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Luo J, Wang X, Tong B, Li Z, Rocchi LA, Di Lisio V, Cangialosi D, Zuo B. Length Scale of Molecular Motions Governing Glass Equilibration in Hyperquenched and Slow-Cooled Polystyrene. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:357-363. [PMID: 38175163 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Polymer glasses attain thermodynamic equilibrium owing to structural relaxation at various length scales. Herein, calorimetry experiments were conducted to trace the macroscopic relaxation of slow-cooled (SC) and hyperquenched (HQ) polystyrene (PS) glasses and based on detailed comparisons with molecular dynamics probed by dye reorientation, we discussed the possible molecular process governing the equilibration of PS glasses near the glass transition temperatures (Tg). Both SC and HQ glasses equilibrate owing to the cooperative segment motion above a characteristic temperature (Tc) slightly lower than the Tg. In contrast, below the Tc, the localized backbone motion with an apparent activation energy of 290 ± 20 kJ/mol, involving approximately six repeating units, assists equilibrium recovery of PS glasses on the experimentally accessible time scales. The results possibly indicate the presence of an alternative mechanism other than the α-cooperative process controlling physical aging of materials in their deep glassy states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintian Luo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Ben Tong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Lorenzo Augusto Rocchi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome "La Sapienza", P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio Di Lisio
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Daniele Cangialosi
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Biao Zuo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center of Advanced Textile Technology, Shaoxing 312000, China
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2
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Di Lisio V, Gallino I, Riegler SS, Frey M, Neuber N, Kumar G, Schroers J, Busch R, Cangialosi D. Size-dependent vitrification in metallic glasses. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4698. [PMID: 37542023 PMCID: PMC10403508 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40417-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Reducing the sample size can profoundly impact properties of bulk metallic glasses. Here, we systematically reduce the length scale of Au and Pt-based metallic glasses and study their vitrification behavior and atomic mobility. For this purpose, we exploit fast scanning calorimetry (FSC) allowing to study glassy dynamics in an exceptionally wide range of cooling rates and frequencies. We show that the main α relaxation process remains size independent and bulk-like. In contrast, we observe pronounced size dependent vitrification kinetics in micrometer-sized glasses, which is more evident for the smallest samples and at low cooling rates, resulting in more than 40 K decrease in fictive temperature, Tf, with respect to the bulk. We discuss the deep implications on how this outcome can be used to convey glasses to low energy states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Di Lisio
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Isabella Gallino
- Saarland University, Chair of Metallic Materials, Campus C6.3, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.
| | | | - Maximilian Frey
- Saarland University, Chair of Metallic Materials, Campus C6.3, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Nico Neuber
- Saarland University, Chair of Metallic Materials, Campus C6.3, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Golden Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Jan Schroers
- Yale University, Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ralf Busch
- Saarland University, Chair of Metallic Materials, Campus C6.3, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Daniele Cangialosi
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain.
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain.
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3
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Chan C, Huo Q, Kumar A, Shi Y, Hong H, Du Y, Ren S, Wong K, Yip C. Heterogeneity and Memory Effect in the Sluggish Dynamics of Vacancy Defects in Colloidal Disordered Crystals and Their Implications to High-Entropy Alloys. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2205522. [PMID: 36310387 PMCID: PMC9799019 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Vacancy dynamics of high-density 2D colloidal crystals with a polydispersity in particle size are studied experimentally. Heterogeneity in vacancy dynamics is observed. Inert vacancies that hardly hop to other lattice sites and active vacancies that hop frequently between different lattice sites are found within the same samples. The vacancies show high probabilities of first hopping from one lattice site to another neighboring lattice site, then staying at the new site for some time, and later hopping back to the original site in the next hop. This back-returning hop probability increases monotonically with the increase in packing fraction, up to 83%. This memory effect makes the active vacancies diffuse sluggishly or even get trapped in local regions. Strain-induced vacancy motion on a distorted lattice is also observed. New glassy properties in the disordered crystals are discovered, including the dynamical heterogeneity, the presence of cooperative rearranging regions, memory effect, etc. Similarities between the colloidal disordered crystals and the high-entropy alloys (HEAs) are also discussed. Molecular dynamics simulations further support the experimental observations. These results help to understand the microscopic origin of the sluggish dynamics in materials with ordered structures but in random energy landscapes, such as high-entropy alloys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chor‐Hoi Chan
- Faculty of ScienceHarbin Institute of Technology ShenzhenShenzhen518055China
| | - Qingxiao Huo
- Faculty of ScienceHarbin Institute of Technology ShenzhenShenzhen518055China
| | - Anupam Kumar
- Faculty of ScienceHarbin Institute of Technology ShenzhenShenzhen518055China
| | - Yunhong Shi
- Faculty of ScienceHarbin Institute of Technology ShenzhenShenzhen518055China
| | - Huihui Hong
- Faculty of ScienceHarbin Institute of Technology ShenzhenShenzhen518055China
| | - Yitong Du
- Faculty of ScienceHarbin Institute of Technology ShenzhenShenzhen518055China
| | - Simiao Ren
- Department of Applied PhysicsHong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomHong KongChina
- Present address:
Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringDuke UniversityDurhamNC27705USA
| | - Kin‐Ping Wong
- Department of Applied PhysicsHong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomHong KongChina
| | - Cho‐Tung Yip
- Faculty of ScienceHarbin Institute of Technology ShenzhenShenzhen518055China
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4
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Song Z, Rodríguez-Tinoco C, Mathew A, Napolitano S. Fast equilibration mechanisms in disordered materials mediated by slow liquid dynamics. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm7154. [PMID: 35427165 PMCID: PMC9012462 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm7154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The rate at which a nonequilibrium system decreases its free energy is commonly ascribed to molecular relaxation processes, arising from spontaneous rearrangements at the microscopic scale. While equilibration of liquids usually requires density fluctuations at time scales quickly diverging upon cooling, growing experimental evidence indicates the presence of a different, alternative pathway of weaker temperature dependence. Such equilibration processes exhibit a temperature-invariant activation energy, on the order of 100 kJ mol-1. Here, we identify the underlying molecular process responsible for this class of Arrhenius equilibration mechanisms with a slow mode (SAP), universally observed in the liquid dynamics of thin films. The SAP, which we show is intimately connected to high-temperature flow, can efficiently drive melts and glasses toward more stable, less energetic states. Our results show that measurements of liquid dynamics can be used to predict the equilibration rate in the glassy state.
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5
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Ogbonna VE, Popoola API, Popoola OM, Adeosun SO. A review on the recent advances on improving the properties of epoxy nanocomposites for thermal, mechanical, and tribological applications: challenges and recommendations. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2021.1967391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- V. E. Ogbonna
- Chemical, Metallurgical & Materials Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - A. P. I. Popoola
- Chemical, Metallurgical & Materials Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - O. M. Popoola
- Centre for Energy and Power, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - S. O. Adeosun
- Metallurgical & Materials Engineering, University of Lagos, Yaba, Nigeria
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6
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Randazzo K, Bartkiewicz M, Graczykowski B, Cangialosi D, Fytas G, Zuo B, Priestley RD. Direct Visualization and Characterization of Interfacially Adsorbed Polymer atop Nanoparticles and within Nanocomposites. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn Randazzo
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | | | - Bartlomiej Graczykowski
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 2, Poznan 61-614, Poland
| | - Daniele Cangialosi
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU), Paseo Manuel de Lardizábal 5, San Sebastián 20018, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizábal 4, 20018, San Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | - George Fytas
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Biao Zuo
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Rodney D. Priestley
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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7
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Monnier X, Colmenero J, Wolf M, Cangialosi D. Reaching the Ideal Glass in Polymer Spheres: Thermodynamics and Vibrational Density of States. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:118004. [PMID: 33798388 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.118004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The existence of an ideal glass and the resolution to the Kauzmann paradox is a long-standing open question in materials science. To address this problem, we exploit the ability of glasses with large interfacial area to access low energy states. We submit aggregates of spheres of a polymeric glass former to aging well below their glass transition temperature, T_{g}; and characterize their thermodynamic state by calorimetry, and the vibrational density of state (VDOS) by inelastic neutron scattering (INS). We show that, when aged at appropriate temperatures, glassy spheres attain a thermodynamic state corresponding to an ideal glass in time scales of about one day. In this state, the boson peak, underlying the deviation from the Debye level of the VDOS, is essentially suppressed. Our results are discussed in the framework of the link between the macroscopic thermodynamic state of glasses and their vibrational properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Monnier
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Juan Colmenero
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Departamento de Fisica de Materiales (UPV/EHU), Apartado 1072, 20080 San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Fisica de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU) Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Marcel Wolf
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Lichtenbergstrasse 1 85747, Garching, Germany
| | - Daniele Cangialosi
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Fisica de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU) Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
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8
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Xu Q, Zhu N, Fang H, Wang X, Priestley RD, Zuo B. Decoupling Role of Film Thickness and Interfacial Effect on Polymer Thin Film Dynamics. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:1-8. [PMID: 35548993 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The film thickness and substrate interface are the two most common parameters to tune the dynamics of supported thin films. Here, we investigated the glass transition temperature (Tg) and thermal expansion of thin poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) films with various thicknesses and different interfacial effects. We showed that, although the Tg of the thin films can be modulated equivalently by the two factors, their ability to change the expansivity (β) is quite different; that is, β increases notably with a reduction in the thickness, while it is insensitive to perturbations at the interface. We attribute the deviation in modulating β by the thickness and the interfacial effect to the disparate abilities to change the free volume content in the film by a free surface and substrate interface. This leads to a situation where thin films with dissimilar thicknesses and interfacial properties can have the same Tg but very different β values, suggesting that Tg alone cannot unequivocally quantify thin film dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanyin Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Ningtao Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Huasong Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Xinping Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Rodney D. Priestley
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Biao Zuo
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
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9
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Frieberg BR, Glynos E, Sakellariou G, Tyagi M, Green PF. Effect of Molecular Stiffness on the Physical Aging of Polymers. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Emmanouil Glynos
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology—Hellas, P.O. Box 1385, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Georgios Sakellariou
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis
Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Madhusudan Tyagi
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Department of Materials Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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10
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Golovchak R, Brennan C, Fletcher J, Ignatova T, Jain H. Dynamics of structural relaxation in bioactive 45S5 glass. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 32:295401. [PMID: 32187590 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab80f3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Kinetics of physical aging in archetypic 45S5 bioactive silicate glass composition with different types of phase separation are studied in situ below the glass transition temperature (T g). The qualitative nature of aging is found to be almost independent of the structural differences on the micrometer scale. A well-expressed step-like behavior in the enthalpy recovery kinetics is observed for aging temperatures T a ∼ 0.90T g and T a ∼ 0.85T g, which, however, disappears when the aging occurs at T a ∼ 0.95T g. The overall kinetics are described by a stretched-exponential function with stretching exponent close to 3/7 at T a ∼ 0.95T g, and 1/3 when the aging temperature drops to ∼0.90T g and below. The values correlate well with the predictions of Phillips' diffusion-to-traps and percolating fractals models. Appearance of step-like behavior at larger departure from T g is attributed to the hierarchical scheme of approaching equilibrium based on an alignment-shrinkage mechanism of physical aging proposed earlier for chalcogenide glasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Golovchak
- Department of Physics, Engineering and Astronomy, Austin Peay State University, Clarksville, TN 37044, United States of America
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11
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Towards a Deeper Understanding of Creep and Physical Aging Behavior of the Emulsion Polymer Isocyanate. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12061425. [PMID: 32604742 PMCID: PMC7362257 DOI: 10.3390/polym12061425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Information of the relaxation behaviors of polymer film is crucial to judge the durability of emulsion polymer isocyanate (EPI) as a structural adhesive for bonding timber-based products. A sequence of tensile creep tests and free volume evaluation of the cured EPI adhesive films during isothermal condition were carried out by dynamic mechanical analysis and positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy, respectively. It is the first time to explore the creep response and physical aging of the EPI film, as well as associated microstructural evolution. The results indicate that the creep characteristics of the glassy EPI coating intimately depend upon the crosslinker and elapsed time, and the ideal momentary creep master curve can be constructed in terms of modified horizontal shifting method. Furthermore, the relaxation process is found to be dominated by vacancy diffusion mechanism. In addition, increasing the polymeric isocyanate content can significantly enhance the resistance to creep deformation of EPI films, but also accelerate the physical aging process. Due to a higher packing degree of pure polymer films, the EPI films with aqueous emulsified isocyanate exhibit much better relaxation resistance compared to that with general isocyanate crosslinker.
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12
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Napolitano S. Irreversible adsorption of polymer melts and nanoconfinement effects. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:5348-5365. [PMID: 32419002 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00361a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
For almost a decade, growing experimental evidence has revealed a strong correlation between the properties of nanoconfined polymers and the number of chains irreversibly adsorbed onto nonrepulsive interfaces, e.g. the supporting substrate of thin polymer coatings, or nanofillers dispersed in polymer melts. Based on such a correlation, it has already been possible to tailor structural and dynamics properties - such as the glass transition temperature, the crystallization rate, the thermal expansion coefficients, the viscosity and the wettability - of nanomaterials by controlling the adsorption kinetics. This evidence indicates that irreversible adsorption affects nanoconfinement effects. More recently, also the opposite phenomenon was experimentally observed: nanoconfinement alters interfacial interactions and, consequently, also the number of chains adsorbed in equilibrium conditions. In this review we discuss this intriguing interplay between irreversible adsorption and nanoconfinement effects in ultrathin polymer films. After introducing the methods currently used to prepare adsorbed layers and to measure the number of irreversibly adsorbed chains, we analyze the models employed to describe the kinetics of adsorption in polymer melts. We then discuss the structure of adsorbed polymer layers, focusing on the complex macromolecular architecture of interfacial chains and on their thermal expansion; we examine the way in which the structure of the adsorbed layer affects the thermal glass transition temperature, vitrification, and crystallization. By analyzing segmental dynamics of 1D confined systems, we describe experiments to track the changes in density during adsorption. We conclude this review with an analysis of the impact of nanoconfinement on adsorption, and a perspective on future work where we also address the key ideas of irreversibility, equilibration and long-range interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Napolitano
- Laboratory of Polymer and Soft Matter Dynamics, Experimental Soft Matter and Thermal Physics (EST), Faculté des Sciences, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, Bruxelles 1050, Belgium.
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13
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Ma MC, Guo YL. Physical Properties of Polymers Under Soft and Hard Nanoconfinement: A Review. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-020-2380-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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14
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Robles-Hernández B, Monnier X, Pomposo JA, Gonzalez-Burgos M, Cangialosi D, Alegría A. Glassy Dynamics of an All-Polymer Nanocomposite Based on Polystyrene Single-Chain Nanoparticles. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Robles-Hernández
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Apartado 1072, 20080 San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Xavier Monnier
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Jose A. Pomposo
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Apartado 1072, 20080 San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE-Basque Foundation for Science, María Díaz de Haro 3, E-48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Marina Gonzalez-Burgos
- Centro de Física de Materiales, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Daniele Cangialosi
- Centro de Física de Materiales, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Angel Alegría
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Apartado 1072, 20080 San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
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15
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Ma M, Guo Y. Accelerated Aging of PS Blocks in PS- b-PMMA Diblock Copolymer under Hard Confinement. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:2448-2453. [PMID: 30763094 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b12565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This letter presents an accelerated physical aging of polystyrene (PS) blocks in polystyrene- block-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS- b-PMMA) diblock copolymers under hard confinement. The three-dimensional hard nanoconfinement was provided by the PMMA component owing to its high elasticity and was formed via self-assembled microphase separation. Aging was observed by measuring enthalpy recovery of the PS blocks in the copolymers for which the degree of polymerization ( N) of PS blocks is fixed, whereas the N of PMMA blocks varies. Our results demonstrate that the aging speed of the PS blocks can increase by a factor of three to that of the neat PS as the N of PMMA blocks increases. Therefore, the hard confinement accelerates physical aging of the PS blocks, i.e., the relatively soft component in the copolymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchao Ma
- University of Michigan , Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Yunlong Guo
- University of Michigan , Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute , Shanghai 200240 , China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China
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16
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A Coupled Thermodynamic Model for Transport Properties of Thin Films during Physical Aging. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11030387. [PMID: 30960371 PMCID: PMC6473586 DOI: 10.3390/polym11030387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A coupled diffusion model based on continuum thermodynamics is developed to quantitatively describe the transport properties of glassy thin films during physical aging. The coupled field equations are then embodied and applied to simulate the transport behaviors of O2 and CO2 within aging polymeric membranes to validate the model and demonstrate the coupling phenomenon, respectively. It is found that due to the introduction of the concentration gradient, the proposed direct calculating method on permeability can produce relatively better consistency with the experimental results for various film thicknesses. In addition, by assuming that the free volume induced by lattice contraction is renewed upon CO2 exposure, the experimental permeability of O2 within Matrimid® thin film after short-time exposure to CO2 is well reproduced in this work. Remarkably, with the help of the validated straightforward permeability calculation method and free volume recovery mechanism, the permeability behavior of CO2 is also well elucidated, with the results implying that the transport process of CO2 and the variation of free volume are strongly coupled.
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17
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Andersen E, Mikkelsen R, Kristiansen S, Hinge M. Accelerated physical ageing of poly(1,4-cyclohexylenedimethylene-co-2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol terephthalate). RSC Adv 2019; 9:14209-14219. [PMID: 35692892 PMCID: PMC9122620 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra00925f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(1,4-cyclohexylenedimethylene-co-2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol terephthalate) shows physical ageing, without chemical degradation, resulting in 80% impact toughness decrease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Andersen
- Plastic and Polymer Engineering
- Department of Engineering
- Aarhus University
- Denmark
- LEGO System A/S
| | | | | | - Mogens Hinge
- Plastic and Polymer Engineering
- Department of Engineering
- Aarhus University
- Denmark
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18
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Ma M, Huang Y, Guo Y. Enthalpy Relaxation and Morphology Evolution in Polystyrene-b-poly(methyl methacrylate) Diblock Copolymer. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Germscheid W, de Gorre LG, Sullivan B, O’Neill C, Price RB, Labrie D. Post-curing in dental resin-based composites. Dent Mater 2018; 34:1367-1377. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2018.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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20
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Zhang G, Lu S, Ke Y. Effects of silica nanoparticles on tribology performance of poly(Epoxy Resin‐Bismaleimide)‐based nanocomposites. POLYM ENG SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Zhang
- State Key Lab of Heavy Oil ProcessingChina University of PetroleumBeijing China
| | - Shichao Lu
- State Key Lab of Heavy Oil ProcessingChina University of PetroleumBeijing China
| | - Yangchuan Ke
- State Key Lab of Heavy Oil ProcessingChina University of PetroleumBeijing China
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21
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Cangialosi D. Glass Transition and Physical Aging of Confined Polymers Investigated by Calorimetric Techniques. RECENT ADVANCES, TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64062-8.00013-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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22
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Burroughs MJ, Christie D, Gray LAG, Chowdhury M, Priestley RD. 21st Century Advances in Fluorescence Techniques to Characterize Glass‐Forming Polymers at the Nanoscale. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201700368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mary J. Burroughs
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Princeton University Princeton NJ 08544 USA
| | - Dane Christie
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Princeton University Princeton NJ 08544 USA
| | - Laura A. G. Gray
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Princeton University Princeton NJ 08544 USA
| | - Mithun Chowdhury
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Princeton University Princeton NJ 08544 USA
| | - Rodney D. Priestley
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials Princeton University Princeton NJ 08544 USA
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23
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Napolitano S, Sferrazza M. How irreversible adsorption affects interfacial properties of polymers. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 247:172-177. [PMID: 28202131 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Growing experimental evidence shows that the behavior of polymer chains confined at the nanoscale level strongly depends on the degree of adsorption correlated to the number density of monomers pinned onto the supporting substrate. In this contribution, after introducing the physics behind the mechanisms of irreversible adsorption, we review recent experimental observations on how adsorption affects properties of polymer melts confined in 1D, focusing on those related to the thermal glass transition, maximum water uptake, viscosity and crystallization. These findings strongly support a new physical framework of confined soft matter, not trivially limited to finite size effects and interfacial interactions, but also enriched by non-equilibrium phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Napolitano
- Laboratory of Polymer and Soft Matter Dynamics, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, Bâtiment NO, Bruxelles 1050, Belgium.
| | - Michele Sferrazza
- Département de Physique, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, Bruxelles 1050, Belgium
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24
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Cao X, Zhang H, Han Y. Release of free-volume bubbles by cooperative-rearrangement regions during the deposition growth of a colloidal glass. Nat Commun 2017; 8:362. [PMID: 28842562 PMCID: PMC5572473 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00428-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Vapor deposition can directly produce ultrastable glasses which are similar to conventional glasses aged over thousands of years. The highly mobile surface layer is believed to accelerate the ageing process of vapor-deposited glasses, but its microscopic kinetics have not been experimentally observed. Here we study the deposition growth kinetics of a two-dimensional colloidal glass at the single-particle level using video microscopy. We observe that newly deposited particles in the surface layer (depth, d < 14 particles) relax via out-of-cage diffusions of individual particles, while particles in the deeper middle layer (14 < d ≲ 100 particles) relax via activation of cooperative-rearrangement regions. These cooperative-rearrangement regions are much larger, more anisotropic and occur more frequently than cooperative-rearrangement regions in the bulk (d ≳ 100 particles) or after deposition. Cooperative-rearrangement regions move towards the surface and released free-volume bubbles at the surface, while the particles within cooperative-rearrangement regions move towards the bulk, resulting in a more compact bulk glass.Vapor deposition can produce ultrastable glasses similar to conventional glasses aged over thousands of years. Here authors study deposition growth kinetics of a two-dimensional colloidal glass and report relatively frequent occurrence of large and anisotropic regions of cooperative rearrangements at intermediate depths from the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Cao
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, 999077, SAR, China
| | - Huijun Zhang
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, 999077, SAR, China
| | - Yilong Han
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, 999077, SAR, China.
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25
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Koutsoumpis S, Raftopoulos KN, Oguz O, Papadakis CM, Menceloglu YZ, Pissis P. Dynamic glass transition of the rigid amorphous fraction in polyurethane-urea/SiO 2 nanocomposites. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:4580-4590. [PMID: 28590480 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm00397h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report molecular dynamics in the rigid amorphous fraction (RAF) of the polymer bound at the interfaces with nanoparticles in polymer nanocomposites and calculate the glass transition temperature, Tg, for this bound layer of polymer. We follow the '3-phase-model' for semicrystalline polymers where the polymer matrix consists of the crystalline fraction (CF), the mobile amorphous fraction (MAF) and the RAF. While the amorphous polymer bound by crystallites is completely rigid, neither contributing to the glass transition, nor displaying molecular dynamics, the amorphous polymer bound at the interfaces with filler displays decelerated dynamics, as compared to the bulk polymer. Reports in the literature suggest a discrepancy between Tg values obtained by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and by Dielectric Relaxation Spectroscopy (DRS). As a plausible explanation we suggest that DRS results in Tg values taking into account the bound polymer, whereas DSC does not. For this investigation we use semicrystalline polyurethane-urea/SiO2 nanocomposites and employ, next to DSC and DRS, SEM, SAXS and WAXS for morphological characterization. It is our intention to use DRS as a tool for investigating the RAF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanos Koutsoumpis
- National Technical University of Athens, Heroon Polytechniou 9, 15780 Zografou, Greece.
| | - Konstantinos N Raftopoulos
- Physik-Department, Fachgebiet Physik weicher Materie, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany and Department of Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Cracow University of Technology, ul. Warszawska 24, 31-155 Kraków, Poland
| | - Oguzhan Oguz
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Materials Science and Nano Engineering, Sabanci University, 34956, Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey and Sabanci University Integrated Manufacturing Technologies Research and Application Center & Composite Technologies Center of Excellence, Teknopark Istanbul, 34906, Pendik, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Christine M Papadakis
- Physik-Department, Fachgebiet Physik weicher Materie, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Yusuf Z Menceloglu
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Materials Science and Nano Engineering, Sabanci University, 34956, Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey and Sabanci University Integrated Manufacturing Technologies Research and Application Center & Composite Technologies Center of Excellence, Teknopark Istanbul, 34906, Pendik, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Polycarpos Pissis
- National Technical University of Athens, Heroon Polytechniou 9, 15780 Zografou, Greece.
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26
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Frieberg BR, Glynos E, Stathouraki M, Sakellariou G, Green PF. Glassy Dynamics of Polymers with Star-Shaped Topologies: Roles of Molecular Functionality, Arm Length, and Film Thickness. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Emmanouil Glynos
- Institute
of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology − Hellas, P.O. Box 1385, Heraklion, Crete GR 71110, Greece
| | - Malvina Stathouraki
- Department
of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis,
Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Sakellariou
- Department
of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis,
Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
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27
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Napolitano S, Glynos E, Tito NB. Glass transition of polymers in bulk, confined geometries, and near interfaces. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2017; 80:036602. [PMID: 28134134 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aa5284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
When cooled or pressurized, polymer melts exhibit a tremendous reduction in molecular mobility. If the process is performed at a constant rate, the structural relaxation time of the liquid eventually exceeds the time allowed for equilibration. This brings the system out of equilibrium, and the liquid is operationally defined as a glass-a solid lacking long-range order. Despite almost 100 years of research on the (liquid/)glass transition, it is not yet clear which molecular mechanisms are responsible for the unique slow-down in molecular dynamics. In this review, we first introduce the reader to experimental methodologies, theories, and simulations of glassy polymer dynamics and vitrification. We then analyse the impact of connectivity, structure, and chain environment on molecular motion at the length scale of a few monomers, as well as how macromolecular architecture affects the glass transition of non-linear polymers. We then discuss a revised picture of nanoconfinement, going beyond a simple picture based on interfacial interactions and surface/volume ratio. Analysis of a large body of experimental evidence, results from molecular simulations, and predictions from theory supports, instead, a more complex framework where other parameters are relevant. We focus discussion specifically on local order, free volume, irreversible chain adsorption, the Debye-Waller factor of confined and confining media, chain rigidity, and the absolute value of the vitrification temperature. We end by highlighting the molecular origin of distributions in relaxation times and glass transition temperatures which exceed, by far, the size of a chain. Fast relaxation modes, almost universally present at the free surface between polymer and air, are also remarked upon. These modes relax at rates far larger than those characteristic of glassy dynamics in bulk. We speculate on how these may be a signature of unique relaxation processes occurring in confined or heterogeneous polymeric systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Napolitano
- Laboratory of Polymer and Soft Matter Dynamics, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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28
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Neubauer N, Treß M, Winkler R, Mapesa EU, Kipnusu WK, Uhlmann P, Kremer F. Molecular Dynamics of Swollen Poly(2-vinylpyridine) Brushes. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nils Neubauer
- Institute
of Experimental Physics I, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Treß
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1600, United States
| | - René Winkler
- Leibniz-Institut
für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Wycliffe Kiprop Kipnusu
- Institute
of Experimental Physics I, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Leibniz-Institut
für Oberflächenmodifizierung e.V., 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Petra Uhlmann
- Leibniz-Institut
für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Friedrich Kremer
- Institute
of Experimental Physics I, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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29
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Ramakrishnan V, Harsiny S, Goossens JGP, Hoeks TL, Peters GWM. Physical aging in polycarbonate nanocomposites containing grafted nanosilica particles: A comparison between enthalpy and yield stress evolution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.24125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vaidyanath Ramakrishnan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Eindhoven University of Technology; P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Sepehr Harsiny
- Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry; Eindhoven University of Technology; P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Johannes G. P. Goossens
- Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry; Eindhoven University of Technology; P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Theodorus L. Hoeks
- Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry; Eindhoven University of Technology; P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit W. M. Peters
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Eindhoven University of Technology; P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
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31
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Koerner H, Opsitnick E, Grabowski CA, Drummy LF, Hsiao MS, Che J, Pike M, Person V, Bockstaller MR, Meth JS, Vaia RA. Physical aging and glass transition of hairy nanoparticle assemblies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hilmar Koerner
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate; Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright Patterson Air Force Base; Ohio 45433-7750
| | - Elizabeth Opsitnick
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate; Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright Patterson Air Force Base; Ohio 45433-7750
| | - Christopher A. Grabowski
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate; Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright Patterson Air Force Base; Ohio 45433-7750
| | - Larry F. Drummy
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate; Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright Patterson Air Force Base; Ohio 45433-7750
| | - Ming-Siao Hsiao
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate; Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright Patterson Air Force Base; Ohio 45433-7750
| | - Justin Che
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate; Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright Patterson Air Force Base; Ohio 45433-7750
| | - Megan Pike
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate; Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright Patterson Air Force Base; Ohio 45433-7750
| | - Vernecia Person
- Department of Chemistry; Clark Atlanta University; SW Atlanta Georgia 30314
| | - Michael R. Bockstaller
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Carnegie Mellon University; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Jeff S. Meth
- DuPont Central Research and Development; E.I. DuPont De Nemours; Wilmington Delaware 19803
| | - Richard A. Vaia
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate; Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright Patterson Air Force Base; Ohio 45433-7750
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33
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Neubauer N, Winkler R, Tress M, Uhlmann P, Reiche M, Kipnusu WK, Kremer F. Glassy dynamics of poly(2-vinyl-pyridine) brushes with varying grafting density. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:3062-3066. [PMID: 25740018 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm00213c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The molecular dynamics of poly(2-vinyl-pyridine) (P2VP) brushes is measured by Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy (BDS) in a wide temperature (250 K to 440 K) and broad spectral (0.1 Hz to 1 MHz) range. This is realized using nanostructured, highly conductive silicon electrodes being separated by silica spacers as small as 35 nm. A "grafting-to"-method is applied to prepare the P2VP-brushes with five different grafting densities (0.030 nm(-2) to 0.117 nm(-2)), covering the "true-brush" regime with highly stretched coils and the "mushroom-to-brush" transition regime. The film thickness ranges between 1.8 to 7.1 (±0.2) nm. Two relaxations are observed, an Arrhenius-like process being attributed to fluctuations in the poly(glycidyl-methacrylate) (PGMA) linker used for the grafting reaction and the segmental dynamics (dynamic glass transition) of the P2VP brushes. The latter is characterized by a Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann dependence similar to bulk P2VP. The results can be comprehended considering the length scale on which the dynamic glass transition (≤1 nm) takes place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Neubauer
- Institute of Experimental Physics I, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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34
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Kim NJ. Thermodynamic Properties and Self Diffusions from Rheological Parameters of Eyring-Halsey Model. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY-DAEHAN HWAHAK HOE JEE 2014. [DOI: 10.5012/jkcs.2014.58.3.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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35
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Tang Q, Hu W, Napolitano S. Slowing down of accelerated structural relaxation in ultrathin polymer films. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:148306. [PMID: 24766028 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.148306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate with molecular simulation that the acceleration of structural relaxation, also known as physical aging, commonly experimentally observed in thin polymer films slows down at extremely small thicknesses. This phenomenon can be attributed to an inversed free volume diffusion process caused by the sliding motion of chain molecules. Our findings provide direct evidence of the relationship between the sliding motion of short chain fragments and the structural relaxation of ultrathin polymer films, and also verify the existence of a new confinement effect at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyun Tang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210093 Nanjing, China
| | | | - Simone Napolitano
- Laboratory of Polymer and Soft Matter Dynamics, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, Bâtiment NO, Bruxelles 1050, Belgium
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36
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Anomalous Decoupling of Translational and Rotational Motion Under 1D Confinement, Evidences from Crystallization and Diffusion Experiments. ADVANCES IN DIELECTRICS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-06100-9_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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37
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Rauscher PM, Pye JE, Baglay RR, Roth CB. Effect of Adjacent Rubbery Layers on the Physical Aging of Glassy Polymers. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma401498m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Phillip M. Rauscher
- Department of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Justin E. Pye
- Department of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Roman R. Baglay
- Department of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Connie B. Roth
- Department of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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38
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Pye JE, Roth CB. Physical Aging of Polymer Films Quenched and Measured Free-Standing via Ellipsometry: Controlling Stress Imparted by Thermal Expansion Mismatch between Film and Support. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma401872u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justin E. Pye
- Department
of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Connie B. Roth
- Department
of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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39
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Napolitano S, Cangialosi D. Interfacial Free Volume and Vitrification: Reduction in Tg in Proximity of an Adsorbing Interface Explained by the Free Volume Holes Diffusion Model. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma401368p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Napolitano
- Laboratory
of Polymer and Soft Matter Dynamics, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Boulevard du Triomphe, Bâtiment NO, Bruxelles 1050, Belgium
| | - Daniele Cangialosi
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal
5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
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40
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Napolitano S, Capponi S, Vanroy B. Glassy dynamics of soft matter under 1D confinement: how irreversible adsorption affects molecular packing, mobility gradients and orientational polarization in thin films. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2013; 36:61. [PMID: 23797356 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2013-13061-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The structural dynamics of polymers and simple liquids confined at the nanometer scale has been intensively investigated in the last two decades in order to test the validity of theories on the glass transition predicting a characteristic length scale of a few nanometers. Although this goal has not yet been reached, the anomalous behavior displayed by some systems--e.g. thin films of polystyrene exhibit reductions of Tg exceeding 70 K and a tremendous increase in the elastic modulus--has attracted a broad community of researchers, and provided astonishing advancement of both theoretical and experimental soft matter physics. 1D confinement is achieved in thin films, which are commonly treated as systems at thermodynamic equilibrium where free surfaces and solid interfaces introduce monotonous mobility gradients, extending for several molecular sizes. Limiting the discussion to finite-size and interfacial effects implies that film thickness and surface interactions should be sufficient to univocally determine the deviation from bulk behavior. On the contrary, such an oversimplified picture, although intuitive, cannot explain phenomena like the enhancement of segmental mobility in proximity of an adsorbing interface, or the presence of long-lasting metastable states in the liquid state. Based on our recent work, we propose a new picture on the dynamics of soft matter confined in ultrathin films, focusing on non-equilibrium and on the impact of irreversibly chain adsorption on the structural relaxation. We describe the enhancement of dynamics in terms of the excess in interfacial free volume, originating from packing frustration in the adsorbed layer (Guiselin brush) at t(*) ≪ 1, where t(*) is the ratio between the annealing time and the time scale of adsorption. Prolonged annealing at times exceeding the reptation time (usually t(*) ≫ 1 induces densification, and thus reduces the deviation from bulk behavior. In this Colloquium, after reviewing the experimental approaches permitting to investigate the structural relaxation of films with one, two or no free surfaces by means of dielectric spectroscopy, we propose several methods to determine gradients of mobility in thin films, and then discuss on the unexploited potential of analyses based on the time, temperature and thickness dependence of the orientational polarization via the dielectric strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Napolitano
- Laboratory of Polymer and Soft Matter Dynamics, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Boulevard du Triomphe, Bâtiment NO, 1050, Bruxelles, Belgium.
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41
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Ippalapalli S, Ranaprathapan AD, Singh SN, Harikrishnan G. Modeling Diffusion in Foamed Polymer Nanocomposites. Chemphyschem 2013; 14:1190-6. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201200977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Lin Y, Tan Y, Qiu B, Shangguan Y, Harkin-Jones E, Zheng Q. Influence of Annealing on Chain Entanglement and Molecular Dynamics in Weak Dynamic Asymmetry Polymer Blends. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:697-705. [DOI: 10.1021/jp3098507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular
Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and
Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou
310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yeqiang Tan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular
Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and
Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou
310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Biwei Qiu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular
Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and
Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou
310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yonggang Shangguan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular
Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and
Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou
310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Eileen Harkin-Jones
- Polymers Research Cluster, School
of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AH, United Kingdom
| | - Qiang Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular
Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and
Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou
310027, People’s Republic of China
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Boucher VM, Cangialosi D, Alegría A, Colmenero J. Time dependence of the segmental relaxation time of poly(vinyl acetate)-silica nanocomposites. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2012; 86:041501. [PMID: 23214585 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.86.041501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The aging-time dependence of the segmental relaxation time of poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) in the glassy state is investigated in the bulk polymer and its nanocomposites with silica (SiO(2)). These systems present identical segmental dynamics, when this is probed in the equilibrium supercooled liquid by broadband dielectric spectroscopy. An acceleration of the physical aging process of PVAc with SiO(2) was detected by monitoring the enthalpy recovery through differential scanning calorimetry. The segmental relaxation time during physical aging, followed by means of BDS, has been shown to increase more rapidly the higher the SiO(2) concentration in PVAc is. Thermally stimulated depolarization current experiments show that this is the case over the whole probed glassy state. This means that nanocomposites displaying a relatively slow segmental mobility evolve toward equilibrium more rapidly than the bulk. Furthermore, despite the faster increase in the relaxation time with aging time, so-called self-retardation, the nanocomposites and their bulk counterpart reach the same values of equilibrium relaxation time. These findings not only confirm the assumption of identical equilibrium dynamics even in the aging regime for all nanocomposites and bulk polymers, proposed in previous works, but also highlight the fact that the physical aging rate is not determined solely by the polymer segmental dynamics, the amount of interface being an additional relevant parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie M Boucher
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
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Boucher VM, Cangialosi D, Alegría A, Colmenero J. Enthalpy Recovery in Nanometer to Micrometer Thick Polystyrene Films. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma300622k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Virginie M. Boucher
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal
5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Daniele Cangialosi
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal
5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Angel Alegría
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal
5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Departamento de Física
de Materiales, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Apartado 1072, 20080 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Juan Colmenero
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal
5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Departamento de Física
de Materiales, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Apartado 1072, 20080 San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018
San Sebastián, Spain
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Frieberg B, Glynos E, Sakellariou G, Green PF. Physical Aging of Star-Shaped Macromolecules. ACS Macro Lett 2012; 1:636-640. [PMID: 35607077 DOI: 10.1021/mz300129e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Time-dependent structural relaxations, physical aging, of films with thicknesses in the range 0.4 μm < H < 2 μm of star-shaped polystyrene (SPS) macromolecules were investigated. Our studies reveal that the aging rates of star-shaped PS macromolecules are appreciably slower than their linear chain analogs. The magnitude of the difference between the aging rates of the linear and star-shaped macromolecules increases with increasing functionality, f, and decreasing molecular weight per arm, Mnarm, of the stars. Our results are consistent with the notion that constraints imposed due to the architecture of the macromolecule suppress relaxations associated with and accommodate the reduction of the free volume of the system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Georgios Sakellariou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis,
Zografou, 15771, Athens Greece
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Barroso-Bujans F, Boucher VM, Pomposo JA, Buruaga L, Alegría A, Colmenero J. Easy-dispersible poly(glycidyl phenyl ether)-functionalized graphene sheets obtained by reaction of “living” anionic polymer chains. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:2618-20. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc17353k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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