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Zhou X, Xu Q, Li W, Dong N, Stomberski C, Narla G, Lin Z. Protein Phosphatase 2A Activation Promotes Heart Transplant Acceptance in Mice. Transplantation 2024; 108:e36-e48. [PMID: 38126420 PMCID: PMC10922415 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although heart transplantation is the definitive treatment for heart failure in eligible patients, both acute and chronic transplant rejection frequently occur. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activity is critical in maintaining tissue and organ homeostasis. In this study, we evaluated the effect of a novel class of small molecule activators of PP2A (SMAPs) on allograft rejection in a mouse heterotopic heart transplantation model. METHODS Recipient mice were administered with DT-061 (a pharmaceutically optimized SMAP) or vehicle by oral gavage beginning 1 d after transplantation. Histological and immunofluorescence analyses were performed to examine allograft rejection. Regulatory T cells (Treg) from recipient spleens were subjected to flow cytometry and RNA sequencing analysis. Finally, the effect of DT-061 on smooth muscle cells (SMCs) migration and proliferation was assessed. RESULTS DT-061 treatment prolonged cardiac allograft survival. SMAPs effectively suppressed the inflammatory immune response while increasing Treg population in the allografts, findings corroborated by functional analysis of RNA sequencing data derived from Treg of treated splenic tissues. Importantly, SMAPs extended immunosuppressive agent cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4-Ig-induced cardiac transplantation tolerance and allograft survival. SMAPs also strongly mitigated cardiac allograft vasculopathy as evidenced by a marked reduction of neointimal hyperplasia and SMC proliferation. Finally, our in vitro studies implicate suppression of MEK/ERK pathways as a unifying mechanism for the effect of PP2A modulation in Treg and SMCs. CONCLUSIONS PP2A activation prevents cardiac rejection and prolongs allograft survival in a murine model. Our findings highlight the potential of PP2A activation in improving alloengraftment in heart transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianming Zhou
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wangzi Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Nianguo Dong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Colin Stomberski
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Goutham Narla
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Zhiyong Lin
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Cavalcante-Silva LHA, Leite EG, Almeida FS, de Andrade AG, Comberlang FC, Lucena CKR, Pachá ASC, Csordas BG, Keesen TSL. T Cell Response in Tuberculosis-Infected Patients Vaccinated against COVID-19. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2810. [PMID: 38004820 PMCID: PMC10673403 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Many studies have focused on SARS-CoV-2 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) co-infection consequences. However, after a vaccination plan against COVID-19, the cases of severe disease and death are consistently controlled, although cases of asymptomatic and mild COVID-19 still happen together with tuberculosis (TB) cases. Thus, in this context, we sought to compare the T cell response of COVID-19-non-vaccinated and -vaccinated patients with active tuberculosis exposed to SARS-CoV-2 antigens. Flow cytometry was used to analyze activation markers (i.e., CD69 and CD137) and cytokines (IFN-γ, TNFα, IL-17, and IL-10) levels in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells upon exposure to SARS-CoV-2 peptides. The data obtained showed that CD8+ T cells from non-vaccinated TB patients present a high frequency of CD69 and TNF-α after viral challenge compared to vaccinated TB donors. Conversely, CD4+ T cells from vaccinated TB patients show a high frequency of IL-10 after spike peptide stimulus compared to non-vaccinated patients. No differences were observed in the other parameters analyzed. The results suggest that this reduced immune balance in coinfected individuals may have consequences for pathogen control, necessitating further research to understand its impact on clinical outcomes after COVID-19 vaccination in those with concurrent SARS-CoV-2 and Mtb infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Henrique Agra Cavalcante-Silva
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil; (L.H.A.C.-S.); (E.G.L.); (F.S.A.); (A.G.d.A.); (F.C.C.); (B.G.C.)
| | - Ericka Garcia Leite
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil; (L.H.A.C.-S.); (E.G.L.); (F.S.A.); (A.G.d.A.); (F.C.C.); (B.G.C.)
| | - Fernanda Silva Almeida
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil; (L.H.A.C.-S.); (E.G.L.); (F.S.A.); (A.G.d.A.); (F.C.C.); (B.G.C.)
| | - Arthur Gomes de Andrade
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil; (L.H.A.C.-S.); (E.G.L.); (F.S.A.); (A.G.d.A.); (F.C.C.); (B.G.C.)
| | - Fernando Cézar Comberlang
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil; (L.H.A.C.-S.); (E.G.L.); (F.S.A.); (A.G.d.A.); (F.C.C.); (B.G.C.)
| | | | | | - Bárbara Guimarães Csordas
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil; (L.H.A.C.-S.); (E.G.L.); (F.S.A.); (A.G.d.A.); (F.C.C.); (B.G.C.)
| | - Tatjana S. L. Keesen
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil; (L.H.A.C.-S.); (E.G.L.); (F.S.A.); (A.G.d.A.); (F.C.C.); (B.G.C.)
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3
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Lebel Y, Milo T, Bar A, Mayo A, Alon U. Excitable dynamics of flares and relapses in autoimmune diseases. iScience 2023; 26:108084. [PMID: 37915612 PMCID: PMC10616393 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Many autoimmune disorders exhibit flares in which symptoms erupt and then decline, as exemplified by multiple sclerosis (MS) in its relapsing-remitting form. Existing mathematical models of autoimmune flares often assume regular oscillations, failing to capture the stochastic and non-periodic nature of flare-ups. We suggest that autoimmune flares are driven by excitable dynamics triggered by stochastic events auch as stress, infection and other factors. Our minimal model, involving autoreactive and regulatory T-cells, demonstrates this concept. Autoimmune response initiates antigen-induced expansion through positive feedback, while regulatory cells counter the autoreactive cells through negative feedback. The model explains the decrease in MS relapses during pregnancy and the subsequent surge postpartum, based on lymphocyte dynamics. Additionally, it identifies potential therapeutic targets, predicting significant reduction in relapse rate from mild adjustments of regulatory T cell activity or production. These findings indicate that excitable dynamics may underlie flare-ups across various autoimmune disorders, potentially informing treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Lebel
- Department Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100 Israel
| | - Tomer Milo
- Department Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100 Israel
| | - Alon Bar
- Department Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100 Israel
| | - Avi Mayo
- Department Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100 Israel
| | - Uri Alon
- Department Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100 Israel
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4
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Guo Y, Zhou M, Mu Z, Guo J, Hou Y, Xu Y, Geng L. Recent advances in shikonin for the treatment of immune-related diseases: Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory mechanisms. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115138. [PMID: 37454591 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Shikonin, the primary active compound found in the rhizome of the traditional Chinese medicinal herb known as "ZiCao", exhibits a diverse range of pharmacological effects. This drug has a wide range of uses, including as an anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-cancer agent. It is also effective in promoting wound healing and treating autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, diabetes, asthma, systemic lupus erythematosus, inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis, and rheumatoid arthritis. Although shikonin has a wide range of applications, its mechanisms are still not fully understood. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advancements in the use of shikonin for the treatment of immune-related diseases. The article also delves into the anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory mechanisms of shikonin and offers insights into the inflammation and immunopathogenesis of related diseases. Overall, this article serves as a valuable resource for researchers and clinicians working in this field. These findings not only provide significant new information on the effects and mechanisms of shikonin but also establish a foundation for the development of clinical applications in treating autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimeng Guo
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155N Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, China; National joint Engineering Research Center for Theranostics of Immunological Skin Diseases, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Education and NHC, Shenyang, China
| | - Mingming Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155N Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, China; National joint Engineering Research Center for Theranostics of Immunological Skin Diseases, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Education and NHC, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhenzhen Mu
- Department of Dermatology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 155N Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, China
| | - Jinrong Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Jincheng People's Hospital, 456N Wenchang East Street, Jincheng, Shanxi 048000, China
| | - Yuzhu Hou
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155N Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, China; National joint Engineering Research Center for Theranostics of Immunological Skin Diseases, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Education and NHC, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155N Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, China; National joint Engineering Research Center for Theranostics of Immunological Skin Diseases, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Education and NHC, Shenyang, China
| | - Long Geng
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155N Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, China; National joint Engineering Research Center for Theranostics of Immunological Skin Diseases, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Education and NHC, Shenyang, China.
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5
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Sadeghi Shaker M, Rokni M, Mahmoudi M, Farhadi E. Ras family signaling pathway in immunopathogenesis of inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1151246. [PMID: 37256120 PMCID: PMC10225558 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1151246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The Ras (rat sarcoma virus) is a GTP-binding protein that is considered one of the important members of the Ras-GTPase superfamily. The Ras involves several pathways in the cell that include proliferation, migration, survival, differentiation, and fibrosis. Abnormalities in the expression level and activation of the Ras family signaling pathway and its downstream kinases such as Raf/MEK/ERK1-2 contribute to the pathogenic mechanisms of rheumatic diseases including immune system dysregulation, inflammation, and fibrosis in systemic sclerosis (SSc); destruction and inflammation of synovial tissue in rheumatoid arthritis (RA); and autoantibody production and immune complexes formation in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE); and enhance osteoblast differentiation and ossification during skeletal formation in ankylosing spondylitis (AS). In this review, the basic biology, signaling of Ras, and abnormalities in this pathway in rheumatic diseases including SSc, RA, AS, and SLE will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Sadeghi Shaker
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rokni
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Mahmoudi
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Inflammation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Farhadi
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Inflammation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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6
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Immunity orchestrates a bridge in gut-brain axis of neurodegenerative diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 85:101857. [PMID: 36669690 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, in particular for Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and Multiple sclerosis (MS), are a category of diseases with progressive loss of neuronal structure or function (encompassing neuronal death) leading to neuronal dysfunction, whereas the underlying pathogenesis remains to be clarified. As the microbiological ecosystem of the intestinal microbiome serves as the second genome of the human body, it is strongly implicated as an essential element in the initiation and/or progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Nevertheless, the precise underlying principles of how the intestinal microflora impact on neurodegenerative diseases via gut-brain axis by modulating the immune function are still poorly characterized. Consequently, an overview of initiating the development of neurodegenerative diseases and the contribution of intestinal microflora on immune function is discussed in this review.
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7
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Charabati M, Wheeler MA, Weiner HL, Quintana FJ. Multiple sclerosis: Neuroimmune crosstalk and therapeutic targeting. Cell 2023; 186:1309-1327. [PMID: 37001498 PMCID: PMC10119687 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory and degenerative disease of the central nervous system afflicting nearly three million individuals worldwide. Neuroimmune interactions between glial, neural, and immune cells play important roles in MS pathology and offer potential targets for therapeutic intervention. Here, we review underlying risk factors, mechanisms of MS pathogenesis, available disease modifying therapies, and examine the value of emerging technologies, which may address unmet clinical needs and identify novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Charabati
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael A Wheeler
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Howard L Weiner
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Francisco J Quintana
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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8
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Ruedas-Torres I, Sánchez-Carvajal JM, Carrasco L, Pallarés FJ, Larenas-Muñoz F, Rodríguez-Gómez IM, Gómez-Laguna J. PRRSV-1 induced lung lesion is associated with an imbalance between costimulatory and coinhibitory immune checkpoints. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1007523. [PMID: 36713151 PMCID: PMC9878400 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1007523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) induces a dysregulation on the innate and adaptive immune responses. T-cell activation requires a proper interaction and precise balance between costimulatory and coinhibitory molecules, commonly known as immune checkpoints. This study aims to evaluate the expression of immune checkpoints in lung and tracheobronchial lymph node from piglets infected with two PRRSV-1 strains of different virulence during the early stage of infection. Seventy 4-week-old piglets were grouped into three experimental groups: (i) control, (ii) 3249-infected group (low virulent strain), and (iii) Lena-infected group (virulent strain) and were euthanized at 1, 3, 6, 8, and 13 days post-infection (dpi). Lung and tracheobronchial lymph node were collected to evaluate histopathological findings, PRRSV viral load and mRNA expression of costimulatory (CD28, CD226, TNFRSF9, SELL, ICOS, and CD40) and coinhibitory (CTLA4, TIGIT, PD1/PDL1, TIM3, LAG3, and IDO1) molecules through RT-qPCR. Our findings highlight a mild increase of costimulatory molecules together with an earlier and stronger up-regulation of coinhibitory molecules in both organs from PRRSV-1-infected animals, especially in the lung from virulent Lena-infected animals. The simultaneous expression of coinhibitory immune checkpoints could work in synergy to control and limit the inflammation-induced tissue damage. Further studies should be addressed to determine the role of these molecules in later stages of PRRSV infection.
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9
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Um-Bergström P, Pourbazargan M, Brundin B, Ström M, Ezerskyte M, Gao J, Berggren Broström E, Melén E, Wheelock ÅM, Lindén A, Sköld CM. Increased cytotoxic T-cells in the airways of adults with former bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Eur Respir J 2022; 60:13993003.02531-2021. [PMID: 35210327 PMCID: PMC9520031 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02531-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Rationale Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm-born infants is a risk factor for chronic airway obstruction in adulthood. Cytotoxic T-cells are implicated in COPD, but their involvement in BPD is not known. Objectives To characterise the distribution of airway T-cell subsets in adults with a history of BPD. Methods Young adults with former BPD (n=22; median age 19.6 years), age-matched adults born preterm (n=22), patients with allergic asthma born at term (n=22) and healthy control subjects born at term (n=24) underwent bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). T-cell subsets in BAL were analysed using flow cytometry. Results The total number of cells and the differential cell counts in BAL were similar among the study groups. The percentage of CD3+CD8+ T-cells was higher (p=0.005) and the proportion of CD3+CD4+ T-cells was reduced (p=0.01) in the BPD group, resulting in a lower CD4/CD8 ratio (p=0.007) compared to the healthy controls (median 2.2 versus 5.3). In BPD and preterm-born study subjects, both CD3+CD4+ T-cells (rs=0.38, p=0.03) and CD4/CD8 ratio (rs=0.44, p=0.01) correlated positively with forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1). Furthermore, CD3+CD8+ T-cells were negatively correlated with both FEV1 and FEV1/forced vital capacity (rs= −0.44, p=0.09 and rs= −0.41, p=0.01, respectively). Conclusions Young adults with former BPD have a T-cell subset pattern in the airways resembling features of COPD. Our findings are compatible with the hypothesis that CD3+CD8+ T-cells are involved in mechanisms behind chronic airway obstruction in these patients. Young adults with former BPD display more cytotoxic T-cells in the airways than healthy subjects. These T-cells correlate with FEV1. Thus, cytotoxic T-cells may contribute to the pathology behind chronic airway obstruction in adults with former BPD.https://bit.ly/3soI4lK
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Um-Bergström
- Sachs' Children and Youth Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden petra.um.bergstrom@ki.,Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Medicine Solna and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Melvin Pourbazargan
- Department of Medicine Solna and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Emergency and Reparative Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bettina Brundin
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marika Ström
- Department of Medicine Solna and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Monika Ezerskyte
- Department of Medicine Solna and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Medicine Solna and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Berggren Broström
- Sachs' Children and Youth Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Melén
- Sachs' Children and Youth Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Åsa M Wheelock
- Department of Medicine Solna and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Lindén
- Department of Medicine Solna and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C Magnus Sköld
- Department of Medicine Solna and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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10
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Leveraging biomaterials for enhancing T cell immunotherapy. J Control Release 2022; 344:272-288. [PMID: 35217099 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The dynamic roles of T cells in the immune system to recognize and destroy the infected or mutated cells render T cell therapy a prospective treatment for a variety of diseases including cancer, autoimmune diseases, and allograft rejection. However, the clinical applications of T cell therapy remain unsatisfactory due to the tedious manufacturing process, off-target cytotoxicity, poor cell persistence, and associated adverse effects. To this end, various biomaterials have been introduced to enhance T cell therapy by facilitating proliferation, enhancing local enrichment, prolonging retention, and alleviating side effects. This review highlights the design strategies of biomaterials developed for T cell expansion, enrichment, and delivery as well as their corresponding therapeutic effects. The prospects of biomaterials for enhancing T cell immunotherapy are also discussed in this review.
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11
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Metabolomics in Autoimmune Diseases: Focus on Rheumatoid Arthritis, Systemic Lupus Erythematous, and Multiple Sclerosis. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11120812. [PMID: 34940570 PMCID: PMC8708401 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11120812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolomics approach represents the last downstream phenotype and is widely used in clinical studies and drug discovery. In this paper, we outline recent advances in the metabolomics research of autoimmune diseases (ADs) such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), multiple sclerosis (MuS), and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The newly discovered biomarkers and the metabolic mechanism studies for these ADs are described here. In addition, studies elucidating the metabolic mechanisms underlying these ADs are presented. Metabolomics has the potential to contribute to pharmacotherapy personalization; thus, we summarize the biomarker studies performed to predict the personalization of medicine and drug response.
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12
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Torabijahromi M, Roozbeh J, Raeesjalali G, Shafiee M, Rasaei N, Heidari M, Karimi MH. Comparison of FOXP3 and Interleukin 35 Expression Profiles in Kidney Transplant Recipients With Excellent Long-Term Graft Function and Acute Rejection. EXP CLIN TRANSPLANT 2021; 19:1142-1148. [PMID: 34812705 DOI: 10.6002/ect.2021.0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Transplant tolerance is defined as graft acceptance without long-term use of immunosuppressive agents. Regulatory T cells are involved in the maintenance of peripheral self-tolerance by actively suppressing the activation and expansion of autoreactive T cells. In the present study, we compared the expression profiles of forkhead box protein P3 (FOXP3) and interleukin 35 in kidney transplant recipients who had excellent long-term graft function under immunosuppression versus recipients who had acute rejection. MATERIALS AND METHODS The 40 kidney transplant recipients included in this study were divided into 2 groups: 27 recipients with excellent long-term graft function and 13 recipients with acute rejection. After collection of whole peripheral blood, peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from the blood samples. After RNAextraction and cDNAsynthesis from each collected sample, expression levels of interleukin 35 and FOXP3 were determined using in-house SYBER green-based real-time polymerase chain reaction. We used t tests to analyze data. RESULTS Mean ages of recipients with excellent longterm graft function and recipients with acute rejection were 42.1 and 45.5 years, respectively. We found that FOXP3 and interleukin 35 expression levels were significantly increased in recipients with excellentlongterm graftfunction comparedwith recipientswith acute rejection. FOXP3 expression levels were significantly higher in those with excellent long-term graft function with graft survivalrate of <10 years,whereas interleukin 35 expression levels were significantly higher in patients with graft survival rate >10 years (P < .05). Expression levels of FOXP3 and interleukin 35 were greater in those from 35 to 50 years old versus with those in the other age ranges. CONCLUSIONS Expression patterns of FOXP3 and interleukin 35 may have the potential to be used as prognostic biomarkers for kidney transplant outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Torabijahromi
- From the Shiraz Nephro-Urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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13
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Ma Y, Yan G, Guo J, Li F, Zheng H, Wang C, Chen Y, Ye Y, Dai H, Qi Z, Zhuang G. Berberine Prolongs Mouse Heart Allograft Survival by Activating T Cell Apoptosis via the Mitochondrial Pathway. Front Immunol 2021; 12:616074. [PMID: 33732240 PMCID: PMC7959711 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.616074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Berberine, which is a traditional Chinese medicine can inhibit tumorigenesis by inducing tumor cell apoptosis. However, the immunoregulatory of effects berberine on T cells remains poorly understood. Here, we first examined whether berberine can prolong allograft survival by regulating the recruitment and function of T cells. Using a major histocompatibility complex complete mismatch mouse heterotopic cardiac transplantation model, we found that the administration of moderate doses (5 mg/kg) of berberine significantly prolonged heart allograft survival to 19 days and elicited no obvious berberine-related toxicity. Compared to that with normal saline treatment, berberine treatment decreased alloreactive T cells in recipient splenocytes and lymph node cells. It also inhibited the activation, proliferation, and function of alloreactive T cells. Most importantly, berberine treatment protected myocardial cells by decreasing CD4+ and CD8+ T cell infiltration and by inhibiting T cell function in allografts. In vivo and in vitro assays revealed that berberine treatment eliminated alloreactive T lymphocytes via the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway, which was validated by transcriptome sequencing. Taken together, we demonstrated that berberine prolongs allograft survival by inducing apoptosis of alloreactive T cells. Thus, our study provides more evidence supporting the potential use of berberine in translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhan Ma
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, School of Medicine, Organ Transplantation Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Guoliang Yan
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Junjun Guo
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Fujun Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Haiping Zheng
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chenxi Wang
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yingyu Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, School of Medicine, Organ Transplantation Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuhan Ye
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Helong Dai
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Center of Organ Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Clinical Research Center for Organ Transplantation in Hunan Province, Changsha, China.,Clinical Immunology Center, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhongquan Qi
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Guohong Zhuang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, School of Medicine, Organ Transplantation Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Evolution of male pregnancy associated with remodeling of canonical vertebrate immunity in seahorses and pipefishes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:9431-9439. [PMID: 32284407 PMCID: PMC7196912 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1916251117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Among vertebrates, pregnancy has evolved more than 150 times independently. A fundamental problem for pregnancy to evolve is inadvertent rejection of the embryo when being recognized as foreign tissue by the vertebrate’s adaptive immune system. We show that the unique evolution of male pregnancy in pipefishes and seahorses coincided with a genomic modification of one arm of the adaptive immune system. Our findings indicate a trade-off between immunological tolerance and embryo rejection to accompanying the emergence of male pregnancy. That syngnathids survive in an ocean of microbes despite their drastically modified immune defense suggests an unexpected immunological flexibility. Our results may improve the understanding of immune-deficiency diseases and call for a reassessment of vertebrate immunity. A fundamental problem for the evolution of pregnancy, the most specialized form of parental investment among vertebrates, is the rejection of the nonself-embryo. Mammals achieve immunological tolerance by down-regulating both major histocompatibility complex pathways (MHC I and II). Although pregnancy has evolved multiple times independently among vertebrates, knowledge of associated immune system adjustments is restricted to mammals. All of them (except monotremata) display full internal pregnancy, making evolutionary reconstructions within the class mammalia meaningless. Here, we study the seahorse and pipefish family (syngnathids) that have evolved male pregnancy across a gradient from external oviparity to internal gestation. We assess how immunological tolerance is achieved by reconstruction of the immune gene repertoire in a comprehensive sample of 12 seahorse and pipefish genomes along the “male pregnancy” gradient together with expression patterns of key immune and pregnancy genes in reproductive tissues. We found that the evolution of pregnancy coincided with a modification of the adaptive immune system. Divergent genomic rearrangements of the MHC II pathway among fully pregnant species were identified in both genera of the syngnathids: The pipefishes (Syngnathus) displayed loss of several genes of the MHC II pathway while seahorses (Hippocampus) featured a highly divergent invariant chain (CD74). Our findings suggest that a trade-off between immunological tolerance and embryo rejection accompanied the evolution of unique male pregnancy. That pipefishes survive in an ocean of microbes without one arm of the adaptive immune defense suggests a high degree of immunological flexibility among vertebrates, which may advance our understanding of immune-deficiency diseases.
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15
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Zhang F, Liu S. Mechanistic insights of adipocyte metabolism in regulating breast cancer progression. Pharmacol Res 2020; 155:104741. [PMID: 32151679 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adipocyte account for the largest component in breast tissue. Dysfunctional adipocyte metabolism, such as metaflammation in metabolically abnormal obese patients, will cause hyperplasia and hypertrophy of its constituent adipocytes. Inflamed adipose tissue is one of the biggest risk factors causing breast cancer. Factors linking adipocyte metabolism to breast cancer include dysfunctional secretion of proinflammatory mediators, proangiogenic factors and estrogens. The accumulation of tumor supporting cells and systemic effects, such as insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and oxidative stress, which are caused by abnormal adipocyte metabolism, further contribute to a more aggressive tumor microenvironment and stimulate breast cancer stem cell to influence the development and progression of breast cancer. Here, in this review, we focus on the adipocyte metabolism in regulating breast cancer progression, and discuss the potential targets which can be used for breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuchuang Zhang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Cancer Institutes, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Suling Liu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Cancer Institutes, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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16
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Liu X, Hu R, Pei L, Si P, Wang C, Tian X, Wang X, Liu H, Wang B, Xia Z, Xu Y, Song B. Regulatory T cell is critical for interleukin-33-mediated neuroprotection against stroke. Exp Neurol 2020; 328:113233. [PMID: 32044328 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is known to activate the regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs), which are negatively correlated with brain damage after ischemic stroke. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of Tregs in IL-33-mediated neuroprotection and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. In vivo, male C57BL/6 N mice were subjected to 60 min of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO), followed by daily administration of vehicle or IL-33 immediately after injury. Tregs were depleted by intraperitoneal administration of anti-CD25 antibody (anti-CD25Ab). Behavioral changes, brain edema, neuronal injury, Treg percentages, and cytokine expression levels were investigated in each group. In vitro experiments, primary mouse neuronal cells were subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) for 3 h. Vehicle- or drug-conditioned Tregs were applied to the neurons at the time of induction of hypoxia. Neuronal apoptosis and cytokine expression were measured in each group. The results indicate that intraperitoneal administration of anti-CD25Ab reduced CD4 + CD25 + Foxp3+ Tregs, increased infarct volume, enhanced stroke-induced cell death, and decreased sensorimotor functions. Notably, IL-33 increased CD4 + CD25 + Foxp3+ Tregs in the spleen and brain. However, blockading ST2 attenuated these effects of IL-33. The supernatant of the IL-33-treated Treg culture reduced neuronal apoptosis and elevated the production of the Treg cytokines IL-10, IL-35, and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). Anti-CD25Ab abrogated the neuroprotective effect of IL-33. Mechanistically, the neuroprotective effects of IL-33 were associated with reduction in apoptosis-related proteins and production of Tregs related cytokines. Overall, these findings showed that IL-33 afforded neuroprotection against ischemic brain injury by enhancing ST2-dependent regulatory T-cell expansion and activation via a mechanism involving anti-apoptosis proteins and cytokines, representing a promising immune modulatory target for the treatment of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjing Liu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Eastern Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China; The Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, Zhengzhou University, No.1 Eastern Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Ruiyao Hu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Eastern Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China; The Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, Zhengzhou University, No.1 Eastern Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Lulu Pei
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Eastern Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China; The Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, Zhengzhou University, No.1 Eastern Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Pan Si
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Eastern Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China; The Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, Zhengzhou University, No.1 Eastern Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Chunhui Wang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Eastern Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China; The Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, Zhengzhou University, No.1 Eastern Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Xuan Tian
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Eastern Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China; The Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, Zhengzhou University, No.1 Eastern Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Eastern Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China; The Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, Zhengzhou University, No.1 Eastern Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Han Liu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Eastern Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China; The Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, Zhengzhou University, No.1 Eastern Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Beng Wang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Eastern Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China; The Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, Zhengzhou University, No.1 Eastern Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Zongping Xia
- The Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, Zhengzhou University, No.1 Eastern Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China; Zhengzhou University, No.1 Eastern Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yuming Xu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Eastern Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China; The Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, Zhengzhou University, No.1 Eastern Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China.
| | - Bo Song
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Eastern Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China; The Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, Zhengzhou University, No.1 Eastern Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China.
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Rivillas-Reyes JF, Hernández-Durán EF, Morales-Manrique JL, Rivillas MP, Lozano-Marquez E, Lozano-Marquez H. Inducción de tolerancia por vía oral en trasplante de órganos y tejidos. Revisión de la Literatura. REVISTA DE LA FACULTAD DE MEDICINA 2020. [DOI: 10.15446/revfacmed.v68n1.72108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introducción. La tolerancia oral es la supresión de la respuesta inmune a antígenos administrados con anterioridad por vía oral; su inducción tiene el propósito de evitar el uso de fármacos inmunosupresores, los cuales, dado que son poco específicos a antígenos, vuelven al huésped más susceptible de contraer infecciones y desarrollar neoplasias.Objetivos. Realizar una revisión de la literatura sobre los referentes teóricos más relevantes de la inducción de a tolerancia oral en lo que respecta al trasplante de órganos y tejidos para demostrar que el uso de esta alternativa terapéutica es viable en pacientes trasplantados.Materiales y métodos. Se realizó una revisión de la literatura en PubMed, MEDLINE, LILACS y Embase mediante la siguiente estrategia de búsqueda: periodo de publicación: sin límites; idiomas: Inglés y Español; tipo de artículos: estudios caso-control, revisiones sistemáticas y de la literatura; términos de búsqueda: “T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory”, “Autoimmunity”, Immunosuppression”, “Immune system” and “Immune Tolerance”, y sus equivalentes en español.Resultados. La búsqueda inicial arrojó 719 registros, sin embargo solo 99 abordaban la inducción de la tolerancia oral. Una vez los registros duplicados y los artículos sin acceso a texto completo fueron removidos, se incluyeron 72 estudios en la revisión.Conclusiones. La administración oral de antígenos es una opción efectiva para inducir tolerancia inmunológica en pacientes trasplantados (modelos murinos), pues elimina los efectos adversos que conlleva la terapia inmunosupresora actualmente utilizada.
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18
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Ye S, Liu H, Chen Y, Qiu F, Liang CL, Zhang Q, Huang H, Wang S, Zhang ZD, Lu W, Dai Z. A Novel Immunosuppressant, Luteolin, Modulates Alloimmunity and Suppresses Murine Allograft Rejection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:3436-3446. [PMID: 31732527 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
An allograft is rejected in the absence of any immunosuppressive treatment because of vigorous alloimmunity and thus requires extensive immunosuppression for its survival. Although there are many conventional immunosuppressants for clinical use, it is necessary to seek alternatives to existing drugs, especially in case of transplant patients with complicated conditions. Luteolin, a natural ingredient, exists in many plants. It exhibits multiple biological and pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory properties. In particular, luteolin has been shown to upregulate CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the context of airway inflammation. However, it remains unknown whether luteolin regulates alloimmune responses. In this study, we demonstrated that luteolin significantly prolonged murine skin allograft survival, ameliorated cellular infiltration, and downregulated proinflammatory cytokine gene expression in skin allografts. Furthermore, luteolin increased the percentage of CD4+Foxp3+ Tregs while reducing frequency of mature dendritic cells and CD44highCD62Llow effector CD4+/CD8+ T cells posttransplantation. It also suppressed the proliferation of T cells and their production of cytokines IFN-γ and IL-17A in vitro while increasing IL-10 level in the supernatant. Moreover, luteolin promoted CD4+Foxp3+ Treg generation from CD4+CD25- T cells in vitro. Depleting Tregs largely, although not totally, reversed luteolin-mediated extension of allograft survival. More importantly, luteolin inhibited AKT/mTOR signaling in T cells. Thus, for the first time, to our knowledge, we found that luteolin is an emerging immunosuppressant as an mTOR inhibitor in allotransplantation. This finding could be important for the suppression of human allograft rejection, although it remains to be determined whether luteolin has an advantage over other conventional immunosuppressants in suppression of allograft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Ye
- Section of Immunology and Joint Immunology Program, Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Huazhen Liu
- Section of Immunology and Joint Immunology Program, Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Yuchao Chen
- Section of Immunology and Joint Immunology Program, Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Feifei Qiu
- Section of Immunology and Joint Immunology Program, Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Chun-Ling Liang
- Section of Immunology and Joint Immunology Program, Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Qunfang Zhang
- Section of Immunology and Joint Immunology Program, Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Haiding Huang
- Section of Immunology and Joint Immunology Program, Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Sumei Wang
- Section of Immunology and Joint Immunology Program, Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Zhong-De Zhang
- Section of Immunology and Joint Immunology Program, Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Weihui Lu
- Section of Immunology and Joint Immunology Program, Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Zhenhua Dai
- Section of Immunology and Joint Immunology Program, Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
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Colamatteo A, Micillo T, Bruzzaniti S, Fusco C, Garavelli S, De Rosa V, Galgani M, Spagnuolo MI, Di Rella F, Puca AA, de Candia P, Matarese G. Metabolism and Autoimmune Responses: The microRNA Connection. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1969. [PMID: 31555261 PMCID: PMC6722206 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Distinct metabolic pathways are known to regulate growth, differentiation, survival, and activation of immune cells by providing energy and specific biosynthetic precursors. Compelling experimental evidence demonstrates that effector T cell functions are coupled with profound changes in cellular metabolism. Importantly, the effector T cell-dependent “anti-self” response characterizing the autoimmune diseases is accompanied by significant metabolic alterations. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), evolutionary conserved small non-coding RNA molecules that affect gene expression by binding to target messenger RNAs, are now known to regulate multiple functions of effector T cells, including the strength of their activation, thus contributing to immune homeostasis. In this review, we will examine the most recent studies that describe miRNA direct involvement in the metabolic reprogramming that marks effector T cell functions. In particular, we will focus on the work showing a connection between miRNA regulatory function and the molecular network dysregulation that leads to metabolic pathway derangement in autoimmunity. Finally, we will also speculate on the possibility that the interplay between miRNAs and metabolism in T cells may help identify novel miRNA-based therapeutic strategies to treat effector T cell immunometabolic alterations in pathological conditions such as autoimmunity and chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Colamatteo
- Treg Cell Lab, Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federi II", Naples, Italy
| | - Teresa Micillo
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Sara Bruzzaniti
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Clorinda Fusco
- Treg Cell Lab, Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federi II", Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Garavelli
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Veronica De Rosa
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Naples, Italy.,Fondazione Santa Lucia, Unità di Neuroimmunologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Galgani
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Immacolata Spagnuolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Di Rella
- Dipartimento di Senologia, Oncologia Medica, IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Annibale A Puca
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Paola de Candia
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Matarese
- Treg Cell Lab, Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federi II", Naples, Italy.,Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Naples, Italy
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20
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Khosravi M, Majdinasab N, Amari A, Ghadiri AA. Increased frequency of CD4 +CD25 high CD127 low/ - regulatory T cells in patients with multiple sclerosis. GENE REPORTS 2019; 17:100456. [PMID: 32337385 PMCID: PMC7172308 DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2019.100456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Multiple sclerosis (MS), one of the most common diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), is characterized by demyelination and chronic inflammation of the CNS. Failure of immune tolerance and induced autoimmune processes are involved in MS immunopathogenesis. Regulatory T (Treg) cells play an important role in maintaining peripheral tolerance and immune homeostasis. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of CD4+CD25highCD127low/−Treg cells in MS patients. Methods The study population was composed of 25 healthy controls (HCs), 35 patients with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and 25 patients with progressive multiple sclerosis (PMS). Frequency of CD4+CD25highCD127low/− Treg cells in RRMS and PMS patients was compared with HC by flow cytometry. Results Treg cells frequency in PMS patients was significantly higher compared to RRMS patients (P < 0.001) and HCs (P < 0.001). It was lower in RRMS patients than HCs (P = 0.005). A Significant direct correlation between Treg cells frequency and expanded disability status scale (EDSS) in PMS patients (P = 0.001, r = 0.6) was observed. Reverse correlation between Treg cells frequency and EDSS in RRMS patients was found (P = 0.01, r = −0.4). Conclusion More detailed clarification of the role of Treg cells in MS patients could provide a basis for development of Treg cells-mediated therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Khosravi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Nastaran Majdinasab
- Department of Neurology of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Center, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Afshin Amari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ata A. Ghadiri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Corresponding author: Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran and Department of Immunology, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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21
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Li Z, Nie L, Chen L, Sun Y, Li G. Rapamycin relieves inflammation of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by altering the balance of Treg/Th17 in a mouse model. Neurosci Lett 2019; 705:39-45. [PMID: 31004709 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This study was to observed the different doses of rapamycin on the treatment of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in C57BL/6 mice. 63 female C57BL/6 mice (6-8 weeks) was chosen and randomly divided into three groups: control, low-dose rapamycin-treated EAE mice (0.3 mg/kg), and high-dose rapamycin-treated EAE mice (1 mg/kg). The EAE mice recovery of neurological function in different concentrations of rapamycin were assessed by neurological function score; The assessment of neurological function was divided into three periods: initial stage (10-13d), peak phase (17-21d), remission phase (25-28d), and calculated the score for each period. The inflammatory cell infiltration of mice was assessed by IL-17 A immunohistochemical staining which produced by Th17 cell and positive cell count. The autoimmune recovery of EAE mice was evaluated by flow cytometry on the expression of CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ T cells. The transcription factors of Foxp3+ and RORC (RAR-related orphan receptor C) mRNA expression were evaluated by qRT-PCR in Treg cells and Th17 cells. In the neurological function score, the high-dose group was significantly lower than the other two groups in the peak drug phase and the remission phase (P < 0.05), while there was no significant difference in the initial stage (P > 0.05). The percentage of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+T cells, the number of Th17 cells, and the expression of Foxp3 and RORC mRNA level in the high-dose rapamycin group were greater than those in the vehicle-treated group and the low-dose rapamycin group. High doses of rapamycin (1 mg/kg) have a better relieves inflammation of EAE by altering the balance of Treg/Th17 in a mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfei Li
- Department of Neurology, the second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, ShiJiaZhuang, Hebei, 050000, China
| | - Lingling Nie
- Shijiazhuang circular Chemical Industry Park Hospital, ShiJiaZhuang, Hebei, 050000, China
| | - Liping Chen
- Department of Neurology, the second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, ShiJiaZhuang, Hebei, 050000, China.
| | - Yafei Sun
- Department of Neurology, the second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, ShiJiaZhuang, Hebei, 050000, China
| | - Guo Li
- Department of Neurology, the second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, ShiJiaZhuang, Hebei, 050000, China
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Zeng Q, Qiu F, Chen Y, Liu C, Liu H, Liang CL, Zhang Q, Dai Z. Shikonin Prolongs Allograft Survival via Induction of CD4 +FoxP3 + Regulatory T Cells. Front Immunol 2019; 10:652. [PMID: 30988670 PMCID: PMC6451963 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A transplanted organ is usually rejected without any major immunosuppressive treatment because of vigorous alloimmune responsiveness. However, continuous global immunosuppression may cause severe side effects, including nephrotoxicity, tumors, and infections. Therefore, it is necessary to seek novel immunosuppressive agents, especially natural ingredients that may provide sufficient efficacy in immunosuppression with minimal side effects. Shikonin is a bioactive naphthoquinone pigment, an ingredient originally extracted from the root of Lithospermum erythrorhizon. Previous studies have shown that shikonin regulates immunity and exerts anti-inflammatory effects. In particular, it can ameliorate arthritis in animal models. However, it is unclear whether shikonin inhibits alloimmunity or allograft rejection. In this study and for the first time, we demonstrated that shikonin significantly prolonged the survival of skin allografts in wild-type mice. Shikonin increased the frequencies of CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) post-transplantation and induced CD4+Foxp3+ Tregs in vitro as well. Importantly, depleting the Tregs abrogated the extension of skin allograft survival induced by shikonin. It also decreased the frequencies of CD8+CD44highCD62Llow effector T cells and CD11c+CD80+/CD11c+CD86+ mature DCs after transplantation. Moreover, we found that shikonin inhibited the proliferation of T cells in vitro and suppressed their mTOR signaling. It also reduced the gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IFNγ, IL-6, TNFα, and IL-17A, while increasing the gene expression of anti-inflammatory mediators IL-10, TGF-β1, and indoleamine-2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) in skin allografts. Further, shikonin downregulated IDO protein expression in skin allografts and DCs in vitro. Taken together, shikonin inhibits allograft rejection via upregulating CD4+Foxp3+ Tregs. Thus, shikonin is a novel immunosuppressant that could be potentially used in clinical transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaohuang Zeng
- Section of Immunology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, and Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feifei Qiu
- Section of Immunology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, and Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuchao Chen
- Section of Immunology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, and Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cuihua Liu
- Section of Immunology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, and Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huazhen Liu
- Section of Immunology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, and Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun-Ling Liang
- Section of Immunology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, and Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qunfang Zhang
- Section of Immunology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, and Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenhua Dai
- Section of Immunology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, and Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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23
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Morris G, Maes M, Berk M, Puri BK. Myalgic encephalomyelitis or chronic fatigue syndrome: how could the illness develop? Metab Brain Dis 2019; 34:385-415. [PMID: 30758706 PMCID: PMC6428797 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-019-0388-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A model of the development and progression of chronic fatigue syndrome (myalgic encephalomyelitis), the aetiology of which is currently unknown, is put forward, starting with a consideration of the post-infection role of damage-associated molecular patterns and the development of chronic inflammatory, oxidative and nitrosative stress in genetically predisposed individuals. The consequences are detailed, including the role of increased intestinal permeability and the translocation of commensal antigens into the circulation, and the development of dysautonomia, neuroinflammation, and neurocognitive and neuroimaging abnormalities. Increasing levels of such stress and the switch to immune and metabolic downregulation are detailed next in relation to the advent of hypernitrosylation, impaired mitochondrial performance, immune suppression, cellular hibernation, endotoxin tolerance and sirtuin 1 activation. The role of chronic stress and the development of endotoxin tolerance via indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase upregulation and the characteristics of neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages and T cells, including regulatory T cells, in endotoxin tolerance are detailed next. Finally, it is shown how the immune and metabolic abnormalities of chronic fatigue syndrome can be explained by endotoxin tolerance, thus completing the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerwyn Morris
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Maes
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Michael Berk
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Basant K Puri
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, England, W12 0HS, UK.
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24
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Guram K, Kim SS, Wu V, Sanders PD, Patel S, Schoenberger SP, Cohen EEW, Chen SY, Sharabi AB. A Threshold Model for T-Cell Activation in the Era of Checkpoint Blockade Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2019; 10:491. [PMID: 30936880 PMCID: PMC6431643 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Continued discoveries of negative regulators of inflammatory signaling provide detailed molecular insights into peripheral tolerance and anti-tumor immunity. Accumulating evidence indicates that peripheral tolerance is maintained at multiple levels of immune responses by negative regulators of proinflammatory signaling, soluble anti-inflammatory factors, inhibitory surface receptors & ligands, and regulatory cell subsets. This review provides a global overview of these regulatory machineries that work in concert to maintain peripheral tolerance at cellular and host levels, focusing on the direct and indirect regulation of T cells. The recent success of checkpoint blockade immunotherapy (CBI) has initiated a dramatic shift in the paradigm of cancer treatment. Unprecedented responses to CBI have highlighted the central role of T cells in both anti-tumor immunity and peripheral tolerance and underscored the importance of T cell exhaustion in cancer. We discuss the therapeutic implications of modulating the negative regulators of T cell function for tumor immunotherapy with an emphasis on inhibitory surface receptors & ligands—central players in T cell exhaustion and targets of checkpoint blockade immunotherapies. We then introduce a Threshold Model for Immune Activation—the concept that these regulatory mechanisms contribute to defining a set threshold of immunogenic (proinflammatory) signaling required to elicit an anti-tumor or autoimmune response. We demonstrate the value of the Threshold Model in understanding clinical responses and immune related adverse events in the context of peripheral tolerance, tumor immunity, and the era of Checkpoint Blockade Immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kripa Guram
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, San Diego Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Sangwoo S Kim
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, San Diego Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Victoria Wu
- Moores Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - P Dominick Sanders
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, San Diego Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Sandip Patel
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, San Diego Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Stephen P Schoenberger
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, San Diego Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States.,Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Ezra E W Cohen
- Moores Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Si-Yi Chen
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Andrew B Sharabi
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, San Diego Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States.,Moores Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
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25
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Huang SC, Wei PC, Hwang-Verslues WW, Kuo WH, Jeng YM, Hu CM, Shew JY, Huang CS, Chang KJ, Lee EYH, Lee WH. TGF-β1 secreted by Tregs in lymph nodes promotes breast cancer malignancy via up-regulation of IL-17RB. EMBO Mol Med 2018; 9:1660-1680. [PMID: 28993429 PMCID: PMC5709760 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201606914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymph node (LN) metastasis is commonly associated with systemic distant organ metastasis in human breast cancer and is an important prognostic predictor for survival of breast cancer patients. However, whether tumor‐draining LNs (TDLNs) play a significant role in modulating the malignancy of cancer cells for distant metastasis remains controversial. Using a syngeneic mouse mammary tumor model, we found that breast tumor cells derived from TDLN have higher malignancy and removal of TDLNs significantly reduced distant metastasis. Up‐regulation of oncogenic Il‐17rb in cancer cells derived from TDLNs contributes to their malignancy. TGF‐β1 secreted from regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the TDLNs mediated the up‐regulation of Il‐17rb through downstream Smad2/3/4 signaling. These phenotypes can be abolished by TGF‐β1 neutralization or depletion of Tregs. Consistently, clinical data showed that the up‐regulation of IL‐17RB in cancer cells from LN metastases correlated with the increased prevalence of Tregs as well as the aggressive growth of tumors in mouse xenograft assay. Together, these results indicate that Tregs in TDLNs play an important role in modulating the malignancy of breast cancer cells for distant metastasis. Blocking IL‐17RB expression could therefore be a potential approach to curb the process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pei-Chi Wei
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Wen-Hung Kuo
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Ming Jeng
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Mei Hu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Yuh Shew
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiun-Sheng Huang
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - King-Jen Chang
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Eva Y-Hp Lee
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Wen-Hwa Lee
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan .,Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Abstract
A key point for maintenance of the immune system homeostasis is the balance between the capacity to recognize and fight exogenous molecules and the capacity to avoid auto reactivity. The disruption of this balance induces the progression of several immune diseases such as autoimmune diseases, allergies, infections or cancer. A promising therapeutic approach to treat these diseases is immunotherapy. In cancer, both active and passive immunotherapies have been tested with promising results, such as the blocking of immunological checkpoints like CTLA-4 and PD-1. These treatments, in the market since a few years ago, aim to redirect the patient's immunological response by inhibiting the induction of regulatory T cells, both in the priming and effector phases. This strategy sheds light on the immunological mechanisms that control the regulatory response mediated by T cells and opens new lines of research into other immunological diseases such as allergy, in which the induction of a regulatory response is necessary to avoid allergic progression and which is the main objective of allergen-specific immunotherapies available today.
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27
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Yang X, Huo B, Zhong X, Su W, Liu W, Li Y, He Z, Bai J. Imbalance between Subpopulations of Regulatory T Cells in Patients with Acute Exacerbation of COPD. COPD 2017; 14:618-625. [PMID: 29166179 DOI: 10.1080/15412555.2017.1385055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Human regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been reported to be not significantly different in the peripheral blood of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and healthy controls. Recent research has identified some new markers for Tregs and indicated that Tregs are composed of distinct subpopulations. The aim of the study was to describe the changing patterns of circulating Treg subpopulations in patients with acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) and healthy controls, and to explore their potential roles in AECOPD pathogenesis. Blood samples were obtained from 30 never-smokers with normal lung function and 30 patients with COPD before and after they had an exacerbation. The proportions of Treg subpopulations were evaluated using flow cytometry. In the peripheral blood, decreased proportions of CD4+CD25+CD127low Tregs, CD4+CD25+CD45RA+ Tregs, and CD4+CD25+CD62L+ Tregs and an increased proportion of CD4+CD25+CD45RO+ Tregs were found in patients with stable COPD compared with non-smokers with normal lung function. The patients showed further changes in Treg subpopulations when they had an AECOPD, with an overall decrease in a suppressive subset, indicating that the immune negative regulatory population of Tregs did not play an effective role. Immune homeostasis favored inflammation, and a negative correlation between the circulating tumor necrosis factor-alpha and the proportions of CD4+CD25+CD62L+ cells (r = -0.698, p < 0.05) in patients with AECOPD was found. The imbalance between the suppressive subsets and the proinflammatory subset of Tregs and the decline of Treg subpopulations with immunosuppressive activity may play important roles in AECOPD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Yang
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University , Nanning , China
| | - Bo Huo
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University , Nanning , China
| | - Xiaoning Zhong
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University , Nanning , China
| | - Wenyan Su
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University , Nanning , China
| | - Wenting Liu
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University , Nanning , China
| | - Yumei Li
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University , Nanning , China
| | - Zhiyi He
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University , Nanning , China
| | - Jing Bai
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University , Nanning , China
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28
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Mahe E, Pugh T, Kamel-Reid S. T cell clonality assessment: past, present and future. J Clin Pathol 2017; 71:195-200. [PMID: 29055897 PMCID: PMC5868531 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2017-204761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
T cell clonality testing has important clinical and research value, providing a specific and reproducible assessment of clonal diversity in T cell proliferations. Here we review the conceptual foundations of T cell clonality assays, including T cell ontogeny and T cell receptor structure and function; we also provide an introduction to T cell receptor genomics and the concept of the T cell clonotype. This is followed by a review of historical and current methods by which T cell clonality may be assayed, including current assay limitations. Some of these assay limitations have been overcome by employing next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based technologies that are becoming a mainstay of modern molecular pathology. In this vein, we provide an introduction to NGS technologies, including a review of the preanalytical, analytical and postanalytical technologies relevant to T cell clonality NGS assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Mahe
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tevor Pugh
- Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Suzanne Kamel-Reid
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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29
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Broch K, Gude E, Andreassen AK, Gullestad L. Newer Immunosuppression and Strategies on the Horizon in Heart Transplantation. CURRENT TRANSPLANTATION REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40472-017-0159-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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30
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Rapamycin alleviates inflammation and muscle weakness, while altering the Treg/Th17 balance in a rat model of myasthenia gravis. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20170767. [PMID: 28655853 PMCID: PMC5518538 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20170767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease commonly treated with immunosuppressants. We evaluated the novel immunosuppressant, rapamycin (RAPA), in a rat model of experimental autoimmune MG (EAMG). Mortality rates in the RAPA (12%) were significantly down compared with the EAMG (88%) or cyclophosphamide (CTX) (68%) intervention groups. Muscular weakness decreased after both RAPA and CTX treatment. However, Lennon scores were lower (1.74 ± 0.49, 3.39 ± 0.21, and 3.81 ± 0.22 in RAPA, CTX, and EAMG groups, respectively), and body weights (203.12 ± 4.13 g, 179.23 ± 2.13 g, and 180.13 ± 5.13 g in RAPA, CTX, and EAMG groups, respectively) were significantly higher, only in the RAPA group. The proportion of regulatory T cells (Treg) significantly increased, while that of Th17 cells significantly decreased in the RAPA group compared with the EAMG group. In comparison, CTX intervention resulted in increased Th17 but significantly decreased Tregs. Hence, RAPA can be more effectively used in comparison with CTX to treat MG, with an efficacy higher than that of CTX. In addition, our results suggest RAPA’s efficacy in alleviating symptoms of MG stems from its ability to correct the Treg/Th17 imbalance observed in MG.
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31
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Hosseini M, Robat-Jazi B, Shaygannejad V, Naffisi S, Mirmossayeb O, Rezaei A, Mansourian M, Esmaeil N. Increased Proportion of Tc17 and Th17 Cells and Their Significant Reduction after Thymectomy May Be Related to Disease Progression in Myasthenia Gravis. Neuroimmunomodulation 2017; 24:264-270. [PMID: 29414833 DOI: 10.1159/000486037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease mediated by autoantibodies against the neuromuscular junction. The thymus has an important role in the pathogenesis of MG because most patients have thymic pathology, and thymectomy (TE) can reduce the severity of the disease. METHODS In this study, the frequency of Th17 and Tc17 cells was studied in 12 MG patients (pre-TE and 6 months post-TE) and in 12 healthy controls (HC). RESULTS The frequency of Tc17 cells in the pre-TE patients was significantly higher than in the HC (p < 0.05), and after TE, these cells had significantly decreased compared to before TE (p < 0.05). The frequency of Th17 cells in pre-TE patients was significantly higher than in the HC (p < 0.05), and after TE, these cells had significantly decreased compared to before TE (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our findings indicated a possible role of Tc17 and Th17 in MG pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Hosseini
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Dousdampanis P, Trigka K, Mouzaki A. Tregs and kidney: From diabetic nephropathy to renal transplantation. World J Transplant 2016; 6:556-63. [PMID: 27683634 PMCID: PMC5036125 DOI: 10.5500/wjt.v6.i3.556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney transplantation is recognised as the most effective treatment for patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Kidney transplantation continues to face several challenges including long-term graft and patient survival, and the side effects of immunosuppressive therapy. The tendency in kidney transplantation is to avoid the side effects of immunosuppresants and induce immune tolerance. Regulatory T-cells (Tregs) contribute to self-tolerance, tolerance to alloantigen and transplant tolerance, mainly by suppressing the activation and function of reactive effector T-cells. Additionally, Tregs are implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetes, which is the leading cause of ESRD, suggesting that these cells play a role both in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease and the induction of transplant tolerance. Several strategies to achieve immunological tolerance to grafts have been tested experimentally, and include combinations of co-stimulatory blockade pathways, T-cell depletion, in vivo Treg-induction and/or infusion of ex-vivo expanded Tregs. However, a successful regimen that induces transplant tolerance is not yet available for clinical application. This review brings together certain key studies on the role of Tregs in ESRD, diabetes and kidney transplantation, only to emphasize that many more studies are needed to elucidate the clinical significance and the therapeutic applications of Tregs.
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33
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Benjamin CL, Stowe RP, St. John L, Sams CF, Mehta SK, Crucian BE, Pierson DL, Komanduri KV. Decreases in thymopoiesis of astronauts returning from space flight. JCI Insight 2016; 1:e88787. [PMID: 27699228 PMCID: PMC5033888 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.88787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Following the advent of molecular assays that measure T cell receptor excision circles (TRECs) present in recent thymic emigrants, it has been conclusively shown that thymopoiesis persists in most adults, but that functional output decreases with age, influencing the maintenance of a diverse and functional T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire. Space flight has been shown to result in a variety of phenotypic and functional changes in human T cells and in the reactivation of latent viruses. While space flight has been shown to influence thymic architecture in rodents, thymopoiesis has not previously been assessed in astronauts. Here, we assessed thymopoiesis longitudinally over a 1-year period prior to and after long-term space flight (median duration, 184 days) in 16 astronauts. While preflight assessments of thymopoiesis remained quite stable in individual astronauts, we detected significant suppression of thymopoiesis in all subjects upon return from space flight. We also found significant increases in urine and plasma levels of endogenous glucocorticoids coincident with the suppression of thymopoiesis. The glucocorticoid induction and thymopoiesis suppression were transient, and they normalized shortly after return to Earth. This is the first report to our knowledge to prospectively demonstrate a significant change in thymopoiesis in healthy individuals in association with a defined physiologic emotional and physical stress event. These results suggest that suppression of thymopoiesis has the potential to influence the maintenance of the TCR repertoire during extended space travel. Further studies of thymopoiesis and endogenous glucocorticoids in other stress states, including illness, are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara L. Benjamin
- Adult Stem Cell Transplant Program, University of Miami Sylvester Cancer Center, Miami, Florida, USA
| | | | - Lisa St. John
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Krishna V. Komanduri
- Adult Stem Cell Transplant Program, University of Miami Sylvester Cancer Center, Miami, Florida, USA
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Osorio J, Álvarez D, Barreto-Mora J, Casanova-Bermeo M, Vargas-Plazas H, Giraldo-Bahamon G, Rivera-Sotto F, Falla-Puentes S, López-Guevara Ó, Valderrama SL. Infecciones pulmonares en pacientes con VIH 20 años después de la terapia antirretroviral combinada. ¿Qué ha cambiado? INFECTIO 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.infect.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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35
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Chu S, Zhong X, Zhang J, Lai X, Xie J, Li Y. Four SNPs and Systemic Level of FOXP3 in Smokers and Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. COPD 2016; 13:760-766. [DOI: 10.1080/15412555.2016.1192112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuyuan Chu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaoning Zhong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jianquan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaoying Lai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiajun Xie
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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36
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Liesz A, Kleinschnitz C. Regulatory T Cells in Post-stroke Immune Homeostasis. Transl Stroke Res 2016; 7:313-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s12975-016-0465-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Petho Z, Balajthy A, Bartok A, Bene K, Somodi S, Szilagyi O, Rajnavolgyi E, Panyi G, Varga Z. The anti-proliferative effect of cation channel blockers in T lymphocytes depends on the strength of mitogenic stimulation. Immunol Lett 2016; 171:60-9. [PMID: 26861999 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Ion channels are crucially important for the activation and proliferation of T lymphocytes, and thus, for the function of the immune system. Previous studies on the effects of channel blockers on T cell proliferation reported variable effectiveness due to differing experimental systems. Therefore our aim was to investigate how the strength of the mitogenic stimulation influences the efficiency of cation channel blockers in inhibiting activation, cytokine secretion and proliferation of T cells under standardized conditions. Human peripheral blood lymphocytes were activated via monoclonal antibodies targeting the TCR-CD3 complex and the co-stimulator CD28. We applied the blockers of Kv1.3 (Anuroctoxin), KCa3.1 (TRAM-34) and CRAC (2-Apb) channels of T cells either alone or in combination with rapamycin, the inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Five days after the stimulation ELISA and flow cytometric measurements were performed to determine IL-10 and IFN-γ secretion, cellular viability and proliferation. Our results showed that ion channel blockers and rapamycin inhibit IL-10 and IFN-γ secretion and cell division in a dose-dependent manner. Simultaneous application of the blockers for each channel along with rapamycin was the most effective, indicating synergy among the various activation pathways. Upon increasing the extent of mitogenic stimulation the anti-proliferative effect of the ion channel blockers diminished. This phenomenon may be important in understanding the fine-tuning of T cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltan Petho
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Andras Balajthy
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Adam Bartok
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Krisztian Bene
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Sandor Somodi
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Szilagyi
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Eva Rajnavolgyi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gyorgy Panyi
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Zoltan Varga
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; MTA-DE-NAP B Ion Channel Structure-Function Research Group, RCMM, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032, Hungary
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Kang JG, Sung HJ, Amar MJ, Pryor M, Remaley AT, Allen MD, Noguchi AC, Springer DA, Kwon J, Chen J, Park JH, Wang PY, Hwang PM. Low ambient oxygen prevents atherosclerosis. J Mol Med (Berl) 2016; 94:277-86. [PMID: 26830628 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-016-1386-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Large population studies have shown that living at higher altitudes, which lowers ambient oxygen exposure, is associated with reduced cardiovascular disease mortality. However, hypoxia has also been reported to promote atherosclerosis by worsening lipid metabolism and inflammation. We sought to address these disparate reports by reducing the ambient oxygen exposure of ApoE-/- mice. We observed that long-term adaptation to 10% O2 (equivalent to oxygen content at ∼5000 m), compared to 21% O2 (room air at sea level), resulted in a marked decrease in aortic atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice. This effect was associated with increased expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10), known to be anti-atherogenic and regulated by hypoxia-inducible transcription factor-1α (HIF-1α). Supporting these observations, ApoE-/- mice that were deficient in IL-10 (IL10-/- ApoE-/- double knockout) failed to show reduced atherosclerosis in 10% oxygen. Our study reveals a specific mechanism that can help explain the decreased prevalence of ischemic heart disease in populations living at high altitudes and identifies ambient oxygen exposure as a potential factor that could be modulated to alter pathogenesis. Key messages: Chronic low ambient oxygen exposure decreases atherosclerosis in mice. Anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 levels are increased by low ambient O2. This is consistent with the established role of HIF-1α in IL10 transactivation. Absence of IL-10 results in the loss of the anti-atherosclerosis effect of low O2. This mechanism may contribute to decreased atherosclerosis at high altitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Gyeong Kang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ho Joong Sung
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,College of Health Science, Eulji University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Marcelo J Amar
- Cardiovascular-Pulmonary Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Milton Pryor
- Cardiovascular-Pulmonary Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alan T Remaley
- Cardiovascular-Pulmonary Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jaeyul Kwon
- School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jichun Chen
- Hematology Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, Korea
| | - Ji-hoon Park
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ping-yuan Wang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Paul M Hwang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Zupke O, Distler E, Jürchott A, Paiphansiri U, Dass M, Thomas S, Hartwig UF, Theobald M, Landfester K, Mailänder V, Herr W. Nanoparticles and antigen-specific T-cell therapeutics: a comprehensive study on uptake and release. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 10:1063-76. [PMID: 25929565 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.14.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM T lymphocytes are used as cellular therapeutics in many disease entities including cancer. We investigated the uptake and retention of nanoparticles (NPs) by these nonphagocytic cells. MATERIALS & METHODS Uptake, release and toxicity of various polymeric NP preparations were analyzed by flow cytometry, confocal laser scanning microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. T-cell effector functions were measured using IFN-γ-ELISPOT and (51)Chromium-release assays. RESULTS Amino-functionalized NPs were efficiently ingested by antigen-specific T cells without adversely influencing effector functions. NPs were stored in membrane-surrounded vesicles, with major proportions released extracellularly during 24 h. CONCLUSION Amino-functionalized polymeric NPs are efficiently taken up by human T cells and could be used to design nanocarriers for direct access and manipulation of antigen-specific T cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Zupke
- Department of Medicine III, Hematology, Oncology & Pneumology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
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Immunoregulation of NKT Cells in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. J Immunol Res 2015; 2015:206731. [PMID: 26819956 PMCID: PMC4706917 DOI: 10.1155/2015/206731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem autoimmune disease with different variety of clinical manifestations. Natural killer T (NKT) cells are innate lymphocytes that play a regulatory role during broad range of immune responses. A number of studies demonstrated that the quantity and quality of invariant NKT (iNKT) cells showed marked defects in SLE patients in comparison to healthy controls. This finding suggests that iNKT cells may play a regulatory role in the occurrence and development of this disease. In this review, we mainly summarized the most recent findings about the behavior of NKT cells in SLE patients and mouse models, as well as how NKT cells affect the proportion of T helper cells and the production of autoreactive antibodies in the progress of SLE. This will help people better understand the role of NKT cells in the development of SLE and improve the therapy strategy.
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Torres KCDL, Rocha NP, Rezende VBD, Dutra WO, Gollob KJ, Cardoso F, Teixeira AL. Persistent Sydenham’s chorea is not associated with sustained lymphocyte dysfunction. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2015; 74:5-9. [DOI: 10.1590/0004-282x20150179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms involved in the symptoms of Sydenham’s chorea (SC) remain obscure. Taking into account the autoreactive antibody-mediated hypothesis of SC pathogenesis, the persistence of chorea may be associated with increased levels of B1 lymphocytes and other lymphocyte subsets. We evaluated lymphocyte subsets, including B1 and T cells, in patients with remitted (RSC) and persistent (PSC) SC by flow cytometry. Our results showed neither difference in the frequency of T and B lymphocytes subpopulations nor in their activation and functional states. These findings undermine the view of PSC as a sustained cytotoxic cellular-mediated condition. Alternative mechanisms may explain the pathogenesis of PSC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Antonio Lucio Teixeira
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Huang S, Wang W, Chi L. Feasibility of up-regulating CD4(+)CD25(+) Tregs by IFN-γ in myasthenia gravis patients. BMC Neurol 2015; 15:163. [PMID: 26347149 PMCID: PMC4562356 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-015-0419-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In myasthenia gravis (MG) patients, the dysfunction of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (CD4+CD25+ Tregs) may be one of the important pathogenesis of MG. Currently, the role of IFN-γ in autoimmune diseases is still controversial and needs further exploration. In this study, whether IFN-γ can induce CD4+CD25− T cells into CD4+CD25+ Tregs in MG in vitro was investigated systematically. Methods Flow cytometry was used to analyze the number of CD4+CD25+ Tregs in MG patients and healthy controls (HCs). CD4+CD25− T cells were separated from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of MG patients and HCs, and the CD4+CD25+ Tregs were separated from HCs by Magnetic cell sorting (MACS). IFN-γ with different concentrations was used to stimulate CD4+CD25− T cells. The percentages of the induced CD4+CD25+ T cells were detected by flow cytometry. The FoxP3 expression of the induced CD4+CD25+ T cells in MG patients was detected by real-time PCR at mRNA level. The induced CD4+CD25+ T cells were co-cultured with autologous CD4+CD25− T cells to estimate the suppressive ability of the induced CD4+CD25+ T cells to CD4+CD25− T cells. Results It shows the percentages of CD4+CD25+ T cells among CD4+ T cells have no significant difference in MG patients compared with those in HCs. There is also merely no difference in the percentages of CD4+CD25+ T cells between thymectomized and non-thymectomized MG patients. CD4+CD25− T cells can be induced to CD4+CD25+ T cells after applying IFN-γ in MG patients and HCs. The proportion and FoxP3 expression of the induced CD4+CD25+ T cells are the highest at the level of 40 ng/ml IFN-γ, and the suppressive function of the CD4+CD25+ T cells induced by 40 ng/ml IFN-γ is the strongest in MG patients. Conclusions This subject will further reveal the role of IFN-γ in the pathogenesis of MG from a new perspective. It will also provide the scientific basis for the clinical targeted therapy of MG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Huang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150080, P.R. China.
| | - Weizhi Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, P.R. China.
| | - Lijun Chi
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150080, P.R. China.
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Huseby ES, Kamimura D, Arima Y, Parello CS, Sasaki K, Murakami M. Role of T cell-glial cell interactions in creating and amplifying central nervous system inflammation and multiple sclerosis disease symptoms. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:295. [PMID: 26300731 PMCID: PMC4525059 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of the Central Nervous System (CNS) that causes the demyelination of nerve cells and destroys oligodendrocytes, neurons and axons. Historically, MS has been thought of as a T cell-mediated autoimmune disease of CNS white matter. However, recent studies have identified gray matter lesions in MS patients, suggesting that CNS antigens other than myelin proteins may be involved during the MS disease process. We have recently found that T cells targeting astrocyte-specific antigens can drive unique aspects of inflammatory CNS autoimmunity, including the targeting of gray matter and white matter of the brain and inducing heterogeneous clinical disease courses. In addition to being a target of T cells, astrocytes play a critical role in propagating the inflammatory response within the CNS induced NF-κB signaling. Here, we will discuss the pathophysiology of CNS inflammation mediated by T cell—glial cell interactions and its contributions to CNS autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S Huseby
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Daisuke Kamimura
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasunobu Arima
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University Sapporo, Japan
| | - Caitlin S Parello
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Katsuhiro Sasaki
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Masaaki Murakami
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University Sapporo, Japan
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Agostino NM, Saraceni C, Kincaid H, Shi W, Nevala WK, Markovic S, Nair SG. A prospective evaluation of the role of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and the immune system in stage III/IV melanoma. SPRINGERPLUS 2015; 4:186. [PMID: 25932372 PMCID: PMC4411400 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-015-0951-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background The immune system and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) may be influential in melanoma behavior. We performed a prospective, exploratory analysis in 10 stage III and 22 stage IV melanoma patients to observe factors influencing outcomes. Patients and methods Patients accrued during 2010 and 2011 were treated according to standard protocols for disease stage. We analyzed selected biomarkers for predictive patterns of clinical response. Survival outcomes were calculated using Kaplan-Meier curves. Results Baseline LDH was negatively correlated with length of survival and positively correlated to baseline VEGF in stage IV melanoma patients. We found a positive correlation between peripheral blood Treg concentrations and baseline VEGF in stage IV patients. No stage III patients died during the study period; median survival for stage IV patients was 48 months using a Kaplan-Meier survival curve, which illustrates the enrichment for exceptional stage IV survivors. Six stage IV patients remain disease free, including 4 of the 10 patients who received IL-2 +/− metastatectomy. Conclusions Recent advances in immunotherapy have demonstrated durable therapeutic responses which may favorably impact survival. Examining T-cell characteristics of metastatic melanoma patients may gain further insight into underlying immunomodulation mechanisms to guide improved therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Marie Agostino
- Lehigh Valley Health Network, Department of Hematology Oncology, John and Dorothy Morgan Cancer Center, 1240 S. Cedar Crest Blvd, Suite 401, Allentown, PA 18103 USA
| | - Christine Saraceni
- Lehigh Valley Health Network, Department of Hematology Oncology, John and Dorothy Morgan Cancer Center, 1240 S. Cedar Crest Blvd, Suite 401, Allentown, PA 18103 USA
| | - Hope Kincaid
- Lehigh Valley Health Network, Department of Hematology Oncology, John and Dorothy Morgan Cancer Center, 1240 S. Cedar Crest Blvd, Suite 401, Allentown, PA 18103 USA
| | - Wenjing Shi
- Lehigh Valley Health Network, Department of Hematology Oncology, John and Dorothy Morgan Cancer Center, 1240 S. Cedar Crest Blvd, Suite 401, Allentown, PA 18103 USA
| | | | | | - Suresh G Nair
- Lehigh Valley Health Network, Department of Hematology Oncology, John and Dorothy Morgan Cancer Center, 1240 S. Cedar Crest Blvd, Suite 401, Allentown, PA 18103 USA
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Abstract
Mycobacterial infections can cause a variety of different manifestations. The increasing incidence of these infections worldwide brought another medical dilemma: immunological manifestations characterized by the presence of many autoantibodies and concomitant presence of autoimmune diseases. The burden of tuberculosis reactivation that emerged with immunosuppressive therapy worsened with the growing use of biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). This review will address the relationship between the immune system and mycobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Machado Ribeiro
- Department of Rheumatology, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - T Goldenberg
- Department of Pneumology/ENSP-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, RJ, Brazil
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Liesz A, Hu X, Kleinschnitz C, Offner H. Functional role of regulatory lymphocytes in stroke: facts and controversies. Stroke 2015; 46:1422-30. [PMID: 25791715 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.114.008608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Liesz
- From the Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany (A.L.); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany (A.L.); Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, PA (X.H.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (C.K.); Department of Neurology and Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (H.O.); and Neuroimmunology Research, Portland, OR (H.O.).
| | - Xiaoming Hu
- From the Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany (A.L.); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany (A.L.); Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, PA (X.H.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (C.K.); Department of Neurology and Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (H.O.); and Neuroimmunology Research, Portland, OR (H.O.)
| | - Christoph Kleinschnitz
- From the Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany (A.L.); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany (A.L.); Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, PA (X.H.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (C.K.); Department of Neurology and Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (H.O.); and Neuroimmunology Research, Portland, OR (H.O.)
| | - Halina Offner
- From the Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany (A.L.); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany (A.L.); Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, PA (X.H.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (C.K.); Department of Neurology and Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (H.O.); and Neuroimmunology Research, Portland, OR (H.O.)
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Clinical characteristics and treatment-related biomarkers associated with response to high-dose interleukin-2 in metastatic melanoma and renal cell carcinoma: retrospective analysis of an academic community hospital's experience. SPRINGERPLUS 2015; 4:118. [PMID: 25815245 PMCID: PMC4366439 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-015-0890-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Immunotherapy in the treatment of metastatic melanoma and renal cell carcinoma can produce durable therapeutic responses, which may improve survival. We aimed to identify clinical characteristics and biomarkers associated with response to high-dose interleukin-2 therapy (IL-2) in patients with metastatic melanoma and renal cell carcinoma treated at an academic community hospital. Patients/Methods We retrospectively analyzed clinical variables and biomarkers of 50 consecutive metastatic melanoma or renal cell carcinoma patients treated at our institution with IL-2 during 2004 – 2012. We evaluated clinical characteristics: metastatic sites of disease, prior therapies, number of IL-2 doses per cycle, response duration, autoimmune phenomena, and peak fever, as well as laboratory biomarkers: baseline LDH, platelet nadir, and baseline and highest absolute lymphocyte count (ALC). Survival outcomes were calculated using Kaplan-Meier curves. Results Variables differing between responders (clinical benefit group) and non-responders (no clinical benefit group) in metastatic melanoma included platelet nadir during treatment (p = 0.015), autoimmune phenomena (p = 0.049), and in renal cell carcinoma, platelet nadir (p = 0.026). There were no significant differences between number of doses of IL-2 received per cycle and response in either cancer subtype. Clinical benefit occurred in 25% of patients (9/36) when IL-2 was given as first-line therapy. Median overall survival for the clinical benefit group from the initiation of IL-2 to death or last follow-up was 61 months versus 17 months for the no clinical benefit group (p < 0.001) for metastatic melanoma. In renal cell carcinoma overall survival for clinical benefit patients was 48 months versus 17 months. No treatment-related deaths occurred. Conclusions High-dose IL-2 can be safely administered by an experienced team in a non–intensive care oncology unit. The clinical benefit group developed autoimmune phenomena (melanoma patients), lower platelet nadir, and on average, received the same number of IL-2 doses as the no clinical benefit group, suggesting a response relationship to the patient’s baseline immune status. Further investigation of immune predictors of response may be useful to select appropriate patients for this therapy.
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Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-35, a recently identified cytokine of the IL-12 family, is a potent immunosuppressive cytokine secreted by regulatory T (Treg) cells and the newly reported regulatory B (Breg) cells. IL-35 functions as a crucial immunosuppressive factor in immune-mediated diseases, and the predominant mechanism of suppression is its ability to suppress T cell proliferation and effector functions. The pathogenic processes of the non-cytopathic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection-related liver diseases are immune-mediated, including liver damage and viral control. It has been found that IL-35 is detectable in peripheral CD4(+) T cells in chronic HBV-infected patients, whereas it is undetectable in healthy individuals. There is growing evidence that cytokine-mediated immune responses play a pivotal role in determining the clinical outcome during HBV infection. It is particularly important to investigate the effects of IL-35 in the immunopathogenesis of chronic HBV infection. In this study, the recent understanding of this issue is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Gang Xiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Translational Laboratory of Liver Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Singla AK, Gurram RK, Chauhan A, Khatri N, Vohra RM, Jolly RS, Agrewala JN. Caerulomycin A suppresses immunity by inhibiting T cell activity. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107051. [PMID: 25286329 PMCID: PMC4186789 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caerulomycin A (CaeA) is a known antifungal and antibiotic agent. Further, CaeA is reported to induce the expansion of regulatory T cell and prolongs the survival of skin allografts in mouse model of transplantation. In the current study, CaeA was purified and characterized from a novel species of actinomycetes, Actinoalloteichus spitiensis. The CaeA was identified for its novel immunosuppressive property by inhibiting in vitro and in vivo function of T cells. METHODS Isolation, purification and characterization of CaeA were performed using High Performance Flash Chromatography (HPFC), NMR and mass spectrometry techniques. In vitro and in vivo T cell studies were conducted in mice using flowcytometry, ELISA and thymidine-[methyl-(3)H] incorporation. RESULTS CaeA significantly suppressed T cell activation and IFN-γ secretion. Further, it inhibited the T cells function at G1 phase of cell cycle. No apoptosis was noticed by CaeA at a concentration responsible for inducing T cell retardation. Furthermore, the change in the function of B cells but not macrophages was observed. The CaeA as well exhibited substantial inhibitory activity in vivo. CONCLUSION This study describes for the first time novel in vitro and in vivo immunosuppressive function of CaeA on T cells and B cells. CaeA has enough potential to act as a future immunosuppressive drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind K. Singla
- Biochemical Engineering Research and Process Development Centre, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rama Krishna Gurram
- Immunology Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Arun Chauhan
- Immunology Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Neeraj Khatri
- Experimental Animal Facility, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rakesh M. Vohra
- Biochemical Engineering Research and Process Development Centre, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ravinder S. Jolly
- Department of Chemistry, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Javed N. Agrewala
- Immunology Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
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Chen L, Reyes-Vargas E, Dai H, Escobar H, Rudd B, Fairbanks J, Ho A, Cusick MF, Kumánovics A, Delgado J, He X, Jensen PE. Expression of the mouse MHC class Ib H2-T11 gene product, a paralog of H2-T23 (Qa-1) with shared peptide-binding specificity. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2014; 193:1427-39. [PMID: 24958902 PMCID: PMC4211609 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The mouse MHC class Ib gene H2-T11 is 95% identical at the DNA level to H2-T23, which encodes Qa-1, one of the most studied MHC class Ib molecules. H2-T11 mRNA was observed to be expressed widely in tissues of C57BL/6 mice, with the highest levels in thymus. To circumvent the availability of a specific mAb, cells were transduced with cDNA encoding T11 with a substituted α3 domain. Hybrid T11D3 protein was expressed at high levels similar to control T23D3 molecules on the surface of both TAP(+) and TAP(-) cells. Soluble T11D3 was generated by folding in vitro with Qa-1 determinant modifier, the dominant peptide presented by Qa-1. The circular dichroism spectrum of this protein was similar to that of other MHC class I molecules, and it was observed to bind labeled Qa-1 determinant modifier peptide with rapid kinetics. By contrast to the Qa-1 control, T11 tetramers did not react with cells expressing CD94/NKG2A, supporting the conclusion that T11 cannot replace Qa-1 as a ligand for NK cell inhibitory receptors. T11 also failed to substitute for Qa-1 in the presentation of insulin to a Qa-1-restricted T cell hybridoma. Despite divergent function, T11 was observed to share peptide-loading specificity with Qa-1. Direct analysis by tandem mass spectrometry of peptides eluted from T11D3 and T23D3 isolated from Hela cells demonstrated a diversity of peptides with a clear motif that was shared between the two molecules. Thus, T11 is a paralog of T23 encoding an MHC class Ib molecule that shares peptide-binding specificity with Qa-1 but differs in function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112; and
| | | | - Hu Dai
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112; and
| | | | - Brant Rudd
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112; and
| | - Jared Fairbanks
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112; and
| | - Alexander Ho
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112; and
| | - Mathew F Cusick
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112; and
| | - Attila Kumánovics
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112; and ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Julio Delgado
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112; and ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Xiao He
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112; and
| | - Peter E Jensen
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112; and ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
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