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Hassanein EHM, Althagafy HS, Baraka MA, Abd-Alhameed EK, Ibrahim IM, Abd El-Maksoud MS, Mohamed NM, Ross SA. The promising antioxidant effects of lignans: Nrf2 activation comes into view. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:6439-6458. [PMID: 38695909 PMCID: PMC11422461 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03102-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Lignans are biologically active compounds widely distributed, recognized, and identified in seeds, fruits, and vegetables. Lignans have several intriguing bioactivities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. Nrf2 controls the expression of many cytoprotective genes. Activation of Nrf2 is a promising therapeutic approach for treating and preventing diseases resulting from oxidative injury and inflammation. Lignans have been demonstrated to stimulate Nrf2 signaling in a variety of in vitro and experimental animal models. The review summarizes the findings of fourteen lignans (Schisandrin A, Schisandrin B, Schisandrian C, Magnolol, Honokiol, Sesamin, Sesamol, Sauchinone, Pinoresinol, Phyllanthin, Nectandrin B, Isoeucommin A, Arctigenin, Lariciresinol) as antioxidative and anti-inflammatory agents, affirming how Nrf2 activation affects their pharmacological effects. Therefore, lignans may offer therapeutic candidates for the treatment and prevention of various diseases and may contribute to the development of effective Nrf2 modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad H M Hassanein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Hanan S Althagafy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A Baraka
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Esraa K Abd-Alhameed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Islam M Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Mostafa S Abd El-Maksoud
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Nesma M Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt.
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Assiut, Assiut, 77771, Egypt.
| | - Samir A Ross
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Division of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
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Sun J, Wang Z, Liu N, Liu Z, Cui L, Tao X, Chen W, Gao S, Wu Z. Pharmacokinetic assessment of tacrolimus in combination with deoxyschizandrin in rats. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1344369. [PMID: 38903992 PMCID: PMC11188489 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1344369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Tacrolimus (Tac) is commonly used for postoperative immunosuppressive therapy in transplant patients. However, problems, for example, low bioavailability and unstable plasma concentration, persist for a long time, Studies have reported that the deoxyschizandrin could effectively improve these problems, but the pharmacokinetic parameters (PKs) of Tac combined with deoxyschizandrin are still unknown. Method In this study, an UHPLC-MS/MS method has been established for simultaneous quantitation of Tac and deoxyschizandrin. The PKs of Tac influenced by different doses of deoxyschizandrin after single and multiple administrations were analyzed, and the different impact of deoxyschizandrin and Wuzhi capsule on PKs of Tac were compared. Result The modified UHPLC-MS/MS method could rapid quantification of Tac and deoxyschizandrin within 2 min using bifendatatum as the internal standard (IS). All items were successfully validated. The C max of deoxyschizandrin increased from 148.27 ± 23.20 to 229.13 ± 54.77 ng/mL in rats after multiple administrations for 12 days. After co-administration of 150 mg/mL deoxyschizandrin, Tac had an earlier T max and greater C max and AUC0-t, and the C max and AUC0-t of Tac increased from 14.26 ± 4.73 to 54.48 ± 14.37 ng/mL and from 95.10 ± 32.61 to 315.23 ± 92.22 h/ng/mL, respectively; this relationship was positively proportional to the dosage of deoxyschizandrin. In addition, compared with Wuzhi capsule, the same dose of deoxyschizandrin has a better effective on Tac along with more stable overall PKs. Conclusion An UHPLC-MS/MS method was established and validated for simultaneous detection of deoxyschizandrin and Tac. Deoxyschizandrin could improve the in vivo exposure level and stability of Tac, besides, this effect is better than Wuzhi capsule in same dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Zhipeng Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Liu
- The Fourth Retired Veteran Cadre’s Sanatorium of Fengtai District, Beijing, China
| | - Zhijun Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lili Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Tao
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wansheng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shouhong Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Zhijun Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Jafernik K, Kubica P, Sharafan M, Kruk A, Malinowska MA, Granica S, Szopa A. Phenolic compound profiling and antioxidant potential of different types of Schisandra henryi in vitro cultures. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:322. [PMID: 38713216 PMCID: PMC11076313 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13159-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Schisandra henryi is an endemic species of medicinal potential known from traditional Chinese medicine. As part of this study, a complex biotechnological and phytochemical assessment was conducted on S. henryi with a focus on phenolic compounds and antioxidant profiling. The following in vitro cultures were tested: microshoot agar and callus, microshoot agitated, and suspension, along with the microshoot culture in PlantForm bioreactors. Qualitative profiling was performed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with a photodiode array detector coupled with ion-trap mass spectrophotometry with electrospray ionization and then quantitative analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode array detector using standards. In the extracts, mainly the compounds from procyanidins were identified as well as phenolic acids (neochlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, protocatechuic acid) and catechin. The highest content of phenolic compounds was found for in vitro agar microshoot culture (max. total content 229.87 mg/100 g DW) and agitated culture (max. total content 22.82 mg/100 g DW). The max. TPC measured using the Folin-Ciocalteu assay was equal to 1240.51 mg GAE/100 g DW (agar microshoot culture). The extracts were evaluated for their antioxidant potential by the DPPH, FRAP, and chelate iron ion assays. The highest potential was indicated for agar microshoot culture (90% of inhibition and 59.31 nM/L TEAC, respectively). The research conducted on the polyphenol profiling and antioxidant potential of S. henryi in vitro culture extracts indicates the high therapeutic potential of this species. KEY POINTS: • Different types of S. henryi in vitro cultures were compared for the first time. • The S. henryi in vitro culture strong antioxidant potential was determined for the first time. • The polyphenol profiling of different types of S. henryi in vitro cultures was shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Jafernik
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9 Str, 30-688, Cracow, Poland
| | - Paweł Kubica
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9 Str, 30-688, Cracow, Poland
| | - Marta Sharafan
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24 Str, 31-155, Cracow, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kruk
- Microbiota Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 Str, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Anna Malinowska
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24 Str, 31-155, Cracow, Poland
| | - Sebastian Granica
- Microbiota Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 Str, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Szopa
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9 Str, 30-688, Cracow, Poland.
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You LJ, Li PW, Zhang WW, Feng MF, Zhao WP, Hou HM, Piao XM, Wang LB, Zhang Y. Schisandrin A ameliorates increased pulmonary capillary endothelial permeability accompanied with sepsis through inhibition of RhoA/ROCK1/MLC pathways. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 118:110124. [PMID: 37028276 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response, and vascular leakage associated with acute lung injury (ALI) is an important pathophysiological process during sepsis. Schisandrin A (SchA) is a bioactive lignan which has been reported to have the anti-inflammatory effects in many studies, while whether SchA can ameliorate ALI-related vascular leakage caused by sepsis is unknown. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the role and the underlying mechanism of SchA in increase of pulmonary vascular permeability induced by sepsis. METHODS The effect of SchA on pulmonary vascular permeability was examined in rat acute lung injury model. The effect of SchA on skin vascular permeability of mice was investigated through Miles assay. MTT assay was performed to detect the cell activity, and transwell assay was used to detect the effect of SchA on cell permeability. The effects of SchA on junction proteins and RhoA/ROCK1/MLC signaling pathway were manifested by immunofluorescence staining and western blot. RESULTS The administration of SchA alleviated rat pulmonary endothelial dysfunction, relieved increased permeability in the mouse skin and HUVECs induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Meanwhile, SchA inhibited the formation of stress fibers, reversed the decrease of expression of ZO-1 and VE-cadherin. Subsequent experiments confirmed that SchA inhibited RhoA/ROCK1/MLC canonical pathway in rat lungs and HUVECs induced by LPS. Moreover, overexpression of RhoA reversed the inhibitory effect of SchA in HUVECs, which suggested that SchA protected the pulmonary endothelial barrier by inhibiting RhoA/ROCK1/MLC pathway. CONCLUSION In summary, our results indicate that SchA ameliorates the increase of pulmonary endothelial permeability induced by sepsis through inhibition of RhoA/ROCK1/MLC pathway, providing a potentially effective therapeutic strategy for sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan You
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China
| | - Pei-Wei Li
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China
| | - Wen-Wen Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China
| | - Ming-Feng Feng
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China
| | - Wei-Ping Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China
| | - Hui-Min Hou
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China
| | - Xian-Mei Piao
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China.
| | - Li-Bo Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China.
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Zhang YQ, Liu Y, Zhang ZP, Wu DD, Zhuang LX, Algradi AM, Kuang HX, Yang BY. Schisandraceae triterpenoids: A review of phytochemistry, bioactivities and synthesis. Fitoterapia 2022; 161:105230. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2022.105230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Zhang F, Zhai J, Weng N, Gao J, Yin J, Chen W. A Comprehensive Review of the Main Lignan Components of Schisandra chinensis (North Wu Wei Zi) and Schisandra sphenanthera (South Wu Wei Zi) and the Lignan-Induced Drug-Drug Interactions Based on the Inhibition of Cytochrome P450 and P-Glycoprotein Activities. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:816036. [PMID: 35359848 PMCID: PMC8962666 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.816036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Wu Wei Zi is the dried fruit of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. or Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd. et Wils. (family Magnoliaceae). As a homology of medicine and food, it has been widely used in China for thousands of years, to tonify the kidney, and ameliorate neurological, cardiovascular, liver, and gastrointestinal disorders. As its increasing health benefits and pharmacological value, many literatures have reported that the combination of Wu Wei Zi in patients has led to fluctuations in the blood level of the combined drug. Therefore, it is extremely important to evaluate its safety concern such as drug-drug interactions (DDIs) when patients are under the poly-therapeutic conditions. This review summarized the effects of Wu Wei Zi extract and its major lignan components on cytochrome P450 and P-glycoprotein activities, the change of which could induce metabolic DDIs. Our review also elaborated on the differences of the major lignan components of the two Schisandra species, as well as the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination of the major lignans. In conclusion, these results would enhance our understanding of the DDI mechanisms involving Wu Wei Zi, and may potentially untangle some differing and conflicting results in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Navl Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianxiu Zhai
- School of Traditional Chinese Material, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Nan Weng
- School of Traditional Chinese Material, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Navl Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, Shanghai, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Yin
- School of Traditional Chinese Material, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wansheng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Navl Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, Shanghai, China
- School of Pharmacy, Research and Development Center of Chinese Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Huang S, Zhang D, Li Y, Fan H, Liu Y, Huang W, Deng C, Wang W, Song X. Schisandra sphenanthera: A Comprehensive Review of its Botany, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Clinical Applications. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2021; 49:1577-1622. [PMID: 34559620 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x21500749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd. et Wils (S. sphenanthera) is a single species of Schisandra genus, Magnoliaceae family, and it is a famous medicinal herb mostly growing in southern China, China Taiwan and Vietnam. S. sphenanthera is usually used for the treatments of hepatitis, Alzheimer's disease, renal transplantation, osteoporosis, and insomnia. In present studies, approximately 310 natural constituents have been isolated from S. sphenanthera, including lignans, triterpenes, volatile oils, and polysaccharides, which were mainly obtained from the fruits and stems of S. sphenanthera. Pharmocological studies have shown that the extracts and monomeric compounds of S. sphenanthera possessed wide-range bioactivities, such as antitumor, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, osteoblastic, immune regulation, neuroprotective, kidney protection, hepatoprotective, and antiviral activities. However, resource availability, quality control measures, in-depth in vivo pharmacological study, and clinical application are still insufficient and deserve further studies. This review systematically summarized literatures on the botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, development utilization, and clinical application of S. sphenanthera, in hopes of provide a useful reference for researchers for further studies of this plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xian Yang, Shaanxi 712046, P. R. China
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xian Yang, Shaanxi 712046, P. R. China
| | - Yuze Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xian Yang, Shaanxi 712046, P. R. China
| | - Hao Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xian Yang, Shaanxi 712046, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xian Yang, Shaanxi 712046, P. R. China
| | - Wenli Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xian Yang, Shaanxi 712046, P. R. China
| | - Chong Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xian Yang, Shaanxi 712046, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xian Yang, Shaanxi 712046, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomei Song
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xian Yang, Shaanxi 712046, P. R. China
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Wu Q, Liu C, Zhang J, Xiao W, Yang F, Yu Y, Li T, Wang Y. Schisandra chinensis polysaccharide protects against cyclosporin A-induced liver injury by promoting hepatocyte proliferation. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Kou K, Sun X, Li M, Li T, Hu Y, Li S, Lv G. Beneficial effects of Wuzhi Capsule on tacrolimus blood concentrations in liver transplant patients with different donor-recipient CYP3A5 genotypes. J Clin Pharm Ther 2021; 47:200-210. [PMID: 34708436 DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.13533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE Tacrolimus (Tac) is an immunosuppressant that is widely used to prevent allograft rejection in patients after liver transplantation. Its metabolism mainly depends on the cytochrome P450 3A5 (CYP3A5), which has genetic polymorphisms. Recently, a Chinese herbal medicine known as Wuzhi Capsule (WZC) was shown to increase Tac blood concentrations by inhibiting the activity of CYP3A in animal studies in rats. To date, it remains unexplored whether WZC can be efficiently used to enhance the blood concentration of Tac in liver transplant patients with different donor-recipient CYP3A5 genotypes. METHODS A total of 185 liver transplant patients were enrolled and two-way ANOVA was carried out, then they were divided into four groups according to the combinations of donor-recipient CYP3A5 phenotypes. WZC was given to patients when the dose of Tac was ≥4 mg, and the dose-adjusted C0 (C0 /D) of Tac measured twice in succession was ≤1 ng/ml/mg. The blood trough concentration of Tac (C0 ), C0 /D, and dose- and body weight-adjusted C0 (C0 /D/W) was analysed on days 7 and 14 after liver transplantation. RESULTS The genotypes of donor and recipient or WZC had significant effects on C0, C0/D and C0/D/W. There were significant differences in the Tac blood concentrations between the groups. The recipient expression (*1)/donor expression (*1) (R+/D+) group had the lowest C0 , C0 /D and C0 /D/W among the four groups. Furthermore, a larger proportion of patients in the CYP3A5 expression groups required Tac dose adjustment to achieve a therapeutic effect and were given Tac with WZC. Notably, the use of WZC significantly increased the blood concentrations of Tac in the CYP3A5 expression groups and greater increases in the C0 /D and C0 /D/W were significantly associated with higher doses of WZC in the CYP3A5 expression groups. What is more, WZC reduced the hospitalization cost of patients to a certain extent. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION WZC significantly increased the C0 , C0 /D and C0 /D/W in the CYP3A5 expression groups and reduced the hospitalization expenses of patients to a certain extent. What is more, greater increases in the C0 /D and C0 /D/W were significantly associated with higher doses of WZC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Kou
- Department of Hepatobiliary surgery, Jilin University First Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary surgery, Jilin University First Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Mingqian Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary surgery, Jilin University First Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary surgery, Jilin University First Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Yuelei Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary surgery, Jilin University First Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Shuxuan Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary surgery, Jilin University First Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Guoyue Lv
- Department of Hepatobiliary surgery, Jilin University First Hospital, Changchun, China
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Chen L, Yang Y, Wang X, Wang C, Lin W, Jiao Z, Wang Z. Wuzhi Capsule Dosage Affects Tacrolimus Elimination in Adult Kidney Transplant Recipients, as Determined by a Population Pharmacokinetics Analysis. PHARMACOGENOMICS & PERSONALIZED MEDICINE 2021; 14:1093-1106. [PMID: 34511980 PMCID: PMC8423491 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s321997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Purpose In this study, we aimed to establish a tacrolimus population pharmacokinetic model and better understand the drug-drug interaction between Wuzhi capsule and tacrolimus in Chinese renal transplant recipients. Patients and Methods We performed a population pharmacokinetic analysis using a non-linear mixed-effects model to determine the suitable Wuzhi capsule dose in combination with tacrolimus. Data on 1378 tacrolimus steady-state concentrations were obtained from 142 patients who received kidney transplant in Changhai Hospital and Huashan Hospital. Demographic characteristics, laboratory tests, genetic polymorphisms, and co-medications were evaluated. Results The one-compartment model best described data. Our final model identified creatinine clearance rate, hematocrit, Wuzhi capsule dose, CYP3A5*3 genetic polymorphisms, and tacrolimus daily dose as significant covariates for tacrolimus clearance, with the value of 14.4 L h-1, and the between-subject variability (BSV) was 25.4%. The Wuzhi capsule showed a dose-dependent effect on tacrolimus pharmacokinetics, demonstrating a stronger inhibitory effect than inductive effect. Conclusion Our model can accurately describe population pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus when combined with different doses of Wuzhi capsule. Additionally, this model can be used for individualizing tacrolimus dose following kidney transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhi Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunyun Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuebin Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenyu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Jiao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
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Qin XL, Li JL, Wang SH, Chen X, Huang M, Bi HC. Co-administration of Wuzhi tablet (Schisandra sphenanthera extract) alters tacrolimus pharmacokinetics in a dose- and time-dependent manner in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 263:113233. [PMID: 32768638 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE Tacrolimus is a well-known potent but expensive immunosuppressant. We previously clarified the herb-drug interaction between tacrolimus and Wuzhi tablet (WZ), a prescribed drug of ethanol extract of Schisandra sphenanthera, and showed the ideal effect of WZ on maintaining therapeutic level of tacrolimus and reducing the total drug expense. However, WZ possesses a biphasic effect on regulating CYP3A (the major metabolizing enzyme of tacrolimus), which could induce the mRNA and protein expression after long-term treatment while transiently inhibit the activity of CYP3A. In clinic, clinicians are confused about the relationship between the blood concentration of tacrolimus and the dose and the duration of pretreatment of WZ. Therefore, the effects of the pretreatment time and the dose of WZ on the pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus is urgently needed to be clarified to better combine the use of WZ and tacrolimus in clinic. AIM OF THE STUDY AND METHOD This study aimed to investigate the effects of the pretreatment time and the dose of WZ on the pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus in rats. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS After pretreated rats with WZ for 0, 0.5, 2, 6, 12 or 24 h, the area under the curve (AUC) of tacrolimus was 2.27 ± 0.59, 1.87 ± 1.14, 2.86 ± 0.64, 1.62 ± 0.70, 1.54 ± 1.06 and 1.12 ± 0.69-fold of that of the tacrolimus alone group, respectively. The ratio of AUC of tacrolimus to that of the co-administration group with 0, 62.5, 125, 250, 500 or 750 mg/kg of WZ was 1.00: 1.07: 1.44: 2.60: 2.32: 2.42, respectively. These findings suggested that WZ increased tacrolimus AUC in a pretreatment time- and dose-dependent manner. In line with the in vivo findings, WZ extract inhibited CYP3A activity in a pre-treatment time- and concentration-dependent manner in human liver microsomes. In conclusion, the pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus was significantly affected by the pretreatment time and the dose of WZ. Oral pretreatment with WZ for 0-2 h or co-dosing of 250 mg/kg of WZ most significantly increased the blood concentration of tacrolimus. These findings would be helpful for guiding the reasonable use of WZ and tacrolimus in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ling Qin
- Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jia-Li Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Si-Han Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Min Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Hui-Chang Bi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.
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12
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A Review of the Potential Benefits of Plants Producing Berries in Skin Disorders. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9060542. [PMID: 32575730 PMCID: PMC7346205 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last 30 years, berries have gained great attention as functional food against several risk factors in chronic diseases. The number of related publications on Pubmed rose from 1000 items in 1990 to more than 11,000 in 2019. Despite the fact that a common and clear definition of "berries" is not shared among different scientific areas, the phytochemical pattern of these fruits is mainly characterized by anthocyanins, flavanols, flavonols, and tannins, which showed antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in humans. Skin insults, like wounds, UV rays, and excessive inflammatory responses, may lead to chronic dermatological disorders, conditions often characterized by long-term treatments. The application of berries for skin protection is sustained by long traditional use, but many observations still require a clear pharmacological validation. This review summarizes the scientific evidence, published on EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Scholar, to identify extraction methods, way of administration, dose, and mechanism of action of berries for potential dermatological treatments. Promising in vitro and in vivo evidence of Punica granatum L. and Vitis vinifera L. supports wound healing and photoprotection, while Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. and Vaccinium spp. showed clear immunomodulatory effects. Oral or topical administrations of these berries justify the evaluation of new translational studies to validate their efficacy in humans.
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13
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Adiwidjaja J, Boddy AV, McLachlan AJ. Potential for pharmacokinetic interactions between Schisandra sphenanthera and bosutinib, but not imatinib: in vitro metabolism study combined with a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modelling approach. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2020; 86:2080-2094. [PMID: 32250458 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.14303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to investigate the potential interaction between Schisandra sphenanthera, imatinib and bosutinib combining in vitro and in silico methods. METHODS In vitro metabolism of imatinib and bosutinib using recombinant enzymes and human liver microsomes were investigated in the presence and absence of Schisandra lignans. Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models for the lignans accounting for reversible and mechanism-based inhibitions and induction of CYP3A enzymes were built in the Simcyp Simulator (version 17) and evaluated for their capability to predict interactions with midazolam and tacrolimus. Their potential effect on systemic exposures of imatinib and bosutinib were predicted using PBPK in silico simulations. RESULTS Schisantherin A and schisandrol B, but not schisandrin A, potently inhibited CYP3A4-mediated metabolism of imatinib and bosutinib. All three compounds showed a strong reversible inhibition on CYP2C8 enzyme with ki of less than 0.5 μmol L-1 . The verified PBPK models were able to describe the increase in systemic exposure of midazolam and tacrolimus due to co-administration of S. sphenanthera, consistent with the reported changes in the corresponding clinical interaction study (AUC ratio of 2.0 vs 2.1 and 2.4 vs 2.1, respectively). The PBPK simulation predicted that at recommended dosing regimens of S. sphenanthera, co-administration would result in an increase in bosutinib exposure (AUC ratio 3.0) but not in imatinib exposure. CONCLUSION PBPK models for Schisandra lignans were successfully developed. Interaction between imatinib and Schisandra lignans was unlikely to be of clinical importance. Conversely, S. sphenanthera at a clinically-relevant dose results in a predicted three-fold increase in bosutinib systemic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffry Adiwidjaja
- Sydney Pharmacy School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alan V Boddy
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Andrew J McLachlan
- Sydney Pharmacy School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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14
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Hou X, Lou X, Guo Q, Tang L, Shan W. Development of an immobilized liposome chromatography method for screening and characterizing α-glucosidase-binding compounds. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1148:122097. [PMID: 32442921 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Immobilized liposome chromatography (ILC) is a powerful tool in screening and analyzing membrane-permeable components in natural medicinal herbs. In this study, the stationary phase of a new receptor liposome biomembrane chromatography (RLBC) was employed to screen the active ingredients in seven natural medicinal herbs. As a model system, α-glucosidase was immobilized in porous silica gel by incorporating α-glucosidase into liposome vesicles. Combined with HPLC, this stationary phase can be used to evaluate the interaction of liposome-protein compounds with compounds and drugs. The surface characteristics of the RLBC phase was characterized by Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). RLBC was successfully used to screen and analyze permeable compounds in natural medicinal herbs, and screen the extracts from Schisandra chinensis. This method was used to establish that Schisandrin in Schisandra chinensis is an active component. Furthermore, the hypoglycemic effect of Schisandrin was verified in vivo in rats. This study further modeled the relationship between the activity of inhibitor and retention behavior with RLBC with a mathematical equation. RLBC stationary phase combined with HPLC can be used for rapid screening of drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Hou
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Xiaoyi Lou
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Qian Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Lan Tang
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Weiguang Shan
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China.
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15
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Potential of herb-drug / herb interactions between substrates and inhibitors of UGTs derived from herbal medicines. Pharmacol Res 2019; 150:104510. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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16
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Deng Y, Lim J, Nguyen TTH, Mok IK, Piao M, Kim D. Composition and biochemical properties of ale beer enriched with lignans from Schisandra chinensis Baillon (omija) fruits. Food Sci Biotechnol 2019; 29:609-617. [PMID: 32419959 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-019-00714-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To develop a beverage with high antioxidant capacity and desirable sensory characteristics, Schisandra chinensis (omija) fruits were added to ale type beer at different time points of the brewing process. The phenolic compounds contents in beer were found to be dependent at the moment of the addition of omija fruit. Addition of omija fruits at the initiation of boiling imparted highest oxidative stability to beer and resulted in highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents in ale beer (606.82 mg GAE/L and 406.75 mg QE/L, respectively). The amounts of schisandrin, gomisin A and gomisin B in beer were 12.10 mg/mL, 3.12 mg/mL and 0.86 mg/mL, respectively. Taken together, it is hypothesized that the addition of omija fruits to traditional brewing process can improve the development of value-added beer products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Deng
- 1College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 China.,2Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do 25354 South Korea.,3Institutes of Green Bioscience and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do 25354 South Korea
| | - Juho Lim
- 2Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do 25354 South Korea.,3Institutes of Green Bioscience and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do 25354 South Korea
| | - Thi Thanh Hanh Nguyen
- 2Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do 25354 South Korea.,3Institutes of Green Bioscience and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do 25354 South Korea
| | - Il-Kyoon Mok
- 2Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do 25354 South Korea.,3Institutes of Green Bioscience and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do 25354 South Korea
| | - Meizi Piao
- 1College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 China
| | - Doman Kim
- 2Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do 25354 South Korea.,3Institutes of Green Bioscience and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do 25354 South Korea
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17
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Szopa A, Dziurka M, Warzecha A, Kubica P, Klimek-Szczykutowicz M, Ekiert H. Targeted Lignan Profiling and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Schisandra rubriflora and Schisandra chinensis Extracts. Molecules 2018; 23:E3103. [PMID: 30486445 PMCID: PMC6321394 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Schisandra rubriflora is a dioecious plant of increasing importance due to its lignan composition, and therefore, possible therapeutic properties. The aim of the work was lignan profiling of fruits, leaves and shoots of female (F) and male (M) plants using UHPLC-MS/MS. Additionally, the anti-inflammatory activity of plant extracts and individual lignans was tested in vitro for the inhibition of 15-lipooxygenase (15-LOX), phospholipases A2 (sPLA₂), cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 (COX-1; COX-2) enzyme activities. The extracts of fruits, leaves and shoots of the pharmacopoeial species, S. chinensis, were tested for comparison. Twenty-four lignans were monitored. Lignan contents in S. rubriflora fruit extracts amounted to 1055.65 mg/100 g DW and the dominant compounds included schisanhenol, aneloylgomisin H, schisantherin B, schisandrin A, gomisin O, angeloylgomisin O and gomisin G. The content of lignan in leaf extracts was 853.33 (F) and 1106.80 (M) mg/100 g DW. Shoot extracts were poorer in lignans-559.97 (F) and 384.80 (M) mg/100 g DW. Schisantherin B, schisantherin A, 6-O-benzoylgomisin O and angeloylgomisin H were the dominant compounds in leaf and shoot extracts. The total content of detected lignans in S. chinensis fruit, leaf and shoot extracts was: 1686.95, 433.59 and 313.83 mg/100 g DW, respectively. Gomisin N, schisandrin A, schisandrin, gomisin D, schisantherin B, gomisin A, angeloylgomisin H and gomisin J were the dominant lignans in S. chinensis fruit extracts were. The results of anti-inflammatory assays revealed higher activity of S. rubriflora extracts. Individual lignans showed significant inhibitory activity against 15-LOX, COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Szopa
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Michał Dziurka
- Polish Academy of Sciences, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, ul. Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Angelika Warzecha
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Paweł Kubica
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland.
| | | | - Halina Ekiert
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland.
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18
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Song L, Cui S, Li T, Yang S, Wang Q, He K, Zheng Y, He C. Antibacterial effects of Schisandra chinensis
extract on Staphylococcus aureus
and its application in food. J Food Saf 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liya Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development; College of Science, Beijing Technology and Business University; Beijing China
| | - Shumei Cui
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development; College of Science, Beijing Technology and Business University; Beijing China
| | - Ting Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development; College of Science, Beijing Technology and Business University; Beijing China
| | - Shuran Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development; College of Science, Beijing Technology and Business University; Beijing China
| | - Qian Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development; College of Science, Beijing Technology and Business University; Beijing China
| | - Keke He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development; College of Science, Beijing Technology and Business University; Beijing China
| | - Yumei Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development; College of Science, Beijing Technology and Business University; Beijing China
| | - Congfen He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development; College of Science, Beijing Technology and Business University; Beijing China
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19
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Mou Q, He J, Li X, Yang B, Yang L, Li H. Rapid discrimination of Schisandra sphenanthera and Schisandra chinensis using electronic tongue and ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with chemometrics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chnaes.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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20
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Li Z, He X, Liu F, Wang J, Feng J. A review of polysaccharides from Schisandra chinensis and Schisandra sphenanthera: Properties, functions and applications. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 184:178-190. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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21
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Oshima R, Kotani A, Kuroda M, Yamamoto K, Mimaki Y, Hakamata H. Discrimination of Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus and Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus based on fingerprint profiles of hydrophilic components by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. J Nat Med 2017; 72:399-408. [PMID: 29218469 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-017-1158-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
High-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV) using 20 mM phosphate mobile phase and an octadecylsilyl column (Triart C18, 150 × 3.0 mm i.d., 3 μm) has been developed for the analysis of hydrophilic compounds in the water extract of Schisandrae Fructus samples. The present HPLC-UV method permits the accurate and precise determination of malic, citric, and protocatechuic acids in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia (JP) Schisandrae Fructus, Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus and Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus. The JP Schisandrae Fructus studied contains 27.98 mg/g malic, 107.08 mg/g citric, and 0.42 mg/g protocatechuic acids, with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of repeatability of <0.9% (n = 6). The content of malic acids in Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus is approximately ten times that in Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus. To examine whether the HPLC-UV method is applicable to the fingerprint-based discrimination of Schisandrae Fructus samples obtained from Chinese markets, principal component analysis (PCA) was performed using the determined contents of organic acids and the ratio of six characteristic unknown peaks derived from hydrophilic components to internal standard peak areas. On the score plots, Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus and Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus samples are clearly discriminated. Therefore, the HPLC-UV method for the analysis of hydrophilic components coupled with PCA has been shown to be practical and useful in the quality control of Schisandrae Fructus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryusei Oshima
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Akira Kotani
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan.
| | - Minpei Kuroda
- Department of Medicinal Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yamamoto
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Mimaki
- Department of Medicinal Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Hideki Hakamata
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
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22
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Kwon DH, Cha HJ, Choi EO, Leem SH, Kim GY, Moon SK, Chang YC, Yun SJ, Hwang HJ, Kim BW, Kim WJ, Choi YH. Schisandrin A suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in RAW 264.7 macrophages by suppressing the NF-κB, MAPKs and PI3K/Akt pathways and activating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling. Int J Mol Med 2017; 41:264-274. [PMID: 29115385 PMCID: PMC5746320 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Schisandrin A is a bioactive lignan occurring in the fruits of plants of the Schisandra genus that have traditionally been used in Korea for treating various inflammatory diseases. Although the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of lignan analogues similar to schisandrin A have been reported, the underlying molecular mechanisms have remained elusive. In the present study, schisandrin A significantly suppressed the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of the key pro-inflammatory mediators nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 by suppressing the expression of inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 at the mRNA and protein levels in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Furthermore, schisandrin A was demonstrated to reduce the LPS-induced secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β; this was accompanied by a simultaneous decrease in the respective mRNA and protein levels in the macrophages. In addition, the LPS- induced translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), as well as activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and phosphatidylinositol‑3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathways were inhibited by schisandrin A. Furthermore, schisandrin A significantly diminished the LPS-stimulated accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species, and effectively enhanced the expression of NF erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). These results suggested that schisandrin A has a protective effect against LPS-induced inflammatory and oxidative responses in RAW 264.7 cells by inhibiting the NF-κB, MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathways; these effects are mediated, at least in part, by the activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Based on these results, it is concluded that schisandrin A may have therapeutic potential for treating inflammatory and oxidative disorders caused by over-activation of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Hye Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jae Cha
- Department of Parasitology and Genetics, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan 49267, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ok Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Hee Leem
- Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Young Kim
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Kwon Moon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Biotechnology and Natural Resource, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Chae Chang
- Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Joong Yun
- Personalized Tumor Engineering Research Center, Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Hwang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Nursing, Healthcare Sciences and Human Ecology, Dongeui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Woo Kim
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Dongeui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
| | - Wun-Jae Kim
- Personalized Tumor Engineering Research Center, Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
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Wang Z, You L, Cheng Y, Hu K, Wang Z, Cheng Y, Yang J, Yang Y, Wang G. Investigation of pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution and excretion of schisandrin B in rats by HPLC-MS/MS. Biomed Chromatogr 2017; 32. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing People's Republic of China
| | - Linjun You
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing People's Republic of China
| | - Kaiyong Hu
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanbo Wang
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Cheng
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing People's Republic of China
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Yang
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing People's Republic of China
| | - Guangji Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing People's Republic of China
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Niu J, Xu G, Jiang S, Li H, Yuan G. In Vitro Antioxidant activities and anti-diabetic effect of a polysaccharide from Schisandra sphenanthera in rats with type 2 diabetes. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 94:154-160. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Leong PK, Wong HS, Chen J, Chan WM, Leung HY, Ko KM. Differential Action between Schisandrin A and Schisandrin B in Eliciting an Anti-Inflammatory Action: The Depletion of Reduced Glutathione and the Induction of an Antioxidant Response. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155879. [PMID: 27195753 PMCID: PMC4873034 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Schisandrin A (Sch A) and schisandrin B (Sch B) are active components of Schisandrae Fructus. We compared the biochemical mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory action of Sch A and Sch B, using cultured lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages and concanavalin (ConA)-stimulated mouse splenocytes. Pre-incubation with Sch A or Sch B produced an anti-inflammatory action in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, as evidenced by the inhibition of the pro-inflammatory c-Jun N-terminal kinases/p38 kinase/nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway as well as the suppression of various pro-inflammatory cytokines and effectors, with the extent of inhibition by Sch A being more pronounced. The greater activity of Sch A in anti-inflammatory response was associated with a greater decrease in cellular reduced glutathione (GSH) level and a greater increase in glutathione S-transferase activity than corresponding changes produced by Sch B. However, upon incubation, only Sch B resulted in the activation of the nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like factor 2 and the induction of a significant increase in the expression of thioredoxin (TRX) in RAW264.7 cells. The Sch B-induced increase in TRX expression was associated with the suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and effectors in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Studies in a mouse model of inflammation (carrageenan-induced paw edema) indicated that while long-term treatment with either Sch A or Sch B suppressed the extent of paw edema, only acute treatment with Sch A produced a significant degree of inhibition on the inflammatory response. Although only Sch A decreased the cellular GSH level and suppressed the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and cell proliferation in ConA-simulated splenocytes in vitro, both Sch A and Sch B treatments, while not altering cellular GSH levels, suppressed ConA-stimulated splenocyte proliferation ex vivo. These results suggest that Sch A and Sch B may act differentially on activating GST/ depleting cellular GSH and inducing an antioxidant response involved in their anti-inflammatory actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pou Kuan Leong
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hoi Shan Wong
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jihang Chen
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wing Man Chan
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hoi Yan Leung
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kam Ming Ko
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR, China
- * E-mail:
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Jiang K, Song QY, Peng SJ, Zhao QQ, Li GD, Li Y, Gao K. New lignans from the roots of Schisandra sphenanthera. Fitoterapia 2015; 103:63-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2015.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Hou W, Gao W, Wang D, Liu Q, Zheng S, Wang Y. The Protecting Effect of Deoxyschisandrin and Schisandrin B on HaCaT Cells against UVB-Induced Damage. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127177. [PMID: 25978330 PMCID: PMC4433126 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Schisandra chinensis is a traditional Chinese medicine that has multiple biological activities, including antioxidant, anticancer, tonic, and anti-aging effects. Deoxyschisandrin (SA) and schisandrin B (SB), the two major lignans isolated from S. chinensis, exert high antioxidant activities in vitro and in vivo by scavenging free radicals, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS). Ultraviolet B-ray (UVB) radiation induces the production of ROS and DNA damage, which eventually leads to cell death by apoptosis. However, it is unknown whether SA or SB protects cells against UVB-induced cellular DNA damage. Our study showed that both SA and SB effectively protected HaCaT cells from UVB-induced cell death by antagonizing UVB-mediated production of ROS and induction of DNA damage. Our results showed that both SA and SB significantly prevented UVB-induced loss of cell viability using 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays. Dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) assays showed that the production of ROS following UVB exposure was inhibited by treatment with SA and SB. Moreover, SA and SB decreased the UVB-induced DNA damage in HaCaT cells by comet assays. In addition, SA and SB also prevented UVB-induced cell apoptosis and the cleavage of caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9. In a word, our results imply that the antioxidants SA and SB could protect cells from UVB-induced cell damage via scavenging ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hou
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Datao Wang
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Qingxiu Liu
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Siwen Zheng
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yingping Wang
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- * E-mail:
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Jin J, Li M, Zhao Z, Sun X, Li J, Wang W, Huang M, Huang Z. Protective effect of Wuzhi tablet (Schisandra sphenanthera extract) against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity via Nrf2-mediated defense response. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 22:528-535. [PMID: 25981918 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2014] [Revised: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Cisplatin is a potent anti-cancer agent for various types of tumors. However, the clinical use of cisplatin is often limited by its nephrotoxicity. This study reports that WZ tablet (WZ, a preparation of an ethanol extract of Schisandra sphenanthera) mitigates cisplatin-induced toxicity in renal epithelial HK-2 cells and in mice. Pretreatment of HK-2 cells with WZ ameliorated cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity caused by oxidative stress, as was demonstrated by reductions in the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased levels of glutathione (GSH). WZ facilitated the nuclear accumulation of the transcription factor NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and the subsequent expression of its target genes such as NAD(P)H quinine oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL). Protective effects of WZ on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity were also observed in mice. WZ attenuated cisplatin-induced renal dysfunction, structural damage and oxidative stress. The nuclear accumulation of Nrf2 and its target genes were increased by WZ treatment. Taken together, these findings demonstrated WZ have a protective effect against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity by activation of the Nrf2 mediated defense response, which is of significant importance for therapeutic intervention in cisplatin induced renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 132 East Circle at University City, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Mei Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 132 East Circle at University City, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Zhongxiang Zhao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Xiaozhe Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 132 East Circle at University City, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Jia Li
- Pharmaceutical Department, Cancer Center of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510095, PR China
| | - Wenwen Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 132 East Circle at University City, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Min Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 132 East Circle at University City, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Zhiying Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 132 East Circle at University City, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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Lee HJ, Jo S, Ryu J, Jeong HS, Lee G, Ryu MH, Jung MH, Kim H, Kim BJ. Effects of Schisandra chinensis Turcz. fruit on contact dermatitis induced by dinitrofluorobenzene in mice. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:2135-9. [PMID: 25892286 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Schisandra chinensis Turcz. fruit is widely used to treat skin diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the anti-inflammatory effects of the methanol extract of S. chinensis (MESC) on 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB)-induced contact dermatitis (CD) in mice. The effects of MESC on ear thickness and weight, histopathological changes, immune cell filtration and cytokine production were investigated in DNFB-induced CD mice. Topical application of MESC effectively inhibited ear swelling (30 or 300 μg on the left ear, P<0.001; 30 μg on the right ear, P<0.001). MESC also inhibited hyperplasia, spongiosis (100 μg/ear, P<0.05 and 300 μg/ear, P<0.001, respectively) and immune cell infiltration (100 μg/ear, P<0.05; 300 μg/ear, P<0.001) induced by DNFB. In addition, MESC suppressed increases in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels (100 or 300 μg/ear, P<0.05), interferon (INF)-γ (30 μg/ear, P<0.05; 100 μg/ear, P<0.01; 300 μg/ear, P<0.001), interleukin (IL)-6 (300 μg/ear, P<0.05) and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 (30 μg/ear, P<0.05; 100 μg/ear, P<0.01; 300 μg/ear, P<0.001). These results suggest that the anti-inflammatory effects of MESC are mediated by the reduced production of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6 and MCP-1, and that MESC has potential use for the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jung Lee
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 626‑870, Republic of Korea
| | - Suzy Jo
- Division of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 626‑870, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghyun Ryu
- Division of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 626‑870, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Sol Jeong
- Division of Applied Medicine, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 626‑870, Republic of Korea
| | - Guemsan Lee
- Department of Herbology, Wonkwang University College of Medicine, Iksan, North Jeolla 570‑749, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Heon Ryu
- Department of Oral Pathology, Pusan National University School of Dentistry, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 626‑870, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Ho Jung
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 626‑870, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungwoo Kim
- Division of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 626‑870, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Joo Kim
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 626‑870, Republic of Korea
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Wang O, Cheng Q, Liu J, Wang Y, Zhao L, Zhou F, Ji B. Hepatoprotective effect of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. lignans and its formula with Rubus idaeus on chronic alcohol-induced liver injury in mice. Food Funct 2014; 5:3018-25. [DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00550c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Qin XL, Chen X, Zhong GP, Fan XM, Wang Y, Xue XP, Wang Y, Huang M, Bi HC. Effect of Tacrolimus on the pharmacokinetics of bioactive lignans of Wuzhi tablet (Schisandra sphenanthera extract) and the potential roles of CYP3A and P-gp. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 21:766-772. [PMID: 24462213 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2013.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We recently reported that Wuzhi tablet (WZ), a preparation of the ethanol extract of Wuweizi (Schisandra sphenanthera), had significant effects on blood concentrations of Tacrolimus (FK506) in renal transplant recipients and rats. The active lignans in WZ are schisandrin A, schisandrin B, schisandrin C, schisandrol A, schisandrol B, schisantherin A, and schisantherin B. Until now, whether the pharmacokinetics of these lignans in WZ would be affected by FK506 remained unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether and how FK506 affected pharmacokinetics of lignans in WZ in rats and the potential roles of CYP3A and P-gp. After a single oral co-administration of FK506 and WZ, the blood concentration of lignans in WZ was decreased by FK506; furthermore, the AUC of schisantherin A, schisandrin A, schisandrol A and schisandrol B was only 64.5%, 47.2%, 55.1% and 57.4% of that of WZ alone group, respectively. Transport study in Caco-2 cells showed that these lignans were not substrates of P-gp, suggesting decreased blood concentration of lignans by FK506 was not via P-gp pathway. Metabolism study in the human recombinant CYP 3A showed that these lignans had higher affinity to CYP3A than that of FK506, and thus had a stronger CYP3A-mediated metabolism. It was concluded that the blood concentrations of these lignans were decreased and their CYP3A-mediated metabolisms were increased in the presence of FK506 since these lignans had higher affinity to CYP3A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-ling Qin
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Guo-ping Zhong
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-mei Fan
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin-ping Xue
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Huang
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui-chang Bi
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Teng H, Lee WY. Antibacterial and antioxidant activities and chemical compositions of volatile oils extracted from Schisandra chinensis Baill. seeds using simultaneous distillation extraction method, and comparison with Soxhlet and microwave-assisted extraction. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 78:79-85. [PMID: 25036488 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2014.877815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The volatile oils were isolated from dried Schisandra chinensis Baill. seeds by Soxhlet extraction (SE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), and simultaneous distillation extraction (SDE), and fractions were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The essential oils were assessed for their antioxidant and antibacterial activities. GC-MS results also revealed that the major ingredients in the oil extracted by SDE were terpenoids compounds such as ylangene (15.01%), α-phellandrene (8.23%), β-himachalene (6.95%), and cuparene (6.74), and the oil extracts of MAE and SE mainly contained aromatics such as schizandrins, wuweizisu C, and gomisin A. HPLC analysis results confirmed that more schizandrin was obtained through extraction by MAE (996.64 μg/g) and SE (722.13 μg/g). SDE oil extract showed more significant antioxidant activity than MAE or SE oil. Only volatile oil from SDE showed good antibacterial activity against all tested strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Teng
- a Department of Food Science and Bio-Technology , Kyungpook National University , Daegu , Republic of Korea
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33
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Qin XL, Chen X, Wang Y, Xue XP, Wang Y, Li JL, Wang XD, Zhong GP, Wang CX, Yang H, Huang M, Bi HC. In Vivo to In Vitro Effects of Six Bioactive Lignans of Wuzhi Tablet (Schisandra Sphenanthera Extract) on the CYP3A/P-glycoprotein–Mediated Absorption and Metabolism of Tacrolimus. Drug Metab Dispos 2013; 42:193-9. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.113.053892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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Li XY, Yang M, Huang JY, Yu XX, Zhao MQ, Liang ZK, Xie ZS, Xu XJ. Preparative separation and purification of deoxyschizandrin from Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus by high-speed counter-current chromatography. J Pharm Anal 2013; 3:429-433. [PMID: 29403850 PMCID: PMC5761001 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2013.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) method was successfully developed for the preparative separation and purification of deoxyschizandrin from Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus in one step. The purity of deoxyschizandrin was 98.5%, and the structure was identified by MS, UV and NMR. This method was simple, fast, convenient and appropriate to prepare pure compound as reference substances for related research on Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Ying Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 132, East Waihuan Rd., Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Guangdong Technology Research Center for Advanced Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Mei Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 132, East Waihuan Rd., Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Guangdong Technology Research Center for Advanced Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jie-Yun Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 132, East Waihuan Rd., Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Guangdong Technology Research Center for Advanced Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiao-Xue Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 132, East Waihuan Rd., Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Guangdong Technology Research Center for Advanced Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Min-Qian Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 132, East Waihuan Rd., Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Guangdong Technology Research Center for Advanced Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhi-Kun Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 132, East Waihuan Rd., Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Guangdong Technology Research Center for Advanced Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhi-Sheng Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 132, East Waihuan Rd., Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Guangdong Technology Research Center for Advanced Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xin-Jun Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 132, East Waihuan Rd., Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Guangdong Technology Research Center for Advanced Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Jeong EJ, Lee HK, Lee KY, Jeon BJ, Kim DH, Park JH, Song JH, Huh J, Lee JH, Sung SH. The effects of lignan-riched extract of Shisandra chinensis on amyloid-β-induced cognitive impairment and neurotoxicity in the cortex and hippocampus of mouse. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 146:347-54. [PMID: 23333311 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Revised: 12/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The fruits of Schisandra chinensis (Trucz.) Baill. (Schisandraceae) which have been used as a tonic especially for kidney yin deficiency in Chinese traditional medicine are recently receiving attention for its preventive activity on age-related neurodegenerative diseases. A variety of studies demonstrated the cognitive-enhancing effects of Schisandra chinensis through animal tests and also in clinical trials. AIM OF STUDY In this study, we attempted to investigate the effects of the lignan-riched extract of Schisandra chinensis fruits (ESP-806) on neurotoxicity and memory impairment induced by Aβ1-42 injection in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS The fruits of Schisandra chinensis were extracted with the mixture of n-hexane:ethanol (9:1), which is riched with bioactive dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans, schizandrin, gomisin N, wuweigisu C. After oral treatment of ESP-806 (100 mg/kg body weight) followed by injection of Aβ1-42 (2 μg/mouse, i.c.v.), novel object recognition and passive avoidance tests were evaluated. To verify the cognition enhancing effects of ESP-806, we examined the effects of ESP-806 on the activities of β-secretase and acetylcholinesterase, and the contents of Aβ and the reduced glutathione within the cortex and hippocampus of Aβ-injected mice. RESULTS Oral treatment of ESP-806 (100 mg/kg body weight) significantly attenuated Aβ1-42-induced memory impairment evaluated by behavioral tests. Furthermore, the treatment of ESP-806 attenuated the elevation of β-secretase activity accompanying the reduced level of Aβ1-42 in the cortex and hippocampus of the brain. ESP-806 also significantly inhibited the acetylcholinesterase activity in the hippocampus and increased the content of the reduced glutathione in the cortex and hippocampus of mouse brain. CONCLUSIONS These data suggested that the extract of Schisandra chinensis fruits riched with dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans may be useful in the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ju Jeong
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Qin XL, Yu T, Li LJ, Wang Y, Gu HM, Wang YT, Huang M, Bi HC. Effect of long-term co-administration of Wuzhi tablet (Schisandra sphenanthera extract) and prednisone on the pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 20:375-379. [PMID: 23267661 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2012.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Tacrolimus (TAC) is an immunosuppressant that has been widely used alone or in combination with prednisone (PRED) to prevent acute rejection after organ transplantation. Wuzhi tablet (WZ, Schisandra sphenanthera extract) is often prescribed with TAC to prevent drug-induced hepatitis. We recently reported that WZ could significantly increase TAC blood exposure by inhibiting P-gp-mediated efflux and CYP3A-mediated metabolism of TAC. PRED is also a substrate of P-gp and is a weak inducer of CYP3A, and drug-drug interactions within this combination therapy might occur. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of long-term treatment of WZ and PRED on the pharmacokinetics of TAC in rats. After 14 days of co-administration of WZ and PRED, the AUC(0-24h) of oral TAC was increased (from 59.6±37.3 to 95.3±39.4 ng h/ml, p=0.18) and the clearance was decreased (from 38.4±28.4 to 17.7±6.4 l/h/kg, p=0.15). When only co-administered with WZ, AUC(0-24h) of TAC was demonstrated a significantly increase (from 59.6±37.3 to 135.9±34.8 ng h/ml, p<0.05). The concomitant administration of PRED resulted in a reduction in the systemic exposure of TAC and an increase in its clearance, though neither was statistically significant. Thus, our study suggested that the presence of WZ and PRED still could increase the systemic exposure of TAC in rats. The drug-drug interactions among this combination therapy should still be taken into consideration in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ling Qin
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
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Targeted Metabolomics of Serum Acylcarnitines Evaluates Hepatoprotective Effect of Wuzhi Tablet (Schisandra sphenanthera Extract) against Acute Acetaminophen Toxicity. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:985257. [PMID: 23431354 PMCID: PMC3575671 DOI: 10.1155/2013/985257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Revised: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Possible prevention and therapeutic intervention strategies to counteract acetaminophen (APAP) hepatotoxicity would be of great value. Wuzhi tablet (WZ, extract of Schisandrae sphenanthera) possesses hepatoprotective effects against hepatitis and the hepatic dysfunction induced by various chemical hepatotoxins. In this study, the protective effect of WZ on APAP-induced hepatic injury was evaluated and targeted metabolomics by LC-MS-based metabolomics was used to examine whether WZ influences hepatic metabolism. The results demonstrated significant hepatoprotection of WZ against APAP-induced liver injury; pretreatment with WZ prior to APAP administration blocks the increase in serum palmitoylcarnitine and oleoylcarnitine and thus restores the APAP-impaired fatty acid β-oxidation to normal levels. These studies further revealed a significant and prolonged upregulation of the PPARα target genes Cpt1 and Acot1 by WZ mainly contributing to the maintenance of normal fatty acid metabolism and thus potentially contributing to the hepatic protection of WZ against APAP-induced hepatic toxicity. Taken together, the current study provides new insights into understanding the hepatoprotective effect of WZ against APAP-induced liver toxicity.
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Anti-liver fibrotic lignans from the fruits of Schisandra arisanensis and Schisandra sphenanthera. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:880-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Revised: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Liu H, Zhang J, Li X, Qi Y, Peng Y, Zhang B, Xiao P. Chemical analysis of twelve lignans in the fruit of Schisandra sphenanthera by HPLC-PAD-MS. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 19:1234-1241. [PMID: 22906629 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2012.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Revised: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 07/14/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The fruit of S. sphenanthera, known as "Nanwuweizi", has been widely used as traditional Chinese medicine for several thousand years. However, the current determination methods are not sufficient to evaluate its quality. An accurate, sensitive and reliable high performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detection and mass spectrum (HPLC-PAD-MS) was developed for quantitative analysis of twelve lignans (schisandrol A, schisandrol B, gomisin G, schisantherin A, schisantherin D, schisanhenol, (+)-anwulignan, deoxyschisandrin, schisandrin B, schisandrin C, 6-O-benzoylgomisin O, and interiotherin A) in the fruit of S. sphenanthera. The chromatographic conditions and extraction procedures were optimized during the study. The identity of chromatographic peaks in the sample HPLC profiles was confirmed by comparing the retention time, ultraviolet (UV) spectra and MS data with reference compounds. The validated method was successfully used to determine the twelve lignans in the samples collected from different localities in China. The hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) and principal components analysis (PCA) were successfully applied to the data of twelve lignans from the HPLC profiles in sixteen batches of the fruit of S. sphenanthera to discriminate the samples with different sources. Moreover, the results of the loading plot of the PCA indicated that schisantherin A, (+)-anwulignan, and deoxyshisandrin were found to be the main constituents in the fruit of S. sphenanthera, and which could be chosen as the chemical markers for evaluate the quality of the fruit of S. sphenanthera. The results indicated that the developed method was readily utilized as a quality evaluation method for the fruit of S. sphenanthera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Liu
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Xue XP, Qin XL, Xu C, Zhong GP, Wang Y, Huang M, Bi HC. Effect of Wuzhi tablet (Schisandra sphenanthera extract) on the pharmacokinetics of cyclosporin A in rats. Phytother Res 2012; 27:1255-9. [PMID: 22996305 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Revised: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In our previous reports, Wuzhi tablet (an herbal preparation of ethanol extract of Wuweizi (Schisandra sphenanthera)) can significantly increase the blood concentration of tacrolimus and paclitaxel in rats by inhibiting the CYP3A-mediated metabolism and the P-gp-mediated efflux. Cyclosporin A (CsA), a well-known immunosuppressant agent, is also a substrate of CYP3A and P-gp. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether and how WZ affects pharmacokinetics of CsA in rats. The AUC0-48 h and Cmax of CsA were increased by 40.1% and 13.1%, respectively, with a single oral co-administration of WZ and high dose of CsA (37.8 mg/kg). Interestingly, after a single oral co-administration of WZ and low dose of CsA (1.89 mg/kg), the AUC0-36 h and Cmax of CsA were dramatically increased by 293.1% (from 1103.2 ± 293.0 to 4336.5 ± 1728.3 ng.h/mL; p < 0.05) and 84.1% (from 208.5 ± 67.9 to 383.1 ± 92.5 ng/mL; p < 0.05), respectively. The CL/F was decreased from 1.7 L/h/kg to 0.5 L/h/kg. Thus, the effect of WZ on high dose of CsA was not significant, but pharmacokinetic parameters of CsA at low dose were significantly influenced by co-administration of WZ. The herb-drug interaction should be taken into consideration at this situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-ping Xue
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Huang HC, Lin YC, Fazary AE, Lo IW, Liaw CC, Huang YZ, Liou SS, Shen YC. New and bioactive lignans from the fruits of Schisandra sphenanthera. Food Chem 2011; 128:348-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Revised: 01/19/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Guo Z, Zhao A, Chen T, Xie G, Zhou M, Qiu M, Jia W. Differentiation of Schisandra chinensis and Schisandra sphenanthera using metabolite profiles based on UPLC-MS and GC-MS. Nat Prod Res 2011; 26:255-63. [PMID: 21859375 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2010.537272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Historically, Schisandra chinensis and S. sphenanthera have been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. Although both species are in the genus Schisandra, they have dissimilar therapeutic effects that may be attributed to compositional differences in secondary metabolites. We developed a method to compare these metabolites obtained from the above plant species using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry coupled with multivariate statistical analyses. The critical markers we used to discriminate between both plant species resulted in the identification and quantification of six lignans and seven essential oils. We believe that our approach provided a sensitive, reliable and robust method to conveniently classify medicinal plants that can be used to explore subtle variations among different species or plants from different geographical locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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The immuno-regulatory effects of Schisandra chinensis and its constituents on human monocytic leukemia cells. Molecules 2011; 16:4836-49. [PMID: 21666550 PMCID: PMC6264271 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16064836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Revised: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Many diseases occur when the immune system is weakened. Intracellular signals activate immuno-responsive cells to produce cytokines that modulate the immune response. Schisandra chinensis has been used traditionally to treat general fatigue, neurasthenia, and spontaneous sweating. In the present study, the effect of constituents of S. chinensis on cytokine release by human monocytic leukemia cells (THP-1) was tested using microparticle-based flow cytometric analysis. Two major lignans, schizandrin (Sch) and gomisin A (Gom A), were identified and shown to induce interleukin (IL)-8, macrophage inflammatory protein-1β (MIP-1β), and granulocyte-macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) release by THP-1 cells. By reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or quantitative real-time PCR, there was a dose-dependent increase of IL-8, MIP-1β and GM-CSF mRNA levels. Thus, Sch and Gom A from S. chinensis enhance cytokine release by THP-1 cells and this effect occurs through mRNA upregulation. Upregulation of MIP-1β and GM-CSF in particular may have clinical applications. Therefore, S. chinensis may be therapeutically beneficial by promoting humoral and cell-mediated immune responses.
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Qin XL, Bi HC, Wang CX, Li JL, Wang XD, Liu LS, Chen X, Huang M. Study of the effect of Wuzhi tablet (Schisandra sphenanthera extract) on tacrolimus tissue distribution in rat by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method. Biomed Chromatogr 2011; 24:399-405. [PMID: 19693766 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for determining tacrolimus (FK506) in rat tissues to study the effect of Schisandra sphenanthera extract on FK506 tissue distribution. After a liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate, FK506 and ascomycin (IS) were subjected to LC-MS/MS analysis using positive electrospray ionization under multiple reactions monitoring mode. Chromatographic separation of FK506 and ascomycin was achieved on a Hypersil BDS C(18) column with a mobile phase consisting of methanol-water (containing 2 mM ammonium acetate, 95 : 5, v/v). The intra- and inter-batch precision of the method were less than 8.8 and 9.8%, respectively. The intra- and inter-batch accuracies ranged from 97.5 to 104.0%. The lowest limit of quantification for FK506 was 0.5 ng/mL. The method was applied to a FK506 tissue distribution study with or without a dose of Wuzhi (WZ) tablet. Most of the FK506 tissue concentrations were slightly increased after a concomitant WZ tablet dose, but the whole blood concentration of FK506 was dramatically increased 3-fold after a concomitant WZ tablet dose. These results indicated that the LC-MS/MS method was rapid and sensitive enough to quantify FK506 in different rat tissues, and strict drug monitoring is recommended when co-administering WZ tablet in clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-ling Qin
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, China
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Schisantherin A exhibits anti-inflammatory properties by down-regulating NF-kappaB and MAPK signaling pathways in lipopolysaccharide-treated RAW 264.7 cells. Inflammation 2010; 33:126-36. [PMID: 20238486 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-009-9166-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Schisantherin A, a dibenzocyclooctadiene lignan isolated from the fruit of Schisandra sphenanthera, has been used as an antitussive, tonic, and sedative agent under the name of Wuweizi in Chinese traditional medicine. In the present study, we carry out a screening program to identify the anti-inflammatory potentials of schisantherin A. We found that schisantherin A reduced lipopolysaccharide (LPS (1 mg/L))-induced levels of TNF-alpha, IL-6, NO, and PGE2 (p<0.01 or p<0.05), and also reduced levels of iNOS and COX-2 in RAW 264.7 macrophages in a concentration-dependent manner. We further investigated signal transduction mechanisms to determine how schisantherin A affects. RAW264.7 cells were pretreated with 0.5, 2.5, or 25 mg/L of schisantherin A 1 h prior to treatment with 1 mg/L of LPS. Thirty minutes later, cells were harvested and mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) activation and I kappaB alpha was measured by Western blot. Alternatively, cells were fixed and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation was measured using immunocytochemical analysis. Signal transduction studies showed that schisantherin A significantly inhibited extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p38, and c-jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation protein expression. Schisantherin A also inhibited p65-NF-kappaB translocation into the nucleus by I kappaB alpha degradation. By using specific inhibitors of ERK, JNK and p38, we found that schisantherin A may inhibit TNF-alpha mostly through ERK pathway. Therefore, schisantherin A may inhibit LPS-induced production of inflammatory cytokines by blocking NF-kappaB and MAPKs signaling in RAW264.7 cells.
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Mechanistic understanding of the different effects of Wuzhi Tablet (Schisandra sphenanthera extract) on the absorption and first-pass intestinal and hepatic metabolism of Tacrolimus (FK506). Int J Pharm 2010; 389:114-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2010.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2009] [Revised: 12/18/2009] [Accepted: 01/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Talib WH, Mahasneh AM. Antiproliferative activity of plant extracts used against cancer in traditional medicine. Sci Pharm 2010; 78:33-45. [PMID: 21179373 PMCID: PMC3002826 DOI: 10.3797/scipharm.0912-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2009] [Accepted: 02/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Forty four extracts from sixteen plants used traditionally as anticancer agents were evaluated in vitro for their antiproliferative activity against Hep-2, MCF-7, and Vero cell lines. Plants were fractionated using ethanol, methanol, chloroform, n-hexane, distilled water, and butanol. The antiproliferative activity was measured by MTT assay. TLC was used to identify active fractions. The apoptotic activity of active fractions was determined using TUNEL colorimetric assay. 20 of these extracts demonstrated significant antiproliferative activity against one or more of the cell lines. These extracts were prepared from Ononis hirta, Inula viscosa, Salvia pinardi, Verbascum sinaiticum and Ononis sicula. Methanol fractions of Ononis hirta (aerial parts) and Inula viscosa (flowers) were the most active fractions against MCF-7 cells with IC(50) of 27.96 and 15.78 Îg/ml respectively and they were less toxic against other cell lines. Other extracts showed lower activity against cancer cell lines. TLC analysis showed the presence of flavonoids and terpenoids in active plants while alkaloids were detected in Ononis hirta (aerial parts) extracts. Ononis hirta (aerial parts) and Inula viscosa (flowers) extracts exerted their antiproliferative activity by inducing apoptosis in cancer cell lines. Further studies are necessary for detailed chemical characterization and more extensive biological evaluation of the most active ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wamidh H Talib
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Jordan, Amman-11942, Jordan.
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Lu Y, Chen DF. Analysis of Schisandra chinensis and Schisandra sphenanthera. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:1980-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.09.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2008] [Revised: 09/12/2008] [Accepted: 09/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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