1
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Krishnan A, Lee DC, Slagle I, Ahsan S, Mitra S, Read E, Alamgir FM. Monitoring Redox Processes in Lithium-Ion Batteries by Laboratory-Scale Operando X-ray Emission Spectroscopy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:16096-16105. [PMID: 38502716 PMCID: PMC10995943 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Tracking changes in the chemical state of transition metals in alkali-ion batteries is crucial to understanding the redox chemistry during operation. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is often used to follow the chemistry through observed changes in the chemical state and local atomic structure as a function of the state-of-charge (SoC) in batteries. In this study, we utilize an operando X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) method to observe changes in the chemical state of active elements in batteries during operation. Operando XES and XAS were compared by using a laboratory-scale setup for four different battery systems: LiCoO2 (LCO), Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2 (NMC111), Li[Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1]O2 (NMC811), and LiFePO4 (LFP) under a constant current charging the battery in 10 h (C/10 charge rate). We show that XES, despite narrower chemical shifts in comparison to XAS, allows us to fingerprint the battery SOC in real time. We further demonstrate that XES can be used to track the change in net spin of the probed atoms by analyzing changes in the emission peak shape. As a test case, the connection between net spin and the local chemical and structural environment was investigated by using XES and XAS in the case of electrochemically delithiated LCO in the range of 2-10% lithium removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abiram Krishnan
- School of Materials Science
and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | | | - Ian Slagle
- School of Materials Science
and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Sumaiyatul Ahsan
- School of Materials Science
and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | | | - Ethan Read
- School of Materials Science
and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Faisal M. Alamgir
- School of Materials Science
and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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2
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Zymaková A, Precek M, Picchiotti A, Błachucki W, Zymak I, Szlachetko J, Vankó G, Németh Z, Sá J, Wiste T, Andreasson J. X-ray spectroscopy station for sample characterization at ELI Beamlines. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17258. [PMID: 37828024 PMCID: PMC10570313 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43924-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
X-ray spectroscopy is a demanded tool across multiple user communities. Here we report on a new station for X-ray emission spectroscopy at the Extreme Light Infrastructure Beamlines Facility. The instrument utilizes the von Hamos geometry and works with a number of different sample types, notably including liquid systems. We demonstrate a simple and reliable method for source position control using two cameras. This approach addresses energy calibration dependence on sample position, which is a characteristic source of measurement uncertainty for wavelength dispersive spectrometers in XES arrangement. We also present a straightforward procedure for energy calibration of liquid and powder samples to a thin film reference. The developed instrumentation enabled us to perform the first experimental determination of the Kα lines of liquidized K3Fe(CN)6 as well as powdered and liquidized FeNH4(SO4)2. Finally, we report on proof-of-principle use of a colliding jet liquid sample delivery system in an XES experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zymaková
- ELI Beamlines Facility, The Extreme Light Infrastructure ERIC, Za Radnicí 835, 25241, Dolní Břežany, Czech Republic.
| | - M Precek
- ELI Beamlines Facility, The Extreme Light Infrastructure ERIC, Za Radnicí 835, 25241, Dolní Břežany, Czech Republic
| | - A Picchiotti
- ELI Beamlines Facility, The Extreme Light Infrastructure ERIC, Za Radnicí 835, 25241, Dolní Břežany, Czech Republic
- Hamburg University and The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - W Błachucki
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342, Kraków, Poland
| | - I Zymak
- ELI Beamlines Facility, The Extreme Light Infrastructure ERIC, Za Radnicí 835, 25241, Dolní Břežany, Czech Republic
| | - J Szlachetko
- National Synchrotron Radiation Centre SOLARIS, Czerwone Maki 98, 30-392, Kraków, Poland
| | - G Vankó
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Konkoly-Thege Miklós 29-33, Budapest, 1121, Hungary
| | - Z Németh
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Konkoly-Thege Miklós 29-33, Budapest, 1121, Hungary
| | - J Sá
- Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, SE-751 05, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - T Wiste
- ELI Beamlines Facility, The Extreme Light Infrastructure ERIC, Za Radnicí 835, 25241, Dolní Břežany, Czech Republic
| | - J Andreasson
- ELI Beamlines Facility, The Extreme Light Infrastructure ERIC, Za Radnicí 835, 25241, Dolní Břežany, Czech Republic
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3
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Kallio AJ, Weiß A, Bes R, Heikkilä MJ, Ritala M, Kemell M, Huotari S. Laboratory-scale X-ray absorption spectroscopy of 3d transition metals in inorganic thin films. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:18593-18602. [PMID: 36444942 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt02264h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we present laboratory-scale X-ray absorption spectroscopy applied to the research of nanometer-scale thin films. We demonstrate the Cu K edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) of CuI and CuO thin films grown with atomic layer deposition. Film thicknesses in the investigated samples ranged from 12 to 248 nm. Even from the thinnest films, XANES spectra can be obtained in 5-20 minutes and EXAFS in 1-4 days. In order to prove the capability of laboratory-based XAS for in situ measurements on thin films, we demonstrate an experiment on in situ oxidation of a 248 nm thick CuI film at a temperature of 240 °C. These methods have important implications for novel and enhanced possibilities for inorganic thin film research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander Weiß
- Department of Chemistry, P.O.Box 55, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rene Bes
- Department of Physics, P.O.Box 64, University of Helsinki, Finland. .,Helsinki Institute of Physics, P.O.Box 64, Finland
| | - Mikko J Heikkilä
- Department of Chemistry, P.O.Box 55, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko Ritala
- Department of Chemistry, P.O.Box 55, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marianna Kemell
- Department of Chemistry, P.O.Box 55, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Simo Huotari
- Department of Physics, P.O.Box 64, University of Helsinki, Finland.
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4
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Genz NS, Kallio A, Oord R, Krumeich F, Pokle A, Prytz Ø, Olsbye U, Meirer F, Huotari S, Weckhuysen BM. Operando Laboratory-Based Multi-Edge X-Ray Absorption Near-Edge Spectroscopy of Solid Catalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202209334. [PMID: 36205032 PMCID: PMC9828672 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202209334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Laboratory-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and especially X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) offers new opportunities in catalyst characterization and presents not only an alternative, but also a complementary approach to precious beamtime at synchrotron facilities. We successfully designed a laboratory-based setup for performing operando, quasi-simultaneous XANES analysis at multiple K-edges, more specifically, operando XANES of mono-, bi-, and trimetallic CO2 hydrogenation catalysts containing Ni, Fe, and Cu. Detailed operando XANES studies of the multielement solid catalysts revealed metal-dependent differences in the reducibility and re-oxidation behavior and their influence on the catalytic performance in CO2 hydrogenation. The applicability of operando laboratory-based XANES at multiple K-edges paves the way for advanced multielement catalyst characterization complementing detailed studies at synchrotron facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina S. Genz
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis groupDepartment of ChemistryUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 993584 CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Antti‐Jussi Kallio
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of HelsinkiP. O. Box 6400014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Ramon Oord
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis groupDepartment of ChemistryUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 993584 CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Frank Krumeich
- Laboratory of Inorganic ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryETH ZürichVladimir-Prelog-Weg 18093ZürichSwitzerland
| | - Anuj Pokle
- Department of PhysicsCenter for Materials Science and NanotechnologyUniversity of OsloP.O. Box 10480316OsloNorway
| | - Øystein Prytz
- Department of PhysicsCenter for Materials Science and NanotechnologyUniversity of OsloP.O. Box 10480316OsloNorway
| | - Unni Olsbye
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OsloP.O. Box 10330315OsloNorway
| | - Florian Meirer
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis groupDepartment of ChemistryUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 993584 CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Simo Huotari
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of HelsinkiP. O. Box 6400014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Bert M. Weckhuysen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis groupDepartment of ChemistryUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 993584 CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
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5
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Mikeházi A, El Guettioui J, Földes IB, Vankó G, Németh Z. Multicolor single-analyzer high-energy-resolution XES spectrometer for simultaneous examination of different elements. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2022; 29:1216-1222. [PMID: 36073880 PMCID: PMC9455214 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577522007561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The present work demonstrates the performance of a von Hámos high-energy-resolution X-ray spectrometer based on a non-conventional conical Si single-crystal analyzer. The analyzer is tested with different primary and secondary X-ray sources as well as a hard X-ray sensitive CCD camera. The spectrometer setup is also characterized with ray-tracing simulations. Both experimental and simulated results affirm that the conical spectrometer can efficiently detect and resolve the two pairs of two elements (Ni and Cu) Kα X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) peaks simultaneously, requiring a less than 2 cm-wide array on a single position-sensitive detector. The possible applications of this simple yet broad-energy-spectrum crystal spectrometer range from quickly adapting it as another probe for complex experiments at synchrotron beamlines to analyzing X-ray emission from plasma generated by ultrashort laser pulses at modern laser facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antal Mikeházi
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Konkoly Thege M. 29-33, 1121 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jihad El Guettioui
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Konkoly Thege M. 29-33, 1121 Budapest, Hungary
| | - István B. Földes
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Konkoly Thege M. 29-33, 1121 Budapest, Hungary
| | - György Vankó
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Konkoly Thege M. 29-33, 1121 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Németh
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Konkoly Thege M. 29-33, 1121 Budapest, Hungary
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6
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Cutsail III GE, DeBeer S. Challenges and Opportunities for Applications of Advanced X-ray Spectroscopy in Catalysis Research. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c01016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- George E. Cutsail III
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5-7, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Serena DeBeer
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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7
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Seddon-Ferretti ME, Mottram LM, Stennett MC, Corkhill CL, Hyatt NC. HERMES - a GUI-based software tool for pre-processing of X-ray absorption spectroscopy data from laboratory Rowland circle spectrometers. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2022; 29:276-279. [PMID: 34985445 PMCID: PMC8733975 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577521012583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
HERMES, a graphical user interface software tool, is presented, for pre-processing X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) data from laboratory Rowland circle spectrometers, to meet the data handling needs of a growing community of practice. HERMES enables laboratory XAS data to be displayed for quality assessment, merging of data sets, polynomial fitting of smoothly varying data, and correction of data to the true energy scale and for dead-time and leakage effects. The software is written in Java 15 programming language, and runs on major computer operating systems, with graphics implementation using the JFreeChart toolkit. HERMES is freely available and distributed under an open source licence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco E. Seddon-Ferretti
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
- Department of Computer Science, University of Sheffield, Regent Court, Sheffield S1 4DP, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy M. Mottram
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
| | - Martin C. Stennett
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
| | - Claire L. Corkhill
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
| | - Neil C. Hyatt
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
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8
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Huang J, Günther B, Achterhold K, Dierolf M, Pfeiffer F. Simultaneous two-color X-ray absorption spectroscopy using Laue crystals at an inverse-compton scattering X-ray facility. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2021; 28:1874-1880. [PMID: 34738942 PMCID: PMC8570203 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577521009437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is an element-selective technique that provides electronic and structural information of materials and reveals the essential mechanisms of the reactions involved. However, the technique is typically conducted at synchrotrons and usually only probes one element at a time. In this paper, a simultaneous two-color XAS setup at a laboratory-scale synchrotron facility is proposed based on inverse Compton scattering (ICS) at the Munich Compact Light Source (MuCLS), which is based on inverse Compton scattering (ICS). The setup utilizes two silicon crystals in a Laue geometry. A proof-of-principle experiment is presented where both silver (Ag) and palladium (Pd) K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectra were simultaneously measured. The simplicity of the setup facilitates its migration to other ICS facilities or maybe to other X-ray sources (e.g. a bending-magnet beamline). Such a setup has the potential to study reaction mechanisms and synergistic effects of chemical systems containing multiple elements of interest, such as a bimetallic catalyst system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Huang
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Benedikt Günther
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Klaus Achterhold
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Martin Dierolf
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Franz Pfeiffer
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 München, Germany
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
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9
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Bes R, Takala S, Huotari S. Harmonics as an alternative method for measuring I 0 during x-ray absorption spectroscopy experiments at laboratory scale. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:043106. [PMID: 34243462 DOI: 10.1063/5.0046893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In the recent years, the advent of an efficient and compact laboratory-scale spectrometer for x-ray absorption spectroscopy experiments has been extensively reported in the literature. Such modern instruments offer the advantage to routinely use x-ray absorption spectroscopy on systematic studies, which is usually unconceivable at synchrotron radiation source facilities due to often limited time access. However, one limiting factor is the fact that due to laboratory x-ray source brightness compared to a synchrotron, two separate measures of the incoming and transmitted x-ray intensities, i.e., the so-called I0 and I1, respectively, are usually required. Herein, we introduce and discuss an alternative approach for measuring I0 and I1 simultaneously. Based on the usage of harmonics arising naturally from the use of monochromator crystals, the reliability and robustness of our proposed approach is demonstrated through experiments at the Co K-edge measured using Co metal foil and at the Nd L3-edge measured in Nd2O3.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Bes
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Saara Takala
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Simo Huotari
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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10
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Kavčič M, Petric M, Rajh A, Isaković K, Vizintin A, Talian SD, Dominko R. Characterization of Li-S Batteries Using Laboratory Sulfur X-ray Emission Spectroscopy. ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS 2021; 4:2357-2364. [PMID: 33842854 PMCID: PMC8029652 DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.0c02878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Application of laboratory-based X-ray analytical techniques that are capable of a reliable characterization of the chemical state of sulfur within bulk battery cathode in parallel with electrochemical characterization is essential for further development of lithium-sulfur batteries. In this work, MeV proton-induced X-ray emission (XES) sulfur measurements were performed in ex situ mode on laboratory-synthesized sulfur standards and precycled battery cathodes. The average sulfur charge was determined from the energy shift of the Kα emission line and from the spectral shape of the Kβ emission spectrum. Finally, operando Kα XES measurements were performed to monitor reduction of sulfur within battery cathode during discharge. The experimental approach presented here provides an important step toward more routine laboratory analysis of sulfur-based battery systems and also other sulfur-neighboring low-Z bulk materials with emission energies in the tender X-ray range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matjaž Kavčič
- Jožef
Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty
of Mathematics and Physics, University of
Ljubljana, Jadranska
19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marko Petric
- Jožef
Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty
of Geotechnical Engineering, University
of Zagreb, Varaždin 42000, Croatia
| | - Ava Rajh
- Jožef
Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty
of Mathematics and Physics, University of
Ljubljana, Jadranska
19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Kristina Isaković
- Jožef
Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alen Vizintin
- National
Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Robert Dominko
- National
Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of
Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University
of Ljubljana, Večna
pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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11
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Honkanen AP, Huotari S. General method to calculate the elastic deformation and X-ray diffraction properties of bent crystal wafers. IUCRJ 2021; 8:102-115. [PMID: 33520246 PMCID: PMC7793001 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252520014165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Toroidally and spherically bent single crystals are widely employed as optical elements in hard X-ray spectrometry at synchrotron and free-electron laser light sources, and in laboratory-scale instruments. To achieve optimal spectrometer performance, a solid theoretical understanding of the diffraction properties of such crystals is essential. In this work, a general method to calculate the internal stress and strain fields of toroidally bent crystals and how to apply it to predict their diffraction properties is presented. Solutions are derived and discussed for circular and rectangular spherically bent wafers due to their prevalence in contemporary instrumentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari-Pekka Honkanen
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, PO Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Simo Huotari
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, PO Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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12
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Zimmermann P, Peredkov S, Abdala PM, DeBeer S, Tromp M, Müller C, van Bokhoven JA. Modern X-ray spectroscopy: XAS and XES in the laboratory. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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13
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Günther B, Gradl R, Jud C, Eggl E, Huang J, Kulpe S, Achterhold K, Gleich B, Dierolf M, Pfeiffer F. The versatile X-ray beamline of the Munich Compact Light Source: design, instrumentation and applications. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2020; 27:1395-1414. [PMID: 32876618 PMCID: PMC7467334 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577520008309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Inverse Compton scattering provides means to generate low-divergence partially coherent quasi-monochromatic, i.e. synchrotron-like, X-ray radiation on a laboratory scale. This enables the transfer of synchrotron techniques into university or industrial environments. Here, the Munich Compact Light Source is presented, which is such a compact synchrotron radiation facility based on an inverse Compton X-ray source (ICS). The recent improvements of the ICS are reported first and then the various experimental techniques which are most suited to the ICS installed at the Technical University of Munich are reviewed. For the latter, a multipurpose X-ray application beamline with two end-stations was designed. The beamline's design and geometry are presented in detail including the different set-ups as well as the available detector options. Application examples of the classes of experiments that can be performed are summarized afterwards. Among them are dynamic in vivo respiratory imaging, propagation-based phase-contrast imaging, grating-based phase-contrast imaging, X-ray microtomography, K-edge subtraction imaging and X-ray spectroscopy. Finally, plans to upgrade the beamline in order to enhance its capabilities are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Günther
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Regine Gradl
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Christoph Jud
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Elena Eggl
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Juanjuan Huang
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Stephanie Kulpe
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Klaus Achterhold
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Bernhard Gleich
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Martin Dierolf
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Franz Pfeiffer
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
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14
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Lafuerza S, Retegan M, Detlefs B, Chatterjee R, Yachandra V, Yano J, Glatzel P. New reflections on hard X-ray photon-in/photon-out spectroscopy. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:16270-16284. [PMID: 32760987 PMCID: PMC7808884 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr01983f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of the electronic structure and local coordination of an element is an important aspect in the study of the chemical and physical properties of materials. This is particularly relevant at the nanoscale where new phases of matter may emerge below a critical size. X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) at synchrotron radiation sources and free electron lasers has enriched the field of X-ray spectroscopy. The spectroscopic techniques derived from the combination of X-ray absorption and emission spectroscopy (XAS-XES), such as resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) and high energy resolution fluorescence detected (HERFD) XAS, are an ideal tool for the study of nanomaterials. New installations and beamline upgrades now often include wavelength dispersive instruments for the analysis of the emitted X-rays. With the growing use of XAS-XES, scientists are learning about the possibilities and pitfalls. We discuss some experimental aspects, assess the feasibility of measuring weak fluorescence lines in dilute, radiation sensitive samples, and present new experimental approaches for studying magnetic properties of colloidal nanoparticles directly in the liquid phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Lafuerza
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyres, 38000 Grenoble, France.
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15
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Holden WM, Jahrman EP, Govind N, Seidler GT. Probing Sulfur Chemical and Electronic Structure with Experimental Observation and Quantitative Theoretical Prediction of Kα and Valence-to-Core Kβ X-ray Emission Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:5415-5434. [PMID: 32486638 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c04195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
An extensive experimental and theoretical study of the Kα and Kβ high-resolution X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) of sulfur-bearing systems is presented. This study encompasses a wide range of organic and inorganic compounds, including numerous experimental spectra from both prior published work and new measurements. Employing a linear-response time-dependent density functional theory (LR-TDDFT) approach, strong quantitative agreement is found in the calculation of energy shifts of the core-to-core Kα as well as the full range of spectral features in the valence-to-core Kβ spectrum. The ability to accurately calculate the sulfur Kα energy shift supports the use of sulfur Kα XES as a bulk-sensitive tool for assessing sulfur speciation. The fine structure of the sulfur Kβ spectrum, in conjunction with the theoretical results, is shown to be sensitive to the local electronic structure including effects of symmetry, ligand type and number, and, in the case of organosulfur compounds, to the nature of the bonded organic moiety. This agreement between theory and experiment, augmented by the potential for high-access XES measurements with the latest generation of laboratory-based spectrometers, demonstrates the possibility of broad analytical use of XES for sulfur and nearby third-row elements. The effective solution of the forward problem, i.e., successful prediction of detailed spectra from known molecular structure, also suggests future use of supervised machine learning approaches to experimental inference, as has seen recent interest for interpretation of X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES).
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Affiliation(s)
- William M Holden
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Evan P Jahrman
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Niranjan Govind
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Gerald T Seidler
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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16
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Huang J, Günther B, Achterhold K, Cui YT, Gleich B, Dierolf M, Pfeiffer F. Energy-Dispersive X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy with an Inverse Compton Source. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8772. [PMID: 32472032 PMCID: PMC7260230 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65225-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel compact x-ray sources based on inverse Compton scattering can generate brilliant hard x-rays in a laboratory setting. Their collimated intense beams with tunable well-defined x-ray energies make them well suited for x-ray spectroscopy techniques, which are typically carried out at large facilities. Here, we demonstrate a first x-ray absorption spectroscopy proof-of-principle experiment using an inverse Compton x-ray source with a flux of >1010 photons/s in <5% bandwidth. We measured x-ray absorption near edge structure and extended x-ray absorption fine structure at the silver K-edge (~25.5 keV) for a series of silver samples. We propose an energy-dispersive geometry specifically adapted to the x-ray beam properties of inverse Compton x-ray sources together with a fast concentration correction method that corrects sample inhomogeneities very effectively. The combination of our setup with the inverse Compton source generates x-ray absorption spectra with high energy resolution in exposure times down to one minute. Our results unravel the great benefit of inverse Compton scattering sources for x-ray absorption techniques in a laboratory environment, especially in the hard x-ray regime, which allows to probe absorption edges of high Z materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Huang
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748, Garching, Germany. .,Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748, Garching, Germany.
| | - Benedikt Günther
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Klaus Achterhold
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Yi-Tao Cui
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan
| | - Bernhard Gleich
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Martin Dierolf
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748, Garching, Germany. .,Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748, Garching, Germany.
| | - Franz Pfeiffer
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany
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17
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Rani S, Lee JH, Kim Y. 200-mm segmented cylindrical figured crystal for von Hamos x-ray spectrometer. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:013101. [PMID: 32012639 DOI: 10.1063/1.5115321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A von Hamos Bragg crystal spectrometer at 1C beamline of Pohang Accelerator Laboratory for x-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) is described. Diced Si crystals of different orientations ([111], [110], [100], and [311]) are glued onto a planoconcave glass substrate having 250/500 mm radius of curvature. To enhance the spectrometer efficiency, the length of the crystal analyzer is kept 200 mm. The emission spectra of Cu foil and Fe foil and elastic scattering from Al foil are measured using the von Hamos geometry in which curved crystals disperse the x-rays. Spectrometer efficiency and energy resolution are measured at various x-ray photon energies. X-rays are incident at 6.54 keV, 9.00 keV, 9.205 keV, and 11.51 keV for Si(440), Si(444), Si(800), and Si(933) crystal analyzers, respectively. The cylindrical figured analyzer is placed near 80° with respect to the sample, which gives better energy resolution. The spectrometer efficiency of the Si(444) crystal analyzer increases by ∼2 times when the length of the analyzer is increased from 100 mm to 200 mm. Furthermore, to measure Fe Kα1, Kα2, and Kβ simultaneously, we made a mixed crystal analyzer in which alternative strips of Si[111] and Si[110] are glued onto one preshaped cylindrical substrate. The enhanced efficiency and simultaneous measurement of Kα and Kβ emission lines will give an edge over in situ and time-resolved x-ray emission spectroscopy studies. The information extracted with a high efficiency spectrometer from low intensity XES emission lines will be useful for the in situ elemental characterization in catalytic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunita Rani
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, South Korea
| | - Jae Hyuk Lee
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, South Korea
| | - Yongsam Kim
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, South Korea
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18
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Ditter AS, Jahrman EP, Bradshaw LR, Xia X, Pauzauskie PJ, Seidler GT. A mail-in and user facility for X-ray absorption near-edge structure: the CEI-XANES laboratory X-ray spectrometer at the University of Washington. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2019; 26:2086-2093. [PMID: 31721755 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577519012839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
There are more than 100 beamlines or endstations worldwide that frequently support X-ray absorption fine-structure (XAFS) measurements, thus providing critical enabling capability for research across numerous scientific disciplines. However, the absence of a supporting tier of more readily accessible, lower-performing options has caused systemic inefficiencies, resulting in high oversubscription and the omission of many scientifically and socially valuable XAFS applications that are incompatible with the synchrotron facility access model. To this end, this work describes the design, performance and uses of the Clean Energy Institute X-ray absorption near-edge structure (CEI-XANES) laboratory spectrometer and its use as both a user-present and mail-in facility. Such new additions to the XAFS infrastructure landscape raise important questions about the most productive interactions between synchrotron radiation and laboratory-based capabilities; this can be discussed in the framework of five categories, only one of which is competitive. The categories include independent operation on independent problems, use dictated by convenience, pre-synchrotron preparatory use of laboratory capability, post-synchrotron follow-up use of laboratory capability, and parallel use of both synchrotron radiation and laboratory systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Ditter
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, PO Box 351650, Seattle, WA 98195-1560, USA
| | - Evan P Jahrman
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, PO Box 351650, Seattle, WA 98195-1560, USA
| | - Liam R Bradshaw
- Molecular Analysis Facility, University of Washington, 4000 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Xiaojing Xia
- Department of Molecular Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Peter J Pauzauskie
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, 3920 E. Stevens Way NE, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Gerald T Seidler
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, PO Box 351650, Seattle, WA 98195-1560, USA
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19
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Zeeshan F, Hoszowska J, Loperetti-Tornay L, Dousse JC. In-house setup for laboratory-based x-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy measurements. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2019; 90:073105. [PMID: 31370460 DOI: 10.1063/1.5094873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report on a laboratory-based facility for in-house x-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) measurements. The device consists of a conventional x-ray source for the production of the incident polychromatic radiation and a von Hamos bent crystal spectrometer for the analysis of the incoming and transmitted radiation. The reliability of the laboratory-based setup was evaluated by comparing the Cu K-edge and Ta L3-edge XAFS spectra obtained in-house with the corresponding spectra measured at a synchrotron radiation facility. To check the accuracy of the device, the K- and L-edge energies and the attenuation coefficients below and above the edges of several 3d, 4d, and 5d elements were determined and compared with the existing experimental and theoretical data. The dependence of the XAFS spectrum shape on the oxidation state of the sample was also probed by measuring inhouse the absorption spectra of metallic Fe and two Fe oxides (Fe2O3 and Fe3O4).
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Affiliation(s)
- F Zeeshan
- Physics Department, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 3, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - J Hoszowska
- Physics Department, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 3, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - L Loperetti-Tornay
- Physics Department, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 3, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - J-Cl Dousse
- Physics Department, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 3, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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20
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Förster A, Brandstetter S, Schulze-Briese C. Transforming X-ray detection with hybrid photon counting detectors. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2019; 377:20180241. [PMID: 31030653 PMCID: PMC6501887 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2018.0241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid photon counting (HPC) detectors have radically transformed basic research at synchrotron light sources since 2006. They excel at X-ray diffraction applications in the energy range from 2 to 100 keV. The main reasons for their superiority are the direct detection of individual photons and the accurate determination of scattering and diffraction intensities over an extremely high dynamic range. The detectors were first adopted in macromolecular crystallography where they revolutionized data collection. They were soon also used for small-angle scattering, coherent scattering, powder X-ray diffraction, spectroscopy and increasingly high-energy applications. Here, we will briefly survey the history of HPC detectors, explain their technology and then show in detail how improved detection has transformed a wide range of experimental techniques. We will end with an outlook to the future, which will probably see HPC technology find even broader use, for example, in electron microscopy and medical applications. This article is part of the theme issue 'Fifty years of synchrotron science: achievements and opportunities'.
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21
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Honkanen AP, Ollikkala S, Ahopelto T, Kallio AJ, Blomberg M, Huotari S. Johann-type laboratory-scale x-ray absorption spectrometer with versatile detection modes. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2019; 90:033107. [PMID: 30927829 DOI: 10.1063/1.5084049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We present a low-cost laboratory X-ray absorption spectrometer that uses a conventional X-ray tube source and bent Johann-type crystal monochromators. The instrument is designed for X-ray absorption spectroscopy studies in the 4-20 keV range which covers most K edges of 3d transition metals and L edges of 5d transition metals and actinides. The energy resolution is typically in the range of 1-5 eV at 10 keV depending on the crystal analyser and the Bragg angle. Measurements can be performed in transmission, fluorescence, and imaging modes. Due to its simple and modular design, the spectrometer can be modified to accommodate additional equipment and complex sample environments required for in situ studies. A showcase of various applications is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari-Pekka Honkanen
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sami Ollikkala
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Taru Ahopelto
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti-Jussi Kallio
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Merja Blomberg
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Simo Huotari
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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22
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Moya‐Cancino JG, Honkanen A, van der Eerden AMJ, Schaink H, Folkertsma L, Ghiasi M, Longo A, de Groot FMF, Meirer F, Huotari S, Weckhuysen BM. In-situ X-Ray Absorption Near Edge Structure Spectroscopy of a Solid Catalyst using a Laboratory-Based Set-up. ChemCatChem 2019; 11:1039-1044. [PMID: 31007776 PMCID: PMC6471006 DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201801822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
An in-situ laboratory-based X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES) Spectroscopy set-up is presented, which allows performing long-term experiments on a solid catalyst at relevant reaction conditions of temperature and pressure. Complementary to research performed at synchrotron radiation facilities the approach is showcased for a Co/TiO2 Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis (FTS) catalyst. Supported cobalt metal nanoparticles next to a (very small) fraction of cobalt(II) titanate, which is an inactive phase for FTS, were detected, with no signs of re-oxidation of the supported cobalt metal nanoparticles during FTS at 523 K, 5 bar and 200 h, indicating that cobalt metal is maintained as the main active phase during FTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- José G. Moya‐Cancino
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Debye Institute for Nanomaterials ScienceUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 99Utrecht3584 CGThe Netherlands
| | - Ari‐Pekka Honkanen
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of Helsinki PO Box 64HelsinkiFI-00014Finland
| | - Ad M. J. van der Eerden
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Debye Institute for Nanomaterials ScienceUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 99Utrecht3584 CGThe Netherlands
| | - Herrick Schaink
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Debye Institute for Nanomaterials ScienceUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 99Utrecht3584 CGThe Netherlands
| | - Lieven Folkertsma
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Debye Institute for Nanomaterials ScienceUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 99Utrecht3584 CGThe Netherlands
| | - Mahnaz Ghiasi
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Debye Institute for Nanomaterials ScienceUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 99Utrecht3584 CGThe Netherlands
| | - Alessandro Longo
- Dutch-Belgian Beamline BM26European Synchrotron Radiation Facility CS 40220, Grenoble Cedex 938043France
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (ISMN)-CNR USO, Via Ugo La Malfa 153Palermo90146Italy
| | - Frank M. F. de Groot
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Debye Institute for Nanomaterials ScienceUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 99Utrecht3584 CGThe Netherlands
| | - Florian Meirer
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Debye Institute for Nanomaterials ScienceUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 99Utrecht3584 CGThe Netherlands
| | - Simo Huotari
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of Helsinki PO Box 64HelsinkiFI-00014Finland
| | - Bert M. Weckhuysen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Debye Institute for Nanomaterials ScienceUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 99Utrecht3584 CGThe Netherlands
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23
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Jahrman EP, Holden WM, Ditter AS, Mortensen DR, Seidler GT, Fister TT, Kozimor SA, Piper LFJ, Rana J, Hyatt NC, Stennett MC. An improved laboratory-based x-ray absorption fine structure and x-ray emission spectrometer for analytical applications in materials chemistry research. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2019; 90:024106. [PMID: 30831699 DOI: 10.1063/1.5049383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) and x-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) are advanced x-ray spectroscopies that impact a wide range of disciplines. However, unlike the majority of other spectroscopic methods, XAFS and XES are accompanied by an unusual access model, wherein the dominant use of the technique is for premier research studies at world-class facilities, i.e., synchrotron x-ray light sources. In this paper, we report the design and performance of an improved XAFS and XES spectrometer based on the general conceptual design of Seidler et al. [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 85, 113906 (2014)]. New developments include reduced mechanical degrees of freedom, much-increased flux, and a wider Bragg angle range to enable extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) measurement and analysis for the first time with this type of modern laboratory XAFS configuration. This instrument enables a new class of routine applications that are incompatible with the mission and access model of the synchrotron light sources. To illustrate this, we provide numerous examples of x-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), EXAFS, and XES results for a variety of problems and energy ranges. Highlights include XAFS and XES measurements of battery electrode materials, EXAFS of Ni with full modeling of results to validate monochromator performance, valence-to-core XES for 3d transition metal compounds, and uranium XANES and XES for different oxidation states. Taken en masse, these results further support the growing perspective that modern laboratory-based XAFS and XES have the potential to develop a new branch of analytical chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan P Jahrman
- Physics Department, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1560, USA
| | - William M Holden
- Physics Department, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1560, USA
| | - Alexander S Ditter
- Physics Department, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1560, USA
| | - Devon R Mortensen
- Physics Department, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1560, USA
| | - Gerald T Seidler
- Physics Department, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1560, USA
| | - Timothy T Fister
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Stosh A Kozimor
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Louis F J Piper
- Department of Physics, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York 13902, USA
| | - Jatinkumar Rana
- Department of Physics, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York 13902, USA
| | - Neil C Hyatt
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, The University of Sheffield, Mapping Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
| | - Martin C Stennett
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, The University of Sheffield, Mapping Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
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24
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Németh Z, Bajnóczi ÉG, Csilla B, Vankó G. Laboratory EXAFS determined structure of the stable complexes in the ternary Ni(ii)–EDTA–CN− system. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:9239-9245. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp00982e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aqueous solutions of the ternary system Ni(ii)–EDTA–CN− are investigated with X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) as a function of cyanide concentration with an enhanced laboratory von Hámos X-ray spectrometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Németh
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences
- Budapest
- Hungary
| | - Éva G. Bajnóczi
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences
- Budapest
- Hungary
| | - Bogdán Csilla
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences
- Budapest
- Hungary
| | - György Vankó
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences
- Budapest
- Hungary
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25
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Jahrman EP, Holden WM, Ditter AS, Kozimor SA, Kihara SL, Seidler GT. Vacuum formed temporary spherically and toroidally bent crystal analyzers for x-ray absorption and x-ray emission spectroscopy. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2019; 90:013106. [PMID: 30709184 DOI: 10.1063/1.5057231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that vacuum forming of 10-cm diameter silicon wafers of various crystallographic orientations under an x-ray permeable, flexible window can easily generate spherically bent crystal analyzers and toroidally bent crystal analyzers with ∼1-eV energy resolution and a 1-m major radius of curvature. In applications at synchrotron light sources, x-ray free electron lasers, and laboratory spectrometers, these characteristics are generally sufficient for many x-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS), x-ray emission spectroscopy (XES), and resonant inelastic x-ray scattering applications in the chemical sciences. Unlike existing optics manufacturing methods using epoxy or anodic bonding, vacuum forming without adhesive is temporary in the sense that the bent wafer can be removed when vacuum is released and exchanged for a different orientation wafer. Therefore, the combination of an x-ray compatible vacuum-forming chamber, a library of thin wafers, and a small number of forms having different secondary curvatures can give extreme flexibility in spectrometer energy range. As proof of this method, we determine the energy resolution and reflectivity for several such vacuum-formed bent crystal analyzers in laboratory-based XAFS and XES studies using a conventional x-ray tube. For completeness, we also show x-ray images collected on the detector plane to characterize the resulting focal spots and optical aberrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan P Jahrman
- Physics Department, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - William M Holden
- Physics Department, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Alexander S Ditter
- Physics Department, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Stosh A Kozimor
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Scott L Kihara
- Physics Department, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Gerald T Seidler
- Physics Department, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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26
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Wolny JA, Schünemann V, Németh Z, Vankó G. Spectroscopic techniques to characterize the spin state: Vibrational, optical, Mössbauer, NMR, and X-ray spectroscopy. CR CHIM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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27
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Jahrman EP, Seidler GT, Sieber JR. Determination of Hexavalent Chromium Fractions in Plastics Using Laboratory-Based, High-Resolution X-ray Emission Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2018; 90:6587-6593. [PMID: 29762013 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cr(VI) is a well-known human carcinogen with many water-soluble moieties. Its presence in both natural and man-made substances poses a risk to public health, especially when contamination of groundwater is possible. This has led the European Union and other jurisdictions to include Cr(VI) in restriction of hazardous substances regulations. However, for several important industrial and commercial purposes, analytical capability to characterize Cr(VI) is known to be insufficient for regulatory purposes. For example, advanced X-ray spectroscopies, particularly synchrotron-based X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) studies, have shown that species interconversion and under-extraction can be difficult to prevent in many existing liquid extraction protocols when applied to plastics, mining ores and tailings, and paint sludges. Here, we report that wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy taken at energy resolutions close to the theoretical limit imposed by the core-hole lifetime, generally called X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) in the synchrotron community, can be used in the laboratory setting for noninvasive, analytical characterization of the Cr(VI)/Cr ratio in plastics. The selected samples have been part of ongoing efforts by standards development organizations to create improved Cr(VI) testing protocols, and the present work provides a direct proof-of-principle for the use of such extremely high-resolution laboratory WDXRF as an alternative to liquid extraction methods for regulatory compliance testing of Cr(VI) content. As a practical application of this work, we report a value for the Cr(VI) mass fraction of the new NIST Standard Reference Material 2859 Restricted Elements in Polyvinyl Chloride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan P Jahrman
- Physics Department , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195-1560 , United States
| | - Gerald T Seidler
- Physics Department , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195-1560 , United States
| | - John R Sieber
- Chemical Sciences Division , National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20899-8391 , United States
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Holden WM, Seidler GT, Cheah S. Sulfur Speciation in Biochars by Very High Resolution Benchtop Kα X-ray Emission Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:5153-5161. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b02816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- William M. Holden
- Physics Department, University of Washington, Seattle Washington 98122, United States
| | - Gerald T. Seidler
- Physics Department, University of Washington, Seattle Washington 98122, United States
| | - Singfoong Cheah
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, MS 3322, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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29
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Wansleben M, Vinson J, Holfelder I, Kayser Y, Beckhoff B. Valence-to-core XES of Ti, TiO and TiO 2 by means of a double full-cylinder crystal von Hamos spectrometer. X-RAY SPECTROMETRY : XRS 2018; 48:10.1002/xrs.3000. [PMID: 31092959 PMCID: PMC6513318 DOI: 10.1002/xrs.3000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We present valence-to-core x-ray emission spectroscopy of Ti, TiO and TiO2 by means of a double crystal von Hamos spectrometer based on full-cylinder highly-annealed pyrolytic graphite mosaic crystals. We demonstrate that, using a double crystal configuration, an energy resolution of E/ΔE ≈ 2700 can be achieved in a compact setup using cylindrically curved optics with a radius of curvature of 50 mm. The stated energy resolution proved to be high enough to identify and determine chemical shifts of the Kβ2,5 and Kβ" emission lines of both oxides. The experimental results are supported by calculations with the ab initio package OCEAN and compared to literature values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Wansleben
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestrasse 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - John Vinson
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - Ina Holfelder
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestrasse 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Yves Kayser
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestrasse 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Burkhard Beckhoff
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestrasse 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
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30
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Bajnóczi ÉG, Németh Z, Vankó G. Simultaneous Speciation, Structure, and Equilibrium Constant Determination in the Ni2+–EDTA–CN– Ternary System via High-Resolution Laboratory X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectroscopy and Theoretical Calculations. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:14220-14226. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Éva G. Bajnóczi
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Németh
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - György Vankó
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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31
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Holden WM, Hoidn OR, Ditter AS, Seidler GT, Kas J, Stein JL, Cossairt BM, Kozimor SA, Guo J, Ye Y, Marcus MA, Fakra S. A compact dispersive refocusing Rowland circle X-ray emission spectrometer for laboratory, synchrotron, and XFEL applications. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2017; 88:073904. [PMID: 28764488 DOI: 10.1063/1.4994739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
X-ray emission spectroscopy is emerging as an important complement to x-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy, providing a characterization of the occupied electronic density of states local to the species of interest. Here, we present details of the design and performance of a compact x-ray emission spectrometer that uses a dispersive refocusing Rowland (DRR) circle geometry to achieve excellent performance for the 2-2.5 keV range, i.e., especially for the K-edge emission from sulfur and phosphorous. The DRR approach allows high energy resolution even for unfocused x-ray sources. This property enables high count rates in laboratory studies, approaching those of insertion-device beamlines at third-generation synchrotrons, despite use of only a low-powered, conventional x-ray tube. The spectrometer, whose overall scale is set by use of a 10-cm diameter Rowland circle and a new small-pixel complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor x-ray camera, is easily portable to synchrotron or x-ray free electron laser beamlines. Photometrics from measurements at the Advanced Light Source show excellent overall instrumental efficiency. In addition, the compact size of this instrument lends itself to future multiplexing to gain large factors in net collection efficiency or its implementation in controlled gas gloveboxes either in the lab or in an endstation.
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Affiliation(s)
- William M Holden
- Physics Department, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1560, USA
| | - Oliver R Hoidn
- Physics Department, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1560, USA
| | - Alexander S Ditter
- Physics Department, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1560, USA
| | - Gerald T Seidler
- Physics Department, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1560, USA
| | - Joshua Kas
- Physics Department, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1560, USA
| | - Jennifer L Stein
- Chemistry Department, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1560, USA
| | - Brandi M Cossairt
- Chemistry Department, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1560, USA
| | - Stosh A Kozimor
- Los Alamos National Laboratories, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87544, USA
| | - Jinghua Guo
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Yifan Ye
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Matthew A Marcus
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Sirine Fakra
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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