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Avrahami M, Ben-Dor DH, Ratzon R, Weizman A, Perlman Danieli P. Characterizing the clinical and sociodemographic profiles of hospitalized adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. Glob Ment Health (Camb) 2024; 11:e63. [PMID: 38827333 PMCID: PMC11140491 DOI: 10.1017/gmh.2024.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is increasing worldwide. Youngsters with ASD demonstrate higher rates of intellectual disabilities (IDs), comorbid psychopathology and psychiatric hospitalizations, compared to children in the general population. This study characterizes the demographics and clinical parameters of adolescent psychiatric inpatients with ASD compared to inpatients without ASD, all hospitalized during the study period. Additionally, within the ASD group, those with ID were compared to those without. The rate of males among participants with ASD was significantly higher than among those without ASD, and the duration of hospitalization was longer. In contrast, the rate of cigarette smoking, major depressive disorder and suicidal thoughts among those with ASD was lower. One-third of those with ASD had moderate to severe ID, about 10% had comorbid epilepsy, and about half of them demonstrated aggressive behavior. Most ASD patients showed significant improvement upon discharge, although the extent of improvement was more prominent among ASD patients with no ID. Our findings, consistent with previous research, indicate that hospitalization is beneficial to youths with ASD, both those with and those without ID. Further studies that include long-term follow-up are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matan Avrahami
- Child and Adolescent Division, Geha Mental Health Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - David Haim Ben-Dor
- Child and Adolescent Division, Geha Mental Health Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Roy Ratzon
- Child and Adolescent Division, Geha Mental Health Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Abraham Weizman
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Laboratory of Molecular and Biological Psychiatry, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Research Unit, Geha Mental Health Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Polina Perlman Danieli
- Child and Adolescent Division, Geha Mental Health Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
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2
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Safi S, Wong G, Thirsk L, Vallance J. Examining sedentary behaviours of adults with intellectual disabilities: A qualitative analysis. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES : JOID 2024:17446295241245784. [PMID: 38575141 DOI: 10.1177/17446295241245784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Sedentary behaviours among adults with intellectual disabilities have not been well studied. A sedentary lifestyle puts adults with and without disabilities at high risk of developing health conditions and diseases. Current literature revealed few empirical studies on the benefits of reducing sedentary behaviours with respect to the health of adults with intellectual disabilities. This research explored the factors that helped or hindered sedentary behaviours of adults with intellectual disabilities in the Canadian population. Guided by the socio-ecological model, Critical Incident Technique (CIT) was conducted. Five adults with intellectual disabilities from the Province of Ontario were interviewed and 102 critical incidents were collected. Adults with intellectual disabilities identified personal and environmental related factors that led to increased sedentary behaviours; and revealed helpful factors and wish-lists of actions that decreased sedentary lifestyle. Findings may be useful when developing programs aimed to decrease prolonged periods of sedentary behaviours specific to this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Safi
- Faculty of Health Disciplines, Athabasca University, Athabasca, AB, Canada
| | - Gina Wong
- Faculty of Health Disciplines, Athabasca University, Athabasca, AB, Canada
| | - Lorraine Thirsk
- Faculty of Health Disciplines, Athabasca University, Athabasca, AB, Canada
| | - Jeff Vallance
- Faculty of Health Disciplines, Athabasca University, Athabasca, AB, Canada
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3
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Banerjee S, Zhao Q, Wang B, Qin J, Yuan X, Lou Z, Zheng W, Li H, Wang X, Cheng X, Zhu Y, Lin F, Yang F, Xu J, Munshi A, Das P, Zhou Y, Mandal K, Wang Y, Ayub M, Hirokawa N, Xi Y, Chen G, Li C. A novel in-frame deletion in KIF5C gene causes infantile onset epilepsy and psychomotor retardation. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e469. [PMID: 38525108 PMCID: PMC10960728 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Motor proteins, encoded by Kinesin superfamily (KIF) genes, are critical for brain development and plasticity. Increasing studies reported KIF's roles in neurodevelopmental disorders. Here, a 6 years and 3 months-old Chinese boy with markedly symptomatic epilepsy, intellectual disability, brain atrophy, and psychomotor retardation was investigated. His parents and younger sister were phenotypically normal and had no disease-related family history. Whole exome sequencing identified a novel heterozygous in-frame deletion (c.265_267delTCA) in exon 3 of the KIF5C in the proband, resulting in the removal of evolutionarily highly conserved p.Ser90, located in its ATP-binding domain. Sanger sequencing excluded the proband's parents and family members from harboring this variant. The activity of ATP hydrolysis in vitro was significantly reduced as predicted. Immunofluorescence studies showed wild-type KIF5C was widely distributed throughout the cytoplasm, while mutant KIF5C was colocalized with microtubules. The live-cell imaging of the cargo-trafficking assay revealed that mutant KIF5C lost the peroxisome-transporting ability. Drosophila models also confirmed p.Ser90del's essential role in nervous system development. This study emphasized the importance of the KIF5C gene in intracellular cargo-transport as well as germline variants that lead to neurodevelopmental disorders and might enable clinicians for timely and accurate diagnosis and disease management in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santasree Banerjee
- Department of Human Genetics and Department of Ultrasound, Women's HospitalSchool of Basic Medical ScienceZhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic and Developmental DisordersZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Department of GeneticsCollege of Basic Medical SciencesJilin UniversityChangchunChina
- Department of GeneticsUniversity of DelhiNew DelhiIndia
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Department of Human Genetics and Department of Ultrasound, Women's HospitalSchool of Basic Medical ScienceZhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic and Developmental DisordersZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of PediatricsShenzhen Second People's HospitalThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science CenterShenzhenChina
| | - Jiale Qin
- Department of Human Genetics and Department of Ultrasound, Women's HospitalSchool of Basic Medical ScienceZhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic and Developmental DisordersZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Xin Yuan
- Department of Human Genetics and Department of Ultrasound, Women's HospitalSchool of Basic Medical ScienceZhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic and Developmental DisordersZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Ziwei Lou
- Department of Human Genetics and Department of Ultrasound, Women's HospitalSchool of Basic Medical ScienceZhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic and Developmental DisordersZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Weizeng Zheng
- Department of RadiologyWomen's HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Huanguo Li
- Department of RadiologyHangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Department of Rehabilitation and Department of Internal Medicine of the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineNational Clinical Research Center for Child HealthHangzhouChina
| | - Xiawei Cheng
- School of PharmacyEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghaiChina
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of Neurobiology, Department of Rehabilitation and Department of Internal Medicine of the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineNational Clinical Research Center for Child HealthHangzhouChina
| | - Fan Lin
- Department of Cell BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Human Genetics and Department of Ultrasound, Women's HospitalSchool of Basic Medical ScienceZhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic and Developmental DisordersZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Junyu Xu
- Department of Neurobiology, Department of Rehabilitation and Department of Internal Medicine of the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineNational Clinical Research Center for Child HealthHangzhouChina
| | - Anjana Munshi
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular MedicineCentral University of PunjabBathindaIndia
| | - Parimal Das
- Centre for Genetic DisordersBanaras Hindu UniversityVaranasiIndia
| | - Yuanfeng Zhou
- Department of Neurology and Epilepsy CenterChildren's Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Kausik Mandal
- Department of Medical GeneticsSanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical SciencesLucknowUttar PradeshIndia
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Neurology and Epilepsy CenterChildren's Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Muhammad Ayub
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Nobutaka Hirokawa
- Department of Cell Biology and AnatomyGraduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Yongmei Xi
- Department of Human Genetics and Department of Ultrasound, Women's HospitalSchool of Basic Medical ScienceZhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic and Developmental DisordersZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Guangfu Chen
- Department of PediatricsShenzhen Second People's HospitalThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science CenterShenzhenChina
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Human Genetics and Department of Ultrasound, Women's HospitalSchool of Basic Medical ScienceZhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic and Developmental DisordersZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Alibaba‐Zhejiang University Joint Research Center of Future Digital HealthcareHangzhouChina
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4
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Longhurst P, Aspell J, Todd J, Swami V. "There's No Separating My View of My Body from My Autism": A qualitative study of positive body image in autistic individuals. Body Image 2024; 48:101655. [PMID: 38042087 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2023.101655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
While scholars have investigated positive body image across diverse populations, extant theory largely excludes those with differing socio-cognitive experiences, such as autistic individuals. Using constructivist grounded theory, this study sought to develop a grounded theory of positive body image in autistic individuals. One-to-one interviews with photo-elicitation were conducted with 20 autistic adults (7 women, 8 men, 5 non-binary/agender; aged 18-53 years) from the United Kingdom. Through a process of open, axial, and focused coding, a grounded theory was developed around a core category of positive body image in autistic adults and was found to comprise six themes: body connection, body acceptance, appreciating body functionality and neurodivergent strengths, having a body-positive protective filter, taking care of the body, and body and appearance neutrality. Our findings suggest that some aspects of positive body image in autistic individuals are consistent with those found in neurotypical adults. However, positive body image in autistic individuals further encompasses both the sensory (i.e., how the body is felt) and aesthetic (i.e., how the body is seen) body. These findings may stimulate research aimed at improving positive body image in autistic populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phaedra Longhurst
- School of Psychology and Sport Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Jane Aspell
- School of Psychology and Sport Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Todd
- School of Psychology and Sport Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Centre for Psychological Medicine, Perdana University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Viren Swami
- School of Psychology and Sport Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Centre for Psychological Medicine, Perdana University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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5
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Garg P, Jamal F, Srivastava P. Comparative Transcriptomics Data Profiling Reveals E2F Targets as an Important Biological Pathway Overexpressed in Intellectual Disability Disorder. Bioinform Biol Insights 2024; 18:11779322231224665. [PMID: 38357659 PMCID: PMC10865946 DOI: 10.1177/11779322231224665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Intellectual disability (ID) is an early childhood neurodevelopmental disorder that is characterized by impaired intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior. It is one of the major concerns in the field of neurodevelopmental disorders across the globe. Diversified approaches have been put forward to overcome this problem. Among all these approaches, high throughput transcriptomic analysis has taken an important dimension. The identification of genes causing ID rapidly increased over the past 3 to 5 years owing to the use of sophisticated high throughput sequencing platforms. Early monitoring and preventions are much important for such disorder as their progression occurs during fetal development. This study is an attempt to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and upregulated biological processes involved in development of ID patients through comparative analysis of available transcriptomics data. A total of 7 transcriptomic studies were retrieved from National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and were subjected to quality check and trimming prior to alignment. The normalization and differential expression analysis were carried out using DESeq2 and EdgeR packages of Rstudio to identify DEGs in ID. In progression of the study, functional enrichment analysis of the results obtained from both DESeq2 and EdgeR was done using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) tool to identify major upregulated biological processes involved in ID. Our findings concluded that monitoring the level of E2F targets, estrogen, and genes related to oxidative phosphorylation, DNA repair, and glycolysis during the developmental stage of an individual can help in the early detection of ID disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prekshi Garg
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, Lucknow, India
| | - Farrukh Jamal
- Department of Biochemistry, Dr Rammanohar Lohia Avadh University, Ayodhya, India
| | - Prachi Srivastava
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, Lucknow, India
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6
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Sun L, Yang X, Khan A, Yu X, Zhang H, Han S, Habulieti X, Sun Y, Wang R, Zhang X. Panoramic variation analysis of a family with neurodevelopmental disorders caused by biallelic loss-of-function variants in TMEM141, DDHD2, and LHFPL5. Front Med 2024; 18:81-97. [PMID: 37837560 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-023-1006-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Highly clinical and genetic heterogeneity of neurodevelopmental disorders presents a major challenge in clinical genetics and medicine. Panoramic variation analysis is imperative to analyze the disease phenotypes resulting from multilocus genomic variation. Here, a Pakistani family with parental consanguinity was presented, characterized with severe intellectual disability (ID), spastic paraplegia, and deafness. Homozygosity mapping, integrated single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array, whole-exome sequencing, and whole-genome sequencing were performed, and homozygous variants in TMEM141 (c.270G>A, p.Trp90*), DDHD2 (c.411+767_c.1249-327del), and LHFPL5 (c.250delC, p.Leu84*) were identified. A Tmem141p.Trp90*/p.Trp90* mouse model was generated. Behavioral studies showed impairments in learning ability and motor coordination. Brain slice electrophysiology and Golgi staining demonstrated deficient synaptic plasticity in hippocampal neurons and abnormal dendritic branching in cerebellar Purkinje cells. Transmission electron microscopy showed abnormal mitochondrial morphology. Furthermore, studies on a human in vitro neuronal model (SH-SY5Y cells) with stable shRNA-mediated knockdown of TMEM141 showed deleterious effect on bioenergetic function, possibly explaining the pathogenesis of replicated phenotypes in the cross-species mouse model. Conclusively, panoramic variation analysis revealed that multilocus genomic variations of TMEM141, DDHD2, and LHFPL5 together caused variable phenotypes in patient. Notably, the biallelic loss-of-function variants of TMEM141 were responsible for syndromic ID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Sun
- McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine, State Key Laboratory for Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Human Embryo Engineering, Center for Reproductive Medicine, National Key Clinical Speciality Construction Project (Obstetrics and Gynecology), Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, 400013, China
- Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Medicine, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400013, China
| | - Xueting Yang
- McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine, State Key Laboratory for Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Amjad Khan
- McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine, State Key Laboratory for Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Zoology, University of Lakki Marwat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 28420, Pakistan.
- Institute for Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany.
- Alexander von Humboldt fellowship Foundation, Berlin, 10117, Germany.
| | - Xue Yu
- McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine, State Key Laboratory for Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Han Zhang
- McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine, State Key Laboratory for Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory for Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Shirui Han
- McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine, State Key Laboratory for Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Xiaerbati Habulieti
- McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine, State Key Laboratory for Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Yang Sun
- McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine, State Key Laboratory for Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Rongrong Wang
- McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine, State Key Laboratory for Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.
| | - Xue Zhang
- McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine, State Key Laboratory for Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
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7
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Guadagnolo D, Mastromoro G, Torres B, Marchionni E, di Palma F, Goldoni M, Cocciadiferro D, Novelli A, Bernardini L, Pizzuti A. Duplication at 19q13.32q13.33 Segregating with Neuropsychiatric Phenotype in a Three-Generation Family: Towards the Definition of a Critical Region. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2157. [PMID: 38136979 PMCID: PMC10742575 DOI: 10.3390/genes14122157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal submicroscopic imbalances represent well-known causes of neurodevelopmental disorders. In some cases, these can cause specific autosomal dominant syndromes, with high-to-complete penetrance and de novo occurrence of the variant. In other cases, they result in non-syndromic neurodevelopmental disorders, often acting as moderate-penetrance risk factors, possibly inherited from unaffected parents. We describe a three-generation family with non-syndromic neuropsychiatric features segregating with a novel 19q13.32q13.33 microduplication. The propositus was a 28-month-old male ascertained for psychomotor delay, with no dysmorphic features or malformations. His mother had Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and a learning disability. The maternal uncle had an intellectual disability. Chromosomal microarray analysis identified a 969 kb 19q13.32q13.33 microduplication in the proband. The variant segregated in the mother, the uncle, and the maternal grandmother of the proband, who also presented neuropsychiatric disorders. Fragile-X Syndrome testing was negative. Exome Sequencing did not identify Pathogenic/Likely Pathogenic variants. Imbalances involving 19q13.32 and 19q13.33 are associated with neurodevelopmental delay. A review of the reported microduplications allowed to propose BICRA (MIM *605690) and KPTN (MIM *615620) as candidates for the neurodevelopmental delay susceptibility in 19q13.32q13.33 copy number gains. The peculiarities of this case are the small extension of the duplication, the three-generation segregation, and the full penetrance of the phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Guadagnolo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Gioia Mastromoro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Torres
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Diagnosis, Treatment and Transfusional Medicine Services, Fondazione Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Enrica Marchionni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca di Palma
- Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Goldoni
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Diagnosis, Treatment and Transfusional Medicine Services, Fondazione Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Dario Cocciadiferro
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Novelli
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Bernardini
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Diagnosis, Treatment and Transfusional Medicine Services, Fondazione Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Antonio Pizzuti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Diagnosis, Treatment and Transfusional Medicine Services, Fondazione Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
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8
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Mir A, Khorram E, Song Y, Lee H, Tabatabaiefar MA. A novel heterozygous truncating variant in the AGO1 gene in an Iranian family with schizophrenia as an unreported symptom. Ann Hum Genet 2023; 87:295-301. [PMID: 37589173 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Intellectual disability (ID) and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are the most common developmental disorders in humans. Combined, they affect between 3% and 5% of the population. Although high-throughput genomic methods are rapidly increasing the pool of ASD genes, many cases remain idiopathic. AGO1 is one of the less-known genes related to ID/ASD. This gene encodes a core member protein of the RNA-induced silencing complex, which suppresses mRNA expression through cleavage, degradation, and/or translational repression. Generally, patients with defects in the AGO1 gene manifest varying degrees of ID, speech delay, and autistic behaviors. Herein, we used whole-exome sequencing (WES) to investigate an Iranian family with two affected members one of whom manifested ID and autism and the other showed borderline ID and schizophrenia. WES analysis identified a novel heterozygous truncating variant (NM_012199.5:c.1298G > A, p.Trp433Ter) in the AGO1 gene that co-segregated with the phenotypes using Sanger sequencing. Moreover, the structural analysis showed that due to this variant, two critical domains (Mid and PIWI) of the AGO1 protein have been lost, which has a detrimental effect on the protein's function and structure. To the best of our knowledge, schizophrenia has not been reported in patients with AGO1 deficiency, which is a novel phenotypic finding that expands the AGO1-related behavioral disorders. Moreover, this study's findings determined that patients with the same variant in the AGO1 gene may show heterogeneity in manifested phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Mir
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Erfan Khorram
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Yongjun Song
- Division of Medical Genetics, 3Billion Inc, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hane Lee
- Division of Medical Genetics, 3Billion Inc, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mohammad Amin Tabatabaiefar
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Noncommunicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- GenTArget Corp (GTAC), Deputy of Research and Technology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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9
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Khemiri L, Kuja-Halkola R, Larsson H, Butwicka A, Tideman M, D'Onofrio BM, Latvala A, Lichtenstein P. Parental substance use disorder and risk of intellectual disability in offspring in Sweden: a national register study. EClinicalMedicine 2023; 63:102170. [PMID: 37680949 PMCID: PMC10480548 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Intellectual disability (ID) is a disorder with unknown aetiology in many cases. Maternal alcohol use is a known risk factor for ID, but less is known about the importance of maternal and paternal substance use disorder (SUD) and risk of ID in offspring. Methods Data from multiple nationwide registers were used to create a cohort of children born from January 01, 1978 to December 31, 2002. All participants were born in Sweden, had available parental identification information and did not emigrate or die before age 12 (n = 1,940,820). Logistic regression modelling was performed with exposure defined as having a parent who received any SUD diagnosis, including alcohol use disorder (AUD) and drug use disorder (DUD). The outcome was registration of diagnosis of any form of ID. First, we analysed the risk of ID if parental SUD was registered prior to childbirth with stepwise adjustment of multiple covariates. Second, the effect of timing of SUD diagnosis in relation to childbirth was analysed. Findings Of 37,410 offspring with parental SUD registered prior to birth, 3.0% (n = 1110) had any form of ID compared to 1.2% (n = 23,168) of those 1,903,410 individuals without parental SUD prior birth. Parental SUD prior birth was associated with an increased risk of any form of ID (Odds Ratio [OR]: 2.3 [2.2-2.5]), with ORs similar for maternal (OR: 2.3 [2.1-2.5]) and paternal SUD (OR: 2.3 [2.1-2.5]). These ORs were reduced but remained statistically significant after adjusting for parental education, migration, psychiatric comorbidity, and co-parent SUD (OR parental SUD: 1.6 [1.5-1.8]; OR maternal SUD: 1.4 [1.2-1.5]; OR paternal SUD: 1.6 [1.5-1.7]). Parental SUD was associated with increased risk of ID in offspring irrespective of timing of diagnosis, but if mothers or fathers were diagnosed with AUD during pregnancy (OR maternal AUD: 5.0 [3.1-8.2]; OR paternal AUD: 2.8 [2.2-3.6]), the risk was significantly greater than if the AUD diagnosis was first registered after childbirth (OR maternal AUD: 1.9 [1.8-2.0]; OR paternal AUD: 1.6 [1.6-1.7]). Interpretation Both paternal and maternal SUD were associated with an increased risk of ID in offspring, with greatest risk observed when AUD was diagnosed during pregnancy. Possible mechanisms may involve shared genetic and environmental factors, including toxic effects from alcohol intake. These findings have clinical implications in suggesting that parental SUD in either parent represents a possibly modifiable risk factor to consider when developing prevention, diagnostics and treatment programs for children with ID. Funding Stockholm County Council, the Research Council of the Swedish Alcohol Retailing Monopoly, Fredrik and Ingrid Thurings stiftelse, Academy of Finland, the Swedish Research Council and the Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare, Nordforsk by the Nordic Council of Ministers and the Polish Medical Research Agency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotfi Khemiri
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ralf Kuja-Halkola
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Larsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Agnieszka Butwicka
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health Services, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Magnus Tideman
- Department of Social Sciences, Marie Cederschiöld University, Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Health and Welfare, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Brian M. D'Onofrio
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Antti Latvala
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute of Criminology and Legal Policy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paul Lichtenstein
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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10
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Washington P, Wall DP. A Review of and Roadmap for Data Science and Machine Learning for the Neuropsychiatric Phenotype of Autism. Annu Rev Biomed Data Sci 2023; 6:211-228. [PMID: 37137169 PMCID: PMC11093217 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biodatasci-020722-125454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (autism) is a neurodevelopmental delay that affects at least 1 in 44 children. Like many neurological disorder phenotypes, the diagnostic features are observable, can be tracked over time, and can be managed or even eliminated through proper therapy and treatments. However, there are major bottlenecks in the diagnostic, therapeutic, and longitudinal tracking pipelines for autism and related neurodevelopmental delays, creating an opportunity for novel data science solutions to augment and transform existing workflows and provide increased access to services for affected families. Several efforts previously conducted by a multitude of research labs have spawned great progress toward improved digital diagnostics and digital therapies for children with autism. We review the literature on digital health methods for autism behavior quantification and beneficial therapies using data science. We describe both case-control studies and classification systems for digital phenotyping. We then discuss digital diagnostics and therapeutics that integrate machine learning models of autism-related behaviors, including the factors that must be addressed for translational use. Finally, we describe ongoing challenges and potential opportunities for the field of autism data science. Given the heterogeneous nature of autism and the complexities of the relevant behaviors, this review contains insights that are relevant to neurological behavior analysis and digital psychiatry more broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Washington
- Department of Information and Computer Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA
| | - Dennis P Wall
- Departments of Pediatrics (Systems Medicine), Biomedical Data Science, and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA;
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11
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Abi Raad S, Yazbeck Karam V, Chouery E, Mehawej C, Megarbane A. CHAMP1-Related Disorder: Sharing 20 Years of thorough Clinical Follow-Up and Review of the Literature. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1546. [PMID: 37628598 PMCID: PMC10454041 DOI: 10.3390/genes14081546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Intellectual disability (ID) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior. While the causes of ID are still largely unknown, it is believed to result from a combination of environmental exposures and genetic abnormalities. Recent advancements in genomic studies and clinical genetic testing have identified numerous genes associated with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), including ID. One such gene is CHAMP1, which plays a role in chromosome alignment and has been linked to a specific type of NDD called CHAMP1 disease. This report presents the case of a 21-year-old Lebanese female patient with a de novo mutation in CHAMP1. In addition to ID and NDD, the patient exhibited various clinical features such as impaired language, dysmorphic features, macrocephaly, thoracic hyperkyphosis, decreased pain sensation, and metabolic syndrome. These findings expand the understanding of the clinical spectrum associated with CHAMP1 mutations and highlight the importance of comprehensive follow-up for improved prognosis. Overall, this case contributes to the knowledge of CHAMP1-related NDDs by describing additional clinical features associated with a CHAMP1 mutation. The findings underscore the need for accurate diagnosis, thorough follow-up, and personalized care for individuals with CHAMP1 mutations to optimize their prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Abi Raad
- Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA;
| | - Vanda Yazbeck Karam
- Department of Anesthesiology, Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos 1102-2801, Lebanon;
| | - Eliane Chouery
- Department of Human Genetics, Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos 1102-2801, Lebanon; (E.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Cybel Mehawej
- Department of Human Genetics, Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos 1102-2801, Lebanon; (E.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Andre Megarbane
- Department of Human Genetics, Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos 1102-2801, Lebanon; (E.C.); (C.M.)
- Institut Jérôme Lejeune, 75015 Paris, France
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12
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Murtaj V, Butti E, Martino G, Panina-Bordignon P. Endogenous neural stem cells characterization using omics approaches: Current knowledge in health and disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1125785. [PMID: 37091923 PMCID: PMC10113633 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1125785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs), an invaluable source of neuronal and glial progeny, have been widely interrogated in the last twenty years, mainly to understand their therapeutic potential. Most of the studies were performed with cells derived from pluripotent stem cells of either rodents or humans, and have mainly focused on their potential in regenerative medicine. High-throughput omics technologies, such as transcriptomics, epigenetics, proteomics, and metabolomics, which exploded in the past decade, represent a powerful tool to investigate the molecular mechanisms characterizing the heterogeneity of endogenous NSCs. The transition from bulk studies to single cell approaches brought significant insights by revealing complex system phenotypes, from the molecular to the organism level. Here, we will discuss the current literature that has been greatly enriched in the “omics era”, successfully exploring the nature and function of endogenous NSCs and the process of neurogenesis. Overall, the information obtained from omics studies of endogenous NSCs provides a sharper picture of NSCs function during neurodevelopment in healthy and in perturbed environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Murtaj
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy
- Neuroimmunology, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Erica Butti
- Neuroimmunology, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianvito Martino
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy
- Neuroimmunology, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Panina-Bordignon
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy
- Neuroimmunology, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Paola Panina-Bordignon
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13
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Chowdhury MAK, Hardin JW, Love BL, Merchant AT, McDermott S. Relationship of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Use During Pregnancy with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Intellectual Disability Among Offspring. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2023; 32:356-365. [PMID: 36576852 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2022.0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to examine the association of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use by pregnant women during pregnancy with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID) in their children among Medicaid-insured mother-child dyads. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study linking multiple datasets of South Carolina for the years between 2010 and 2017, in which the main exposure variable was NSAID use during pregnancy and outcome variables were ASD only, ID only, and ASD with ID. We conducted a multinomial logistic regression analysis, controlling for identified risk factors for ASD (mother's age, race, body-mass index, preeclampsia, and gestational diabetes). Results: NSAID use during pregnancy was found to be associated with ID only in both unadjusted and adjusted analyses. Children with mothers who had NSAID prescriptions were 26% more likely to have ID in comparison with children whose mothers did not have NSAID prescriptions (odds ratio: 1.26 [1.10-1.46]). The other risk factors identified for ASD were maternal age, race, preeclampsia, smoking, low birth weight, and obesity. For ID, the risk factors were maternal age, race, smoking, birth weight, overweight, and obesity, all of which were also associated with ASD with ID, except for overweight. Conclusions: NSAID usage during pregnancy was found to be associated with ID only and not with ASD. However, more research is needed to validate the effect of NSAIDs during pregnancy on ASD and ID among children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James W Hardin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Bryan L Love
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Outcome Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Anwar T Merchant
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Suzanne McDermott
- Department of Environmental, Occupational, and Geospatial Health Sciences, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York, New York, USA
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14
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Burger P, Colin F, Strehle A, Mazzucotelli T, Collot N, Coutelle R, Durand B, Bouman A, Landau Prat D, Kleefstra T, Parrend P, Piton A, Koolen DA, Mandel JL. GenIDA: an international participatory database to gain knowledge on health issues related to genetic forms of neurodevelopmental disorders. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2023; 130:459-471. [PMID: 36436153 PMCID: PMC9702708 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-022-02569-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Intellectual disability with or without manifestations of autism and/or epilepsy affects 1-2% of the population, and it is estimated that more than 30-50% of these cases have a single genetic cause. More than 1000 genes and recurrent chromosomal abnormalities are involved in these genetic forms of neurodevelopmental disorders, which often remain insufficiently described in terms of clinical spectrum, associated medical problems, etc., due to their rarity and the often-limited number of patients' phenotypes reported. GenIDA is an international online participatory database that aims to better characterise the clinical manifestations and natural histories of these rare diseases. Clinical information is reported by parents of affected individuals using a structured questionnaire exploring physical parameters, cognitive and behavioural aspects, the presence or absence of neurological disorders or problems affecting major physiological functions, as well as autonomy and quality of life. This strengthens the implication in research of the concerned families. GenIDA aims to construct international cohorts of significant size of individuals affected by a given condition. As of July 2022, GenIDA counts some 1545 documented patient records from over 60 nationalities and collaborates with clinicians and researchers around the world who have access to the anonymized data collected to generate new, medically meaningful information to improve patient care. We present the GenIDA database here, together with an overview of the possibilities it offers to affected individuals, their families, and professionals in charge of the management of genetic forms of neurodevelopmental disorders. Finally, case studies of cohorts will illustrate the usefulness of GenIDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Burger
- Department of Neurogenetics and Translational Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), Illkirch, France.
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U 1258, Illkirch, France.
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7104, Illkirch, France.
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Florent Colin
- Department of Neurogenetics and Translational Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U 1258, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7104, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- INSERM UMR S1109, Tumor Biomechanics Lab, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Axelle Strehle
- Department of Neurogenetics and Translational Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U 1258, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7104, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Timothée Mazzucotelli
- Department of Neurogenetics and Translational Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U 1258, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7104, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Nicole Collot
- Department of Neurogenetics and Translational Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U 1258, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7104, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Romain Coutelle
- Service de Psychiatrie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- INSERM U 1114, Clinique Psychiatrique, Strasbourg, France
| | - Benjamin Durand
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Institut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Arianne Bouman
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Daphna Landau Prat
- Division of Ophthalmology, The Goldschleger Eye Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Sheba Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Tjitske Kleefstra
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Centre of Excellence for Neuropsychiatry, Vincent Van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry, Venray, The Netherlands
| | - Pierre Parrend
- ICube Laboratory (Laboratoire Des Sciences de l'ingénieur, de l'informatique et de l'imagerie), UMR 7357, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France
- EPITA, Strasbourg, France
| | - Amélie Piton
- Department of Neurogenetics and Translational Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U 1258, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7104, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Laboratoire de Diagnostic Génétique, IGMA, Hôpitaux Universitaire de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - David A Koolen
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Louis Mandel
- Department of Neurogenetics and Translational Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U 1258, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7104, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- University of Strasgourg Institute for Advanced Studies (USIAS), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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15
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The Genetics of Intellectual Disability. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13020231. [PMID: 36831774 PMCID: PMC9953898 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13020231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Intellectual disability (ID) has a prevalence of ~2-3% in the general population, having a large societal impact. The underlying cause of ID is largely of genetic origin; however, identifying this genetic cause has in the past often led to long diagnostic Odysseys. Over the past decades, improvements in genetic diagnostic technologies and strategies have led to these causes being more and more detectable: from cytogenetic analysis in 1959, we moved in the first decade of the 21st century from genomic microarrays with a diagnostic yield of ~20% to next-generation sequencing platforms with a yield of up to 60%. In this review, we discuss these various developments, as well as their associated challenges and implications for the field of ID, which highlight the revolutionizing shift in clinical practice from a phenotype-first into genotype-first approach.
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16
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Cai M, Que Y, Chen X, Chen Y, Liang B, Huang H, Xu L, Lin N. 16p13.11 microdeletion/microduplication in fetuses: investigation of associated ultrasound phenotypes, genetic anomalies, and pregnancy outcome follow-up. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2022; 22:913. [PMID: 36476185 PMCID: PMC9727942 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-022-05267-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES 16p13.11 microdeletion/microduplication are rare genetic diseases with incomplete penetrance, most of which have been reported in adults and children, with ultrasound phenotyping in fetuses rarely described. Here, we have analyzed prenatal ultrasound phenotypic characteristics associated with 16p13.11 microdeletion/microduplication, in order to improve the understanding, diagnosis and monitoring of this disease in the fetus. METHODS A total of 9000 pregnant women who underwent invasive prenatal diagnosis for karyotyping and SNP-array were retrospectively analyzed in tertiary referral institutions from October 2016 to January 2022. RESULTS SNP-array revealed that 20 fetuses had copy number variation (CNV) in the 16p13.11 region, out of which 5 had 16p13.11 microdeletion and the rest showed microduplication, along with different ultrasound phenotypes. Furthermore, 4/20 cases demonstrated structural abnormalities, while the remaining 16 cases were atypical in ultrasound. Taken together, 16p13.1 microdeletion was closely related to thickened nuchal translucency, while 16p13.11 microduplication was more closely associated with echogenic bowel. Only 5/15 fetuses were verified by pedigree, with one case of 16p13.11 microdeletion being de novo, and the other cases of 16p13.11 microduplication were inherited from one parent. In 4/20 cases, the pregnancy was terminated. Except for one case with short stature and another one who underwent lung cystadenoma surgery, no abnormalities were reported in the other cases during follow-up. CONCLUSION Fetuses with 16p13.11 microdeletion/microduplication had no characteristic phenotype of intrauterine ultrasound and was in good health after birth, thus providing a reference for the perinatal management of such cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiying Cai
- grid.256112.30000 0004 1797 9307 Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yanting Que
- grid.256112.30000 0004 1797 9307College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xuemei Chen
- grid.256112.30000 0004 1797 9307 Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuqing Chen
- grid.256112.30000 0004 1797 9307 Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bin Liang
- grid.256112.30000 0004 1797 9307 Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hailong Huang
- grid.256112.30000 0004 1797 9307 Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liangpu Xu
- grid.256112.30000 0004 1797 9307 Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou, China
| | - Na Lin
- grid.256112.30000 0004 1797 9307 Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou, China
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17
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Wang T, Kim CN, Bakken TE, Gillentine MA, Henning B, Mao Y, Gilissen C, Nowakowski TJ, Eichler EE. Integrated gene analyses of de novo variants from 46,612 trios with autism and developmental disorders. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2203491119. [PMID: 36350923 PMCID: PMC9674258 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2203491119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Most genetic studies consider autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and developmental disorder (DD) separately despite overwhelming comorbidity and shared genetic etiology. Here, we analyzed de novo variants (DNVs) from 15,560 ASD (6,557 from SPARK) and 31,052 DD trios independently and also combined as broader neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) using three models. We identify 615 NDD candidate genes (false discovery rate [FDR] < 0.05) supported by ≥1 models, including 138 reaching Bonferroni exome-wide significance (P < 3.64e-7) in all models. The genes group into five functional networks associating with different brain developmental lineages based on single-cell nuclei transcriptomic data. We find no evidence for ASD-specific genes in contrast to 18 genes significantly enriched for DD. There are 53 genes that show mutational bias, including enrichments for missense (n = 41) or truncating (n = 12) DNVs. We also find 10 genes with evidence of male- or female-bias enrichment, including 4 X chromosome genes with significant female burden (DDX3X, MECP2, WDR45, and HDAC8). This large-scale integrative analysis identifies candidates and functional subsets of NDD genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyun Wang
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education of China & National Health Commission of China, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Chang N. Kim
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | | | - Madelyn A. Gillentine
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Barbara Henning
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Yafei Mao
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Christian Gilissen
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Tomasz J. Nowakowski
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Evan E. Eichler
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195
- HHMI, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
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18
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Chen Y, Fan J, Xiao D, Li X. The role of SCAMP5 in central nervous system diseases. Neurol Res 2022; 44:1024-1037. [PMID: 36217917 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2022.2107754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Secretory carrier membrane proteins (SCAMPs) constitute a group of membrane transport proteins in plants, insects and mammals. The mammalian genome contains five types of SCAMP genes, namely, SCAMP1-SCAMP5. SCAMPs participate in the vesicle cycling fusion of vesicles and cell membranes and play roles in regulating exocytosis and endocytosis, activating synaptic function and transmitting nerve signals. Among these proteins, SCAMP5 is highly expressed in the brain and has direct or indirect effects on the function of the central nervous system. This paper may allow us to better understand the role of SCAMP5 in the central nervous system diseases. SCAMP5 regulates membrane transport, controls the exocytosis of SVs and is related to secretion carrier and membrane function. In addition, SCAMP5 plays a major role in the normal maintenance of the physiological functions of nerve cells. This article summarizes the effects of SCAMP5 on nerve cell exocytosis, endocytosis and synaptic function, as well as the relationship between SCAMP5 and various neurological diseases, to better understand the role of SCAMP5 in the pathogenesis of neurological diseases. METHODS Through PubMed, this paper examined and analyzed the role of SCAMP5 in the central nervous system, as well as the relationship between SCAMP5 and various neurological diseases using the key terms "secretory carrier membrane proteins"," SCAMP5"," exocytosis"," endocytosis", "synaptic function", "central nervous system diseases" up to 01 March 2022. RESULTS SCAMP5 regulates membrane transport, controls the exocytosis of SVs and is related to secretion carrier and membrane function. In addition, SCAMP5 plays a major role in the normal maintenance of the physiological functions of nerve cells. CONCLUSION This article summarizes the effects of SCAMP5 on nerve cell exocytosis, endocytosis and synaptic function, as well as the relationship between SCAMP5 and various neurological diseases, to better understand the role of SCAMP5 in the pathogenesis of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Chen
- Department of Emergency, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiali Fan
- Department of Emergency, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dongqiong Xiao
- Department of Emergency, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xihong Li
- Department of Emergency, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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19
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Ka M, Moffat JJ, Kim WY. MACF1, Involved in the 1p34.2p34.3 Microdeletion Syndrome, is Essential in Cortical Progenitor Polarity and Brain Integrity. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2022; 42:2187-2204. [PMID: 33871731 PMCID: PMC8523589 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01088-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
1p34.2p34.3 deletion syndrome is characterized by an increased risk for autism. Microtubule Actin Crosslinking Factor 1 (MACF1) is one candidate gene for this syndrome. It is unclear, however, how MACF1 deletion is linked to brain development and neurodevelopmental deficits. Here we report on Macf1 deletion in the developing mouse cerebral cortex, focusing on radial glia polarity and morphological integrity, as these are critical factors in brain formation. We found that deleting Macf1 during cortical development resulted in double cortex/subcortical band heterotopia as well as disrupted cortical lamination. Macf1-deleted radial progenitors showed increased proliferation rates compared to control cells but failed to remain confined within their defined proliferation zone in the developing brain. The overproliferation of Macf1-deleted radial progenitors was associated with elevated cell cycle speed and re-entry. Microtubule stability and actin polymerization along the apical ventricular area were decreased in the Macf1 mutant cortex. Correspondingly, there was a disconnection between radial glial fibers and the apical and pial surfaces. Finally, we observed that Macf1-mutant mice exhibited social deficits and aberrant emotional behaviors. Together, these results suggest that MACF1 plays a critical role in cortical progenitor proliferation and localization by promoting glial fiber stabilization and polarization. Our findings may provide insights into the pathogenic mechanism underlying the 1p34.2p34.3 deletion syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhan Ka
- Research Center for Substance Abuse Pharmacology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeffrey J Moffat
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Woo-Yang Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA.
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20
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Banerjee S, Munshi A, Li C, Ayub M. Editorial: Developmental delay and intellectual disability. Front Genet 2022; 13:934815. [PMID: 36159972 PMCID: PMC9493353 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.934815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Santasree Banerjee
- Department of Genetics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Santasree Banerjee,
| | - Anjana Munshi
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Chen Li
- School of Medicine, Graduate School, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic and Developmental Disorders, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Ayub
- Department of Psychiatry, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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21
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Wójtowicz A, Madetko-Talowska A, Wójtowicz W, Szewczyk K, Huras H, Bik-Multanowski M. Cardiovascular Anomalies among 1005 Fetuses Referred to Invasive Prenatal Testing-A Comprehensive Cohort Study of Associated Chromosomal Aberrations. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10019. [PMID: 36011653 PMCID: PMC9408756 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This retrospective cohort study comprehensively evaluates cardiovascular anomalies (CVAs) and associated extracardiac structural malformations (ECMs) among 1005 fetuses undergoing invasive prenatal testing at a single tertiary Polish center in the context of chromosomal aberrations detected in them by array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) and G-band karyotyping. The results of our study show that CVAs are among the most common malformations detected in fetuses undergoing invasive prenatal testing, as they affected 20% of all cases seen in our department. Septal defects predominated among fetuses with numerical aberrations, while conotruncal defects were the most common findings among fetuses with pathogenic copy number variants (CNVs). In 61% of cases, CVAs were associated with ECMs (the diagnosis was confirmed postnatally or in cases of pregnancy termination by means of autopsy). The most common ECMs were anomalies of the face and neck, followed by skeletal defects. In total, pathogenic chromosomal aberrations were found in 47.5% of CVAs cases, including 38.6% with numerical chromosomal aberrations. Pathogenic CNVs accounted for 14.5% of cases with CVAs and normal karyotype. Thus, our study highlights the importance of assessing the anatomy of the fetus, and of the genetic testing (preferably aCGH) that should be offered in all CVA and ECM cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wójtowicz
- Department of Obstetrics & Perinatology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-501 Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Madetko-Talowska
- Department of Medical Genetics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-663 Kraków, Poland
| | - Wojciech Wójtowicz
- Information Technology Systems Department, Faculty of Management and Social Communication, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Szewczyk
- Department of Medical Genetics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-663 Kraków, Poland
| | - Hubert Huras
- Department of Obstetrics & Perinatology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-501 Kraków, Poland
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22
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Xu L, Zhou Y, Ren X, Xu C, Ren R, Yan X, Li X, Yang H, Xu X, Guo X, Sheng G, Hua Y, Yuan Z, Wang S, Gu W, Sun D, Gao F. Expanding the Phenotypic and Genotypic Spectrum of ARFGEF1-Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:862096. [PMID: 35782386 PMCID: PMC9248374 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.862096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Mono-allelic loss-of-function variants in ARFGEF1 have recently caused a developmental delay, intellectual disability, and epilepsy, with varying clinical expressivity. However, given the clinical heterogeneity and low-penetrance mutations of ARFGEF1-related neurodevelopmental disorder, the robustness of the gene-disease association requires additional evidence. In this study, five novel heterozygous ARFGEF1 variants were identified in five unrelated pediatric patients with neurodevelopmental disorders, including one missense change (c.3539T>G), two canonical splice site variants (c.917-1G>T, c.2850+2T>A), and two frameshift (c.2923_c.2924delCT, c.4951delG) mutations resulting in truncation of ARFGEF1. The pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants presented here will be highly beneficial to patients undergoing genetic testing in the future by providing an expanded reference list of disease-causing variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Xu
- Department of Neurology, National Clinical Research Centre for Child Health, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Youfeng Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ren
- Department of Neurology, National Clinical Research Centre for Child Health, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenlu Xu
- Beijing Chigene Translational Medical Research Centre Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Rongna Ren
- Department of Pediatrics and Neurosurgery, 900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xuke Yan
- Department of Neurology, National Clinical Research Centre for Child Health, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuelian Li
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Huimin Yang
- Department of Pediatric, Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - Xuebin Xu
- Department of Neurology, National Clinical Research Centre for Child Health, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaotong Guo
- Department of Neurology, National Clinical Research Centre for Child Health, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guoxia Sheng
- Department of Neurology, National Clinical Research Centre for Child Health, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Hua
- Department of Neurology, National Clinical Research Centre for Child Health, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhefeng Yuan
- Department of Neurology, National Clinical Research Centre for Child Health, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shugang Wang
- Beijing Chigene Translational Medical Research Centre Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Weiyue Gu
- Beijing Chigene Translational Medical Research Centre Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Weiyue Gu
| | - Dan Sun
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Dan Sun
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Neurology, National Clinical Research Centre for Child Health, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Feng Gao
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23
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Wang X, Dai MX, Murray A, Liu SY, Chen JJ, Lin LZ, Jing J, Auyeung B. Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the children's empathy quotient and systemizing quotient: 4-12 years. Autism Res 2022; 15:1675-1685. [PMID: 35611766 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to validate the Children's Empathy Quotient (EQ-C) and Systemizing Quotient (SQ-C) in Mainland China, which can reflect the profiles of empathizing and systemizing, and describing specific characteristics of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and gender-typical behaviors in general population. A total of 800 typically developing (TD) children, aged 4-12 years was recruited initially with whose parents/guardians complete the measurements, and 782 TD children who met inclusion criteria were finally included. A 23-item three-factor EQ-C and a 22-item four-factor SQ-C was developed with good internal consistency (Omega total values of 0.87 and 0.86) and test-retest reliability (Pearson correlation coefficients of 0.82 and 0.69). In TD children, girls scored significantly higher on EQ-C (31.4 ± 7.8 vs. 28.2 ± 7.7) but there were no gender differences in SQ-C scores. TD children showed different cognitive styles (empathizing-dominant for girls with 42.6% identified as Type E; systemizing-dominant for boys with 40.7% identified as Type S). A further sample of 222 children with ASD indicated that they scored lower on EQ/SQ-C compared to TD children (13.2 ± 5.1 vs. 29.7 ± 7.9, 12.4 ± 5.8 vs. 23.5 ± 8.3) and were generally systemizing-dominant (Type S: 50.8% for boys and 64.0% for girls). Autistic children scored higher on the SQ-C in those without intellectual disability and with higher paternal education level and family income (14.2 ± 6.1 vs. 10.9 ± 5.0, 13.3 ± 6.2 vs. 11.5 ± 5.1, 13.7 ± 5.6 vs. 11.9 ± 5.8), while there were no differences in the EQ-C. This study indicated good reliability and validity of the Chinese version of EQ/SQ-C, which can be used in Chinese children with and without ASD. LAY SUMMARY: We developed the Chinese version of the Children's Empathy Quotient (EQ-C) and Systemizing Quotient (SQ-C) in 782 typically developing (TD) children aged 4-12 years in Mainland China, yielding a 23-item, 3-factor EQ-C and a 22-item, 4-factor SQ-C with good psychometric properties. In TD children, we found gender difference only in scores of EQ-C. Further analyses of 222 autistic children indicated that differences were found in scores of SQ-C when considering their gender, intelligence and socio-economic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Research Center of Children and Adolescent Psychological and Behavioral Development, Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mei-Xia Dai
- Department of Children's Healthcare and Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Aja Murray
- Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Si-Yu Liu
- Research Center of Children and Adolescent Psychological and Behavioral Development, Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia-Jie Chen
- Research Center of Children and Adolescent Psychological and Behavioral Development, Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li-Zi Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Jing
- Research Center of Children and Adolescent Psychological and Behavioral Development, Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bonnie Auyeung
- Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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24
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Cannon TD. Psychosis, schizophrenia, and states vs. traits. Schizophr Res 2022; 242:12-14. [PMID: 34920909 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tyrone D Cannon
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, United States of America.
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25
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Borilli MC, Germano CMR, de Avó LRDS, Pilotto RF, Melo DG. Family quality of life among families who have children with mild intellectual disability associated with mild autism spectrum disorder. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2022; 80:360-367. [PMID: 35293554 DOI: 10.1590/0004-282x-anp-2020-0537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intellectual disability (ID) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are often concomitant childhood developmental disorders. These disorders can alter family quality of life (FQoL). OBJECTIVE To investigate FQoL among families who have children with mild ID, associated with mild ASD. METHODS Cross-sectional descriptive study with 69 families who have children with mild ID and ASD, ranging from six to 16 years old, and who were provided with disability-related services in Brazil. Data were collected using a family sociodemographic questionnaire, an ID and ASD personal profile form, the Barthel index for activities of daily living and the Beach Center FQoL scale. RESULTS People with ID and ASD had an average score of 88.2±11.5 in the Barthel index, thus indicating moderate dependency in basic activities of daily living. The average total FQoL score (3.56±0.34) was lower than the scores for the "family interaction" (3.91±0.42; p<0.001), "parenting" (3.79±0.35; p<0.001) and "disability-related support" (3.98±0.16; p<0.001) domains; and higher than the scores for the "physical/material well-being" (3.19±0.64; p<0.001) and "emotional wellbeing" (2.75±0.62; p<0.001) domains. Parents' marital condition, monthly family income, family religious practice and effective communication skills among the people with ID and ASD were predictors for FQoL (R2=0.407; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS FQoL was sustained through factors such as family interaction and parents' care for their children. Improving families' emotional wellbeing and physical and material conditions is likely to positively affect the FQoL of these families.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carla Maria Ramos Germano
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, São Carlos SP, Brazil.,Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Departamento de Medicina, São Carlos SP, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Genética Médica Populacional, Porto Alegre RS, Brazil
| | - Lucimar Retto da Silva de Avó
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Departamento de Medicina, São Carlos SP, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Genética Médica Populacional, Porto Alegre RS, Brazil
| | | | - Débora Gusmão Melo
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, São Carlos SP, Brazil.,Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Departamento de Medicina, São Carlos SP, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Genética Médica Populacional, Porto Alegre RS, Brazil
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26
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De Novo Mutation in KMT2C Manifesting as Kleefstra Syndrome 2: Case Report and Literature Review. Pediatr Rep 2022; 14:131-139. [PMID: 35324822 PMCID: PMC8954887 DOI: 10.3390/pediatric14010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diagnosis of pediatric intellectual disability (ID) can be difficult because it is due to a vast number of established and novel causes. Here, we described a full-term female infant affected by Kleefstra syndrome-2 presenting with neurodevelopmental disorder, a history of hypotonia and minor face anomalies. A systematic literature review was also performed. The patient was a 6-year-old Caucasian female. In the family history there was no intellectual disability or genetic conditions. Auxological parameters at birth were adequate for gestational age. Clinical evaluation at 6 months revealed hypotonia and, successively, delay in the acquisition of the stages of psychomotor development. Auditory, visual, somatosensory, and motor-evoked potentials were normal. A brain MRI, performed at 9 months, showed minimal gliotic changes in bilateral occipital periventricular white matter. Neuropsychiatric control, performed at 5 years, established a definitive diagnosis of childhood autism and developmental delay. Molecular analysis of the exome revealed a novel KMT2C missense variant: c.9244C > T (p.Pro3082Ser) at a heterozygous state, giving her a diagnosis of Kleefstra syndrome 2. Parents did not show the variant. Literature review (four retrieved eligible studies, 10 patients) showed that all individuals had mild, moderate, or severe ID; language and motor delay; and autism. Short stature, microcephaly, childhood hypotonia and plagiocephaly were also present. Conclusion. Kleefstra syndrome 2 is a difficult diagnosis of a rare condition with a high clinical phenotypic heterogeneity. This study suggests that it must be taken in account in the work-up of an orphan diagnosis of intellectual disability and/or autism spectrum disorder.
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27
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FMRP Sustains Presynaptic Function via Control of Activity-Dependent Bulk Endocytosis. J Neurosci 2022; 42:1618-1628. [PMID: 34996816 PMCID: PMC8883869 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0852-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptic vesicle (SV) recycling is essential for the maintenance of neurotransmission, with a number of neurodevelopmental disorders linked to defects in this process. Fragile X syndrome (FXS) results from a loss of fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) encoded by the FMR1 gene. Hyperexcitability of neuronal circuits is a key feature of FXS, therefore we investigated whether SV recycling was affected by the absence of FMRP during increased neuronal activity. We revealed that primary neuronal cultures from male Fmr1 knock-out (KO) rats display a specific defect in activity-dependent bulk endocytosis (ADBE). ADBE is dominant during intense neuronal activity, and this defect resulted in an inability of Fmr1 KO neurons to sustain SV recycling during trains of high-frequency stimulation. Using a molecular replacement strategy, we also revealed that a human FMRP mutant that cannot bind BK channels failed to correct ADBE dysfunction in KO neurons, however this dysfunction was corrected by BK channel agonists. Therefore, FMRP performs a key role in sustaining neurotransmitter release via selective control of ADBE, suggesting intervention via this endocytosis mode may correct the hyperexcitability observed in FXS.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Loss of fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) results in fragile X syndrome (FXS), however whether its loss has a direct role in neurotransmitter release remains a matter of debate. We demonstrate that neurons lacking FMRP display a specific defect in a mechanism that sustains neurotransmitter release during intense neuronal firing, called activity-dependent bulk endocytosis (ADBE). This discovery provides key insights into mechanisms of brain communication that occur because of loss of FMRP function. Importantly it also reveals ADBE as a potential therapeutic target to correct the circuit hyperexcitability observed in FXS.
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28
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Kumble S, Levy AM, Punetha J, Gao H, Ah Mew N, Anyane-Yeboa K, Benke PJ, Berger SM, Bjerglund L, Campos-Xavier B, Ciliberto M, Cohen JS, Comi AM, Curry C, Damaj L, Denommé-Pichon AS, Emrick L, Faivre L, Fasano MB, Fiévet A, Finkel RS, García-Miñaúr S, Gerard A, Gomez-Puertas P, Guillen Sacoto MJ, Hoffman TL, Howard L, Iglesias AD, Izumi K, Larson A, Leiber A, Lozano R, Marcos-Alcalde I, Mintz CS, Mullegama SV, Møller RS, Odent S, Oppermann H, Ostergaard E, Pacio-Míguez M, Palomares-Bralo M, Parikh S, Paulson AM, Platzer K, Posey JE, Potocki L, Revah-Politi A, Rio M, Ritter AL, Robinson S, Rosenfeld JA, Santos-Simarro F, Sousa SB, Wéber M, Xie Y, Chung WK, Brown NJ, Tümer Z. The clinical and molecular spectrum of QRICH1 associated neurodevelopmental disorder. Hum Mutat 2022; 43:266-282. [PMID: 34859529 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
De novo variants in QRICH1 (Glutamine-rich protein 1) has recently been reported in 11 individuals with intellectual disability (ID). The function of QRICH1 is largely unknown but it is likely to play a key role in the unfolded response of endoplasmic reticulum stress through transcriptional control of proteostasis. In this study, we present 27 additional individuals and delineate the clinical and molecular spectrum of the individuals (n = 38) with QRICH1 variants. The main clinical features were mild to moderate developmental delay/ID (71%), nonspecific facial dysmorphism (92%) and hypotonia (39%). Additional findings included poor weight gain (29%), short stature (29%), autism spectrum disorder (29%), seizures (24%) and scoliosis (18%). Minor structural brain abnormalities were reported in 52% of the individuals with brain imaging. Truncating or splice variants were found in 28 individuals and 10 had missense variants. Four variants were inherited from mildly affected parents. This study confirms that heterozygous QRICH1 variants cause a neurodevelopmental disorder including short stature and expands the phenotypic spectrum to include poor weight gain, scoliosis, hypotonia, minor structural brain anomalies, and seizures. Inherited variants from mildly affected parents are reported for the first time, suggesting variable expressivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smitha Kumble
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Amanda M Levy
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Kennedy Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jaya Punetha
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Hua Gao
- Department of Review Analysis, GeneDx LLC, Maryland, USA
| | - Nicholas Ah Mew
- Rare Disease Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Kwame Anyane-Yeboa
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Paul J Benke
- Division of Genetics, Joe DiMaggio Children's Hospital, Hollywood, Florida, USA
| | - Sara M Berger
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Lise Bjerglund
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Belinda Campos-Xavier
- Medical Genetics Unit, Hospital Pediátrico, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael Ciliberto
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Julie S Cohen
- Department of Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Anne M Comi
- Department of Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Cynthia Curry
- Deptartment of Pediatrics, Genetic Medicine, UCSF/Fresno, Fresno, California, USA
| | - Lena Damaj
- Service de pédiatrie et de génétique clinique, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Denommé-Pichon
- INSERM UMR1231 Equipe GAD, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- Unité Fonctionnelle Innovation en Diagnostic génomique des maladies rares, FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Lisa Emrick
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Division of Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Laurence Faivre
- Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, FHU TRANSLAD, Hôpital d'Enfants, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
- Inserm UMR1231 GAD, Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Mary Beth Fasano
- Internal Medicine & Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Alice Fiévet
- Laboratoire de biologie médicale multisites Seqoia-FMG2025, Paris, France
- Service Génétique des Tumeurs, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Richard S Finkel
- Nemours Children's Hospital, Orlando, Florida, USA
- Center for Experimental Neurotherapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sixto García-Miñaúr
- Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM), La Paz University Hospital, Idipaz, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER, U753), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Amanda Gerard
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Paulino Gomez-Puertas
- Molecular Modelling Group, Severo Ochoa Molecular Biology Centre (CBMSO, CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Trevor L Hoffman
- Regional Department of Genetics, Southern California Kaiser Permanente Medical Group, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Lillian Howard
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Alejandro D Iglesias
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Kosuke Izumi
- Divison of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Austin Larson
- Section of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Anja Leiber
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Childrens Hospital of Eastern Switzerland St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Reymundo Lozano
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Iñigo Marcos-Alcalde
- Molecular Modelling Group, Severo Ochoa Molecular Biology Centre (CBMSO, CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Biosciences Research Institute, School of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cassie S Mintz
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
| | | | - Rikke S Møller
- Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Treatment, The Danish Epilepsy Centre, Dianalund, Denmark
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Sylvie Odent
- CHU Rennes, Hôpital Sud, Service de Génétique Clinique, Univ Rennes, CNRS IGDR UMR 6290, Centre de référence Anomalies du développement CLAD-Ouest, ERN ITHACA, Rennes, France
| | - Henry Oppermann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Elsebet Ostergaard
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marta Pacio-Míguez
- Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM), La Paz University Hospital, Idipaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Palomares-Bralo
- Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM), La Paz University Hospital, Idipaz, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER, U753), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sumit Parikh
- Mitochondrial Medicine & Neurogenetics, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Anna M Paulson
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Konrad Platzer
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jennifer E Posey
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lorraine Potocki
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Anya Revah-Politi
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York City, New York, USA
- Precision Genomics Laboratory, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Marlene Rio
- Service de Génétique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France
| | - Alyssa L Ritter
- Divison of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Scott Robinson
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Jill A Rosenfeld
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Baylor Genetics Laboratories, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Fernando Santos-Simarro
- Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM), La Paz University Hospital, Idipaz, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER, U753), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sérgio B Sousa
- Medical Genetics Unit, Hospital Pediátrico, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- University Clinic of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mathys Wéber
- Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, FHU TRANSLAD, Hôpital d'Enfants, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Yili Xie
- Clinical Genomics Program, GeneDx, Maryland, USA
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Natasha J Brown
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Zeynep Tümer
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Kennedy Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Levy T, Lerman B, Halpern D, Frank Y, Layton C, Zweifach J, Siper PM, Buxbaum JD, Kolevzon A. OUP accepted manuscript. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:2582-2594. [PMID: 35271727 PMCID: PMC9396938 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
CHAMP1-related neurodevelopmental disorder, or CHAMP1 disorder, is a recently described genetic syndrome associated with developmental delay, intellectual disability, behavioral symptoms, medical comorbidities, and dysmorphic features. To date, literature has focused on medical review and dysmorphology but has yet to prospectively assess neurobehavioral core domains such as autism, or behavioral, language, cognitive, and sensory features. Here, we present deep phenotyping results for 11 individuals with CHAMP1 disorder, based on approximately 12 hours of remote clinician-administered assessments and standardized caregiver questionnaires. Diagnoses of autism spectrum disorder were given to 33% of participants; repetitive behaviors and sensory-seeking symptoms were prominent in this cohort. In addition, 60% of participants met the criteria for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). High rates of ADHD and relatively low rates of treatment suggest potential areas for intervention. This study represents the first prospective phenotyping analysis of individuals with CHAMP1 disorder. The utility of specific measures as clinical endpoints, as well as benefits and limitations of remote phenotyping, are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tess Levy
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Bonnie Lerman
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Danielle Halpern
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Yitzchak Frank
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Christina Layton
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jessica Zweifach
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Paige M Siper
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Joseph D Buxbaum
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at: One Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA. Tel: +1 2122410961; Fax: +1 2122415670;
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30
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Dai L, Zhang D, Wu Z, Guan X, Ma M, Li L, Zhang Y, Bai Y, Guo H. A Tiered Genetic Screening Strategy for the Molecular Diagnosis of Intellectual Disability in Chinese Patients. Front Genet 2021; 12:669217. [PMID: 34630504 PMCID: PMC8495063 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.669217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Intellectual disability (ID) is one of the most common developmental disabilities. To identify the genetic etiology of IDs in Chongqing, we conducted a multistage study in Chinese Han patients. Methods: We collected the clinical and etiological data of 1665 ID patients, including 1,604 from the disabled children evaluation center and 61 from the pediatric rehabilitation unit. Routine genetic screening results were obtained, including karyotype and candidate gene analysis. Then 105 idiopathic cases with syndromic and severe ID/developmental delay (DD) were selected and tested by chromosomal microarray (CMA) and whole exome sequencing (WES) sequentially. The pathogenicity of the CNVs and SNVs were evaluated according to ACMG guidelines. Results: Molecular diagnosis was made by routine genetic screening in 216 patients, including 196 chromosomal syndromes. Among the 105 idiopathic patients, 49 patients with pathogenic/likely pathogenic CNVs and 21 patients with VUS were identified by CMA. Twenty-six pathogenic CNVs underlying well-known syndromic cases, such as Williams-Beuren syndrome, were confirmed by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA). Nine novel mutations were identified by WES in thirty-fix CNV-negative ID cases. Conclusions: The study illustrated the genetic aberrations distribution of a large ID cohort in Chongqing. Compared with conventional or single methods, a tiered high-throughput diagnostic strategy was developed to greatly improve the diagnostic yields and extend the variation spectrum for idiopathic syndromic ID cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limeng Dai
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Science, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Danyan Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Science, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Population and Family Planning Science and Technology Research Institute/NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhifeng Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xingying Guan
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Science, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingfu Ma
- Chongqing Population and Family Planning Science and Technology Research Institute/NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health, Chongqing, China
| | - Lianbing Li
- Chongqing Population and Family Planning Science and Technology Research Institute/NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuping Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yun Bai
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Science, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Guo
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Science, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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31
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Carollo A, Bonassi A, Lim M, Gabrieli G, Setoh P, Dimitriou D, Aryadoust V, Esposito G. Developmental disabilities across the world: A scientometric review from 1936 to 2020. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2021; 117:104031. [PMID: 34333315 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2021.104031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developmental disabilities have been largely studied in the past years. Their etiological mechanisms have been underpinned to the interactions between genetic and environmental factors. These factors show variability across the world. Thus, it is important to understand where the set of knowledge obtained on developmental disabilities originates from and whether it is generalizable to low- and middle-income countries. AIMS This study aims to understand the origins of the available literature on developmental disabilities, keeping a focus on parenting, and identify the main trend of research. METHODS AND PROCEDURE A sample of 11,315 publications from 1936 to 2020 were collected from Scopus and a graphical country analysis was conducted. Furthermore, a qualitative approach enabled the clustering of references by keywords into four main areas: "Expression of the disorder", "Physiological Factors", "How it is studied" and "Environmental factors". For each area, a document co-citation analysis (DCA) on CiteSpace software was performed. OUTCOMES AND RESULTS Results highlight the leading role of North America in the study of developmental disabilities. Trends in the literature and the documents' scientific relevance are discussed in details. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Results demand for investigation in different socio-economical settings to generalize our knowledge. What this paper adds? The current paper tries to provide insight into the origins of the literature on developmental disabilities with a focus on parenting, together with an analysis of the trends of research in the field. The paper consisted of a multi-disciplinary and multi-method review. In fact, the review tried to integrate the analysis of the relation between developmental disabilities with a closer look at the scientific contributions to the field across the world. Specifically, the paper integrates a total of 11,315 papers published on almost a century of research (from 1936 to 2020). An initial qualitative analysis on keywords was combined to a subsequent quantitative approach in order to maximize the comprehension of the impact of almost a century of scientific contributions. Specifically, documents were studied with temporal and structural metrics on a scientometric approach. This allowed the exploration of patterns within the literature available on Scopus in a quantitative way. This method not only assessed the importance of single documents within the network. As a matter of fact, the document co-citation analysis used on CiteSpace software provided insight into the relations existing between multiple documents in the field of research. As a result, the leading role of North America in the literature of developmental disabilities and parenting emerged. This was accompanied by the review of the main trends of research within the existing literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Carollo
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Andrea Bonassi
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy; Mobile and Social Computing Lab, Bruno Kessler Foundation, Trento, Italy
| | - Mengyu Lim
- Psychology Program, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Giulio Gabrieli
- Psychology Program, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peipei Setoh
- Psychology Program, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dagmara Dimitriou
- Sleep Research and Education Laboratory, UCL Institute of Education, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vahid Aryadoust
- National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gianluca Esposito
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy; Psychology Program, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
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32
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Burger P, Coutelle R, Strehle A, Colin F, Collot N, Koolen D, Kleefstra T, Mandel JL. GenIDA : l’histoire naturelle et les comorbidités des troubles du neurodéveloppement d’origine génétique. ENFANCE 2021. [DOI: 10.3917/enf2.213.0229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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33
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Subrahmanyam R, Dwivedi D, Rashid Z, Bonnycastle K, Cousin MA, Chattarji S. Reciprocal regulation of spontaneous synaptic vesicle fusion by Fragile X mental retardation protein and group I metabotropic glutamate receptors. J Neurochem 2021; 158:1094-1109. [PMID: 34327719 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) is a neuronal protein mediating multiple functions, with its absence resulting in one of the most common monogenic causes of autism, Fragile X syndrome (FXS). Analyses of FXS pathophysiology have identified a range of aberrations in synaptic signaling pathways and plasticity associated with group I metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors. These studies, however, have mostly focused on the post-synaptic functions of FMRP and mGlu receptor activation, and relatively little is known about their presynaptic effects. Neurotransmitter release is mediated via multiple forms of synaptic vesicle (SV) fusion, each of which contributes to specific neuronal functions. The impacts of mGlu receptor activation and loss of FMRP on these SV fusion events remain unexplored. Here we combined electrophysiological and fluorescence imaging analyses on primary hippocampal cultures prepared from an Fmr1 knockout (KO) rat model. Compared to wild-type (WT) hippocampal neurons, KO neurons displayed an increase in the frequency of spontaneous excitatory post-synaptic currents (sEPSCs), as well as spontaneous SV fusion events. Pharmacological activation of mGlu receptors in WT neurons caused a similar increase in spontaneous SV fusion and sEPSC frequency. Notably, this increase in SV fusion was not observed when spontaneous activity was blocked using the sodium channel antagonist tetrodotoxin. Importantly, the effect of mGlu receptor activation on spontaneous SV fusion was occluded in Fmr1 KO neurons. Together, our results reveal that FMRP represses spontaneous presynaptic SV fusion, whereas mGlu receptor activation increases this event. This reciprocal control appears to be mediated via their regulation of intrinsic neuronal excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohini Subrahmanyam
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Deepanjali Dwivedi
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Zubin Rashid
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Katherine Bonnycastle
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,The Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Michael A Cousin
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,The Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sumantra Chattarji
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru, India.,Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,The Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Centre for Brain Development and Repair, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bengaluru, India
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34
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Semino F, Schröter J, Willemsen MH, Bast T, Biskup S, Beck-Woedl S, Brennenstuhl H, Schaaf CP, Kölker S, Hoffmann GF, Haack TB, Syrbe S. Further evidence for de novo variants in SYNCRIP as the cause of a neurodevelopmental disorder. Hum Mutat 2021; 42:1094-1100. [PMID: 34157790 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
SYNCRIP encodes for the Synaptotagmin-binding cytoplasmic RNA-interacting protein, involved in RNA-binding and regulation of multiple cellular pathways. It has been proposed as a candidate gene for neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), intellectual disability (ID), and epilepsy. We ascertained genetic, clinical, and neuroradiological data of three additional individuals with novel de novo SYNCRIP variants. All individuals had ID. Autistic features were observed in two. One individual showed myoclonic-atonic epilepsy. Neuroradiological features comprised periventricular nodular heterotopia and widening of subarachnoid spaces. Two frameshift variants in the more severely affected individuals, likely result in haploinsufficiency. The third missense variant lies in the conserved RNA recognition motif (RRM) 2 domain likely affecting RNA-binding. Our findings support the importance of RRM domains for SYNCRIP functionality and suggest genotype-phenotype correlations. Our study provides further evidence for a SYNCRIP-associated NDD characterized by ID and ASD sporadically accompanied by malformations of cortical development and myoclonic-atonic epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Semino
- Division of Pediatric Epileptology, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julian Schröter
- Division of Pediatric Epileptology, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marjolein H Willemsen
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Bast
- Epilepsy Center Kork, Kehl, Germany.,Medical Faculty of the University of Freiburg, Kehl, Germany
| | - Saskia Biskup
- Praxis für Humangenetik Tübingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,CEGAT GmbH, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Beck-Woedl
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Heiko Brennenstuhl
- Division of Neuropediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Kölker
- Division of Neuropediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Georg F Hoffmann
- Division of Neuropediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias B Haack
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Center for Rare Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Steffen Syrbe
- Division of Pediatric Epileptology, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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35
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Negrete-Díaz JV, Falcón-Moya R, Rodríguez-Moreno A. Kainate receptors: from synaptic activity to disease. FEBS J 2021; 289:5074-5088. [PMID: 34143566 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Kainate receptors (KARs) are glutamate receptors that participate in the postsynaptic transmission of information and in the control of neuronal excitability, as well as presynaptically modulating the release of the neurotransmitters GABA and glutamate. These modulatory effects, general follow a biphasic pattern, with low KA concentrations provoking an increase in GABA and glutamate release, and higher concentrations mediating a decrease in the release of these neurotransmitters. In addition, KARs are involved in different forms of long- and short-term plasticity. Importantly, altered activity of these receptors has been implicated in different central nervous system diseases and disturbances. Here, we describe the pre- and postsynaptic actions of KARs, and the possible role of these receptors in disease, a field that has seen significant progress in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Vicente Negrete-Díaz
- Laboratory of Cellular Neuroscience and Plasticity, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain.,Laboratorio de Psicología Experimental y Neurociencias, División de Ciencias de la Salud e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guanajuato, México
| | - Rafael Falcón-Moya
- Laboratory of Cellular Neuroscience and Plasticity, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Moreno
- Laboratory of Cellular Neuroscience and Plasticity, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
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36
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Ramos-Sánchez CP, Kortekaas D, Van Biesen D, Vancampfort D, Van Damme T. The Relationship between Motor Skills and Intelligence in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Autism Dev Disord 2021; 52:1189-1199. [DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-05022-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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37
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Proietti Onori M, van Woerden GM. Role of calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase 2 in neurodevelopmental disorders. Brain Res Bull 2021; 171:209-220. [PMID: 33774142 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders are a complex and heterogeneous group of neurological disorders characterized by their early-onset and estimated to affect more than 3% of children worldwide. The rapid advancement of sequencing technologies in the past years allowed the identification of hundreds of variants in several different genes causing neurodevelopmental disorders. Between those, new variants in the Calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II (CAMK2) genes were recently linked to intellectual disability. Despite many years of research on CAMK2, this proves for the first time that this well-known and highly conserved molecule plays an important role in the human brain. In this review, we give an overview of the identified CAMK2 variants, and we speculate on potential mechanisms through which dysfunctions in CAMK2 result in neurodevelopmental disorders. Additionally, we discuss how the identification of CAMK2 variants might result in new exciting discoveries regarding the function of CAMK2 in the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Proietti Onori
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, 3015 GD, the Netherlands; The ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, 3015 GD, the Netherlands
| | - Geeske M van Woerden
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, 3015 GD, the Netherlands; The ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, 3015 GD, the Netherlands.
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Structure of the FERM domain of a neural scaffold protein FRMPD4 implicated in X-linked intellectual disability. Biochem J 2021; 477:4623-4634. [PMID: 33216857 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Scaffold proteins play crucial roles in orchestrating synaptic signaling and plasticity in the excitatory synapses by providing a structural link between glutamatergic receptors, signaling molecules, and neuronal cytoskeletons. FRMPD4 is a neural scaffold protein that binds to metabotropic glutamate receptors via its FERM domain. Here, we determine the crystal structure of the FERM domain of FRMPD4 at 2.49 Å resolution. The structure reveals that the canonical target binding groove of FRMPD4 FERM is occupied by a conserved fragment C-terminal to the FERM domain, suggesting that the FRMPD4-mGluR interaction may adopt a distinct binding mode. In addition, FRMPD4 FERM does not contain a typical phosphoinositide binding site at the F1/F3 cleft found in ERM family FERM domains, but it possesses a conserved basic residue cluster on the F2 lobe which could bind to lipid effectively. Finally, analysis of mutations that are associated with X-linked intellectual disability suggests that they may compromise the biological function of FRMPD4 by destabilizing the FERM structure.
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Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders are the most prevalent chronic medical conditions encountered in pediatric primary care. In addition to identifying appropriate descriptive diagnoses and guiding families to evidence-based treatments and supports, comprehensive care for individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders includes a search for an underlying etiologic diagnosis, primarily through a genetic evaluation. Identification of an underlying genetic etiology can inform prognosis, clarify recurrence risk, shape clinical management, and direct patients and families to condition-specific resources and supports. Here we review the utility of genetic testing in patients with neurodevelopmental disorders and describe the three major testing modalities and their yields - chromosomal microarray, exome sequencing (with/without copy number variant calling), and FMR1 CGG repeat analysis for fragile X syndrome. Given the diagnostic yield of genetic testing and the potential for clinical and personal utility, there is consensus that genetic testing should be offered to all patients with global developmental delay, intellectual disability, and/or autism spectrum disorder. Despite this recommendation, data suggest that a minority of children with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability have undergone genetic testing. To address this gap in care, we describe a structured but flexible approach to facilitate integration of genetic testing into clinical practice across pediatric specialties and discuss future considerations for genetic testing in neurodevelopmental disorders to prepare pediatric providers to care for patients with such diagnoses today and tomorrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliann M. Savatt
- Autism & Developmental Medicine Institute, Geisinger, Danville, PA, United States
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40
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Biswal S, Parida P, Dubbudu A, Sharawat IK, Panda PK. Chromosome 1p31.1 Deletion Syndrome: Limited Expression. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2021; 24:78-80. [PMID: 33911383 PMCID: PMC8061518 DOI: 10.4103/aian.aian_258_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal microdeletion syndromes usually present with neurological abnormalities, developmental delays, and various systemic abnormalities. 1p31 microdeletion syndrome is one of the novel microdeletion syndromes that usually presents with developmental delay, intellectual disability, various craniofacial abnormalities, and other systemic abnormalities in a proportion of cases. NEGR1 and NFIA are few of the genes present in this locus responsible for these symptoms. However, none of the reported cases had only isolated intellectual disability. Here, we are reporting a case of 1p31 microdeletion syndrome with isolated moderate intellectual disability and hyperactivity in an 11-year-old boy. It is essential for clinicians to be aware of such an atypical presentation of 1p31.1 microdeletion syndrome, to maintain reasonable clinical suspicion in cases with unexplained intellectual disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seba Biswal
- Department of Pediatrics, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneshwar, Odisha, India
| | - Preetinanda Parida
- Department of Pediatrics, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneshwar, Odisha, India
| | - Aranya Dubbudu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneshwar, Odisha, India
| | - Indar Kumar Sharawat
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Neurology Division, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Prateek Kumar Panda
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Neurology Division, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
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41
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Bergmann T, Camatta R, Birkner J, Sappok T. Vision, concretism, repetitism. Typical artistic design features in drawings of adults with autism and intellectual disability. ARTS IN PSYCHOTHERAPY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aip.2020.101723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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42
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Fell CW, Nagy V. Cellular Models and High-Throughput Screening for Genetic Causality of Intellectual Disability. Trends Mol Med 2021; 27:220-230. [PMID: 33397633 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Intellectual disabilities (ID) are a type of neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD). They can have a genetic cause, including an emerging class of ID centring around Rho GTPases, such as Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (RAC1). Guidelines for establishing genetic causality include the use of cellular models, which often have morphological aberrations, a long-standing hallmark of ID. Disease cellular models can facilitate high-throughput screening (HTS) of chemical or genetic perturbations, which can provide translatable biological insight. Here, we discuss a class of IDs centring around RAC1. We review novel and established cellular models of ID, including mouse and human primary cells and reprogrammed or induced neurons. Finally, we review progress and remaining challenges in the adoption of HTS methodologies by the community studying neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher W Fell
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases (LBI-RUD), 1090 Vienna, Austria; Research Centre for Molecular Medicine (CeMM) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna (MUW), 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Vanja Nagy
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases (LBI-RUD), 1090 Vienna, Austria; Research Centre for Molecular Medicine (CeMM) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna (MUW), 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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43
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Niestroj LM, Perez-Palma E, Howrigan DP, Zhou Y, Cheng F, Saarentaus E, Nürnberg P, Stevelink R, Daly MJ, Palotie A, Lal D. Epilepsy subtype-specific copy number burden observed in a genome-wide study of 17 458 subjects. Brain 2020; 143:2106-2118. [PMID: 32568404 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytogenic testing is routinely applied in most neurological centres for severe paediatric epilepsies. However, which characteristics of copy number variants (CNVs) confer most epilepsy risk and which epilepsy subtypes carry the most CNV burden, have not been explored on a genome-wide scale. Here, we present the largest CNV investigation in epilepsy to date with 10 712 European epilepsy cases and 6746 ancestry-matched controls. Patients with genetic generalized epilepsy, lesional focal epilepsy, non-acquired focal epilepsy, and developmental and epileptic encephalopathy were included. All samples were processed with the same technology and analysis pipeline. All investigated epilepsy types, including lesional focal epilepsy patients, showed an increase in CNV burden in at least one tested category compared to controls. However, we observed striking differences in CNV burden across epilepsy types and investigated CNV categories. Genetic generalized epilepsy patients have the highest CNV burden in all categories tested, followed by developmental and epileptic encephalopathy patients. Both epilepsy types also show association for deletions covering genes intolerant for truncating variants. Genome-wide CNV breakpoint association showed not only significant loci for genetic generalized and developmental and epileptic encephalopathy patients but also for lesional focal epilepsy patients. With a 34-fold risk for developing genetic generalized epilepsy, we show for the first time that the established epilepsy-associated 15q13.3 deletion represents the strongest risk CNV for genetic generalized epilepsy across the whole genome. Using the human interactome, we examined the largest connected component of the genes overlapped by CNVs in the four epilepsy types. We observed that genetic generalized epilepsy and non-acquired focal epilepsy formed disease modules. In summary, we show that in all common epilepsy types, 1.5-3% of patients carry epilepsy-associated CNVs. The characteristics of risk CNVs vary tremendously across and within epilepsy types. Thus, we advocate genome-wide genomic testing to identify all disease-associated types of CNVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa-Marie Niestroj
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | - Eduardo Perez-Palma
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | | | - Yadi Zhou
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Feixiong Cheng
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Elmo Saarentaus
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Peter Nürnberg
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | - Remi Stevelink
- Department of Child Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mark J Daly
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland.,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland.,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Dennis Lal
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany.,Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Epilepsy Center, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA
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Cao J, O'Day DR, Pliner HA, Kingsley PD, Deng M, Daza RM, Zager MA, Aldinger KA, Blecher-Gonen R, Zhang F, Spielmann M, Palis J, Doherty D, Steemers FJ, Glass IA, Trapnell C, Shendure J. A human cell atlas of fetal gene expression. Science 2020; 370:370/6518/eaba7721. [PMID: 33184181 DOI: 10.1126/science.aba7721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The gene expression program underlying the specification of human cell types is of fundamental interest. We generated human cell atlases of gene expression and chromatin accessibility in fetal tissues. For gene expression, we applied three-level combinatorial indexing to >110 samples representing 15 organs, ultimately profiling ~4 million single cells. We leveraged the literature and other atlases to identify and annotate hundreds of cell types and subtypes, both within and across tissues. Our analyses focused on organ-specific specializations of broadly distributed cell types (such as blood, endothelial, and epithelial), sites of fetal erythropoiesis (which notably included the adrenal gland), and integration with mouse developmental atlases (such as conserved specification of blood cells). These data represent a rich resource for the exploration of in vivo human gene expression in diverse tissues and cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyue Cao
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Diana R O'Day
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hannah A Pliner
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Paul D Kingsley
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Mei Deng
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Riza M Daza
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael A Zager
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.,Center for Data Visualization, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kimberly A Aldinger
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.,Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ronnie Blecher-Gonen
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Malte Spielmann
- Human Molecular Genomics Group, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - James Palis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Dan Doherty
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.,Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.,Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Ian A Glass
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.,Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.,Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Cole Trapnell
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA. .,Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.,Allen Discovery Center for Cell Lineage Tracing, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jay Shendure
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA. .,Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.,Allen Discovery Center for Cell Lineage Tracing, Seattle, WA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
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45
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Lin L, Zhang Y, Pan H, Wang J, Qi Y, Ma Y. Clinical and genetic characteristics and prenatal diagnosis of patients presented GDD/ID with rare monogenic causes. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2020; 15:317. [PMID: 33176815 PMCID: PMC7656751 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-020-01599-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Global developmental delay/intellectual disability (GDD/ID), used to be named as mental retardation (MR), is one of the most common phenotypes in neurogenetic diseases. In this study, we described the diagnostic courses, clinical and genetic characteristics and prenatal diagnosis of a cohort with patients presented GDD/ID with monogenic causes, from the perspective of a tertiary genetic counseling and prenatal diagnostic center. Method We retrospectively analyzed the diagnostic courses, clinical characteristics, and genetic spectrum of patients presented GDD/ID with rare monogenic causes. We also conducted a follow-up study on prenatal diagnosis in these families. Pathogenicity of variants was interpreted by molecular geneticists and clinicians according to the guidelines of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG). Results Among 81 patients with GDD/ID caused by rare monogenic variants it often took 0.5–4.5 years and 2–8 referrals to obtain genetic diagnoses. Devlopmental delay typically occurred before 3 years of age, and patients usually presented severe to profound GDD/ID. The most common co-existing conditions were epilepsy (58%), microcephaly (21%) and facial anomalies (17%). In total, 111 pathogenic variants were found in 62 different genes among the 81 pedigrees, and 56 variants were novel. The most common inheritance patterns in this outbred Chinese population were autosomal dominant (AD; 47%), following autosomal recessive (AR; 37%), and X-linked (XL; 16%). SCN2A, SHANK3 and STXBP1 were important causal genes. Hot-spot variants were rarely found. By the follow-up, 33 affected families, including 15, 13 and 5 families inherited in AR, AD and XL modes respectively, had undergone prenatal diagnosis. And the recurrence rates are 26.7%, 15.4% and 20% for families inherited in AR, AD, and XL patterns. Conclusion Patients presented with GDD/ID caused by rare single gene variants are characterized by early onset, relatively severe symptoms and great clinical variability and genetic heterogeneity. Timely referrals to genetic counseling and prenatal diagnostic laboratories are important for affected families planning to have additional children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liling Lin
- Department of Central Laboratory, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Hong Pan
- Department of Central Laboratory, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Jingmin Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Yu Qi
- Department of Central Laboratory, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Yinan Ma
- Department of Central Laboratory, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China.
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46
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Farahani M, Rezaei-Tavirani M, Zali A, Zamanian-Azodi M. Systematic Analysis of Protein-Protein and Gene-Environment Interactions to Decipher the Cognitive Mechanisms of Autism Spectrum Disorder. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 42:1091-1103. [PMID: 33165687 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00998-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder resulting from both genetic and environmental risk factors, is manifested by deficits in cognitive function. Elucidating the cognitive disorder-relevant biological mechanisms may open up promising therapeutic approaches. In this work, we mined ASD cognitive phenotype proteins to construct and analyze protein-protein and gene-environment interaction networks. Incorporating the protein-protein interaction (PPI), human cognition proteins, and connections of autism-cognition proteins enabled us to generate an autism-cognition network (ACN). With the topological analysis of ACN, important proteins, highly clustered modules, and 3-node motifs were identified. Moreover, the impact of environmental exposures in cognitive impairment was investigated through chemicals that target the cognition-related proteins. Functional enrichment analysis of the ACN-associated modules and chemical targets revealed biological processes involved in the cognitive deficits of ASD. Among the 17 identified hub-bottlenecks in the ACN, PSD-95 was recognized as an important protein through analyzing the module and motif interactions. PSD-95 and its interacting partners constructed a cognitive-specific module. This hub-bottleneck interacted with the 89 cognition-related 3-node motifs. The identification of gene-environment interactions indicated that most of the cognitive-related proteins interact with bisphenol A (BPA) and valproic acid (VPA). Moreover, we detected significant expression changes of 56 cognitive-specific genes using four ASD microarray datasets in the GEO database, including GSE28521, GSE26415, GSE18123 and GSE29691. Our outcomes suggest future endeavors for dissecting the PSD-95 function in ASD and evaluating the various environmental conditions to discover possible mechanisms of the different levels of cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Farahani
- Proteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 19716-53313, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Rezaei-Tavirani
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 19716-53313, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Alireza Zali
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Zamanian-Azodi
- Proteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 19716-53313, Tehran, Iran
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47
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Rahimzadeh V, Knoppers BM, Bartlett G. Ethical, Legal, and Social Issues (ELSI) of Responsible Data Sharing Involving Children in Genomics: A Systematic Literature Review of Reasons. AJOB Empir Bioeth 2020; 11:233-245. [PMID: 32975491 DOI: 10.1080/23294515.2020.1818875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progress in precision medicine relies on the access to, use of, and exchange of genomic and associated clinical data, including from children. The ethical, legal, and social issues (ELSI) of such data access, use, and exchange may be accentuated in the pediatric context due in part to the highly sensitive nature of genomic data, children's consent-related vulnerabilities, and uncertain risks of reidentification. Systematic analyses of the ELSI and scientific reasons for why and how genomic data may be shared responsibly are, however, limited. Methods: We conducted a modified systematic review of reasons according to Sofaer and Strech to examine the ELSI and scientific reasons for "responsible" sharing of children's genomic and associated clinical data. Empirical articles, commentaries, and data-sharing policies indexed in Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and BIOSIS were included in the analysis if they discussed ELSI and were published between 2003 and 2017 in English. Results: One hundred and fifty-one records met our inclusion criteria. We identified 11 unique reasons and 8 subreasons for why children's genomic data should or should not be shared. Enhancing the prospect of direct and indirect benefits and maximizing the utility of children's data were top reasons why data should be shared. Inadequate data privacy protection was the leading reason why it should not. We furthermore identified 8 reasons and 30 subreasons that support conditional data sharing, in which recontact for the continued use of children's data once they reach the age of majority was the most frequently endorsed condition. Conclusions: The complete list of ELSI reasons and responsible conditions provides an evidentiary basis upon which institutions can develop data-sharing policies. Institutions should encourage the sharing of children's data to advance genomic research, while heeding special reconsent and data protection mechanisms that may help mitigate uncertain longitudinal risks for children and families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Rahimzadeh
- Center for Biomedical Ethics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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48
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Liang Y, Duan L, Xu X, Li X, Liu M, Chen H, Lu J, Xia J. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes for Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:6384-6393. [PMID: 35021769 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent breakthroughs in the field of stem cell therapy have brought hope to the treatment of mental diseases. Animal experiments and clinical studies have shown that transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has a positive effect on the treatment of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, the therapeutic efficacy of the MSC transplants was primarily associated with the signals and molecules secreted by the MSCs. Exosomes, for example, the secreted organelles from MSCs, carry bioactive molecules of the MSCs that are essential for the therapeutic effects in ASD treatment. This then inspires us to explore the intranasal delivery of MSC exosomes to brain tissues for the treatment of ASD. Exosomes from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) that efficiently enter the brain tissue through the intranasal route restore the social ability of the mice and correct the repeated stereotyped behaviors and other abnormal phenotypes in the offspring of valproic acid (VPA)-treated mice, which show autism-like symptoms. The therapeutic efficacy can be attributed at least partially to the anti-inflammatory effect of the MSC exosomes. This work thereby reports brain-specific delivery of hUC-MSC exosomes, as a cell-free therapy to relieve autism-related phenotypes, providing a promising direction for the treatment of mental development disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Liang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Psychological Healthcare & Shenzhen Institute of Mental Health, Shenzhen 518003, China.,Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Li Duan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Intelligent Orthopaedics and Biomedical Innovation Platform, Guangdong Artificial Intelligence Biomedical Innovation Platform, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Intelligent Orthopaedics and Biomedical Innovation Platform, Guangdong Artificial Intelligence Biomedical Innovation Platform, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Xingfu Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Intelligent Orthopaedics and Biomedical Innovation Platform, Guangdong Artificial Intelligence Biomedical Innovation Platform, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hongfei Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jianping Lu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Psychological Healthcare & Shenzhen Institute of Mental Health, Shenzhen 518003, China.,School of Medicine Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Jiang Xia
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Biallelic ZNF407 mutations in a neurodevelopmental disorder with ID, short stature and variable microcephaly, hypotonia, ocular anomalies and facial dysmorphism. J Hum Genet 2020; 65:1115-1123. [PMID: 32737394 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-020-0812-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We describe five members of a consanguineous Pakistani family (Family I) plus two affected children from families of different ethnic origins presenting with neurodevelopmental disorders with overlapping features. All affected individuals from families have intellectual disability (ID), ranging from mild to profound, and reduced motor and cognitive skills plus variable features including short stature, microcephaly, developmental delay, hypotonia, dysarthria, deafness, visual problems, enuresis, encopresis, behavioural anomalies, delayed pubertal onset and facial dysmorphism. We first mapped the disease locus in the large family (Family I), and by exome sequencing identified homozygous ZNF407 c.2814_2816dup (p.Val939dup) in four affected members where DNA samples were available. By exome sequencing we detected homozygous c.2405G>T (p.Gly802Val) in the affected member of Family II and compound heterozygous variants c.2884C>G (p.Arg962Gly) and c.3642G>C (p.Lys1214Asn) in the affected member of Family III. Homozygous c.5054C>G (p.Ser1685Trp) has been reported in two brothers with an ID syndrome. Affected individuals we present did not exhibit synophrys, midface hypoplasia, kyphosis, 5th finger camptodactyly, short 4th metatarsals or limited knee mobility observed in the reported family.
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Bonnycastle K, Davenport EC, Cousin MA. Presynaptic dysfunction in neurodevelopmental disorders: Insights from the synaptic vesicle life cycle. J Neurochem 2020; 157:179-207. [PMID: 32378740 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The activity-dependent fusion, retrieval and recycling of synaptic vesicles is essential for the maintenance of neurotransmission. Until relatively recently it was believed that most mutations in genes that were essential for this process would be incompatible with life, because of this fundamental role. However, an ever-expanding number of mutations in this very cohort of genes are being identified in individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism, intellectual disability and epilepsy. This article will summarize the current state of knowledge linking mutations in presynaptic genes to neurodevelopmental disorders by sequentially covering the various stages of the synaptic vesicle life cycle. It will also discuss how perturbations of specific stages within this recycling process could translate into human disease. Finally, it will also provide perspectives on the potential for future therapy that are targeted to presynaptic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Bonnycastle
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Muir Maxwell Epilepsy Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Elizabeth C Davenport
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Muir Maxwell Epilepsy Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Michael A Cousin
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Muir Maxwell Epilepsy Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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