1
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Jamnuch S, Pascal TA. Electronic signatures of Lorentzian dynamics and charge fluctuations in lithiated graphite structures. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2291. [PMID: 37085509 PMCID: PMC10121681 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37857-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Lithium graphite intercalation compounds (Li-GICs) are essential materials for modern day portable electronics and obtaining insights into their atomic structure and thermodynamics is of fundamental interest. Here we explore the electronic and atomic states of Li-GICs at varying degrees of Lithium loading (i.e., "staging") by means of ab-initio molecular dynamics simulations and simulated X-ray adsorption spectroscopy (XAS). We analyze the atomic correlation functions and shows that the enhancements of the Li-ion entropy with increased staging result from Lorentzian lithium-ion dynamics and charge fluctuations, which activate low-energy phonon modes. The associated electronic signatures are modulations of the unoccupied π*/σ* orbital energy levels and unambiguous fingerprints in Carbon K-edge XAS spectra. Thus, we extend the canonical view of XAS, establishing that these "static" measurements in fact encode the signature of the thermodynamic response and relaxation dynamics of the system. This causal link between atomic structure, spectroscopy, thermodynamics, and information theory can be generally exploited to better understand stability in solid-state electrochemical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasawat Jamnuch
- Department of Nano and Chemical Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tod A Pascal
- Department of Nano and Chemical Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Material Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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2
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Georgiou R, Sahle CJ, Sokaras D, Bernard S, Bergmann U, Rueff JP, Bertrand L. X-ray Raman Scattering: A Hard X-ray Probe of Complex Organic Systems. Chem Rev 2022; 122:12977-13005. [PMID: 35737888 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This paper provides a review of the characterization of organic systems via X-ray Raman scattering (XRS) and a step-by-step guidance for its application. We present the fundamentals of XRS required to use the technique and discuss the main parameters of the experimental set-ups to optimize spectral and spatial resolution while maximizing signal-to-background ratio. We review applications that target the analysis of mixtures of organic compounds, the identification of minor spectral features, and the spatial discrimination in heterogeneous systems. We discuss the recent development of the direct tomography technique, which utilizes the XRS process as a contrast mechanism for assessing the three-dimensional spatially resolved carbon chemistry of complex organic materials. We conclude by exposing the current limitations and provide an outlook on how to overcome some of the existing challenges and advance future developments and applications of this powerful technique for complex organic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaella Georgiou
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Ministère de la Culture, UVSQ, MNHN, IPANEMA, F-91192 Saint-Aubin, France.,Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint Aubin BP 48, 91192, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Dimosthenis Sokaras
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Sylvain Bernard
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7590, Institut de Minéralogie, Physique des Matériaux et Cosmochimie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Uwe Bergmann
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jean-Pascal Rueff
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint Aubin BP 48, 91192, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Loïc Bertrand
- Photophysique et Photochimie Supramoléculaires et Macromoléculaires, Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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3
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Vinson J, Shirley EL. Fast, efficient, and accurate dielectric screening using a local real-space approach. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B 2022; 103:10.1103/PhysRevB.103.245143. [PMID: 36619706 PMCID: PMC9813915 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.103.245143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Various many-body perturbation theory techniques for calculating electron behavior rely on W, the screened Coulomb interaction. Computing W requires complete knowledge of the dielectric response of the electronic system, and the fidelity of the calculated dielectric response limits the reliability of predicted electronic and structural properties. As a simplification, calculations often begin with the random-phase approximation (RPA). However, even RPA calculations are costly and scale poorly, typically as N 4 (N representing the system size). A local approach has been shown to be efficient while maintaining accuracy for screening core-level excitations [Ultramicroscopy 106, 986 (2006)]. We extend this method to valence-level excitations. We present improvements to the accuracy and execution of this scheme, including reconstruction of the all-electron character of the pseudopotential-based wave functions, improved N 2 log N scaling, and a parallelized implementation. We discuss applications to Bethe-Salpeter equation calculations of core and valence spectroscopies.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Vinson
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - Eric L. Shirley
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
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4
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Roychoudhury S, Zhuo Z, Qiao R, Wan L, Liang Y, Pan F, Chuang YD, Prendergast D, Yang W. Controlled Experiments and Optimized Theory of Absorption Spectra of Li Metal and Salts. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:45488-45495. [PMID: 34529403 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c11970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Investigation of Li metal and ionic compounds through experimental and theoretical spectroscopy has been of tremendous interest due to their prospective applications in Li-metal and Li-ion batteries. Li K-edge soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy (sXAS) provides the most direct spectroscopic characterization; unfortunately, due to the low core-level energy and the highly reactive surface, Li-K sXAS of Li metal has been extremely challenging, as evidenced by many controversial reports. Here, through controlled and ultra-high energy resolution experiments of two kinds of in situ prepared samples, we report the intrinsic Li-K sXAS of Li-metal that displays a prominent leading peak that has not been revealed before. Furthermore, theoretical simulations show that, due to the low number of valence electrons in Li, the Li-K sXAS is strongly affected by the response of the valence electrons to the core hole. We successfully reproduce the Li-K sXAS by state-of-the-art calculations with considerations of a number of relevant parameters such as temperature, energy resolution, and, especially, contributions from transitions which are forbidden in the single-particle treatment. Such a comparative experimental and theoretical investigation is further extended to a series of Li ionic compounds, which highlight the importance of considering the total and single-particle energies for obtaining an accurate alignment of the spectra. Our work provides the first reliable Li-K sXAS of the Li metal surface with advanced theoretical calculations. The experimental and theoretical results provide a critical benchmark for studying Li chemistry in both metallic and ionic states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhayan Roychoudhury
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley California 94720, United States
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley California 94720, United States
| | - Zengqing Zhuo
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley California 94720, United States
| | - Ruimin Qiao
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley California 94720, United States
| | - Liwen Wan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Yufeng Liang
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley California 94720, United States
| | - Feng Pan
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yi-de Chuang
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley California 94720, United States
| | - David Prendergast
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley California 94720, United States
| | - Wanli Yang
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley California 94720, United States
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5
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Dai H, Dong J, Wu M, Hu Q, Wang D, Zuin L, Chen N, Lai C, Zhang G, Sun S. Cobalt-Phthalocyanine-Derived Molecular Isolation Layer for Highly Stable Lithium Anode. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:19852-19859. [PMID: 34180115 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202106027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The uneven consumption of anions during the lithium (Li) deposition process triggers a space charge effect that generates Li dendrites, seriously hindering the practical application of Li-metal batteries. We report on a cobalt phthalocyanine electrolyte additive with a planar molecular structure, which can be tightly adsorbed on the Li anode surface to form a dense molecular layer. Such a planar molecular layer cannot only complex with Li ions to reduce the space charge effect, but also suppress side reactions between the anode and the electrolyte, producing a stable solid electrolyte interphase composed of amorphous lithium fluoride (LiF) and lithium carbonate (LiCO3 ), as verified by X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy. As a result, the Li|Li symmetric cell exhibits excellent cycling stability above 700 h under a high plating capacity of 3 mAh cm-2 . Moreover, the assembled Li|lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4 , LFP) full-cell can also deliver excellent cycling over 200 cycles under lean electrolyte conditions (3 μL mg-1 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliu Dai
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 201116, China.,Center Énergie Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Varennes, Québec, J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Jing Dong
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 201116, China
| | - Mingjie Wu
- Center Énergie Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Varennes, Québec, J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Qingmin Hu
- Center Énergie Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Varennes, Québec, J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Dongniu Wang
- Canadian Light Source Inc., Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 2V3, Canada
| | - Lucia Zuin
- Canadian Light Source Inc., Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 2V3, Canada
| | - Ning Chen
- Canadian Light Source Inc., Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 2V3, Canada
| | - Chao Lai
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 201116, China
| | - Gaixia Zhang
- Center Énergie Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Varennes, Québec, J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Shuhui Sun
- Center Énergie Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Varennes, Québec, J3X 1S2, Canada
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6
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Dai H, Dong J, Wu M, Hu Q, Wang D, Zuin L, Chen N, Lai C, Zhang G, Sun S. Cobalt‐Phthalocyanine‐Derived Molecular Isolation Layer for Highly Stable Lithium Anode. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202106027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongliu Dai
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou Jiangsu 201116 China
- Center Énergie Matériaux et Télécommunications Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) Varennes Québec J3X 1S2 Canada
| | - Jing Dong
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou Jiangsu 201116 China
| | - Mingjie Wu
- Center Énergie Matériaux et Télécommunications Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) Varennes Québec J3X 1S2 Canada
| | - Qingmin Hu
- Center Énergie Matériaux et Télécommunications Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) Varennes Québec J3X 1S2 Canada
| | - Dongniu Wang
- Canadian Light Source Inc. Saskatoon Saskatchewan S7N 2V3 Canada
| | - Lucia Zuin
- Canadian Light Source Inc. Saskatoon Saskatchewan S7N 2V3 Canada
| | - Ning Chen
- Canadian Light Source Inc. Saskatoon Saskatchewan S7N 2V3 Canada
| | - Chao Lai
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou Jiangsu 201116 China
| | - Gaixia Zhang
- Center Énergie Matériaux et Télécommunications Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) Varennes Québec J3X 1S2 Canada
| | - Shuhui Sun
- Center Énergie Matériaux et Télécommunications Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) Varennes Québec J3X 1S2 Canada
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7
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Abstract
We review oxygen K-edge X-ray absorption spectra of both molecules and solids. We start with an overview of the main experimental aspects of oxygen K-edge X-ray absorption measurements including X-ray sources, monochromators, and detection schemes. Many recent oxygen K-edge studies combine X-ray absorption with time and spatially resolved measurements and/or operando conditions. The main theoretical and conceptual approximations for the simulation of oxygen K-edges are discussed in the Theory section. We subsequently discuss oxygen atoms and ions, binary molecules, water, and larger molecules containing oxygen, including biomolecular systems. The largest part of the review deals with the experimental results for solid oxides, starting from s- and p-electron oxides. Examples of theoretical simulations for these oxides are introduced in order to show how accurate a DFT description can be in the case of s and p electron overlap. We discuss the general analysis of the 3d transition metal oxides including discussions of the crystal field effect and the effects and trends in oxidation state and covalency. In addition to the general concepts, we give a systematic overview of the oxygen K-edges element by element, for the s-, p-, d-, and f-electron systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Frati
- Inorganic
chemistry and catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Frank M. F. de Groot
- Inorganic
chemistry and catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
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8
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Mukai K, Nonaka T, Uyama T, Nishimura YF. In situ X-ray Raman spectroscopy and magnetic susceptibility study on the Li[Li 0.15Mn 1.85]O 4 oxygen anion redox reaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:1701-1704. [PMID: 31942909 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc09051g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Li-rich compounds have received significant attention as electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) because of their large rechargeable capacities (qrecha). We have demonstrated a novel reaction scheme of one of the Li-rich compounds, Li[Li0.15Mn1.85]O4, where Mn4+ ions are reduced to lower valence states such as Mn3+ and Mn2+ ions during charging at voltages above 5.0 V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Mukai
- Toyota Central Research & Development Laboratories, Inc., Yokomichi 41-1, Na-gakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan.
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9
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Longo RC, Camacho-Forero LE, Balbuena PB. Li 2S growth on graphene: Impact on the electrochemical performance of Li-S batteries. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:014701. [PMID: 31914763 DOI: 10.1063/1.5135304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lithium-sulfur batteries show remarkable potential for energy storage applications due to their high-specific capacity and the low cost of active materials, especially sulfur. However, whereas there is a consensus about the use of lithium metal as the negative electrode, there is not a clear and widely accepted architectural design for the positive electrode of sulfur batteries. The difficulties arise when trying to find a balance between high-surface-area architectures and practical utilization of the sulfur content. Intensive understanding of the interfacial mechanisms becomes then crucial to design optimized carbon-hosted sulfur architectures with enhanced electrochemical performance. In this work, we use density functional theory (DFT)-based first principles calculations to describe and characterize the growing mechanisms of Li2S active material on graphene, taken as an example of a nonencapsulated carbon host for the positive electrode of Li-S batteries. We first unravel the two growing mechanisms of Li2S supported nanostructures, which explain recent experimental findings on real-time monitoring of interfacial deposition of lithium sulfides during discharge, obtained by means of in situ atomic force microscopy. Then, using a combination of mathematical tools and DFT calculations, we obtain the first cycle voltage plot, explaining the three different regions observed that ultimately lead to the formation of high-order polysulfides upon charge. Finally, we show how the different Li2S supported nanostructures can be characterized in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements. Altogether, this work provides useful insights for the rational design of new carbon-hosted sulfur architectures with optimized characteristics for the positive electrode of lithium-sulfur batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto C Longo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Luis E Camacho-Forero
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Perla B Balbuena
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
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10
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Story SM, Vila FD, Kas JJ, Raniga KB, Pemmaraju CD, Rehr JJ. Corvus: a framework for interfacing scientific software for spectroscopic and materials science applications. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2019; 26:1694-1704. [PMID: 31490161 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577519007495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Corvus, a Python-based package designed for managing workflows of physical simulations that utilize multiple scientific software packages, is presented. Corvus can be run as an executable script with an input file and automatically generated or custom workflows, or interactively, in order to build custom workflows with a set of Corvus-specific tools. Several prototypical examples are presented that link density functional, vibrational and X-ray spectroscopy software packages and are of interest to the synchrotron community. These examples highlight the simplification of complex spectroscopy calculations that were previously limited to expert users, and demonstrate the flexibility of the Corvus infrastructure to tackle more general problems in other research areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Story
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - F D Vila
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - J J Kas
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - K B Raniga
- School of Humanities and Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - C D Pemmaraju
- Theory Institute for Materials and Energy Spectroscopies, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - J J Rehr
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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11
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Vinson J, Jach T, Müller M, Unterumsberger R, Beckhoff B. Resonant X-ray Emission and Valence-band Lifetime Broadening in LiNO 3. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B 2019; 100:10.1103/physrevb.100.085143. [PMID: 32166205 PMCID: PMC7067219 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.100.085143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
X-ray absorption and resonant inelastic x-ray scattering measurements are carried out on lithium nitrate LiNO3. The nitrogen σ orbitals exhibit a large lifetime effect. Experimentally, this is manifest as an apparent weakening of the x-ray emission signal from these states, but a closer examination shows that instead it is due to extreme broadening. This echos previous studies on ammonium nitrate, which, despite large differences in the cation and space group, showed a similar effect associated with the nitrate. Using first-principles GW self-energy and Bethe-Salpeter equation calculations we show that this effect is due in part to short quasi-hole lifetimes for the orbitals constituting the NO σ bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Vinson
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899
| | - Terrence Jach
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899
| | - Matthias Müller
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestraße 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Burkhard Beckhoff
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestraße 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
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12
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Ketenoglu D, Spiekermann G, Harder M, Oz E, Koz C, Yagci MC, Yilmaz E, Yin Z, Sahle CJ, Detlefs B, Yavaş H. X-ray Raman spectroscopy of lithium-ion battery electrolyte solutions in a flow cell. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2018; 25:537-542. [PMID: 29488934 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577518001662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The effects of varying LiPF6 salt concentration and the presence of lithium bis(oxalate)borate additive on the electronic structure of commonly used lithium-ion battery electrolyte solvents (ethylene carbonate-dimethyl carbonate and propylene carbonate) have been investigated. X-ray Raman scattering spectroscopy (a non-resonant inelastic X-ray scattering method) was utilized together with a closed-circle flow cell. Carbon and oxygen K-edges provide characteristic information on the electronic structure of the electrolyte solutions, which are sensitive to local chemistry. Higher Li+ ion concentration in the solvent manifests itself as a blue-shift of both the π* feature in the carbon edge and the carbonyl π* feature in the oxygen edge. While these oxygen K-edge results agree with previous soft X-ray absorption studies on LiBF4 salt concentration in propylene carbonate, carbon K-edge spectra reveal a shift in energy, which can be explained with differing ionic conductivities of the electrolyte solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didem Ketenoglu
- Department of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Ankara University, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Georg Spiekermann
- Institute of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Manuel Harder
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Erdinc Oz
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Cevriye Koz
- Department of Physics, Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, UK
| | - Mehmet C Yagci
- Institute of Energy Systems Technology (INES), Offenburg University of Applied Sciences, Offenburg 77652, Germany
| | - Eda Yilmaz
- National Nanotechnology Research Center and Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology (UNAM), Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zhong Yin
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | | | - Blanka Detlefs
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble 38043, France
| | - Hasan Yavaş
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg 22607, Germany
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13
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O'Shaughnessy C, Henderson GS, Moulton BJA, Zuin L, Neuville DR. A Li K-edge XANES study of salts and minerals. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2018; 25:543-551. [PMID: 29488935 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577518000954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The first comprehensive Li K-edge XANES study of a varied suite of Li-bearing minerals is presented. Drastic changes in the bonding environment for lithium are demonstrated and this can be monitored using the position and intensity of the main Li K-absorption edge. The complex silicates confirm the assignment of the absorption edge to be a convolution of triply degenerate p-like states as previously proposed for simple lithium compounds. The Li K-edge position depends on the electronegativity of the element to which it is bound. The intensity of the first peak varies depending on the existence of a 2p electron and can be used to evaluate the degree of ionicity of the bond. The presence of a 2p electron results in a weak first-peak intensity. The maximum intensity of the absorption edge shifts to lower energy with increasing SiO2 content for the lithium aluminosilicate minerals. The bond length distortion of the lithium aluminosilicates decreases with increasing SiO2 content, thus increased distortion leads to an increase in edge energy which measures lithium's electron affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lucia Zuin
- Canadian Light Source Inc., University of Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Daniel R Neuville
- Laboratoire des Géomatériaux, CNRS - Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, France
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14
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Cockayne E, Shirley EL, Ravel BD, Woicik JC. Local atomic geometry and Ti 1s near-edge spectra in PbTiO 3 and SrTiO 3. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B 2018; 98:10.1103/PhysRevB.98.014111. [PMID: 30984900 PMCID: PMC6459621 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.98.014111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We study Ti 1s near-edge spectroscopy in PbTiO3 at various temperatures above and below its tetragonal-to-cubic phase transition, and in SrTiO3 at room temperature. Ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) runs on 80-atom supercells are used to determine the average internal coordinates and their fluctuations. We determine that one vector local order parameter is the dominant contributor to changes in spectral features: the displacement of the Ti ion with respect to its axial O neighbors in each Cartesian direction, as these displacements enhance the cross section for transitions to Eg-derived core-hole exciton levels. Using periodic five-atom structures whose relative Ti-O displacements match the root-mean-square values from the AIMD simulations, and core-hole Bethe-Salpeter equation (BSE) calculations, we quantitatively predict the respective Ti 1s near-edge spectra. Properly accounting for atomic fluctuations greatly improves the agreement between theoretical and experimental spectra. The evolution of relative strengths of spectral features vs temperature and electric field polarization vector are captured in considerable detail. This work shows that local structure can be characterized from first-principles sufficiently well to aid both the prediction and the interpretation of near-edge spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Cockayne
- Materials Measurement Science Division, Material Measurement Laboratory,National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899 USA
| | - Eric L Shirley
- Sensor Science Division, Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899 USA
| | - Bruce D Ravel
- Materials Measurement Science Division, Material Measurement Laboratory,National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899 USA
| | - Joseph C Woicik
- Materials Measurement Science Division, Material Measurement Laboratory,National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899 USA
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15
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Gent WE, Lim K, Liang Y, Li Q, Barnes T, Ahn SJ, Stone KH, McIntire M, Hong J, Song JH, Li Y, Mehta A, Ermon S, Tyliszczak T, Kilcoyne D, Vine D, Park JH, Doo SK, Toney MF, Yang W, Prendergast D, Chueh WC. Coupling between oxygen redox and cation migration explains unusual electrochemistry in lithium-rich layered oxides. Nat Commun 2017; 8:2091. [PMID: 29233965 PMCID: PMC5727078 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02041-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lithium-rich layered transition metal oxide positive electrodes offer access to anion redox at high potentials, thereby promising high energy densities for lithium-ion batteries. However, anion redox is also associated with several unfavorable electrochemical properties, such as open-circuit voltage hysteresis. Here we reveal that in Li1.17-x Ni0.21Co0.08Mn0.54O2, these properties arise from a strong coupling between anion redox and cation migration. We combine various X-ray spectroscopic, microscopic, and structural probes to show that partially reversible transition metal migration decreases the potential of the bulk oxygen redox couple by > 1 V, leading to a reordering in the anionic and cationic redox potentials during cycling. First principles calculations show that this is due to the drastic change in the local oxygen coordination environments associated with the transition metal migration. We propose that this mechanism is involved in stabilizing the oxygen redox couple, which we observe spectroscopically to persist for 500 charge/discharge cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- William E Gent
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, 333 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- The Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Kipil Lim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 496 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Yufeng Liang
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Qinghao Li
- The Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- School of Physics, National Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, 27 Shanda South road, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Taylor Barnes
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Sung-Jin Ahn
- Energy Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, 130, Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16678, South Korea
| | - Kevin H Stone
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Mitchell McIntire
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, 353 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jihyun Hong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 496 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Jay Hyok Song
- Energy1lab, Samsung SDI, 130, Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16678, South Korea
| | - Yiyang Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 496 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Apurva Mehta
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Stefano Ermon
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, 353 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Tolek Tyliszczak
- The Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - David Kilcoyne
- The Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - David Vine
- The Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jin-Hwan Park
- Energy Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, 130, Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16678, South Korea
| | - Seok-Kwang Doo
- Energy Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, 130, Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16678, South Korea
| | - Michael F Toney
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
- Stanford Institute for Materials & Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
| | - Wanli Yang
- The Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
| | - David Prendergast
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
| | - William C Chueh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 496 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Stanford Institute for Materials & Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
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16
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Huotari S, Sahle CJ, Henriquet C, Al-Zein A, Martel K, Simonelli L, Verbeni R, Gonzalez H, Lagier MC, Ponchut C, Moretti Sala M, Krisch M, Monaco G. A large-solid-angle X-ray Raman scattering spectrometer at ID20 of the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2017; 24:521-530. [PMID: 28244449 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577516020579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
An end-station for X-ray Raman scattering spectroscopy at beamline ID20 of the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility is described. This end-station is dedicated to the study of shallow core electronic excitations using non-resonant inelastic X-ray scattering. The spectrometer has 72 spherically bent analyzer crystals arranged in six modular groups of 12 analyzer crystals each for a combined maximum flexibility and large solid angle of detection. Each of the six analyzer modules houses one pixelated area detector allowing for X-ray Raman scattering based imaging and efficient separation of the desired signal from the sample and spurious scattering from the often used complicated sample environments. This new end-station provides an unprecedented instrument for X-ray Raman scattering, which is a spectroscopic tool of great interest for the study of low-energy X-ray absorption spectra in materials under in situ conditions, such as in operando batteries and fuel cells, in situ catalytic reactions, and extreme pressure and temperature conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Huotari
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Ch J Sahle
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Ch Henriquet
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - A Al-Zein
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - K Martel
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - L Simonelli
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - R Verbeni
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - H Gonzalez
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - M C Lagier
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - C Ponchut
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - M Moretti Sala
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - M Krisch
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - G Monaco
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
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17
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Nemausat R, Gervais C, Brouder C, Trcera N, Bordage A, Coelho-Diogo C, Florian P, Rakhmatullin A, Errea I, Paulatto L, Lazzeri M, Cabaret D. Temperature dependence of X-ray absorption and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra: probing quantum vibrations of light elements in oxides. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:6246-6256. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp08393e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Probing the quantum thermal fluctuations of nuclei in light-element oxides using XANES and NMR spectroscopies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruidy Nemausat
- Sorbonne Universités
- UPMC Univ Paris 06
- IMPMC
- UMR CNRS 7590
- F-75005 Paris
| | - Christel Gervais
- Sorbonne Universités
- UPMC Univ Paris 06
- LCMCP
- Collège de France
- UMR CNRS 7574
| | - Christian Brouder
- Sorbonne Universités
- UPMC Univ Paris 06
- IMPMC
- UMR CNRS 7590
- F-75005 Paris
| | - Nicolas Trcera
- Synchrotron SOLEIL
- L'Orme des Merisiers
- F-91192 Gif sur Yvette
- France
| | - Amélie Bordage
- ICMMO
- Univ Paris Sud
- Univ Paris-Saclay
- UMR CNRS 8182
- F-91405 Orsay
| | | | | | | | - Ion Errea
- Fisika Aplikatua 1 Saila
- Bilboko Ingeniaritza Eskola
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)
- 48013 Bilbao
- Spain
| | - Lorenzo Paulatto
- Sorbonne Universités
- UPMC Univ Paris 06
- IMPMC
- UMR CNRS 7590
- F-75005 Paris
| | - Michele Lazzeri
- Sorbonne Universités
- UPMC Univ Paris 06
- IMPMC
- UMR CNRS 7590
- F-75005 Paris
| | - Delphine Cabaret
- Sorbonne Universités
- UPMC Univ Paris 06
- IMPMC
- UMR CNRS 7590
- F-75005 Paris
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18
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Vinson J, Jach T, Müller M, Unterumsberger R, Beckhoff B. Quasiparticle Lifetime Broadening in Resonant X-ray Scattering of NH 4NO 3. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B 2016; 94:035163. [PMID: 27747308 PMCID: PMC5061147 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.94.035163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
It has been previously shown that two effects cause dramatic changes in the x-ray absorption and emission spectra from the N K edge of the insulating crystal ammonium nitrate. First, vibrational disorder causes major changes in the absorption spectrum, originating not only from the thermal population of phonons, but, significantly, from zero-point motion as well. Second, the anomalously large broadening (~ 4 eV) of the emission originating from nitrate σ states is due to unusually short lifetimes of quasiparticles in an otherwise extremely narrow band. In this work we investigate the coupling of these effects to core and valence excitons that are created as the initial x-ray excitation energy is progressively reduced toward the N edge. Using a GW/Bethe-Salpeter approach, we show the extent to which this anomalous broadening is captured by the GW approximation. The data and calculations demonstrate the importance that the complex self-energies (finite lifetimes) of valence bands have on the interpretation of emission spectra. We produce a scheme to explain why extreme lifetimes should appear in σ states of other similar compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Vinson
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899
| | - Terrence Jach
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899
| | - Matthias Müller
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestraße 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Burkhard Beckhoff
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestraße 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
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19
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Fioretti AN, Schwartz CP, Vinson J, Nordlund D, Prendergast D, Tamboli AC, Caskey CM, Tuomisto F, Linez F, Christensen ST, Toberer ES, Lany S, Zakutayev A. Understanding and Control of Bipolar Self-Doping in Copper Nitride. JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS 2016; 119:181508. [PMID: 27746508 PMCID: PMC5061149 DOI: 10.1063/1.4948244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor materials that can be doped both n-type and p-type are desirable for diode-based applications and transistor technology. Copper nitride (Cu3N) is a metastable semiconductor with a solar-relevant bandgap that has been reported to exhibit bipolar doping behavior. However, deeper understanding and better control of the mechanism behind this behavior in Cu3N is currently lacking in the literature. In this work, we use combinatorial growth with a temperature gradient to demonstrate both conduction types of phase-pure, sputter-deposited Cu3N thin films. Room temperature Hall effect and Seebeck effect measurements show n-type Cu3N with an electron density of 1017 cm-3 for low growth temperature (≈ 35 °C) and p-type with a hole density between 1015 cm-3 and 1016 cm-3 for elevated growth temperatures (50 °C to 120 °C). Mobility for both types of Cu3N was ≈ 0.1 cm2/Vs to 1 cm2/V. Additionally, temperature-dependent Hall effect measurements indicate that ionized defects are an important scattering mechanism in p-type films. By combining X-ray absorption spectroscopy and first-principles defect theory, we determined that VCu defects form preferentially in p-type Cu3N while Cui defects form preferentially in n-type Cu3N; suggesting that Cu3N is a compensated semiconductor with conductivity type resulting from a balance between donor and acceptor defects. Based on these theoretical and experimental results, we propose a kinetic defect formation mechanism for bipolar doping in Cu3N, that is also supported by positron annihilation experiments. Overall, the results of this work highlight the importance of kinetic processes in the defect physics of metastable materials, and provide a framework that can be applied when considering the properties of such materials in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela N. Fioretti
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA
| | - Craig P. Schwartz
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, SLAC National Accelerator Lab, Menlo Park, California 94720 USA
| | - John Vinson
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899 USA
| | - Dennis Nordlund
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, SLAC National Accelerator Lab, Menlo Park, California 94720 USA
| | - David Prendergast
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720 USA
| | - Adele C. Tamboli
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA
| | - Christopher M. Caskey
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA
| | | | | | | | - Eric S. Toberer
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA
| | - Stephan Lany
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA
| | - Andriy Zakutayev
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA
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20
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Altman AB, Pemmaraju CD, Camp C, Arnold J, Minasian SG, Prendergast D, Shuh DK, Tyliszczak T. Theory and X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy for Aluminum Coordination Complexes – Al K-Edge Studies of Charge and Bonding in (BDI)Al, (BDI)AlR2, and (BDI)AlX2 Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:10304-16. [PMID: 26258886 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b05854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alison B. Altman
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | | | - Clément Camp
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - John Arnold
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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21
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Sahle CJ, Mirone A, Niskanen J, Inkinen J, Krisch M, Huotari S. Planning, performing and analyzing X-ray Raman scattering experiments. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2015; 22:400-409. [PMID: 25723942 PMCID: PMC4786055 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577514027581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A compilation of procedures for planning and performing X-ray Raman scattering (XRS) experiments and analyzing data obtained from them is presented. In particular, it is demonstrated how to predict the overall shape of the spectra, estimate detection limits for dilute samples, and how to normalize the recorded spectra to absolute units. In addition, methods for processing data from multiple-crystal XRS spectrometers with imaging capability are presented, including a super-resolution method that can be used for direct tomography using XRS spectra as the contrast. An open-source software package with these procedures implemented is also made available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ch. J. Sahle
- Department of Physics, PO Box 64, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, BP 220, F-38043 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - A. Mirone
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, BP 220, F-38043 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - J. Niskanen
- Department of Physics, PO Box 64, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J. Inkinen
- Department of Physics, PO Box 64, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M. Krisch
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, BP 220, F-38043 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - S. Huotari
- Department of Physics, PO Box 64, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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22
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Pemmaraju CD, Copping R, Wang S, Janousch M, Teat SJ, Tyliszcak T, Canning A, Shuh DK, Prendergast D. Bonding and charge transfer in nitrogen-donor uranyl complexes: insights from NEXAFS spectra. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:11415-25. [PMID: 25330350 DOI: 10.1021/ic501107a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the electronic structure of three newly synthesized nitrogen-donor uranyl complexes [(UO2)(H2bbp)Cl2], [(UO)2(Hbbp)(Py)Cl], and [(UO2)(bbp)(Py)2] using a combination of near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy experiments and simulations. The complexes studied feature derivatives of the tunable tridentate N-donor ligand 2,6-bis(2-benzimidazyl)pyridine (bbp) and exhibit discrete chemical differences in uranyl coordination. The sensitivity of the N K-edge X-ray absorption spectrum to local bonding and charge transfer is exploited to systematically investigate the evolution of structural as well as electronic properties across the three complexes. A thorough interpretation of the measured experimental spectra is achieved via ab initio NEXAFS simulations based on the eXcited electron and Core-Hole (XCH) approach and enables the assignment of spectral features to electronic transitions on specific absorbing sites. We find that ligand-uranyl bonding leads to a signature blue shift in the N K-edge absorption onset, resulting from charge displacement toward the uranyl, while changes in the equatorial coordination shell of the uranyl lead to more subtle modulations in the spectral features. Theoretical simulations show that the flexible local chemistry at the nonbinding imidazole-N sites of the bbp ligand is also reflected in the NEXAFS spectra and highlights potential synthesis strategies to improve selectivity. In particular, we find that interactions of the bbp ligand with solvent molecules can lead to changes in ligand-uranyl binding geometry while also modulating the K-edge absorption. Our results suggest that NEXAFS spectroscopy combined with first-principles interpretation can offer insights into the coordination chemistry of analogous functionalized conjugated ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D Pemmaraju
- The Molecular Foundry, ‡Chemical Sciences Division, The Glenn T. Seaborg Center, ∥Computational Research Division, and ⊥Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berekeley, California 94720, United States
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23
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Lelong G, Radtke G, Cormier L, Bricha H, Rueff JP, Ablett JM, Cabaret D, Gélébart F, Shukla A. Detecting non-bridging oxygens: non-resonant inelastic X-ray scattering in crystalline lithium borates. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:10903-8. [PMID: 25275633 DOI: 10.1021/ic501730q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Probing the local environment of low-Z elements, such as oxygen, is of great interest for understanding the atomic-scale behavior in materials, but it requires experimental techniques allowing it to work with versatile sample environments. In this paper, the local environment of lithium borate crystals is investigated using non-resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (NRIXS) at energy losses corresponding to the oxygen K-edge. Large variations of the spectral features are observed close to the edge onset in the 535-540 eV energy range when varying the Li2O content. Calculations allow identification of contributions associated with bridging oxygen (BO) and non-bridging oxygen (NBO) atoms. The main result resides in the observed core-level shift of about 1.7 eV in the spectral signatures of the BO and NBO. The clear signature at 535 eV in the O K-edge NRXIS spectrum is thus an original way to probe the presence of NBOs in borates, with the great advantage of making possible the use of complex environments such as a high-pressure cell or high-temperature device for in situ measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gérald Lelong
- Institut de Minéralogie de Physique des Matériaux et Cosmochimie (IMPMC), Sorbonne Universités-UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR CNRS 7590, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, IRD UMR 206 , 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
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24
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Wan LF, Prendergast D. The solvation structure of Mg ions in dichloro complex solutions from first-principles molecular dynamics and simulated X-ray absorption spectra. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:14456-64. [PMID: 25243732 DOI: 10.1021/ja505967u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The knowledge of Mg solvation structure in the electrolyte is requisite to understand the transport behavior of Mg ions and their dissolution/deposition mechanism at electrolyte/electrode interfaces. In the first established rechargeable Mg-ion battery system [D. Aurbach et al. Nature 2000, 407, 724], the electrolyte is of the dichloro complex (DCC) solution family, Mg(AlCl2BuEt)2/THF, resulting from the reaction of Bu2Mg and EtAlCl2 with a molar ratio of 1:2. There is disagreement in the literature regarding the exact solvation structure of Mg ions in such solutions, i.e., whether Mg(2+) is tetra- or hexacoordinated by a combination of Cl(-) and THF. In this work, theoretical insight into the solvation complexes present is provided based on first-principles molecular dynamics simulations (FPMD). Both Mg monomer and dimer structures are considered in both neutral and positively charged states. We found that, at room temperature, the Mg(2+) ion tends to be tetracoordinated in the THF solution phase instead of hexacoordinated, which is the predominant solid-phase coordination. Simulating the X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) at the Mg K-edge by sampling our FPMD trajectories, our predicted solvation structure can be readily compared with experimental measurements. It is found that when changing from tetra- to hexacoordination, the onset of X-ray absorption should exhibit at least a 1 eV blue shift. We propose that this energy shift can be used to monitor changes in the Mg solvation sphere as it migrates through the electrolyte to electrolyte/electrode interfaces and to elucidate the mechanism of Mg dissolution/deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen F Wan
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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25
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Yang W, Guo J, Crumlin E, Prendergast D, Hussain Z. Experiments and Theory of In situ and Operando Soft X-ray Spectroscopy for Energy Storage. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/08940886.2014.952207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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26
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Pascal TA, Wujcik KH, Velasco-Velez J, Wu C, Teran AA, Kapilashrami M, Cabana J, Guo J, Salmeron M, Balsara N, Prendergast D. X-ray Absorption Spectra of Dissolved Polysulfides in Lithium-Sulfur Batteries from First-Principles. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:1547-51. [PMID: 26270094 DOI: 10.1021/jz500260s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of lithium polysulfides (Li2Sx) of various chain lengths (x) dissolved in a model solvent are obtained from first-principles calculations. The spectra exhibit two main absorption features near the sulfur K-edge, which are unambiguously interpreted as a pre-edge near 2471 eV due to the terminal sulfur atoms at either end of the linear polysulfide dianions and a main-edge near 2473 eV due to the (x - 2) internal atoms in the chain, except in the case of Li2S2, which only has a low-energy feature. We find an almost linear dependence between the ratio of the peaks and chain length, although the linear dependence is modified by the delocalized, molecular nature of the core-excited states that can span up to six neighboring sulfur atoms. Thus, our results indicate that the ratio of the peak area, and not the peak intensities, should be used when attempting to differentiate the polysulfides from XAS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jordi Cabana
- ⊥Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
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