1
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Drisko CR, Gezelter JD. A Reverse Nonequilibrium Molecular Dynamics Algorithm for Coupled Mass and Heat Transport in Mixtures. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:4986-4997. [PMID: 38833377 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.4c00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
We present a new method for introducing stable nonequilibrium concentration gradients in molecular dynamics simulations of mixtures. This method extends earlier reverse nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (RNEMD) methods, which use kinetic energy scaling moves to create temperature or velocity gradients. In the new scaled particle flux (SPF-RNEMD) algorithm, energies and forces are computed simultaneously for a molecule existing in two nonadjacent regions of a simulation box, and the system evolves under a linear combination of these interactions. A continuously increasing particle scaling variable is responsible for the migration of the molecule between the regions as the simulation progresses, allowing for simulations under an applied particle flux. To test the method, we investigate diffusivity in mixtures of identical but distinguishable particles and in a simple mixture of multiple Lennard-Jones particles. The resulting concentration gradients provide Fick diffusion constants for mixtures. We also discuss using the new method to obtain coupled transport properties using simultaneous particle and thermal fluxes to compute the temperature dependence of the diffusion coefficient and activation energies for diffusion from a single simulation. Lastly, we demonstrate the use of this new method in interfacial systems by computing the diffusive permeability of a molecular fluid moving through a nanoporous graphene membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody R Drisko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - J Daniel Gezelter
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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2
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K NA, Kumar S. Ion Selectivity in Multilayered Stacked Nanoporous Graphene. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:5294-5301. [PMID: 38236663 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c15044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Nanoporous graphene is an ideal candidate for molecular filtration as it can potentially combine high permeability with high selectivity at molecular levels. To make use of graphene in filtration setups, the defects formed during its growth and during the transfer of graphene to the carrier support pose a challenge. These uncontrolled pores can be avoided by stacking graphene layers, and then, controlled pores can be initiated with oxygen plasma. Here, we show that two-layer stacks provide the best balance of defect coverage and high selectivity compared with other stacks. Using the electrical characterization of ionic solutions in the standard diffusion cell, we compare the ionic transport and ionic selectivity of up to three-layered stacks of graphene that have been plasma-treated. We find that there is a decrease in the ionic selectivity of a two-layered stack as one more layer of graphene is added. We provide a model for this occurrence. Our results will be helpful for making practical and high-performance filtration systems from two-dimensional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niketa A K
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Hyderabad 502284, Telangana, India
| | - Shishir Kumar
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Hyderabad 502284, Telangana, India
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3
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Rahimi Z, Koslowski T, Lohrasebi A. Water purification modeling by functionalized hourglass-shape multilayer nano-channel. J Mol Graph Model 2023; 125:108599. [PMID: 37586129 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2023.108599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, inspired by the overall structure and operation of the aquaporin channel, graphene-based nanochannels are proposed to be used as potential membranes for the water purification process. To this end, an hourglass-shaped channel has been designed using the three-layer porous graphene sheets and the effects of some main channel's elements, such as the channel bending angle and attached functional groups to it, on the filtration performance have been examined by using molecular dynamics simulations. We find that a suitable bending channel shape can improve the channel efficiency, i.e. both the water permeability and the ion rejection rate of the suitable bent channels were more than for the straight channels. In addition, regarding the different functionalized channels, the half-functionalized channels were more efficient than the completed functionalized ones. Furthermore, by monitoring the dynamics of water molecules as they pass through the narrowest part of the channels, it was found that water molecule rotation assists water transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Rahimi
- Department of Physics, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, 8174673441, Iran; Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Koslowski
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Amir Lohrasebi
- Department of Physics, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, 8174673441, Iran.
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4
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Ronghe A, Ayappa KG. Graphene Nanopores Enhance Water Evaporation from Salt Solutions: Exploring the Effects of Ions and Concentration. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023. [PMID: 37312291 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
With increased water stress, the development of clean water technologies is an active area of research. Evaporation-based solutions offer the advantage of low energy consumption, and recently a 10-30 fold enhancement in water evaporation flux has been observed through Å-scale graphene nanopores (Lee, W.-C., et al., ACS Nano 2022, 16(9), 15382). Herein, using molecular dynamics simulations, we examine the suitability of Å-scale graphene nanopores in enhancing water evaporation from salt solutions (LiCl, NaCl, and KCl). Cation-π interactions between ions and the surface of nanoporous graphene are found to significantly influence ion populations in the nanopore vicinity, leading to varied water evaporation fluxes from different salt solutions. The highest water evaporation flux was observed for KCl solutions, followed by NaCl and LiCl solutions, with the differences reducing at lower concentrations. Relative to the bare liquid-vapor interface, 4.54 Å nanopores exhibit the highest evaporation flux enhancements ranging from 7 to 11, with an enhancement of 10.8 obtained for 0.6 M NaCl solution, which closely resembles seawater compositions. Functionalized nanopores induce short-lived water-water hydrogen bonds and reduce surface tension at the liquid-vapor interface, thereby lowering the free energy barrier for water evaporation with a negligible effect on the ion hydration dynamics. These findings can aid in developing green technologies for desalination and separation processes with low thermal energy input.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshaj Ronghe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - K Ganapathy Ayappa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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5
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Lasisi KH, Abass OK, Zhang K, Ajibade TF, Ajibade FO, Ojediran JO, Okonofua ES, Adewumi JR, Ibikunle PD. Recent advances on graphyne and its family members as membrane materials for water purification and desalination. Front Chem 2023; 11:1125625. [PMID: 36742031 PMCID: PMC9895114 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1125625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Graphyne and its family members (GFMs) are allotropes of carbon (a class of 2D materials) having unique properties in form of structures, pores and atom hybridizations. Owing to their unique properties, GFMs have been widely utilized in various practical and theoretical applications. In the past decade, GFMs have received considerable attention in the area of water purification and desalination, especially in theoretical and computational aspects. More recently, GFMs have shown greater prospects in achieving optimal separation performance than the experimentally derived commercial polyamide membranes. In this review, recent theoretical and computational advances made in the GFMs research as it relates to water purification and desalination are summarized. Brief details on the properties of GFMs and the commonly used computational methods were described. More specifically, we systematically reviewed the various computational approaches employed with emphasis on the predicted permeability and selectivity of the GFM membranes. Finally, the current challenges limiting their large-scale practical applications coupled with the possible research directions for overcoming the challenges are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayode Hassan Lasisi
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
| | - Olusegun K. Abass
- Department of Civil Engineering, and ReNEWACT Laboratory, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria,*Correspondence: Olusegun K. Abass, ,
| | - Kaisong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Temitope Fausat Ajibade
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | | | - John O. Ojediran
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | | | - James Rotimi Adewumi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Peter D. Ibikunle
- Department of Civil Engineering, and ReNEWACT Laboratory, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria
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6
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Liu Q, Wang X, Guo Y, Liu G, Zhou KG. Mechanism of ethanol/water reverse separation through a functional graphene membrane: a molecular simulation investigation. Front Chem Sci Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-022-2246-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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7
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Transport of Water Contaminated with Various Ions Through Nanoporous Graphene: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation. Transp Porous Media 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11242-022-01870-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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8
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Tabasi E, Vafa N, Firoozabadi B, Salmankhani A, Nouranian S, Habibzadeh S, Mashhadzadeh AH, Spitas C, Saeb MR. Ion rejection performances of functionalized porous graphene nanomembranes for wastewater purification: A molecular dynamics simulation study. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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9
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Dai Y, Liu M, Li J, Kang N, Ahmed A, Zong Y, Tu J, Chen Y, Zhang P, Liu X. Graphene-Based Membranes for Water Desalination: A Literature Review and Content Analysis. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14194246. [PMID: 36236193 PMCID: PMC9571434 DOI: 10.3390/polym14194246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Graphene-based membranes have unique nanochannels and can offer advantageous properties for the water desalination process. Although tremendous efforts have been devoted to heightening membrane performance and broadening their application, there is still lack of a systematic literature review on the development and future directions of graphene-based membranes for desalination. In this mini-review, literature published between 2011 and 2022 were analyzed by using the bibliometric method. We found that the major contributors to these publications and the highest citations were from China and the USA. Nearly 80% of author keywords in this analysis were used less than twice, showing the broad interest and great dispersion in this field. The recent advances, remaining gaps, and strategies for future research, were discussed. The development of new multifunctional nanocomposite materials, heat-driven/solar-driven seawater desalination, and large-scale industrial applications, will be important research directions in the future. This literature analysis summarized the recent development of the graphene-based membranes for desalination application, and will be useful for researchers in gaining new insights into this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yexin Dai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
| | - Miao Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
| | - Jingyu Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
| | - Ning Kang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
| | - Afaque Ahmed
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
| | - Yanping Zong
- Tianjin Marine Environmental Center Station, Ministry of Natural Resources, Tianjin 300450, China
| | - Jianbo Tu
- Tianjin Marine Environmental Center Station, Ministry of Natural Resources, Tianjin 300450, China
| | - Yanzhen Chen
- Tianjin Marine Environmental Center Station, Ministry of Natural Resources, Tianjin 300450, China
| | - Pingping Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Xianhua Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-22-85356239
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10
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Erohin SV, Sorokin PB. Edges in bilayered h-BN: insights into the atomic structure. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:14155-14160. [PMID: 36111581 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr02818b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study is devoted to the study of the edges of bilayered h-BN, whose atomic structure was previously generally unknown. It is shown that the edges tend to connect regardless of the edge cut. A defectless connection can be expected only in the case of a zigzag edge, while in other cases a series of tetragonal and octagonal defects will be formed. This result was obtained by carrying out an analogy between the edge of bilayered h-BN and the interface of monolayer h-BN. Information on the structure and energetics of closed edges allowed us to predict the shape of holes in h-BN, which agreed with the reference experimental data. Finally, it is shown that the closed edges do not create electronic states in the band gap, thus not changing the dielectricity of h-BN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V Erohin
- Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation.
- National University of Science and Technology MISIS, Moscow 119049, Russian Federation
| | - Pavel B Sorokin
- Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation.
- National University of Science and Technology MISIS, Moscow 119049, Russian Federation
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11
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Toh W, Ang EYM, Lin R, Liu Z, Ng TY. On the Performance of Vertically Aligned Graphene Array Membranes for Desalination. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:27405-27412. [PMID: 35666644 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c05425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we perform molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the performance of multilayer graphene slit membranes. Graphene slit membranes at a critical slit size have been found to be promising desalination membranes. In this contribution, it is shown that multilayer slit membranes have the potential to provide significantly better permeability while retaining outstanding salt rejection. Improved permeability of the membrane is achieved by using slits of widths larger than the critical slit size required to reject salt through size exclusion, and desalination of sea water is performed by increased resistance to salt passage through the multilayering. To facilitate the design process of future multilayer membranes, we analyze the flow resistance of the membrane as a combination of electrical resistors in series and show that this analogy works for membranes where the layers possess the same slit size, as well as membranes with layers of different slit sizes. Comparing with single layer graphene membranes, it was shown that it is possible to obtain 55% improvement in permeability without loss in salt rejection capabilities through multilayering. This opens up possibilities for membrane designers to be free from the restrictions of using a single layer graphene slit membrane with a fixed slit width.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Toh
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore
| | - Elisa Yun Mei Ang
- Engineering Cluster, Singapore Institute of Technology, 10 Dover Drive, 138683, Singapore
| | - Rongming Lin
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore
| | - Zishun Liu
- International Center for Applied Mechanics, State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Teng Yong Ng
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore
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12
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Wan Z, Zhu C, Francisco JS. Microscopic Insight into Water Desalination through Nanoporous Graphene: The Influence of the Dipole Moment. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:4029-4035. [PMID: 35486452 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nanoporous graphene membranes with controllable pore size and chemical functionality may be one of the most desirable materials for water desalination. Herein, we investigate desalination performance of hydrogen-functionalized nanoporous graphene membranes. The charge values on hydrogen atoms (qH) and carbon atoms at the pore rim are systematically adjusted. For qH > 0, the flow rate decreases as qH increases, whereas for qH < 0, the flow rate tends to increase first and then decrease with increasing qH, yielding a peak at ∼ -0.2 e. Moreover, nanopores with large dipole moments at the rim have little effect on the salt rejection. The calculated oxygen and hydrogen density maps, the potential of mean force for water molecule and salt ion passage through the nanopores, and the coordination number unveil the mechanisms underlying water desalination in nanoporous graphene. This work may inspire the design and improvement of two-dimensional membranes for water desalination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyi Wan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Chongqin Zhu
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Earth & Environmental Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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13
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Sharma BB, Govind Rajan A. How Grain Boundaries and Interfacial Electrostatic Interactions Modulate Water Desalination via Nanoporous Hexagonal Boron Nitride. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:1284-1300. [PMID: 35120291 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c09287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To fulfill the increasing demand for drinking water, researchers are currently exploring nanoporous two-dimensional materials, such as hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), as potential desalination membranes. A prominent, yet unsolved challenge is to understand how such membranes will perform in the presence of defects or surface charge in the membrane material. In this work, we study the effect of grain boundaries (GBs) and interfacial electrostatic interactions on the desalination performance of bicrystalline nanoporous hBN using classical molecular dynamics simulations supported by quantum-mechanical density functional theory (DFT) calculations. We investigate three different nanoporous bicrystalline hBN configurations, with symmetric tilt GBs having misorientation angles of 13.2, 21.8, and 32.2°. Using lattice dynamics calculations, we find that grain boundaries alter the areas and shapes of nanopores in bicrystalline hBN, as compared to the nanopores in monocrystalline hBN. We observe that, although bicrystalline nanoporous hBN with a misorientation angle of 13.2° shows an improved water flow rate by ∼30%, it demonstrates reduced Na+ ion rejection by ∼6%, as compared to monocrystalline hBN. We also uncover the role of the nanopore shape in water desalination, finding that more elongated pores with smaller sizes (in 21.8- and 32.2°-misoriented bicrystalline hBN) can match water permeation through less elongated pores of slightly larger sizes, with a concomitant ∼3-4% decrease in Na+ rejection. Simulations also predict that the water flow rate is significantly affected by interfacial electrostatic interactions. Indeed, the water flow rate is the highest when altered partial charges on B and N atoms were determined using DFT calculations, as compared to when no partial charges or bulk partial charges (i.e., charged hBN) were considered. Overall, our work on water/ion transport through nanopores in bicrystalline hBN indicates that the presence of GBs and surface charge can lead, respectively, to a decrease in the ion rejection and water permeation performance of hBN membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat Bhushan Sharma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Ananth Govind Rajan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
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14
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Noh Y, Aluru NR. Phonon-Fluid Coupling Enhanced Water Desalination in Flexible Two-Dimensional Porous Membranes. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:419-425. [PMID: 34935387 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c04155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Water purification using 2D nanoporous membranes has been drawing significant attention for over a decade because of fast water transport in ultrathin membranes. We perform a comprehensive study using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations on water desalination using 2D flexible membranes where the coupling between the fluid dynamics and mechanics of the membrane plays an important role. We observe that a considerable deformation and fluctuation in the 2D membrane results in an enhanced water permeability (up to 122%) along with a slight decrease in the salt rejection rate (less than 11%). Simulations on harmonically vibrating membranes indicate that the vibrational match at the membrane-water interface can significantly increase the permeance. We conduct mechanical stability tests and discuss the maximum endurable pressure of 2D porous membranes for water desalination. These findings will contribute to advances in applications using ultrathin membranes, such as energy harvesting and molecular separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yechan Noh
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - N R Aluru
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin 78712, United States
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15
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Zhang F, Liu H, Tao F, Wang X, Cao X, Hu W. Tunable Electric and Magnetic Properties of Transition Metal@N x C y -Graphene Materials by Different Metal and Defect Types. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:3230-3235. [PMID: 34411460 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Transition metal@Nx Cy -graphene (TM@Nx Cy -GR) materials have been widely used as redox reaction catalysts in the field of fuel cells due to their low cost and high performance. In the present work, we systematically investigate the effect of different metal and defect types on the electro-magnetic properties of TM@Nx Cy -GR materials using first principles calculations. Our simulations show that TM@N3 -GR (the minimum defect size) and TM@N7 -GR (the maximum defect size) materials always possess metallic property regardless the metal type. However, doping different TM can regulate the medium defects (TM@N2 C2 -GR-I and TM@N2 C2 -GR-II) among metallicity, half-metallicity and semi-conductivity. In addition, we found that different TM and defect type largely affects the magnetic moment. The spin density and projected density of state calculations show that the net charges of the defect structure are mainly located near the hole, and the magnetic regulation comes from the coupling of TM-d orbital with carbon (nitrogen)-s(p) orbitals. The present study provides abundant valuable information for the TM@Nx Cy -GR materials designs and applicants in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxiang Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong, 250353, P. R. China
| | - Haixia Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong, 250353, P. R. China
| | - Furong Tao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong, 250353, P. R. China
| | - Xijun Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27606, USA
| | - Xinrui Cao
- Department of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Semiconductors and Efficient Devices, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Wei Hu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong, 250353, P. R. China
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16
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Bakshi A, Bustamante H, Sui X, Joshi R. Structure Dependent Water Transport in Membranes Based on Two-Dimensional Materials. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c01919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aastha Bakshi
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Punjab Engineering College (Deemed to Be University), Chandigarh 160012, India
- SMaRT Centre, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | | | - Xiao Sui
- SMaRT Centre, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Rakesh Joshi
- SMaRT Centre, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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17
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Cui Y, An X, Zhang S, Tang Q, Lan H, Liu H, Qu J. Emerging graphitic carbon nitride-based membranes for water purification. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 200:117207. [PMID: 34020332 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Membrane separation is a promising technology that can effectively remove various existing contaminants from water with low energy consumption and small carbon footprint. The critical issue of membrane technology development is to obtain a low-cost, stable, tunable and multifunctional material for membrane fabrication. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has emerged as a promising membrane material, owing to the unique structure characteristics and outstanding catalytic activity. This review paper outlined the advanced material strategies used to regulate the molecule structure of g-C3N4 for membrane separation. The presentative progresses on the applications of g-C3N4-based membranes for water purification have been elaborated. Essentially, we highlighted the innovation integration of physical separation, catalysis and energy conversion during water purification, which was of great importance for the sustainability of water treatment techniques. Finally, the continuing challenges of g-C3N4-based membranes and the possible breakthrough directions in the future research was prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Cui
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaoqiang An
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shun Zhang
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qingwen Tang
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Huachun Lan
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Huijuan Liu
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiuhui Qu
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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18
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Priyadarsini A, Mallik BS. Aqueous Affinity and Interfacial Dynamics of Anisotropic Buckled Black Phosphorous. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:7527-7536. [PMID: 34213344 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c03344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The structure of black phosphorous (BP) is similar to the honeycomb arrangement of graphene, but the layered BP is found to be buckled and highly anisotropic. The buckled surface structure affects interfacial molecule mobility and plays a vital role in various nanomaterial applications. The BP is also known for wettability, droplet formation, stability, and hydrophobicity in the aqueous environment. However, there is a gap concerning the structural and dynamical behavior of water molecules, which is available in abundance for other monoatomic and polyatomic two-dimensional (2D) materials. Motivated by the technological importance, we try to bridge the gap by explaining the surface anisotropy-facilitated behavior of water molecules on bilayer BP using classical and first principles molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. From our classical MD study, we find three distinct layers of water molecules. The water layer closest to the interface is L1, followed by L2 and L3/bulk perpendicular to the BP surface. Water molecules in the L1 layer experience some structural disintegration in hydrogen bond (HB) phenomena compared to the bulk. There is a loss of HB donor-acceptor count per water molecule. The average HB count decreases because of an elevated rate of HB formation and deformation; this would affect the dynamic properties in terms of HB lifetime. Therefore, we observe the reduced lifetime of HB in the layer in close contact with BP, which again complements our finding on the diffusion coefficient of water molecules in distinct layers. Water diffuses relatively faster with diffusion coefficient 3.25 × 10-9 m2 s-1 in L1, followed by L2 and L3. The BP layer shows moderate hydrophobic nature. Our results also indicate the anisotropic behavior as the diffusion along the x-direction is faster than that along the y-direction. The gap in the slope of the x and y components of mean-squared displacement (MSD) complements the pinning effect in an aqueous environment. We observe blue-shifted and red-shifted libration and O-H stretching modes from the calculated power spectra for the L1 water molecules compared to the L2 and L3 molecules from first principles MD simulations. Our analysis may help understand the physical phenomena that occur during the surface wetting of the predroplet formation process observed experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adyasa Priyadarsini
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy, Telangana 502285, India
| | - Bhabani S Mallik
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy, Telangana 502285, India
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19
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Demingos PG, Pagnussatti RA, Muniz AR. Strain-Tunable Carbon Nanothread-Derived Membranes for Water Desalination. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:7311-7319. [PMID: 34170692 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c03839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanothread-derived nanomeshes are highly flexible two-dimensional (2D) structures with tunable pore size and shape, which allows fine control of their transport properties when applied as membranes. In this work, we use molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the performance of several nanomesh structures as membranes for water desalination through reverse osmosis. Results show that these membranes can operate in a wide range of water flow rate, with an optimal point that yields 100% NaCl rejection and water permeability as high as 106 L·cm-2·day-1·MPa-1, higher than other nanoporous 2D materials reported in the literature. This promising performance is partially due to the elliptical pores of strained nanomeshes, which allow the passage of rotated water molecules while rejecting hydrated salt ions. Our results show that carbon nanothread-derived nanomeshes have great potential for application in water desalination processes and emphasize the importance of engineering pore shape in 2D materials when applied as reverse osmosis membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro G Demingos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Luiz Englert s/n, 90040-040 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafaela A Pagnussatti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Luiz Englert s/n, 90040-040 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Andre R Muniz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Luiz Englert s/n, 90040-040 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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20
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Hossain JA, Kim B. Scale Effect on Simple Liquid Transport through a Nanoporous Graphene Membrane. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:6498-6509. [PMID: 34018744 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The transport mechanism of a simple liquid through nanoporous graphene membranes (NPGMs) with pores of various diameters has been explored by utilizing nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) simulation. The flow is initiated using a pressure-driven flow mechanism that moves the specular reflection wall at a constant velocity. Both the local density peak near the membrane and the pressure drop are dependent on the pore diameter. For accurate calculation of the velocity profile inside the nanopore, we implemented three boundary approaches and local nanoscale variants to see the effect of these factors on the nature of the nanoscale flow. We found an optimized definition of the pore boundary, which minimizes the deviation between MD results and slip-viscosity-modified Sampson's prediction for nanopores of various diameters. Additionally, we observed that with decreasing pore size, the pore center velocity increases, as does the slip velocity, which we attributed to van der Waals interaction between the liquid and wall atoms inside the nanopore. However, the effects of slip velocity, interfacial viscosity, and pore boundary decay exponentially with increasing pore diameter because of the dominance of van der Waals repulsive forces at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaber Al Hossain
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ulsan, Daehak-ro 93, Nam-gu, Ulsan 680-749, South Korea
| | - BoHung Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ulsan, Daehak-ro 93, Nam-gu, Ulsan 680-749, South Korea
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21
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Kleinubing Abal JP, Barbosa MC. Molecular fluid flow in MoS 2 nanoporous membranes and hydrodynamics interactions. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:134506. [PMID: 33832278 DOI: 10.1063/5.0039963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We study the impact of the induced pressure fields on the water flow and salt rejection in nanopores produced in MoS2 membranes. We observe that the water permeability and the salt rejection are not impacted by the distance between the pores. This result contradicts the continuous fluid mechanics calculations in microfilters, which indicates the existence of hydrodynamic interactions between adjacent pores that increase the water mobility. Our results suggest that at this nanoscale, the hydrodynamic interactions do not affect the water mobility through nanopores.
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Affiliation(s)
- João P Kleinubing Abal
- Institute of Physics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marcia C Barbosa
- Institute of Physics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, Brazil
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22
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Mehrdad M, Moosavi A. Novel adjustable monolayer carbon nitride membranes for high-performance saline water desalination. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:045706. [PMID: 32906105 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abb6a6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, via molecular dynamic simulations, we showed that the latest described graphene-like carbon nitride membranes, such as g-C4N3, g-C6N6, and g-C3N4 single-layers, can be used as high-performance membranes for water desalination. In addition to having inherent nanopores and extraordinary mechanical properties, the carbon nitride membranes have high water permeability and strong ion rejection (IR) capability. The important point about carbon nitride membranes is that the open or closed state of the pores can be changed by applying tensile stress and creating a positive strain on the membrane. The effect of the imposed pressure, the tensile strain, the ion concentration, and the effective pore size of the membranes are reported. It is demonstrated that, with the applied tensile strain of 12%, the g-C6N6 membrane is the best purification membrane, with a water permeability of 54.16 l cm-2 d-1 MPa-1 and the IR of 100%. Its water permeability is one order of magnitude greater than other one-atom-thick membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mehrdad
- Center of Excellence in Energy Conversion (CEEC), School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11365-9567, Iran
| | - Ali Moosavi
- Center of Excellence in Energy Conversion (CEEC), School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11365-9567, Iran
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23
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Gogoi A, Anki Reddy K, Senthilmurugan S, Kumar Mondal P. Dehydration of acetic acid using layered graphene oxide (GO) membrane through forward osmosis (FO) process: a molecular dynamics study. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2020.1849684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Gogoi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - K. Anki Reddy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - S. Senthilmurugan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Pranab Kumar Mondal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
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24
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Sharma BB, Parashar A. Mechanical strength of a nanoporous bicrystalline h-BN nanomembrane in a water submerged state. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:20453-20465. [PMID: 32926026 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp03235b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Due to superior water permeability, structural stability, and adsorption capability, h-BN nanosheets are emerging as an efficient membrane for water desalination. In order to cater to the demand for potable water, large size membranes are required to maintain a high desalination rate from water purification systems. These large size membranes usually contain polycrystals with an offset in their mechanical properties from pristine h-BN nanosheets. In this article, molecular dynamics based simulations were performed in conjunction with a hybrid interatomic potential (reactive force field, TIP3P, and Lennard Jones) to simulate the mechanical strength of nanoporous single and bicrystalline h-BN nanosheets under water submerged conditions. The interaction between the atomic configuration of grain boundary atoms and nanopores in the presence of water molecules helps in investigating the viability of defective h-BN nanomembranes for underwater applications. Higher dislocation density enhances the mechanical strength of nanoporous bicrystalline h-BN nanosheets containing twin nanopores, which makes them a better substitute for water submerged applications as compared to the pristine nanosheets. The mechanical strength of nanoporous single crystalline h-BN nanosheets deteriorates with an increase in the number of nanopores, whereas a contrasting trend was observed with bicrystalline h-BN nanosheets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat Bhushan Sharma
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India.
| | - Avinash Parashar
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India.
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25
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Kueh TC, Yu H, Soh AK, Wu HA, Hung YM. Influence of substrate on ultrafast water transport property of multilayer graphene coatings. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:375704. [PMID: 32480382 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab9864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The ultrafast water transport in graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) coating is attributed to the low friction passages formed by pristine graphene and the hydrophilic functional groups which provide a strong interaction force to the water molecules. Here, we examine the influence of the supporting substrate on the ultrafast water transport property of multilayer graphene coatings experimentally and by computational modelling. Thermally cured GNPs manifesting ultrafast water permeation are coated on different substrate materials, namely aluminium, copper, iron and glass. The physical and chemical structures of the GNPs coatings which are affected by the substrate materials are characterized using various spectroscopy techniques. Experimentally, the water permeation and absorption tests evidence the significant influence of the substrate on the rapid water permeation property of GNPs-coating. The water transport rates of the GNPs coatings correspond to the wettability and the free surface energy of their substrates where the most hydrophilic substrate induces the highest water transport rate. In addition, we conduct molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to investigate the transport rate of water molecules through multilayer GNPs adjacent to different substrate materials. The MD simulations results agree well with the experimental results inferring the strong influence of the substrate materials on the fast water transport of GNPs. Therefore, selection of substrate has to be taken into consideration when the GNPs-coating is placed into applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tze Cheng Kueh
- Advanced Engineering Platform, School of Engineering, Monash University, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
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26
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Patel TN, R P, Vashi Y, Bhattacharya P. Toxic impacts and industrial potential of graphene. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, TOXICOLOGY AND CARCINOGENESIS 2020; 38:269-297. [PMID: 32897810 DOI: 10.1080/26896583.2020.1812335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Advancement in the field of nanotechnology has increased the synthesis and exploitation of graphene-like nanomaterials. Graphene is a two-dimensional planar and hexagonal array of carbon atoms. Due to its flexible nature graphene and its derivatives have several significant prospects extending from electronics to life sciences and drug delivery systems. In this review, we enlist some of the toxic effects of graphene family nanomaterials (GFNs) in various aspects of biosystems viz., in vitro, in vivo, microbial, molecular and environmental. We also appreciate their extensive and promising applications though with some underlying challenges. This review also draws attention toward current and future prospect of global graphene market for wide-range commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trupti N Patel
- Department of Integrative Biology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Priyanka R
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yash Vashi
- Operations and Product Development Department, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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27
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Hasan MR, Kim B. Molecular transportation phenomena of simple liquids through a nanoporous graphene membrane. Phys Rev E 2020; 102:033110. [PMID: 33075877 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.102.033110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of pressure-driven transport of simple liquid through a nanoporous graphene membrane has been analyzed using nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulation. In this study, we investigate liquid dynamics properties such as local density, pressure variation, and local viscosity depending on the flow region. With movement of the specular reflection wall at the end of the front and back reservoirs, a pressure difference occurs mainly due to the change in the relative distance between the liquid molecules in the corresponding reservoir. The interfacial pressure difference strongly depends on the intermolecular force of the graphene membrane governed by the layered structure of the simple liquid and the applied flow velocity. The local viscosity was calculated for a nanochannel of simple liquid sheared by graphene walls. The liquid velocity adjacent to the pore edge was considered as the slip velocity, which provides updates in the Sampson flow equation. We observed that the entrance interfacial pressure and higher local viscosity in the vicinity of the graphene membrane, which are associated with the optimized definition of the wall-liquid boundary near the pore edge, play a critical role in the permeation of simple liquids through the nanoporous graphene membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rashedul Hasan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ulsan, Daehak-ro 93, Namgu, Ulsan 680-749, South Korea
| | - BoHung Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ulsan, Daehak-ro 93, Namgu, Ulsan 680-749, South Korea
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28
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A Molecular Dynamics Study on Rotational Nanofluid and Its Application to Desalination. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:membranes10060117. [PMID: 32517208 PMCID: PMC7345908 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10060117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we systematically study a rotational nanofluidic device for reverse osmosis (RO) desalination by using large scale molecular dynamics modeling and simulation. Moreover, we have compared Molecular Dynamics simulation with fluid mechanics modeling. We have found that the pressure generated by the centrifugal motion of nanofluids can counterbalance the osmosis pressure developed from the concentration gradient, and hence provide a driving force to filtrate fresh water from salt water. Molecular Dynamics modeling of two different types of designs are performed and compared. Results indicate that this novel nanofluidic device is not only able to alleviate the fouling problem significantly, but it is also capable of maintaining high membrane permeability and energy efficiency. The angular velocity of the nanofluids within the device is investigated, and the critical angular velocity needed for the fluids to overcome the osmotic pressure is derived. Meanwhile, a maximal angular velocity value is also identified to avoid Taylor-Couette instability. The MD simulation results agree well with continuum modeling results obtained from fluid hydrodynamics theory, which provides a theoretical foundation for scaling up the proposed rotational osmosis device. Successful fabrication of such rotational RO membrane centrifuge may potentially revolutionize the membrane desalination technology by providing a fundamental solution to the water resource problem.
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29
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K VP, Sathian SP. The effect of temperature on water desalination through two-dimensional nanopores. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:164701. [PMID: 32357792 DOI: 10.1063/1.5143069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene, molybdenum sulfide, and hexagonal boron nitride are widely studied for separation applications such as water desalination. Desalination across such 2D nanoporous membranes is largely influenced by the bulk transport properties of water, which are, in turn, sensitive to the operating temperature. However, there have been no studies on the effect of temperature on desalination through 2D nanopores. We investigated water desalination through hydrogen functionalized graphene nanopores of varying pore areas at temperatures 275.0 K, 300.0 K, 325.0 K, and 350.0 K. The water flux showed a direct relation with the diffusion coefficient and an inverse relation with the hydrogen-bond lifetime. As a direct consequence, the water flux was found to be related to the temperature as per the Arrhenius equation, similar to an activated process. The results from the present study improve the understanding on water and ion permeation across nanoporous 2D materials at different temperatures. Furthermore, the present investigation suggests a kinetic model, which can predict the water and ion permeation based on the characteristics of the nanopore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu Prasad K
- Department of Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Sarith P Sathian
- Department of Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
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30
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The effect of chemical functional groups and salt concentration on performance of single-layer graphene membrane in water desalination process: A molecular dynamics simulation study. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.112478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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31
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Shahbabaei M, Kim D. Exploring fast water permeation through aquaporin-mimicking membranes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:1333-1348. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp05496k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Using molecular dynamics simulations, herein, we illustrate that a bending structure shows different behaviors for fast water transport through aquaporin-mimicking membranes in multilayer graphene and tubular structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Shahbabaei
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Sogang University
- Seoul 121-742
- Republic of Korea
| | - Daejoong Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Sogang University
- Seoul 121-742
- Republic of Korea
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32
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Dynamic Properties of Water Confined in Graphene-Based Membrane: A Classical Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study. MEMBRANES 2019; 9:membranes9120165. [PMID: 31817137 PMCID: PMC6950170 DOI: 10.3390/membranes9120165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We performed molecular dynamics simulations of water molecules inside a hydrophobic membrane composed of stacked graphene sheets. By decreasing the density of water molecules inside the membrane, we observed that water molecules form a droplet through a hydrogen bond with each other in the hydrophobic environment that stacked graphene sheets create. We found that the water droplet translates as a whole body rather than a dissipate. The translational diffusion coefficient along the graphene surface increases as the number of water molecules in the droplet decreases, because the bigger water droplet has a stronger van der Waals interaction with the graphene surface that hampers the translational motion. We also observed a longer hydrogen bond lifetime as the density of water decreased, because the hydrophobic environment limits the libration motion of the water molecules. We also calculated the reorientational correlation time of the water molecules, and we found that the rotational motion of confined water inside the membrane is anisotropic and the reorientational correlation time of confined water is slower than that of bulk water. In addition, we employed steered molecular dynamics simulations for guiding the target molecule, and measured the free energy profile of water and ion penetration through the interstice between graphene sheets. The free energy profile of penetration revealed that the optimum interlayer distance for desalination is ~10 Å, where the minimum distance for water penetration is 7 Å. With a 7 Å interlayer distance between the graphene sheets, water molecules are stabilized inside the interlayer space because of the van der Waals interaction with the graphene sheets where sodium and chloride ions suffer from a 3–8 kcal/mol energy barrier for penetration. We believe that our simulation results would be a significant contribution for designing a new graphene-based membrane for desalination.
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33
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Wyss RM, Tian T, Yazda K, Park HG, Shih CJ. Macroscopic Salt Rejection through Electrostatically Gated Nanoporous Graphene. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:6400-6409. [PMID: 31429571 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Atomically thin porous graphene is emerging as one of the most promising candidates for next-generation membrane material owing to the ultrahigh permeation. However, the transport selectivity relies on the precise control over pore size and shape which considerably compromises the scalability. Here, we study electrolyte permeation through a sheet of large-area, porous graphene, with relatively large pore sizes of 20 ± 10 nm. Counterintuitively, a high degree of salt rejection is observed by electrostatic gating, reducing the diffusive flux by up to 1 order of magnitude. We systematically investigate the effects of salt concentration and species, including developing a theory to model the electrolyte diffusion through a nanopore drilled in a sheet of gated graphene. The interplay between graphene quantum capacitance and the electrical double layer is found to selectively modulate the anionic and cationic transport paths, creating voltage-dependent electrochemical barriers when the pore size is comparable to the Debye length. Our findings reveal a new degree of freedom regulating electrolyte permeation through porous two-dimensional materials, complementary to the pore size design and engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman M Wyss
- Soft Materials, Department of Materials , Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5 , Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Tian Tian
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5 , Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Khadija Yazda
- Nanoscience for Energy Technology and Sustainability, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering , Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich , Tannenstrasse 3 , Zürich CH-8092, Switzerland
| | - Hyung Gyu Park
- Nanoscience for Energy Technology and Sustainability, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering , Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich , Tannenstrasse 3 , Zürich CH-8092, Switzerland
- Mechanical Engineering , Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang , Gyeongbuk 37673 , Republic of Korea
| | - Chih-Jen Shih
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5 , Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
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34
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Theoretical Prediction of Mechanical Strength and Desalination Performance of One-Atom-Thick Hydrocarbon Polymer in Pressure-Driven Separation. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11081358. [PMID: 31426350 PMCID: PMC6723690 DOI: 10.3390/polym11081358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
One-atom-thick materials hold promise for the future of membrane-based gas purification and water filtration applications. However, there are a few investigations on the mechanical properties of these materials under pressure-driven condition. Here, by employing molecular simulation techniques and continuum mechanics simulation, we investigate the mechanical strength of two-dimensional hydrocarbon polymers containing sub-nanometer pores with various topologies. We demonstrate that the mechanical strengths of the membranes are correlated with their pore sizes and geometries. In addition, when the pore size of substrates is controlled within a reasonable range, all of the membrane candidates can withstand the practical hydraulic pressure of few megapascal. The studied materials also exhibit better seawater desalination performance as compared to the traditional polymeric reverse osmosis membrane. This work presents a new route to design new separation membrane, and also propose a simulation method to evaluate the mechanical strength and desalination performance.
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35
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Winarto, Yamamoto E, Yasuoka K. Separation of water-alcohol mixtures using carbon nanotubes under an electric field. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:15431-15438. [PMID: 31282508 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp01799b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are a promising candidate for separation membranes because of their ability to transport substances at very high flow rates. However, there is a tradeoff between achieving a high selectivity using small pore sizes and the reduction of water flux. Here, using molecular dynamics simulations, we report that CNTs can effectively separate water-methanol mixtures under an electric field. Without an electric field and under piston pressure, both water and methanol flow through a CNT, resulting in no separation effect. In contrast, under an electric field and high piston pressure, CNTs allow selective water permeation while rejecting the permeation of methanol molecules. This separation effect is caused by the ordered structures of water molecules in the CNT. A high filtering effect is observed under the conditions of high methanol concentration in the solution or even with large-diameter CNTs up to 3.39 nm. As long as the ordered structure of water in the CNTs can be maintained, the strong filtering effect can be maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winarto
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Brawijaya University, Jl. MT Haryono 167, Malang 65145, Indonesia
| | - Eiji Yamamoto
- Department of System Design Engineering, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Kenji Yasuoka
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
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36
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Buchheim J, Schlichting KP, Wyss RM, Park HG. Assessing the Thickness-Permeation Paradigm in Nanoporous Membranes. ACS NANO 2019; 13:134-142. [PMID: 30566335 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b04875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Driven by the need of maximizing performance, membrane nanofabrication strives for ever thinner materials aiming to increase permeation while evoking inherent challenges stemming from mechanical stability and defects. We investigate this thickness rationale by studying viscous transport mechanisms across nanopores when transitioning the membrane thickness from infinitely thin to finite values. We synthesize double-layer graphene membranes containing pores with diameters from ∼6 to 1000 nm to investigate liquid permeation over a wide range of viscosities and pressures. Nanoporous membranes with thicknesses up to 90 nm realized by atomic layer deposition demonstrate dominance of the entrance resistance for aspect ratios up to one. Liquid permeation across these atomically thin pores is limited by viscous dissipation at the pore entrance. Independent of thickness and universal for porous materials, this entrance resistance sets an upper bound to the viscous transport. Our results imply that membranes with near-ultimate permeation should feature rationally selected thicknesses based on the target solute size for applications ranging from osmosis to microfiltration and introduce a proper perspective to the pursuit of ever thinner membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Buchheim
- Nanoscience for Energy Technology and Sustainability, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering , Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich , Tannenstrasse 3 , Zürich CH-8092 , Switzerland
| | - Karl-Philipp Schlichting
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering , Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich , Tannenstrasse 3 , Zürich CH-8092 , Switzerland
| | - Roman M Wyss
- Institute of Soft Materials Department of Material Sciences , Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5 , Zürich CH-8093 , Switzerland
| | - Hyung Gyu Park
- Nanoscience for Energy Technology and Sustainability, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering , Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich , Tannenstrasse 3 , Zürich CH-8092 , Switzerland
- Mechanical Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , 77 Cheongam-ro , Nam-gu, Pohang , Gyeongbuk 37673 , Republic of Korea
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Sahu P, Ali SM. Breakdown of continuum model for water transport and desalination through ultrathin graphene nanopores: insights from molecular dynamics simulations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:21389-21406. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp04364k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the quest for identifying a graphene membrane for efficient water desalination, molecular dynamics simulations were performed for the pressure-driven flow of salty water across a multilayer graphene membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Sahu
- Bhabha Atomic Research Center
- Mumbai 400085
- India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute
- Mumbai 400094
| | - Sk. Musharaf Ali
- Bhabha Atomic Research Center
- Mumbai 400085
- India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute
- Mumbai 400094
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39
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Nguyen CT, Beskok A. Charged nanoporous graphene membranes for water desalination. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:9483-9494. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp01079c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Water desalination using positively and negatively charged single-layer nanoporous graphene membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinh Thanh Nguyen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Southern Methodist University
- Dallas
- USA
| | - Ali Beskok
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Southern Methodist University
- Dallas
- USA
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40
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Tiwari S, Gogoi A, Reddy KA. What governs the nature of fouling in forward osmosis (FO) and reverse osmosis (RO)? A molecular dynamics study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:24165-24176. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp04393d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Difference in the distribution of water molecules around the protein leads to different fouling structures in FO and RO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivam Tiwari
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- India
| | - Abhijit Gogoi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- India
| | - K. Anki Reddy
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- India
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41
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42
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Investigation of water-oil separation via graphene oxide membranes: A molecular dynamics study. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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43
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De Marchi L, Pretti C, Gabriel B, Marques PAAP, Freitas R, Neto V. An overview of graphene materials: Properties, applications and toxicity on aquatic environments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 631-632:1440-1456. [PMID: 29727968 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Due to unique chemical and physical properties, nanomaterials from the Graphene family are being increasingly introduced in all fields of science. The specific roles they can occupy within different applications are attracting increased attention by several industrial sectors. These carbon nanoparticles are released into the environment especially accumulating in aquatic systems. Since the discovery of graphene, a number of research actives are being conducted to find out the toxic potential of the Graphene family materials to different organism's models. Although their toxicity effects are well described for biomedical applications, few data were produced with the specific aim of assessing the toxic effects of these carbon nanomaterials in the aquatic environment. The purpose of this review is to compile up-to-date information on properties, applications and characterization methods of graphene family materials in aquatic environments and identified biological toxic impacts of these NMs, with special focus on graphene oxide based on the most recent literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia De Marchi
- Department of Biology & Center for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation, Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Carlo Pretti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, San Piero a Grado, Pisa 56122, Italy
| | - Bárbara Gabriel
- Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation, Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Paula A A P Marques
- Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation, Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rosa Freitas
- Department of Biology & Center for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Victor Neto
- Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation, Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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45
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Nguyen CT, Beskok A. Saltwater transport through pristine and positively charged graphene membranes. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:024704. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5032207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chinh Thanh Nguyen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75205, USA
| | - Ali Beskok
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75205, USA
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46
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Qiu Y, Schwegler BR, Wang LP. Polarizable Molecular Simulations Reveal How Silicon-Containing Functional Groups Govern the Desalination Mechanism in Nanoporous Graphene. J Chem Theory Comput 2018; 14:4279-4290. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.8b00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Qiu
- Chemistry Department, The University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Benedict R. Schwegler
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Lee-Ping Wang
- Chemistry Department, The University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
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47
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Lyu Q, Sun S, Li C, Hu S, Lin LC. Rational Design of Two-Dimensional Hydrocarbon Polymer as Ultrathin-Film Nanoporous Membranes for Water Desalination. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:18778-18786. [PMID: 29733183 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b04630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Membrane-based water desalination has drawn considerable attention for its potential in addressing the increasingly limited water resources, but progress remains limited due to the inherent constraints of conventional membrane materials. In this work, by employing state-of-the-art molecular simulation techniques, we demonstrated that two-dimensional hydrocarbon polymer membranes, materials that possess intrinsic and tunable nanopores, can provide opportunities as molecular sieves for producing drinkable water from saline sources. Moreover, we identified a unique relationship between the permeation and selectivity for membranes with elliptical pores, which breaks the commonly known trade-off between the pore size and desalination performance. Specifically, increase in the area of elliptical pores with a controlled minor diameter can offer an improved water flux without compromising the ability to reject salts. Water distributions and water dynamics at atomic levels with the potential of mean force profiles for water and ions were also analyzed to understand the dependence of permeation and selectivity on the pore geometry. The outcomes of this work are instrumental to the future development of ultrathin-film reverse osmosis membranes and provide guidelines for the design of membranes with more effective and efficient pore structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Lyu
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , The Ohio State University , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , United States
| | | | | | | | - Li-Chiang Lin
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , The Ohio State University , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , United States
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48
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Yu T, Bai L, Xu Z, Yang X. Molecular simulation of permeation behaviour of ethanol/water molecules with single-layer graphene oxide membranes. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2018.1464161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tongfei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lifei Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhijun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoning Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
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Abstract
Two-dimensional, graphene-based materials have attracted great attention as a new membrane building block, primarily owing to their potential to make the thinnest possible membranes and thus provide the highest permeance for effective sieving, assuming comparable porosity to conventional membranes and uniform molecular-sized pores. However, a great challenge exists to fabricate large-area, single-layered graphene or graphene oxide (GO) membranes that have negligible undesired transport pathways, such as grain boundaries, tears, and cracks. Therefore, model systems, such as a single flake or nanochannels between graphene or GO flakes, have been studied via both simulations and experiments to explore the transport mechanisms and separation potential of graphene-based membranes. This article critically reviews literature related to single- to few-layered graphene and GO membranes, from material synthesis and characteristics, fundamental membrane structures, and transport mechanisms to potential separation applications. Knowledge gaps between science and engineering in this new field and future opportunities for practical separation applications are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanglei Zhou
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, USA; ,
| | - Mahdi Fathizadeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA;
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, USA; ,
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50
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Ali I, Alharbi OML, Tkachev A, Galunin E, Burakov A, Grachev VA. Water treatment by new-generation graphene materials: hope for bright future. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:7315-7329. [PMID: 29359248 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1315-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Water is the most important and essential component of earth's ecosystem playing a vital role in the proper functioning of flora and fauna. But, our water resources are contaminating continuously. The whole world may be in great water scarcity after few decades. Graphene, a single-atom thick carbon nanosheet, and graphene nanomaterials have bright future in water treatment technologies due to their extraordinary properties. Only few papers describe the use of these materials in water treatment by adsorption, filtration, and photodegradation methods. This article presents a critical evaluation of the contribution of graphene nanomaterials in water treatment. Attempts have been made to discuss the future perspectives of these materials in water treatment. Besides, the efforts are made to discuss the nanotoxicity and hazards of graphene-based materials. The suggestions are given to explore the full potential of these materials along with precautions of nanotoxicity and its hazards. It was concluded that the future of graphene-based materials is quite bright.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Taibah University, Medina Al-Munawara, 41477, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India.
| | - Omar M L Alharbi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Taibah University, Medina Al-Munawara, 41477, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alexey Tkachev
- Department of Technology and Methods of Nanoproducts Manufacturing, Tambov State Technical University, 106, Sovetskaya Str., Tambov, 392000, Russian Federation
| | - Evgeny Galunin
- Department of Technology and Methods of Nanoproducts Manufacturing, Tambov State Technical University, 106, Sovetskaya Str., Tambov, 392000, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander Burakov
- Department of Technology and Methods of Nanoproducts Manufacturing, Tambov State Technical University, 106, Sovetskaya Str., Tambov, 392000, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir A Grachev
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Leninsky Ave., 31, Moscow, 119071, Russian Federation
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