnant and non-pregnant buffaloes to correlate the functions of the proteins and the stage of development of the conceptus and unravel their processes in maternal recognition of pregnancy. The proteins found were involved in cell growth and endometrial remodeling, in addition to acting in the immunological protection of the conceptus and performing antioxidant actions necessary for establishing a pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Maria Codognoto
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Ferreira de Souza
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thais Regiani Cataldi
- Laboratório Max Feffer de Genética de Plantas, Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Labate
- Laboratório Max Feffer de Genética de Plantas, Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Laíza Sartori de Camargo
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caroline Scott
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberto Rodrigues da Rosa Filho
- Department of Animal Reproduction - School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, campus São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nélcio Antonio Tonizza de Carvalho
- Research and Development Unit of Registro / Diversified Animal Science Research Center / Institute of Animal Science, Registro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eunice Oba
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Rahman MN, Barua N, Tin MC, Dharmaratne P, Wong SH, Ip M. The use of probiotics and prebiotics in decolonizing pathogenic bacteria from the gut; a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical outcomes. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2356279. [PMID: 38778521 PMCID: PMC11123511 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2356279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Repeated exposure to antibiotics and changes in the diet and environment shift the gut microbial diversity and composition, making the host susceptible to pathogenic infection. The emergence and ongoing spread of AMR pathogens is a challenging public health issue. Recent evidence showed that probiotics and prebiotics may play a role in decolonizing drug-resistant pathogens by enhancing the colonization resistance in the gut. This review aims to analyze available evidence from human-controlled trials to determine the effect size of probiotic interventions in decolonizing AMR pathogenic bacteria from the gut. We further studied the effects of prebiotics in human and animal studies. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and CINAHL were used to collect articles. The random-effects model meta-analysis was used to pool the data. GRADE Pro and Cochrane collaboration tools were used to assess the bias and quality of evidence. Out of 1395 citations, 29 RCTs were eligible, involving 2871 subjects who underwent either probiotics or placebo treatment to decolonize AMR pathogens. The persistence of pathogenic bacteria after treatment was 22%(probiotics) and 30.8%(placebo). The pooled odds ratio was 0.59(95% CI:0.43-0.81), favoring probiotics with moderate certainty (p = 0.0001) and low heterogeneity (I2 = 49.2%, p = 0.0001). The funnel plot showed no asymmetry in the study distribution (Kendall'sTau = -1.06, p = 0.445). In subgroup, C. difficile showed the highest decolonization (82.4%) in probiotics group. Lactobacillus-based probiotics and Saccharomyces boulardii decolonize 71% and 77% of pathogens effectively. The types of probiotics (p < 0.018) and pathogens (p < 0.02) significantly moderate the outcome of decolonization, whereas the dosages and regions of the studies were insignificant (p < 0.05). Prebiotics reduced the pathogens from 30% to 80% of initial challenges. Moderate certainty of evidence suggests that probiotics and prebiotics may decolonize pathogens through modulation of gut diversity. However, more clinical outcomes are required on particular strains to confirm the decolonization of the pathogens. Protocol registration: PROSPERO (ID = CRD42021276045).
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Nannur Rahman
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sha Tin, N.T., Hong Kong (SAR), China
- Department of Food Technology and Nutritional Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh
| | - Nilakshi Barua
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sha Tin, N.T., Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - Martha C.F. Tin
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College of London, London, UK
| | - Priyanga Dharmaratne
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sha Tin, N.T., Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - Sunny H. Wong
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Margaret Ip
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sha Tin, N.T., Hong Kong (SAR), China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
- Centre for Gut Microbiota, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sha Tin, N.T., Hong Kong (SAR), China
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11
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Zvejniece L, Svalbe B, Vavers E, Ozola M, Grinberga S, Gukalova B, Sevostjanovs E, Liepinsh E, Dambrova M. Decreased long-chain acylcarnitine content increases mitochondrial coupling efficiency and prevents ischemia-induced brain damage in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115803. [PMID: 37924790 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-chain acylcarnitines (LCACs) are intermediates of fatty acid oxidation and are known to exert detrimental effects on mitochondria. This study aimed to test whether lowering LCAC levels with the anti-ischemia compound 4-[ethyl(dimethyl)ammonio]butanoate (methyl-GBB) protects brain mitochondrial function and improves neurological outcomes after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). The effects of 14 days of pretreatment with methyl-GBB (5 mg/kg, p.o.) on brain acylcarnitine (short-, long- and medium-chain) concentrations and brain mitochondrial function were evaluated in Wistar rats. Additionally, the mitochondrial respiration and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production rates were determined using ex vivo high-resolution fluorespirometry under normal conditions, in models of ischemia-reperfusion injury (reverse electron transfer and anoxia-reoxygenation) and 24 h after MCAO. MCAO model rats underwent vibrissae-evoked forelimb-placing and limb-placing tests to assess neurological function. The infarct volume was measured on day 7 after MCAO using 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. Treatment with methyl-GBB significantly reduced the LCAC content in brain tissue, which decreased the ROS production rate without affecting the respiration rate, indicating an increase in mitochondrial coupling. Furthermore, methyl-GBB treatment protected brain mitochondria against anoxia-reoxygenation injury. In addition, treatment with methyl-GBB significantly reduced the infarct size and improved neurological outcomes after MCAO. Increased mitochondrial coupling efficiency may be the basis for the neuroprotective effects of methyl-GBB. This study provides evidence that maintaining brain energy metabolism by lowering the levels of LCACs protects against ischemia-induced brain damage in experimental stroke models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liga Zvejniece
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia.
| | - Baiba Svalbe
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
| | - Edijs Vavers
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
| | - Melita Ozola
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Solveiga Grinberga
- Laboratory of Physical Organic Chemistry, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
| | - Baiba Gukalova
- Laboratory of Physical Organic Chemistry, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Eduards Sevostjanovs
- Laboratory of Physical Organic Chemistry, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
| | - Edgars Liepinsh
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
| | - Maija Dambrova
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
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Mahalapbutr P, Sabuakham S, Nasoontorn S, Rungrotmongkol T, Silsirivanit A, Suriya U. Discovery of amphotericin B, an antifungal drug as tyrosinase inhibitor with potent anti-melanogenic activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 246:125587. [PMID: 37379954 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosinase, a rate-limiting enzyme for melanin production, has been the most efficient target for the development of depigmenting agents. Although hydroquinone, kojic acid, and arbutin are the most well-known tyrosinase inhibitors, their adverse effects are inevitable. In the present study, an in silico drug repositioning combined with experimental validation was performed to search for novel potent tyrosinase inhibitors. Docking-based virtual screening results revealed that, among the 3210 FDA-approved drugs available in the ZINC database, amphotericin B, an antifungal drug exhibited the highest binding efficiency against human tyrosinase. Results from tyrosinase inhibition assay demonstrated that amphotericin B could inhibit the activity of mushroom and cellular tyrosinases, especially from MNT-1 human melanoma cells. Molecular modeling results revealed that amphotericin B/human tyrosinase complex exhibited high stability in an aqueous environment. Melanin assay results demonstrated that amphotericin B significantly suppressed melanin production in α-MSH-induced B16F10 murine melanoma and MNT-1 human melanoma cell lines better than the known inhibitor, kojic acid. Mechanistically, amphotericin B treatment significantly activated ERK and Akt signaling pathways, resulting in the decreased expression of MITF and tyrosinase. The obtained results may pursue pre-clinical and clinical studies to examine the possibility of using amphotericin B as an alternative treatment for hyperpigmentation disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panupong Mahalapbutr
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | - Sahachai Sabuakham
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sutita Nasoontorn
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Thanyada Rungrotmongkol
- Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Biocatalyst and Sustainable Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Atit Silsirivanit
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Utid Suriya
- Program in Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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13
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Zhang Y, Weng J, Huan L, Sheng S, Xu F. Mitophagy in atherosclerosis: from mechanism to therapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1165507. [PMID: 37261351 PMCID: PMC10228545 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1165507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitophagy is a type of autophagy that can selectively eliminate damaged and depolarized mitochondria to maintain mitochondrial activity and cellular homeostasis. Several pathways have been found to participate in different steps of mitophagy. Mitophagy plays a significant role in the homeostasis and physiological function of vascular endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and macrophages, and is involved in the development of atherosclerosis (AS). At present, many medications and natural chemicals have been shown to alter mitophagy and slow the progression of AS. This review serves as an introduction to the field of mitophagy for researchers interested in targeting this pathway as part of a potential AS management strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Zhang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiajun Weng
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Medical School (Xiyuan), Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Luyao Huan
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Song Sheng
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fengqin Xu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Medical School (Xiyuan), Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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14
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Lim SYM, Al Bishtawi B, Lim W. Role of Cytochrome P450 2C9 in COVID-19 Treatment: Current Status and Future Directions. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2023; 48:221-240. [PMID: 37093458 PMCID: PMC10123480 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-023-00826-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
The major human liver drug metabolising cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes are downregulated during inflammation and infectious disease state, especially during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. The influx of proinflammatory cytokines, known as a 'cytokine storm', during severe COVID-19 leads to the downregulation of CYPs and triggers new cytokine release, which further dampens CYP expression. Impaired drug metabolism, along with the inevitable co-administration of drugs or 'combination therapy' in patients with COVID-19 with various comorbidities, could cause drug-drug interactions, thus worsening the disease condition. Genetic variability or polymorphism in CYP2C9 across different ethnicities could contribute to COVID-19 susceptibility. A number of drugs used in patients with COVID-19 are inducers or inhibitors of, or are metabolised by, CYP2C9, and co-administration might cause pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions. It is also worth mentioning that some of the COVID-19 drug interactions are due to altered activity of other CYPs including CYP3A4. Isoniazid/rifampin for COVID-19 and tuberculosis co-infection; lopinavir/ritonavir and cobicistat/remdesivir combination therapy; or multi-drug therapy including ivermectin, azithromycin, montelukast and acetylsalicylic acid, known as TNR4 therapy, all improved recovery in patients with COVID-19. However, a combination of CYP2C9 inducers, inhibitors or both, and plausibly different CYP isoforms could lead to treatment failure, hepatotoxicity or serious side effects including thromboembolism or bleeding, as observed in the combined use of azithromycin/warfarin. Further, herbs that are CYP2C9 inducers and inhibitors, showed anti-COVID-19 properties, and in silico predictions postulated that phytochemical compounds could inhibit SARS-CoV-2 virus particles. COVID-19 vaccines elicit immune responses that activate cytokine release, which in turn suppresses CYP expression that could be the source of compromised CYP2C9 drug metabolism and the subsequent drug-drug interaction. Future studies are recommended to determine CYP regulation in COVID-19, while recognising the involvement of CYP2C9 and possibly utilising CYP2C9 as a target gene to tackle the ever-mutating SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharoen Yu Ming Lim
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500, Semenyih, Malaysia.
| | - Basel Al Bishtawi
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500, Semenyih, Malaysia
| | - Willone Lim
- Faculty of Engineering, Computing and Science, Swinburne University of Technology, 93350, Kuching, Malaysia
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15
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Nair L, Mukherjee S, Kaur K, Murphy CM, Ravichandiran V, Roy S, Singh M. Multi compartmental 3D breast cancer disease model–recapitulating tumor complexity in in-vitro. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2023; 1867:130361. [PMID: 37019341 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2023.130361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common ailment among women. In 2020, it had the highest incidence of any type of cancer. Many Phase II and III anti-cancer drugs fail due to efficacy, durability, and side effects. Thus, accelerated drug screening models must be accurate. In-vivo models have been used for a long time, but delays, inconsistent results, and a greater sense of responsibility among scientists toward wildlife have led to the search for in-vitro alternatives. Stromal components support breast cancer growth and survival. Multi-compartment Transwell models may be handy instruments. Co-culturing breast cancer cells with endothelium and fibroblasts improves modelling. The extracellular matrix (ECM) supports native 3D hydrogels in natural and polymeric forms. 3D Transwell cultured tumor spheroids mimicked in-vivo pathological conditions. Tumor invasion, migration, Trans-endothelial migration, angiogenesis, and spread are studied using comprehensive models. Transwell models can create a cancer niche and conduct high-throughput drug screening, promising future applications. Our comprehensive shows how 3D in-vitro multi compartmental models may be useful in producing breast cancer stroma in Transwell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Assam Central University, Silchar, Assam 788011, India
| | - Souvik Mukherjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas University, Koni, Bilaspur,(C.G 495009, India
| | - Kulwinder Kaur
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy & Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons (RCSI), Dublin D02YN77, Ireland
| | - Ciara M Murphy
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy & Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons (RCSI), Dublin D02YN77, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin D02YN77, Ireland; Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI and TCD, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Velayutham Ravichandiran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal 700054, India
| | - Subhadeep Roy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal 700054, India.
| | - Manjari Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Assam Central University, Silchar, Assam 788011, India.
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16
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Heinsvig PJ, Noble C, Dalsgaard PW, Mardal M. Forensic drug screening by liquid chromatography hyphenated with high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). Trends Analyt Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.117023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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17
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Kitamura H. Ubiquitin-Specific Proteases (USPs) and Metabolic Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:3219. [PMID: 36834633 PMCID: PMC9966627 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination and deubiquitination are reversible processes that modify the characteristics of target proteins, including stability, intracellular localization, and enzymatic activity. Ubiquitin-specific proteases (USPs) constitute the largest deubiquitinating enzyme family. To date, accumulating evidence indicates that several USPs positively and negatively affect metabolic diseases. USP22 in pancreatic β-cells, USP2 in adipose tissue macrophages, USP9X, 20, and 33 in myocytes, USP4, 7, 10, and 18 in hepatocytes, and USP2 in hypothalamus improve hyperglycemia, whereas USP19 in adipocytes, USP21 in myocytes, and USP2, 14, and 20 in hepatocytes promote hyperglycemia. In contrast, USP1, 5, 9X, 14, 15, 22, 36, and 48 modulate the progression of diabetic nephropathy, neuropathy, and/or retinopathy. USP4, 10, and 18 in hepatocytes ameliorates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), while hepatic USP2, 11, 14, 19, and 20 exacerbate it. The roles of USP7 and 22 in hepatic disorders are controversial. USP9X, 14, 17, and 20 in vascular cells are postulated to be determinants of atherosclerosis. Moreover, mutations in the Usp8 and Usp48 loci in pituitary tumors cause Cushing syndrome. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the modulatory roles of USPs in energy metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kitamura
- Laboratory of Comparative Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu 069-8501, Japan
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18
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Ekiert H, Klimek-Szczykutowicz M, Szopa A. Paeonia × suffruticosa (Moutan Peony)-A Review of the Chemical Composition, Traditional and Professional Use in Medicine, Position in Cosmetics Industries, and Biotechnological Studies. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11233379. [PMID: 36501418 PMCID: PMC9739549 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this review is to perform a systematic review of scientific papers and an in-depth analysis of the latest research related to Paeonia × suffruticosa Andrews as a valuable plant species, important in pharmacy and cosmetology. P. × suffruticosa bark root-Moutan cortex is a medicinal raw material formerly known from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) but less common in official European medicine. It was introduced for the first time in the European Pharmacopoeia Supplement 9.4 in 2018. In this work, the numerous possible applications of this raw material were depicted based on modern professional pharmacological studies documenting its very valuable medicinal values, including antioxidant, cytoprotective, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-diabetic and hepatoprotective activities. The scientific studies indicated that the profile of raw material activity is mainly due to paeonol, paeoniflorin and 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranose. Moreover, the significance of this plant (its different organs) in the production of cosmetics was underlined. P. × suffruticosa finds increasing application in cosmetology due to research on its chronic dermatitis, anti-aging and brightening effects. Furthermore, some biotechnological research has been described aimed at developing effective in vitro micropropagation protocols for P. × suffruticosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halina Ekiert
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Marta Klimek-Szczykutowicz
- Department of Dermatology, Cosmetology and Aesthetic Surgery, The Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College, Jan Kochanowski University, al. IX Wieków Kielc 19a, 25-516 Kielce, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.K.-S.); (A.S.); Tel.: +48-12-620-54-36 (A.S.); Fax: +48-620-54-40 (A.S.)
| | - Agnieszka Szopa
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.K.-S.); (A.S.); Tel.: +48-12-620-54-36 (A.S.); Fax: +48-620-54-40 (A.S.)
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19
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A systematic and sensitive method for critical reagent antibody evaluation with PCA technology. Bioanalysis 2022; 14:1479-1486. [PMID: 36799240 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2022-0195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Quality control of critical reagents is essential in basic research and in drug discovery and development. Protein conformational array (PCA) is an ELISA-based technology that has been successfully used for the development of novel and biosimilar biologics with excellent sensitivity and accuracy. Methodology & results: PCA ELISA is able to monitor higher order structure changes of mouse and rabbit antibodies under various stress and storage conditions. This study focused on the short- and long-term storage of antibodies and antiserum as well as the effect of multiple freeze-thaw cycles on the impact of antibody higher order structure. Conclusion: These results suggest that PCA ELISA can be used as a valuable method for quality testing of antibodies.
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