1
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Woode RA, Strubberg AM, Liu J, Walker NM, Clarke LL. Increased activity of epithelial Cdc42 Rho GTPase and tight junction permeability in the Cftr knockout intestine. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2024; 327:G545-G557. [PMID: 39104325 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00211.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Increased intestinal permeability is a manifestation of cystic fibrosis (CF) in people with CF (pwCF) and in CF mouse models. CF transmembrane conductance regulator knockout (Cftr KO) mouse intestine exhibits increased proliferation and Wnt/β-catenin signaling relative to wild-type mice (WT). Since the Rho GTPase Cdc42 plays a central role in intestinal epithelial proliferation and tight junction remodeling, we hypothesized that Cdc42 may be altered in the Cftr KO crypts. Immunofluorescence showed distinct tight junction localization of Cdc42 in Cftr KO fresh crypts and enteroids, the latter indicating an epithelial-autonomous feature. Quantitative PCR and immunoblots revealed similar expression of Cdc42 in the Cftr KO crypts/enteroids relative to WT, whereas pulldown assays showed increased GTP-bound (active) Cdc42 in proportion to total Cdc42 in Cftr KO enteroids. Cdc42 activity in the Cftr KO and WT enteroids could be reduced by inhibition of the Wnt transducer Disheveled. With the use of a dye permeability assay, Cftr KO enteroids exhibited increased paracellular permeability to 3 kDa dextran relative to WT. Leak permeability and Cdc42 tight junction localization were reduced to a greater extent by inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling with endo-IWR1 in Cftr KO relative to WT enteroids. Increased proliferation or inhibition of Cdc42 activity with ML141 in WT enteroids had no effect on permeability. In contrast, inhibition of Cdc42 with ML141 increased permeability to both 3 kDa dextran and tight junction impermeant 500 kDa dextran in Cftr KO enteroids. These data suggest that increased constitutive Cdc42 activity may alter the stability of paracellular permeability in Cftr KO crypt epithelium.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Increased tight junction localization and GTP-bound activity of the Rho GTPase Cdc42 was identified in small intestinal crypts and enteroids of cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator knockout (Cftr KO) mice. The increase in epithelial Cdc42 activity was associated with increased Wnt signaling. Paracellular flux of an uncharged solute (3 kDa dextran) in Cftr KO enteroids indicated a moderate leak permeability under basal conditions that was strongly exacerbated by Cdc42 inhibition. These findings suggest increased activity of Cdc42 in the Cftr KO intestine underlies alterations in intestinal permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowena A Woode
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Ashlee M Strubberg
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Jinghua Liu
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Nancy M Walker
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Lane L Clarke
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
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2
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Wasuwanich P, Karnsakul W. Gastrointestinal Cancers in Hospitalized Patients with Cystic Fibrosis: A Nationwide Study, 2010-2020. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1999. [PMID: 39335678 PMCID: PMC11431327 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14181999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As life expectancy in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients has increased, so has the incidence of cancers. We aimed to investigate and describe gastrointestinal cancers in CF hospitalized patients from 2010 to 2020. METHODS Utilizing the National Inpatient Sample, we extracted cases of CF-associated hospitalizations and gastrointestinal cancers as well as demographic and clinical data. We compared our CF cohort to age, sex, and race/ethnicity-matched controls. Trends were analyzed by Poisson regression. RESULTS We identified a total of 902 hospitalizations of CF with gastrointestinal cancer; among them, 539 (59.8%) were colorectal, 139 (15.4%) were liver, 105 (11.6%) were pancreatic, 54 (6.0%) were small bowel, 35 (3.9%) were gastric, and 30 (3.3%) were esophageal cancers. The median age of hospitalization for gastrointestinal cancers ranged from 39 years in liver cancer to 65 years in small bowel cancer. Mortality ranged from 9.5% in pancreatic to 0.0% in small bowel cancer. Colorectal cancer (IRR: 1.09; p = 0.005), pancreatic cancer (IRR: 1.17; p = 0.023), gastric cancer (IRR: 1.41; p = 0.003), and esophageal cancer (IRR: 1.50; p = 0.023) hospitalization rates have been increasing over time. Rates of colorectal (p = 0.037) cancer were significantly higher in our CF cohort compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS Colorectal cancers are the major gastrointestinal cancers in CF patients, and the incidence of these hospitalizations is increasing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Wasuwanich
- Department of Internal Medicine, Naples Comprehensive Health, Naples, FL 34102, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Wikrom Karnsakul
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 550 N. Broadway, 10th Floor Suite 1003, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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3
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Raza Z, Islam BN, Hachem CY, Cummings LC. Evolving data on risk and current screening recommendations for colorectal cancer in cystic fibrosis: Pre- and posttransplant. Pediatr Pulmonol 2024; 59 Suppl 1:S91-S97. [PMID: 39105336 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.27060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Advances in treatment for cystic fibrosis (CF), including cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductor regulator (CFTR) modulators, have ushered in an era where patients with CF have much longer life expectancies. This shift in life expectancy demands increased attention to diseases of aging in patients with CF. A notable complication of CF is early-onset colorectal cancer (CRC), which is especially prevalent in patients with severe mutations and after transplant. CFTR acts as a tumor suppressor gene based on knockout models. Lack of CFTR expression promotes carcinogenic processes such as intestinal inflammation and deleterious gut microbiome changes. The consensus Cystic Fibrosis Foundation recommendations advocate treating this population as a high-risk group, using a colonoscopy-only screening strategy starting at age 40 in patients without transplant and at age 30 after transplant. Screening should be considered every 5 years if negative and every 3 years or sooner for patients with adenomatous polyps. Future research will determine the role of noninvasive CRC screening tools in this population, as well as the effects of CFTR modulators on the risk of developing CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zain Raza
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Bianca N Islam
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Christine Y Hachem
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Linda C Cummings
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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4
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Yu H, Yan Z, Dreiss CA, Gaitano GG, Jarvis JA, Gentleman E, da Silva RMP, Grigoriadis AE. Injectable PEG Hydrogels with Tissue-Like Viscoelasticity Formed through Reversible Alendronate-Calcium Phosphate Crosslinking for Cell-Material Interactions. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2400472. [PMID: 38809180 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Synthetic hydrogels provide controllable 3D environments, which can be used to study fundamental biological phenomena. The growing body of evidence that cell behavior depends upon hydrogel stress relaxation creates a high demand for hydrogels with tissue-like viscoelastic properties. Here, a unique platform of synthetic polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogels in which star-shaped PEG molecules are conjugated with alendronate and/or RGD peptides, attaining modifiable degradability as well as flexible cell adhesion, is created. Novel reversible ionic interactions between alendronate and calcium phosphate nanoparticles, leading to versatile viscoelastic properties with varying initial elastic modulus and stress relaxation time, are identified. This new crosslinking mechanism provides shear-thinning properties resulting in differential cellular responses between cancer cells and stem cells. The novel hydrogel system is an improved design to the other ionic crosslink platforms and opens new avenues for the development of pathologically relevant cancer models, as well as minimally invasive approaches for cell delivery for potential regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqiang Yu
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ziqian Yan
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Cecile A Dreiss
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Gustavo G Gaitano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Navarra, Pamplona, 31080, Spain
| | - James A Jarvis
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics and NMR Facility, Centre for Biomolecular Spectroscopy, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Eileen Gentleman
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ricardo M P da Silva
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK
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5
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Martens DS, Lammertyn EJ, Goeminne PC, Colpaert K, Proesmans M, Vanaudenaerde BM, Nawrot TS, Dupont LJ. Leukocyte telomere length and attrition in association with disease severity in cystic fibrosis patients. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:11809-11823. [PMID: 39213174 PMCID: PMC11386922 DOI: 10.18632/aging.206093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is characterized by chronic airway inflammation and premature aging. The link with leukocyte telomere length (LTL) as a marker of biological aging is unclear. We studied disease severity and LTL in 168 CF patients of which 85 patients had a second retrospective LTL assessment. A higher FEV1 was associated with longer LTL, with a stronger effect in men (5.08% longer LTL) compared to women (0.41% longer LTL). A higher FEV1/FVC ratio was associated with 7.05% (P=0.017) longer LTL in men. CF asthma, as defined by the treatment with inhaled corticosteroids, was associated with -6.65% shorter LTL (P=0.028). Men homozygous for the ΔF508 genotype showed a -10.48% (P=0.026) shorter LTL compared to heterozygotes. A genotype-specific non-linear association between LTL shortening and chronological age was observed. Stronger age-related LTL shortening was observed in patients homozygous for the ΔF508 genotype (P-interaction= 0.044). This work showed that disease severity in CF patients negatively influences LTL, with slightly more pronounced effects in men. The homozygous genotype for ΔF508 may play a role in LTL attrition in CF patients. Understanding factors in CF patients that accelerate biological aging provides insights into mechanisms that can extend the overall life quality in CF-diseased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dries S Martens
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Elise J Lammertyn
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Kristine Colpaert
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marijke Proesmans
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Pulmonology, University Hospital of Leuven, Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Bart M Vanaudenaerde
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tim S Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lieven J Dupont
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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6
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Hendifar A, Hitchins M, Lauzon M, Hatchell KE, Heald B, Pandol S, Naren AP, Osipov A. High frequency of germline variants in CFTR identified in PDAC patients enrolled in an expanded panel multi-gene panel testing program. HPB (Oxford) 2024; 26:1082-1085. [PMID: 38825435 PMCID: PMC11317177 DOI: 10.1016/j.hpb.2024.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Hendifar
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles CA, USA.
| | - Megan Hitchins
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles CA, USA
| | - Marie Lauzon
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Arsen Osipov
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles CA, USA
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7
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Spallarossa A, Pedemonte N, Pesce E, Millo E, Cichero E, Rosano C, Lusardi M, Iervasi E, Ponassi M. Cyclic diacyl thioureas enhance activity of corrector Lumacaftor on F508del-CFTR. ChemMedChem 2024; 19:e202300391. [PMID: 38105411 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disease caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. In the search of novel series of CFTR modulators, a library of mono and diacyl thioureas were prepared by sequential synthesis. When tested alone, the obtained compounds 5 and 6 poorly affected F508del-CFTR conductance but, in combination with Lumacaftor, selected derivatives showed the ability to increase the activity of the approved modulator. Analogue 6 i displayed the most marked enhancing effect and acylthioureas 6 d and 6 f were also able to improve efficacy of Lumacaftor. All compounds proved to be non-cytotoxic against different cancer cell lines. Good pharmacokinetic properties were predicted for derivatives 5 and 6, thus supporting the value of these compounds for the development of novel modulators potentially useful for cystic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Spallarossa
- Department of Pharmacy, Università degli Studi di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Pedemonte
- UOC Genetica Medica, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini, 5, 16147, Genova, Italy
| | - Emanuela Pesce
- UOC Genetica Medica, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini, 5, 16147, Genova, Italy
| | - Enrico Millo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, Università degli Studi di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Elena Cichero
- Department of Pharmacy, Università degli Studi di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Camillo Rosano
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo R. Benzi, 10, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Matteo Lusardi
- Department of Pharmacy, Università degli Studi di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Erika Iervasi
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo R. Benzi, 10, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Marco Ponassi
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo R. Benzi, 10, 16132, Genova, Italy
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8
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Yeh HI, Sutcliffe KJ, Sheppard DN, Hwang TC. CFTR Modulators: From Mechanism to Targeted Therapeutics. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2024; 283:219-247. [PMID: 35972584 DOI: 10.1007/164_2022_597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
People with cystic fibrosis (CF) suffer from a multi-organ disorder caused by loss-of-function variants in the gene encoding the epithelial anion channel cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). Tremendous progress has been made in both basic and clinical sciences over the past three decades since the identification of the CFTR gene. Over 90% of people with CF now have access to therapies targeting dysfunctional CFTR. This success was made possible by numerous studies in the field that incrementally paved the way for the development of small molecules known as CFTR modulators. The advent of CFTR modulators transformed this life-threatening illness into a treatable disease by directly binding to the CFTR protein and correcting defects induced by pathogenic variants. In this chapter, we trace the trajectory of structural and functional studies that brought CF therapies from bench to bedside, with an emphasis on mechanistic understanding of CFTR modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-I Yeh
- Department of Pharmacology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Katy J Sutcliffe
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - David N Sheppard
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Tzyh-Chang Hwang
- Department of Pharmacology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei City, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
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9
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Marinău C, Csep A, Sava C, Iuhas A, Niulaș L, Szilagyi A, Ritli L, Balmoș A, Jurca C. Difficulties in the management of an Askin tumor in a pediatric patient with cystic fibrosis: case report and literature review. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1289256. [PMID: 38105789 PMCID: PMC10722287 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1289256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Treating Ewing's Sarcoma of the thorax (Askin's tumor) with antineoplastic therapy in a malnourished cystic fibrosis patient colonized with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus may carry a significant potential for complications. We present the case of a known cystic fibrosis patient, diagnosed with Askin's tumor 5 years ago. Despite facing severe neutropenia, exacerbations of cystic fibrosis with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections, and challenges in maintaining adequate caloric intake during the oncological treatment, the patient's outcome has been favorable. Chemotherapy doses had to be adjusted, and continuous antibiotic treatment was introduced throughout the course of therapy to reduce the frequency and intensity of exacerbations. Approximately 5 years after the cancer diagnosis, with no signs of relapse, the patient was started on CFTR (Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) modulator treatment. This intervention has successfully corrected the weight deficit. The coincidence of Ewing's sarcoma of the chest wall and cystic fibrosis in a single patient is 2.857 × 10-5% and to the best of our knowledge, this scenario has not been documented before.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Marinău
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
- Bihor County Clinical Emergency Hospital, Oradea, Romania
| | - Andrei Csep
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
- Bihor County Clinical Emergency Hospital, Oradea, Romania
| | - Cristian Sava
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
- Bihor County Clinical Emergency Hospital, Oradea, Romania
| | - Alin Iuhas
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
- Bihor County Clinical Emergency Hospital, Oradea, Romania
| | - Larisa Niulaș
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
- Bihor County Clinical Emergency Hospital, Oradea, Romania
| | - Ariana Szilagyi
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
- Bihor County Clinical Emergency Hospital, Oradea, Romania
| | - Ladislau Ritli
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
- Bihor County Clinical Emergency Hospital, Oradea, Romania
| | - Andreea Balmoș
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
- Bihor County Clinical Emergency Hospital, Oradea, Romania
| | - Claudia Jurca
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
- Bihor County Clinical Emergency Hospital, Oradea, Romania
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10
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Vyas AP, Ananthaneni A, Abdehou S, Pandit S. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma at the site of tracheo-esophageal fistula repair in a patient with cystic fibrosis. BMJ Case Rep 2023; 16:e253542. [PMID: 37643818 PMCID: PMC10465901 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2022-253542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
With increasing survival in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), complications such as gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies are becoming more apparent, especially in transplanted patients. In patients with CF, these malignancies are most commonly found in the small bowel, colon, biliary tract and pancreas. We describe a patient with esophageal squamous cell cancer at the site of trachea-esophageal fistula repair in the setting of long-standing CF. Many factors such as low expression of CF transmembrane conductance regulator gene, inflammation and resulting metaplasia, bacterial dysbiosis, dysregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signalling, immune cell infiltration, disruption of intestinal stem cell homeostasis and intestinal barrier integrity have all been implicated in the causation of GI malignancy in patients with CF. Based on shared decision-making in high-risk transplanted individuals, esophagogastroduodenoscopy can be considered alongside colon cancer screening which is currently recommended starting at age 30-35 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Pradeep Vyas
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Anil Ananthaneni
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Sam Abdehou
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Sudha Pandit
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
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11
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Ray A, Moore TF, Pandit R, Burke AD, Borsch DM. An Overview of Selected Bacterial Infections in Cancer, Their Virulence Factors, and Some Aspects of Infection Management. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:963. [PMID: 37508393 PMCID: PMC10376897 DOI: 10.3390/biology12070963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
In cancer development and its clinical course, bacteria can be involved in etiology and secondary infection. Regarding etiology, various epidemiological studies have revealed that Helicobacter pylori can directly impact gastric carcinogenesis. The Helicobacter pylori-associated virulence factor cytotoxin-associated gene A perhaps plays an important role through different mechanisms such as aberrant DNA methylation, activation of nuclear factor kappa B, and modulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Many other bacteria, including Salmonella and Pseudomonas, can also affect Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Although Helicobacter pylori is involved in both gastric adenocarcinoma and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, its role in the latter disease is more complicated. Among other bacterial species, Chlamydia is linked with a diverse range of diseases including cancers of different sites. The cellular organizations of Chlamydia are highly complex. Interestingly, Escherichia coli is believed to be associated with colon cancer development. Microorganisms such as Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are frequently isolated from secondary infections in cancer patients. In these patients, the common sites of infection are the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and urinary tracts. There is an alarming rise in infections with multidrug-resistant bacteria and the scarcity of suitable antimicrobial agents adversely influences prognosis. Therefore, effective implementation of antimicrobial stewardship strategies is important in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitabha Ray
- College of Medical Science, Alderson Broaddus University, 101 College Hill Drive, Philippi, WV 26416, USA
| | - Thomas F Moore
- College of Medical Science, Alderson Broaddus University, 101 College Hill Drive, Philippi, WV 26416, USA
| | | | | | - Daniel M Borsch
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine at Seton Hill, Greensburg, PA 15601, USA
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12
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Stastna N, Brat K, Homola L, Os A, Brancikova D. Increasing incidence rate of breast cancer in cystic fibrosis - relationship between pathogenesis, oncogenesis and prediction of the treatment effect in the context of worse clinical outcome and prognosis of cystic fibrosis due to estrogens. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2023; 18:62. [PMID: 36941680 PMCID: PMC10029289 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-023-02671-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common genetic disease in the Caucasion population. Thanks to the CFTR modulators therapy, life expectancy will significantly improve. New therapeutic challenges can be expected, including diseases associated with ageing and higher incidence of cancer, as evidenced by recent epidemiological studies. The increasing incidence of tumors includes also breast cancer. The risk of breast cancer is higher in CF patients compared to the general population. Sex hormones, especially estrogens, also affect on the pathophysiology and immunology of the CF. Previous research, has demonstrated unequivocal survival rates for female CF patients compared to their male counterparts. Is demonstrated, that chemotherapy used for breast cancer affects the CFTR channel and CFTR modulator therapy has frequent side effects on breast tissue. In this review, we focus on the effects of female sex hormones on CF disease, pathophysiological relationships between CF and breast cancer, and the impact of antitumor treatment on both, malignant disease and CF. The potential for further investigation is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nela Stastna
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, University Hospital Brno, Jihlavska 20, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic.
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno, Kamenice 5, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic.
| | - Kristian Brat
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, University Hospital Brno, Jihlavska 20, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno, Kamenice 5, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Homola
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno, Kamenice 5, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic
- Department of Children's Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Brno, Jihlavska 20, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Audun Os
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Kirkeveien 166, Ullevål, Oslo, 0450, Norway
| | - Dagmar Brancikova
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno, Kamenice 5, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Internal Medicine, University Hospital Brno, Jihlavska 20, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic
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13
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Carlos dos Reis D, Dastoor P, Santos AK, Sumigray K, Ameen NA. CFTR high expresser cells in cystic fibrosis and intestinal diseases. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14568. [PMID: 36967909 PMCID: PMC10031467 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR), the Cl-/HCO3 - channel implicated in Cystic Fibrosis, is critical to the pathophysiology of many gastrointestinal diseases. Defects in CFTR lead to intestinal dysfunction, malabsorption, obstruction, infection, inflammation, and cancer that increases morbidity and reduces quality of life. This review will focus on CFTR in the intestine and the implications of the subpopulation of CFTR High Expresser Cells (CHEs) in Cystic Fibrosis (CF), intestinal physiology and pathophysiology of intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Carlos dos Reis
- Department of Pediatrics/Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yale School of Medicine, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Parinaz Dastoor
- Department of Pediatrics/Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yale School of Medicine, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Anderson Kenedy Santos
- Department of Pediatrics/Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yale School of Medicine, CT, 06510, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Kaelyn Sumigray
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Nadia A. Ameen
- Department of Pediatrics/Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yale School of Medicine, CT, 06510, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510, USA
- Corresponding author. Department of Pediatrics/Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yale School of Medicine, CT, 06510, USA.
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14
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Development of novel therapeutics for all individuals with CF (the future goes on). J Cyst Fibros 2023; 22 Suppl 1:S45-S49. [PMID: 36319570 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2022.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Despite the major advances and successes in finding and establishing new treatments that tackle the basic defect in Cystic Fibrosis (CF), there is still an unmet need to bring these potentially curative therapies to all individuals with CF. Here, we review aspects of what is still missing to treat all individuals with CF by such approaches. On the one hand, we discuss novel holistic (high-throughput) approaches to elucidate mechanistic defects caused by distinct classes of mutations to identify novel drug targets. On the other hand, we examine therapeutic approaches to correct the gene in its own environment, i.e., in the genome.
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15
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Taylor-Cousar JL, Shteinberg M, Cohen-Cymberknoh M, Jain R. The Impact of Highly Effective Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Modulators on the Health of Female Subjects With CF. Clin Ther 2023; 45:278-289. [PMID: 36841738 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2023.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder that occurs in people of all genetic ancestries. CF is caused by variants in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene that result in decreased, absent, or nonfunctional CFTR protein at the cell surface of the mucous membranes. Clinical manifestations include chronic respiratory disease, malabsorption, and decreased fertility. Historically, therapies for CF were focused on the signs and symptoms of the disease. However, more recently, CFTR modulators, therapies directed at the basic defect, are improving the quality and duration of the lives of people with CF. The predicted survival of people with CF in the United States is now 53 years of age. With the hope of longer, healthier lives, female individuals with CF (fwCF) are expressing the desire to discuss fertility, pregnancy, and parenthood. Furthermore, pregnancy rates are increasing substantially. Understanding the impact of use or discontinuation of highly effective modulator therapy on the reproductive health of fwCF is critical. Finally, fwCF and their providers must consider preventative cancer screening. (Clin Ther. 2023;45:XXX-XXX) © 2023 Elsevier HS Journals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Taylor-Cousar
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine and of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA.
| | - Michal Shteinberg
- Technion-Israel Institute of Technology and the B. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel; Pulmonology Institute and CF Center, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Malena Cohen-Cymberknoh
- Pediatric Pulmonology Unit and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Hadassah Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Raksha Jain
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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16
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Meléndez-Montañez JM, De Jesús-Rojas W. CFTR-Related Metabolic Syndrome: Genetic Variants Increasing Pancreatitis Risk in the Pediatric Puerto Rican Population. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10020280. [PMID: 36832409 PMCID: PMC9955436 DOI: 10.3390/children10020280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
CFTR-related metabolic syndrome (CRMS) is a novel diagnosis due to widespread use of and advances in the newborn screening (NBS) process for cystic fibrosis (CF) in the United States of America, allowing for the diagnosis of asymptomatic children with CF. Before 2015, a large Puerto Rican pediatric population was not screened for CF in the NBS test. Studies have shown that patients presenting with idiopathic recurrent or chronic pancreatitis have an increased frequency of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene mutations. We present a retrospective chart review of 12 pediatric cases (n = 12) that were presented to an outpatient community clinic with clinical manifestations associated with CF. The pancreatic insufficiency prevalence (PIP) score was calculated on CFTR mutations. The mutations considered for the calculation of the PIP score were: F508del (c.1521_1523del), V201M (c.601G > A), I507del (c.1519_1521del), and L1335P (c.4004T > C). V201M mutation was classified as mild in both PIP scores, and a correlation with pancreatitis was noted. Clinical manifestations vary in cases with the V201M variant (c.601G > A). One case was diagnosed with CFTR-related disorder (CRD) and recurrent pancreatitis. It is important to consider CRMS or CRD as a differential diagnosis in the pediatric population of Puerto Rico due to the implications and increased risk of pancreatitis and other CF-related complications.
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17
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Oermann CM. Time to man up: Increased risk of testicular cancer among boys with cystic fibrosis. J Pediatr Urol 2023:S1477-5131(23)00019-0. [PMID: 36725485 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2023.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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18
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Chen JY, Yiu WH, Tang PMK, Tang SCW. New insights into fibrotic signaling in renal cell carcinoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1056964. [PMID: 36910160 PMCID: PMC9996540 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1056964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrotic signaling plays a pivotal role in the development and progression of solid cancers including renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Intratumoral fibrosis (ITF) and pseudo-capsule (PC) fibrosis are significantly correlated to the disease progression of renal cell carcinoma. Targeting classic fibrotic signaling processes such as TGF-β signaling and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) shows promising antitumor effects both preclinically and clinically. Therefore, a better understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of fibrotic signaling in renal cell carcinoma at molecular resolution can facilitate the development of precision therapies against solid cancers. In this review, we systematically summarized the latest updates on fibrotic signaling, from clinical correlation and molecular mechanisms to its therapeutic strategies for renal cell carcinoma. Importantly, we examined the reported fibrotic signaling on the human renal cell carcinoma dataset at the transcriptome level with single-cell resolution to assess its translational potential in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao-Yi Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wai-Han Yiu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Patrick Ming-Kuen Tang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sydney Chi-Wai Tang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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19
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Rousset-Jablonski C, Dalon F, Reynaud Q, Lemonnier L, Dehillotte C, Jacoud F, Berard M, Viprey M, Van Ganse E, Durieu I, Belhassen M. Cancer incidence and prevalence in cystic fibrosis patients with and without a lung transplant in France. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1043691. [PMID: 36483264 PMCID: PMC9723348 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1043691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cystic fibrosis (CF) care and the life expectancy of affected patients have substantially improved in recent decades, leading to an increased number of patients being diagnosed with comorbidities, including cancers. Our objective was to characterize the epidemiology of cancers between 2006 and 2017 in CF patients with and without a lung transplant. Methods Medical records of CF patients from 2006 to 2016 in the French CF Registry were linked to their corresponding claims data (SNDS). The annual prevalence and incidence rates of cancers were estimated from 2006 to 2017 in CF patients without lung transplant and in those with lung transplant after transplantation. Results Of the 7,671 patients included in the French CF Registry, 6,187 patients (80.7%) were linked to the SNDS; among them, 1,006 (16.3%) received a lung transplant. The prevalence of any cancer increased between 2006 and 2017, from 0.3 to 1.0% and from 1.3 to 6.3% in non-transplanted and transplanted patients, respectively. When compared to the general population, the incidence of cancer was significantly higher in both non-transplanted [Standardized Incidence Ratio (SIR) = 2.57, 95%CI 2.05 to 3.17] and transplanted (SIR = 19.76, 95%CI 16.45 to 23.55) patients. The median time between transplant and the first cancer was 3.9 years. Among the 211 incident cancer cases, the most frequent malignant neoplasms were skin neoplasm (48 cases), lung cancers (31 cases), gastro-intestinal (24 cases), and hematologic cancers (17 cases). Conclusion The overall burden of cancer in CF patients is high, particularly following lung transplantation. Therefore, specific follow-up, screening and cancer prevention for CF patients with transplants are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Rousset-Jablonski
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Research on Healthcare Performance (RESHAPE), INSERM U1290, Lyon, France,Department of Internal Medicine, Cystic Fibrosis Center, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupe Hospitalier Sud, Lyon, France,Département de chirurgie, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France,*Correspondence: Christine Rousset-Jablonski
| | | | - Quitterie Reynaud
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Research on Healthcare Performance (RESHAPE), INSERM U1290, Lyon, France,Department of Internal Medicine, Cystic Fibrosis Center, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupe Hospitalier Sud, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Flore Jacoud
- PELyon, PharmacoEpidemiologie Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Marie Viprey
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Research on Healthcare Performance (RESHAPE), INSERM U1290, Lyon, France,Health Data Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Eric Van Ganse
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Research on Healthcare Performance (RESHAPE), INSERM U1290, Lyon, France,PELyon, PharmacoEpidemiologie Lyon, Lyon, France,Respiratory Medicine, Croix-Rousse University Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Isabelle Durieu
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Research on Healthcare Performance (RESHAPE), INSERM U1290, Lyon, France,Department of Internal Medicine, Cystic Fibrosis Center, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupe Hospitalier Sud, Lyon, France
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20
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Badheeb M, Abdelrahim A, Esmail A, Umoru G, Abboud K, Al-Najjar E, Rasheed G, Alkhulaifawi M, Abudayyeh A, Abdelrahim M. Pancreatic Tumorigenesis: Precursors, Genetic Risk Factors and Screening. Curr Oncol 2022; 29:8693-8719. [PMID: 36421339 PMCID: PMC9689647 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29110686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly malignant and aggressive tumor. Despite medical advancement, the silent nature of PC results in only 20% of all cases considered resectable at the time of diagnosis. It is projected to become the second leading cause in 2030. Most pancreatic cancer cases are diagnosed in the advanced stages. Such cases are typically unresectable and are associated with a 5-year survival of less than 10%. Although there is no guideline consensus regarding recommendations for screening for pancreatic cancer, early detection has been associated with better outcomes. In addition to continued utilization of imaging and conventional tumor markers, clinicians should be aware of novel testing modalities that may be effective for early detection of pancreatic cancer in individuals with high-risk factors. The pathogenesis of PC is not well understood; however, various modifiable and non-modifiable factors have been implicated in pancreatic oncogenesis. PC detection in the earlier stages is associated with better outcomes; nevertheless, most oncological societies do not recommend universal screening as it may result in a high false-positive rate. Therefore, targeted screening for high-risk individuals represents a reasonable option. In this review, we aimed to summarize the pathogenesis, genetic risk factors, high-risk population, and screening modalities for PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Badheeb
- Internal Medicine Department, College of Medicine, Hadhramout University, Mukalla 50512, Yemen
| | | | - Abdullah Esmail
- Section of GI Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence: (A.E.); (M.A.)
| | - Godsfavour Umoru
- Department of Pharmacy, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Karen Abboud
- Department of Pharmacy, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ebtesam Al-Najjar
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Sana’a 15201, Yemen
| | - Ghaith Rasheed
- Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan
| | | | - Ala Abudayyeh
- Section of Nephrology, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Maen Abdelrahim
- Section of GI Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 14853, USA
- Cockrell Center for Advanced Therapeutic Phase I Program, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence: (A.E.); (M.A.)
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21
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Chetwood JD, Volovets A, Sivam S, Koh C. Surgical considerations in cystic fibrosis: what every general surgeon needs to know. ANZ J Surg 2022; 92:2425-2432. [PMID: 35920692 PMCID: PMC9804981 DOI: 10.1111/ans.17948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a complex multiorgan disease, which often affects the gastrointestinal tract. With improved CF specific therapies and multidisciplinary management, patients with CF are now living longer with a median life expectancy of around 50 years. This increased life expectancy has resulted in corresponding increase in presentations of the CF patient with comorbid surgical conditions that were never important considerations. Investigations and management of these conditions, such as distal intestinal obstruction syndrome and colorectal cancer warrant good clinical understanding of the unique challenges that CF patients present including chronic immunosuppression, impaired respiratory function and their multi-organ dysfunction. The purpose of this review is to provide general surgeons with a contemporary update on the CF related surgical issues as they are likely to become increasingly involved in the care of these complex patients and form an integral part of the multidisciplinary team.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D. Chetwood
- AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver CentreRoyal Prince Alfred HospitalSydneyNew South WalesAustralia,Sydney Medical SchoolUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Anastasia Volovets
- AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver CentreRoyal Prince Alfred HospitalSydneyNew South WalesAustralia,Sydney Medical SchoolUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Sheila Sivam
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep MedicineRoyal Prince Alfred HospitalSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Cherry Koh
- Surgical Outcomes Research Centre (SOuRCe)Royal Prince Alfred HospitalSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
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22
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Knotts RM, Jin Z, Doyle JB, Keating C, DiMango E, Abrams JA. Body mass index and additional risk factors for cancer in adults with cystic fibrosis. Cancer Causes Control 2022; 33:1445-1451. [PMID: 36178608 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-022-01635-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adults with cystic fibrosis (CF) have an increased risk of a variety of cancers, notably gastrointestinal cancers. In CF higher body mass index (BMI) is associated with improved long-term outcomes, yet in the general population high BMI is associated with increased cancer risk. We aimed to delineate associations between BMI and other factors with cancer risk in adults with CF. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study using CF Foundation Patient Registry data from 1992 to 2015. Data were collected on age, sex, CFTR mutation class, pancreatic insufficiency, and annualized data on BMI and FEV1. The primary analysis was the association between BMI and cancer, with secondary analyses focused on BMI trajectory. Multivariable logistic regression was performed, with analyses stratified by history of transplant. RESULTS Of 26,199 adults with CF, 446 (1.7%) had cancer diagnosed by histology at a mean age of 40.0 years (SD 12.2), with a higher proportion of transplanted patients developing cancer (137 (3.8%) v 309(1.4%), p < 0.001). Among non-transplanted patients, there was no association between BMI and cancer (p for trend = 0.43). Pancreatic insufficiency (p < 0.01) and higher FEV1 (p < 0.01) were associated with increased cancer risk. In transplanted patients, higher BMI was associated with reduced risk of cancer (p for trend = 0.04). Older age was associated with increased risk in both groups (p < 0.001). BMI trajectories were not associated with cancer risk in either group. CONCLUSION Higher BMI is associated with a reduced risk of cancer in transplanted adults with CF. Pancreatic insufficiency is a risk factor for cancer in non-transplanted CF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita M Knotts
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, New York University Langone Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. .,, 240 E38 Street, 23rd Floor, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
| | - Zhezhen Jin
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - John B Doyle
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Claire Keating
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emily DiMango
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Julian A Abrams
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
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23
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A novel free-breathing abdominal RAVE T2/T1 hybrid MRI sequence in patients with cystic fibrosis: Preliminary results. Eur J Radiol 2022; 154:110454. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2022.110454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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24
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Abstract
Although chitinase-3-like-1 (CHI3L1), predominately produced by epithelial cells and macrophages, is relevant to pulmonary disease in cystic fibrosis (CF), fecal levels have not yet been assessed in children with CF. Fecal CHI3L1 was measured with a commercial immunoassay using fecal samples provided by children with CF and healthy control (HC) children. Higher median (interquartile range) fecal CHI3L1 levels were seen in the 52 children with CF than in the 35 controls: 15.97 (3.34-50.53) ng/g versus 2.93 (2.13-9.27) ng/g ( P = 0.001). Fecal CHI3LI did not differ according to sex. In the children with CF, fecal CHI3L1 levels did not correlate with growth parameters nor were the levels affected by pancreatic insufficiency. Children with CF had higher fecal CHI3L1 levels, suggesting underlying gut inflammation. Further work is required to confirm the current findings and to ascertain the longer-term significance of elevated CHI3L1.
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25
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Changing paradigms in the treatment of gastrointestinal complications of cystic fibrosis in the era of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator modulators. Paediatr Respir Rev 2022; 42:9-16. [PMID: 33485777 DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) - although primarily a lung disease - also causes a variety of gastrointestinal manifestations which are important for diagnosis, prognosis and quality of life. All parts of the gastrointestinal tract can be affected by CF. Besides the well-known pancreatic insufficiency, gastroesophageal reflux disease, liver disease and diseases of the large intestine are important pathologies that impact on prognosis and also impair quality of life. Diagnosis and management of gastrointestinal manifestations will be discussed in this review. Since optimisation of CF therapy is associated with a significantly longer life-span of CF patients nowadays, also gastrointestinal malignancies, which are more common in CF than in the non-CF population need to be considered. Furthermore, novel evidence on the role of the gut microbiome in CF is emerging. The introduction of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein modulators gives hope for symptom alleviation and even cure of gastrointestinal manifestations of CF.
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26
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George LF, Bates EA. Mechanisms Underlying Influence of Bioelectricity in Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:772230. [PMID: 35237593 PMCID: PMC8883286 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.772230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To execute the intricate process of development, cells coordinate across tissues and organs to determine where each cell divides and differentiates. This coordination requires complex communication between cells. Growing evidence suggests that bioelectrical signals controlled via ion channels contribute to cell communication during development. Ion channels collectively regulate the transmembrane potential of cells, and their function plays a conserved role in the development of organisms from flies to humans. Spontaneous calcium oscillations can be found in nearly every cell type and tissue, and disruption of these oscillations leads to defects in development. However, the mechanism by which bioelectricity regulates development is still unclear. Ion channels play essential roles in the processes of cell death, proliferation, migration, and in each of the major canonical developmental signaling pathways. Previous reviews focus on evidence for one potential mechanism by which bioelectricity affects morphogenesis, but there is evidence that supports multiple different mechanisms which are not mutually exclusive. Evidence supports bioelectricity contributing to development through multiple different mechanisms. Here, we review evidence for the importance of bioelectricity in morphogenesis and provide a comprehensive review of the evidence for several potential mechanisms by which ion channels may act in developmental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Faith George
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Emily Anne Bates
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
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27
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Integrative pan cancer analysis reveals the importance of CFTR in lung adenocarcinoma prognosis. Genomics 2022; 114:110279. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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28
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Hallouch O, Marinos J, Thibault F, Vu KN, Chalaoui J, Bourgouin P, Péloquin L, Freire V, Tremblay F, Chartrand-Lefebvre C. Cystic fibrosis in the 21st century: what every radiologist should know. Clin Imaging 2022; 84:118-129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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29
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Maisonneuve P, Lowenfels AB. Cancer in Cystic Fibrosis: A Narrative Review of Prevalence, Risk Factors, Screening, and Treatment Challenges: Adult Cystic Fibrosis Series. Chest 2022; 161:356-364. [PMID: 34536383 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a progressive monogenetic disorder that causes persistent pulmonary disease, but also affects other organ systems, including the digestive tract. Recent advances in treatment and care of patients with CF, including the use of new and highly effective CF transmembrane conductance regulator modulators, have led to a dramatic increase in survival. Young patients with CF now can expect to live to or beyond middle age, when cancer is more frequent. Patients with CF now are known to face an increased risk of digestive tract cancer, particularly cancer of the colon. The risk, which could be triggered by associated CF-related conditions or other genetic mechanisms, is even greater in patients who received a transplant. Also some evidence suggests that adenomatous polyps develop more frequently in patients with CF and at an earlier age than in patients without CF. To reduce the excess risk of intestinal cancer in patients with CF, the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation has developed colonoscopy-based guidelines. For nontransplanted patients, colonoscopy should begin at 40 years of age, with rescreening at 5-year intervals; the screening interval should be shortened to 3 years if adenomatous polyps are discovered. For transplanted patients, screening should start at 30 years of age, or within 2 years of the transplant operation. Before colonoscopy, it is essential for patients with CF to undergo a special, more intensive bowel preparation than normally used for those without CF. Whether the new drugs that have dramatically improved morbidity and mortality for patients with CF will alter the risk of cancer is unknown and needs to be assessed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Maisonneuve
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
| | - Albert B Lowenfels
- Departments of Surgery and of Family Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY
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30
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Appelt D, Fuchs T, Steinkamp G, Ellemunter H. Malignancies in patients with cystic fibrosis: a case series. J Med Case Rep 2022; 16:27. [PMID: 35042562 PMCID: PMC8767710 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-021-03234-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous reports have shown an increased number of colorectal cancers in patients with cystic fibrosis. We assessed the database of our cystic fibrosis center to identify patients with all kinds of cancer retrospectively. All patients visiting the Cystic Fibrosis Centre Innsbruck between 1995 and 2019 were included. Case presentation Among 229 patients with cystic fibrosis treated at the Cystic Fibrosis Centre in Innsbruck between 1995 and 2019, 11 subjects were diagnosed with a malignant disease. The median age at diagnosis was 25.2 years (mean 24.3 years). There were four gynecological malignancies (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer), two hematological malignancies (acute lymphocytic leukemia), one gastrointestinal malignancy (peritoneal mesothelioma), and four malignancies from other origins (malignant melanoma, neuroblastoma, adrenocortical carcinoma, and thyroid cancer). One malignancy occurred after lung transplantation. There was a strong preponderance of females, with 10 of the 11 cases occurring in women. Six deaths were attributed to cancer. Conclusions Most diagnoses were made below 30 years of age, and half of the subjects died from the malignant disease. Awareness of a possible malignancy is needed in patients with atypical symptoms. Regular screenings for cancer should also be considered, not only for gastrointestinal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothea Appelt
- Medical University of Innsbruck, Cystic Fibrosis Centre Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Teresa Fuchs
- Medical University of Innsbruck, Cystic Fibrosis Centre Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gratiana Steinkamp
- Medical University of Innsbruck, Cystic Fibrosis Centre Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.,Clinical Research and Medical Scientific Writing, Schwerin, Germany
| | - Helmut Ellemunter
- Medical University of Innsbruck, Cystic Fibrosis Centre Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
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Glutig K, Krüger PC, Oberreuther T, Nickel MD, Teichgräber U, Lorenz M, Mentzel HJ, Krämer M. Preliminary results of abdominal simultaneous multi-slice accelerated diffusion-weighted imaging with motion-correction in patients with cystic fibrosis and impaired compliance. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2022; 47:2783-2794. [PMID: 35596778 PMCID: PMC9300552 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-022-03549-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this prospective study was to compare scan time, image quality, signal-to-noise Ratio (SNR), and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of simultaneous multi-slice accelerated diffusion-weighted imaging with motion-correction (DWI SMS Moco) to standard diffusion-weighted imaging (sDWI) in free-breathing abdominal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in pediatric and young adult patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). MATERIAL AND METHODS 16 patients (7 male and 9 female, 12-41 years old) with CF were examined prospectively in a single-center from November 2020 to March 2021 on a 1.5 Tesla clinical MR scanner. The characteristics of overall image quality and delimitability of mesenteric lymph nodes were evaluated using a 5-point Likert scale by two experienced pediatric radiologists independently from each other. Quantitative parameters with SNR and ADC values were assessed in 8 different locations and compared using a Wilcoxon signed-rank test. RESULTS The acquisition time for DWI SMS Moco was 32% shorter than for sDWI. Regarding quality comparison, overall image quality and delimitability of mesenteric lymph nodes were significant higher in DWI SMS Moco (p ≤ 0.05 for both readers). The readers preferred DWI SMS Moco to sDWI in all cases (16/16). Mean SNR values from DWI SMS Moco and sDWI were similar in 7 from 8 locations. The ADC values showed no significant difference between DWI SMS Moco and sDWI in any of the evaluated locations (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The DWI SMS Moco improves overall image quality and delimitability of mesenteric lymph nodes compared to sDWI with similar SNR and ADC values and a distinguished reduction of scan time in free-breathing by one third. We conclude that MRI with DWI SMS Moco could be helpful in monitoring the effect of the high-efficiency modulator (HEM) therapy in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients homozygous or heterozygous for F508del in the abdomen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Glutig
- Department of Radiology, Section Pediatric Radiology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany.
| | - Paul-Christian Krüger
- Department of Radiology, Section Pediatric Radiology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Theresa Oberreuther
- Department of Radiology, Section Pediatric Radiology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Ulf Teichgräber
- Department of Radiology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Lorenz
- Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Department of Paediatrics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Mentzel
- Department of Radiology, Section Pediatric Radiology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Krämer
- Department of Radiology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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Benusiglio PR, Fallet V, Sanchis-Borja M, Coulet F, Cadranel J. Lung cancer is also a hereditary disease. Eur Respir Rev 2021; 30:210045. [PMID: 34670806 PMCID: PMC9488670 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0045-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic genetic variants (formerly called mutations) present in the germline of some individuals are associated with a clinically relevant increased risk of developing lung cancer. These germline pathogenic variants are hereditary and are transmitted in an autosomal dominant fashion. There are two major lung cancer susceptibility syndromes, and both seem to be specifically associated with the adenocarcinoma subtype. Li-Fraumeni syndrome is caused by variants in the TP53 tumour-suppressor gene. Carriers are mainly at risk of early-onset breast cancer, sarcoma, glioma, leukaemia, adrenal cortical carcinoma and lung cancer. EGFR variants, T790M in particular, cause the EGFR susceptibility syndrome. Risk seems limited to lung cancer. Emerging data suggest that variants in ATM, the breast and pancreatic cancer susceptibility gene, also increase lung adenocarcinoma risk. As for inherited lung disease, cancer risk is increased in SFTPA1 and SFTPA2 variant carriers independently of the underlying fibrosis. In this review, we provide criteria warranting the referral of a lung cancer patient to the cancer genetics clinic. Pathogenic variants are first identified in patients with cancer, and then in a subset of their relatives. Lung cancer screening should be offered to asymptomatic carriers, with thoracic magnetic resonance imaging at its core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick R Benusiglio
- UF d'Oncogénétique clinique, Département de Génétique et Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie, DMU BioGeM, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique 938 et SIRIC CURAMUS, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Equipe Instabilité des Microsatellites et Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Fallet
- Service de Pneumologie et Oncologie Thoracique, DMU APPROCHES, Hôpital Tenon, AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- GRC04 Theranoscan, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Mateo Sanchis-Borja
- Service de Pneumologie et Oncologie Thoracique, DMU APPROCHES, Hôpital Tenon, AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Florence Coulet
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique 938 et SIRIC CURAMUS, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Equipe Instabilité des Microsatellites et Cancer, Paris, France
- UF d'Onco-angiogénétique et génomique des tumeurs solides, Département de Génétique, DMU BioGeM, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Jacques Cadranel
- Service de Pneumologie et Oncologie Thoracique, DMU APPROCHES, Hôpital Tenon, AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- GRC04 Theranoscan, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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Mezencev R, Auerbach SS. Inferred inactivation of the Cftr gene in the duodena of mice exposed to hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) in drinking water supports its tumor-suppressor status and implies its potential role in Cr(VI)-induced carcinogenesis of the small intestines. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 433:115773. [PMID: 34688701 PMCID: PMC9659473 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Carcinogenicity of hexavalent chromium [Cr (VI)] has been supported by a number of epidemiological and animal studies; however, its carcinogenic mode of action is still incompletely understood. To identify mechanisms involved in cancer development, we analyzed gene expression data from duodena of mice exposed to Cr(VI) in drinking water. This analysis included (i) identification of upstream regulatory molecules that are likely responsible for the observed gene expression changes, (ii) identification of annotated gene expression data from public repositories that correlate with gene expression changes in duodena of Cr(VI)-exposed mice, and (iii) identification of hallmark and oncogenic signature gene sets relevant to these data. We identified the inactivated CFTR gene among the top scoring upstream regulators, and found positive correlations between the expression data from duodena of Cr(VI)-exposed mice and other datasets in public repositories associated with the inactivation of the CFTR gene. In addition, we found enrichment of signatures for oncogenic signaling, sustained cell proliferation, impaired apoptosis and tissue remodeling. Results of our computational study support the tumor-suppressor role of the CFTR gene. Furthermore, our results support human relevance of the Cr(VI)-mediated carcinogenesis observed in the small intestines of exposed mice and suggest possible groups that may be more vulnerable to the adverse outcomes associated with the inactivation of CFTR by hexavalent chromium or other agents. Lastly, our findings predict, for the first time, the role of CFTR inactivation in chemical carcinogenesis and expand the range of plausible mechanisms that may be operative in Cr(VI)-mediated carcinogenesis of intestinal and possibly other tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Mezencev
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, US EPA, Washington, DC, United States.
| | - Scott S Auerbach
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
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34
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Hoskins B, Wasuwanich P, Scheimann AO, Karnsakul W. Screening strategy for gastrointestinal and hepatopancreatobiliary cancers in cystic fibrosis. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 13:1121-1131. [PMID: 34616517 PMCID: PMC8465437 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v13.i9.1121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on systematic review and meta-analysis, the risk for developing cancers in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) is known to be significantly greater than in the general population, including site-specific cancers of the esophagus, small bowel, colon, liver, biliary tract, and pancreas. An even higher risk has been found in patients who have severe CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) genotypes or who have undergone organ transplantation and are immunosuppressed. The risk continues to rise as life expectancies steadily climb due to advancements in medical care and treatment for CF. The colorectal cancer risk is at such a high level that CF has now been declared a hereditary colon cancer syndrome by the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation. The CFTR gene has been strongly-associated with the development of gastrointestinal (GI) cancers and mortality in the CF population. Even CF carriers have shown an increased rate of GI cancers compared to the general population. Several limitations exist with the reported guidelines for screening of GI and hepatopancreatobiliary cancers in the CF population, which are largely universal and are still emerging. There is a need for more precise screening based on specific risk factors, including CFTR mutation, medical co-morbidities (such as gastroesophageal reflux disease, distal intestinal obstruction syndrome, and diabetes mellitus), familial risks for each cancer, gender, age, and other factors. In this review, we propose changes to the guidelines for GI screening of patients with CF. With the development of CFTR modulators, additional studies are necessary to elucidate if there is an effect on cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett Hoskins
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
| | - Paul Wasuwanich
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
| | - Ann O Scheimann
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
| | - Wikrom Karnsakul
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
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35
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The Intestinal Microbiome and Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Modulators: Emerging Themes in the Management of Gastrointestinal Manifestations of Cystic Fibrosis. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2021; 23:17. [PMID: 34448955 DOI: 10.1007/s11894-021-00817-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW While commonly associated with pulmonary manifestations, cystic fibrosis (CF) is a systemic disease with wide-ranging effects on the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. This article reviews major recent updates in gastroenterological CF care and research. RECENT FINDINGS The high burden of GI symptoms in CF has led to recent studies assessing GI-specific symptom questionnaires and scoring systems. Intestinal dysbiosis potentially contributes to gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with CF and an increased risk of gastrointestinal cancers in CF. An increased incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) has led to CF-specific CRC screening and surveillance recommendations. Pharmacologic therapies targeting specific cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) mutations have shown promise in treating GI manifestations of CF. New research has highlighted the importance of intestinal dysbiosis in CF. Future studies should assess whether CFTR modulators affect the gut microbiome and whether altering the gut microbiome will impact GI symptoms and GI cancer risk.
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Schamschula E, Lahnsteiner A, Assenov Y, Hagmann W, Zaborsky N, Wiederstein M, Strobl A, Stanke F, Muley T, Plass C, Tümmler B, Risch A. Disease-related blood-based differential methylation in cystic fibrosis and its representation in lung cancer revealed a regulatory locus in PKP3 in lung epithelial cells. Epigenetics 2021; 17:837-860. [PMID: 34415821 PMCID: PMC9423854 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2021.1959976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a monogenic disease, characterized by massive chronic lung inflammation. The observed variability in clinical phenotypes in monozygotic CF twins is likely associated with the extent of inflammation. This study sought to investigate inflammation-related aberrant DNA methylation in CF twins and to determine to what extent acquired methylation changes may be associated with lung cancer. Blood-based genome-wide DNA methylation analysis was performed to compare the DNA methylomes of monozygotic twins, from the European CF Twin and Sibling Study with various degrees of disease severity. Putatively inflammation-related and differentially methylated positions were selected from a large lung cancer case-control study and investigated in blood by targeted bisulphite next-generation-sequencing. An inflammation-related locus located in the Plakophilin-3 (PKP3) gene was functionally analysed regarding promoter and enhancer activity in presence and absence of methylation using luciferase reporter assays. We confirmed in a unique cohort that monozygotic twins, even if clinically discordant, have only minor differences in global DNA methylation patterns and blood cell composition. Further, we determined the most differentially methylated positions, a high proportion of which are blood cell-type-specific, whereas others may be acquired and thus have potential relevance in the context of inflammation as lung cancer risk factors. We identified a sequence in the gene body of PKP3 which is hypermethylated in blood from CF twins with severe phenotype and highly variably methylated in lung cancer patients and controls, independent of known clinical parameters, and showed that this region exhibits methylation-dependent promoter activity in lung epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yassen Assenov
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hagmann
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nadja Zaborsky
- Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Salzburg Cancer Research Institute - Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research (SCRI-LIMCR), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Anna Strobl
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Frauke Stanke
- Clinical Research Group, Clinic for Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and NeonatologyClinic for Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Muley
- Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Plass
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Burkhard Tümmler
- Clinical Research Group, Clinic for Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and NeonatologyClinic for Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Angela Risch
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.,Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.,Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
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37
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Archangelidi O, Cullinan P, Simmonds NJ, Mentzakis E, Peckham D, Bilton D, Carr SB. Incidence and risk factors of cancer in individuals with cystic fibrosis in the UK; a case-control study. J Cyst Fibros 2021; 21:302-308. [PMID: 34348871 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
To assess cancer incidence in the UK cystic fibrosis (CF) population and determine the associated risk factors, we undertook a nested case-control study of patients with CF, registered with the UK CF Registry. Each case with a first reported cancer between 1999 and 2017 was matched with up to 4 controls: by age (±2-years) and year of cancer diagnosis. Conditional logistic regressions were adjusted for sex, lung function (FEV1%), CF related diabetes (CFRD), F508del status, transplant status, DIOS, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, meconium ileus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, pancreatic insufficiency, proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use, IV antibiotic days and BMI. Results: From 12,886 registered patients, 146 (1.1%) cases of malignancy were identified with 14.3% of cases occurring post solid organ transplant. Site of primary cancer was available for 98 patients: 22% were gastro-intestinal in origin (77% lower, 23% upper GI), 13% skin, 13% breast and 11% lymphomas/leukaemia. In univariable analysis, transplantation increased the odds of reporting any cancer by 2.46 times (95%CI: 1.3-4.6). CFRD also increased the odds of reporting any cancer (OR 2.35; CI: 1.37-4.0) and PPI use (OR 2.0; CI 1.28-3.19). In the multivariable models significant associations with CFRD and transplant remained, while PA infection, PPI use and being overweight showed increased, but statistically insignificant risks. The incidence of GI cancer was strongly associated with CFRD (OR=4.04; 1.47-11.1). Conclusions: We observed a high incidence of lower GI cancers in our cohort which was significantly affected by the presence of CFRD. Screening for gastrointestinal cancers could benefit patients at higher risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Archangelidi
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London; Amgem Ltd
| | - Paul Cullinan
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London; Royal Brompton Hospital, London
| | - Nicholas J Simmonds
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London; Royal Brompton Hospital, London
| | | | | | - Diana Bilton
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London; Royal Brompton Hospital, London
| | - Siobhán B Carr
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London; Royal Brompton Hospital, London.
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Hayward MK, Muncie JM, Weaver VM. Tissue mechanics in stem cell fate, development, and cancer. Dev Cell 2021; 56:1833-1847. [PMID: 34107299 PMCID: PMC9056158 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cells in tissues experience a plethora of forces that regulate their fate and modulate development and homeostasis. Cells sense mechanical cues through localized mechanoreceptors or by influencing cytoskeletal or plasma membrane organization. Cells translate force and modulate their behavior through a process termed mechanotransduction. Cells tune their tension upon exposure to chronic force by engaging cellular machinery that modulates actin tension, which in turn stimulates matrix remodeling and stiffening and alters cell-cell adhesions until cells achieve a state of tensional homeostasis. Loss of tensional homeostasis can be induced through oncogene activity and/or tissue fibrosis, accompanies tumor progression, and is associated with increased cancer risk. The mechanical stresses that develop in tumors can also foster the mesenchymal-like transdifferentiation of cells to induce a stem-like phenotype that contributes to their aggression, metastatic dissemination, and treatment resistance. Thus, strategies that ameliorate tumor mechanics may comprise an effective strategy to prevent aggressive tumor behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary-Kate Hayward
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | | | - Valerie M Weaver
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Department of Radiation Oncology, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; The Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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Abstract
Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is the commonest inherited genetic disorder in Caucasians due to a mutation in the gene CFTR (Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator), and it should be considered as an Inherited Colorectal Cancer (CRC) Syndrome. In the United States, physicians of CF Foundation established the “Developing Innovative Gastroenterology Speciality Training Program” to increase the research on CF in gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary diseases. The risk to develop a CRC is 5–10 times higher in CF patients than in the general population and even greater in CF patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy due to organ transplantation (30-fold increased risk relative to the general population). Colonoscopy should be considered the best screening for CRC in CF patients. The screening colonoscopy should be started at the age of 40 in CF patients and, if negative, a new colonoscopy should be performed every 5 years and every 3 years if adenomas are detected. For transplanted CF patients, the screening colonoscopy could be started at the age of 35, in transplanted patients at the age of 30 and, if before, at the age of 30. CF transplanted patients, between the age of 35 and 55, must repeat colonoscopy every 3 years. Our review draws attention towards the clinically relevant development of CRC in CF patients, and it may pave the way for further screenings and studies.
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40
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J Burton S, Hachem C, Abraham JM. Luminal Gastrointestinal Manifestations of Cystic Fibrosis. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2021; 23:4. [PMID: 33758994 DOI: 10.1007/s11894-021-00806-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW People with cystic fibrosis (CF) are living longer. General age-related and CF-specific gastrointestinal symptoms are increasingly recognized. In this article, we review the latest data on luminal gastrointestinal manifestations in CF. RECENT FINDINGS People with CF have increased incidence of gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms and often prescribed proton-pump inhibitors (PPI). PPI use may increase risk of pulmonary exacerbations. Evidence to support gastric fundoplication to improve pulmonary outcomes is limited. Features of intestinal dysmotility are common. There are distinct differences in the gut microbiome in the CF population which may have clinical implications. CF is a possible hereditary digestive cancer syndrome, particularly in regard to colorectal cancer (CRC) with earlier incidence of CRC and advanced colonic neoplasia. Early screening colonoscopy is warranted in the CF population. Gastrointestinal manifestations in CF are prevalent across all digestive organs. More study on the effect of interventions for symptomatic treatment and cancer screening is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Burton
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MI, USA
| | - Christine Hachem
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MI, USA
| | - James M Abraham
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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In-Depth Characterization of Stromal Cells within the Tumor Microenvironment Yields Novel Therapeutic Targets. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13061466. [PMID: 33806802 PMCID: PMC8005121 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This up-to-date and in-depth review describes fibroblast-derived cells and their role within the tumor microenvironment for tumor progression. Moreover, targets for future antitumor therapies are summarized and potential aspects for future translational research are outlined. Furthermore, this review discusses the challenges and possible obstacles related to certain treatment targets. Abstract Cells within the tumor stroma are essential for tumor progression. In particular, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) and CAF precursor cells (resident fibroblasts and mesenchymal stromal cells) are responsible for the formation of the extracellular matrix in tumor tissue. Consequently, CAFs directly and indirectly mediate inflammation, metastasis, immunomodulation, angiogenesis, and the development of tumor chemoresistance, which is orchestrated by complex intercellular cytokine-mediated crosstalk. CAFs represent a strategic target in antitumor therapy but their heterogeneity hinders effective treatment regimes. In-depth understanding of CAF subpopulations and knowledge of specific functions in tumor progression will ultimately result in more specific and effective cancer treatments. This review provides a detailed description of CAFs and CAF precursor cells and summarizes possible treatment strategies as well as molecular targets of these cells in antitumor therapies.
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Amiri M, Seidler UE, Nikolovska K. The Role of pH i in Intestinal Epithelial Proliferation-Transport Mechanisms, Regulatory Pathways, and Consequences. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:618135. [PMID: 33553180 PMCID: PMC7862550 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.618135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During the maturation of intestinal epithelial cells along the crypt/surface axis, a multitude of acid/base transporters are differentially expressed in their apical and basolateral membranes, enabling processes of electrolyte, macromolecule, nutrient, acid/base and fluid secretion, and absorption. An intracellular pH (pHi)-gradient is generated along the epithelial crypt/surface axis, either as a consequence of the sum of the ion transport activities or as a distinctly regulated entity. While the role of pHi on proliferation, migration, and tumorigenesis has been explored in cancer cells for some time, emerging evidence suggests an important role of the pHi in the intestinal stem cells (ISCs) proliferative rate under physiological conditions. The present review highlights the current state of knowledge about the potential regulatory role of pHi on intestinal proliferation and differentiation.
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Schnipper J, Dhennin-Duthille I, Ahidouch A, Ouadid-Ahidouch H. Ion Channel Signature in Healthy Pancreas and Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:568993. [PMID: 33178018 PMCID: PMC7596276 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.568993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the fourth most common cause of cancer-related deaths in United States and Europe. It is predicted that PDAC will become the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths during the next decades. The development of PDAC is not well understood, however, studies have shown that dysregulated exocrine pancreatic fluid secretion can contribute to pathologies of exocrine pancreas, including PDAC. The major roles of healthy exocrine pancreatic tissue are secretion of enzymes and bicarbonate rich fluid, where ion channels participate to fine-tune these biological processes. It is well known that ion channels located in the plasma membrane regulate multiple cellular functions and are involved in the communication between extracellular events and intracellular signaling pathways and can function as signal transducers themselves. Hereby, they contribute to maintain resting membrane potential, electrical signaling in excitable cells, and ion homeostasis. Despite their contribution to basic cellular processes, ion channels are also involved in the malignant transformation from a normal to a malignant phenotype. Aberrant expression and activity of ion channels have an impact on essentially all hallmarks of cancer defined as; uncontrolled proliferation, evasion of apoptosis, sustained angiogenesis and promotion of invasion and migration. Research indicates that certain ion channels are involved in the aberrant tumor growth and metastatic processes of PDAC. The purpose of this review is to summarize the important expression, localization, and function of ion channels in normal exocrine pancreatic tissue and how they are involved in PDAC progression and development. As ion channels are suggested to be potential targets of treatment they are furthermore suggested to be biomarkers of different cancers. Therefore, we describe the importance of ion channels in PDAC as markers of diagnosis and clinical factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Schnipper
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, UR-4667, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Isabelle Dhennin-Duthille
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, UR-4667, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Ahmed Ahidouch
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, UR-4667, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Halima Ouadid-Ahidouch
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, UR-4667, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
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Primary lung carcinoma in cystic fibrosis: A case report and literature review. Respir Med Case Rep 2020; 31:101242. [PMID: 33117646 PMCID: PMC7582100 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2020.101242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) have increased life span because of improved care over last 50 years. With increasing survival, predisposition of cancer may become evident. We have observed increase risk of gastrointestinal tract cancer, testicular cancer and lymphoid leukemia. Lung cancer in patients with CF is rare. Our patient developed chronic respiratory failure due to CF related bronchiectasis. Patient had progressive disease despite optimum treatment, requiring lung transplantation. Pathology of explant lung showed focus of invasive adenocarcinoma of lung origin. Patient had no evidence of lung carcinoma recurrence in one year. To our knowledge this is the fourth reported lung cancer case in a patient with CF.
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Rapetti-Mauss R, Berenguier C, Allegrini B, Soriani O. Interplay Between Ion Channels and the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway in Cancers. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:525020. [PMID: 33117152 PMCID: PMC7552962 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.525020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence point out the important roles of ion channels in the physiopathology of cancers, so that these proteins are now considered as potential new therapeutic targets and biomarkers in this disease. Indeed, ion channels have been largely described to participate in many hallmarks of cancers such as migration, invasion, proliferation, angiogenesis, and resistance to apoptosis. At the molecular level, the development of cancers is characterised by alterations in transduction pathways that control cell behaviors. However, the interactions between ion channels and cancer-related signaling pathways are poorly understood so far. Nevertheless, a limited number of reports have recently addressed this important issue, especially regarding the interaction between ion channels and one of the main driving forces for cancer development: the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. In this review, we propose to explore and discuss the current knowledge regarding the interplay between ion channels and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in cancers.
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Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common fatal autosomal recessive disease in the Caucasian population. A mutation in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator protein (CFTR) gene leads to the production of abnormally viscous mucus and secretions in the lungs of these patients. A similar pathology also occurs in other organs. In the abdomen, among others the gastrointestinal tract, the pancreas, and the hepatobiliary system are affected. The involvement of the pancreas leads to its exocrine and endocrine insufficiency. Hepatic manifestations include hepatic steatosis, focal biliary and multilobular cirrhosis, and portal hypertension. Biliary complications include cholelithiasis, microgallbladder, and sclerosing cholangitis. In the gastrointestinal tract, complications such as the distal intestinal obstruction syndrome, invaginations, chronic constipation, wall thickening, and fibrosis in the colon may occur. An important renal manifestation is nephrolithiasis. With currently rapidly increasing life expectancy of patients with cystic fibrosis, complications of extrapulmonary cystic fibrosis manifestations including hepatic and gastrointestinal malignancy could be an increasing cause of morbidity and mortality of these patients. It is therefore important for radiologists to know and recognize these clinical patterns and to monitor these manifestations in follow-up exams. Previous therapy of extrapulmonary manifestations has been largely symptomatic. Fortunately, the new CFTR modulators seem to represent an effective causal therapeutic approach here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Sommerburg
- Sektion für Pädiatrische Pneumologie & Allergologie und Mukoviszidosezentrum, Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, 69120, Heidelberg, Deutschland. .,Zentrum für Translationale Lungenforschung Heidelberg (TLRC), Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung (DZL), Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Deutschland.
| | - Jens-Peter Schenk
- Sektion für Pädiatrische Radiologie, Klinik für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Deutschland
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Ion Channels in Cancer: Orchestrators of Electrical Signaling and Cellular Crosstalk. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 183:103-133. [PMID: 32894333 DOI: 10.1007/112_2020_48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Ion channels are pore-forming transmembrane proteins that govern ion flux to regulate a myriad of biological processes in development, physiology, and disease. Across various types of cancer, ion channel expression and activity are often dysregulated. We review the contribution of ion channels to multiple stages of tumorigenesis based on data from in vivo model systems. As intertumoral and intratumoral heterogeneities are major obstacles in developing effective therapies, we provide perspectives on how ion channels in tumor cells and their microenvironment represent targetable vulnerabilities in the areas of tumor-stromal cell interactions, cancer neuroscience, and cancer mechanobiology.
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Abstract
Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein modulators have revolutionized care for individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) with positive effects on the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. There is emerging evidence linking CFTR dysfunction to celiac disease (CD). We present 3 cases of patients with CF, genotype F508del/G551D, treated with CFTR modulator, ivacaftor, and diagnosed with CD. These patients tested for CD because they had persistent GI symptoms that had partially improved with ivacaftor. This case series highlights the importance of a better understanding of how CFTR modulators impact the GI tract, their possible link to CD, and the importance of considering CD when evaluating GI symptoms in individuals with CF.
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Gentiluomo M, Canzian F, Nicolini A, Gemignani F, Landi S, Campa D. Germline genetic variability in pancreatic cancer risk and prognosis. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 79:105-131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Greenhalf W, Lévy P, Gress T, Rebours V, Brand RE, Pandol S, Chari S, Jørgensen MT, Mayerle J, Lerch MM, Hegyi P, Kleeff J, Castillo CFD, Isaji S, Shimosegawa T, Sheel A, Halloran CM, Garg P, Takaori K, Besselink MG, Forsmark CE, Wilcox CM, Maisonneuve P, Yadav D, Whitcomb D, Neoptolemos J. International consensus guidelines on surveillance for pancreatic cancer in chronic pancreatitis. Recommendations from the working group for the international consensus guidelines for chronic pancreatitis in collaboration with the International Association of Pancreatology, the American Pancreatic Association, the Japan Pancreas Society, and European Pancreatic Club. Pancreatology 2020; 20:910-918. [PMID: 32624419 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2020.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP) have an increased risk of pancreatic cancer. We present the international consensus guidelines for surveillance of pancreatic cancer in CP. METHODS The international group evaluated 10 statements generated from evidence on 5 questions relating to pancreatic cancer in CP. The GRADE approach was used to evaluate the level of evidence available per statement. The working group voted on each statement for strength of agreement, using a nine-point Likert scale in order to calculate Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient. RESULTS In the following domains there was strong consensus: (1) the risk of pancreatic cancer in affected individuals with hereditary pancreatitis due to inherited PRSS1 mutations is high enough to justify surveillance; (2) the risk of pancreatic cancer in patients with CP associated with SPINK1 p. N34S is not high enough to justify surveillance; (3) surveillance should be undertaken in pancreatic specialist centers; (4) surveillance should only be introduced after the age of 40 years and stopped when the patient would no longer be suitable for surgical intervention. All patients with CP should be advised to lead a healthy lifestyle aimed at avoiding risk factors for progression of CP and pancreatic cancer. There was only moderate or weak agreement on the best methods of screening and surveillance in other types of environmental, familial and genetic forms of CP. CONCLUSIONS Patients with inherited PRSS1 mutations should undergo surveillance for pancreatic cancer, but the best methods for cancer detection need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Greenhalf
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Philippe Lévy
- Service de Pancréatologie-Gastroentérologie, Pôle des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, DHU UNITY, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP, 92118 Clichy Cedex, and Université Paris 7, France
| | - Thomas Gress
- Department of Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospital, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Vinciane Rebours
- Service de Pancréatologie-Gastroentérologie, Pôle des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, DHU UNITY, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP, 92118 Clichy Cedex, and Université Paris 7, France
| | - Randall E Brand
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 5200 Centre Avenue, Suite 409, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
| | - Steve Pandol
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Suresh Chari
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Julia Mayerle
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus M Lerch
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, D-17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Péter Hegyi
- Institute for Translational Medicine &Department of Translational Medicine/1st Department of Medicine, Medical School, Pécs, H-7624, Hungary
| | - Jörg Kleeff
- Department of Surgery, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | | | - Shuiji Isaji
- Department of Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.
| | - Tooru Shimosegawa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Andrea Sheel
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Christopher M Halloran
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Pramod Garg
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Kyoichi Takaori
- Department of Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Marc G Besselink
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Chris E Forsmark
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Patrick Maisonneuve
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
| | - Dhiraj Yadav
- Department of Medicine University of Pittsburgh and UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - David Whitcomb
- Department of Medicine University of Pittsburgh and UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - John Neoptolemos
- Department of General Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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