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Sher Y, Desai N, Sole J, D'souza MP. Dyspnea and Dyspnea-Associated Anxiety in the ICU Patient Population: A Narrative Review for CL Psychiatrists. J Acad Consult Liaison Psychiatry 2024; 65:54-65. [PMID: 37952697 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaclp.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Consultation-liaison psychiatrists frequently address dyspnea in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Dyspnea is common in this patient population, but is frequently misunderstood and underappreciated in noncommunicative ICU patients. OBJECTIVE This paper provides an updated review on dyspnea specifically in the ICU population, including its pathophysiology and management, pharmacological and nonpharmacological, aimed at consultation-liaison psychiatrists consulting in ICU. METHODS A literature review was conducted with PubMed, querying published articles for topics associated with dyspnea and dyspnea-associated anxiety in ICU patient populations. When literature in ICU populations was limited, information was deduced from dyspnea and anxiety management from non-ICU populations. Articles discussing the definition of dyspnea, mechanistic pathways, screening tools, and pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic management were included. RESULTS A reference guide was created to help consultation-liaison psychiatrists and intensivists in the screening and treatment of dyspnea and dyspnea-associated anxiety in critically ill patients. CONCLUSIONS Dyspnea is frequently associated with anxiety, prolonged days on mechanical ventilation, and worse quality of life after discharge. It can also increase the risk of posttraumatic stress disorder post-ICU discharge. However, it is not routinely screened for, identified, or addressed in the ICU. This manuscript provides an updated review on dyspnea and dyspnea-associated anxietyin the ICU population, including its pathophysiology and management, and offers a useful reference for consultation-liaison psychiatrists to provide treatment recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelizaveta Sher
- Division of Medical Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine.
| | - Nikita Desai
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Jon Sole
- Division of Medical Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Melissa Patricia D'souza
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine
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Gayathri E, Sowmya P, Punnagai K, Mahalakshmi V. Comparative study on the efficacy and safety of bepotastine besilate versus levocetirizine in chronic spontaneous urticaria: A randomised, open-label, parallel study. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2023; 89:672-679. [PMID: 37067147 DOI: 10.25259/ijdvl_333_2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Background Urticaria is a common skin disease which often causes impairment in the quality of life. The ideal drug for chronic urticaria would have antihistaminic and anti-inflammatory actions. Bepotastine besilate is a recently approved novel anti-allergic agent with multiple mechanisms of action; levocetirizine is a potent and selective second-generation H1 receptor antagonist used in the treatment of urticaria. Aim To compare the efficacy and safety of bepotastine besilate versus levocetirizine in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria. Methods The study design is a randomised, open-label, parallel-group, prospective interventional study. The study subjects were randomly assigned to either of the two groups a and b, each group had 50 patients with chronic urticaria. Statistical analyses were performed using (SPSS, version 18) for all the variables. Chi-square test was used for comparison between categorical variables. An unpaired student's t-test was done for quantitative variables. Results There was a significant decrease in mean urticaria activity score (P < 0.001), chronic urticaria quality of life (P < 0.001) and clinical global improvement (P < 0.001) in both the treatment groups but this improvement was higher in the bepotastine than in the levocetirizine group. There was no significant difference in the mean of absolute eosinophil count, C-reactive protein, aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase from baseline to 4th week between the two study groups. Visual analogue scale showed statistically significant improvement from baseline to 4th week (P < 0.001) of follow-up but this increase was higher in levocetirizine group (0.64-4.24) than in bepotastine group (0.56-2.56) Limitations Blinding was not done. To assess the efficacy and safety of bepotastine, a larger study can be planned. Conclusion This study found that bepotastine is superior to levocetirizine and showed a statistically significant reduction in mean urticaria activity score 7, improved quality of life and clinical global improvement in patients with urticaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elango Gayathri
- Department of Pharmacology, Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan Medical College, Perambalur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Parvathareddy Sowmya
- Department of Pharmacology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College & Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kumaravelu Punnagai
- Department of Pharmacology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College & Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Veeraraghavan Mahalakshmi
- Department of Pharmacology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College & Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Riedl R, Wallert M, Lorkowski S, Wiegand C. Effects of Histamine and the α-Tocopherol Metabolite α-13'-COOH in an Atopic Dermatitis Full-Thickness Skin Model. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28010440. [PMID: 36615633 PMCID: PMC9824170 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis is a T-cell mediated inflammatory skin disease with detected elevated levels of histamine in skin or plasma. In this study, the effects of histamine in a TH2 cytokine environment on human keratinocytes and three-dimensional skin models were investigated. These models were used to explore the anti-inflammatory properties of the α-tocopherol-derived long-chain metabolite α-13'-carboxychromanol (α-13'-COOH). Histamine and TH2 cytokine-induced proliferation of keratinocytes was studied using a scratch assay. The inflammatory marker interleukin-8 was significantly increased in healthy and TH2 cytokine-stimulated keratinocytes and skin models after histamine treatment. The incubation of full-thickness skin models with TH2 cytokines and histamine resulted in morphological changes in the epidermal layer, interpreted as hyperkeratosis. α-13'-COOH significantly decreased interleukin-8 in these disease-associated skin models. Histological staining of filaggrin showed skin-strengthening effects following α-13'-COOH treatment, without changes in mRNA expression. Cytokeratin 10 mRNA expression tended to be increased in response to α-13'-COOH. Anti-allergic properties of α-13'-COOH were studied by pre-incubation of human leukocytes with α-13'-COOH. This resulted in reduced sulfido-leukotriene synthesis. The hyperproliferation effect of histamine in atopic dermatitis skin models may be of further interest to the study of disease-associated morphological changes. Moreover, α-13'-COOH is a promising natural compound for the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Riedl
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Maria Wallert
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Lorkowski
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Cornelia Wiegand
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
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Missner AA, Johns JD, Gu S, Hoa M. Repurposable Drugs That Interact with Steroid Responsive Gene Targets for Inner Ear Disease. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1641. [PMID: 36358991 PMCID: PMC9687275 DOI: 10.3390/biom12111641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Corticosteroids, oral or transtympanic, remain the mainstay for inner ear diseases characterized by hearing fluctuation or sudden changes in hearing, including sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL), Meniere's disease (MD), and autoimmune inner ear disease (AIED). Despite their use across these diseases, the rate of complete recovery remains low, and results across the literature demonstrates significant heterogeneity with respect to the effect of corticosteroids, suggesting a need to identify more efficacious treatment options. Previously, our group has cross-referenced steroid-responsive genes in the cochlea with published single-cell and single-nucleus transcriptome datasets to demonstrate that steroid-responsive differentially regulated genes are expressed in spiral ganglion neurons (SGN) and stria vascularis (SV) cell types. These differentially regulated genes represent potential druggable gene targets. We utilized multiple gene target databases (DrugBank, Pharos, and LINCS) to identify orally administered, FDA approved medications that potentially target these genes. We identified 42 candidate drugs that have been shown to interact with these genes, with an emphasis on safety profile, and tolerability. This study utilizes multiple databases to identify drugs that can target a number of druggable genes in otologic disorders that are commonly treated with steroids, providing a basis for establishing novel repurposing treatment trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James Dixon Johns
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Shoujun Gu
- Auditory Development and Restoration Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael Hoa
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA
- Auditory Development and Restoration Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Fujikawa M, Sugimoto H, Tamura R, Fujikawa K, Yamagishi A, Ueda Y. Effects of mucopolysaccharide polysulphate on tight junction barrier in human epidermal keratinocytes. Exp Dermatol 2022; 31:1676-1684. [PMID: 35770317 PMCID: PMC9796026 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Tight junctions (TJs) play important roles in epidermal barrier function and their dysfunction is involved in the pathogenesis of various skin diseases, including atopic dermatitis (AD). Mucopolysaccharide polysulphate (MPS) is the active ingredient of a moisturizing agent used to treat xerosis in patients with AD; however, its mechanism of action on TJ barrier function remains unclear. To elucidate the effects of MPS on TJs, adult human epidermal keratinocyte (HEKa) cells were exposed to MPS, subjected to Western blotting and quantitative PCR analyses for the investigation of TJ-related factors. MPS treatment significantly increased the mRNA and protein expression of claudin-1 (CLDN1) and zonula occludens-1, and significantly increased transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), which indicates TJ integrity. Conversely, the sulphated and non-sulphated glycosaminoglycans, chondroitin sulphate and hyaluronic acid, respectively, had little effect on TEER or the expression of mRNAs or TJ-related proteins. Interestingly, MPS treatment also inactivated the extracellular signal-regulated kinase signalling pathway, which is known to negatively regulate CLDN1 expression. Furthermore, MPS notably improved the reduction in CLDN1 expression and TEER caused by histamine, which is upregulated in the skin of patients with AD and is known to disrupt the TJ barrier function. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that treatment with the moisturizing agent, MPS, can repair TJ dysfunction and could therefore represent a new therapeutic option for treating patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rie Tamura
- Kyoto R&D Center, Maruho Co., Ltd.KyotoJapan
| | | | | | - Yuhki Ueda
- Kyoto R&D Center, Maruho Co., Ltd.KyotoJapan
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Yanai K, Yoshikawa T, Church MK. Efficacy and Safety of Non-brain Penetrating H 1-Antihistamines for the Treatment of Allergic Diseases. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2021; 59:193-214. [PMID: 34622396 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2021_265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
H1 receptor antagonists, known as H1-antihistamines (AHs), inactivate the histamine H1-receptor thereby preventing histamine causing the primary symptoms of allergic diseases, such as atopic dermatitis, pollinosis, food allergies, and urticaria. AHs, which are classified into first-generation (fgAHs) and second-generation (sgAHs) antihistamines, are the first line of treatment for allergic diseases. Although fgAHs are effective, they cause adverse reactions such as potent sedating effects, including drowsiness, lassitude, and cognitive impairment; anticholinergic effects, including thirst and tachycardia. Consequently, the use of fgAHs is not recommended for allergic diseases. Today, sgAHs, which are minimally sedating and, therefore, may be used at more effective doses, are the first-line treatment for alleviating the symptoms of allergic diseases. Pharmacologically, the use of sedating fgAHs is limited to antiemetics, anti-motion sickness drugs, and antivertigo drugs. The use of histamine H1-receptor occupancy (H1RO) based on positron emission tomography (PET) has been developed for the evaluation of brain penetrability. Based on the results of the H1RO-PET studies, non-brain-penetrating AHs (nbpAHs) have recently been reclassified among sgAHs. The nbpAHs are rapidly acting and exhibit minimal adverse reactions and, thus, are considered first-line drugs for allergic diseases. In this review, we will introduce recent topics on the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of AHs and make recommendations for the use of nbpAHs as first-line treatment options for allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Yanai
- Department of Pharmacology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan. .,Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center (CYRIC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Takeo Yoshikawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Martin K Church
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charitè-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
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Franco P, De Marco I. Controlled-release antihistamines using supercritical antisolvent process. J Supercrit Fluids 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2021.105201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Takamura Y, Kakuta H. In Vivo Receptor Visualization and Evaluation of Receptor Occupancy with Positron Emission Tomography. J Med Chem 2021; 64:5226-5251. [PMID: 33905258 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is useful for noninvasive in vivo visualization of disease-related receptors, for evaluation of receptor occupancy to determine an appropriate drug dosage, and for proof-of-concept of drug candidates in translational research. For these purposes, the specificity of the PET tracer for the target receptor is critical. Here, we review work in this area, focusing on the chemical structures of reported PET tracers, their Ki/Kd values, and the physical properties relevant to target receptor selectivity. Among these physical properties, such as cLogP, cLogD, molecular weight, topological polar surface area, number of hydrogen bond donors, and pKa, we focus especially on LogD and LogP as important physical properties that can be easily compared across a range of studies. We discuss the success of PET tracers in evaluating receptor occupancy and consider likely future developments in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Takamura
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1-1-1, Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kakuta
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1-1-1, Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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Radia AJ, Lalpara JN, Modasiya IJ, Dubal GG. Design and synthesis of novel 1,3,4‐oxadiazole based azaspirocycles catalyzed by
NaI
under mild condition and evaluated their antidiabetic and antibacterial activities. J Heterocycl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashish J. Radia
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science RK University Rajkot India
| | | | - Ishita J. Modasiya
- Department of Microbiology, School of Science RK University Rajkot India
| | - Gaurang G. Dubal
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science RK University Rajkot India
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Chiu CC, Liu KS, Chen YW, Hung CH, Wang JJ. Chlorpheniramine produces cutaneous analgesia in rats. Pharmacol Rep 2020; 72:827-832. [PMID: 32048250 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-019-00028-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study sought to assess the cutaneous (peripheral) analgesic effects of antihistamine chlorpheniramine, compared with the long-lasting local anesthetic bupivacaine. METHODS After chlorpheniramine and bupivacaine were subcutaneously injected under the dorsal skin of the rats, the cutaneous analgesia effect was quantitatively evaluated by scoring the number to which the animal failed to react (cutaneous trunci muscle reflex). The quality and duration of chlorpheniramine and bupivacaine on infiltrative cutaneous analgesia were compared. RESULTS We revealed that subcutaneous chlorpheniramine, as well as the local anesthetic bupivacaine elicited cutaneous analgesia in a dosage-dependent manner. Based on their ED50s (50% effective doses), the relative potency was found to be chlorpheniramine [1.13 (1.05-1.22) μmol] < bupivacaine [0.52 (0.46-0.58) μmol] (p < 0.01). When comparing the ED25s, ED50s and ED75s, full recovery time induced by chlorpheniramine was longer (p < 0.01) than that induced by bupivacaine. CONCLUSIONS Our preclinical data demonstrated that both chlorpheniramine and bupivacaine dose-dependently provoked the cutaneous analgesic effects. Chlorpheniramine with a more prolonged duration was less potent than bupivacaine in inducing cutaneous analgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong-Chi Chiu
- Department of General Surgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Sheng Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsia Hung
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 Ta-Hsueh Road, Tainan, Taiwan.
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Jhi-Joung Wang
- Department of Medical Research, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- Allied AI Biomed Center, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
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Arshad MS, Shahzad A, Abbas N, AlAsiri A, Hussain A, Kucuk I, Chang MW, Bukhari NI, Ahmad Z. Preparation and characterization of indomethacin loaded films by piezoelectric inkjet printing: a personalized medication approach. Pharm Dev Technol 2019; 25:197-205. [DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2019.1684520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sohail Arshad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - Aqeel Shahzad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Nasir Abbas
- College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ali AlAsiri
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - Amjad Hussain
- College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Israfil Kucuk
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Turkey
| | - M.-W. Chang
- Nanotechnology and Integrated Bioengineering Centre, University of Ulster, Newtownabbey, Northern Ireland, UK
| | | | - Zeeshan Ahmad
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
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Structural and clinical impact of anti-allergy agents: An overview. Bioorg Chem 2019; 94:103351. [PMID: 31668464 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Allergic disorders are markedly rising in industrialized countries. The identification of compounds that trigger the immunoglobulin E (IgE)-dependent allergic reaction remain the means to improve the quality of life by limiting patient's exposure to critical allergens. Information concerning the treatment and onset of allergic disorders including atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, and bronchial asthma has been provided by the research over the past decade. Recent studies also indicated that allergic inflammation is associated closely with their exacerbation and progression and indeed is the basic pathophysiology of allergic diseases. As a result of immunological and molecular biological studies our understanding of the mechanism of allergic inflammation with regard to therapeutic agents has improved. While much effort has been paid to developing a new anti-allergic agent, the allergic disease has yet to be completely conquered. The more extensive research will allow the development of new therapeutics to combat allergic diseases. Currently, with respect to mechanism of action anti-allergy drugs are classified into five types including histamine H1 antagonists, leukotriene antagonists, Th2 cytokine inhibitors, thromboxane A2 inhibitors and mediator-release inhibitors. The use of two or more anti-allergy agents together is not acknowledged at present, but this will be the subject of research in the future because with different mechanisms of action anti-allergy agents used at the same time will theoretically increase their effects. This review article focuses on anti-allergy agents highlighting their applications, clinical trials and recent advancement on drugs.
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Kuroda T, Nagata SI, Tamura N, Mita H, Kusano K, Mizobe F, Takizawa Y, Fukuda K, Kasashima Y. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of olopatadine following administration via nasogastric tube to healthy horses. Am J Vet Res 2019; 80:689-695. [PMID: 31246121 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.80.7.689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the pharmacokinetics and antihistaminic effects (pharmacodynamics) of olopatadine in a small population of healthy horses after administration via nasogastric tube. ANIMALS 4 healthy adult Thoroughbreds. PROCEDURES Olopatadine (0.1 mg/kg, once) was administered via nasogastric tube. Blood samples were collected at predetermined time points for pharmacokinetic analyses of the drug in plasma. Olopatadine effects were investigated by measurement of cutaneous wheals induced by ID histamine injection (0.1 mL [10 μg]/injection) at predetermined time points. Inhibition effect ratios were calculated on the basis of measured wheal size (area) after versus before olopatadine administration. RESULTS Mean ± SD maximum plasma olopatadine concentration was 48.8 ± 11.0 ng/mL approximately 1.5 hours after administration. Median terminal half-life was 6.11 hours. Mean ± SD maximal effect was 88.2 ± 4.9% inhibition approximately 3.5 hours after drug delivery, and the inhibition effect remained > 80% for 12.5 hours after treatment. No signs of adverse clinical effects were observed. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested olopatadine may have a strong, long-term inhibitory effect against histamine-induced wheals in the skin of horses. Clinical research with a larger number of horses is warranted.
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Nakamura T, Hiraoka K, Harada R, Matsuzawa T, Ishikawa Y, Funaki Y, Yoshikawa T, Tashiro M, Yanai K, Okamura N. Brain histamine H 1 receptor occupancy after oral administration of desloratadine and loratadine. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2019; 7:e00499. [PMID: 31338198 PMCID: PMC6624455 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Some histamine H1 receptor (H1R) antagonists induce adverse sedative reactions caused by blockade of histamine transmission in the brain. Desloratadine is a second-generation antihistamine for treatment of allergic disorders. Its binding to brain H1Rs, which is the basis of sedative property of antihistamines, has not been examined previously in the human brain by positron emission tomography (PET). We examined brain H1R binding potential ratio (BPR), H1R occupancy (H1RO), and subjective sleepiness after oral desloratadine administration in comparison to loratadine. Eight healthy male volunteers underwent PET imaging with [11C]-doxepin, a PET tracer for H1Rs, after a single oral administration of desloratadine (5 mg), loratadine (10 mg), or placebo in a double-blind crossover study. BPR and H1RO in the cerebral cortex were calculated, and plasma concentrations of loratadine and desloratadine were measured. Subjective sleepiness was quantified by the Line Analogue Rating Scale (LARS) and the Stanford Sleepiness Scale (SSS). BPR was significantly lower after loratadine administration than after placebo (0.504 ± 0.074 vs 0.584 ± 0.059 [mean ± SD], P < 0.05), but BPR after desloratadine administration was not significantly different from BPR after placebo (0.546 ± 0.084 vs 0.584 ± 0.059, P = 0.250). The plasma concentration of loratadine was negatively correlated with BPR in subjects receiving loratadine, but that of desloratadine was not correlated with BPR. Brain H1ROs after desloratadine and loratadine administration were 6.47 ± 10.5% and 13.8 ± 7.00%, respectively (P = 0.103). Subjective sleepiness did not significantly differ among subjects receiving the two antihistamines and placebo. At therapeutic doses, desloratadine did not bind significantly to brain H1Rs and did not induce any significant sedation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadaho Nakamura
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of MedicineTohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical UniversitySendaiJapan
- Department of PharmacologyTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Kotaro Hiraoka
- Cyclotron and Radioisotope CenterTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
| | - Ryuichi Harada
- Department of PharmacologyTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Takuro Matsuzawa
- Department of PharmacologyTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Yoichi Ishikawa
- Cyclotron and Radioisotope CenterTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
| | | | - Takeo Yoshikawa
- Department of PharmacologyTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Manabu Tashiro
- Cyclotron and Radioisotope CenterTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
| | - Kazuhiko Yanai
- Department of PharmacologyTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Nobuyuki Okamura
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of MedicineTohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical UniversitySendaiJapan
- Department of PharmacologyTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
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3D-Organotypic Cultures to Unravel Molecular and Cellular Abnormalities in Atopic Dermatitis and Ichthyosis Vulgaris. Cells 2019; 8:cells8050489. [PMID: 31121896 PMCID: PMC6562513 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is characterized by dry and itchy skin evolving into disseminated skin lesions. AD is believed to result from a primary acquired or a genetically-induced epidermal barrier defect leading to immune hyper-responsiveness. Filaggrin (FLG) is a protein found in the cornified envelope of fully differentiated keratinocytes, referred to as corneocytes. Although FLG null mutations are strongly associated with AD, they are not sufficient to induce the disease. Moreover, most patients with ichthyosis vulgaris (IV), a monogenetic skin disease characterized by FLG homozygous, heterozygous, or compound heterozygous null mutations, display non-inflamed dry and scaly skin. Thus, all causes of epidermal barrier impairment in AD have not yet been identified, including those leading to the Th2-predominant inflammation observed in AD. Three dimensional organotypic cultures have emerged as valuable tools in skin research, replacing animal experimentation in many cases and precluding the need for repeated patient biopsies. Here, we review the results on IV and AD obtained with epidermal or skin equivalents and consider these findings in the context of human in vivo data. Further research utilizing complex models including immune cells and cutaneous innervation will enable finer dissection of the pathogenesis of AD and deepen our knowledge of epidermal biology.
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Cho H, Myung J, Suh HS, Kang HY. Antihistamine use and the risk of injurious falls or fracture in elderly patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Osteoporos Int 2018; 29:2163-2170. [PMID: 30046925 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-018-4564-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Despite their anticholinergic side effects, first-generation antihistamines are widely prescribed to elderly patients. A systematic review was conducted to synthesize real-world evidence. First-generation antihistamine use is considerably associated with an increased risk of injurious falls or fracture among the elderly. INTRODUCTION First-generation antihistamines are considered potentially inappropriate for elderly patients owing to anticholinergic side effects. We aimed to determine whether elderly patients taking antihistamines are at increased risk of injurious falls or fracture. METHODS We identified studies in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and several local databases through November 2016. Observational studies on the association between antihistamine use and the risk of injurious falls or fracture were selected. Quality of the studies and the level of evidence were assessed. The random-effects model was employed for meta-analysis, and heterogeneity was examined based on I-square and Cochrane's Q test. Subgroup analyses were performed when the heterogeneity among studies could not be explained. RESULTS From 473 identified studies, five (three case-control studies, one cohort study, and one case-crossover study) were included in our analysis based on eligibility criteria. First-generation antihistamine use showed significantly increased risk of injurious falls or fracture (odds ratio [OR] 2.03, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.49-2.76, heterogeneity: p = 0.41, I2 = 0%). Studies including antihistamines of all generations or containing no generation information were dealing with falls during hospitalization. Among these studies, the association was statistically significant without heterogeneity (OR 2.89, 95% CI 1.71-4.89, heterogeneity: p = 0.42, I2 = 0%). Due to the small number of studies included and unadjusted results, meaningful interpretation based on subgroup analysis was limited. CONCLUSIONS First-generation antihistamine use is considerably associated with increased risk of injurious falls or fracture among the elderly. Clinicians need to exercise caution when prescribing first-generation antihistamines to elderly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - J Myung
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - H S Suh
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - H-Y Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, South Korea.
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Kay LJ, Suvarna SK, Peachell PT. Histamine H 4 receptor mediates chemotaxis of human lung mast cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 837:38-44. [PMID: 30148998 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The diverse effects of histamine are mediated by discrete histamine receptors. The principal repository of histamine in the body is the mast cell. However, the effects of histamine on mast cells, especially those of human origin, have not been fully elucidated. In this study, the expression of histamine receptors in human lung mast cells was evaluated. Moreover, the effects of histamine receptor engagement on both mediator release and chemotaxis were investigated. Mast cells were isolated and purified from human lung tissue. Histamine receptor expression was determined by RT-PCR and q-PCR. Both methods for the detection of histamine receptors were in accordance and human lung mast cells expressed mRNA for histamine H4 and histamine H1 receptors, variably expressed histamine H2 receptor but did not express histamine H3 receptor. The effects of selective histamine receptor agonists on the release of both pre-formed (histamine) and newly-synthesised (cysteinyl-leukotriene, prostaglandin D2) mediators were investigated. None of the agonists tested had any direct effects on mediator release. None of the agonists modulated release stimulated by anti-IgE. Further studies showed that histamine induced migration of mast cells. Chemotaxis appeared to be mediated by the histamine H4 receptor since JNJ28610244 (H4 agonist) was chemotactic for mast cells whereas 2-(2-pyridyl) ethylamine (H1 agonist) was not. Furthermore, the selective histamine H4 receptor antagonist, JNJ7777120, effectively reversed the chemotaxis of mast cells induced by JNJ28610244. Overall, these experiments identify the histamine H4 receptor as chemotactic for human lung mast cells. This mechanism might influence mast cell accumulation in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda J Kay
- Academic Unit of Respiratory Medicine, University of Sheffield, The Medical School (Floor L), Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - S Kim Suvarna
- Department of Histopathology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2JF, UK
| | - Peter T Peachell
- Academic Unit of Respiratory Medicine, University of Sheffield, The Medical School (Floor L), Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK.
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Khalilzadeh E, Azarpey F, Hazrati R, Vafaei Saiah G. Evaluation of different classes of histamine H 1 and H 2 receptor antagonist effects on neuropathic nociceptive behavior following tibial nerve transection in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 834:221-229. [PMID: 30009812 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
It seems that histamine release in the site of neuronal injury could contribute to the neuropathic pain mechanism. In the present study, we investigated the anti-allodynic effects of chronic administration of different classes of histamine H1 and H2 receptor antagonists on neuropathic nociceptive behavior following tibial nerve transection (TNT) in rats. Peripheral neuropathy was induced by TNT surgery. We performed acetone tests (AT) to record cold allodynia, Von Frey tests (VFT) to measure mechanical allodynia, double plate test (DPT) to evaluate thermal place preference/avoidance and open field test (OFT) for evaluation of animal activity. TNT rats showed a significant mechanical and cold allodynia compared to the sham group. Chlorpheniramine (5 and 15 mg/kg, i.p) significantly attenuated cold allodynia and prevented cold plate avoidance behavior and at the dose of 15 mg/kg remarkably decreased mechanical allodynia. Fexofenadine (10 and 30 mg/kg, p.o) significantly attenuated the mechanical allodynia and prevented cold plate avoidance. Ranitidine (5 and 15 mg/kg, i.p) significantly prevented cold plate avoidance behavior and at the dose of 15 mg/kg notably improved mechanical and cold allodynia. Famotidine (1 and 3 mg/kg, p.o) was ineffective on all nociceptive tests. Gabapantin (100 mg/kg, p.o) significantly improved all types of nociceptive behaviors. These results indicate that both blood brain barrier penetrating (chlorpheniramine) and poorly penetrating (fexofenadine) histamine H1 receptor antagonists could improve the neuropathic pain sign, but only the blood brain barrier penetrating histamine H2 receptor antagonist (ranitidine) could produce anti-allodynic effects in the TNT model of neuropathic pain in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad Khalilzadeh
- Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Farzin Azarpey
- Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Hazrati
- Brain Research Center, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gholamreza Vafaei Saiah
- Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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Combining MucilAir™ and Vitrocell ® Powder Chamber for the In Vitro Evaluation of Nasal Ointments in the Context of Aerosolized Pollen. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:pharmaceutics10020056. [PMID: 29747472 PMCID: PMC6027377 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10020056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hay fever is notoriously triggered when nasal mucosa is exposed to allergenic pollen. One possibility to overcome this pollen exposure may be the application of an ointment with physical protective effects. In this context, we have investigated Bepanthen® Eye and Nose Ointment and the ointment basis petrolatum as reference while using contemporary in vitro techniques. Pollen from false ragweed (Iva xanthiifolia) was used as an allergy-causing model deposited as aerosol using the Vitrocell® Powder Chamber (VPC) on Transwell® inserts, while being coated with either Bepanthen® Eye and Nose Ointment and petrolatum. No pollen penetration into ointments was observed upon confocal scanning laser microscopy during an incubation period of 2 h at 37 °C. The cellular response was further investigated by integrating the MucilAir™ cell system in the VPC and by applying pollen to Bepanthen® Eye and Nose Ointment covered cell cultures. For comparison, MucilAir™ were stimulated by lipopolysaccharides (LPS). No increased cytokine release of IL-6, TNF-α, or IL-8 was found after 4 h of pollen exposure, which demonstrates the safety of such ointments. Since nasal ointments act as a physical barrier against pollen, such preparations might support the prevention and management of hay fever.
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An assessment of the use of antihistamines in the management of atopic dermatitis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2018; 79:92-96. [PMID: 29317281 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2017.12.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antihistamines are often used to treat pruritus associated with atopic dermatitis (AD) despite lack of evidence for their efficacy. The American Academy of Dermatology does not recommend the general use of antihistamines in the management of AD, although the value of short-term sedating antihistamine use for insomnia secondary to itch is recognized. OBJECTIVE To assess the use of sedating and nonsedating antihistamines for AD in 2003-2012. METHODS The National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey provided data on physician visits in 2003-2012. Sedating and nonsedating antihistamine use was identified at visits for AD. RESULTS There were 990,000 annual visits for AD. Antihistamines were prescribed for AD in a significant proportion of visits across physician specialties (16%-44%). Dermatologists and pediatricians primarily used sedating antihistamines (58%-70%), whereas the majority of family/general practitioners, internists, and other specialists prescribed nonsedating antihistamines for AD (55%-100%) LIMITATIONS: We were limited by the accuracy of AD diagnosis and medication recording. CONCLUSIONS Antihistamines are widely used for the treatment of AD. There is no high-level evidence to suggest that nonsedating antihistamines reduce itch in patients with AD or that sedating antihistamines provide benefit in controlling AD symptoms (except perhaps sleep and AD comorbidities, such as allergic rhinitis).
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Influence of Adalimumab on the Expression Profile of Genes Associated with the Histaminergic System in the Skin Fibroblasts In Vitro. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:1582173. [PMID: 29487864 PMCID: PMC5816894 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1582173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of adalimumab on expression profile of genes associated with the histaminergic system in Normal Human Dermal Fibroblast (NHDF) cells stimulated with 8.00 μg/ml of adalimumab and the identification of miRNAs regulating these genes' expression. Methods NHDFs were cultured with or without the presence of adalimumab for 2, 8, and 24 hours. The expression profile of genes and miRNA were determined with the use of microarray technology. Results Among 22283 ID mRNA, 65 are associated with the histaminergic system. It can be observed that 15 mRNAs differentiate NHDFs cultures with adalimumab form control. The analysis of miRNAs showed that, among 1105 ID miRNA, 20 miRNAs are differentiating in cells treated with adalimumab for 2 hours, 9 miRNA after 8 hours, and only 3 miRNAs after 24 hours. Conclusion It was also determined that miRNAs play certain role in the regulation of the expression of genes associated with the histaminergic system. The results of this study confirmed the possibility of using both genes associated with this system as well as miRNAs regulating their expression, as complementary molecular markers of sensitivity to the adalimumab treatment.
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Practical and Sustainable Synthesis of Optically Pure Levocabastine, a H₁ Receptor Antagonist. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22111971. [PMID: 29140307 PMCID: PMC6150193 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22111971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A practical and sustainable method for the synthesis of levocabastine hydrochloride (1), a H1 receptor antagonist for the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis, that can be applied to the industrial production of the compound has been developed. Substantial improvements over the previously reported procedure are achieved via efficient preparation of an optically active key intermediate (5) without chiral resolution and with a more effective detosylation, which complements the previous procedure. Notably, our process requires no chromatographic purification and provides levocabastine hydrochloride in greater than 99.5% purity in a 14.2% overall yield.
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St. Pierre C, Guo J, Shin JD, Engstrom LW, Lee HH, Herbert A, Surdi L, Baker J, Salmon M, Shah S, Ellis JM, Houshyar H, Crackower MA, Kleinschek MA, Jones DC, Hicks A, Zaller DM, Alves SE, Ramadas RA. A human tissue-based functional assay platform to evaluate the immune function impact of small molecule inhibitors that target the immune system. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180870. [PMID: 28719615 PMCID: PMC5515432 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
While the immune system is essential for the maintenance of the homeostasis, health and survival of humans, aberrant immune responses can lead to chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. Pharmacological modulation of drug targets in the immune system to ameliorate disease also carry a risk of immunosuppression that could lead to adverse outcomes. Therefore, it is important to understand the 'immune fingerprint' of novel therapeutics as they relate to current and, clinically used immunological therapies to better understand their potential therapeutic benefit as well as immunosuppressive ability that might lead to adverse events such as infection risks and cancer. Since the mechanistic investigation of pharmacological modulators in a drug discovery setting is largely compound- and mechanism-centric but not comprehensive in terms of immune system impact, we developed a human tissue based functional assay platform to evaluate the impact of pharmacological modulators on a range of innate and adaptive immune functions. Here, we demonstrate that it is possible to generate a qualitative and quantitative immune system impact of pharmacological modulators, which might help better understand and predict the benefit-risk profiles of these compounds in the treatment of immune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina St. Pierre
- Oncology & Immunology Discovery, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Jane Guo
- Oncology & Immunology Discovery, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - John D. Shin
- Oncology & Immunology Discovery, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Laura W. Engstrom
- Oncology & Immunology Discovery, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Hyun-Hee Lee
- Oncology & Immunology Discovery, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Alan Herbert
- Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Laura Surdi
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - James Baker
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Michael Salmon
- Oncology & Immunology Discovery, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Sanjiv Shah
- Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - J. Michael Ellis
- Exploratory Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Hani Houshyar
- Oncology & Immunology Discovery, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Michael A. Crackower
- Oncology & Immunology Discovery, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Melanie A. Kleinschek
- Oncology & Immunology Discovery, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Dallas C. Jones
- Oncology & Immunology Discovery, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Alexandra Hicks
- Oncology & Immunology Discovery, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Dennis M. Zaller
- Oncology & Immunology Discovery, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Stephen E. Alves
- Oncology & Immunology Discovery, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Ravisankar A. Ramadas
- Oncology & Immunology Discovery, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, MA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Kanamitsu K, Nozaki Y, Nagaya Y, Sugiyama Y, Kusuhara H. Quantitative prediction of histamine H1 receptor occupancy by the sedative and non-sedative antagonists in the human central nervous system based on systemic exposure and preclinical data. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2016; 32:135-144. [PMID: 28190755 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Significant histamine H1 receptor occupation in the central nervous system (CNS) is associated with sedation. Here we examined the time profiles of the H1 receptor occupancy (RO) in the CNS using sedative (diphenhydramine and ketotifen) and non-sedative (bepotastine and olopatadine) antagonists at their therapeutic doses by integrating in vitro and animal data. A pharmacokinetic model was constructed to associate plasma concentrations and receptor binding in the brain. Dissociation and association rate constants with the H1 receptor and plasma and brain unbound fractions were determined in vitro. Passive and active clearances across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) were estimated based on physicochemical properties and microdialysis studies in mice and monkeys. The estimated RO values were comparable with the reported values determined at time to maximum concentration (Tmax) of plasma by positron-emission tomography in humans. The simulation suggested that the predicted maximum ROs by bepotastine and olopatadine were greater than the reported values. Sensitivity analysis showed that active transport across BBB had a significant impact on the RO duration of the H1 antagonists examined. The present study demonstrated that modeling and simulation permits a reasonable RO estimation in the human CNS. Our findings will facilitate the development of CNS-acting drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayoko Kanamitsu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan; Tokushima Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 463-10 Kagasuno, Kawauchi-cho, Tokushima-shi, Tokushima, 771-0192, Japan
| | - Yoshitane Nozaki
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Tsukuba, Tsukuba Research Laboratories, Eisai Co., Ltd., 5-1-3 Tokodai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, 300-2635, Japan
| | - Yoko Nagaya
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Tsukuba, Tsukuba Research Laboratories, Eisai Co., Ltd., 5-1-3 Tokodai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, 300-2635, Japan
| | - Yuichi Sugiyama
- Sugiyama Laboratory, RIKEN Innovation Center, Research Cluster for Innovation, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kusuhara
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
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Gobinath M, Subramanian N, Alagarsamy V. Design, synthesis and H1-antihistaminic activity of novel 1-substituted-4-(3-chlorophenyl)-[1,2,4] triazolo [4,3-a] quinazolin-5(4H)-ones. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2012.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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De Benedetto A, Yoshida T, Fridy S, Park JES, Kuo IH, Beck LA. Histamine and Skin Barrier: Are Histamine Antagonists Useful for the Prevention or Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis? J Clin Med 2015; 4:741-55. [PMID: 26239353 PMCID: PMC4470164 DOI: 10.3390/jcm4040741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic Dermatitis (AD), the most common chronic inflammatory skin disease, is characterized by an overactive immune response to a host of environmental allergens and dry, itchy skin. Over the past decade important discoveries have demonstrated that AD develops in part from genetic and/or acquired defects in the skin barrier. Histamine is an aminergic neurotransmitter involved in physiologic and pathologic processes such as pruritus, inflammation, and vascular leak. Enhanced histamine release has been observed in the skin of patients with AD and antihistamines are often prescribed for their sedating and anti-itch properties. Recent evidence suggests that histamine also inhibits the terminal differentiation of keratinocytes and impairs the skin barrier, raising the question whether histamine might play a role in AD barrier impairment. This, coupled with the notion that histamine’s effects mediated through the recently identified histamine receptor H4R, may be important in allergic inflammation, has renewed interest in this mediator in allergic diseases. In this paper we summarize the current knowledge on histamine and histamine receptor antagonists in AD and skin barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna De Benedetto
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Takeshi Yoshida
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Sade Fridy
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Joo-Eun S Park
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - I-Hsin Kuo
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Lisa A Beck
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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Chlorpheniramine produces spinal motor, proprioceptive and nociceptive blockades in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 752:55-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 01/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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28
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Alagarsamy V, Narendhar B, Sulthana MT, Solomon VR. Design and synthesis of 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(2-(4-substituted)-2-oxoethylthio)quinazolin-4(3H)-one as antihistamine agents. Med Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-014-1034-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Alagarsamy V, Parthiban P. Design and Synthesis of Novel 3-(Phenyl)-2-(3-substituted propylthio) Quinazolin-4-(3H)-ones as a New Class of H1-Antihistaminic Agents. J Heterocycl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.1720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Alagarsamy
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory; MNR College of Pharmacy; Sangareddy Gr. Hyderabad 502 294 Andhra Pradesh State India
| | - P. Parthiban
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory; MNR College of Pharmacy; Sangareddy Gr. Hyderabad 502 294 Andhra Pradesh State India
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Infralimbic cortex controls core body temperature in a histamine dependent manner. Physiol Behav 2014; 128:1-8. [PMID: 24480074 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Revised: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
An increase in body temperature accelerates biochemical reactions and behavioral and physiological responses. A mechanism to actively increase body temperature would be beneficial during motivated behaviors. The prefrontal cortex is implicated in organizing motivated behavior; the infralimbic cortex, a subregion of the medial prefrontal cortex, has the necessary connectivity to serve the role of initiating such thermogenic mechanism at the beginning of the appetitive phase of motivated behavior; further, this cortex is active during motivated behavior and its disinhibition produces a marked behavioral and vegetative arousal increase, together with increases in histamine levels. We wanted to explore if this arousal was related to histaminergic activation after pharmacological infralimbic disinhibition and during the appetitive phase of motivated behavior. We measured core temperature and motor activity in response to picrotoxin injection in the infralimbic cortex, as well as during food-related appetitive behavior, evoked by enticing hungry rats with food. Pretreatment with the H1 receptor antagonist pyrilamine decreased thermal response to picrotoxin and enticement and completely blunted motor response to enticement. Motor and temperature responses to enticement were also completely abolished by infralimbic cortex inhibition with muscimol. To assess if this histamine dependent temperature increase was produced by an active sympathetic mediated thermogenic mechanism or was just a consequence of increased locomotor activity, we injected propranolol (i.p.), a β adrenergic receptor blocker, before picrotoxin injection into the infralimbic cortex. Propranolol reduced the temperature increase without affecting locomotor activity. Altogether, these results suggest that infralimbic activation is necessary for appetitive behavior by inducing a motor and a vegetative arousal increase mediated by central histamine.
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Lin Y, Wang Y, Sima LF, Wang DH, Cao XH, Chen LG, Chen B. Design, synthesis and biological activity evaluation of desloratadine analogues as H1 receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:4178-85. [PMID: 23719280 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A series of N-substituted desloratadine analogues were designed and synthesized. They were tested for H1 antihistamine activity by inhibiting histamine-induced contraction of isolated ileum muscles of guinea-pigs in vitro and inhibiting histamine-induced asthmatic reaction in guinea-pigs in vivo. All the evaluated compounds exhibited significant antihistamine activity compared with desloratadine. Five active compounds induced no sedative effects on mouse and four of them exhibited lower anticholinergic side effects than desloratadine. Among these analogues, compound 10, (1S,4S)-4-chlorocyclohexyl desloratadine displayed the highest activity and best safety profile. And it was believed to be a potential candidate as the 3rd generation antihistamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lin
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Nanjing 210042, PR China
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Synthesis of novel 2-phenyl-3-[2-(substituted amino) ethylamino] quinazolin-4(3H)-ones as a new class of H1-antihistaminic agents. Med Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-012-0243-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Vashisht
- Creighton University, Allergy Immunology/Internal Medicine,
601 N 30th Street, Omaha, Omaha, NE 68131, USA
| | - Thomas Casale
- Creighton University, Allergy and Immunology,
601 N 30th Street, Omaha, NE 68131, USA
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Nonaka A, Masuda F, Nomura H, Matsuki N. Impairment of fear memory consolidation and expression by antihistamines. Brain Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Gschwandtner M, Mildner M, Mlitz V, Gruber F, Eckhart L, Werfel T, Gutzmer R, Elias PM, Tschachler E. Histamine suppresses epidermal keratinocyte differentiation and impairs skin barrier function in a human skin model. Allergy 2013; 68:37-47. [PMID: 23157658 PMCID: PMC3555427 DOI: 10.1111/all.12051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Defects in keratinocyte differentiation and skin barrier are important features of inflammatory skin diseases like atopic dermatitis. Mast cells and their main mediator histamine are abundant in inflamed skin and thus may contribute to disease pathogenesis. Methods Human primary keratinocytes were cultured under differentiation-promoting conditions in the presence and absence of histamine, histamine receptor agonists and antagonists. The expression of differentiation-associated genes and epidermal junction proteins was quantified by real-time PCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence labeling. The barrier function of human skin models was tested by the application of biotin as tracer molecule. Results The addition of histamine to human keratinocyte cultures and organotypic skin models reduced the expression of the differentiation-associated proteins keratin 1/10, filaggrin, and loricrin by 80–95%. Moreover, the addition of histamine to skin models resulted in the loss of the granular layer and thinning of the epidermis and stratum corneum by 50%. The histamine receptor H1R agonist, 2-pyridylethylamine, suppressed keratinocyte differentiation to the same extent as did histamine. Correspondingly, cetirizine, an antagonist of H1R, virtually abrogated the effect of histamine. The expression of tight junction proteins zona occludens-1, occludin, claudin-1, and claudin-4, as well as that of desmosomal junction proteins corneodesmosin and desmoglein-1, was down-regulated by histamine. The tracer molecule biotin readily penetrated the tight junction barrier of skin cultures grown in the presence of histamine, while their diffusion was completely blocked in nontreated controls. Conclusions Our findings suggest a new mechanism by which mast cell activation and histamine release contribute to skin barrier defects in inflammatory skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Gschwandtner
- Research Division of Biology and Pathobiology of the Skin Department of Dermatology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
- Division of Immunodermatology and Allergy Research Department of Dermatology and Allergy Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany
| | - M. Mildner
- Research Division of Biology and Pathobiology of the Skin Department of Dermatology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - V. Mlitz
- Research Division of Biology and Pathobiology of the Skin Department of Dermatology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - F. Gruber
- Research Division of Biology and Pathobiology of the Skin Department of Dermatology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - L. Eckhart
- Research Division of Biology and Pathobiology of the Skin Department of Dermatology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - T. Werfel
- Division of Immunodermatology and Allergy Research Department of Dermatology and Allergy Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany
| | - R. Gutzmer
- Division of Immunodermatology and Allergy Research Department of Dermatology and Allergy Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany
| | - P. M. Elias
- Dermatology Service Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and Department of Dermatology UCSF San FranciscoCAUSA
| | - E. Tschachler
- Research Division of Biology and Pathobiology of the Skin Department of Dermatology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
- CE.R.I.E.S. Neuilly France
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Anti-Inflammatory Actions of Histamine H1 Receptor Antagonists Unrelated to H1 Receptor Blockade. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03259340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Cholorpheniramine tannate complexes: Physicochemical, chemometric, and taste masking evaluation. Int J Pharm 2012; 436:582-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Revised: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Genc M, Yılmaz E, Ilhan S, Karagoz Z. Synthesis, antihistaminic action and theoretical studies of (4-methoxybenzyl)(1,4,5,6-tetrahydropirimidin-2-yl)amine hydroiodide. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-012-0813-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Wang XJ, Xi MY, Fu JH, Zhang FR, Cheng GF, Yin DL, You QD. Synthesis, biological evaluation and SAR studies of benzimidazole derivatives as H1-antihistamine agents. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2012.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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De Paepe P, Lemoyne S, Buylaert W. Disorders of Consciousness Induced by Intoxication. Neurol Clin 2012; 30:359-84, x-xi. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ncl.2011.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Faustino TT, Almeida RBD, Andreatini R. [Medicinal plants for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: a review of controlled clinical studies]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 32:429-36. [PMID: 21308265 DOI: 10.1590/s1516-44462010005000026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2010] [Accepted: 05/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This work aimed to identify controlled trials, which evaluated effectiveness of herbal medicines in subjects suffering generalized anxiety disorder. METHOD Controlled studies (randomized, comparative with placebo and/or standard drug, double-blind) were sought through electronic and hand-searches. The word strategy used "plant OR phytomed* OR extract OR herbal OR medicinal (OR specific name plants)" e "anxie* OR anxioly* OR tranquil* OR GAD", limited to "human OR clinical trial OR randomized controlled trial OR meta-analysis OR review". The search was restricted to English language. RESULTS Piper methysticum presented an unequivocal anxiolytic effect, but most studies also included patients with other anxiety disorders (e.g. phobias). Isolated studies with Ginkgo biloba, Galphimia glauca, Matricaria recutita, Passiflora incarnata and Valeriana officinalis showed a potential use for anxious diseases. Despite this low number of studies, Ginkgo biloba and Matricaria recutita showed an effect size (Cohen's d=0.47 to 0.87) similar or higher to standard anxiolytics drugs (benzodiazepines, buspirone and antidepressants-0.17 to 0.38). No additional study with other plants was found. CONCLUSION Despite the therapeutic potential of medicinal plants in generalized anxiety disorder, very few controlled trials assessing herbal medicines in generalized anxiety disorder were found. Additionally, these studies present serious flaw design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thalita Thais Faustino
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Farmacologia do Sistema Nervoso Central, Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Ahmadi A, Khalili M, Hajikhani R, Safari N, Nahri-Niknafs B. Anti-inflammatory effects of two new methyl and morpholine derivatives of diphenhydramine on rats. Med Chem Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-011-9891-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Alagarsamy V, Parthiban P. Design and synthesis of novel 2-(3-substituted propyl)-3-(2-methyl phenyl) quinazolin-4-(3H)-ones as a new class of H1-antihistaminic agents. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2011; 28:65-71. [PMID: 22074561 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2011.631184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of novel 2-(3-substituted propyl)-3-(2-methyl phenyl) quinazolin-4-(3H)-ones were synthesized by the reaction of 2-(3-bromopropyl thio)-3-(2-methyl phenyl) quinazolin-4-(3H)-one with various amines. The starting material, 2-(3-bromopropyl thio)-3-(2-methyl phenyl) quinazolin-4-(3H)-one was synthesized from 2-methyl aniline. When tested for their in vivo H(1)-antihistaminic activity on conscious guinea pigs, all the test compounds protected the animals from histamine induced bronchospasm significantly. Compound 2-(3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl) propylthio)-3-(2-methyl phenyl) quinazolin-4(3H)-one (OT5) emerged as the most active compound (71.70% protection) of the series when compared to the reference standard chlorpheniramine maleate (70.09% protection). Compound OT5 shows negligible sedation (7%) compared to chlorpheniramine maleate (33%). Therefore, compound OT5 can serve as the leading molecule for further development into a new class of H(1)-antihistaminic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Alagarsamy
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, MNR College of Pharmacy, Sangareddy, Gr. Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India.
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Ohbayashi M, Manzouri B, Morohoshi K, Fukuda K, Ono SJ. The role of histamine in ocular allergy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2011; 709:43-52. [PMID: 21618886 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-8056-4_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Ocular allergy is a disorder affecting increasing numbers of individuals worldwide. Among the inflammatory mediators that contribute to ocular allergy, histamine is perhaps the best characterized. This monoamine is released by sensitized mast cells upon exposure to allergen and causes symptoms such as redness and tearing. Histamine may also recruit immune cells that can cause long-term damage to ocular surfaces. In this chapter we will discuss the known functions of histamine and histamine receptors in ocular allergy and will describe promising therapies targeting the histamine-signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaharu Ohbayashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory Eye Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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Wang Y, Wang J, Lin Y, Si-Ma LF, Wang DH, Chen LG, Liu DK. Synthesis and antihistamine evaluations of novel loratadine analogues. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:4454-6. [PMID: 21733682 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Revised: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 06/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A series of loratadine analogues containing hydroxyl group and chiral center were synthesized. The effect of the synthesized compounds on the histamine-induced contractions of guinea-pig ileum muscles was studied. In addition, the in vivo asthma-relieving effect of the analogues in the histamine induced asthmatic reaction in guinea-pigs was determined. Most of the compounds exhibited definite H(1) antihistamine activity. The S-enantiomers, compounds 2, 4 and 8, are more potent than the R-enantiomers, compounds 1, 3 and 7. Compound 6 was the most active one among the eight synthesized compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China
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Tang C, He L, Liu Y, Cao Y, He H, Fan K. Direct One‐Pot Reductive N‐Alkylation of Nitroarenes by using Alcohols with Supported Gold Catalysts. Chemistry 2011; 17:7172-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201100393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun‐Hong Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433 (P.R. China), Fax: (+86) 21‐65643774
| | - Lin He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433 (P.R. China), Fax: (+86) 21‐65643774
| | - Yong‐Mei Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433 (P.R. China), Fax: (+86) 21‐65643774
| | - Yong Cao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433 (P.R. China), Fax: (+86) 21‐65643774
| | - He‐Yong He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433 (P.R. China), Fax: (+86) 21‐65643774
| | - Kang‐Nian Fan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433 (P.R. China), Fax: (+86) 21‐65643774
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Rajput SK, Singh JN, Sharma SS. Evaluation of terfenadine and ketoconazole-induced QT prolongation in conscious telemetered guinea pigs. Pharmacol Rep 2011; 62:683-8. [PMID: 20885008 DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(10)70325-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2009] [Revised: 01/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Terfenadine and ketoconazole are the most widely used positive reference agents in non-clinical cardiac repolarization safety studies. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of terfenadine, ketoconazole and their combination on QT prolongation using conscious guinea pigs. Conscious telemetered guinea pigs were orally administered terfenadine (50 mg/kg), ketoconazole (200 mg/kg) or a combination of the two, and effects on QT were recorded using a telemetry system. The QT correction was carried out with Bazett's formula to eliminate confounding effect of HR. Neither terfenadine nor ketoconazole produced any effect on the RR and QT intervals, QRS complex or heart rate (HR). However, a combination of terfenadine and ketoconazole significantly prolonged the RR and QT intervals and decreased HR in a time-dependent manner. This study demonstrated that the combination of terfenadine and ketoconazole produces QT prolongation in conscious telemetered guinea pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyendra K Rajput
- National Centre for Safety Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar (Mohali)-160 062, Punjab, India
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Shadkam MN, Mozaffari-Khosravi H, Mozayan MR. A comparison of the effect of honey, dextromethorphan, and diphenhydramine on nightly cough and sleep quality in children and their parents. J Altern Complement Med 2010; 16:787-93. [PMID: 20618098 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2009.0311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Coughing is a prevalent symptom of upper respiratory infections (URIs) that cause disturbance in the sleep of children and their parents. There is as yet no reliable treatment to control URIs and their related cough; however, drugs such as dextromethorphan (DM) and diphenhydramine (DPH) are now mainly used in the world. The aim of this study is to compare the effect of honey, DM, and DPH on the nightly cough and sleep quality of children and their parents. DESIGN This was a clinical trial study in which 139 children aged 24-60 months suffering from coughing due to URIs were selected and assigned randomly to 4 groups. The first group received honey (HG), the second one DM (DMG), the third DPH (DPHG), but the fourth group or control group (CG) was assigned to a supportive treatment. OUTCOME MEASURES After approximately a 24-hour intervention, the 4 groups were reexamined and their cough frequency, cough severity, and sleep quality in children and their parents were recorded by using the questionnaire with Likert-type questions. RESULTS The mean of cough frequency score HG is 4.09 +/- 0.72 and 1.93 +/- 0.65 before and after the intervention, respectively, while these figures for the CG are 4.11 +/- 0.78 and 3.11 +/- 0.57, respectively. After the intervention, the difference of the mean score of the variables in all groups became statistically significant. The mean score of all variables in HG has stood significantly higher than those in other groups. There is also a significant relationship between the DMG and CG groups, even though there is no statistically difference between DMG and DPHG groups. CONCLUSIONS The result of the study demonstrated that receiving a 2.5-mL dose of honey before sleep has a more alleviating effect on URIs-induced cough compared with DM and DPH doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Noori Shadkam
- Department of Pediatrics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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Improvement of the Synthetic Route for Epinastine Antihistamine. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY-DAEHAN HWAHAK HOE JEE 2010. [DOI: 10.5012/jkcs.2010.54.4.447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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