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Ntaios G, Georgiopoulos G, Perlepe K, Sirimarco G, Strambo D, Eskandari A, Nannoni S, Vemmou A, Koroboki E, Manios E, Rodríguez-Campello A, Cuadrado-Godia E, Roquer J, Arnao V, Caso V, Paciaroni M, Diez-Tejedor E, Fuentes B, Rodríguez Pardo J, Sánchez-Velasco S, Arauz A, Ameriso SF, Pertierra L, Gómez-Schneider M, Hawkes MA, Barboza MA, Chavarria Cano B, Iglesias Mohedano AM, García Pastor A, Gil-Núñez A, Putaala J, Tatlisumak T, Karagkiozi E, Papavasileiou V, Makaritsis K, Bandini F, Vemmos K, Michel P. A tool to identify patients with embolic stroke of undetermined source at high recurrence risk. Neurology 2019; 93:e2094-e2104. [PMID: 31662492 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000008571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A tool to stratify the risk of stroke recurrence in patients with embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS) could be useful in research and clinical practice. We aimed to determine whether a score can be developed and externally validated for the identification of patients with ESUS at high risk for stroke recurrence. METHODS We pooled the data of all consecutive patients with ESUS from 11 prospective stroke registries. We performed multivariable Cox regression analysis to identify predictors of stroke recurrence. Based on the coefficient of each covariate of the fitted multivariable model, we generated an integer-based point scoring system. We validated the score externally assessing its discrimination and calibration. RESULTS In 3 registries (884 patients) that were used as the derivation cohort, age, leukoaraiosis, and multiterritorial infarct were identified as independent predictors of stroke recurrence and were included in the final score, which assigns 1 point per every decade after 35 years of age, 2 points for leukoaraiosis, and 3 points for multiterritorial infarcts (acute or old nonlacunar). The rate of stroke recurrence was 2.1 per 100 patient-years (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.44-3.06) in patients with a score of 0-4 (low risk), 3.74 (95% CI 2.77-5.04) in patients with a score of 5-6 (intermediate risk), and 8.23 (95% CI 5.99-11.3) in patients with a score of 7-12 (high risk). Compared to low-risk patients, the risk of stroke recurrence was significantly higher in intermediate-risk (hazard ratio [HR] 1.78, 95% CI 1.1-2.88) and high-risk patients (HR 4.67, 95% CI 2.83-7.7). The score was well-calibrated in both derivation and external validation cohorts (8 registries, 820 patients) (Hosmer-Lemeshow test χ2: 12.1 [p = 0.357] and χ2: 21.7 [p = 0.753], respectively). The area under the curve of the score was 0.63 (95% CI 0.58-0.68) and 0.60 (95% CI 0.54-0.66), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The proposed score can assist in the identification of patients with ESUS at high risk for stroke recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Ntaios
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.N., K.P., E. Karagkiozi, V.P., K.M.), Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (G.G., A.V., E. Koroboki, E.M., K.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (G.S., D.S., A.E., S.N., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (E.K.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Division of Brain Sciences (E.K.), Department of Stroke Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.R.P., S.S.-V.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S., M.A.H.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK; and Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy.
| | - Georgios Georgiopoulos
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.N., K.P., E. Karagkiozi, V.P., K.M.), Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (G.G., A.V., E. Koroboki, E.M., K.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (G.S., D.S., A.E., S.N., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (E.K.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Division of Brain Sciences (E.K.), Department of Stroke Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.R.P., S.S.-V.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S., M.A.H.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK; and Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy
| | - Kalliopi Perlepe
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.N., K.P., E. Karagkiozi, V.P., K.M.), Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (G.G., A.V., E. Koroboki, E.M., K.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (G.S., D.S., A.E., S.N., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (E.K.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Division of Brain Sciences (E.K.), Department of Stroke Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.R.P., S.S.-V.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S., M.A.H.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK; and Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy
| | - Gaia Sirimarco
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.N., K.P., E. Karagkiozi, V.P., K.M.), Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (G.G., A.V., E. Koroboki, E.M., K.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (G.S., D.S., A.E., S.N., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (E.K.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Division of Brain Sciences (E.K.), Department of Stroke Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.R.P., S.S.-V.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S., M.A.H.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK; and Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy
| | - Davide Strambo
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.N., K.P., E. Karagkiozi, V.P., K.M.), Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (G.G., A.V., E. Koroboki, E.M., K.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (G.S., D.S., A.E., S.N., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (E.K.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Division of Brain Sciences (E.K.), Department of Stroke Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.R.P., S.S.-V.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S., M.A.H.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK; and Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy
| | - Ashraf Eskandari
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.N., K.P., E. Karagkiozi, V.P., K.M.), Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (G.G., A.V., E. Koroboki, E.M., K.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (G.S., D.S., A.E., S.N., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (E.K.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Division of Brain Sciences (E.K.), Department of Stroke Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.R.P., S.S.-V.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S., M.A.H.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK; and Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy
| | - Stefania Nannoni
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.N., K.P., E. Karagkiozi, V.P., K.M.), Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (G.G., A.V., E. Koroboki, E.M., K.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (G.S., D.S., A.E., S.N., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (E.K.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Division of Brain Sciences (E.K.), Department of Stroke Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.R.P., S.S.-V.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S., M.A.H.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK; and Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy
| | - Anastasia Vemmou
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.N., K.P., E. Karagkiozi, V.P., K.M.), Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (G.G., A.V., E. Koroboki, E.M., K.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (G.S., D.S., A.E., S.N., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (E.K.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Division of Brain Sciences (E.K.), Department of Stroke Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.R.P., S.S.-V.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S., M.A.H.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK; and Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy
| | - Eleni Koroboki
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.N., K.P., E. Karagkiozi, V.P., K.M.), Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (G.G., A.V., E. Koroboki, E.M., K.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (G.S., D.S., A.E., S.N., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (E.K.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Division of Brain Sciences (E.K.), Department of Stroke Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.R.P., S.S.-V.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S., M.A.H.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK; and Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy
| | - Efstathios Manios
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.N., K.P., E. Karagkiozi, V.P., K.M.), Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (G.G., A.V., E. Koroboki, E.M., K.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (G.S., D.S., A.E., S.N., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (E.K.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Division of Brain Sciences (E.K.), Department of Stroke Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.R.P., S.S.-V.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S., M.A.H.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK; and Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy
| | - Ana Rodríguez-Campello
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.N., K.P., E. Karagkiozi, V.P., K.M.), Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (G.G., A.V., E. Koroboki, E.M., K.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (G.S., D.S., A.E., S.N., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (E.K.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Division of Brain Sciences (E.K.), Department of Stroke Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.R.P., S.S.-V.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S., M.A.H.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK; and Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy
| | - Elisa Cuadrado-Godia
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.N., K.P., E. Karagkiozi, V.P., K.M.), Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (G.G., A.V., E. Koroboki, E.M., K.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (G.S., D.S., A.E., S.N., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (E.K.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Division of Brain Sciences (E.K.), Department of Stroke Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.R.P., S.S.-V.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S., M.A.H.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK; and Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy
| | - Jaume Roquer
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.N., K.P., E. Karagkiozi, V.P., K.M.), Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (G.G., A.V., E. Koroboki, E.M., K.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (G.S., D.S., A.E., S.N., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (E.K.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Division of Brain Sciences (E.K.), Department of Stroke Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.R.P., S.S.-V.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S., M.A.H.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK; and Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy
| | - Valentina Arnao
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.N., K.P., E. Karagkiozi, V.P., K.M.), Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (G.G., A.V., E. Koroboki, E.M., K.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (G.S., D.S., A.E., S.N., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (E.K.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Division of Brain Sciences (E.K.), Department of Stroke Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.R.P., S.S.-V.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S., M.A.H.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK; and Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy
| | - Valeria Caso
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.N., K.P., E. Karagkiozi, V.P., K.M.), Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (G.G., A.V., E. Koroboki, E.M., K.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (G.S., D.S., A.E., S.N., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (E.K.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Division of Brain Sciences (E.K.), Department of Stroke Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.R.P., S.S.-V.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S., M.A.H.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK; and Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy
| | - Maurizio Paciaroni
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.N., K.P., E. Karagkiozi, V.P., K.M.), Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (G.G., A.V., E. Koroboki, E.M., K.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (G.S., D.S., A.E., S.N., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (E.K.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Division of Brain Sciences (E.K.), Department of Stroke Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.R.P., S.S.-V.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S., M.A.H.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK; and Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy
| | - Exuperio Diez-Tejedor
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.N., K.P., E. Karagkiozi, V.P., K.M.), Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (G.G., A.V., E. Koroboki, E.M., K.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (G.S., D.S., A.E., S.N., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (E.K.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Division of Brain Sciences (E.K.), Department of Stroke Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.R.P., S.S.-V.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S., M.A.H.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK; and Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy
| | - Blanca Fuentes
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.N., K.P., E. Karagkiozi, V.P., K.M.), Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (G.G., A.V., E. Koroboki, E.M., K.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (G.S., D.S., A.E., S.N., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (E.K.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Division of Brain Sciences (E.K.), Department of Stroke Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.R.P., S.S.-V.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S., M.A.H.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK; and Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy
| | - Jorge Rodríguez Pardo
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.N., K.P., E. Karagkiozi, V.P., K.M.), Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (G.G., A.V., E. Koroboki, E.M., K.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (G.S., D.S., A.E., S.N., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (E.K.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Division of Brain Sciences (E.K.), Department of Stroke Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.R.P., S.S.-V.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S., M.A.H.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK; and Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy
| | - Sara Sánchez-Velasco
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.N., K.P., E. Karagkiozi, V.P., K.M.), Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (G.G., A.V., E. Koroboki, E.M., K.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (G.S., D.S., A.E., S.N., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (E.K.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Division of Brain Sciences (E.K.), Department of Stroke Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.R.P., S.S.-V.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S., M.A.H.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK; and Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy
| | - Antonio Arauz
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.N., K.P., E. Karagkiozi, V.P., K.M.), Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (G.G., A.V., E. Koroboki, E.M., K.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (G.S., D.S., A.E., S.N., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (E.K.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Division of Brain Sciences (E.K.), Department of Stroke Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.R.P., S.S.-V.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S., M.A.H.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK; and Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy
| | - Sebastian F Ameriso
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.N., K.P., E. Karagkiozi, V.P., K.M.), Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (G.G., A.V., E. Koroboki, E.M., K.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (G.S., D.S., A.E., S.N., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (E.K.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Division of Brain Sciences (E.K.), Department of Stroke Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.R.P., S.S.-V.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S., M.A.H.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK; and Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy
| | - Lucía Pertierra
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.N., K.P., E. Karagkiozi, V.P., K.M.), Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (G.G., A.V., E. Koroboki, E.M., K.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (G.S., D.S., A.E., S.N., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (E.K.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Division of Brain Sciences (E.K.), Department of Stroke Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.R.P., S.S.-V.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S., M.A.H.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK; and Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy
| | - Maia Gómez-Schneider
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.N., K.P., E. Karagkiozi, V.P., K.M.), Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (G.G., A.V., E. Koroboki, E.M., K.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (G.S., D.S., A.E., S.N., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (E.K.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Division of Brain Sciences (E.K.), Department of Stroke Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.R.P., S.S.-V.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S., M.A.H.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK; and Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy
| | - Maximiliano A Hawkes
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.N., K.P., E. Karagkiozi, V.P., K.M.), Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (G.G., A.V., E. Koroboki, E.M., K.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (G.S., D.S., A.E., S.N., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (E.K.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Division of Brain Sciences (E.K.), Department of Stroke Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.R.P., S.S.-V.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S., M.A.H.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK; and Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy
| | - Miguel A Barboza
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.N., K.P., E. Karagkiozi, V.P., K.M.), Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (G.G., A.V., E. Koroboki, E.M., K.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (G.S., D.S., A.E., S.N., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (E.K.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Division of Brain Sciences (E.K.), Department of Stroke Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.R.P., S.S.-V.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S., M.A.H.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK; and Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy
| | - Beatriz Chavarria Cano
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.N., K.P., E. Karagkiozi, V.P., K.M.), Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (G.G., A.V., E. Koroboki, E.M., K.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (G.S., D.S., A.E., S.N., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (E.K.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Division of Brain Sciences (E.K.), Department of Stroke Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.R.P., S.S.-V.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S., M.A.H.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK; and Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy
| | - Ana Maria Iglesias Mohedano
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.N., K.P., E. Karagkiozi, V.P., K.M.), Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (G.G., A.V., E. Koroboki, E.M., K.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (G.S., D.S., A.E., S.N., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (E.K.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Division of Brain Sciences (E.K.), Department of Stroke Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.R.P., S.S.-V.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S., M.A.H.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK; and Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy
| | - Andrés García Pastor
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.N., K.P., E. Karagkiozi, V.P., K.M.), Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (G.G., A.V., E. Koroboki, E.M., K.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (G.S., D.S., A.E., S.N., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (E.K.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Division of Brain Sciences (E.K.), Department of Stroke Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.R.P., S.S.-V.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S., M.A.H.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK; and Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy
| | - Antonio Gil-Núñez
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.N., K.P., E. Karagkiozi, V.P., K.M.), Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (G.G., A.V., E. Koroboki, E.M., K.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (G.S., D.S., A.E., S.N., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (E.K.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Division of Brain Sciences (E.K.), Department of Stroke Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.R.P., S.S.-V.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S., M.A.H.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK; and Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy
| | - Jukka Putaala
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.N., K.P., E. Karagkiozi, V.P., K.M.), Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (G.G., A.V., E. Koroboki, E.M., K.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (G.S., D.S., A.E., S.N., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (E.K.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Division of Brain Sciences (E.K.), Department of Stroke Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.R.P., S.S.-V.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S., M.A.H.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK; and Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy
| | - Turgut Tatlisumak
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.N., K.P., E. Karagkiozi, V.P., K.M.), Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (G.G., A.V., E. Koroboki, E.M., K.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (G.S., D.S., A.E., S.N., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (E.K.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Division of Brain Sciences (E.K.), Department of Stroke Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.R.P., S.S.-V.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S., M.A.H.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK; and Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy
| | - Efstathia Karagkiozi
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.N., K.P., E. Karagkiozi, V.P., K.M.), Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (G.G., A.V., E. Koroboki, E.M., K.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (G.S., D.S., A.E., S.N., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (E.K.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Division of Brain Sciences (E.K.), Department of Stroke Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.R.P., S.S.-V.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S., M.A.H.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK; and Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy
| | - Vasileios Papavasileiou
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.N., K.P., E. Karagkiozi, V.P., K.M.), Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (G.G., A.V., E. Koroboki, E.M., K.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (G.S., D.S., A.E., S.N., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (E.K.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Division of Brain Sciences (E.K.), Department of Stroke Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.R.P., S.S.-V.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S., M.A.H.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK; and Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy
| | - Konstantinos Makaritsis
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.N., K.P., E. Karagkiozi, V.P., K.M.), Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (G.G., A.V., E. Koroboki, E.M., K.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (G.S., D.S., A.E., S.N., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (E.K.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Division of Brain Sciences (E.K.), Department of Stroke Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.R.P., S.S.-V.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S., M.A.H.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK; and Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy
| | - Fabio Bandini
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.N., K.P., E. Karagkiozi, V.P., K.M.), Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (G.G., A.V., E. Koroboki, E.M., K.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (G.S., D.S., A.E., S.N., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (E.K.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Division of Brain Sciences (E.K.), Department of Stroke Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.R.P., S.S.-V.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S., M.A.H.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK; and Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy
| | - Konstantinos Vemmos
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.N., K.P., E. Karagkiozi, V.P., K.M.), Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (G.G., A.V., E. Koroboki, E.M., K.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (G.S., D.S., A.E., S.N., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (E.K.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Division of Brain Sciences (E.K.), Department of Stroke Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.R.P., S.S.-V.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S., M.A.H.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK; and Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy
| | - Patrik Michel
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.N., K.P., E. Karagkiozi, V.P., K.M.), Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (G.G., A.V., E. Koroboki, E.M., K.V.), Medical School of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (G.S., D.S., A.E., S.N., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (E.K.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Division of Brain Sciences (E.K.), Department of Stroke Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Stroke Unit (A.R.-C., E.C.-G., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Unit (V.A., V.C., M.P.), University of Perugia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (E.D.-T., B.F., J.R.P., S.S.-V.), La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Spain; Stroke Clinic (A.A.), Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Neurology (S.F.A., L.P., M.G.-S., M.A.H.), Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neurosciences Department (M.A.B.), Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, University of Costa Rica; Vascular Neurology Section (B.C.C., A.M.I.M., A.G.P., A.G.-N.), Stroke Center, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM Health Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.P., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Stroke Service (V.P.), Department of Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical School, University of Leeds, UK; and Department of Neurology (F.B.), S. Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy
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