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Shen G, Ferry R, Kenney-Benson C, Rod E. A miniature multi-anvil apparatus using diamond as anvils-MDAC: Multi-axis diamond anvil cell. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2024; 95:073906. [PMID: 38980129 DOI: 10.1063/5.0212181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
The diamond anvil cell (DAC) has been widely used in high-pressure research. Despite significant progress over the past five decades, the opposed anvil geometry in the DAC inevitably leads to a disk-shaped sample configuration at high pressure. This intrinsic limitation is largely responsible for the large pressure and temperature gradients in the DAC, which often compromise precise experiments and their characterizations. We designed and fabricated a multi-axis diamond anvil cell (MDAC) by adopting the concept of a multi-anvil apparatus but using single crystal diamonds as the anvil material. Preliminary data show that the MDAC can generate extreme pressure conditions above 100 GPa. The advantages of the MDAC over a traditional opposed anvil DAC include thicker, voluminous samples, quasi-hydrostatic, or designed deviatoric stress conditions, and multidirectional access windows for optical applications and x-ray probes. In this article, we present the design and performance of a prototype MDAC, as well as the application prospects in high-pressure research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyin Shen
- HPCAT, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Richard Ferry
- HPCAT, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Curtis Kenney-Benson
- HPCAT, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Eric Rod
- HPCAT, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
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2
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Sneed DT, Smith GA, Kearney JSC, Childs C, Park C, Lawler KV, Salamat A, Smith D. Stable and metastable structures of tin (IV) oxide at high pressure. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2023; 381:20220346. [PMID: 37634534 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2022.0346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
We have analysed [Formula: see text] with a combination of synchrotron X-ray diffraction and X-ray absorption spectroscopy across a pressure range of [Formula: see text] GPa with thermal annealing by a [Formula: see text] laser allowing access to all of the known high-density polymorphs of [Formula: see text], and here report their crystallographic information. The metastability of the post-rutile [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] structures in [Formula: see text] are investigated by experiment and PW-DFT simulations, revealing a complex energetic landscape and suggesting a significant dependence of the observed phases on the pressure-temperature pathway taken in experiment. This article is part of the theme issue 'Exploring the length scales, timescales and chemistry of challenging materials (Part 1)'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T Sneed
- Physics Division, Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - G Alexander Smith
- Nevada Extreme Conditions Laboratory, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - John S C Kearney
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - Christian Childs
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
- Materials Science Division, Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Changyong Park
- HPCAT, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Keith V Lawler
- Nevada Extreme Conditions Laboratory, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - Ashkan Salamat
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
- Nevada Extreme Conditions Laboratory, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - Dean Smith
- Nevada Extreme Conditions Laboratory, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
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3
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Son FA, Fahy KM, Gaidimas MA, Smoljan CS, Wasson MC, Farha OK. Investigating the mechanical stability of flexible metal-organic frameworks. Commun Chem 2023; 6:185. [PMID: 37670014 PMCID: PMC10480183 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-00981-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As we continue to develop metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for potential industrial applications, it becomes increasingly imperative to understand their mechanical stability. Notably, amongst flexible MOFs, structure-property relationships regarding their compressibility under pressure remain unclear. In this work, we conducted in situ variable pressure powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) measurements up to moderate pressures (<1 GPa) using a synchrotron source on two families of flexible MOFs: (i) NU-1400 and NU-1401, and (ii) MIL-88B, MIL-88B-(CH3)2, and MIL-88B-(CH3)4. In this project scope, we found a positive correlation between bulk moduli and degree of flexibility, where increased rigidity (e.g., smaller swelling or breathing amplitude) arising from steric hindrance was deleterious, and observed reversibility in the unit cell compression of these MOFs. This study serves as a primer for the community to begin to untangle the factors that engender flexible frameworks with mechanical resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia A Son
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Kira M Fahy
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Madeleine A Gaidimas
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Courtney S Smoljan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Megan C Wasson
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Omar K Farha
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
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4
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Vasilev E, Popov D, Somayazulu M, Velisavljevic N, Knezevic M. White Laue and powder diffraction studies to reveal mechanisms of HCP-to-BCC phase transformation in single crystals of Mg under high pressure. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2173. [PMID: 36750749 PMCID: PMC9905478 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29424-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms of hexagonal close-packed (HCP) to body-centered cubic (BCC) phase transformation in Mg single crystals are observed using a combination of polychromatic beam Laue diffraction and monochromatic beam powder diffraction techniques under quasi-hydrostatic pressures of up to 58 ± 2 GPa at ambient temperature. Although experiments were performed with both He and Ne pressure media, crystals inevitably undergo plastic deformation upon loading to 40-44 GPa. The plasticity is accommodated by dislocation glide causing local misorientations of up to 1°-2°. The selected crystals are tracked by mapping Laue diffraction spots up to the onset of the HCP to BCC transformation, which is determined to be at a pressure of 56.6 ± 2 GPa. Intensity of the Laue reflections from HCP crystals rapidly decrease but no reflections from crystalline BCC phase are observed with a further increase of pressure. Nevertheless, the powder diffraction shows the formation of 110 BCC peak at 56.6 GPa. The peak intensity increases at 59.7 GPa. Upon the full transformation, a powder-like BCC aggregate is formed revealing the destructive nature of the HCP to BCC transformation in single crystals of Mg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenii Vasilev
- grid.167436.10000 0001 2192 7145Depatment of Mechanical Engineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA
| | - Dmitry Popov
- grid.187073.a0000 0001 1939 4845X-Ray Science Division, High Pressure Collaborative Access Team, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
| | - Maddury Somayazulu
- grid.187073.a0000 0001 1939 4845X-Ray Science Division, High Pressure Collaborative Access Team, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
| | - Nenad Velisavljevic
- grid.187073.a0000 0001 1939 4845X-Ray Science Division, High Pressure Collaborative Access Team, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA ,grid.250008.f0000 0001 2160 9702Physics Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550 USA
| | - Marko Knezevic
- Depatment of Mechanical Engineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, 03824, USA.
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5
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Evlyukhin E, Cifligu P, Pravica M, Bhowmik PK, Kim E, Popov D, Park C. Experimental demonstration of necessary conditions for X-ray induced synthesis of cesium superoxide. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:1799-1807. [PMID: 36597992 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04767e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Absorption of sufficiently energetic X-ray photons by a molecular system results in a cascade of ultrafast electronic relaxation processes which leads to a distortion and dissociation of its molecular structure. Here, we demonstrate that only decomposition of powdered cesium oxalate monohydrate induced by monochromatic X-ray irradiation under high pressure leads to the formation of cesium superoxide. Whereas, for an unhydrated form of cesium oxalate subjected to the same extreme conditions, only degradation of the electron density distribution is observed. Moreover, the corresponding model of X-ray induced electronic relaxation cascades with an emphasis on water molecules' critical role is proposed. Our experimental results suggest that the presence of water molecules in initially solid-state systems (i.e. additional electronic relaxation channels) together with applied high pressure (reduced interatomic/intermolecular distance) could potentially be a universal criteria for chemical and structural synthesis of novel compounds via X-ray induced photochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egor Evlyukhin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA.
| | - Petrika Cifligu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA.
| | - Michael Pravica
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA.
| | - Pradip K Bhowmik
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - Eunja Kim
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Dmitry Popov
- High Pressure Collaborative Access Team (HPCAT), X-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Changyong Park
- High Pressure Collaborative Access Team (HPCAT), X-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
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6
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Bommannavar A, Chow P, Ferry R, Hrubiak R, Humble F, Kenney-Benson C, Lv M, Meng Y, Park C, Popov D, Rod E, Somayazulu M, Shen G, Smith D, Smith J, Xiao Y, Velisavljevic N. Overview of HPCAT and capabilities for studying minerals and various other materials at high-pressure conditions. PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF MINERALS 2022; 49:36. [PMID: 35992384 PMCID: PMC9377298 DOI: 10.1007/s00269-022-01209-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
High-Pressure Collaborative Access Team (HPCAT) is a synchrotron-based facility located at the Advanced Photon Source (APS). With four online experimental stations and various offline capabilities, HPCAT is focused on providing synchrotron x-ray capabilities for high pressure and temperature research and supporting a broad user community. Overall, the array of online/offline capabilities is described, including some of the recent developments for remote user support and the concomitant impact of the current pandemic. General overview of work done at HPCAT and with a focus on some of the minerals relevant work and supporting capabilities is also discussed. With the impending APS-Upgrade (APS-U), there is a considerable effort within HPCAT to improve and add capabilities. These are summarized briefly for each of the end-stations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunkumar Bommannavar
- High Pressure Collaborative Access Team (HPCAT), X-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439 USA
| | - Paul Chow
- High Pressure Collaborative Access Team (HPCAT), X-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439 USA
| | - Rich Ferry
- High Pressure Collaborative Access Team (HPCAT), X-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439 USA
| | - Rostislav Hrubiak
- High Pressure Collaborative Access Team (HPCAT), X-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439 USA
| | - Freda Humble
- High Pressure Collaborative Access Team (HPCAT), X-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439 USA
| | - Curtis Kenney-Benson
- High Pressure Collaborative Access Team (HPCAT), X-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439 USA
| | - Mingda Lv
- High Pressure Collaborative Access Team (HPCAT), X-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439 USA
| | - Yue Meng
- High Pressure Collaborative Access Team (HPCAT), X-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439 USA
| | - Changyong Park
- High Pressure Collaborative Access Team (HPCAT), X-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439 USA
| | - Dmitry Popov
- High Pressure Collaborative Access Team (HPCAT), X-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439 USA
| | - Eric Rod
- High Pressure Collaborative Access Team (HPCAT), X-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439 USA
| | - Maddury Somayazulu
- High Pressure Collaborative Access Team (HPCAT), X-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439 USA
| | - Guoyin Shen
- High Pressure Collaborative Access Team (HPCAT), X-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439 USA
| | - Dean Smith
- High Pressure Collaborative Access Team (HPCAT), X-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439 USA
| | - Jesse Smith
- High Pressure Collaborative Access Team (HPCAT), X-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439 USA
| | - Yuming Xiao
- High Pressure Collaborative Access Team (HPCAT), X-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439 USA
| | - Nenad Velisavljevic
- High Pressure Collaborative Access Team (HPCAT), X-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439 USA
- Physics Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550 USA
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7
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Childs C, Smith D, Smith GA, Ellison P, Sneed D, Hinton J, Siska E, Pigott JS, Rod E, O'Donnell W, Salem R, Sturtevant B, Scharff RJ, Velisavljevic N, Park C, Salamat A. CO 2 laser heating system for in situ radial x-ray absorption at 16-BM-D at the Advanced Photon Source. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2022; 93:083901. [PMID: 36050120 DOI: 10.1063/5.0086642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We present a portable CO2 laser heating system for in situ x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) studies at 16-BM-D (High Pressure Collaborative Access Team, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory). Back scattering optical measurements are made possible by the implementation of a Ge beamsplitter. Optical pyrometry is conducted in the near-infrared, and our temperature measurements are free of chromatic aberration due to the implementation of the peak-scaling method [A. Kavner and W. R. Panero, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. 143-144, 527-539 (2004) and A. Kavner and C. Nugent, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 79, 024902 (2008)] and mode scrambling of the input signal. Laser power stabilization is established using electronic feedback, providing a steady power over second timescales [Childs et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 91, 103003 (2020)]-crucial for longer XAS collections. Examples of in situ high pressure-temperature extended x-ray absorption fine structure measurements of ZrO2 are presented to demonstrate this new capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Childs
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, USA
| | - Dean Smith
- Nevada Extreme Conditions Laboratory, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, USA
| | - G Alexander Smith
- Nevada Extreme Conditions Laboratory, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, USA
| | - Paul Ellison
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, USA
| | - Daniel Sneed
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, USA
| | - Jasmine Hinton
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, USA
| | - Emily Siska
- Nevada Extreme Conditions Laboratory, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Pigott
- Shock and Detonation Physics (M-9), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Eric Rod
- HPCAT, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - William O'Donnell
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, USA
| | - Ran Salem
- Physics Department, Nuclear Research Center Negev, P.O. Box 9001, Beer-Sheva 84190, Israel
| | - Blake Sturtevant
- Shock and Detonation Physics (M-9), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - R Jason Scharff
- Mission Support and Test Services, LLC, North Las Vegas, Nevada 89030, USA
| | - Nenad Velisavljevic
- HPCAT, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Changyong Park
- HPCAT, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Ashkan Salamat
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, USA
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8
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Chatterjee A, Popov D, Velisavljevic N, Misra A. Phase Transitions of Cu and Fe at Multiscales in an Additively Manufactured Cu–Fe Alloy under High-Pressure. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12091514. [PMID: 35564223 PMCID: PMC9104048 DOI: 10.3390/nano12091514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
A state of the art, custom-built direct-metal deposition (DMD)-based additive manufacturing (AM) system at the University of Michigan was used to manufacture 50Cu–50Fe alloy with tailored properties for use in high strain/deformation environments. Subsequently, we performed preliminary high-pressure compression experiments to investigate the structural stability and deformation of this material. Our work shows that the alpha (BCC) phase of Fe is stable up to ~16 GPa before reversibly transforming to HCP, which is at least a few GPa higher than pure bulk Fe material. Furthermore, we observed evidence of a transition of Cu nano-precipitates in Fe from the well-known FCC structure to a metastable BCC phase, which has only been predicted via density functional calculations. Finally, the metastable FCC Fe nano-precipitates within the Cu grains show a modulated nano-twinned structure induced by high-pressure deformation. The results from this work demonstrate the opportunity in AM application for tailored functional materials and extreme stress/deformation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arya Chatterjee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Dmitry Popov
- Argonne National Laboratory, HPCAT, X-ray Science Division, Lemont, IL 60439, USA; (D.P.); (N.V.)
| | - Nenad Velisavljevic
- Argonne National Laboratory, HPCAT, X-ray Science Division, Lemont, IL 60439, USA; (D.P.); (N.V.)
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Physics Division, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Amit Misra
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (A.M.)
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9
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Abstract
In conjunction with the increasing demand for material cutting, such as the decommissioning and dismantling of nuclear facilities, advanced cutting technologies need be developed to increase precision and cost-effectiveness. As compared with other cutting technologies, laser cutting offers advantages of greater cutting precision, accuracy, and customization. In this work, we investigated the constitution, classification, and current status of this technology. Pollutant emission during laser cutting, corresponding pollution control methods and apparatus were proposed as well. Laser cutting equipment mainly comprises an automated system integrating a fiber laser, industrial computer, servo motor control, electrical control, and detection technology. It mainly consists of mechanical and electrical control parts. Laser cutting equipment is distinguished by light source, power, and cutting dimensions. Known variants of laser cutting technology involve vaporization, fusion, reactive fusion, and controlled fracture cutting. During the cutting process, dust, smoke, and aerosols can be released, which is an environmental concern and poses a threat to public health. The selection of the dedusting method and design of apparatus should take into account the dust removal rate, initial capital cost, maintenance cost, etc. Multi-stage filtration such as bag filtration combined with activated carbon filtration or electrostatic filtration is accepted.
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10
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Gerthoffer MC, Xu B, Wu S, Cox J, Huss S, Oburn S, Lopez SA, Crespi V, Badding J, Elacqua E. Mechanistic Insights into the Pressure-Induced Polymerization of Aryl/Perfluoroaryl Co-Crystals. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01387d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recently discovered diamond nanothreads offer a stiff, sp3-hybridized backbone unachievable in conventional polymer synthesis that is formed through the solid-state pressure-induced polymerization of simple aromatics. This method enables monomeric A-B...
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11
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Huss S, Wu S, Chen B, Wang T, Gerthoffer MC, Ryan DJ, Smith SE, Crespi VH, Badding JV, Elacqua E. Scalable Synthesis of Crystalline One-Dimensional Carbon Nanothreads through Modest-Pressure Polymerization of Furan. ACS NANO 2021; 15:4134-4143. [PMID: 33470790 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c10400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanothreads, which are one-dimensional sp3-rich polymers, combine high tensile strength with flexibility owing to subnanometer widths and diamond-like cores. These extended carbon solids are constructed through pressure-induced polymerization of sp2 molecules such as benzene. Whereas a few examples of carbon nanothreads have been reported, the need for high onset pressures (≥17 GPa) to synthesize them precludes scalability and limits scope. Herein, we report the scalable synthesis of carbon nanothreads based on molecular furan, which can be achieved through ambient temperature pressure-induced polymerization with an onset reaction pressure of only 10 GPa due to its lessened aromaticity relative to other molecular precursors. When slowly compressed to 15 GPa and gradually decompressed to 1.5 GPa, a sharp 6-fold diffraction pattern is observed in situ, indicating a well-ordered crystalline material formed from liquid furan. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) of the reaction product exhibits three distinct d-spacings from 4.75 to 4.9 Å, whose size, angular spacing, and degree of anisotropy are consistent with our atomistic simulations for crystals of furan nanothreads. Further evidence for polymerization was obtained by powder XRD, Raman/IR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. Comparison of the IR spectra with computed vibrational modes provides provisional identification of spectral features characteristic of specific nanothread structures, namely syn, anti, and syn/anti configurations. Mass spectrometry suggests that molecular weights of at least 6 kDa are possible. Furan therefore presents a strategic entry toward scalable carbon nanothreads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Huss
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Sikai Wu
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Baker Laboratory, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal, 4, 20018 Donostia, San Sebastian, Spain
- Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 3, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Margaret C Gerthoffer
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Daniel J Ryan
- ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company, Annandale, New Jersey 08801, United States
| | - Stuart E Smith
- ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company, Annandale, New Jersey 08801, United States
| | - Vincent H Crespi
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - John V Badding
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Elizabeth Elacqua
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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12
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Reversal of carbonate-silicate cation exchange in cold slabs in Earth's lower mantle. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1712. [PMID: 33731704 PMCID: PMC7969735 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21761-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The stable forms of carbon in Earth's deep interior control storage and fluxes of carbon through the planet over geologic time, impacting the surface climate as well as carrying records of geologic processes in the form of diamond inclusions. However, current estimates of the distribution of carbon in Earth's mantle are uncertain, due in part to limited understanding of the fate of carbonates through subduction, the main mechanism that transports carbon from Earth's surface to its interior. Oxidized carbon carried by subduction has been found to reside in MgCO3 throughout much of the mantle. Experiments in this study demonstrate that at deep mantle conditions MgCO3 reacts with silicates to form CaCO3. In combination with previous work indicating that CaCO3 is more stable than MgCO3 under reducing conditions of Earth's lowermost mantle, these observations allow us to predict that the signature of surface carbon reaching Earth's lowermost mantle may include CaCO3.
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13
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Altman AB, Tamerius AD, Koocher NZ, Meng Y, Pickard CJ, Walsh JPS, Rondinelli JM, Jacobsen SD, Freedman DE. Computationally Directed Discovery of MoBi 2. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:214-222. [PMID: 33372790 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Incorporating bismuth, the heaviest element stable to radioactive decay, into new materials enables the creation of emergent properties such as permanent magnetism, superconductivity, and nontrivial topology. Understanding the factors that drive Bi reactivity is critical for the realization of these properties. Using pressure as a tunable synthetic vector, we can access unexplored regions of phase space to foster reactivity between elements that do not react under ambient conditions. Furthermore, combining computational and experimental methods for materials discovery at high-pressures provides broader insight into the thermodynamic landscape than can be achieved through experiment alone, informing our understanding of the dominant chemical factors governing structure formation. Herein, we report our combined computational and experimental exploration of the Mo-Bi system, for which no binary intermetallic structures were previously known. Using the ab initio random structure searching (AIRSS) approach, we identified multiple synthetic targets between 0-50 GPa. High-pressure in situ powder X-ray diffraction experiments performed in diamond anvil cells confirmed that Mo-Bi mixtures exhibit rich chemistry upon the application of pressure, including experimental realization of the computationally predicted CuAl2-type MoBi2 structure at 35.8(5) GPa. Electronic structure and phonon dispersion calculations on MoBi2 revealed a correlation between valence electron count and bonding in high-pressure transition metal-Bi structures as well as identified two dynamically stable ambient pressure polymorphs. Our study demonstrates the power of the combined computational-experimental approach in capturing high-pressure reactivity for efficient materials discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison B Altman
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Alexandra D Tamerius
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Nathan Z Koocher
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Yue Meng
- HPCAT, X-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Chris J Pickard
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom.,Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - James P S Walsh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - James M Rondinelli
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Steven D Jacobsen
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Danna E Freedman
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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Lin C, Liu X, Yang D, Li X, Smith JS, Wang B, Dong H, Li S, Yang W, Tse JS. Temperature- and Rate-Dependent Pathways in Formation of Metastable Silicon Phases under Rapid Decompression. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:155702. [PMID: 33095607 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.155702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
High-pressure metallic β-Sn silicon (Si-II), depending on temperature, decompression rate, stress, etc., may transform to diverse metastable forms with promising semiconducting properties under decompression. However, the underlying mechanisms governing the different transformation paths are not well understood. Here, two distinctive pathways, viz., a thermally activated crystal-crystal transition and a mechanically driven amorphization, were characterized under rapid decompression of Si-II at various temperatures using in situ time-resolved x-ray diffraction. Under slow decompression, Si-II transforms to a crystalline bc8/r8 phase in the pressure range of 4.3-9.2 GPa through a thermally activated process where the overdepressurization and the onset transition strain are strongly dependent on decompression rate and temperature. In comparison, Si-II collapses structurally to an amorphous form at around 4.3 GPa when the volume expansion approaches a critical strain via rapid decompression beyond a threshold rate. The occurrence of the critical strain indicates a limit of the structural metastability of Si-II, which separates the thermally activated and mechanically driven transition processes. The results show the coupled effect of decompression rate, activation barrier, and thermal energy on the adopted transformation paths, providing atomistic insight into the competition between equilibrium and nonequilibrium pathways and the resulting metastable phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanlong Lin
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing 100094, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuqiang Liu
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing 100094, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongliang Yang
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jesse S Smith
- High Pressure Collaborative Access Team, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Bihan Wang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing 100094, People's Republic of China
| | - Haini Dong
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing 100094, People's Republic of China
| | - Shourui Li
- Institute of Fluid Physics, CAEP, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Wenge Yang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing 100094, People's Republic of China
| | - John S Tse
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing 100094, People's Republic of China
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
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15
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Thomas SM, Santos FB, Christensen MH, Asaba T, Ronning F, Thompson JD, Bauer ED, Fernandes RM, Fabbris G, Rosa PFS. Evidence for a pressure-induced antiferromagnetic quantum critical point in intermediate-valence UTe 2. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eabc8709. [PMID: 33055167 PMCID: PMC7556831 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc8709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
UTe2 is a recently discovered unconventional superconductor that has attracted much interest because of its potentially spin-triplet topological superconductivity. Our ac calorimetry, electrical resistivity, and x-ray absorption study of UTe2 under applied pressure reveals key insights on the superconducting and magnetic states surrounding pressure-induced quantum criticality at P c1 = 1.3 GPa. First, our specific heat data at low pressures, combined with a phenomenological model, show that pressure alters the balance between two closely competing superconducting orders. Second, near 1.5 GPa, we detect two bulk transitions that trigger changes in the resistivity, which are consistent with antiferromagnetic order, rather than ferromagnetism. Third, the emergence of magnetism is accompanied by an increase in valence toward a U4+ (5f 2) state, which indicates that UTe2 exhibits intermediate valence at ambient pressure. Our results suggest that antiferromagnetic fluctuations may play a more substantial role on the superconducting state of UTe2 than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Thomas
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.
| | - F B Santos
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
- Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Universidade de Sao Paulo (EEL-USP), Materials Engineering Department (Demar), Lorena, Sao Paolo, Brazil
| | - M H Christensen
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - T Asaba
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - F Ronning
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - J D Thompson
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - E D Bauer
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - R M Fernandes
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - G Fabbris
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - P F S Rosa
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
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Klein RA, Walsh JPS, Clarke SM, Liu Z, Alp EE, Bi W, Meng Y, Altman AB, Chow P, Xiao Y, Norman MR, Rondinelli JM, Jacobsen SD, Puggioni D, Freedman DE. Pressure-Induced Collapse of Magnetic Order in Jarosite. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:077202. [PMID: 32857531 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.077202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report a pressure-induced phase transition in the frustrated kagomé material jarosite at ∼45 GPa, which leads to the disappearance of magnetic order. Using a suite of experimental techniques, we characterize the structural, electronic, and magnetic changes in jarosite through this phase transition. Synchrotron powder x-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy experiments, analyzed in aggregate with the results from density functional theory calculations, indicate that the material changes from a R3[over ¯]m structure to a structure with a R3[over ¯]c space group. The resulting phase features a rare twisted kagomé lattice in which the integrity of the equilateral Fe^{3+} triangles persists. Based on symmetry arguments we hypothesize that the resulting structural changes alter the magnetic interactions to favor a possible quantum paramagnetic phase at high pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A Klein
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - James P S Walsh
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Samantha M Clarke
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Zhenxian Liu
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - E Ercan Alp
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Wenli Bi
- Department of Physics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
| | - Yue Meng
- HPCAT, X-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Alison B Altman
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Paul Chow
- HPCAT, X-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Yuming Xiao
- HPCAT, X-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - M R Norman
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - James M Rondinelli
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Steven D Jacobsen
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Danilo Puggioni
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Danna E Freedman
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
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17
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High-pressure, low-temperature studies of phase transitions in SrRuO3 – Absence of volume collapse. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2020.121360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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Pigott JS, Velisavljevic N, Moss EK, Draganic N, Jacobsen MK, Meng Y, Hrubiak R, Sturtevant BT. Experimental melting curve of zirconium metal to 37 GPa. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 32:355402. [PMID: 32330909 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab8cdb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this report, we present results of high-pressure experiments probing the melt line of zirconium (Zr) up to 37 GPa. This investigation has determined that temperature versus laser power curves provide an accurate method to determine melt temperatures. When this information is combined with the onset of diffuse scattering, which is associated with the melt process, we demonstrate the ability to accurately determine the melt boundary. This presents a reliable method for rapid determination of melt boundary and agrees well with other established techniques for such measurements, as reported in previous works on Zr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S Pigott
- Shock & Detonation Physics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States of America
| | - Nenad Velisavljevic
- Shock & Detonation Physics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States of America
| | - Eric K Moss
- Shock & Detonation Physics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States of America
| | - Nikola Draganic
- Shock & Detonation Physics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States of America
| | - Matthew K Jacobsen
- Shock & Detonation Physics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States of America
| | - Yue Meng
- High Pressure Collaborative Access Team (HPCAT), X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States of America
| | - Rostislav Hrubiak
- High Pressure Collaborative Access Team (HPCAT), X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States of America
| | - Blake T Sturtevant
- Shock & Detonation Physics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States of America
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19
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A Practical Review of the Laser-Heated Diamond Anvil Cell for University Laboratories and Synchrotron Applications. CRYSTALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst10060459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the past couple of decades, the laser-heated diamond anvil cell (combined with in situ techniques) has become an extensively used tool for studying pressure-temperature-induced evolution of various physical (and chemical) properties of materials. In this review, the general challenges associated with the use of the laser-heated diamond anvil cells are discussed together with the recent progress in the use of this tool combined with synchrotron X-ray diffraction and absorption spectroscopy.
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20
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Pigott JS, Velisavljevic N, Moss EK, Popov D, Park C, Van Orman JA, Draganic N, Vohra YK, Sturtevant BT. Room-temperature compression and equation of state of body-centered cubic zirconium. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 32:12LT02. [PMID: 31796651 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab5e6e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Zirconium (Zr) has properties conducive to nuclear applications and exhibits complex behavior at high pressure with respect to the effects of impurities, deviatoric stress, kinetics, and grain growth which makes it scientifically interesting. Here, we present experimental results on the 300 K equation of state of ultra-high purity Zr obtained using the diamond-anvil cell coupled with synchrotron-based x-ray diffraction and electrical resistance measurements. Based on quasi-hydrostatic room-temperature compression in helium to pressure P = 69.4(2) GPa, we constrain the bulk modulus and its pressure derivative of body-centered cubic (bcc) β-Zr to be K = 224(2) GPa and K' = 2.6(1) at P = 37.0(1) GPa. A Monte Carlo approach was developed to accurately quantify the uncertainties in K and K'. In the Monte Carlo simulations, both the unit-cell volume and pressure vary according to their experimental uncertainty. Our high-pressure studies do not indicate additional isostructural volume collapse in the bcc phase of Zr in the 56-58 GPa pressure range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S Pigott
- Shock & Detonation Physics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, United States of America
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21
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22
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Mechanisms of Pressure-Induced Phase Transitions by Real-Time Laue Diffraction. CRYSTALS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst9120672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Synchrotron X-ray radiation Laue diffraction is a widely used diagnostic technique for characterizing the microstructure of materials. An exciting feature of this technique is that comparable numbers of reflections can be measured several orders of magnitude faster than using monochromatic methods. This makes polychromatic beam diffraction a powerful tool for time-resolved microstructural studies, critical for understanding pressure-induced phase transition mechanisms, by in situ and in operando measurements. The current status of this technique, including experimental routines and data analysis, is presented along with some case studies. The new experimental setup at the High-Pressure Collaborative Access Team (HPCAT) facility at the Advanced Photon Source, specifically dedicated for in situ and in operando microstructural studies by Laue diffraction under high pressure, is presented.
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23
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Ultrahigh-pressure isostructural electronic transitions in hydrogen. Nature 2019; 573:558-562. [PMID: 31554980 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1565-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
High-pressure transitions are thought to modify hydrogen molecules to a molecular metallic solid and finally to an atomic metal1, which is predicted to have exotic physical properties and the topology of a two-component (electron and proton) superconducting superfluid condensate2,3. Therefore, understanding such transitions remains an important objective in condensed matter physics4,5. However, measurements of the crystal structure of solid hydrogen, which provides crucial information about the metallization of hydrogen under compression, are lacking for most high-pressure phases, owing to the considerable technical challenges involved in X-ray and neutron diffraction measurements under extreme conditions. Here we present a single-crystal X-ray diffraction study of solid hydrogen at pressures of up to 254 gigapascals that reveals the crystallographic nature of the transitions from phase I to phases III and IV. Under compression, hydrogen molecules remain in the hexagonal close-packed (hcp) crystal lattice structure, accompanied by a monotonic increase in anisotropy. In addition, the pressure-dependent decrease of the unit cell volume exhibits a slope change when entering phase IV, suggesting a second-order isostructural phase transition. Our results indicate that the precursor to the exotic two-component atomic hydrogen may consist of electronic transitions caused by a highly distorted hcp Brillouin zone and molecular-symmetry breaking.
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Sneed D, Kearney JSC, Smith D, Smith JS, Park C, Salamat A. Probing disorder in high-pressure cubic tin (IV) oxide: a combined X-ray diffraction and absorption study. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2019; 26:1245-1252. [PMID: 31274450 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577519003904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The transparent conducting oxide, SnO2, is a promising optoelectronic material with predicted tailorable properties via pressure-mediated band gap opening. While such electronic properties are typically modeled assuming perfect crystallinity, disordering of the O sublattice under pressure is qualitatively known. Here a quantitative approach is thus employed, combining extended X-ray absorption fine-structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy with X-ray diffraction, to probe the extent of Sn-O bond anharmonicities in the high-pressure cubic (Pa\bar{3}) SnO2 - formed as a single phase and annealed by CO2 laser heating to 2648 ± 41 K at 44.5 GPa. This combinational study reveals and quantifies a large degree of disordering in the O sublattice, while the Sn lattice remains ordered. Moreover, this study describes implementation of direct laser heating of non-metallic samples by CO2 laser alongside EXAFS, and the high quality of data which may be achieved at high pressures in a diamond anvil cell when appropriate thermal annealing is applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sneed
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and HiPSEC, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - John S C Kearney
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and HiPSEC, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - Dean Smith
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and HiPSEC, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - Jesse S Smith
- HPCAT, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Changyong Park
- HPCAT, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Ashkan Salamat
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and HiPSEC, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
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25
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Shen G, Smith JS, Kenney-Benson C, Ferry RA. In situ x-ray diffraction study of polyamorphism in H2O under isothermal compression and decompression. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:244201. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5100958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guoyin Shen
- HPCAT, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Jesse S. Smith
- HPCAT, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Curtis Kenney-Benson
- HPCAT, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Richard A. Ferry
- HPCAT, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
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Pravica MG, Schyck S, Harris B, Cifligu P, Kim E, Billinghurst B. Fluorine chemistry at extreme conditions: possible synthesis of $HgF_4$. PAPERS IN PHYSICS 2019. [DOI: 10.4279/pip.110001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
By irradiating a pressurized mixture of a fluorine-bearing compound ($XeF_2$) and $HgF_2$ with synchrotron hard x-rays (>7 keV) inside a diamond anvil cell, we have observed dramatic changes in the far-infrared spectrum within the 30-35 GPa pressure range which suggest that we may have formed $HgF_4$ in the following way: $XeF_2 \xrightarrow{hv} Xe + F_2$ (photochemically) and $HgF_2 + F_2 \rightarrow HgF_4$ (30 GPa < P < 35 GPa). This lends credence to recent theoretical calculations by Botana et al. that suggest that Hg may behave as a transition metal at high pressure in an environment with an excess of molecular fluorine. The spectral changes were observed to be reversible during pressure cycling above and below the above mentioned pressure range until a certain point when we suspect that molecular fluorine diffused out of the sample at lower pressure. Upon pressure release, $HgF_2$ and trace $XeF_2$ were observed to be remaining in the sample chamber suggesting that much of the $Xe$ and $F_2$ diffused and leaked out from the sample chamber.
Received: 29 October 2018, Accepted: 18 January 2019; Edited by: A. Goñi, A. Cantarero, J. S. Reparaz; DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4279/PIP.110001
Cite as: M Pravica, S Schyck, B Harris, P Cifligu, E Kim, B Billinghurst, Papers in Physics 11, 110001 (2019).
This paper, by M Pravica, S Schyck, B Harris, P Cifligu, E Kim, B Billinghurst, is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0.
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28
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Lin C, Smith JS, Liu X, Tse JS, Yang W. Venture into Water's No Man's Land: Structural Transformations of Solid H_{2}O under Rapid Compression and Decompression. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:225703. [PMID: 30547611 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.225703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pressure-induced formation of amorphous ices and the low-density amorphous (LDA) to high-density amorphous (HDA) transition have been believed to occur kinetically below a crossover temperature (T_{c}) above which thermodynamically driven crystalline-crystalline (e.g., ice I_{h}-to-II) transitions and crystallization of HDA and LDA are dominant. Here we show compression-rate-dependent formation of a high-density noncrystalline (HDN) phase transformed from ice I_{c} above T_{c}, bypassing crystalline-crystalline transitions under rapid compression. Rapid decompression above T_{c} transforms HDN to a low-density noncrystalline (LDN) phase which crystallizes spontaneously into ice I_{c}, whereas slow decompression of HDN leads to direct crystallization. The results indicate the formation of HDA and the HDN-to-LDN transition above T_{c} are results of competition between (de)compression rate, energy barrier, and temperature. The crossover temperature is shown to have an exponential relationship with the threshold compression rate. The present results provide important insight into the dynamic property of the phase transitions in addition to the static study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanlong Lin
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jesse S Smith
- HPCAT, Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Xuqiang Liu
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai 201203, China
- Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - John S Tse
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai 201203, China
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5E2 Canada
| | - Wenge Yang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai 201203, China
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Goldberger D, Park C, Evlyukhin E, Cifligu P, Pravica M. Cationic Dependence of X-ray Induced Damage in Strontium and Barium Nitrate. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:8722-8728. [PMID: 30339392 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b08224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The response of solids to X-ray irradiation is not well understood in part because the interactions between X-rays and molecules in solids depend on the intra- and/or intermolecular electronic properties of the material. Our previous work demonstrated that X-ray induced damage of certain ionic salts depends on the irradiating photon energy, especially when irradiated with photons of energy near the cation's K-edge. To advance understanding of the cationic dependence of X-ray photochemistry, we present studies of X-ray induced damage of barium nitrate and strontium nitrate. Polycrystalline samples of barium and strontium nitrate were irradiated with high flux monochromatic synchrotron X-rays at selected energies near the K-edge of the respective cations. The damage processes were studied with powder X-ray diffraction, and irradiation products, NO2 and O2, were characterized via Raman spectroscopy. Our results demonstrate that irradiating barium and strontium nitrate with photons of energy greater than the K-edge of the cation promotes a higher rate of decomposition compared to that observed when irradiating with photons of energy below the K-edge. Additionally, differences in X-ray induced damage between the two compounds are examined and discussed, and evidence of the diffusion of irradiation products is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Goldberger
- Department of Physics , University of Nevada Las Vegas (UNLV) , Las Vegas , Nevada 89154-4002 , United States
| | - Changyong Park
- High-Pressure Collaborative Access Team (HPCAT), Geophysical Laboratory , Carnegie Institution of Washington , Argonne , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | - Egor Evlyukhin
- Department of Physics , University of Nevada Las Vegas (UNLV) , Las Vegas , Nevada 89154-4002 , United States
| | - Petrika Cifligu
- Department of Physics , University of Nevada Las Vegas (UNLV) , Las Vegas , Nevada 89154-4002 , United States
| | - Michael Pravica
- Department of Physics , University of Nevada Las Vegas (UNLV) , Las Vegas , Nevada 89154-4002 , United States
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Tamerius AD, Clarke SM, Gu M, Walsh JPS, Esters M, Meng Y, Hendon CH, Rondinelli JM, Jacobsen SD, Freedman DE. Discovery of Cu
3
Pb. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201807934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Samantha M. Clarke
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Livermore CA 94550 USA
| | - Mingqiang Gu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - James P. S. Walsh
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Marco Esters
- Center for Materials Genomics Duke University Durham NC 27708 USA
| | - Yue Meng
- HPCAT Geophysical Laboratory Carnegie Institute of Washington Argonne IL 60439 USA
| | | | - James M. Rondinelli
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Steven D. Jacobsen
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Danna E. Freedman
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
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31
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Tamerius AD, Clarke SM, Gu M, Walsh JPS, Esters M, Meng Y, Hendon CH, Rondinelli JM, Jacobsen SD, Freedman DE. Discovery of Cu 3Pb. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:12809-12813. [PMID: 30252191 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201807934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Materials discovery enables both realization and understanding of new, exotic, physical phenomena. An emerging approach to the discovery of novel phases is high-pressure synthesis within diamond anvil cells, thereby enabling in situ monitoring of phase formation. Now, the discovery via high-pressure synthesis of the first intermetallic compound in the Cu-Pb system, Cu3Pb is reported. Cu3Pb is notably the first structurally characterized mid- to late-first-row transition-metal plumbide. The structure of Cu3Pb can be envisioned as a direct mixture of the two elemental lattices. From this new framework, we gain insight into the structure as a function of pressure and hypothesize that the high-pressure polymorph of lead is a possible prerequisite for the formation of Cu3Pb. Crucially, electronic structure computations reveal band crossings near the Fermi level, suggesting that chemically doped Cu3Pb could be a topologically nontrivial material.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samantha M Clarke
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - Mingqiang Gu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - James P S Walsh
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Marco Esters
- Center for Materials Genomics, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Yue Meng
- HPCAT, Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institute of Washington, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Christopher H Hendon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
| | - James M Rondinelli
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Steven D Jacobsen
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Danna E Freedman
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
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32
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Smith D, Smith JS, Childs C, Rod E, Hrubiak R, Shen G, Salamat A. A CO 2 laser heating system for in situ high pressure-temperature experiments at HPCAT. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:083901. [PMID: 30184683 DOI: 10.1063/1.5040508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We present a CO2 laser heating setup for synchrotron x-ray diffraction inside a diamond anvil cell, situated at HPCAT (Sector 16, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Lab, Illinois, USA), which is modular and portable between the HPCAT experiment hutches. The system allows direct laser heating of wide bandgap insulating materials to thousands of degrees at static high pressures up to the Mbar regime. Alignment of the focused CO2 laser spot is performed using a mid-infrared microscope, which addressed past difficulties with aligning the invisible radiation. The implementation of the mid-infrared microscope alongside a mirror pinhole spatial filter system allows precise alignment of the heating laser spot and optical pyrometry measurement location to the x-ray probe. A comparatively large heating spot (∼50 μm) relative to the x-ray beam (<10 μm) reduces the risk of temperature gradients across the probed area. Each component of the heating system and its diagnostics have been designed with portability in mind and compatibility with the various experimental hutches at the HPCAT beamlines. We present measurements on ZrO2 at 5.5 GPa which demonstrate the improved room-temperature diffraction data quality afforded by annealing with the CO2 laser. We also present in situ measurements at 5.5 GPa up to 2800 K in which we do not observe the postulated fluorite ZrO2 structure, in agreement with recent findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean Smith
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and HiPSEC, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, USA
| | - Jesse S Smith
- High Pressure Collaborative Access Team, Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Christian Childs
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and HiPSEC, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, USA
| | - Eric Rod
- High Pressure Collaborative Access Team, Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Rostislav Hrubiak
- High Pressure Collaborative Access Team, Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Guoyin Shen
- High Pressure Collaborative Access Team, Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Ashkan Salamat
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and HiPSEC, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, USA
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33
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Kolodziej T, Shvyd'ko Y, Shu D, Kearney S, Stoupin S, Liu W, Gog T, Walko DA, Wang J, Said A, Roberts T, Goetze K, Baldini M, Yang W, Fister T, Blank V, Terentyev S, Kim KJ. High Bragg reflectivity of diamond crystals exposed to multi-kW mm -2 X-ray beams. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2018; 25:1022-1029. [PMID: 29979163 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577518007695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
X-ray free-electron lasers in the oscillator configuration (XFELO) are future fully coherent hard X-rays sources with ultrahigh spectral purity. X-ray beams circulate in an XFELO optical cavity comprising diamond single crystals. They function as high-reflectance (close to 100%), narrowband (∼10 meV) Bragg backscattering mirrors. The average power density of the X-ray beams in the XFELO cavity is predicted to be as high as ∼10 kW mm-2. Therefore, XFELO feasibility relies on the ability of diamond crystals to withstand such a high radiation load and preserve their high reflectivity. Here the endurance of diamond crystals to irradiation with multi-kW mm-2 power density X-ray beams is studied. It is shown that the high Bragg reflectivity of the diamond crystals is preserved after the irradiation, provided it is performed at ∼1 × 10-8 Torr high-vacuum conditions. Irradiation under 4 × 10-6 Torr results in a ∼1 meV shift of the Bragg peak, which corresponds to a relative lattice distortion of 4 × 10-8, while the high Bragg reflectivity stays intact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Kolodziej
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Yuri Shvyd'ko
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Deming Shu
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Steven Kearney
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Stanislav Stoupin
- Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Wenjun Liu
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Thomas Gog
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Donald A Walko
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Jin Wang
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Ayman Said
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Tim Roberts
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Kurt Goetze
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Maria Baldini
- High Pressure Synergetic Consortium, Advanced Photon Source, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Wenge Yang
- High Pressure Synergetic Consortium, Advanced Photon Source, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Timothy Fister
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Vladimir Blank
- Technological Institute for Superhard and Novel Carbon Materials, 142190 Troitsk, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey Terentyev
- Technological Institute for Superhard and Novel Carbon Materials, 142190 Troitsk, Russian Federation
| | - Kwang Je Kim
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
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34
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Walsh JPS, Freedman DE. High-Pressure Synthesis: A New Frontier in the Search for Next-Generation Intermetallic Compounds. Acc Chem Res 2018; 51:1315-1323. [PMID: 29812893 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The application of high pressure adds an additional dimension to chemical phase space, opening up an unexplored expanse bearing tremendous potential for discovery. Our continuing mission is to explore this new frontier, to seek out new intermetallic compounds and new solid-state bonding. Simple binary elemental systems, in particular those composed of pairs of elements that do not form compounds under ambient pressures, can yield novel crystalline phases under compression. Thus, high-pressure synthesis can provide access to solid-state compounds that cannot be formed with traditional thermodynamic methods. An emerging approach for the rapid exploration of composition-pressure-temperature phase space is the use of hand-held high-pressure devices known as diamond anvil cells (DACs). These devices were originally developed by geologists as a way to study minerals under conditions relevant to the earth's interior, but they possess a host of capabilities that make them ideal for high-pressure solid-state synthesis. Of particular importance, they offer the capability for in situ spectroscopic and diffraction measurements, thereby enabling continuous reaction monitoring-a powerful capability for solid-state synthesis. In this Account, we provide an overview of this approach in the context of research we have performed in the pursuit of new intermetallic compounds. We start with a discussion of pressure as a fundamental experimental variable that enables the formation of intermetallic compounds that cannot be isolated under ambient conditions. We then introduce the DAC apparatus and explain how it can be repurposed for use as a synthetic vessel with which to explore this phase space, going to extremes of pressure where no chemist has gone before. The remainder of the Account is devoted to discussions of recent experiments we have performed with this approach that have led to the discovery of novel intermetallic compounds in the Fe-Bi, Cu-Bi, and Ni-Bi systems, with a focus on the cutting-edge methods that made these experiments possible. We review the use of in situ laser heating at high pressure, which led to the discovery of FeBi2, the first binary intermetallic compound in the Fe-Bi system. Our work in the Cu-Bi system is described in the context of in situ experiments carried out in the DAC to map its high-pressure phase space, which revealed two intermetallic phases (Cu11Bi7 and CuBi). Finally, we review the discovery of β-NiBi, a novel high-pressure phase in the Ni-Bi system. We hope that this Account will inspire the next generation of solid-state chemists to boldly explore high-pressure phase space.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P. S. Walsh
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Danna E. Freedman
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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Abstract
To understand water’s anomalous behavior, a two-liquid model with a high-density liquid and a low-density liquid (LDL) has been proposed from theoretical simulations, and is gradually gaining ground. However, it has been experimentally challenging to probe the region of the phase diagram of H2O where the LDL phase is expected to occur. We overcome the experimental challenge by using a technique of rapid decompression integrated with fast synchrotron measurements, and show that the region of LDL is accessible via decompression of a high-pressure crystal. We report the experimental evidence of the LDL from in situ X-ray diffraction and its crystallization process, providing a kinetic pathway for the appearance of LDL as an intermediate phase in the crystal–crystal transformation upon decompression. Water is an extraordinary liquid, having a number of anomalous properties which become strongly enhanced in the supercooled region. Due to rapid crystallization of supercooled water, there exists a region that has been experimentally inaccessible for studying deeply supercooled bulk water. Using a rapid decompression technique integrated with in situ X-ray diffraction, we show that a high-pressure ice phase transforms to a low-density noncrystalline (LDN) form upon rapid release of pressure at temperatures of 140–165 K. The LDN subsequently crystallizes into ice-Ic through a diffusion-controlled process. Together with the change in crystallization rate with temperature, the experimental evidence indicates that the LDN is a low-density liquid (LDL). The measured X-ray diffraction data show that the LDL is tetrahedrally coordinated with the tetrahedral network fully developed and clearly linked to low-density amorphous ices. On the other hand, there is a distinct difference in structure between the LDL and supercooled water or liquid water in terms of the tetrahedral order parameter.
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36
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Lavina B, Kim E, Cynn H, Weck PF, Seaborg K, Siska E, Meng Y, Evans W. Phosphorus Dimerization in Gallium Phosphide at High Pressure. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:2432-2437. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Lavina
- High Pressure Science and Engineering Center, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, United States
| | - Eunja Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, United States
| | - Hyunchae Cynn
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Philippe F. Weck
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Kelly Seaborg
- High Pressure Science and Engineering Center, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, United States
| | - Emily Siska
- High Pressure Science and Engineering Center, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, United States
| | - Yue Meng
- HPCAT, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - William Evans
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
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37
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Hydrogen-bearing iron peroxide and the origin of ultralow-velocity zones. Nature 2017; 551:494-497. [DOI: 10.1038/nature24461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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38
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Lin C, Yong X, Tse JS, Smith JS, Sinogeikin SV, Kenney-Benson C, Shen G. Kinetically Controlled Two-Step Amorphization and Amorphous-Amorphous Transition in Ice. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:135701. [PMID: 29341714 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.135701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
We report the results of in situ structural characterization of the amorphization of crystalline ice Ih under compression and the relaxation of high-density amorphous (HDA) ice under decompression at temperatures between 96 and 160 K by synchrotron x-ray diffraction. The results show that ice Ih transforms to an intermediate crystalline phase at 100 K prior to complete amorphization, which is supported by molecular dynamics calculations. The phase transition pathways show clear temperature dependence: direct amorphization without an intermediate phase is observed at 133 K, while at 145 K a direct Ih-to-IX transformation is observed; decompression of HDA shows a transition to low-density amorphous ice at 96 K and ∼1 Pa, to ice Ic at 135 K and to ice IX at 145 K. These observations show that the amorphization of compressed ice Ih and the recrystallization of decompressed HDA are strongly dependent on temperature and controlled by kinetic barriers. Pressure-induced amorphous ice is an intermediate state in the phase transition from the connected H-bond water network in low pressure ices to the independent and interpenetrating H-bond network of high-pressure ices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanlong Lin
- HPCAT, Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Xue Yong
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5E2 Canada
| | - John S Tse
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5E2 Canada
| | - Jesse S Smith
- HPCAT, Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Stanislav V Sinogeikin
- HPCAT, Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Curtis Kenney-Benson
- HPCAT, Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Guoyin Shen
- HPCAT, Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
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39
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Microstructures define melting of molybdenum at high pressures. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14562. [PMID: 28248309 PMCID: PMC5337970 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
High-pressure melting anchors the phase diagram of a material, revealing the effect of pressure on the breakdown of the ordering of atoms in the solid. An important case is molybdenum, which has long been speculated to undergo an exceptionally steep increase in melting temperature when compressed. On the other hand, previous experiments showed nearly constant melting temperature as a function of pressure, in large discrepancy with theoretical expectations. Here we report a high-slope melting curve in molybdenum by synchrotron X-ray diffraction analysis of crystalline microstructures, generated by heating and subsequently rapidly quenching samples in a laser-heated diamond anvil cell. Distinct microstructural changes, observed at pressures up to 130 gigapascals, appear exclusively after melting, thus offering a reliable melting criterion. In addition, our study reveals a previously unsuspected transition in molybdenum at high pressure and high temperature, which yields highly textured body-centred cubic nanograins above a transition temperature.
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40
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Abstract
The cycling of hydrogen influences the structure, composition, and stratification of Earth's interior. Our recent discovery of pyrite-structured iron peroxide (designated as the P phase) and the formation of the P phase from dehydrogenation of goethite FeO2H implies the separation of the oxygen and hydrogen cycles in the deep lower mantle beneath 1,800 km. Here we further characterize the residual hydrogen, x, in the P-phase FeO2Hx Using a combination of theoretical simulations and high-pressure-temperature experiments, we calibrated the x dependence of molar volume of the P phase. Within the current range of experimental conditions, we observed a compositional range of P phase of 0.39 < x < 0.81, corresponding to 19-61% dehydrogenation. Increasing temperature and heating time will help release hydrogen and lower x, suggesting that dehydrogenation could be approaching completion at the high-temperature conditions of the lower mantle over extended geological time. Our observations indicate a fundamental change in the mode of hydrogen release from dehydration in the upper mantle to dehydrogenation in the deep lower mantle, thus differentiating the deep hydrogen and hydrous cycles.
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Shen G, Mao HK. High-pressure studies with x-rays using diamond anvil cells. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2017; 80:016101. [PMID: 27873767 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/80/1/016101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Pressure profoundly alters all states of matter. The symbiotic development of ultrahigh-pressure diamond anvil cells, to compress samples to sustainable multi-megabar pressures; and synchrotron x-ray techniques, to probe materials' properties in situ, has enabled the exploration of rich high-pressure (HP) science. In this article, we first introduce the essential concept of diamond anvil cell technology, together with recent developments and its integration with other extreme environments. We then provide an overview of the latest developments in HP synchrotron techniques, their applications, and current problems, followed by a discussion of HP scientific studies using x-rays in the key multidisciplinary fields. These HP studies include: HP x-ray emission spectroscopy, which provides information on the filled electronic states of HP samples; HP x-ray Raman spectroscopy, which probes the HP chemical bonding changes of light elements; HP electronic inelastic x-ray scattering spectroscopy, which accesses high energy electronic phenomena, including electronic band structure, Fermi surface, excitons, plasmons, and their dispersions; HP resonant inelastic x-ray scattering spectroscopy, which probes shallow core excitations, multiplet structures, and spin-resolved electronic structure; HP nuclear resonant x-ray spectroscopy, which provides phonon densities of state and time-resolved Mössbauer information; HP x-ray imaging, which provides information on hierarchical structures, dynamic processes, and internal strains; HP x-ray diffraction, which determines the fundamental structures and densities of single-crystal, polycrystalline, nanocrystalline, and non-crystalline materials; and HP radial x-ray diffraction, which yields deviatoric, elastic and rheological information. Integrating these tools with hydrostatic or uniaxial pressure media, laser and resistive heating, and cryogenic cooling, has enabled investigations of the structural, vibrational, electronic, and magnetic properties of materials over a wide range of pressure-temperature conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyin Shen
- Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington DC, USA
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42
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High pressure-induced distortion in face-centered cubic phase of thallium. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:11143-11147. [PMID: 27655891 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1612468113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex and unusual high-pressure phase transition of III-A (i.e. Al, Ga, and In) metals have been investigated in the last several decades because of their interesting periodic table position between the elements having metallic and covalent bonding. Our present first principles-based electronic structure calculations and experimental investigation have revealed the unusual distortion in face-centered cubic (f.c.c.) phase of the heavy element thallium (Tl) induced by the high pressure. We have predicted body-centered tetragonal (b.c.t) phase at 83 GPa using an evolutionary algorithm coupled with ab initio calculations, and this prediction has been confirmed with a slightly distorted parameter ([Formula: see text] × a - c)/c lowered by 1% using an angle-dispersive X-ray diffraction technique. The density functional theory (DFT)-based calculations suggest that s-p mixing states and the valence-core overlapping of 6s and 5d states play the most important roles for the phase transitions along the pathway h.c.p[Formula: see text]f.c.c.[Formula: see text]b.c.t.
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