1
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Wang FC, Ye QJ, Zhu YC, Li XZ. Crystal-Structure Matches in Solid-Solid Phase Transitions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:086101. [PMID: 38457702 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.086101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
The exploration of solid-solid phase transition suffers from the uncertainty of how atoms in two crystal structures match. We devised a theoretical framework to describe and classify crystal-structure matches (CSM). Such description fully exploits the translational and rotational symmetries and is independent of the choice of supercells. This is enabled by the use of the Hermite normal form, an analog of reduced echelon form for integer matrices. With its help, exhausting all CSMs is made possible, which goes beyond the conventional optimization schemes. In an example study of the martensitic transformation of steel, our enumeration algorithm finds many candidate CSMs with lower strains than known mechanisms. Two long-sought CSMs accounting for the most commonly observed Kurdjumov-Sachs orientation relationship and the Nishiyama-Wassermann orientation relationship are unveiled. Given the comprehensiveness and efficiency, our enumeration scheme provide a promising strategy for solid-solid phase transition mechanism research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Cheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, Frontier Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Jun Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, Frontier Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials, Research Center for Light-Element Advanced Materials, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Cheng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, Frontier Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Zheng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, Frontier Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials, Research Center for Light-Element Advanced Materials, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong, Jiangsu 226010, People's Republic of China
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2
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Nguyen-Cong K, Willman JT, Gonzalez JM, Williams AS, Belonoshko AB, Moore SG, Thompson AP, Wood MA, Eggert JH, Millot M, Zepeda-Ruiz LA, Oleynik II. Extreme Metastability of Diamond and its Transformation to the BC8 Post-Diamond Phase of Carbon. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:1152-1160. [PMID: 38269426 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Diamond possesses exceptional physical properties due to its remarkably strong carbon-carbon bonding, leading to significant resilience to structural transformations at very high pressures and temperatures. Despite several experimental attempts, synthesis and recovery of the theoretically predicted post-diamond BC8 phase remains elusive. Through quantum-accurate multimillion atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we have uncovered the extreme metastability of diamond at very high pressures, significantly exceeding its range of thermodynamic stability. We predict the post-diamond BC8 phase to be experimentally accessible only within a narrow high pressure-temperature region of the carbon phase diagram. The diamond to BC8 transformation proceeds through premelting followed by BC8 nucleation and growth in the metastable carbon liquid. We propose a double-shock compression pathway for BC8 synthesis, which is currently being explored in experiments at the National Ignition Facility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kien Nguyen-Cong
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Jonathan T Willman
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Joseph M Gonzalez
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Ashley S Williams
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | | | - Stan G Moore
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Aidan P Thompson
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Mitchell A Wood
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Jon H Eggert
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Marius Millot
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Luis A Zepeda-Ruiz
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Ivan I Oleynik
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
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3
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Lindsey RK, Bastea S, Lyu Y, Hamel S, Goldman N, Fried LE. Chemical evolution in nitrogen shocked beyond the molecular stability limit. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:084502. [PMID: 37622598 DOI: 10.1063/5.0157238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Evolution of nitrogen under shock compression up to 100 GPa is revisited via molecular dynamics simulations using a machine-learned interatomic potential. The model is shown to be capable of recovering the structure, dynamics, speciation, and kinetics in hot compressed liquid nitrogen predicted by first-principles molecular dynamics, as well as the measured principal shock Hugoniot and double shock experimental data, albeit without shock cooling. Our results indicate that a purely molecular dissociation description of nitrogen chemistry under shock compression provides an incomplete picture and that short oligomers form in non-negligible quantities. This suggests that classical models representing the shock dissociation of nitrogen as a transition to an atomic fluid need to be revised to include reversible polymerization effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca K Lindsey
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Sorin Bastea
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Yanjun Lyu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Sebastien Hamel
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Nir Goldman
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Laurence E Fried
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
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4
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Tanaka Y, Yu X, Terakawa S, Ishida T, Saitoh K, Zhang H, Asaka T, Itoigawa F, Kuwahara M, Ono S. Carbonization of a Molybdenum Substrate Surface and Nanoparticles by a One-Step Method of Femtosecond Laser Ablation in a Hexane Solution. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:7932-7939. [PMID: 36872972 PMCID: PMC9979335 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Molybdenum carbides (MoC and Mo2C) are being reported for various applications, for example, catalysts for sustainable energies, nonlinear materials for laser applications, protective coatings for improving tribological performance, and so on. A one-step method for simultaneously fabricating molybdenum monocarbide (MoC) nanoparticles (NPs) and MoC surfaces with a laser-induced periodic surface structure (LIPSS) was developed by using pulsed laser ablation of a molybdenum (Mo) substrate in hexane. Spherical NPs with an average diameter of 61 nm were observed by scanning electron microscopy. The X-ray diffraction pattern and electron diffraction (ED) pattern results indicate that a face-centered cubic MoC was successfully synthesized for the NPs and on the laser-irradiated area. Notably, the ED pattern suggests that the observed NPs are nanosized single crystals, and a carbon shell was observed on the surface of MoC NPs. The X-ray diffraction pattern of both MoC NPs and LIPSS surface indicates the formation of FCC MoC, agreeing with the results of ED. The results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy also showed the bonding energy attributed to Mo-C, and the sp2-sp3 transition was confirmed on the LIPSS surface. The results of Raman spectroscopy have also supported the formation of MoC and amorphous carbon structures. This simple synthesis method for MoC may provide new possibilities for preparing Mo x C-based devices and nanomaterials, which may contribute to the development of catalytic, photonic, and tribological fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Tanaka
- Department
of Physical Science and Engineering, Nagoya
Institute of Technology, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Xi Yu
- Institute
of Materials and Systems for Sustainability, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Shusaku Terakawa
- Department
of Physical Science and Engineering, Nagoya
Institute of Technology, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Takafumi Ishida
- Institute
of Materials and Systems for Sustainability, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
- Graduate
School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Koh Saitoh
- Institute
of Materials and Systems for Sustainability, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
- Graduate
School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Biogas
Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610042, China
| | - Toru Asaka
- Life
Science and Applied Chemistry Advanced Ceramics, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Itoigawa
- Department
of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Makoto Kuwahara
- Graduate
School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Shingo Ono
- Department
of Physical Science and Engineering, Nagoya
Institute of Technology, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
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5
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Shang SY, Tong Y, Wang ZC, Huang FL. Study on the Polycrystalline Mechanism of Polycrystalline Diamond Synthesized from Graphite by Direct Detonation Method. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15124154. [PMID: 35744213 PMCID: PMC9227173 DOI: 10.3390/ma15124154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a polycrystalline diamond was synthesized by the direct detonation method using graphite as the carbon source. By comparing the numbers of the obtained diamond particles and the original graphite particles, it was found that when the graphite phase transformed into the polycrystalline diamond during the detonation process, a single graphite particle would form multiple diamond nuclei, and the nuclei would grow simultaneously to form polycrystals. Accordingly, a validation experiment was designed, which added different ratios of inert additives while keeping the ratio of graphite to hexogen (RDX) unchanged. It was found that increasing the ratio of inert additives within a certain range could increase the grain size of a polycrystalline diamond, which is consistent with the obtained polycrystalline mechanism.
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6
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Mittal R, Gupta MK, Chaplot SL. Phase transition mechanism of hexagonal graphite to hexagonal and cubic diamond: ab initiosimulation. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:425403. [PMID: 34315145 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac1821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ab initiomolecular dynamics simulations are used to elucidate the mechanism of the phase transition in shock experiments from hexagonal graphite (HG) to hexagonal diamond (HD) or to cubic diamond (CD). The transition from HG to HD is found to occur swiftly in very small time of 0.2 ps, with large cooperative displacements of all the atoms. We observe that alternate layers of atoms in HG slide in opposite directions by 1/6 along the ±[2, 1, 0], which is about 0.7 Å, while simultaneously puckering by about ±0.25 Å perpendicular to thea-bplane. The transition from HG to CD occurred with more complex cooperative displacements. In this case, six successive HG layers slide in pairs by 1/3 along [0, 1, 0], [-1, -1, 0] and [1, 0, 0], respectively along with the puckering as above. We have also performed calculations of the phonon spectrum in HG at high pressure, which reveal soft phonon modes that may facilitate the phase transition involving the sliding and puckering of the HG layers. We have further calculated the Gibbs free energy, including the vibrational energy and entropy, and derived the phase diagram between HG and CD phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjan Mittal
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Mayanak Kumar Gupta
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Samrath Lal Chaplot
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
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7
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Molecular Insight into the Deformation of Single Crystal Copper Loaded by High-Speed Shock Wave. METALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/met11030446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Molecular dynamics simulations were performed to study the evolution of single crystal copper with and without a nanovoid (located at the middle of crystal with a diameter of ~2.9 nm) when loaded with shock waves of different velocities. The simulation results show that the average particle velocity of single crystal copper linearly relates to the velocity of the loaded shock wave for both the systems (crystal with and without a nanovoid). When loaded by the shock wave, the equilibrated temperature and pressure of the system with a nanovoid are found to be slightly larger than those of the system without the nanovoid, while the volume of the system with the nanovoid is found to be lower than that of the void-free system. The single crystal copper undergoes a phase transition from face-centered cubic (FCC) to hexagonal-close packed (HCP) and a dislocation structure forms around the nanovoid. The existence of a nanovoid can induce the rearrangement and deformation of the crystalline structure and eventually lead to the plastic deformation of the system. This work provides molecular-level insight into the effect of nanovoids on the shock plasticity of metals, which can aid in the ultimate application of the control of material structure damage in shock-wave propagation.
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8
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Pham CH, Lindsey RK, Fried LE, Goldman N. Calculation of the detonation state of HN3 with quantum accuracy. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:224102. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0029011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Huy Pham
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Rebecca K. Lindsey
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Laurence E. Fried
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Nir Goldman
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
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9
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Rowe P, Deringer VL, Gasparotto P, Csányi G, Michaelides A. An accurate and transferable machine learning potential for carbon. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:034702. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0005084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Rowe
- Thomas Young Centre, London Centre for Nanotechnology, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Volker L. Deringer
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Piero Gasparotto
- Thomas Young Centre, London Centre for Nanotechnology, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Gábor Csányi
- Engineering Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, United Kingdom
| | - Angelos Michaelides
- Thomas Young Centre, London Centre for Nanotechnology, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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10
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Misawa M, Fukushima S, Koura A, Shimamura K, Shimojo F, Tiwari S, Nomura KI, Kalia RK, Nakano A, Vashishta P. Application of First-Principles-Based Artificial Neural Network Potentials to Multiscale-Shock Dynamics Simulations on Solid Materials. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:4536-4541. [PMID: 32443935 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The use of artificial neural network (ANN) potentials trained with first-principles calculations has emerged as a promising approach for molecular dynamics (MD) simulations encompassing large space and time scales while retaining first-principles accuracy. To date, however, the application of ANN-MD has been limited to near-equilibrium processes. Here we combine first-principles-trained ANN-MD with multiscale shock theory (MSST) to successfully describe far-from-equilibrium shock phenomena. Our ANN-MSST-MD approach describes shock-wave propagation in solids with first-principles accuracy but a 5000 times shorter computing time. Accordingly, ANN-MD-MSST was able to resolve fine, long-time elastic deformation at low shock speed, which was impossible with first-principles MD because of the high computational cost. This work thus lays a foundation of ANN-MD simulation to study a wide range of far-from-equilibrium processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Misawa
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Shogo Fukushima
- Department of Physics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Akihide Koura
- Department of Physics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Kohei Shimamura
- Department of Physics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Fuyuki Shimojo
- Department of Physics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Subodh Tiwari
- Collaboratory for Advanced Computing and Simulations, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Ken-Ichi Nomura
- Collaboratory for Advanced Computing and Simulations, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Rajiv K Kalia
- Collaboratory for Advanced Computing and Simulations, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Aiichiro Nakano
- Collaboratory for Advanced Computing and Simulations, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Priya Vashishta
- Collaboratory for Advanced Computing and Simulations, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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11
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Németh P, McColl K, Smith RL, Murri M, Garvie LAJ, Alvaro M, Pécz B, Jones AP, Corà F, Salzmann CG, McMillan PF. Diamond-Graphene Composite Nanostructures. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:3611-3619. [PMID: 32267704 PMCID: PMC7227005 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c00556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The search for new nanostructural topologies composed of elemental carbon is driven by technological opportunities as well as the need to understand the structure and evolution of carbon materials formed by planetary shock impact events and in laboratory syntheses. We describe two new families of diamond-graphene (diaphite) phases constructed from layered and bonded sp3 and sp2 nanostructural units and provide a framework for classifying the members of this new class of materials. The nanocomposite structures are identified within both natural impact diamonds and laboratory-shocked samples and possess diffraction features that have previously been assigned to lonsdaleite and postgraphite phases. The diaphite nanocomposites represent a new class of high-performance carbon materials that are predicted to combine the superhard qualities of diamond with high fracture toughness and ductility enabled by the graphitic units and the atomically defined interfaces between the sp3- and sp2-bonded nanodomains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Németh
- Institute
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Department
of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University
of Pannonia, Egyetem
út 10, 8200 Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Kit McColl
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Rachael L. Smith
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Mara Murri
- Department
of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University
of Pavia, Via A. Ferrata 1, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Department
of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University
of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza
della Scienza 4, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Laurence A. J. Garvie
- Center for
Meteorite Studies, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-6004, United States
| | - Matteo Alvaro
- Department
of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University
of Pavia, Via A. Ferrata 1, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Béla Pécz
- Institute
of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, Konkoly-Thege út 29-33, 1121 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Adrian P. Jones
- Department
of Earth Sciences, University College London, WC1E 6BT London, United Kingdom
| | - Furio Corà
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Christoph G. Salzmann
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Paul F. McMillan
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
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12
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Dong J, Yao Z, Yao M, Li R, Hu K, Zhu L, Wang Y, Sun H, Sundqvist B, Yang K, Liu B. Decompression-Induced Diamond Formation from Graphite Sheared under Pressure. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:065701. [PMID: 32109099 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.065701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Graphite is known to transform into diamond under dynamic compression or under combined high pressure and high temperature, either by a concerted mechanism or by a nucleation mechanism. However, these mechanisms fail to explain the recently reported discovery of diamond formation during ambient temperature compression combined with shear stress. Here we report a new transition pathway for graphite to diamond under compression combined with shear, based on results from both theoretical simulations and advanced experiments. In contrast to the known model for thermally activated diamond formation under pressure, the shear-induced diamond formation takes place during the decompression process via structural transitions. At a high pressure with large shear, graphite transforms into ultrastrong sp^{3} phases whose structures depend on the degree of shear stress. These metastable sp^{3} phases transform into either diamond or graphite upon decompression. Our results explain several recent experimental observations of low-temperature diamond formation. They also emphasize the importance of shear stress for diamond formation, providing new insight into the graphite-diamond transformation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Zhen Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Mingguang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Rui Li
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Kuo Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Luyao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Huanhuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | | | - Ke Yang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facilities, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Bingbing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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13
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Burian A, Dore JC, Jurkiewicz K. Structural studies of carbons by neutron and x-ray scattering. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2019; 82:016501. [PMID: 30462611 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aae882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Carbon can have many different forms and the characterisation of structural features on a length scale of 1 Å to 10 μm is important in defining its physical and chemical properties for the various forms. The use of either electro-magnetic (x-ray) or particle (neutron) beams plays an important role in determining these characteristics. In this paper, we review the various techniques that are used to determine the structural features by experimental means and how the data are processed to give the required information in a suitable form for detailed analysis by computer simulation. Diffraction methods are used for studies of the atomic arrangement and small-angle scattering techniques are used for studies of microporosity in the sample materials. The experimental data obtained from a wide range of different carbon materials are considered and how these results can be used as a basis for modelling the structures in a quantitative manner is also considered. This information underpins their use as active components in a wide range of functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Burian
- A. Chełkowski Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, ul.75 Pułku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland. Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia, ul.75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
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14
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Zhang XQ, Chen XR, Kaliamurthi S, Selvaraj G, Ji GF, Wei DQ. Initial Decomposition of the Co-crystal of CL-20/TNT: Sensitivity Decrease under Shock Loading. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b06953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Qing Zhang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, College of Physical Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
- National Key Laboratory for Shock Wave and Detonation Physics Research, Institute of Fluid Physics, Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999, China
| | - Xiang-Rong Chen
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, College of Physical Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Satyavani Kaliamurthi
- Center of Interdisciplinary Sciences, Computational Life Sciences, College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Gurudeeban Selvaraj
- Center of Interdisciplinary Sciences, Computational Life Sciences, College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Guang-Fu Ji
- National Key Laboratory for Shock Wave and Detonation Physics Research, Institute of Fluid Physics, Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999, China
| | - Dong-Qing Wei
- Center of Interdisciplinary Sciences, Computational Life Sciences, College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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15
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Li H, Li A, Dou Y. Molecular dynamics simulation of primary detonation process of TATB crystal under shock loading. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2018.1475735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongjian Li
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications , Chongqing, China
| | - Anyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University , Xi’an, China
| | - Yusheng Dou
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications , Chongqing, China
- Department of Physical Sciences, Nicholls State University , Thibodaux, LA, USA
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16
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Ge NN, Bai S, Chang J, Ji GF. Shock response of condensed-phase RDX: molecular dynamics simulations in conjunction with the MSST method. RSC Adv 2018; 8:17312-17320. [PMID: 35539229 PMCID: PMC9080422 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra00409a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We have performed molecular dynamics simulations in conjunction with the multiscale shock technique (MSST) to study the initial chemical processes of condensed-phase RDX under various shock velocities (8 km s−1, 10 km s−1 and 11 km s−1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni-Na Ge
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Nonmetal Composites and Functional Materials
- Southwest University of Science and Technology
- Mianyang 621010
- P. R. China
| | - Sha Bai
- Laboratory for Shock Wave and Detonation Physics Research
- Institute of Fluid Physics
- Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics
- Mianyang
- P. R. China
| | - Jing Chang
- Institute of Solid State Physics
- Sichuan Normal University
- Chengdu 610101
- P. R. China
| | - Guang-Fu Ji
- Laboratory for Shock Wave and Detonation Physics Research
- Institute of Fluid Physics
- Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics
- Mianyang
- P. R. China
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17
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Turneaure SJ, Sharma SM, Volz TJ, Winey JM, Gupta YM. Transformation of shock-compressed graphite to hexagonal diamond in nanoseconds. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:eaao3561. [PMID: 29098183 PMCID: PMC5659656 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aao3561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The graphite-to-diamond transformation under shock compression has been of broad scientific interest since 1961. The formation of hexagonal diamond (HD) is of particular interest because it is expected to be harder than cubic diamond and due to its use in terrestrial sciences as a marker at meteorite impact sites. However, the formation of diamond having a fully hexagonal structure continues to be questioned and remains unresolved. Using real-time (nanosecond), in situ x-ray diffraction measurements, we show unequivocally that highly oriented pyrolytic graphite, shock-compressed along the c axis to 50 GPa, transforms to highly oriented elastically strained HD with the (100)HD plane parallel to the graphite basal plane. These findings contradict recent molecular dynamics simulation results for the shock-induced graphite-to-diamond transformation and provide a benchmark for future theoretical simulations. Additionally, our results show that an earlier report of HD forming only above 170 GPa for shocked pyrolytic graphite may lead to incorrect interpretations of meteorite impact events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan J. Turneaure
- Institute for Shock Physics, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Surinder M. Sharma
- Institute for Shock Physics, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Travis J. Volz
- Institute for Shock Physics, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - J. M. Winey
- Institute for Shock Physics, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Yogendra M. Gupta
- Institute for Shock Physics, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
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18
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Neogi A, Mitra N. A metastable phase of shocked bulk single crystal copper: an atomistic simulation study. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7337. [PMID: 28779151 PMCID: PMC5544681 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07809-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural phase transformation in bulk single crystal Cu in different orientation under shock loading of different intensities has been investigated in this article. Atomistic simulations, such as, classical molecular dynamics using embedded atom method (EAM) interatomic potential and ab-initio based molecular dynamics simulations, have been carried out to demonstrate FCC-to-BCT phase transformation under shock loading of 〈100〉 oriented bulk single crystal copper. Simulated x-ray diffraction patterns have been utilized to confirm the structural phase transformation before shock-induced melting in Cu(100).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Neogi
- Advanced Technology Development Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
| | - Nilanjan Mitra
- Center for Theoretical Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
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19
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Koziol L, Fried LE, Goldman N. Using Force Matching To Determine Reactive Force Fields for Water under Extreme Thermodynamic Conditions. J Chem Theory Comput 2016; 13:135-146. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.6b00707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Koziol
- Physical and Life Sciences
Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Laurence E. Fried
- Physical and Life Sciences
Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Nir Goldman
- Physical and Life Sciences
Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
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20
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Nanosecond formation of diamond and lonsdaleite by shock compression of graphite. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10970. [PMID: 26972122 PMCID: PMC4793081 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The shock-induced transition from graphite to diamond has been of great scientific and technological interest since the discovery of microscopic diamonds in remnants of explosively driven graphite. Furthermore, shock synthesis of diamond and lonsdaleite, a speculative hexagonal carbon polymorph with unique hardness, is expected to happen during violent meteor impacts. Here, we show unprecedented in situ X-ray diffraction measurements of diamond formation on nanosecond timescales by shock compression of pyrolytic as well as polycrystalline graphite to pressures from 19 GPa up to 228 GPa. While we observe the transition to diamond starting at 50 GPa for both pyrolytic and polycrystalline graphite, we also record the direct formation of lonsdaleite above 170 GPa for pyrolytic samples only. Our experiment provides new insights into the processes of the shock-induced transition from graphite to diamond and uniquely resolves the dynamics that explain the main natural occurrence of the lonsdaleite crystal structure being close to meteor impact sites.
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21
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Liu ZL, Zhang XL, Cai LC. Shock melting method to determine melting curve by molecular dynamics: Cu, Pd, and Al. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:114101. [PMID: 26395681 DOI: 10.1063/1.4930974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A melting simulation method, the shock melting (SM) method, is proposed and proved to be able to determine the melting curves of materials accurately and efficiently. The SM method, which is based on the multi-scale shock technique, determines melting curves by preheating and/or prepressurizing materials before shock. This strategy was extensively verified using both classical and ab initio molecular dynamics (MD). First, the SM method yielded the same satisfactory melting curve of Cu with only 360 atoms using classical MD, compared to the results from the Z-method and the two-phase coexistence method. Then, it also produced a satisfactory melting curve of Pd with only 756 atoms. Finally, the SM method combined with ab initio MD cheaply achieved a good melting curve of Al with only 180 atoms, which agrees well with the experimental data and the calculated results from other methods. It turned out that the SM method is an alternative efficient method for calculating the melting curves of materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Li Liu
- College of Physics and Electric Information, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471022, China
| | - Xiu-Lu Zhang
- Laboratory for Extreme Conditions Matter Properties, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 621010 Mianyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Ling-Cang Cai
- Laboratory for Shock Wave and Detonation Physics Research, Institute of Fluid Physics, P.O. Box 919-102, 621900 Mianyang, Sichuan, China
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22
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Synthesis of diamond-like phase from graphite by ultrafast laser driven dynamical compression. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11812. [PMID: 26149413 PMCID: PMC4493556 DOI: 10.1038/srep11812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid variations of the environmental energy caused by ultrashort laser pulses have induced phase transitions in carbon allotropes, therefore bringing the promise of revealing new carbon phases. Here, by exposing polycrystalline graphite to 25 fs laser pulses at 4 J/cm2 fluence under standard air atmosphere, we demonstrated the synthesis of translucent micrometer-sized structures carrying diamond-like and onion-like carbon phases. Texturized domains of the diamond phase were also identified. Concerning different synthesized carbon forms, pulse superposition and singularities of the thermodynamical process, we pinpoint the synthesis mechanism by the laser-induced subsequent products energetically evolving to attain the diamond-like phase.
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23
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Goldman N. Multi-center semi-empirical quantum models for carbon under extreme thermodynamic conditions. Chem Phys Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2014.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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24
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Pineau N, Bourasseau E, Maillet JB, Soulard L, Hébert D. Theoretical study of the porosity effects on the shock response of graphitic materials. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2015. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20159404037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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25
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Peng Y, Wang F, Wang Z, Alsayed AM, Zhang Z, Yodh AG, Han Y. Two-step nucleation mechanism in solid-solid phase transitions. NATURE MATERIALS 2015; 14:101-108. [PMID: 25218059 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The microscopic kinetics of ubiquitous solid-solid phase transitions remain poorly understood. Here, by using single-particle-resolution video microscopy of colloidal films of diameter-tunable microspheres, we show that transitions between square and triangular lattices occur via a two-step diffusive nucleation pathway involving liquid nuclei. The nucleation pathway is favoured over the direct one-step nucleation because the energy of the solid/liquid interface is lower than that between solid phases. We also observed that nucleation precursors are particle-swapping loops rather than newly generated structural defects, and that coherent and incoherent facets of the evolving nuclei exhibit different energies and growth rates that can markedly alter the nucleation kinetics. Our findings suggest that an intermediate liquid should exist in the nucleation processes of solid-solid transitions of most metals and alloys, and provide guidance for better control of the kinetics of the transition and for future refinements of solid-solid transition theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Peng
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ziren Wang
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ahmed M Alsayed
- Complex Assemblies of Soft Matter (COMPASS), Solvay-CNRS-UPenn UMI 3254, Bristol, Pennsylvania 19007, USA
| | - Zexin Zhang
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Arjun G Yodh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Yilong Han
- 1] Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China [2] HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
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26
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Ileri N, Goldman N. Graphene and nano-diamond synthesis in expansions of molten liquid carbon. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:164709. [PMID: 25362334 DOI: 10.1063/1.4899071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite their widespread use in high-pressure experiments, little is known about the physical and chemical properties of carbon-containing materials as they expand and cool to ambient conditions. As a result, interpretation of experiments can rely on use of unconstrained models with poor accuracy for the ensuing equation of state properties and final chemical products. To this end, we use quantum simulations to study the free expansion and cooling of carbon from metallic liquid states achieved during shock compression. Expansions from three different sets of shock conditions yielded of a variety of chain and ring structures. We then quantify the relative amounts of graphite-like and diamond-like particles formed during cooling and equilibration. We observe that for all cases, graphene sheets are the majority product formed with more extreme initial conditions producing increasingly larger amounts of diamond particles. Our results can address key needs for future meso-scale models of experiments, where knowledge of material properties and chemical end products can have a pronounced effect on interpreting experimental observables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazar Ileri
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Nir Goldman
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
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27
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Xie H, Yin F, Yu T, Wang JT, Liang C. Mechanism for direct graphite-to-diamond phase transition. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5930. [PMID: 25088720 PMCID: PMC4120013 DOI: 10.1038/srep05930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Using classical molecular dynamics with a more reliable reactive LCBOPII potential, we have performed a detailed study on the direct graphite-to-diamond phase transition. Our results reveal a new so-called "wave-like buckling and slipping" mechanism, which controls the transformation from hexagonal graphite to cubic diamond. Based on this mechanism, we have explained how polycrystalline cubic diamond is converted from hexagonal graphite, and demonstrated that the initial interlayer distance of compressed hexagonal graphite play a key role to determine the grain size of cubic diamond. These results can broaden our understanding of the high pressure graphite-to-diamond phase transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxian Xie
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300132, China
- Research Institute for Energy Equipment Materials, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300132, China
| | - Fuxing Yin
- Research Institute for Energy Equipment Materials, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300132, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Central Iron and Steel Research Institute, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jian-Tao Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chunyong Liang
- Research Institute for Energy Equipment Materials, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300132, China
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28
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Srinivasan SG, Goldman N, Tamblyn I, Hamel S, Gaus M. A density functional tight binding model with an extended basis set and three-body repulsion for hydrogen under extreme thermodynamic conditions. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:5520-8. [PMID: 24960065 DOI: 10.1021/jp5036713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We present a new DFTB-p3b density functional tight binding model for hydrogen at extremely high pressures and temperatures, which includes a polarizable basis set (p) and a three-body environmentally dependent repulsive potential (3b). We find that use of an extended basis set is necessary under dissociated liquid conditions to account for the substantial p-orbital character of the electronic states around the Fermi energy. The repulsive energy is determined through comparison to cold curve pressures computed from density functional theory (DFT) for the hexagonal close-packed solid, as well as pressures from thermally equilibrated DFT-MD simulations of the liquid phase. In particular, we observe improved agreement in our DFTB-p3b model with previous theoretical and experimental results for the shock Hugoniot of hydrogen up to 100 GPa and 25000 K, compared to a standard DFTB model using pairwise interactions and an s-orbital basis set, only. The DFTB-p3b approach discussed here provides a general method to extend the DFTB method for a wide variety of materials over a significantly larger range of thermodynamic conditions than previously possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriram Goverapet Srinivasan
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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29
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Ge NN, Wei YK, Song ZF, Chen XR, Ji GF, Zhao F, Wei DQ. Anisotropic Responses and Initial Decomposition of Condensed-Phase β-HMX under Shock Loadings via Molecular Dynamics Simulations in Conjunction with Multiscale Shock Technique. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:8691-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp502432g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ni-Na Ge
- National
Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of
Fluid Physics, Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999, China
- Key
Laboratory of High Energy Density Physics and Technology of Ministry
of Education, College of Physical Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yong-Kai Wei
- Key
Laboratory of High Energy Density Physics and Technology of Ministry
of Education, College of Physical Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Zhen-Fei Song
- National
Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of
Fluid Physics, Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999, China
| | - Xiang-Rong Chen
- Key
Laboratory of High Energy Density Physics and Technology of Ministry
of Education, College of Physical Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Guang-Fu Ji
- National
Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of
Fluid Physics, Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- National
Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of
Fluid Physics, Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999, China
| | - Dong-Qing Wei
- State
Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 00081, China
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30
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Ge NN, Wei YK, Zhao F, Chen XR, Ji GF. Pressure-induced metallization of condensed phase β-HMX under shock loadings via molecular dynamics simulations in conjunction with multi-scale shock technique. J Mol Model 2014; 20:2350. [PMID: 24969846 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-014-2350-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The electronic structure and initial decomposition in high explosive HMX under conditions of shock loading are examined. The simulation is performed using quantum molecular dynamics in conjunction with multi-scale shock technique (MSST). A self-consistent charge density-functional tight-binding (SCC-DFTB) method is adapted. The results show that the N-N-C angle has a drastic change under shock wave compression along lattice vector b at shock velocity 11 km/s, which is the main reason that leads to an insulator-to-metal transition for the HMX system. The metallization pressure (about 130 GPa) of condensed-phase HMX is predicted firstly. We also detect the formation of several key products of condensed-phase HMX decomposition, such as NO2, NO, N2, N2O, H2O, CO, and CO2, and all of them have been observed in previous experimental studies. Moreover, the initial decomposition products include H2 due to the C-H bond breaking as a primary reaction pathway at extreme condition, which presents a new insight into the initial decomposition mechanism of HMX under shock loading at the atomistic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni-Na Ge
- Key Laboratory of High Energy Density Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Physical Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
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31
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Goldman N, Bastea S. Nitrogen Oxides As a Chemistry Trap in Detonating Oxygen-Rich Materials. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:2897-903. [DOI: 10.1021/jp501455z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nir Goldman
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue L-288, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Sorin Bastea
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue L-288, Livermore, California 94550, United States
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32
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The Reactivity of Energetic Materials Under High Pressure and Temperature. ADVANCES IN QUANTUM CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800345-9.00006-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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33
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Pellouchoud LA, Reed EJ. Optical Characterization of Chemistry in Shocked Nitromethane with Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:12288-98. [DOI: 10.1021/jp406877g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lenson A. Pellouchoud
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, 496 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Evan J. Reed
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, 496 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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34
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Abstract
We present results of prebiotic organic synthesis in shock compressed mixtures of simple ices from quantum molecular dynamics (MD) simulations extended to close to equilibrium time scales. Given the likelihood of an inhospitable prebiotic atmosphere on early Earth, it is possible that impact processes of comets or other icy bodies were a source of prebiotic chemical compounds on the primitive planet. We observe that moderate shock pressures and temperatures within a CO2-rich icy mixture (36 GPa and 2800 K) produce a number of nitrogen containing heterocycles, which dissociate to form functionalized aromatic hydrocarbons upon expansion and cooling to ambient conditions. In contrast, higher shock conditions (48-60 GPa, 3700-4800 K) resulted in the synthesis of long carbon-chain molecules, CH4, and formaldehyde. All shock compression simulations at these conditions have produced significant quantities of simple C-N bonded compounds such as HCN, HNC, and HNCO upon expansion and cooling to ambient conditions. Our results elucidate a mechanism for impact synthesis of prebiotic molecules at realistic impact conditions that is independent of external constraints such as the presence of a catalyst, illuminating UV radiation, or pre-existing conditions on a planet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nir Goldman
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory , Livermore, California 94550, United States
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35
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Röhrig KAF, Kühne TD. Optimal calculation of the pair correlation function for an orthorhombic system. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2013; 87:045301. [PMID: 23679554 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.87.045301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We present a computational method to calculate arbitrary pair correlation functions of an orthorhombic system in the most efficient way. The algorithm is demonstrated by the calculation of the radial distribution function of shock compressed liquid hydrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai A F Röhrig
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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36
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Shan TR, Wixom RR, Mattsson AE, Thompson AP. Atomistic Simulation of Orientation Dependence in Shock-Induced Initiation of Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:928-36. [DOI: 10.1021/jp310473h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Ray Shan
- Sandia National Laboratories,
Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Ryan R. Wixom
- Sandia National Laboratories,
Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Ann E. Mattsson
- Sandia National Laboratories,
Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Aidan P. Thompson
- Sandia National Laboratories,
Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
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37
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Ge NN, Wei YK, Ji GF, Chen XR, Zhao F, Wei DQ. Initial Decomposition of the Condensed-Phase β-HMX under Shock Waves: Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:13696-704. [DOI: 10.1021/jp309120t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ni-Na Ge
- National Key Laboratory of Shock
Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900,
China
- Institute of Computational
Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064,
China
| | - Yong-Kai Wei
- National Key Laboratory of Shock
Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900,
China
- Institute of Computational
Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064,
China
| | - Guang-Fu Ji
- National Key Laboratory of Shock
Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900,
China
| | - Xiang-Rong Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Shock
Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900,
China
- International Centre
for Materials Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Shock
Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900,
China
| | - Dong-Qing Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 00081, China
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38
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Qi T, Reed EJ. Simulations of Shocked Methane Including Self-Consistent Semiclassical Quantum Nuclear Effects. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:10451-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp308068c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Qi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United
States
| | - Evan J. Reed
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United
States
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39
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Zhu W, Huang H, Huang H, Xiao H. Initial chemical events in shocked octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7- tetrazocine: A new initiation decomposition mechanism. J Chem Phys 2012; 136:044516. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3679384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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40
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Khaliullin RZ, Eshet H, Kühne TD, Behler J, Parrinello M. Nucleation mechanism for the direct graphite-to-diamond phase transition. NATURE MATERIALS 2011; 10:693-697. [PMID: 21785417 DOI: 10.1038/nmat3078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2011] [Accepted: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Graphite and diamond have comparable free energies, yet forming diamond from graphite in the absence of a catalyst requires pressures that are significantly higher than those at equilibrium coexistence. At lower temperatures, the formation of the metastable hexagonal polymorph of diamond is favoured instead of the more stable cubic diamond. These phenomena cannot be explained by the concerted mechanism suggested in previous theoretical studies. Using an ab initio quality neural-network potential, we carried out a large-scale study of the graphite-to-diamond transition assuming that it occurs through nucleation. The nucleation mechanism accounts for the observed phenomenology and reveals its microscopic origins. We demonstrate that the large lattice distortions that accompany the formation of diamond nuclei inhibit the phase transition at low pressure, and direct it towards the hexagonal diamond phase at higher pressure. The proposed nucleation mechanism should improve our understanding of structural transformations in a wide range of carbon-based materials.
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41
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Goldman N, Reed EJ, Fried LE, William Kuo IF, Maiti A. Synthesis of glycine-containing complexes in impacts of comets on early Earth. Nat Chem 2010; 2:949-54. [DOI: 10.1038/nchem.827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2010] [Accepted: 07/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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42
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Reed EJ, Maiti A, Fried LE. Anomalous sound propagation and slow kinetics in dynamically compressed amorphous carbon. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2010; 81:016607. [PMID: 20365491 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.81.016607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We have performed molecular-dynamics simulations of dynamic compression waves propagating through amorphous carbon using the Tersoff potential and find that a variety of dynamic compression features appear for two different initial densities. These features include steady elastic shocks, steady chemically reactive shocks, unsteady elastic waves, and unsteady chemically reactive waves. We show how these features can be distinguished by analyzing time-dependent propagation speeds, time-dependent sound speeds, and comparison to multiscale shock technique (MSST) simulations. Understanding such features is a key challenge in quasi-isentropic experiments involving phase transformations. In addition to direct simulations of dynamic compression, we employ the MSST and find agreement with the direct method for this system for the shocks observed. We show how the MSST can be extended to include explicit material viscosity and demonstrate on an amorphous Lennard-Jones system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan J Reed
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA.
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43
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Goldman N, Reed EJ, Fried LE. Quantum mechanical corrections to simulated shock Hugoniot temperatures. J Chem Phys 2009; 131:204103. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3262710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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44
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Goldman N, Reed EJ, Kuo IFW, Fried LE, Mundy CJ, Curioni A. Ab initio simulation of the equation of state and kinetics of shocked water. J Chem Phys 2009; 130:124517. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3089426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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