1
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Zheng H, Liu J, Qiu Y. The Design and Analysis of the Fabrication of Micro- and Nanoscale Surface Structures and Their Performance Applications from a Bionic Perspective. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:4014. [PMID: 39203192 PMCID: PMC11356519 DOI: 10.3390/ma17164014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024]
Abstract
This paper comprehensively discusses the fabrication of bionic-based ultrafast laser micro-nano-multiscale surface structures and their performance analysis. It explores the functionality of biological surface structures and the high adaptability achieved through optimized self-organized biomaterials with multilayered structures. This study details the applications of ultrafast laser technology in biomimetic designs, particularly in preparing high-precision, wear-resistant, hydrophobic, and antireflective micro- and nanostructures on metal surfaces. Advances in the fabrications of laser surface structures are analyzed, comparing top-down and bottom-up processing methods and femtosecond laser direct writing. This research investigates selective absorption properties of surface structures at different scales for various light wavelengths, achieving coloring or stealth effects. Applications in dirt-resistant, self-cleaning, biomimetic optical, friction-resistant, and biocompatible surfaces are presented, demonstrating potential in biomedical care, water-vapor harvesting, and droplet manipulation. This paper concludes by highlighting research frontiers, theoretical and technological challenges, and the high-precision capabilities of femtosecond laser technology in related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yake Qiu
- Architecture and Design College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
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2
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Thomas R, Westphal E, Schnell G, Seitz H. Machine Learning Classification of Self-Organized Surface Structures in Ultrashort-Pulse Laser Processing Based on Light Microscopic Images. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:491. [PMID: 38675302 PMCID: PMC11051940 DOI: 10.3390/mi15040491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
In ultrashort-pulsed laser processing, surface modification is subject to complex laser and scanning parameter studies. In addition, quality assurance systems for monitoring surface modification are still lacking. Automated laser processing routines featuring machine learning (ML) can help overcome these limitations, but they are largely absent in the literature and still lack practical applications. This paper presents a new methodology for machine learning classification of self-organized surface structures based on light microscopic images. For this purpose, three application-relevant types of self-organized surface structures are fabricated using a 300 fs laser system on hot working tool steel and stainless-steel substrates. Optical images of the hot working tool steel substrates were used to learn a classification algorithm based on the open-source tool Teachable Machine from Google. The trained classification algorithm achieved very high accuracy in distinguishing the surface types for the hot working steel substrate learned on, as well as for surface structures on the stainless-steel substrate. In addition, the algorithm also achieved very high accuracy in classifying the images of a specific structure class captured at different optical magnifications. Thus, the methodology proposed represents a simple and robust automated classification of surface structures that can be used as a basis for further development of quality assurance systems, automated process parameter recommendation, and inline laser parameter control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Thomas
- Chair of Microfluidics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Marine Technology, University of Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig Weg 6, 18059 Rostock, Germany; (R.T.); (E.W.)
| | - Erik Westphal
- Chair of Microfluidics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Marine Technology, University of Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig Weg 6, 18059 Rostock, Germany; (R.T.); (E.W.)
| | - Georg Schnell
- Chair of Microfluidics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Marine Technology, University of Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig Weg 6, 18059 Rostock, Germany; (R.T.); (E.W.)
| | - Hermann Seitz
- Chair of Microfluidics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Marine Technology, University of Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig Weg 6, 18059 Rostock, Germany; (R.T.); (E.W.)
- Department Life, Light & Matter, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 25, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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3
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Staehlke S, Barth T, Muench M, Schroeter J, Wendlandt R, Oldorf P, Peters R, Nebe B, Schulz AP. The Impact of Ultrashort Pulse Laser Structuring of Metals on In-Vitro Cell Adhesion of Keratinocytes. J Funct Biomater 2024; 15:34. [PMID: 38391887 PMCID: PMC10889705 DOI: 10.3390/jfb15020034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Besides the need for biomaterial surface modification to improve cellular attachment, laser-structuring is favorable for designing a new surface topography for external bone fixator pins or implants. The principle of this study was to observe how bioinspired (deer antler) laser-induced nano-microstructures influenced the adhesion and growth of skin cells. The goal was to create pins that allow the skin to attach to the biomaterial surface in a bacteria-proof manner. Therefore, typical fixator metals, steel, and titanium alloy were structured using ultrashort laser pulses, which resulted in periodical nano- and microstructures. Surface characteristics were investigated using a laser scanning microscope and static water contact angle measurements. In vitro studies with human HaCaT keratinocytes focused on cell adhesion, morphology, actin formation, and growth within 7 days. The study showed that surface functionalization influenced cell attachment, spreading, and proliferation. Micro-dimple clusters on polished bulk metals (DC20) will not hinder viability. Still, they will not promote the initial adhesion and spreading of HaCaTs. In contrast, additional nanostructuring with laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) promotes cell behavior. DC20 + LIPSS induced enhanced cell attachment with well-spread cell morphology. Thus, the bioinspired structures exhibited a benefit in initial cell adhesion. Laser surface functionalization opens up new possibilities for structuring, and is relevant to developing bioactive implants in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Staehlke
- Institute for Cell Biology, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Tobias Barth
- Laboratory for Biomechanics, BG Hospital Hamburg, 21033 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Muench
- Laboratory for Biomechanics, BG Hospital Hamburg, 21033 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joerg Schroeter
- Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Robert Wendlandt
- Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Paul Oldorf
- SLV Mecklenburg-Vorpommern GmbH, 18069 Rostock, Germany
| | - Rigo Peters
- SLV Mecklenburg-Vorpommern GmbH, 18069 Rostock, Germany
| | - Barbara Nebe
- Institute for Cell Biology, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Arndt-Peter Schulz
- Laboratory for Biomechanics, BG Hospital Hamburg, 21033 Hamburg, Germany
- Fraunhofer Research Institution for Individualized and Cell-Based Medical Engineering, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
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4
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Babaliari E, Ranella A, Stratakis E. Microfluidic Systems for Neural Cell Studies. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:902. [PMID: 37627787 PMCID: PMC10451731 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10080902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Whereas the axons of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) spontaneously regenerate after an injury, the occurring regeneration is rarely successful because axons are usually directed by inappropriate cues. Therefore, finding successful ways to guide neurite outgrowth, in vitro, is essential for neurogenesis. Microfluidic systems reflect more appropriately the in vivo environment of cells in tissues such as the normal fluid flow within the body, consistent nutrient delivery, effective waste removal, and mechanical stimulation due to fluid shear forces. At the same time, it has been well reported that topography affects neuronal outgrowth, orientation, and differentiation. In this review, we demonstrate how topography and microfluidic flow affect neuronal behavior, either separately or in synergy, and highlight the efficacy of microfluidic systems in promoting neuronal outgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftheria Babaliari
- Foundation for Research and Technology—Hellas (F.O.R.T.H.), Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (I.E.S.L.), Vasilika Vouton, 70013 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - Anthi Ranella
- Foundation for Research and Technology—Hellas (F.O.R.T.H.), Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (I.E.S.L.), Vasilika Vouton, 70013 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - Emmanuel Stratakis
- Foundation for Research and Technology—Hellas (F.O.R.T.H.), Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (I.E.S.L.), Vasilika Vouton, 70013 Heraklion, Greece;
- Department of Physics, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
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5
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Liu R, Cao L, Liu D, Wang L, Saeed S, Wang Z. Laser Interference Lithography-A Method for the Fabrication of Controlled Periodic Structures. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1818. [PMID: 37368248 DOI: 10.3390/nano13121818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
A microstructure determines macro functionality. A controlled periodic structure gives the surface specific functions such as controlled structural color, wettability, anti-icing/frosting, friction reduction, and hardness enhancement. Currently, there are a variety of controllable periodic structures that can be produced. Laser interference lithography (LIL) is a technique that allows for the simple, flexible, and rapid fabrication of high-resolution periodic structures over large areas without the use of masks. Different interference conditions can produce a wide range of light fields. When an LIL system is used to expose the substrate, a variety of periodic textured structures, such as periodic nanoparticles, dot arrays, hole arrays, and stripes, can be produced. The LIL technique can be used not only on flat substrates, but also on curved or partially curved substrates, taking advantage of the large depth of focus. This paper reviews the principles of LIL and discusses how the parameters, such as spatial angle, angle of incidence, wavelength, and polarization state, affect the interference light field. Applications of LIL for functional surface fabrication, such as anti-reflection, controlled structural color, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), friction reduction, superhydrophobicity, and biocellular modulation, are also presented. Finally, we present some of the challenges and problems in LIL and its applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ri Liu
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
- Centre for Opto/Bio-Nano Measurement and Manufacturing, Zhongshan Institute, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Zhongshan 528437, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Liang Cao
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
- Centre for Opto/Bio-Nano Measurement and Manufacturing, Zhongshan Institute, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Zhongshan 528437, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Dongdong Liu
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
- Centre for Opto/Bio-Nano Measurement and Manufacturing, Zhongshan Institute, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Zhongshan 528437, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Lu Wang
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
- Centre for Opto/Bio-Nano Measurement and Manufacturing, Zhongshan Institute, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Zhongshan 528437, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Sadaf Saeed
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
- Centre for Opto/Bio-Nano Measurement and Manufacturing, Zhongshan Institute, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Zhongshan 528437, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Zuobin Wang
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
- Centre for Opto/Bio-Nano Measurement and Manufacturing, Zhongshan Institute, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Zhongshan 528437, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
- JR3CN & IRAC, University of Bedfordshire, Luton LU1 3JU, UK
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6
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Leggio L, Di Maio Y, Pascale-Hamri A, Egaud G, Reynaud S, Sedao X, Mauclair C. Ultrafast Laser Patterning of Metals Commonly Used in Medical Industry: Surface Roughness Control with Energy Gradient Pulse Sequences. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:251. [PMID: 36837953 PMCID: PMC9967074 DOI: 10.3390/mi14020251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafast laser ablation is widely used as a versatile method for accurate micro-machining of polymers, glasses and metals for a variety of industrial and biomedical applications. We report on the use of a novel process parameter, the modulation of the laser pulse energy during the multi-scan texturing of surfaces. We show that this new and straightforward control method allows us to attain higher and lower roughness (Ra) values than the conventional constant pulse energy irradiation sequence. This new multi-scanning laser ablation strategy was conducted on metals that are commonly used in the biomedical industry, such as stainless steel, titanium, brass and silver samples, using a linear (increasing or decreasing) gradient of pulse energy, i.e., varying the pulse energy across successive laser scans. The effects of ablation were studied in terms of roughness, developed interfacial area ratio, skewness and ablation efficiency of the processed surfaces. Significantly, the investigation has shown a global trend for all samples that the roughness is minimum when a decreasing energy pulse sequence is employed, i.e., the irradiation sequence ends up with the applied laser fluences close to threshold laser fluences and is maximum with increasing energy distribution. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis on single craters with the three different energy deposition conditions revealed a chaotic and random material redistribution in the cases of uniform and increasing energy distributions and the presence of regular laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) at the bottom of the ablation region in the case of decreasing energy distribution. It is also shown that the ablation efficiency of the ablated surfaces does not significantly change between the three cases. Therefore, this novel energy control strategy permits the control of the roughness of the processed surfaces without losing the ablation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Leggio
- Laboratoire Hubert Curien, Université Jean Monnet, 18 Rue Professeur Benoît Lauras, 42000 Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Yoan Di Maio
- GIE Manutech-USD, 18 Rue Professeur Benoît Lauras, 42000 Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Alina Pascale-Hamri
- GIE Manutech-USD, 18 Rue Professeur Benoît Lauras, 42000 Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Gregory Egaud
- GIE Manutech-USD, 18 Rue Professeur Benoît Lauras, 42000 Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Stephanie Reynaud
- Laboratoire Hubert Curien, Université Jean Monnet, 18 Rue Professeur Benoît Lauras, 42000 Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Xxx Sedao
- Laboratoire Hubert Curien, Université Jean Monnet, 18 Rue Professeur Benoît Lauras, 42000 Saint-Étienne, France
- GIE Manutech-USD, 18 Rue Professeur Benoît Lauras, 42000 Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Cyril Mauclair
- Laboratoire Hubert Curien, Université Jean Monnet, 18 Rue Professeur Benoît Lauras, 42000 Saint-Étienne, France
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7
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Ge-Zhang S, Yang H, Ni H, Mu H, Zhang M. Biomimetic superhydrophobic metal/nonmetal surface manufactured by etching methods: A mini review. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:958095. [PMID: 35992341 PMCID: PMC9388738 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.958095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As an emerging fringe science, bionics integrates the understanding of nature, imitation of nature, and surpassing nature in one aspect, and it organically combines the synergistic complementarity of function and structure-function integrated materials which is of great scientific interest. By imitating the microstructure of a natural biological surface, the bionic superhydrophobic surface prepared by human beings has the properties of self-cleaning, anti-icing, water collection, anti-corrosion and oil-water separation, and the preparation research methods are increasing. The preparation methods of superhydrophobic surface include vapor deposition, etching modification, sol-gel, template, electrostatic spinning, and electrostatic spraying, which can be applied to fields such as medical care, military industry, ship industry, and textile. The etching modification method can directly modify the substrate, so there is no need to worry about the adhesion between the coating and the substrate. The most obvious advantage of this method is that the obtained superhydrophobic surface is integrated with the substrate and has good stability and corrosion resistance. In this article, the different preparation methods of bionic superhydrophobic materials were summarized, especially the etching modification methods, we discussed the detailed classification, advantages, and disadvantages of these methods, and the future development direction of the field was prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hong Yang
- College of Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Haiming Ni
- College of Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongbo Mu
- College of Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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8
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Gareev KG, Grouzdev DS, Koziaeva VV, Sitkov NO, Gao H, Zimina TM, Shevtsov M. Biomimetic Nanomaterials: Diversity, Technology, and Biomedical Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:2485. [PMID: 35889709 PMCID: PMC9316400 DOI: 10.3390/nano12142485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Biomimetic nanomaterials (BNMs) are functional materials containing nanoscale components and having structural and technological similarities to natural (biogenic) prototypes. Despite the fact that biomimetic approaches in materials technology have been used since the second half of the 20th century, BNMs are still at the forefront of materials science. This review considered a general classification of such nanomaterials according to the characteristic features of natural analogues that are reproduced in the preparation of BNMs, including biomimetic structure, biomimetic synthesis, and the inclusion of biogenic components. BNMs containing magnetic, metal, or metal oxide organic and ceramic structural elements (including their various combinations) were considered separately. The BNMs under consideration were analyzed according to the declared areas of application, which included tooth and bone reconstruction, magnetic and infrared hyperthermia, chemo- and immunotherapy, the development of new drugs for targeted therapy, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory therapy, and bioimaging. In conclusion, the authors' point of view is given about the prospects for the development of this scientific area associated with the use of native, genetically modified, or completely artificial phospholipid membranes, which allow combining the physicochemical and biological properties of biogenic prototypes with high biocompatibility, economic availability, and scalability of fully synthetic nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil G. Gareev
- Department of Micro and Nanoelectronics, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (N.O.S.); (T.M.Z.)
- Laboratory of Biomedical Nanotechnologies, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Denis S. Grouzdev
- SciBear OU, Tartu mnt 67/1-13b, Kesklinna Linnaosa, 10115 Tallinn, Estonia;
| | - Veronika V. Koziaeva
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Bioengineering, 119071 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Nikita O. Sitkov
- Department of Micro and Nanoelectronics, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (N.O.S.); (T.M.Z.)
- Laboratory of Biomedical Nanotechnologies, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Huile Gao
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;
| | - Tatiana M. Zimina
- Department of Micro and Nanoelectronics, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (N.O.S.); (T.M.Z.)
- Laboratory of Biomedical Nanotechnologies, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Maxim Shevtsov
- Laboratory of Biomedical Nanotechnologies, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Center of Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Personalized Medicine Centre, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 197341 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- National Center for Neurosurgery, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
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9
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Yong J, Yang Q, Hou X, Chen F. Emerging Separation Applications of Surface Superwettability. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:688. [PMID: 35215017 PMCID: PMC8878479 DOI: 10.3390/nano12040688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Human beings are facing severe global environmental problems and sustainable development problems. Effective separation technology plays an essential role in solving these challenges. In the past decades, superwettability (e.g., superhydrophobicity and underwater superoleophobicity) has succeeded in achieving oil/water separation. The mixture of oil and water is just the tip of the iceberg of the mixtures that need to be separated, so the wettability-based separation strategy should be extended to treat other kinds of liquid/liquid or liquid/gas mixtures. This review aims at generalizing the approach of the well-developed oil/water separation to separate various multiphase mixtures based on the surface superwettability. Superhydrophobic and even superoleophobic surface microstructures have liquid-repellent properties, making different liquids keep away from them. Inspired by the process of oil/water separation, liquid polymers can be separated from water by using underwater superpolymphobic materials. Meanwhile, the underwater superaerophobic and superaerophilic porous materials are successfully used to collect or remove gas bubbles in a liquid, thus achieving liquid/gas separation. We believe that the diversified wettability-based separation methods can be potentially applied in industrial manufacture, energy use, environmental protection, agricultural production, and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Yong
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Information, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (J.Y.); (X.H.)
| | - Qing Yang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China;
| | - Xun Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Information, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (J.Y.); (X.H.)
| | - Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Information, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (J.Y.); (X.H.)
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10
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Johnson AP, Sabu C, Nivitha K, Sankar R, Shirin VA, Henna T, Raphey V, Gangadharappa H, Kotta S, Pramod K. Bioinspired and biomimetic micro- and nanostructures in biomedicine. J Control Release 2022; 343:724-754. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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11
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Maragkaki S, Lingos PC, Tsibidis GD, Deligeorgis G, Stratakis E. Impact of Pre-Patterned Structures on Features of Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structures. Molecules 2021; 26:7330. [PMID: 34885913 PMCID: PMC8658884 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficiency of light coupling to surface plasmon polariton (SPP) represents a very important issue in plasmonics and laser fabrication of topographies in various solids. To illustrate the role of pre-patterned surfaces and impact of laser polarisation in the excitation of electromagnetic modes and periodic pattern formation, Nickel surfaces are irradiated with femtosecond laser pulses of polarisation perpendicular or parallel to the orientation of the pre-pattern ridges. Experimental results indicate that for polarisation parallel to the ridges, laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) are formed perpendicularly to the pre-pattern with a frequency that is independent of the distance between the ridges and periodicities close to the wavelength of the excited SPP. By contrast, for polarisation perpendicular to the pre-pattern, the periodicities of the LIPSS are closely correlated to the distance between the ridges for pre-pattern distance larger than the laser wavelength. The experimental observations are interpreted through a multi-scale physical model in which the impact of the interference of the electromagnetic modes is revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Maragkaki
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology—Hellas, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (P.C.L.); (G.D.T.); (G.D.)
| | - Panagiotis C. Lingos
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology—Hellas, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (P.C.L.); (G.D.T.); (G.D.)
| | - George D. Tsibidis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology—Hellas, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (P.C.L.); (G.D.T.); (G.D.)
- Department of Physics, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - George Deligeorgis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology—Hellas, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (P.C.L.); (G.D.T.); (G.D.)
- Department of Physics, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Emmanuel Stratakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology—Hellas, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (P.C.L.); (G.D.T.); (G.D.)
- Department of Physics, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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12
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He W, Ye X, Cui T. Progress of shrink polymer micro- and nanomanufacturing. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2021; 7:88. [PMID: 34790360 PMCID: PMC8566528 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-021-00312-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Traditional lithography plays a significant role in the fabrication of micro- and nanostructures. Nevertheless, the fabrication process still suffers from the limitations of manufacturing devices with a high aspect ratio or three-dimensional structure. Recent findings have revealed that shrink polymers attain a certain potential in micro- and nanostructure manufacturing. This technique, denoted as heat-induced shrink lithography, exhibits inherent merits, including an improved fabrication resolution by shrinking, controllable shrinkage behavior, and surface wrinkles, and an efficient fabrication process. These merits unfold new avenues, compensating for the shortcomings of traditional technologies. Manufacturing using shrink polymers is investigated in regard to its mechanism and applications. This review classifies typical applications of shrink polymers in micro- and nanostructures into the size-contraction feature and surface wrinkles. Additionally, corresponding shrinkage mechanisms and models for shrinkage, and wrinkle parameter control are examined. Regarding the size-contraction feature, this paper summarizes the progress on high-aspect-ratio devices, microchannels, self-folding structures, optical antenna arrays, and nanowires. Regarding surface wrinkles, this paper evaluates the development of wearable sensors, electrochemical sensors, energy-conversion technology, cell-alignment structures, and antibacterial surfaces. Finally, the limitations and prospects of shrink lithography are analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzheng He
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Xiongying Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Tianhong Cui
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 111 Church Street S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
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13
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Wang J, Wan Y, Wang X, Xia Z. Bioinspired Smart Materials With Externally-Stimulated Switchable Adhesion. FRONTIERS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2021.667287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Living organisms have evolved, over billions of years, to develop specialized biostructures with switchable adhesion for various purposes including climbing, perching, preying, sensing, and protecting. According to adhesion mechanisms, switchable adhesives can be divided into four categories: mechanically-based adhesion, liquid-mediated adhesion, physically-actuated adhesion and chemically-enhanced adhesion. Mimicking these biostructures could create smart materials with switchable adhesion, appealing for many engineering applications in robotics, sensors, advanced drug-delivery, protein separation, etc. Progress has been made in developing bioinspired materials with switchable adhesion modulated by external stimuli such as electrical signal, magnetic field, light, temperature, pH value, etc. This review will be focused on new advance in biomimetic design and synthesis of the materials and devices with switchable adhesion. The underlying mechanisms, design principles, and future directions are discussed for the development of high-performance smart surfaces with switchable adhesion.
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14
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Babaliari E, Kavatzikidou P, Mitraki A, Papaharilaou Y, Ranella A, Stratakis E. Combined effect of shear stress and laser-patterned topography on Schwann cell outgrowth: synergistic or antagonistic? Biomater Sci 2021; 9:1334-1344. [PMID: 33367414 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01218a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Although the peripheral nervous system exhibits a higher rate of regeneration than that of the central nervous system through a spontaneous regeneration after injury, the functional recovery is fairly infrequent and misdirected. Thus, the development of successful methods to guide neuronal outgrowth, in vitro, is of great importance. In this study, a precise flow controlled microfluidic system with specific custom-designed chambers, incorporating laser-microstructured polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates comprising microgrooves, was fabricated to assess the combined effect of shear stress and topography on Schwann cells' behavior. The microgrooves were positioned either parallel or perpendicular to the direction of the flow inside the chambers. Additionally, the cell culture results were combined with computational flow simulations to calculate accurately the shear stress values. Our results demonstrated that wall shear stress gradients may be acting either synergistically or antagonistically depending on the substrate groove orientation relative to the flow direction. The ability to control cell alignment in vitro could potentially be used in the fields of neural tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftheria Babaliari
- Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (F.O.R.T.H.), Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (I.E.S.L.) Vassilika Vouton, 70013 Heraklion, Greece.
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15
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Experimental Analysis of Laser Micromachining of Microchannels in Common Microfluidic Substrates. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12020138. [PMID: 33525394 PMCID: PMC7911801 DOI: 10.3390/mi12020138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Laser micromachining technique offers a promising alternative method for rapid production of microfluidic devices. However, the effect of process parameters on the channel geometry and quality of channels on common microfluidic substrates has not been fully understood yet. In this research, we studied the effect of laser system parameters on the microchannel characteristics of Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and microscope glass substrate—three most widely used materials for microchannels. We also conducted a cell adhesion experiment using normal human dermal fibroblasts on laser-machined microchannels on these substrates. A commercial CO2 laser system consisting of a 45W laser tube, circulating water loop within the laser tube and air cooling of the substrate was used for machining microchannels in PDMS, PMMA and glass. Four laser system parameters—speed, power, focal distance, and number of passes were varied to fabricate straight microchannels. The channel characteristics such as depth, width, and shape were measured using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a 3D profilometer. The results show that higher speed produces lower depth while higher laser power produces deeper channels regardless of the substrate materials. Unfocused laser machining produces wider but shallower channels. For the same speed and power, PDMS channels were the widest while PMMA channels were the deepest. Results also showed that the profiles of microchannels can be controlled by increasing the number of passes. With an increased number of passes, both glass and PDMS produced uniform, wider, and more circular channels; in contrast, PMMA channels were sharper at the bottom and skewed. In rapid cell adhesion experiments, PDMS and glass microchannels performed better than PMMA microchannels. This study can serve as a quick reference in material-specific laser-based microchannel fabrications.
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16
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The Role of Crystalline Orientation in the Formation of Surface Patterns on Solids Irradiated with Femtosecond Laser Double Pulses. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10248811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A theoretical investigation of the underlying ultrafast processes upon irradiation of rutile TiO2 of (001) and (100) surface orientation with femtosecond (fs) double pulsed lasers was performed in ablation conditions, for which, apart from mass removal, phase transformation and surface modification of the heated solid were induced. A parametric study was followed to correlate the transient carrier density and the produced lattice temperature with the laser fluence, pulse separation and the induced damage. The simulations showed that both temporal separation and crystal orientation influence the surface pattern, while both the carrier density and temperature drop gradually to a minimum value at temporal separation equal to twice the pulse separation that remain constant at long delays. Carrier dynamics, interference of the laser beam with the excited surface waves, thermal response and fluid transport at various pulse delays explained the formation of either subwavelength or suprawavelength structures. The significant role of the crystalline anisotropy is illustrated through the presentation of representative experimental results correlated with the theoretical predictions.
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17
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Yong J, Yang Q, Hou X, Chen F. Underwater superpolymphobicity: Concept, achievement, and applications. NANO SELECT 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202000212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Yong
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Information School of Electronic Science and Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 PR China
| | - Qing Yang
- School of Mechanical Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 PR China
| | - Xun Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Information School of Electronic Science and Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 PR China
| | - Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Information School of Electronic Science and Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 PR China
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18
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Liu M, Li MT, Xu S, Yang H, Sun HB. Bioinspired Superhydrophobic Surfaces via Laser-Structuring. Front Chem 2020; 8:835. [PMID: 33195040 PMCID: PMC7596381 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioinspired superhydrophobic surfaces are an artificial functional surface that mainly extracts morphological designs from natural organisms. In both laboratory research and industry, there is a need to develop ways of giving large-area surfaces water repellence. Currently, surface modification methods are subject to many challenging requirements such as a need for chemical-free treatment or high surface roughness. Laser micro-nanofabrications are a potential way of addressing these challenges, as they involve non-contact processing and outstanding patterning ability. This review briefly discusses multiple laser patterning methods, which could be used for surface structuring toward creating superhydrophobic surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monan Liu
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mu-Tian Li
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuai Xu
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Han Yang
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hong-Bo Sun
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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19
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Yong J, Yang Q, Hou X, Chen F. Relationship and Interconversion Between Superhydrophilicity, Underwater Superoleophilicity, Underwater Superaerophilicity, Superhydrophobicity, Underwater Superoleophobicity, and Underwater Superaerophobicity: A Mini-Review. Front Chem 2020; 8:828. [PMID: 33134266 PMCID: PMC7511633 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Superwetting surfaces have received increasing attention because of their rich practical applications. Although various superwettabilities are independently achieved, the relationship between those superwettabilities is still not well-clarified. In this mini-review, we show that superhydrophilicity, underwater superoleophilicity, underwater superaerophilicity, superhydrophobicity, underwater superoleophobicity, and underwater superaerophobicity can be obtained on a same structured surface by the combination of hierarchical surface microstructures and proper chemistry. The relationship and interconversion between the above-mentioned different superwettabilities are also well-discussed. We believe that the current discussion and clarification of the relationship and interconversion between different superwettabilities has important significance in the design, fabrication, and applications of various superwetting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Yong
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Information, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qing Yang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xun Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Information, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Information, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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20
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Hu X, Wang Z, Hwang DJ, Cubaud T. Forced Wetting and Dewetting of Water and Oil Droplets on Planar Microfluidic Grids. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:9269-9275. [PMID: 32672977 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally study the wetting behavior of small water and oil droplets spreading and receding from textured surfaces made using a backside laser processing technique. A dual image acquisition system enables the three-dimensional characterization of both wetted area and dynamic contact angles. In particular, we compare droplet growth on smooth surfaces and planar microfluidic grids of various surface coverages and heights and discuss contact angle characterization. The surface texture is shown to trap liquid in microwells during the stick-and-slip motion of advancing contact lines. Receding wetting dynamics of liquid infused substrates shows similarity with forced spreading on smooth surfaces. Contact angle hysteresis is investigated as a function of surface parameters to better delineate specific wetting behaviors of water and oil on laser-processed surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Hu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - David J Hwang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Thomas Cubaud
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
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21
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Angelaki D, Kavatzikidou P, Fotakis C, Stratakis E, Ranella A. Laser-induced topographies enable the spatial patterning of co-cultured peripheral nervous system cells. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 115:111144. [PMID: 32600731 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The peripheral nervous system comprises glia and neurons that receive the necessary cues for their adhesion and proliferation from their extracellular milieu. In this study, a spatial platform of pseudoperiodic morphologies including patterns of nano- and micro- structures on Si were developed via direct ultrafast-laser structuring and were used as substrates for the patterning of co-cultured neuronal cells. The response of murine Schwann (SW10) and Neuro2a (N2a) cells were investigated both in monocultures and in a glia and neuronal co-culture system. Our results denoted that different types of neural tissue cells respond differently to the underlying topography, but furthermore, the presence of the glial cells alters the adhesion behavior of the neuronal cells in their co-culture. Therefore, we envisage that direct laser structuring that enables spatial patterning of the cells of the nervous system in a controllable manner according to the research needs, could in the future be a useful tool for understanding neural network interfaces and their electrical activity, synaptic processes and myelin formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Angelaki
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (IESL-FORTH), Heraklion 711 10, Greece; Department of Physics, University of Crete, Heraklion 710 03, Greece.
| | - P Kavatzikidou
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (IESL-FORTH), Heraklion 711 10, Greece.
| | - C Fotakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (IESL-FORTH), Heraklion 711 10, Greece; Department of Physics, University of Crete, Heraklion 710 03, Greece.
| | - E Stratakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (IESL-FORTH), Heraklion 711 10, Greece; Department of Physics, University of Crete, Heraklion 710 03, Greece.
| | - A Ranella
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (IESL-FORTH), Heraklion 711 10, Greece.
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22
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Zhu C, Lu Y, Sun J, Yu Y. Dynamic Interfacial Regulation by Photodeformable Azobenzene-Containing Liquid Crystal Polymer Micro/Nanostructures. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:6611-6625. [PMID: 32449856 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Photoresponsive materials offer local, temporal, and remote control over their chemical or physical properties under external stimuli, giving new tools for interfacial regulation. Among all, photodeformable azobenzene-containing liquid crystal polymers (azo-LCPs) have received increasing attention because they can be processed into various micro/nanostructures and have the potential to reversibly tune the interfacial properties through chemical and/or morphological variation by light, providing effective dynamic interface regulation. In this feature article, we highlight the milestones in the dynamic regulation of different interfacial properties through micro/nanostructures made of photodeformable azobenzene-containing liquid crystal polymers (azo-LCPs). We describe the preparation of different azo-LCP micro/nanostructures from the aspects of materials and processing techniques and reveal the importance of mesogen orientation toward dynamic interfacial regulation. By introducing our recently developed linear azo-LCP (azo-LLCP) with good mechanical and photoresponsive performances, we discuss the challenge and opportunity with respect to the dynamic light regulation of two- and three-dimensional (2D/3D) micro/nanostructures to tune their related interfacial properties. We have also given our expectation toward exploring photodeformable micro/nanostructures for advanced applications such as in microfluidics, biosensors, and nanotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongyu Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yao Lu
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jiahao Sun
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yanlei Yu
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
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23
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Tsibidis GD, Stratakis E. Ionisation processes and laser induced periodic surface structures in dielectrics with mid-infrared femtosecond laser pulses. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8675. [PMID: 32457397 PMCID: PMC7250856 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65613-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Irradiation of solids with ultrashort pulses and laser processing in the mid-Infrared (mid-IR) spectral region is a yet predominantly unexplored field with a large potential for a wide range of applications. In this work, laser driven physical phenomena associated with processes following irradiation of fused silica (SiO2) with ultrashort laser pulses in the mid-IR region are investigated in detail. A multiscale modelling approach is performed that correlates conditions for formation of perpendicular or parallel to the laser polarisation low spatial frequency periodic surface structures for low and high intensity mid-IR pulses (not previously explored in dielectrics at those wavelengths), respectively. Results demonstrate a remarkable domination of tunneling effects in the photoionisation rate and a strong influence of impact ionisation for long laser wavelengths. The methodology presented in this work is aimed to shed light on the fundamental mechanisms in a previously unexplored spectral area and allow a systematic novel surface engineering with strong mid-IR fields for advanced industrial laser applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- George D Tsibidis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH), N. Plastira 100, Vassilika Vouton, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - Emmanuel Stratakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH), N. Plastira 100, Vassilika Vouton, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department of Physics, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Greece
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24
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Solving a System of Differential Equations Containing a Diffusion Equation with Nonlinear Terms on the Example of Laser Heating in Silicon. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10051853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
We present a finite-difference integration algorithm for solution of a system of differential equations containing a diffusion equation with nonlinear terms. The approach is based on Crank–Nicolson method with predictor–corrector algorithm and provides high stability and precision. Using a specific example of short-pulse laser interaction with semiconductors, we give a detailed description of the method and apply it to the solution of the corresponding system of differential equations, one of which is a nonlinear diffusion equation. The calculated dynamics of the energy density and the number density of photoexcited free carriers upon the absorption of laser energy are presented for the irradiated thin silicon film. The energy conservation within 0.2 % has been achieved for the time step 10 8 times larger than that in case of the explicit scheme, for the chosen numerical setup. The implemented Fortran source code is available in the Supplementary Materials. We also present a few examples of successful application of the method demonstrating its benefits for the theoretical studies of laser–matter interaction problems. Finally, possible extension to 2 and 3 dimensions is discussed.
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25
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Claros M, Setka M, Jimenez YP, Vallejos S. AACVD Synthesis and Characterization of Iron and Copper Oxides Modified ZnO Structured Films. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E471. [PMID: 32150985 PMCID: PMC7153246 DOI: 10.3390/nano10030471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Non-modified (ZnO) and modified (Fe2O3@ZnO and CuO@ZnO) structured films are deposited via aerosol assisted chemical vapor deposition. The surface modification of ZnO with iron or copper oxides is achieved in a second aerosol assisted chemical vapor deposition step and the characterization of morphology, structure, and surface of these new structured films is discussed. X-ray photoelectron spectrometry and X-ray diffraction corroborate the formation of ZnO, Fe2O3, and CuO and the electron microscopy images show the morphological and crystalline characteristics of these structured films. Static water contact angle measurements for these structured films indicate hydrophobic behavior with the modified structures showing higher contact angles compared to the non-modified films. Overall, results show that the modification of ZnO with iron or copper oxides enhances the hydrophobic behavior of the surface, increasing the contact angle of the water drops at the non-modified ZnO structures from 122 to 135 and 145 for Fe2O3@ZnO and CuO@ZnO, respectively. This is attributed to the different surface properties of the films including the morphology and chemical composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Claros
- CEITEC—Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.S.); (S.V.)
| | - Milena Setka
- CEITEC—Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.S.); (S.V.)
| | - Yecid P. Jimenez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Procesos de Minerales, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Antofagasta, 1270300 Antofagasta, Chile;
| | - Stella Vallejos
- CEITEC—Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.S.); (S.V.)
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
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26
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Zuo Y, Zheng L, Zhao C, Liu H. Micro-/Nanostructured Interface for Liquid Manipulation and Its Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1903849. [PMID: 31482672 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201903849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the relationship between liquid manipulation and micro-/nanostructured interfaces has gained much attention due to the wide potential applications in many fields, such as chemical and biomedical assays, environmental protection, industry, and even daily life. Much work has been done to construct various materials with interfacial liquid manipulation abilities, leading to a range of interesting applications. Herein, different fabrication methods from the top-down approach to the bottom-up approach and subsequent surface modifications of micro-/nanostructured interfaces are first introduced. Then, interactions between the surface and liquid, including liquid wetting, liquid transportation, and a number of corresponding models, together with the definition of hydrophilic/hydrophobic, oleophilic/olephobic, the definition and mechanism of superwetting, including superhydrophobicity, superhydrophilicity, and superoleophobicity, are presented. The micro-/nanostructured interface, with major applications in self-cleaning, antifogging, anti-icing, anticorrosion, drag-reduction, oil-water separation, water collection, droplet (micro)array, and surface-directed liquid transport, is summarized, and the mechanisms underlying each application are discussed. Finally, the remaining challenges and future perspectives in this area are included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinxiu Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Liuzheng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
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27
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Papadimitriou L, Manganas P, Ranella A, Stratakis E. Biofabrication for neural tissue engineering applications. Mater Today Bio 2020; 6:100043. [PMID: 32190832 PMCID: PMC7068131 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2020.100043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike other tissue types, the nervous tissue extends to a wide and complex environment that provides a plurality of different biochemical and topological stimuli, which in turn defines the advanced functions of that tissue. As a consequence of such complexity, the traditional transplantation therapeutic methods are quite ineffective; therefore, the restoration of peripheral and central nervous system injuries has been a continuous scientific challenge. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine in the nervous system have provided new alternative medical approaches. These methods use external biomaterial supports, known as scaffolds, to create platforms for the cells to migrate to the injury site and repair the tissue. The challenge in neural tissue engineering (NTE) remains the fabrication of scaffolds with precisely controlled, tunable topography, biochemical cues, and surface energy, capable of directing and controlling the function of neuronal cells toward the recovery from neurological disorders and injuries. At the same time, it has been shown that NTE provides the potential to model neurological diseases in vitro, mainly via lab-on-a-chip systems, especially in cases for which it is difficult to obtain suitable animal models. As a consequence of the intense research activity in the field, a variety of synthetic approaches and 3D fabrication methods have been developed for the fabrication of NTE scaffolds, including soft lithography and self-assembly, as well as subtractive (top-down) and additive (bottom-up) manufacturing. This article aims at reviewing the existing research effort in the rapidly growing field related to the development of biomaterial scaffolds and lab-on-a-chip systems for NTE applications. Besides presenting recent advances achieved by NTE strategies, this work also delineates existing limitations and highlights emerging possibilities and future prospects in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Papadimitriou
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion, 71003, Greece
| | - P. Manganas
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion, 71003, Greece
| | - A. Ranella
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion, 71003, Greece
| | - E. Stratakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion, 71003, Greece
- Physics Department, University of Crete, Heraklion, 71003, Crete, Greece
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Yang L, Wei J, Ma Z, Song P, Ma J, Zhao Y, Huang Z, Zhang M, Yang F, Wang X. The Fabrication of Micro/Nano Structures by Laser Machining. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E1789. [PMID: 31888222 PMCID: PMC6956144 DOI: 10.3390/nano9121789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Micro/nano structures have unique optical, electrical, magnetic, and thermal properties. Studies on the preparation of micro/nano structures are of considerable research value and broad development prospects. Several micro/nano structure preparation techniques have already been developed, such as photolithography, electron beam lithography, focused ion beam techniques, nanoimprint techniques. However, the available geometries directly implemented by those means are limited to the 2D mode. Laser machining, a new technology for micro/nano structural preparation, has received great attention in recent years for its wide application to almost all types of materials through a scalable, one-step method, and its unique 3D processing capabilities, high manufacturing resolution and high designability. In addition, micro/nano structures prepared by laser machining have a wide range of applications in photonics, Surface plasma resonance, optoelectronics, biochemical sensing, micro/nanofluidics, photofluidics, biomedical, and associated fields. In this paper, updated achievements of laser-assisted fabrication of micro/nano structures are reviewed and summarized. It focuses on the researchers' findings, and analyzes materials, morphology, possible applications and laser machining of micro/nano structures in detail. Seven kinds of materials are generalized, including metal, organics or polymers, semiconductors, glass, oxides, carbon materials, and piezoelectric materials. In the end, further prospects to the future of laser machining are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Yang
- Engineering Research Center for Semiconductor Integrated Technology, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China; (L.Y.); (J.W.); (Z.M.); (P.S.); (J.M.); (Y.Z.); (Z.H.); (M.Z.); (F.Y.)
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiangtao Wei
- Engineering Research Center for Semiconductor Integrated Technology, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China; (L.Y.); (J.W.); (Z.M.); (P.S.); (J.M.); (Y.Z.); (Z.H.); (M.Z.); (F.Y.)
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhe Ma
- Engineering Research Center for Semiconductor Integrated Technology, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China; (L.Y.); (J.W.); (Z.M.); (P.S.); (J.M.); (Y.Z.); (Z.H.); (M.Z.); (F.Y.)
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peishuai Song
- Engineering Research Center for Semiconductor Integrated Technology, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China; (L.Y.); (J.W.); (Z.M.); (P.S.); (J.M.); (Y.Z.); (Z.H.); (M.Z.); (F.Y.)
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Engineering Research Center for Semiconductor Integrated Technology, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China; (L.Y.); (J.W.); (Z.M.); (P.S.); (J.M.); (Y.Z.); (Z.H.); (M.Z.); (F.Y.)
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yongqiang Zhao
- Engineering Research Center for Semiconductor Integrated Technology, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China; (L.Y.); (J.W.); (Z.M.); (P.S.); (J.M.); (Y.Z.); (Z.H.); (M.Z.); (F.Y.)
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhen Huang
- Engineering Research Center for Semiconductor Integrated Technology, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China; (L.Y.); (J.W.); (Z.M.); (P.S.); (J.M.); (Y.Z.); (Z.H.); (M.Z.); (F.Y.)
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mingliang Zhang
- Engineering Research Center for Semiconductor Integrated Technology, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China; (L.Y.); (J.W.); (Z.M.); (P.S.); (J.M.); (Y.Z.); (Z.H.); (M.Z.); (F.Y.)
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fuhua Yang
- Engineering Research Center for Semiconductor Integrated Technology, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China; (L.Y.); (J.W.); (Z.M.); (P.S.); (J.M.); (Y.Z.); (Z.H.); (M.Z.); (F.Y.)
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Science, Beijing 100193, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Semiconductor Micro-Nano Integrated Technology, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Engineering Research Center for Semiconductor Integrated Technology, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China; (L.Y.); (J.W.); (Z.M.); (P.S.); (J.M.); (Y.Z.); (Z.H.); (M.Z.); (F.Y.)
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Science, Beijing 100193, China
- School of Microelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Semiconductor Micro-Nano Integrated Technology, Beijing 100083, China
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Yong J, Singh SC, Zhan Z, EIKabbash M, Chen F, Guo C. Femtosecond-Laser-Produced Underwater "Superpolymphobic" Nanorippled Surfaces: Repelling Liquid Polymers in Water for Applications of Controlling Polymer Shape and Adhesion. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2019; 2:7362-7371. [PMID: 31788665 PMCID: PMC6878214 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.9b01869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A femtosecond (fs)-laser-processed surface that repels liquid polymer in water is reported in this paper. We define this phenomenon as the "superpolymphobicity". Three-level microstructures (including microgrooves, micromountains/microholes between the microgrooves, and nanoripples on the whole surface) were directly created on the stainless steel surface via fs laser processing. A liquid polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) droplet on the textured surface had the contact angle of 156 ± 3° and contact angle hysteresis less than 4° in water, indicating excellent underwater superpolymphobicity of the fs-laser-induced hierarchical microstructures. The contact between the resultant superhydrophilic hierarchical microstructures and the submerged liquid PDMS droplet is verified at the underwater Cassie state. The underwater superpolymphobicity enables to design the shape of cured PDMS and selectively avoid the adhesion at the PDMS/substrate interface, different from the previously reported superwettabilities. As the examples, the microlens array and microfluidics system were prepared based on the laser-induced underwater superpolymphobic microstructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Yong
- The
Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
- Shaanxi
Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Information, School of
Electronics & Information Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Subhash C. Singh
- The
Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Zhibing Zhan
- The
Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Mohamed EIKabbash
- The
Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Feng Chen
- Shaanxi
Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Information, School of
Electronics & Information Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Chunlei Guo
- The
Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
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Femtosecond Laser Fabrication of Stable Hydrophilic and Anti-Corrosive Steel Surfaces. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12203428. [PMID: 31635175 PMCID: PMC6829529 DOI: 10.3390/ma12203428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
We report on a novel single-step method to develop steel surfaces with permanent highly hydrophilic and anti-corrosive properties, without employing any chemical coating. It is based on the femtosecond (fs) laser processing in a saturated background gas atmosphere. It is particularly shown that the fs laser microstructuring of steel in the presence of ammonia gas gives rise to pseudoperiodic arrays of microcones exhibiting highly hydrophilic properties, which are stable over time. This is in contrast to the conventional fs laser processing of steel in air, which always provides surfaces with progressively increasing hydrophobicity following irradiation. More importantly, the surfaces subjected to fs laser treatment in ammonia exhibit remarkable anti-corrosion properties, contrary to those processed in air, as well as untreated ones. The combination of two functionalities, namely hydrophilicity and corrosion resistance, together with the facile processing performed directly onto the steel surface, without the need to deposit any coating, opens the way for the laser-based production of high-performance steel components for a variety of applications, including mechanical parts, fluidic components and consumer products.
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31
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George SD, Chidangil S, Mathur D. Minireview: Laser-Induced Formation of Microbubbles-Biomedical Implications. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:10139-10150. [PMID: 30441906 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Recent work is summarized that shows how microbubbles may have potential utility in biomedical situations as (i) highly localized generators of intense white light in an aqueous environment, (ii) disruptors of matter in aqueous solution, (iii) essential precursors in laser-writing structures on substrates on which biological cells can be spatially aligned, and (iv) mediators in the fabrication of hierarchical nanostructures that enhance signals in biological Raman spectroscopy. Indeed, microbubbles generated upon laser irradiation of surfaces have many more ramifications than originally thought, with implications in the laser modification of surfaces producing either hydrophilicity or hydrophobicity. Many more possibilities remain to be explored and exploited.
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Papadopoulos A, Skoulas E, Mimidis A, Perrakis G, Kenanakis G, Tsibidis GD, Stratakis E. Biomimetic Omnidirectional Antireflective Glass via Direct Ultrafast Laser Nanostructuring. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1901123. [PMID: 31231905 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201901123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Here, a single-step, biomimetic approach for the realization of omnidirectional transparent antireflective glass is reported. In particular, it is shown that circularly polarized ultrashort laser pulses produce self-organized nanopillar structures on fused silica (SiO2 ). The laser-induced nanostructures are selectively textured on the glass surface in order to mimic the spatial randomness, pillar-like morphology, as well as the remarkable antireflection properties found on the wings of the glasswing butterfly, Greta oto, and various Cicada species. The artificial structures exhibit impressive antireflective properties, both in the visible and infrared frequency ranges, which are remarkably stable over time. Accordingly, the laser-processed glass surfaces show reflectivity smaller than 1% for various angles of incidence in the visible spectrum for s-p linearly polarized configurations. However, in the near-infrared spectrum, the laser-textured glass shows higher transmittance compared to the pristine. It is envisaged that the current results will revolutionize the technology of antireflective transparent surfaces and impact numerous applications from glass displays to optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonis Papadopoulos
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH), N. Plastira 100, Vassilika Vouton, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Materials Science and Technology Department, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Evangelos Skoulas
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH), N. Plastira 100, Vassilika Vouton, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Materials Science and Technology Department, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Alexandros Mimidis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH), N. Plastira 100, Vassilika Vouton, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Materials Science and Technology Department, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - George Perrakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH), N. Plastira 100, Vassilika Vouton, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Materials Science and Technology Department, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - George Kenanakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH), N. Plastira 100, Vassilika Vouton, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - George D Tsibidis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH), N. Plastira 100, Vassilika Vouton, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Emmanuel Stratakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH), N. Plastira 100, Vassilika Vouton, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Materials Science and Technology Department, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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Wang J, Ding H, Duan G, Zhou H, Song C, Pan J, Li C. Morphology-controllable gold hierarchically micro/nanostructured arrays prepared by electrodeposition on colloidal monolayer and their structurally related wettability. Chem Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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34
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Recent Advances in Femtosecond Laser-Induced Surface Structuring for Oil–Water Separation. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9081554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Femtosecond (FS) laser-induced surface structuring is a robust, maskless, non-contact, and single-step process for producing micro- and nanoscale structures on a material’s surface, which remarkably alters the optical, chemical, wetting, and tribological properties of that material. Wettability control, in particular, is of high significance in various applications, including self-cleaning, anti-fouling, anti-icing, anti-corrosion, and, recently, oil–water separation. Due to growing energy demands and rapid industrialization, oil spill accidents and organic industrial discharges frequently take place. This poses an imminent threat to the environment and has adverse effects on the economy and the ecosystem. Oil–water separation and oil waste management require mechanically robust, durable, low-cost, and highly efficient oil–water manipulation systems. To address this challenge superhydrophobic–superoleophilic and superhydrophilic–underwater superoleophobic membrane filters have shown promising results. However, the recyclability and durability issues of such filters are limiting factors in their industrial application, as well as in their use in oil spill accidents. In this article, we review and discuss the recent progress in the application of FS laser surface structuring in producing durable and robust oil–water separation membrane filters. The wide variety of surface structures produced by FS laser nano- and micromachining are initially presented here, while the excellent wetting characteristics shown by specific femtosecond-induced structures are demonstrated. Subsequently, the working principles of oil–water separation membranes are elaborated, and the most recent advances in the topic are analyzed and discussed.
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Yong J, Singh SC, Zhan Z, Chen F, Guo C. Substrate-Independent, Fast, and Reversible Switching between Underwater Superaerophobicity and Aerophilicity on the Femtosecond Laser-Induced Superhydrophobic Surfaces for Selectively Repelling or Capturing Bubbles in Water. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:8667-8675. [PMID: 30698002 PMCID: PMC6396345 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b21465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the reversible switching between underwater (super-) aerophilicity and superaerophobicity was achieved on various femtosecond (fs) laser-induced superhydrophobic surfaces. A range of materials including Al, stainless steel, Cu, Ni, Si, poly(tetrafluoroethylene), and polydimethylsiloxane were first transformed to superhydrophobic after the formation of surface microstructures through fs laser treatment. These surfaces showed (super-) aerophilicity when immersed in water. In contrast, if the surface was prewetted with ethanol and then dipped into water, the surfaces showed superaerophobicity in water. The underwater aerophilicity of the superhydrophobic substrates could easily recover by drying. The switching between the underwater aerophilicity and superaerophobicity can be fast repeated many cycles and is substrate-independent in stark contrast to common wettability-switchable surfaces based on stimuli-responsive chemistry. Therefore, the as-prepared superhydrophobic surfaces can capture or repel air bubbles in water by selectively switching between underwater superaerophobicity and aerophilicity. Finally, we demonstrated that the underwater bubbles could pass through an underwater aerophilic porous sheet but were intercepted by an underwater superaerophobic porous sheet. The selective passage of the underwater bubbles was achieved by the reversible switching between the underwater aerophilicity and superaerophobicity. We believe that this substrate-independent and fast method of switching air wettability has important applications in controlling air behavior in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Yong
- The
Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
- Shaanxi
Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Information, School of
Electronics & Information Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Subhash C. Singh
- The
Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Zhibing Zhan
- The
Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Feng Chen
- Shaanxi
Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Information, School of
Electronics & Information Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Chunlei Guo
- The
Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
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Yong J, Singh SC, Zhan Z, Chen F, Guo C. How To Obtain Six Different Superwettabilities on a Same Microstructured Pattern: Relationship between Various Superwettabilities in Different Solid/Liquid/Gas Systems. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:921-927. [PMID: 30609378 PMCID: PMC6354231 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A range of different superwettabilities were obtained on femtosecond laser-structured Al surfaces. The formation mechanism of each superwetting state is discussed in this paper. It is revealed that the underwater oil droplet and bubble wettabilities of a solid surface have a close relationship with its water wettability. The laser-induced hierarchical microstructures showed superhydrophilicity in air but showed superoleophobicity/superaerophobicity after immersion in water. When such microstructures were further modified with a low-surface-energy monolayer, the wettability of the resultant surface would turn to superhydrophobicity with ultralow water adhesion in air and superoleophilicity/superaerophilicity in water. The understanding of the relationship among the above-mentioned six different superwettabilities is highly important in the design of various superwetting microstructures, transforming the structures from one superwetting state to another state and better using the artificial superwetting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Yong
- The
Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
- Shaanxi
Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Information, School of
Electronics & Information Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Subhash C. Singh
- The
Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Zhibing Zhan
- The
Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Feng Chen
- Shaanxi
Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Information, School of
Electronics & Information Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunlei Guo
- The
Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
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Dong F, Li Y, Yuan X, Wang P, Yang J, Miao L. Highly transparent thermoresponsive surfaces based on tea-stain-inspired chemistry. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fuxin Dong
- School of Materials Science and Energy Engineering; Foshan University, Jiangwan 1st Road; Foshan Guangdong 528000 People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Li
- School of Materials Science and Energy Engineering; Foshan University, Jiangwan 1st Road; Foshan Guangdong 528000 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Yuan
- School of Materials Science and Energy Engineering; Foshan University, Jiangwan 1st Road; Foshan Guangdong 528000 People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Wang
- School of Materials Science and Energy Engineering; Foshan University, Jiangwan 1st Road; Foshan Guangdong 528000 People's Republic of China
| | - Junjie Yang
- School of Materials Science and Energy Engineering; Foshan University, Jiangwan 1st Road; Foshan Guangdong 528000 People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Miao
- School of Materials Science and Energy Engineering; Foshan University, Jiangwan 1st Road; Foshan Guangdong 528000 People's Republic of China
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Jiao L, Chua ZY, Moon SK, Song J, Bi G, Zheng H. Femtosecond Laser Produced Hydrophobic Hierarchical Structures on Additive Manufacturing Parts. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 8:E601. [PMID: 30087292 PMCID: PMC6116250 DOI: 10.3390/nano8080601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
With the recent expansion of additive manufacturing (AM) in industries, there is an intense need to improve the surface quality of AM parts. A functional surface with extreme wettability would explore the application of AM in medical implants and microfluid. In this research, we propose to superimpose the femtosecond (fs) laser induced period surface structures (LIPSS) in the nanoscale onto AM part surfaces with the micro structures that are fabricated in the AM process. A hierarchical structure that has a similar morphology to a lotus leaf surface is obtained by combining the advantages of liquid assisting fs laser processing and AM. A water contact angle (WCA) of 150° is suggested so that a super hydrophobic surface is achieved. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis indicate that both hierarchical structures and higher carbon content in the laser processed area are responsible for the super hydrophobicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishi Jiao
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
| | - Zhong Yang Chua
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
| | - Seung Ki Moon
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
| | - Jie Song
- Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, Singapore 637662, Singapore.
| | - Guijun Bi
- Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, Singapore 637662, Singapore.
| | - Hongyu Zheng
- Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, Singapore 637662, Singapore.
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China.
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Babaliari E, Kavatzikidou P, Angelaki D, Chaniotaki L, Manousaki A, Siakouli-Galanopoulou A, Ranella A, Stratakis E. Engineering Cell Adhesion and Orientation via Ultrafast Laser Fabricated Microstructured Substrates. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2053. [PMID: 30011926 PMCID: PMC6073590 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19072053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell responses depend on the stimuli received by the surrounding extracellular environment, which provides the cues required for adhesion, orientation, proliferation, and differentiation at the micro and the nano scales. In this study, discontinuous microcones on silicon (Si) and continuous microgrooves on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates were fabricated via ultrashort pulsed laser irradiation at various fluences, resulting in microstructures with different magnitudes of roughness and varying geometrical characteristics. The topographical models attained were specifically developed to imitate the guidance and alignment of Schwann cells for the oriented axonal regrowth that occurs in nerve regeneration. At the same time, positive replicas of the silicon microstructures were successfully reproduced via soft lithography on the biodegradable polymer poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA). The anisotropic continuous (PET) and discontinuous (PLGA replicas) microstructured polymeric substrates were assessed in terms of their influence on Schwann cell responses. It is shown that the micropatterned substrates enable control over cellular adhesion, proliferation, and orientation, and are thus useful to engineer cell alignment in vitro. This property is potentially useful in the fields of neural tissue engineering and for dynamic microenvironment systems that simulate in vivo conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftheria Babaliari
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (F.O.R.T.H.), Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (I.E.S.L.), Vassilika Vouton, 711 10 Heraklion, Greece.
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, 70013 Crete, Greece.
| | - Paraskevi Kavatzikidou
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (F.O.R.T.H.), Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (I.E.S.L.), Vassilika Vouton, 711 10 Heraklion, Greece.
| | - Despoina Angelaki
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (F.O.R.T.H.), Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (I.E.S.L.), Vassilika Vouton, 711 10 Heraklion, Greece.
- Department of Physics, University of Crete, 70013 Crete, Greece.
| | - Lefki Chaniotaki
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, 70013 Crete, Greece.
| | - Alexandra Manousaki
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (F.O.R.T.H.), Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (I.E.S.L.), Vassilika Vouton, 711 10 Heraklion, Greece.
| | | | - Anthi Ranella
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (F.O.R.T.H.), Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (I.E.S.L.), Vassilika Vouton, 711 10 Heraklion, Greece.
| | - Emmanuel Stratakis
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (F.O.R.T.H.), Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (I.E.S.L.), Vassilika Vouton, 711 10 Heraklion, Greece.
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, 70013 Crete, Greece.
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Jun I, Kim K, Chung YW, Shin HJ, Han HS, Edwards JR, Ok MR, Kim YC, Seok HK, Shin H, Jeon H. Effect of spatial arrangement and structure of hierarchically patterned fibrous scaffolds generated by a femtosecond laser on cardiomyoblast behavior. J Biomed Mater Res A 2018; 106:1732-1742. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Indong Jun
- Center for Biomaterials; Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST); Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS); University of Oxford; Oxford OX3 7LD United Kingdom
| | - Kyeongsoo Kim
- Center for Biomaterials; Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST); Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Woo Chung
- Center for Biomaterials; Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST); Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeok Jun Shin
- Department of Bioengineering; Hanyang University; Seoul 04763 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Seop Han
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS); University of Oxford; Oxford OX3 7LD United Kingdom
| | - James R. Edwards
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS); University of Oxford; Oxford OX3 7LD United Kingdom
| | - Myoung-Ryul Ok
- Center for Biomaterials; Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST); Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Chan Kim
- Center for Biomaterials; Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST); Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology; KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology; Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Kwang Seok
- Center for Biomaterials; Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST); Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology; KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology; Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
| | - Heungsoo Shin
- Department of Bioengineering; Hanyang University; Seoul 04763 Republic of Korea
| | - Hojeong Jeon
- Center for Biomaterials; Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST); Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology; KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology; Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
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41
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Kostal E, Stroj S, Kasemann S, Matylitsky V, Domke M. Fabrication of Biomimetic Fog-Collecting Superhydrophilic-Superhydrophobic Surface Micropatterns Using Femtosecond Lasers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:2933-2941. [PMID: 29364677 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b03699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The exciting functionalities of natural superhydrophilic and superhydrophobic surfaces served as inspiration for a variety of biomimetic designs. In particular, the combination of both extreme wetting states to micropatterns opens up interesting applications, as the example of the fog-collecting Namib Desert beetle shows. In this paper, the beetle's elytra were mimicked by a novel three-step fabrication method to increase the fog-collection efficiency of glasses. In the first step, a double-hierarchical surface structure was generated on Pyrex wafers using femtosecond laser structuring, which amplified the intrinsic wetting property of the surface and made it superhydrophilic (water contact angle < 10°). In the second step, a Teflon-like polymer (CF2) n was deposited by a plasma process that turned the laser-structured surface superhydrophobic (water contact angle > 150°). In the last step, the Teflon-like coating was selectively removed by fs-laser ablation to uncover superhydrophilic spots below the superhydrophobic surface, following the example of the Namib Desert beetle's fog-collecting elytra. To investigate the influence on the fog-collection behavior, (super)hydrophilic, (super)hydrophobic, and low and high contrast wetting patterns were fabricated on glass wafers using selected combinations of these three processing steps and were exposed to fog in an artificial nebulizer setup. This experiment revealed that high-contrast wetting patterns collected the highest amount of fog and enhanced the fog-collection efficiency by nearly 60% compared to pristine Pyrex glass. The comparison of the fog-collection behavior of the six samples showed that the superior fog-collection efficiency of surface patterns with extreme wetting contrast is due to the combination of water attraction and water repellency: the superhydrophilic spots act as drop accumulation areas, whereas the surrounding superhydrophobic areas allow a fast water transportation caused by gravity. The presented method enables a fast and flexible surface functionalization of a broad range of materials including transparent substrates, which offers exciting possibilities for the design of biomedical and microfluidic devices.
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42
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Boinovich LB, Sobolev VD, Maslakov KI, Domantovsky AG, Sergeeva IP, Emelyanenko AM. Cation capture and overcharging of a hydrophobized quartz surface in concentrated potassium chloride solutions. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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43
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Con C, Cui B. Surface Nanostructures Formed by Phase Separation of Metal Salt-Polymer Nanocomposite Film for Anti-reflection and Super-hydrophobic Applications. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2017; 12:628. [PMID: 29247270 PMCID: PMC5732115 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-017-2402-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes a simple and low-cost fabrication method for multi-functional nanostructures with outstanding anti-reflective and super-hydrophobic properties. Our method employed phase separation of a metal salt-polymer nanocomposite film that leads to nanoisland formation after etching away the polymer matrix, and the metal salt island can then be utilized as a hard mask for dry etching the substrate or sublayer. Compared to many other methods for patterning metallic hard mask structures, such as the popular lift-off method, our approach involves only spin coating and thermal annealing, thus is more cost-efficient. Metal salts including aluminum nitrate nonahydrate (ANN) and chromium nitrate nonahydrate (CNN) can both be used, and high aspect ratio (1:30) and high-resolution (sub-50 nm) pillars etched into silicon can be achieved readily. With further control of the etching profile by adjusting the dry etching parameters, cone-like silicon structure with reflectivity in the visible region down to a remarkably low value of 2% was achieved. Lastly, by coating a hydrophobic surfactant layer, the pillar array demonstrated a super-hydrophobic property with an exceptionally high water contact angle of up to 165.7°.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celal Con
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology (WIN), University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Bo Cui
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology (WIN), University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
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44
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Formation and Properties of Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structures on Different Glasses. MATERIALS 2017; 10:ma10080933. [PMID: 28796180 PMCID: PMC5578299 DOI: 10.3390/ma10080933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The formation and properties of laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) was investigated on different technically relevant glasses including fused silica, borosilicate glass, and soda-lime-silicate glass under irradiation of fs-laser pulses characterized by a pulse duration τ = 300 fs and a laser wavelength λ = 1025 nm. For this purpose, LIPSS were fabricated in an air environment at normal incidence with different laser peak fluence, pulse number, and repetition frequency. The generated structures were characterized by using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, focused ion beam preparation and Fast-Fourier transformation. The results reveal the formation of LIPSS on all investigated glasses. LIPSS formation on soda-lime-silicate glass is determined by remarkable melt-formation as an intra-pulse effect. Differences between the different glasses concerning the appearing structures, their spatial period and their morphology were discussed based on the non-linear absorption behavior and the temperature-dependent viscosity. The findings facilitate the fabrication of tailored LIPSS-based surface structures on different technically relevant glasses that could be of particular interest for various applications.
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45
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Vöhringer M, Hartleb W, Lienkamp K. Surface Structuring Meets Orthogonal Chemical Modifications: Toward a Technology Platform for Site-Selectively Functionalized Polymer Surfaces and BioMEMS. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 3:909-921. [PMID: 33429563 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A manufacturing process for the site-selective modification of structured (bio)material surfaces with two different polymers/biomolecules is presented. In the first step, a chemical surface contrast is created (e.g., a gold-on-silicon contrast obtained by colloidal lithography), and is combined with two orthogonal surface reactions for polymer/biomolecule immobilization. To demonstrate this, an antimicrobial SMAMP polymer and a protein-repellent polyzwitterion were site-selectively surface-immobilized on the gold-silicon structures. By varying the structure spacing and the surface architecture, structure-property relationships for the interaction of these bifunctional polymer surfaces with bacteria and proteins were obtained (studied by fluorescence microscopy, atomic force microscopy, surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy, and antimicrobial assays). At 1 μm spacing, a fully antimicrobially active bifunctional material was obtained, which also near-quantitatively reduced protein adhesion. As the process is generally applicable to polymers/biomolecules with aliphatic CH-groups, it is an interesting platform technology for site-selectively functionalized bifunctional (Bio)MEMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vöhringer
- Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK) and Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wibke Hartleb
- Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK) and Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Karen Lienkamp
- Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK) and Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
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46
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Vikram Singh A, Gharat T, Batuwangala M, Park B, Endlein T, Sitti M. Three‐dimensional patterning in biomedicine: Importance and applications in neuropharmacology. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2017; 106:1369-1382. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Vikram Singh
- Department of Physical IntelligenceMax Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstr 370569Stuttgart Germany
| | - Tanmay Gharat
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringRensselaer Polytechnic InstituteNew York New York12180
| | - Madu Batuwangala
- Department of Physical IntelligenceMax Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstr 370569Stuttgart Germany
| | - Byung‐Wook Park
- Department of Physical IntelligenceMax Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstr 370569Stuttgart Germany
| | - Thomas Endlein
- Department of Physical IntelligenceMax Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstr 370569Stuttgart Germany
| | - Metin Sitti
- Department of Physical IntelligenceMax Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstr 370569Stuttgart Germany
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47
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Yiannakou C, Simitzi C, Manousaki A, Fotakis C, Ranella A, Stratakis E. Cell patterning via laser micro/nano structured silicon surfaces. Biofabrication 2017; 9:025024. [PMID: 28485302 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aa71c6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The surface topography of biomaterials can have an important impact on cellular adhesion, growth and proliferation. Apart from the overall roughness, the detailed morphological features, at all length scales, significantly affect the cell-biomaterial interactions in a plethora of applications including structural implants, tissue engineering scaffolds and biosensors. In this study, we present a simple, one-step direct laser patterning technique to fabricate nanoripples and dual-rough hierarchical micro/nano structures to control SW10 cell attachment and migration. It is shown that, depending on the laser processing conditions, distinct cell-philic or cell-repellant patterned areas can be attained with a desired motif. We envisage that our technique could enable spatial patterning of cells in a controllable manner, giving rise to advanced capabilities in cell biology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ch Yiannakou
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, 71110, Crete, Greece. Department of Physics, University of Crete, Heraklion, 71003, Crete, Greece
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48
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Skoulas E, Manousaki A, Fotakis C, Stratakis E. Biomimetic surface structuring using cylindrical vector femtosecond laser beams. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45114. [PMID: 28327611 PMCID: PMC5361190 DOI: 10.1038/srep45114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on a new, single-step and scalable method to fabricate highly ordered, multi-directional and complex surface structures that mimic the unique morphological features of certain species found in nature. Biomimetic surface structuring was realized by exploiting the unique and versatile angular profile and the electric field symmetry of cylindrical vector (CV) femtosecond (fs) laser beams. It is shown that, highly controllable, periodic structures exhibiting sizes at nano-, micro- and dual- micro/nano scales can be directly written on Ni upon line and large area scanning with radial and azimuthal polarization beams. Depending on the irradiation conditions, new complex multi-directional nanostructures, inspired by the Shark’s skin morphology, as well as superhydrophobic dual-scale structures mimicking the Lotus’ leaf water repellent properties can be attained. It is concluded that the versatility and features variations of structures formed is by far superior to those obtained via laser processing with linearly polarized beams. More important, by exploiting the capabilities offered by fs CV fields, the present technique can be further extended to fabricate even more complex and unconventional structures. We believe that our approach provides a new concept in laser materials processing, which can be further exploited for expanding the breadth and novelty of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Skoulas
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH), N. Plastira 100, Vassilika Vouton, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.,Materials Science and Technology Department, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Alexandra Manousaki
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH), N. Plastira 100, Vassilika Vouton, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Costas Fotakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH), N. Plastira 100, Vassilika Vouton, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.,Physics Department, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Emmanuel Stratakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH), N. Plastira 100, Vassilika Vouton, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.,Materials Science and Technology Department, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
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49
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Simitzi C, Ranella A, Stratakis E. Controlling the morphology and outgrowth of nerve and neuroglial cells: The effect of surface topography. Acta Biomater 2017; 51:21-52. [PMID: 28069509 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Unlike other tissue types, like epithelial tissue, which consist of cells with a much more homogeneous structure and function, the nervous tissue spans in a complex multilayer environment whose topographical features display a large spectrum of morphologies and size scales. Traditional cell cultures, which are based on two-dimensional cell-adhesive culture dishes or coverslips, are lacking topographical cues and mainly simulate the biochemical microenvironment of the cells. With the emergence of micro- and nano-fabrication techniques new types of cell culture platforms are developed, where the effect of various topographical cues on cellular morphology, proliferation and differentiation can be studied. Different approaches (regarding the material, fabrication technique, topographical characteristics, etc.) have been implemented. The present review paper aims at reviewing the existing body of literature on the use of artificial micro- and nano-topographical features to control neuronal and neuroglial cells' morphology, outgrowth and neural network topology. The cell responses-from phenomenology to investigation of the underlying mechanisms- on the different topographies, including both deterministic and random ones, are summarized. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE There is increasing evidence that physical cues, such as topography, can have a significant impact on the neural cell functions. With the aid of micro-and nanofabrication techniques, new types of cell culture platforms are developed and the effect of surface topography on the cells has been studied. The present review article aims at reviewing the existing body of literature reporting on the use of various topographies to study and control the morphology and functions of cells from nervous tissue, i.e. the neuronal and the neuroglial cells. The cell responses-from phenomenology to investigation of the underlying mechanisms- on the different topographies, including both deterministic and random ones, are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Simitzi
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - A Ranella
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - E Stratakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion 71003, Greece.
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50
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Ultrafast Laser Fabrication of Functional Biochips: New Avenues for Exploring 3D Micro- and Nano-Environments. MICROMACHINES 2017. [PMCID: PMC6190139 DOI: 10.3390/mi8020040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lab-on-a-chip biological platforms have been intensively developed during the last decade since emerging technologies have offered possibilities to manufacture reliable devices with increased spatial resolution and 3D configurations. These biochips permit testing chemical reactions with nanoliter volumes, enhanced sensitivity in analysis and reduced consumption of reagents. Due to the high peak intensity that allows multiphoton absorption, ultrafast lasers can induce local modifications inside transparent materials with high precision at micro- and nanoscale. Subtractive manufacturing based on laser internal modification followed by wet chemical etching can directly fabricate 3D micro-channels in glass materials. On the other hand, additive laser manufacturing by two-photon polymerization of photoresists can grow 3D polymeric micro- and nanostructures with specific properties for biomedical use. Both transparent materials are ideal candidates for biochips that allow exploring phenomena at cellular levels while their processing with a nanoscale resolution represents an excellent opportunity to get more insights on biological aspects. We will review herein the laser fabrication of transparent microfluidic and optofluidic devices for biochip applications and will address challenges associated with their potential. In particular, integrated micro- and optofluidic systems will be presented with emphasis on the functionality for biological applications. It will be shown that ultrafast laser processing is not only an instrument that can tailor appropriate 3D environments to study living microorganisms and to improve cell detection or sorting but also a tool to fabricate appropriate biomimetic structures for complex cellular analyses. New advances open now the avenue to construct miniaturized organs of desired shapes and configurations with the goal to reproduce life processes and bypass in vivo animal or human testing.
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