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Lu W, Nicoul M, Shymanovich U, Tarasevitch A, Horn-von Hoegen M, von der Linde D, Sokolowski-Tinten K. A modular table-top setup for ultrafast x-ray diffraction. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2024; 95:013002. [PMID: 38190494 DOI: 10.1063/5.0181132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
We present a table-top setup for femtosecond time-resolved x-ray diffraction based on a Cu Kα (8.05 keV) laser driven plasma x-ray source. Due to its modular design, it provides high accessibility to its individual components (e.g., x-ray optics and sample environment). The Kα-yield of the source is optimized using a pre-pulse scheme. A magnifying multilayer x-ray mirror with Montel-Helios geometry is used to collect the emitted radiation, resulting in a quasi-collimated flux of more than 105 Cu Kα photons/pulse impinging on the sample under investigation at a repetition rate of 10 Hz. A gas ionization chamber detector is placed right after the x-ray mirror and used for the normalization of the diffraction signals, enabling the measurement of relative signal changes of less than 1% even at the given low repetition rate. Time-resolved diffraction experiments on laser-excited epitaxial Bi films serve as an example to demonstrate the capabilities of the setup. The setup can also be used for Debye-Scherrer type measurements on poly-crystalline samples.
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2
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Mattern M, Pudell JE, Dumesnil K, von Reppert A, Bargheer M. Towards shaping picosecond strain pulses via magnetostrictive transducers. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2023; 30:100463. [PMID: 36874592 PMCID: PMC9982602 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2023.100463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Using time-resolved x-ray diffraction, we demonstrate the manipulation of the picosecond strain response of a metallic heterostructure consisting of a dysprosium (Dy) transducer and a niobium (Nb) detection layer by an external magnetic field. We utilize the first-order ferromagnetic-antiferromagnetic phase transition of the Dy layer, which provides an additional large contractive stress upon laser excitation compared to its zero-field response. This enhances the laser-induced contraction of the transducer and changes the shape of the picosecond strain pulses driven in Dy and detected within the buried Nb layer. Based on our experiment with rare-earth metals we discuss required properties for functional transducers, which may allow for novel field-control of the emitted picosecond strain pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Mattern
- Institut für Physik & Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jan-Etienne Pudell
- Institut für Physik & Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- European XFEL, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Karine Dumesnil
- Institut Jean Lamour (UMR CNRS 7198), Université Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France
| | | | - Matias Bargheer
- Institut für Physik & Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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3
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Rongione E, Gueckstock O, Mattern M, Gomonay O, Meer H, Schmitt C, Ramos R, Kikkawa T, Mičica M, Saitoh E, Sinova J, Jaffrès H, Mangeney J, Goennenwein STB, Geprägs S, Kampfrath T, Kläui M, Bargheer M, Seifert TS, Dhillon S, Lebrun R. Emission of coherent THz magnons in an antiferromagnetic insulator triggered by ultrafast spin-phonon interactions. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1818. [PMID: 37002246 PMCID: PMC10066367 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37509-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Antiferromagnetic materials have been proposed as new types of narrowband THz spintronic devices owing to their ultrafast spin dynamics. Manipulating coherently their spin dynamics, however, remains a key challenge that is envisioned to be accomplished by spin-orbit torques or direct optical excitations. Here, we demonstrate the combined generation of broadband THz (incoherent) magnons and narrowband (coherent) magnons at 1 THz in low damping thin films of NiO/Pt. We evidence, experimentally and through modeling, two excitation processes of spin dynamics in NiO: an off-resonant instantaneous optical spin torque in (111) oriented films and a strain-wave-induced THz torque induced by ultrafast Pt excitation in (001) oriented films. Both phenomena lead to the emission of a THz signal through the inverse spin Hall effect in the adjacent heavy metal layer. We unravel the characteristic timescales of the two excitation processes found to be < 50 fs and > 300 fs, respectively, and thus open new routes towards the development of fast opto-spintronic devices based on antiferromagnetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Rongione
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91767, Palaiseau, France
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - O Gueckstock
- Institute of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Mattern
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, D-14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - O Gomonay
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, D-55099, Mainz, Germany
| | - H Meer
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, D-55099, Mainz, Germany
| | - C Schmitt
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, D-55099, Mainz, Germany
| | - R Ramos
- WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, J-980-8577, Japan
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Bilóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Departamento de Química-Física, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
| | - T Kikkawa
- Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, J-113-8656, Japan
| | - M Mičica
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - E Saitoh
- WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, J-980-8577, Japan
- Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, J-113-8656, Japan
- Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, J-113-8656, Japan
| | - J Sinova
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, D-55099, Mainz, Germany
| | - H Jaffrès
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91767, Palaiseau, France
| | - J Mangeney
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - S T B Goennenwein
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, D-78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - S Geprägs
- Walther-Meißner-Institut, Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, D-85748, Garching, Germany
| | - T Kampfrath
- Institute of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Kläui
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, D-55099, Mainz, Germany
- Graduate School of Excellence Materials Science in Mainz (MAINZ), Staudingerweg 9, D-55128, Mainz, Germany
- Center for Quantum Spintronics, Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7034, Trondheim, Norway
| | - M Bargheer
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, D-14476, Potsdam, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen Campus, BESSY II, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, D-12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - T S Seifert
- Institute of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195, Berlin, Germany.
| | - S Dhillon
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - R Lebrun
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91767, Palaiseau, France.
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4
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Mattern M, Pudell JE, Laskin G, von Reppert A, Bargheer M. Analysis of the temperature- and fluence-dependent magnetic stress in laser-excited SrRuO 3. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2021; 8:024302. [PMID: 33786338 PMCID: PMC7994007 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We use ultrafast x-ray diffraction to investigate the effect of expansive phononic and contractive magnetic stress driving the picosecond strain response of a metallic perovskite SrRuO3 thin film upon femtosecond laser excitation. We exemplify how the anisotropic bulk equilibrium thermal expansion can be used to predict the response of the thin film to ultrafast deposition of energy. It is key to consider that the laterally homogeneous laser excitation changes the strain response compared to the near-equilibrium thermal expansion because the balanced in-plane stresses suppress the Poisson stress on the picosecond timescale. We find a very large negative Grüneisen constant describing the large contractive stress imposed by a small amount of energy in the spin system. The temperature and fluence dependence of the strain response for a double-pulse excitation scheme demonstrates the saturation of the magnetic stress in the high-fluence regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Mattern
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - G. Laskin
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - A. von Reppert
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - M. Bargheer
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:. URL:http://www.uni-potsdam.de/udkm
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von Reppert A, Willig L, Pudell JE, Zeuschner SP, Sellge G, Ganss F, Hellwig O, Arregi JA, Uhlíř V, Crut A, Bargheer M. Spin stress contribution to the lattice dynamics of FePt. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaba1142. [PMID: 32685678 PMCID: PMC7343378 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba1142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Invar-behavior occurring in many magnetic materials has long been of interest to materials science. Here, we show not only invar behavior of a continuous film of FePt but also even negative thermal expansion of FePt nanograins upon equilibrium heating. Yet, both samples exhibit pronounced transient expansion upon laser heating in femtosecond x-ray diffraction experiments. We show that the granular microstructure is essential to support the contractive out-of-plane stresses originating from in-plane expansion via the Poisson effect that add to the uniaxial contractive stress driven by spin disorder. We prove the spin contribution by saturating the magnetic excitations with a first laser pulse and then detecting the purely expansive response to a second pulse. The contractive spin stress is reestablished on the same 100-ps time scale that we observe for the recovery of the ferromagnetic order. Finite-element modeling of the mechanical response of FePt nanosystems confirms the morphology dependence of the dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. von Reppert
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - L. Willig
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Wilhelm-Conrad-12 Röntgen Campus, BESSY II, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - J.-E. Pudell
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Wilhelm-Conrad-12 Röntgen Campus, BESSY II, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - S. P. Zeuschner
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Wilhelm-Conrad-12 Röntgen Campus, BESSY II, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - G. Sellge
- Institut für Physik, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Reichenhainer Str. 70, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
- Institut für Ionenstrahlphysik und Materialforschung, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - F. Ganss
- Institut für Physik, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Reichenhainer Str. 70, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - O. Hellwig
- Institut für Physik, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Reichenhainer Str. 70, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
- Institut für Ionenstrahlphysik und Materialforschung, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - J. A. Arregi
- CEITEC BUT, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 612 00 Brno, Czechia
| | - V. Uhlíř
- CEITEC BUT, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 612 00 Brno, Czechia
- Institute of Physical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technická 2, 616 69 Brno, Czechia
| | - A. Crut
- FemtoNanoOptics Group, Institut Lumière Matière, Université de Lyon, CNRS-Université Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - M. Bargheer
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Wilhelm-Conrad-12 Röntgen Campus, BESSY II, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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6
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von Reppert A, Mattern M, Pudell JE, Zeuschner SP, Dumesnil K, Bargheer M. Unconventional picosecond strain pulses resulting from the saturation of magnetic stress within a photoexcited rare earth layer. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2020; 7:024303. [PMID: 32232076 PMCID: PMC7101248 DOI: 10.1063/1.5145315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Optical excitation of spin-ordered rare earth metals triggers a complex response of the crystal lattice since expansive stresses from electron and phonon excitations compete with a contractive stress induced by spin disorder. Using ultrafast x-ray diffraction experiments, we study the layer specific strain response of a dysprosium film within a metallic heterostructure upon femtosecond laser-excitation. The elastic and diffusive transport of energy to an adjacent, non-excited detection layer clearly separates the contributions of strain pulses and thermal excitations in the time domain. We find that energy transfer processes to magnetic excitations significantly modify the observed conventional bipolar strain wave into a unipolar pulse. By modeling the spin system as a saturable energy reservoir that generates substantial contractive stress on ultrafast timescales, we can reproduce the observed strain response and estimate the time- and space dependent magnetic stress. The saturation of the magnetic stress contribution yields a non-monotonous total stress within the nanolayer, which leads to unconventional picosecond strain pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. von Reppert
- Institut für Physik & Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - M. Mattern
- Institut für Physik & Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | | | | | - K. Dumesnil
- Institut Jean Lamour (UMR CNRS 7198), Université Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - M. Bargheer
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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7
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Afshari M, Krumey P, Menn D, Nicoul M, Brinks F, Tarasevitch A, Sokolowski-Tinten K. Time-resolved diffraction with an optimized short pulse laser plasma X-ray source. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2020; 7:014301. [PMID: 31934600 PMCID: PMC6941949 DOI: 10.1063/1.5126316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We present a setup for time-resolved X-ray diffraction based on a short pulse, laser-driven plasma X-ray source. The employed modular design provides high flexibility to adapt the setup to the specific requirements (e.g., X-ray optics and sample environment) of particular applications. The configuration discussed here has been optimized toward high angular/momentum resolution and uses K α -radiation (4.51 keV) from a Ti wire-target in combination with a toroidally bent crystal for collection, monochromatization, and focusing of the emitted radiation. 2 × 10 5 Ti-K α1 photons per pulse with10 - 4 relative bandwidth are delivered to the sample at a repetition rate of 10 Hz. This allows for the high dynamic range (104) measurements of transient changes in the rocking curves of materials as for example induced by laser-triggered strain waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Afshari
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstrasse 1, 47048 Duisburg, Germany
| | - P Krumey
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstrasse 1, 47048 Duisburg, Germany
| | - D Menn
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstrasse 1, 47048 Duisburg, Germany
| | - M Nicoul
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstrasse 1, 47048 Duisburg, Germany
| | - F Brinks
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstrasse 1, 47048 Duisburg, Germany
| | - A Tarasevitch
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstrasse 1, 47048 Duisburg, Germany
| | - K Sokolowski-Tinten
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstrasse 1, 47048 Duisburg, Germany
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8
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Sander M, Bauer R, Kabanova V, Levantino M, Wulff M, Pfuetzenreuter D, Schwarzkopf J, Gaal P. Demonstration of a picosecond Bragg switch for hard X-rays in a synchrotron-based pump-probe experiment. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2019; 26:1253-1259. [PMID: 31274451 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577519005356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A benchmark experiment is reported that demonstrates the shortening of hard X-ray pulses in a synchrotron-based optical pump-X-ray probe measurement. The pulse-shortening device is a photoacoustic Bragg switch that reduces the temporal resolution of an incident X-ray pulse to approximately 7.5 ps. The Bragg switch is employed to monitor propagating sound waves in nanometer thin epitaxial films. From the experimental data, the pulse duration, diffraction efficiency and switching contrast of the device can be inferred. A detailed efficiency analysis shows that the switch can deliver up to 109 photons s-1 in high-repetition-rate synchrotron experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Sander
- European Sychrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Roman Bauer
- Tailored X-ray Products gGmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Victoria Kabanova
- European Sychrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Matteo Levantino
- European Sychrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Michael Wulff
- European Sychrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Jutta Schwarzkopf
- Leibniz-Institut für Kristallzüchtung, Max-Born-Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Gaal
- Tailored X-ray Products gGmbH, Berlin, Germany
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9
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Zeuschner SP, Parpiiev T, Pezeril T, Hillion A, Dumesnil K, Anane A, Pudell J, Willig L, Rössle M, Herzog M, von Reppert A, Bargheer M. Tracking picosecond strain pulses in heterostructures that exhibit giant magnetostriction. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2019; 6:024302. [PMID: 31041360 PMCID: PMC6447272 DOI: 10.1063/1.5084140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We combine ultrafast X-ray diffraction (UXRD) and time-resolved Magneto-Optical Kerr Effect (MOKE) measurements to monitor the strain pulses in laser-excited TbFe2/Nb heterostructures. Spatial separation of the Nb detection layer from the laser excitation region allows for a background-free characterization of the laser-generated strain pulses. We clearly observe symmetric bipolar strain pulses if the excited TbFe2 surface terminates the sample and a decomposition of the strain wavepacket into an asymmetric bipolar and a unipolar pulse, if a SiO2 glass capping layer covers the excited TbFe2 layer. The inverse magnetostriction of the temporally separated unipolar strain pulses in this sample leads to a MOKE signal that linearly depends on the strain pulse amplitude measured through UXRD. Linear chain model simulations accurately predict the timing and shape of UXRD and MOKE signals that are caused by the strain reflections from multiple interfaces in the heterostructure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - T Parpiiev
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (UMR CNRS 6283), Université du Maine, 72085 Le Mans Cedex, France
| | - T Pezeril
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (UMR CNRS 6283), Université du Maine, 72085 Le Mans Cedex, France
| | - A Hillion
- Institut Jean Lamour (UMR CNRS 7198), Université de Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - K Dumesnil
- Institut Jean Lamour (UMR CNRS 7198), Université de Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - A Anane
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767, Palaiseau, France
| | - J Pudell
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - L Willig
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - M Rössle
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen-Campus, BESSY II, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Herzog
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - A von Reppert
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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10
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Layer specific observation of slow thermal equilibration in ultrathin metallic nanostructures by femtosecond X-ray diffraction. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3335. [PMID: 30127415 PMCID: PMC6102217 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05693-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrafast heat transport in nanoscale metal multilayers is of great interest in the context of optically induced demagnetization, remagnetization and switching. If the penetration depth of light exceeds the bilayer thickness, layer-specific information is unavailable from optical probes. Femtosecond diffraction experiments provide unique experimental access to heat transport over single digit nanometer distances. Here, we investigate the structural response and the energy flow in the ultrathin double-layer system: gold on ferromagnetic nickel. Even though the excitation pulse is incident from the Au side, we observe a very rapid heating of the Ni lattice, whereas the Au lattice initially remains cold. The subsequent heat transfer from Ni to the Au lattice is found to be two orders of magnitude slower than predicted by the conventional heat equation and much slower than electron–phonon coupling times in Au. We present a simplified model calculation highlighting the relevant thermophysical quantities. Heat transport in ultrathin metal layers is important for potential applications in optical‐magnetic switching, but difficult to access experimentally. Here, the authors use ultrafast X‐ray diffraction to directly probe and explain unexpected time‐dependent transport behavior in Au–Ni nanolayers.
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11
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Holtz M, Hauf C, Weisshaupt J, Salvador AAH, Woerner M, Elsaesser T. Towards shot-noise limited diffraction experiments with table-top femtosecond hard x-ray sources. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2017; 4:054304. [PMID: 28795079 PMCID: PMC5517321 DOI: 10.1063/1.4991355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Table-top laser-driven hard x-ray sources with kilohertz repetition rates are an attractive alternative to large-scale accelerator-based systems and have found widespread applications in x-ray studies of ultrafast structural dynamics. Hard x-ray pulses of 100 fs duration have been generated at the Cu K α wavelength with a photon flux of up to 109 photons per pulse into the full solid angle, perfectly synchronized to the sub-100-fs optical pulses from the driving laser system. Based on spontaneous x-ray emission, such sources display a particular noise behavior which impacts the sensitivity of x-ray diffraction experiments. We present a detailed analysis of the photon statistics and temporal fluctuations of the x-ray flux, together with experimental strategies to optimize the sensitivity of optical pump/x-ray probe experiments. We demonstrate measurements close to the shot-noise limit of the x-ray source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Holtz
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Hauf
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jannick Weisshaupt
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Michael Woerner
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Elsaesser
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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12
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von Reppert A, Pudell J, Koc A, Reinhardt M, Leitenberger W, Dumesnil K, Zamponi F, Bargheer M. Persistent nonequilibrium dynamics of the thermal energies in the spin and phonon systems of an antiferromagnet. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2016; 3:054302. [PMID: 27679803 PMCID: PMC5018005 DOI: 10.1063/1.4961253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We present a temperature and fluence dependent Ultrafast X-Ray Diffraction study of a laser-heated antiferromagnetic dysprosium thin film. The loss of antiferromagnetic order is evidenced by a pronounced lattice contraction. We devise a method to determine the energy flow between the phonon and spin system from calibrated Bragg peak positions in thermal equilibrium. Reestablishing the magnetic order is much slower than the cooling of the lattice, especially around the Néel temperature. Despite the pronounced magnetostriction, the transfer of energy from the spin system to the phonons in Dy is slow after the spin-order is lost.
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Affiliation(s)
- A von Reppert
- Institut für Physik and Astronomie, Universität Potsdam , Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - J Pudell
- Institut für Physik and Astronomie, Universität Potsdam , Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - A Koc
- Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin , Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Reinhardt
- Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin , Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - W Leitenberger
- Institut für Physik and Astronomie, Universität Potsdam , Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - K Dumesnil
- Institut Jean Lamour (UMR CNRS 7198), Université Lorraine , Boulevard des Aiguillettes B.P. 239, F-54500 Vandoeuvre les Nancy Cédex, France
| | - F Zamponi
- Institut für Physik and Astronomie, Universität Potsdam , Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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13
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Pavlenko ES, Sander M, Mitzscherling S, Pudell J, Zamponi F, Rössle M, Bojahr A, Bargheer M. Azobenzene - functionalized polyelectrolyte nanolayers as ultrafast optoacoustic transducers. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:13297-302. [PMID: 27341685 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr01448h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We introduce azobenzene-functionalized polyelectrolyte multilayers as efficient, inexpensive optoacoustic transducers for hyper-sound strain waves in the GHz range. By picosecond transient reflectivity measurements we study the creation of nanoscale strain waves, their reflection from interfaces, damping by scattering from nanoparticles and propagation in soft and hard adjacent materials like polymer layers, quartz and mica. The amplitude of the generated strain ε∼ 5 × 10(-4) is calibrated by ultrafast X-ray diffraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Pavlenko
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
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14
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Maerten L, Bojahr A, Gohlke M, Rössle M, Bargheer M. Coupling of GHz phonons to ferroelastic domain walls in SrTiO3. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 114:047401. [PMID: 25679906 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.047401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We study the linear and nonlinear acoustic response of SrTiO3 across its ferroelastic transition at Ta=105 K by time domain Brillouin scattering. Above Ta we observe that for a strain amplitude of ∼0.18% the sound velocity for compressive strain exceeds the tensile strain velocity by 3%. Below Ta we find a giant slowing down of the sound velocity by 12% and attribute this to the coupling of GHz phonons to ferroelastic twin domain walls. We propose a new mechanism for this coupling on the ultrafast time scale, providing an important new test ground for theories used to simulate atomic motion in domain forming crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Maerten
- Institut für Physik & Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - A Bojahr
- Institut für Physik & Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - M Gohlke
- Institut für Physik & Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - M Rössle
- Institut für Physik & Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - M Bargheer
- Institut für Physik & Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany and Helmholtz-Zentrum-Berlin für Energie und Materialforschung, Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen Campus, BESSY II, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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15
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Schick D, Herzog M, Bojahr A, Leitenberger W, Hertwig A, Shayduk R, Bargheer M. Ultrafast lattice response of photoexcited thin films studied by X-ray diffraction. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2014; 1:064501. [PMID: 26798784 PMCID: PMC4714650 DOI: 10.1063/1.4901228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Using ultrafast X-ray diffraction, we study the coherent picosecond lattice dynamics of photoexcited thin films in the two limiting cases, where the photoinduced stress profile decays on a length scale larger and smaller than the film thickness. We solve a unifying analytical model of the strain propagation for acoustic impedance-matched opaque films on a semi-infinite transparent substrate, showing that the lattice dynamics essentially depend on two parameters: One for the spatial profile and one for the amplitude of the strain. We illustrate the results by comparison with high-quality ultrafast X-ray diffraction data of SrRuO3 films on SrTiO3 substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - André Bojahr
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam , Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Wolfram Leitenberger
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam , Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Andreas Hertwig
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung , Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany
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16
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Elsaesser T, Woerner M. Perspective: structural dynamics in condensed matter mapped by femtosecond x-ray diffraction. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:020901. [PMID: 24437858 DOI: 10.1063/1.4855115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultrashort soft and hard x-ray pulses are sensitive probes of structural dynamics on the picometer length and femtosecond time scales of electronic and atomic motions. Recent progress in generating such pulses has initiated new directions of condensed matter research, exploiting a variety of x-ray absorption, scattering, and diffraction methods to probe photoinduced structural dynamics. Atomic motion, changes of local structure and long-range order, as well as correlated electron motion and charge transfer have been resolved in space and time, providing a most direct access to the physical mechanisms and interactions driving reversible and irreversible changes of structure. This perspective combines an overview of recent advances in femtosecond x-ray diffraction with a discussion on ongoing and future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Elsaesser
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Woerner
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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17
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Zhang BB, Sun SS, Sun DR, Tao Y. Note: A novel normalization scheme for laser-based plasma x-ray sources. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2014; 85:096110. [PMID: 25273796 DOI: 10.1063/1.4896252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A kHz repetition rate laser pump-X-ray probe system for ultrafast X-ray diffraction is set up based on a laser-driven plasma X-ray source. A simple and reliable normalization approach has been developed to minimize the impact of large X-ray pulse intensity fluctuation on data quality. It utilizes one single X-ray area detector to record both sample and reference signals simultaneously. Performance of this novel normalization method is demonstrated in reflectivity oscillation measurement of a superlattice sample at sub-ps resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- B B Zhang
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - S S Sun
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100090, China
| | - D R Sun
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Y Tao
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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18
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Schick D, Herzog M, Wen H, Chen P, Adamo C, Gaal P, Schlom DG, Evans PG, Li Y, Bargheer M. Localized excited charge carriers generate ultrafast inhomogeneous strain in the multiferroic BiFeO3. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:097602. [PMID: 24655276 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.097602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We apply ultrafast x-ray diffraction with femtosecond temporal resolution to monitor the lattice dynamics in a thin film of multiferroic BiFeO3 after above-band-gap photoexcitation. The sound-velocity limited evolution of the observed lattice strains indicates a quasi-instantaneous photoinduced stress which decays on a nanosecond time scale. This stress exhibits an inhomogeneous spatial profile evidenced by the broadening of the Bragg peak. These new data require substantial modification of existing models of photogenerated stresses in BiFeO3: the relevant excited charge carriers must remain localized to be consistent with the data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Schick
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Marc Herzog
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany and Abteilung Physikalische Chemie, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Haidan Wen
- X-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Pice Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Materials Science Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Carolina Adamo
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA and Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4045, USA
| | - Peter Gaal
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen Campus, BESSY II, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Darrell G Schlom
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA and Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Paul G Evans
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Materials Science Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Yuelin Li
- X-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Matias Bargheer
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany and Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen Campus, BESSY II, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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19
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Gaal P, Schick D, Herzog M, Bojahr A, Shayduk R, Goldshteyn J, Leitenberger W, Vrejoiu I, Khakhulin D, Wulff M, Bargheer M. Ultrafast switching of hard X-rays. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2014; 21:380-385. [PMID: 24562559 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577513031949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A new concept for shortening hard X-ray pulses emitted from a third-generation synchrotron source down to few picoseconds is presented. The device, called the PicoSwitch, exploits the dynamics of coherent acoustic phonons in a photo-excited thin film. A characterization of the structure demonstrates switching times of ≤ 5 ps and a peak reflectivity of ∼10(-3). The device is tested in a real synchrotron-based pump-probe experiment and reveals features of coherent phonon propagation in a second thin film sample, thus demonstrating the potential to significantly improve the temporal resolution at existing synchrotron facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Gaal
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen Campus, BESSY II, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Schick
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Marc Herzog
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - André Bojahr
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Roman Shayduk
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen Campus, BESSY II, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jevgeni Goldshteyn
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Wolfram Leitenberger
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ionela Vrejoiu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Mikrostrukturphysik, Weinberg 2, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Dmitry Khakhulin
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 6 rue Jules Horowitz, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Michael Wulff
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 6 rue Jules Horowitz, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Matias Bargheer
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen Campus, BESSY II, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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20
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Schick D, Shayduk R, Bojahr A, Herzog M, von Korff Schmising C, Gaal P, Bargheer M. Ultrafast reciprocal-space mapping with a convergent beam. J Appl Crystallogr 2013. [DOI: 10.1107/s0021889813020013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A diffractometer setup is presented, based on a laser-driven plasma X-ray source for reciprocal-space mapping with femtosecond temporal resolution. In order to map out the reciprocal space, an X-ray optic with a convergent beam is used with an X-ray area detector to detect symmetrically and asymmetrically diffracted X-ray photons simultaneously. The setup is particularly suited for measuring thin films or imperfect bulk samples with broad rocking curves. For quasi-perfect crystalline samples with insignificant in-plane Bragg peak broadening, the measured reciprocal-space maps can be corrected for the known resolution function of the diffractometer in order to achieve high-resolution rocking curves with improved data quality. In this case, the resolution of the diffractometer is not limited by the convergence of the incoming X-ray beam but is solely determined by its energy bandwidth.
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21
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Schick D, Bojahr A, Herzog M, Gaal P, Vrejoiu I, Bargheer M. Following strain-induced mosaicity changes of ferroelectric thin films by ultrafast reciprocal space mapping. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:095502. [PMID: 23496721 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.095502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We investigate coherent phonon propagation in a thin film of ferroelectric PbZr(0.2)Ti(0.8)O(3) (PZT) by ultrafast x-ray diffraction experiments, which are analyzed as time-resolved reciprocal space mapping in order to observe the in- and out-of-plane structural dynamics, simultaneously. The mosaic structure of the PZT leads to a coupling of the excited out-of-plane expansion to in-plane lattice dynamics on a picosecond time scale, which is not observed for out-of-plane compression.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Schick
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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22
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Navirian H, Shayduk R, Leitenberger W, Goldshteyn J, Gaal P, Bargheer M. Synchrotron-based ultrafast x-ray diffraction at high repetition rates. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2012; 83:063303. [PMID: 22755618 DOI: 10.1063/1.4727872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We present a setup for ultrafast x-ray diffraction (UXRD) based at the storage ring BESSY II, in particular, a pump laser that excites the sample using 250 fs laser-pulses at repetition rates ranging from 208 kHz to 1.25 MHz. We discuss issues connected to the high heat-load and spatio-temporal alignment strategies in the context of a UXRD experiment at high repetition rates. The spatial overlap between laser pump and x-ray probe pulse is obtained with 10 μm precision and transient lattice changes can be recorded with an accuracy of δa/a(0) = 10(-6). We also compare time-resolved x-ray diffraction signals from a laser excited LSMO/STO superlattice with phonon dynamics simulations. From the analysis we determine the x-ray pulse duration to 120 ps in standard operation mode and below 10 ps in low-α mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Navirian
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen Campus, BESSY II, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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