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Petsakou A, Liu Y, Liu Y, Comjean A, Hu Y, Perrimon N. Epithelial Ca 2+ waves triggered by enteric neurons heal the gut. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.14.553227. [PMID: 37645990 PMCID: PMC10461974 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.14.553227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
A fundamental and unresolved question in regenerative biology is how tissues return to homeostasis after injury. Answering this question is essential for understanding the etiology of chronic disorders such as inflammatory bowel diseases and cancer. We used the Drosophila midgut to investigate this question and discovered that during regeneration a subpopulation of cholinergic enteric neurons triggers Ca2+ currents among enterocytes to promote return of the epithelium to homeostasis. Specifically, we found that down-regulation of the cholinergic enzyme Acetylcholinesterase in the epithelium enables acetylcholine from defined enteric neurons, referred as ARCENs, to activate nicotinic receptors in enterocytes found near ARCEN-innervations. This activation triggers high Ca2+ influx that spreads in the epithelium through Inx2/Inx7 gap junctions promoting enterocyte maturation followed by reduction of proliferation and inflammation. Disrupting this process causes chronic injury consisting of ion imbalance, Yki activation and increase of inflammatory cytokines together with hyperplasia, reminiscent of inflammatory bowel diseases. Altogether, we found that during gut regeneration the conserved cholinergic pathway facilitates epithelial Ca2+ waves that heal the intestinal epithelium. Our findings demonstrate nerve- and bioelectric-dependent intestinal regeneration which advance the current understanding of how a tissue returns to its homeostatic state after injury and could ultimately help existing therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yifang Liu
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Aram Comjean
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Yanhui Hu
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Norbert Perrimon
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, USA
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NK Cells and Other Cytotoxic Innate Lymphocytes in Colorectal Cancer Progression and Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147859. [PMID: 35887206 PMCID: PMC9322916 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies and leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite its complex pathogenesis and progression, CRC represents a well-fitting example of how the immune contexture can dictate the disease outcome. The presence of cytotoxic lymphocytes, both CD8+ T cells and natural killer (NK) cells, represents a relevant prognostic factor in CRC and is associated with a better overall survival. Together with NK cells, other innate lymphocytes, namely, innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), have been found both in biopsies of CRC patients and in murine models of intestinal cancer, playing both pro- and anti-tumor activities. In particular, several type 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILC1) with cytotoxic functions have been recently described, and evidence in mice shows a role for both NK cells and ILC1 in controlling CRC metastasis. In this review, we provide an overview of the features of NK cells and the expanding spectrum of innate lymphocytes with cytotoxic functions. We also comment on both the described and the potential roles these innate lymphocytes can play during the progression of intestinal cancer leading to metastasis. Finally, we discuss recent advances in the molecular mechanisms underlying the functional regulation of cytotoxic innate lymphocytes in CRC.
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Majumder S, Shivaji UN, Kasturi R, Sigamani A, Ghosh S, Iacucci M. Inflammatory bowel disease-related colorectal cancer: Past, present and future perspectives. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2022; 14:547-567. [PMID: 35321275 PMCID: PMC8919014 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v14.i3.547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease-related colorectal cancer (IBD-CRC) is one of the most serious complications of IBD contributing to significant mortality in this cohort of patients. IBD is often associated with diet and lifestyle-related gut microbial dysbiosis, the interaction of genetic and environmental factors, leading to chronic gut inflammation. According to the “common ground hypothesis”, microbial dysbiosis and intestinal barrier impairment are at the core of the chronic inflammatory process associated with IBD-CRC. Among the many underlying factors known to increase the risk of IBD-CRC, perhaps the most important factor is chronic persistent inflammation. The persistent inflammation in the colon results in increased proliferation of cells necessary for repair but this also increases the risk of dysplastic changes due to chromosomal and microsatellite instability. Multiple pathways have been identified, regulated by many positive and negative factors involved in the development of cancer, which in this case follows the ‘inflammation-dysplasia-carcinoma’ sequence. Strategies to lower this risk are extremely important to reduce morbidity and mortality due to IBD-CRC, among which colonoscopic surveillance is the most widely accepted and implemented modality, forming part of many national and international guidelines. However, the effectiveness of surveillance in IBD has been a topic of much debate in recent years for multiple reasons — cost-benefit to health systems, resource requirements, and also because of studies showing conflicting long-term data. Our review provides a comprehensive overview of past, present, and future perspectives of IBD-CRC. We explore and analyse evidence from studies over decades and current best practices followed globally. In the future directions section, we cover emerging novel endoscopic techniques and artificial intelligence that could play an important role in managing the risk of IBD-CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snehali Majumder
- Department of Clinical Research, Narayana Health, Bangalore 560099, Karnataka, India
| | - Uday Nagesh Shivaji
- National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TH, United Kingdom
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TH, United Kingdom
| | - Rangarajan Kasturi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Narayana Health, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Alben Sigamani
- Department of Clinical Research, Narayana Health, Bangalore 560099, Karnataka, India
| | - Subrata Ghosh
- National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TH, United Kingdom
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TH, United Kingdom
| | - Marietta Iacucci
- National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TH, United Kingdom
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TH, United Kingdom
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Targeting STAT3 Signaling in COL1+ Fibroblasts Controls Colitis-Associated Cancer in Mice. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061472. [PMID: 35326623 PMCID: PMC8946800 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common disease and has limited treatment options. The importance of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) within the tumor microenvironment (TME) in CRC has been increasingly recognized. However, the role of CAF subsets in CRC is hardly understood and opposing functions of type I (COL1+) vs. type VI (COL6+) collagen-expressing subsets were reported before with respect to NFκB-related signaling. Here, we have focused on COL1+ fibroblasts, which represent a frequent CAF population in CRC and studied their role upon STAT3 activation in vivo. Using a dual strategy with a conditional gain-of-function and a conditional loss-of-function approach in an in vivo model of colitis-associated cancer, tumor development was evaluated by different readouts, including advanced imaging methodologies, e.g., light sheet microscopy and CT-scan. Our data demonstrate that the inhibition of STAT3 activation in COL1+ fibroblasts reduces tumor burden, whereas the constitutive activation of STAT3 promotes the development of inflammation-driven CRC. In addition, our work characterizes the co-expression and distribution of type I and type VI collagen by CAFs in inflammation-associated colorectal cancer using reporter mice. This work indicates a critical contribution of STAT3 signaling in COL1+ CAFs, suggesting that the blockade of STAT3 activation in type I collagen-expressing fibroblasts could serve as promising therapeutic targets in colitis-associated CRC. In combination with previous work by others and us, our current findings highlight the context-dependent roles of COL1+ CAFs and COL6+ CAFs that might be variable according to the specific pathway activated.
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PHLPP Signaling in Immune Cells. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2022; 436:117-143. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-06566-8_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Arredondo-Amador M, González R, Aranda CJ, Martínez-Augustin O, Sánchez de Medina F. Mice carrying an epithelial deletion of the glucocorticoid receptor NR3C1 develop a higher tumor load in experimental colitis-associated cancer. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2021; 321:G705-G718. [PMID: 34669484 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00384.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The glucocorticoid receptor NR3C1 is expressed in multiple cell types in the gut and elsewhere. Intestinal epithelial cells both produce and respond to glucocorticoids in different physiological and pathological contexts. In experimental colitis, glucocorticoids have been shown to exert a dual role, dampening inflammation while producing a deterioration in animal status, including death. Mice with tamoxifen-inducible, intestinal epithelial-specific deletion of NR3C1 (NR3C1ΔIEC mice) are protected against experimental colitis, suggesting glucocorticoid epithelial actions are deleterious. Since glucocorticoids modulate epithelial proliferation, it follows that they may affect the development of colon cancer. In this study, we set out to test this hypothesis using the dextran sulfate sodium-azoxymethane model of colitis-associated cancer. Knockout (KO) mice were found to exhibit a twofold higher tumor load but similar incidence and tumor size. Tumors had a higher trend to extend close to the submucosal layer (36% vs. 0%) in NR3C1ΔIEC mice, and overexpressed Lgr5, Egfr, and Myc, consistent with distinct expression of proliferative/stemness markers. Snai1 and Snai2 were upregulated specifically in tumors of NR3C1ΔIEC mice, suggesting enhanced epithelial to mesenchymal transition in the absence of the intestinal epithelial glucocorticoid (GC) receptor. We conclude that endogenous GC epithelial signaling is involved in colitis-associated cancer.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Mice carrying a tamoxifen-inducible deletion of the glucocorticoid receptor in intestinal epithelial cells (NR3C1ΔIEC mice) and their corresponding controls were subjected to the azoxymethane-dextran sulfate sodium model of colitis-associated cancer. KO mice exhibit a twofold higher tumor load, with a higher trend to extend close to the submucosal layer (36% vs. 0%), but with similar incidence and tumor size. Colonic tumors in NR3C1ΔIEC mice showed signs of increased neoplastic transformation and tumor-associated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Arredondo-Amador
- Department of Pharmacology, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), School of Pharmacy, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Raquel González
- Department of Pharmacology, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), School of Pharmacy, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Carlos J Aranda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), School of Pharmacy, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Olga Martínez-Augustin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), School of Pharmacy, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Fermín Sánchez de Medina
- Department of Pharmacology, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), School of Pharmacy, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Fan L, Xu C, Ge Q, Lin Y, Wong CC, Qi Y, Ye B, Lian Q, Zhuo W, Si J, Chen S, Wang L. A. muciniphila Suppresses Colorectal Tumorigenesis by Inducing TLR2/NLRP3-Mediated M1-Like TAMs. Cancer Immunol Res 2021; 9:1111-1124. [PMID: 34389559 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-20-1019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The interplay between gut microbiota and the host immune system is emerging as a factor in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). Here, we set out to identify the effect of Akkermansia muciniphila (A.muciniphila) on CRC pathogenesis. A. muciniphila abundance was significantly reduced in CRC patients from 2 independent clinical cohorts and the dataset. Supplementation with A. muciniphila suppressed colonic tumorigenesis in ApcMin/+ mice and the growth of implanted HCT116 or CT26 tumors in nude mice. Mechanistically, A. muciniphila facilitated enrichment of M1-like macrophages in a NLRP3-dependent manner in vivo and in vitro. As a consequence, NLRP3 deficiency in macrophages attenuated the tumor-suppressive effect of A. muciniphila. In addition, we revealed that TLR2 was essential for the activation of the NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway and A. muciniphila induced M1-like macrophage response. Corroborating these findings, we observed positive correlations between M1-like macrophages, NLRP3/TLR2 and A. muciniphila in CRC patients. In summary, A. muciniphila induced M1-like macrophages provides a therapeutic target in the CRC tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine
| | - Chaochao Xu
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University
| | - Qiwei Ge
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine
| | - Yifeng Lin
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University
| | - Chi Chun Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - Yadong Qi
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University
| | - Bin Ye
- Affiliated Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University/The Central Hospital of Lishui
| | - Qingwu Lian
- Affiliated Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University/The Central Hospital of Lishui
| | - Wei Zhuo
- Department of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine
| | - Jianmin Si
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine
| | | | - Liangjing Wang
- Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University
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Inhibitory Effects of Breast Milk-Derived Lactobacillus rhamnosus Probio-M9 on Colitis-Associated Carcinogenesis by Restoration of the Gut Microbiota in a Mouse Model. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041143. [PMID: 33808480 PMCID: PMC8065529 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a risk factor for colorectal cancer, and inflammatory cytokines secreted from inflammatory cells and active oxygen facilitate tumorigenesis. Intestinal bacteria are thought to regulate tumorigenesis. The longer the breastfeeding period, the lower is the risk of inflammatory bowel disease. Here, we investigated preventive effects of the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus M9 (Probio-M9) on colitis-associated tumorigenesis. An inflammatory colorectal tumor model was established using a 6-week-old male C57BL/6NCrSlc mouse, which was intraperitoneally administered with azoxymethane (AOM: 12 mg/kg body weight). On weeks 2 and 4, 2% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) was administered to mice for 7 days through drinking water. On weeks 8 and 10, Probio-M9 (2 × 109/day) was orally administered for 7 days. Animals were sacrificed at 20 weeks after AOM administration and immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting was performed. The α-diversity of microflora (Shannon index), principal coordinate analysis, and distribution of intestinal bacterium genera and metabolic pathways were compared. The AOM/DSS group showed weight loss, diarrhea, intestinal shortening, increased number of colon tumors, proliferating tumorigenesis, increased inflammation score, fibrosis, increased CD68+, or CD163+ macrophage cells in the subserosal layer of non-tumor areas. Inflammation and tumorigenesis ameliorated after Probio-M9 treatment. Fecal microbial functions were altered by AOM/DSS treatment. Probio-M9 significantly upregulated the fecal microbial diversity and reversed fecal microbial functions. Thus, Probio-M9 could suppress tumor formation in the large intestine by regulating the intestinal environment and ameliorating inflammation, suggesting its therapeutic potential for treatment of inflammation and colitis-associated tumorigenesis.
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MYD88 signals induce tumour-initiating cell generation through the NF-κB-HIF-1α activation cascade. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3991. [PMID: 33597599 PMCID: PMC7890054 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83603-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumour-promoting inflammation is a hallmark of cancer, and chronic inflammatory disease increases the risk of cancer. In this context, MYD88, a downstream signalling molecule of Toll-like receptors that initiates inflammatory signalling cascades, has a critical role in tumour development in mice and its gene mutation was found in human cancers. In inflammation-induced colon cancer, tumour suppressor p53 mutations have also been detected with high frequency as early events. However, the molecular mechanism of MYD88-induced cancer development is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrated that MYD88 induced the protein accumulation of the transcription factor HIF-1α through NF-κB in p53-deficient cells. HIF-1α accumulation was not caused by enhanced protein stability but by NF-κB-mediated transcriptional activation, the enhanced translation of HIF-1α and JNK activation. In contrast, MYD88-induced mRNA expressions of HIF-1α and HIF-1-target genes were attenuated in the presence of p53. Furthermore, constitutively active forms of MYD88 induced tumour-initiating cell (TIC) generation in p53-deficient cells, as determined by tumour xenografts in nude mice. TIC generating activity was diminished by the suppression of NF-κB or HIF-1α. These results indicate that MYD88 signals induce the generation of TICs through the NF-κB-HIF-1α activation cascade in p53-deficient cells and suggest this molecular mechanism underlies inflammation-induced cancer development.
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Kinugasa H, Hiraoka S, Nouso K, Yamamoto S, Hirai M, Terasawa H, Yasutomi E, Oka S, Ohmori M, Yamasaki Y, Inokuchi T, Takahara M, Harada K, Tanaka T, Okada H. Liquid biopsy for patients with IBD-associated neoplasia. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:1188. [PMID: 33272240 PMCID: PMC7712625 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07699-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is often difficult to diagnose inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-associated neoplasia endoscopically due to background inflammation. In addition, due to the absence of sensitive tumor biomarkers, countermeasures against IBD-associated neoplasia are crucial. The purpose of this study is to develop a new diagnostic method through the application of liquid biopsy. Methods Ten patients with IBD-associated cancers and high-grade dysplasia (HGD) with preserved tumor tissue and blood were included. Tumor and non-tumor tissues were analyzed for 48 cancer-related genes using next-generation sequencing. Simultaneously, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) was analyzed for mutations in the target genes using digital PCR. Results Out of 10 patients, seven had IBD-related cancer and three had IBD-related HGD. Two patients had carcinoma in situ; moreover, three had stageII and two had stage III. To avoid false positives, the mutation rate cutoff was set at 5% based on the control results; seven of 10 (70%) tumor tissue samples were mutation-positive. Mutation frequencies for each gene were as follows: TP53 (20.9%; R136H), TP53 (25.0%; C110W), TP53 (8.5%; H140Q), TP53 (31.1%; R150W), TP53 (12.8%; R141H), KRAS (40.0%; G12V), and PIK3CA (34.1%; R 88Q). The same mutations were detected in the blood of these seven patients. However, no mutations were detected in the blood of the remaining three patients with no tumor tissue mutations. The concordance rate between tumor tissue DNA and blood ctDNA was 100%. Conclusion Blood liquid biopsy has the potential to be a new method for non-invasive diagnosis of IBD-associated neoplasia. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-020-07699-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Kinugasa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Sakiko Hiraoka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nouso
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Shumpei Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Mami Hirai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Terasawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Eriko Yasutomi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Shohei Oka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Masayasu Ohmori
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yasushi Yamasaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Inokuchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Masahiro Takahara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Keita Harada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Takehiro Tanaka
- Department of Pathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Okada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
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Alkhatry M, Al-Rifai A, Annese V, Georgopoulos F, Jazzar AN, Khassouan AM, Koutoubi Z, Nathwani R, Taha MS, Limdi JK. First United Arab Emirates consensus on diagnosis and management of inflammatory bowel diseases: A 2020 Delphi consensus. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:6710-6769. [PMID: 33268959 PMCID: PMC7684461 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i43.6710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are the main entities of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by chronic remittent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The incidence and prevalence are on the rise worldwide, and the heterogeneity between patients and within individuals over time is striking. The progressive advance in our understanding of the etiopathogenesis coupled with an unprecedented increase in therapeutic options have changed the management towards evidence-based interventions by clinicians with patients. This guideline was stimulated and supported by the Emirates Gastroenterology and Hepatology Society following a systematic review and a Delphi consensus process that provided evidence- and expert opinion-based recommendations. Comprehensive up-to-date guidance is provided regarding diagnosis, evaluation of disease severity, appropriate and timely use of different investigations, choice of appropriate therapy for induction and remission phase according to disease severity, and management of main complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Alkhatry
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Department, Ibrahim Bin Hamad Obaid Allah Hospital, Ministry of Health and Prevention, Ras Al Khaiman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmad Al-Rifai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sheikh Shakbout Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Vito Annese
- Department of Gastroenterology, Valiant Clinic, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, American Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Ahmad N Jazzar
- Gastroenterology Division, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmed M Khassouan
- Digestive Disease Unit, Rashid Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Zaher Koutoubi
- Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rahul Nathwani
- Department of Gastroenterology, Mediclinic City Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Gastroenterology, Mohammed Bin Rashid University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mazen S Taha
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tawam Hospital, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jimmy K Limdi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M8 5RB, United Kingdom
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Wei X, Zhang L, Zhang R, Wu R, Si D, Ahmad B, Petitte JN, Mozdziak PE, Li Z, Guo H, Zhang M. A highly efficient hybrid peptide ameliorates intestinal inflammation and mucosal barrier damage by neutralizing lipopolysaccharides and antagonizing the lipopolysaccharide-receptor interaction. FASEB J 2020; 34:16049-16072. [PMID: 33058296 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201903263rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal inflammatory disorders, such as inflammatory bowel disease, are major contributors to mortality and morbidity in humans and animals worldwide. While some native peptides have great potential as therapeutic agents against intestinal inflammation, potential cytotoxicity, anti-inciting action, and suppression of anti-inflammatory activity may limit their development as anti-inflammatory agents. Peptide hybridization is an effective approach for the design and engineering of novel functional peptides because hybrid peptides combine the advantages and benefits of various native peptides. In the present study, a novel hybrid anti-inflammatory peptide that combines the active center of Cecropin A (C) and the core functional region of LL-37 (L) was designed [C-L peptide; C (1-8)-L (17-30)] through in silico analysis to reduce cytotoxicity and improve the anti-inflammatory activity of the parental peptides. The resulting C-L peptide exhibited lower cytotoxicity than either C or L peptides alone. C-L also exerted a protective effect against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 macrophages and in the intestines of a mouse model. The hybrid peptide exhibited increased anti-inflammatory activity compared to the parental peptides. C-L plays a role in protecting intestinal tissue from damage, LPS-induced weight loss, and leukocyte infiltration. In addition, C-L reduces the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), as well as reduces cell apoptosis. It also reduced mucosal barrier damage caused by LPS. The anti-inflammatory effects of the hybrid peptide were mainly attributed to its LPS-neutralizing activity and antagonizing the activation of LPS-induced Toll-like receptor 4-myeloid differentiation factor 2 (TLR4/MD2). The peptide also affected the TLR4-(nuclear factor κB) signaling pathway, modulating the inflammatory response upon LPS stimulation. Collectively, these findings suggest that the newly designed peptide, C-L, could be developed into a novel anti-inflammatory agent for animals or humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xubiao Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lulu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Rijun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Rujuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dayong Si
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Baseer Ahmad
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - James N Petitte
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Paul E Mozdziak
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Zhongxuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Henan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Manyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Song H, Tang X, Li X, Wang Y, Deng A, Wang W, Zhang H, Qin H, Wu L. HLJ2 Effectively Ameliorates Colitis-Associated Cancer via Inhibition of NF-κB and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:4291-4302. [PMID: 33116416 PMCID: PMC7573331 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s262806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Colitis-associated cancer (CAC) accounts for approximately 15% of IBD patient mortalities. However, currently available anti-CAC drugs possess many disadvantages including safety, specificity and side effects. Therefore, the development of novel anti-CAC compounds is imperative. HLJ2 was a monomeric compound synthesized by our institute and reported to have an effect on ulcer colitis. Methods In vivo the AOM/DSS-induced CAC model was used to evaluate the effects of HLJ2 on ameliorating CAC symptoms, immunohistochemical analysis was used to analyze the pathological damage to colons and epithelial–mesenchymal transition was for changes of cytokines. In vitro, flow cytometric analysis, immunofluorescence and Western blot were used to detect the inhibition effect of HLJ2 on nuclear factor-κB and epithelial–mesenchymal transition in TGF-β1-stimulated SW480 cells. Results In the AOM/DSS animal model, HLJ2 was demonstrated to inhibit the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and nuclear factor-κB, levels of tumorigenesis-related proteins including snail, and finally inhibited a key step in metastasis, epithelial–mesenchymal transition. In vitro, HLJ2 was also shown to inhibit nuclear factor-κB and epithelial–mesenchymal transition in TGF-β1-stimulated SW480 cells in accordance with in vivo results. Meanwhile, the nuclear factor-κB inhibitor could interrupt the effect of HLJ2 on epithelial–mesenchymal transition. Discussion HLJ2 may ameliorate CAC through inhibiting nuclear factor-κB and then downstream epithelial–mesenchymal transition. The combination of the obvious improvement in effects on CAC without obvious side effects suggests that HLJ2 could be developed as a potential CAC therapeutic candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huachen Song
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaonan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Anjun Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Haijing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Hailin Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - LianQiu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
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Li J, Su X, Dai L, Chen N, Fang C, Dong Z, Fu J, Yu Y, Wang W, Zhang H, Wang H, Ji Y, Liu Y, Cheng L, Shi G, Zhang S, Yang Y, Deng H. Temporal DNA methylation pattern and targeted therapy in colitis-associated cancer. Carcinogenesis 2020; 41:235-244. [PMID: 31802101 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the global and temporal DNA methylation pattern during initiation and progression of colitis-associated cancer (CAC) are still unknown, including the potential therapeutic strategy of targeting methylation for CAC. In the present study, the global DNA methylation pattern was determined at different time points during CAC using DNA methylation sequencing, followed by the Starburst plot integrating alterations and potential functional prediction analysis. After demonstrating the regulatory role of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) on the expression of hub-genes in CRC cells, DNMT inhibitors were administered to treat CAC mice. Our results indicated that 811 genes were hypermethylated at different time points during initiation and progression of CAC. Genes that were downregulated and hypermethylated during CAC, including hub-genes BAD and inositol polyphosphate phosphatase-like 1 (INPPL1), were involved in MAPK signaling pathways, kit receptor signaling pathways, apoptosis and EGF/EGFR signaling pathways. Upregulated DNMTs (DNMT1, DNMT3A and DNMT3B) mediated downregulation and hypermethylation of BAD and INPPL1 in CAC and CRC cells. Low doses of DNMT inhibitors (decitabine (DAC) and azacitidine (AZA)) exerted efficient antitumor effects in CAC, accompanied with upregulation of BAD and INPPL1 expression, and apoptosis induction. In summary, the present study demonstrates the temporal DNA methylation pattern during CAC and provides a novel therapeutic strategy for treating this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junshu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Lei Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Na Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Chao Fang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China
| | - Zhexu Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Jiamei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Yan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Wenshuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Hantao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Huiling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Yanhong Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Lin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Gang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Hongxin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
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15
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Chen M, Yuan C, Xu T. An increase in prostate cancer diagnosis during inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2020; 44:302-309. [PMID: 31447293 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, some studies showed that inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) might be associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer (PC), whereas some other studies indicated that IBD was not associated with the increased risk of PC. In the present study, we aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the association of IBD and PC risk. METHODS Web of Science and PubMed were systematically searched on for link of PC risk and IBD published from January 1976 to February 2019. The pooled multivariate odd ratio (OR) or relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were obtained by the use of STATA 12.0 software. RESULTS The meta-analysis indicated that IBD showed a 78% increase in PC risk (95% CI: 1.32-2.41). Sensitivity analyses showed no changes in the direction of effect after excluding any one study (supplementary figure 1). A significant heterogeneity was detected between different studies (Q test, P<0.001). Moreover, Begg's test, Egger's tests and funnel plots indicated no significant publication bias between included studies [Begg's test (P=0.371); Egger's test (p=0.100)]. CONCLUSION The present meta-analysis demonstrated that IBD was associated with an increased diagnosis of PC. In addition, large scale prospective studies are essential to determine whether IBD increase the PC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingshi Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, N°321 Zhongshan Road, 210008 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Caihong Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Kunshan Hospital on Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, 215332 Jiangsu, China
| | - Tianshu Xu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, N°321 Zhongshan Road, 210008 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Lopens S, Krawczyk M, Papp M, Milkiewicz P, Schierack P, Liu Y, Wunsch E, Conrad K, Roggenbuck D. The search for the Holy Grail: autoantigenic targets in primary sclerosing cholangitis associated with disease phenotype and neoplasia. AUTO- IMMUNITY HIGHLIGHTS 2020; 11:6. [PMID: 32178720 PMCID: PMC7077156 DOI: 10.1186/s13317-020-00129-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Unlike in other autoimmune liver diseases such as autoimmune hepatitis and primary biliary cholangitis, the role and nature of autoantigenic targets in primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), a progressive, chronic, immune-mediated, life threatening, genetically predisposed, cholestatic liver illness, is poorly elucidated. Although anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) have been associated with the occurrence of PSC, their corresponding targets have not yet been identified entirely. Genome-wide association studies revealed a significant number of immune-related and even disease-modifying susceptibility loci for PSC. However, these loci did not allow discerning a clear autoimmune pattern nor do the therapy options and the male gender preponderance in PSC support a pathogenic role of autoimmune responses. Nevertheless, PSC is characterized by the co-occurrence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) demonstrating autoimmune responses. The identification of novel autoantigenic targets in IBD such as the major zymogen granule membrane glycoprotein 2 (GP2) or the appearance of proteinase 3 (PR3) autoantibodies (autoAbs) have refocused the interest on a putative association of loss of tolerance with the IBD phenotype and consequently with the PSC phenotype. Not surprisingly, the report of an association between GP2 IgA autoAbs and disease severity in patients with PSC gave a new impetus to autoAb research for autoimmune liver diseases. It might usher in a new era of serological research in this field. The mucosal loss of tolerance against the microbiota-sensing GP2 modulating innate and adaptive intestinal immunity and its putative role in the pathogenesis of PSC will be elaborated in this review. Furthermore, other potential PSC-related autoantigenic targets such as the neutrophil PR3 will be discussed. GP2 IgA may represent a group of new pathogenic antibodies, which share characteristics of both type 2 and 3 of antibody-mediated hypersensitive reactions according to Coombs and Gell.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcin Krawczyk
- Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Hospital, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
- Liver and Internal Medicine Unit, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria Papp
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Piotr Milkiewicz
- Liver and Internal Medicine Unit, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Peter Schierack
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty Environment and Natural Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Yudong Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ewa Wunsch
- Translational Medicine Group, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Karsten Conrad
- Institute of Immunology, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Dirk Roggenbuck
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty Environment and Natural Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany.
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Joint Faculty of the Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, the Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and the University of Potsdam, Universitätsplatz 1, 01968, Senftenberg, Germany.
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Yang ZH, Dang YQ, Ji G. Role of epigenetics in transformation of inflammation into colorectal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:2863-2877. [PMID: 31249445 PMCID: PMC6589733 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i23.2863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular mechanisms associated with inflammation-promoted tumorigenesis have become an important topic in cancer research. Various abnormal epigenetic changes, including DNA methylation, histone modification, chromatin remodeling, and noncoding RNA regulation, occur during the transformation of chronic inflammation into colorectal cancer (CRC). These changes not only accelerate transformation but also lead to cancer progression and metastasis by activating carcinogenic signaling pathways. The NF-κB and STAT3 signaling pathways play a particularly important role in the transformation of inflammation into CRC, and both are critical to cellular signal transduction and constantly activated in cancer by various abnormal changes including epigenetics. The NF-κB and STAT3 signals contribute to the microenvironment for tumorigenesis through secretion of a large number of pro-inflammatory cytokines and their crosstalk in the nucleus makes it even more difficult to treat CRC. Compared with gene mutation that is irreversible, epigenetic inheritance is reversible or can be altered by the intervention. Therefore, understanding the role of epigenetic inheritance in the inflammation-cancer transformation may elucidate the pathogenesis of CRC and promote the development of innovative drugs targeting transformation to prevent and treat this malignancy. This review summarizes the literature on the roles of epigenetic mechanisms in the occurrence and development of inflammation-induced CRC. Exploring the role of epigenetics in the transformation of inflammation into CRC may help stimulate futures studies on the role of molecular therapy in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Hua Yang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
- Digestive Endoscopy Department, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yan-Qi Dang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guang Ji
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
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18
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Ulugöl S, Hering L, Manzini R, Montalban Arques A, Gottier C, Lang S, Scharl M, Spalinger MR. Deletion of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Nonreceptor Type 2 in Intestinal Epithelial Cells Results in Upregulation of the Related Phosphatase Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Nonreceptor Type 23. Inflamm Intest Dis 2019; 4:14-26. [PMID: 31172009 DOI: 10.1159/000499157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Knockdown of protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 2 (PTPN2) exaggerates IFN-γ-induced intestinal barrier defects, but mice constitutively lacking PTPN2 in epithelial cells (PTPN2xVilCre mice) do not show changes in epithelial function or enhanced susceptibility to experimental colitis. Here, we investigated whether PTPN2 modulates the expression of related tyrosine phosphatases. Methods PTPN2 knockdown in HT-29 cells was induced using siRNA constructs. Acute colitis in PTPN2xVilCre mice was induced by 2% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water for 7 days. Colitis-associated tumors were induced by injection of azoxymethane prior to treatment with DSS for 3 consecutive cycles. Results In HT-29 cells, PTPN2 depletion resulted in enhanced mRNA expression of PTPN11 and PTPN23 and in parallel to upregulation of IL-18 mRNA upon treatment with TNF for 24 h. DSS treatment of PTPN2-deficient mice resulted in a strong induction of Ptpn23 mRNA in colon tissue in vivo. In the tumor model, Ptpn23 mRNA was again clearly upregulated in nontumor tissue from PTPN2-deficient mice; however, this was not observed in tumor tissue. Conclusions Our experiments show that PTPN23 function might, at least partially, compensate lack of PTPN2 in epithelial cells. Upregulation of PTPN23 might therefore crucially contribute to the lack of a colitis phenotype in PTPN2-VilCre mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Ulugöl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Larissa Hering
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roberto Manzini
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ana Montalban Arques
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Gottier
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Lang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Scharl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Institute for Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marianne R Spalinger
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Gaspar R, Santos-Antunes J, Marques M, Liberal R, Melo D, Pereira P, Lopes S, Macedo G. Mixed Adenoneuroendocrine Tumor of the Rectum in an Ulcerative Colitis Patient. GE-PORTUGUESE JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2019; 26:125-127. [PMID: 30976618 DOI: 10.1159/000489409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Patients with inflammatory bowel disease present a higher risk of colorectal cancer, especially patients with a high degree of disease activity. Although rare, carcinoid tumors can also be associated with inflammatory bowel disease. Mixed adenoneuroendocrine tumor is defined as a neoplasm with dual differentiation (neuroendocrine and adenoma) with each component accounting for at least 30% of the tumor. We present a case of a mixed adenoneuroendocrine tumor in a patient with inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Gaspar
- aGastroenterology Department, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Margarida Marques
- aGastroenterology Department, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo Liberal
- aGastroenterology Department, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniel Melo
- bDepartment of Pathology, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Pereira
- bDepartment of Pathology, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana Lopes
- aGastroenterology Department, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Guilherme Macedo
- aGastroenterology Department, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal
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Thutkawkorapin J, Lindblom A, Tham E. Exome sequencing in 51 early onset non-familial CRC cases. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e605. [PMID: 30809968 PMCID: PMC6503031 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) cases with an age of onset <40 years suggests a germline genetic cause. In total, 51 simplex cases were included to test the hypothesis of CRC as a mendelian trait caused by either heterozygous autosomal dominant or bi‐allelic autosomal recessive pathogenic variants. Methods The cohort was whole exome sequenced (WES) at 100× coverage. Both a dominant‐ and recessive model were used for searching predisposing genetic factors. In addition, we assayed recessive variants of potential moderate risk that were enriched in our young‐onset CRC cohort. Variants were filtered using a candidate cancer gene list or by selecting variants more likely to be pathogenic based on variant type (e.g., loss‐of‐function) or allele frequency. Results We identified one pathogenic variant in PTEN in a patient subsequently confirmed to have a hereditary hamartoma tumor syndrome (Cowden syndrome) and one patient with a pathogenic heterozygous variant in PMS2 that was originally not identified by WES due to low quality reads resulting from pseudogenes. In addition, we identified three heterozygous candidate missense variants in known cancer susceptibility genes (BMPR1A,BRIP1, and SRC), three truncating variants in possibly novel cancer genes (CLSPN,SEC24B, SSH2) and four candidate missense variants in ACACA, NR2C2, INPP4A, and DIDO1. We also identify five possible autosomal recessive candidate genes: ATP10B,PKHD1,UGGT2,MYH13,TFF3. Conclusion Two clear pathogenic variants were identified in patients that had not been identified clinically. Thus, the chance of detecting a hereditary cancer syndrome in patients with CRC at young age but without family history is 2/51 (4%) and therefore the clinical benefit of genetic testing in this patient group is low. Of note, using stringent filtering, we have identified a total of ten candidate heterozygous variants and five possibly biallelic autosomal recessive candidate genes that warrant further study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Annika Lindblom
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet and Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emma Tham
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet and Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Kameyama H, Nagahashi M, Shimada Y, Tajima Y, Ichikawa H, Nakano M, Sakata J, Kobayashi T, Narayanan S, Takabe K, Wakai T. Genomic characterization of colitis-associated colorectal cancer. World J Surg Oncol 2018; 16:121. [PMID: 29966533 PMCID: PMC6027567 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-018-1428-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), is a chronic, idiopathic, repeated inflammatory disease. Colorectal cancer (CRC) that develops in patients with IBD is known as colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC), but the underlying carcinogenic mechanism remains unclear. Genomic analysis of sporadic CRC has been well described based on next-generation sequencing (NGS) data. Using NGS, we compared all exons of 415 cancer-associated genes in patients in Japan and the USA who had CRC and found similar genomic alteration patterns among the two populations. However, genomic analysis of CAC has not been thoroughly investigated. MAIN BODY The molecular pathogenesis of CAC shares many features with sporadic CRC, but there are distinct variations in the time and frequency of some alterations. Gene alterations in CAC are gradually being elucidated using genomic sequencing analyses. Some studies have shown that gene alteration patterns differ between UC and CD. The carcinogenesis of CAC depends on unique environmental, genetic, and immunological factors. CONCLUSIONS In this review, we have discussed the differences in genomic alterations between sporadic CRC and CAC. NGS in patients with IBD has the potential to detect early CAC and to suggest therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Kameyama
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Niigata, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan.
| | - Masayuki Nagahashi
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Niigata, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Shimada
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Niigata, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Yosuke Tajima
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Niigata, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ichikawa
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Niigata, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Masato Nakano
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Niigata, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Jun Sakata
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Niigata, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Takashi Kobayashi
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Niigata, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Sumana Narayanan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Center Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Kazuaki Takabe
- Breast Surgery, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA.,Department of Surgery, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Toshifumi Wakai
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Niigata, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
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22
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Economic Evaluations of Treatments for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Literature Review. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 2018:7439730. [PMID: 30009158 PMCID: PMC6020513 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7439730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this literature review was to evaluate the existing evidence regarding the cost-effectiveness of treatment options in IBD. METHODS A systematic review of the literature was conducted to identify economic evaluations of IBD therapy. The literature search was performed using electronic databases MEDLINE and EMBASE. Searches were limited to full economic evaluations published in English or French between 2004 and 2016. RESULTS A total of 5,403 potentially relevant studies were identified. After screening titles and abstracts, 48 studies were included, according to the eligibility criteria. A total of 56% and 42% of the studies were assessing treatments of UC or CD, respectively. Treatment options under evaluation included biological agents, mesalamine, immunosuppressants, and surgery. The majority of studies evaluated the cost-effectiveness of biological treatments. Biological therapies were dominant in 23% of the analyses and were cost-effective according to a $CAD50,000/QALY and $CAD100,000/QALY threshold in 41% and 62% of the analyses, respectively. CONCLUSION This literature review provided a comprehensive overview of the economic evaluations for the different treatment options for IBD over the past 12 years and represents a helpful reference for future economic evaluations.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Patients with long-standing ulcerative colitis have an increased risk for the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). Colitis-related dysplasia appears to confer the greatest risk. Colonoscopic surveillance to detect dysplasia has been advocated by gastrointestinal societies. The aim of surveillance is the reduction of mortality and morbidity of CRC through detection and resection of dysplasia or detecting CRC at an earlier and potentially curable stage. Traditional surveillance has relied on mucosal assessment with targeted biopsy of visible lesions and random biopsy sampling on the premise that dysplasia was not visible at endoscopy. Advances in optical technology permitting increased detection of dysplasia and evidence that most dysplasia is visible has had practice-changing implications. RECENT FINDINGS Emerging evidence favours chromoendoscopy (CE) for dysplasia detection and is gaining wider acceptance through recent international (International Consensus Statement on Surveillance and Management of Dysplasia in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (SCENIC)) recommendations and endorsed by many gastrointestinal societies. Adoption of CE as the gold standard of surveillance has been met with by scepticism, from conflicting data, operational barriers and the need to understand the true impact of increasingly higher dysplasia detection on overall CRC mortality. Valid debate notwithstanding, implementation of a risk stratification protocol that includes CE is an effective approach allowing earlier detection of dysplasia and colorectal neoplasia, determination of surveillance intervals with appropriate allocation of resources and limiting morbidity from CRC and colonoscopy itself. Further prospective data should define the true and long-term impact of dysplasia detection with modern techniques.
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24
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Chaffin JM, Savage NM, Sharma S, Bryan LJ, Raffeld M, Jaffe ES. Persistent indolent pancolonic marginal zone lymphoma of MALT-type with plasmacytic differentiation - A rare post-transplant lymphoma? HUMAN PATHOLOGY: CASE REPORTS 2017; 10:74-78. [PMID: 32064225 PMCID: PMC7019211 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehpc.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma) is associated with chronic inflammatory disorders. We present an indolent pancolonic MALT lymphoma occurring in a 39-year-old female with history of autoimmune hepatitis requiring liver transplant in 1997 and ulcerative colitis diagnosed in 2004. Random biopsies from a grossly unremarkable surveillance colonoscopy in 2015 revealed a dense monomorphic plasmacytoid infiltrate causing expansion of lamina propria without significant crypt infiltration or destruction. These cells were positive for CD79a and CD138 and showed lambda restriction; however, CD20, CD43, CD56, HHV8, and EBER were negative. A similar pancolonic infiltrate was identified in all prior colorectal biopsies from 2010 and 2012 upon retrospective review. Subsequent computed tomography of the abdomen revealed no bowel wall thickening nor enlarged lymph nodes. Bone marrow revealed involvement consistent with stage IV disease. Biopsies from 2010 and 2015 demonstrated clonal immunoglobulin gene rearrangement. MYD88 mutation was not detected. The overall features were indicative of MALT lymphoma. Although low-grade B-cell lymphomas are not considered part of the post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder spectrum, such cases have been reported, and are typically EBV-negative. Patient underwent treatment with pentostatin for her MALT lymphoma reaching a sustained remission despite additional immunosuppression for resurgent hepatic dysfunction. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of EBV-negative pancolonic MALT lymphoma with plasmacytic differentiation post liver transplant presenting in an indolent, asymptomatic fashion with persistence for greater than five years successfully managed without compromising the patient's liver transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna M. Chaffin
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120, 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - Natasha M. Savage
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120, 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - Suash Sharma
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120, 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - Locke J. Bryan
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120, 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, United States
| | - Mark Raffeld
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Elaine S. Jaffe
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
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25
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Condensin II and GAIT complexes cooperate to restrict LINE-1 retrotransposition in epithelial cells. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1007051. [PMID: 29028794 PMCID: PMC5656329 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
LINE-1 (L1) retrotransposons can mobilize (retrotranspose) within the human genome, and mutagenic de novo L1 insertions can lead to human diseases, including cancers. As a result, cells are actively engaged in preventing L1 retrotransposition. This work reveals that the human Condensin II complex restricts L1 retrotransposition in both non-transformed and transformed cell lines through inhibition of L1 transcription and translation. Condensin II subunits, CAP-D3 and CAP-H2, interact with members of the Gamma-Interferon Activated Inhibitor of Translation (GAIT) complex including the glutamyl-prolyl-tRNA synthetase (EPRS), the ribosomal protein L13a, Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), and NS1 associated protein 1 (NSAP1). GAIT has been shown to inhibit translation of mRNAs encoding inflammatory proteins in myeloid cells by preventing the binding of the translation initiation complex, in response to Interferon gamma (IFN-γ). Excitingly, our data show that Condensin II promotes complexation of GAIT subunits. Furthermore, RNA-Immunoprecipitation experiments in epithelial cells demonstrate that Condensin II and GAIT subunits associate with L1 RNA in a co-dependent manner, independent of IFN-γ. These findings suggest that cooperation between the Condensin II and GAIT complexes may facilitate a novel mechanism of L1 repression, thus contributing to the maintenance of genome stability in somatic cells.
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26
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McDonough EM, Barrett CW, Parang B, Mittal MK, Smith JJ, Bradley AM, Choksi YA, Coburn LA, Short SP, Thompson JJ, Zhang B, Poindexter SV, Fischer MA, Chen X, Li J, Revetta FL, Naik R, Washington MK, Rosen MJ, Hiebert SW, Wilson KT, Williams CS. MTG16 is a tumor suppressor in colitis-associated carcinoma. JCI Insight 2017; 2:78210. [PMID: 28814670 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.78210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
MTG16 is a member of the myeloid translocation gene (MTG) family of transcriptional corepressors. While MTGs were originally identified in chromosomal translocations in acute myeloid leukemia, recent studies have uncovered a role in intestinal biology. For example, Mtg16-/- mice have increased intestinal proliferation and are more sensitive to intestinal injury in colitis models. MTG16 is also underexpressed in patients with moderate/severe ulcerative colitis. Based on these findings, we postulated that MTG16 might protect against colitis-associated carcinogenesis. MTG16 was downregulated at the protein and RNA levels in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and in those with colitis-associated carcinoma. Mtg16-/- mice subjected to inflammatory carcinogenesis modeling exhibited worse colitis and increased tumor multiplicity and size. Loss of MTG16 also increased severity of dysplasia, apoptosis, proliferation, DNA damage, and WNT signaling. Moreover, transplantation of WT marrow into Mtg16-/- mice failed to rescue the Mtg16-/- protumorigenic phenotypes, indicating an epithelium-specific role for MTG16. While MTG dysfunction is widely appreciated in hematopoietic malignancies, the role of this gene family in epithelial homeostasis, and in colon cancer, was unrealized. This report identifies MTG16 as an important modulator of colitis and tumor development in inflammatory carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yash A Choksi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology
| | - Lori A Coburn
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology.,Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Melissa A Fischer
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Public Health Sciences and the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Jiang Li
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Frank L Revetta
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Rishi Naik
- Department of Cancer Biology.,Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology
| | - M Kay Washington
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Michael J Rosen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Scott W Hiebert
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Keith T Wilson
- Department of Cancer Biology.,Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology.,Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Christopher S Williams
- Department of Cancer Biology.,Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology.,Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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27
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Prossomariti A, Scaioli E, Piazzi G, Fazio C, Bellanova M, Biagi E, Candela M, Brigidi P, Consolandi C, Balbi T, Chieco P, Munarini A, Pariali M, Minguzzi M, Bazzoli F, Belluzzi A, Ricciardiello L. Short-term treatment with eicosapentaenoic acid improves inflammation and affects colonic differentiation markers and microbiota in patients with ulcerative colitis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7458. [PMID: 28785079 PMCID: PMC5547132 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07992-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with long-standing ulcerative colitis (UC) have an increased colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. In this pilot study we evaluated the effect of Eicosapentaenoic acid as free fatty acid (EPA-FFA) supplementation on mucosal disease activity, colonic differentiation markers and microbiota composition in UC patients. Twenty long-standing UC patients in stable clinical remission and with fecal calprotectin (FC) > 150 µg/g were enrolled (T0) and supplemented with EPA-FFA 2 g/daily for 90 days (T3). Endoscopic and histologic disease activities were measured by Mayo and Geboes scores, respectively. HES1, KLF4, STAT3, IL-10 and SOCS3 levels were determined using western blotting and qRT-PCR, while phospho-STAT3 levels were assessed by western blotting. Goblet cells were stained by Alcian blue. Microbiota analyses were performed on both fecal and colonic samples. Nineteen patients completed the study; seventeen (89.5%) were compliant. EPA-FFA treatment reduced FC levels at T3. Patients with FC > 150 µg/g at T3 (n = 2) were assumed as non-responders. EPA-FFA improved endoscopic and histological inflammation and induced IL-10, SOCS3, HES1 and KLF4 in compliant and responder patients. Importantly, long-term UC-driven microbiota composition was partially redressed by EPA-FFA. In conclusion, EPA-FFA supplementation reduced mucosal inflammation, promoted goblet cells differentiation and modulated intestinal microbiota composition in long-standing UC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Prossomariti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Eleonora Scaioli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Piazzi
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Fazio
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Bellanova
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Biagi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Candela
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Patrizia Brigidi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Clarissa Consolandi
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies-National Research Council (ITB-CNR), Segrate, Milan, Italy
| | - Tiziana Balbi
- Pathology Unit, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pasquale Chieco
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Munarini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Milena Pariali
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Manuela Minguzzi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Franco Bazzoli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Belluzzi
- Gastroenterology Unit, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luigi Ricciardiello
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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28
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Fumery M, Dulai PS, Gupta S, Prokop LJ, Ramamoorthy S, Sandborn WJ, Singh S. Incidence, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of Colorectal Cancer in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis With Low-Grade Dysplasia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 15:665-674.e5. [PMID: 27916678 PMCID: PMC5401779 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2016.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Little is known about outcomes of patients with ulcerative colitis with low-grade dysplasia (UC-LGD). We estimated the incidence of and risk factors for progression to colorectal cancer (CRC) in cohorts of patients with UC-LGD who underwent surveillance (surveillance cohort), and the prevalence of dysplasia-related findings among patients who underwent colectomy for UC-LGD (surgical cohort). METHODS We performed a systematic literature review through June 1, 2016, to identify cohort studies of adults with UC-LGD. We estimated pooled incidence rates of CRC and risk factors associated with dysplasia progression in surveillance cohorts, and prevalence of synchronous advanced neoplasia (CRC and/or high-grade dysplasia) in surgical cohorts. RESULTS In 14 surveillance cohort studies of 671 patients with UC-LGD (52 developed CRC), the pooled annual incidence of CRC was 0.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.4-1.3); the pooled annual incidence of advanced neoplasia was 1.8% (95% CI, 0.9-2.7). Risk of CRC was higher when LGD was diagnosed by expert gastrointestinal pathologist (1.5%) than by community pathologists (0.2%). Factors significantly associated with dysplasia progression were concomitant primary sclerosing cholangitis (odds ratio [OR], 3.4; 95% CI, 1.5-7.8), invisible dysplasia (vs visible dysplasia; OR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.0-3.4), distal location (vs proximal location; OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.1-3.7), and multifocal dysplasia (vs unifocal dysplasia; OR, 3.5; 95% CI, 1.5-8.5). In 12 surgical cohort studies of 450 patients who underwent colectomy for UC-LGD, 34 patients had synchronous CRC (pooled prevalence, 17%; 95% CI, 8-33). CONCLUSION In a systematic review of the literature, we found that among patients with UC-LGD under surveillance, the annual incidence of progression to CRC was 0.8%; differences in rates of LGD diagnosis varied with pathologists' level of expertise. Concomitant primary sclerosing cholangitis, invisible dysplasia, distal location, and multifocal LGD are high-risk features associated with dysplasia progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathurin Fumery
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California,Gastroenterology Unit, Amiens University and Hospital, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Parambir S. Dulai
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Samir Gupta
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California,Division of Gastroenterology, San Diego Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, La Jolla, California
| | - Larry J. Prokop
- Department of Library Services, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Sonia Ramamoorthy
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - William J. Sandborn
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Siddharth Singh
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Division of Biomedical Informatics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.
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29
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Yamamoto-Furusho J, Bosques-Padilla F, Daffra P, De Paula J, Etchevers J, Galiano M, Ibañez P, Juliao F, Kotze P, Marroquín de la Garza J, Monreal Robles R, Rocha J, Steinwurz F, Vázquez-Frías R, Veitia G, Zaltman C. Special situations in inflammatory bowel disease: First Latin American consensus of the Pan American Crohn's and Colitis Organisation (PANCCO) (Second part). REVISTA DE GASTROENTEROLOGÍA DE MÉXICO (ENGLISH EDITION) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmxen.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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30
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Yamamoto-Furusho JK, Bosques-Padilla F, Daffra P, De Paula JA, Etchevers J, Galiano MT, Ibañez P, Juliao F, Kotze PG, Marroquín de la Garza JM, Monreal Robles R, Rocha JL, Steinwurz F, Vázquez-Frías R, Veitia G, Zaltman C. Special situations in inflammatory bowel disease: First Latin American consensus of the Pan American Crohn's and Colitis Organisation (PANCCO) (Second part). REVISTA DE GASTROENTEROLOGÍA DE MÉXICO 2017; 82:134-155. [PMID: 28318706 DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmx.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This is the first Latin American Consensus of the Pan American Crohn's and Colitis Organisation (PANCCO) regarding special situations in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The aim of this consensus is to raise awareness in the medical community in all Latin American countries with respect to pregnancy, vaccinations, infections, neoplasms, including colorectal cancer, and pediatric issues in patients with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Yamamoto-Furusho
- Clínica de Enfermedad Inflamatoria Intestinal, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México.
| | - F Bosques-Padilla
- Servicio de Gastroenterología, Hospital Universitario Dr. José Eleuterio González, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, México; Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, México
| | - P Daffra
- Servicio de Gastroenterología, Hospital Italiano, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J A De Paula
- Servicio de Gastroenterología, Hospital Italiano, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J Etchevers
- Servicio de Gastroenterología, Hospital Italiano, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M T Galiano
- Clínica de Enfermedad Inflamatoria Intestinal, Clínica Marly, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - P Ibañez
- Programa de Enfermedad Inflamatoria Intestinal, Departamento de Gastroenterología, Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| | - F Juliao
- Clínica de Enfermedad Inflamatoria Intestinal, Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe, Medellín, Colombia
| | - P G Kotze
- Hospital Universitario Cajuru, Universidad Católica del Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, Brasil
| | - J M Marroquín de la Garza
- Servicio de Gastroenterología, Hospital Universitario Dr. José Eleuterio González, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, México; Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, México
| | - R Monreal Robles
- Servicio de Gastroenterología, Hospital Universitario Dr. José Eleuterio González, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, México; Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, México
| | - J L Rocha
- Grupo Académico y de Investigación en Crohn y Colitis Ulcerosa Crónica Idiopática de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - F Steinwurz
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - R Vázquez-Frías
- Departamento de Gastroenterología Pediátrica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, México
| | - G Veitia
- Servicio de Gastroenterología, Hospital Vargas, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - C Zaltman
- Servicio de Gastroenterología, Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Universidad Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Río de Janeiro, Brasil
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