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Chow D, Burns N, Boateng E, van der Zalm J, Kycia S, Chen A. Mechanical Exfoliation of Expanded Graphite to Graphene-Based Materials and Modification with Palladium Nanoparticles for Hydrogen Storage. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2588. [PMID: 37764617 PMCID: PMC10534434 DOI: 10.3390/nano13182588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen is a promising green fuel carrier that can replace fossil fuels; however, its storage is still a challenge. Carbon-based materials with metal catalysts have recently been the focus of research for solid-state hydrogen storage due to their efficacy and low cost. Here, we report on the exfoliation of expanded graphite (EG) through high shear mixing and probe tip sonication methods to form graphene-based nanomaterial ShEG and sEG, respectively. The exfoliation processes were optimized based on electrochemical capacitance measurements. The exfoliated EG was further functionalized with palladium nanoparticles (Pd-NP) for solid-state hydrogen storage. The prepared graphene-based nanomaterials (ShEG and sEG) and the nanocomposites (Pd-ShEG and Pd-sEG) were characterized with various traditional techniques (e.g., SEM, TEM, EDX, XPS, Raman, XRD) and the advanced high-resolution pair distribution function (HRPDF) analysis. Electrochemical hydrogen uptake and release (QH) were measured, showing that the sEG decorated with Pd-NP (Pd-sEG, 31.05 mC cm-2) and ShEG with Pd-NP (Pd-ShEG, 24.54 mC cm-2) had a notable improvement over Pd-NP (9.87 mC cm-2) and the composite of Pd-EG (14.7 mC cm-2). QH showed a strong linear relationship with an effective surface area to volume ratio, indicating nanoparticle size as a determining factor for hydrogen uptake and release. This work is a promising step toward the design of the high-performance solid-state hydrogen storage devices through mechanical exfoliation of the substrate EG to control nanoparticle size and dispersion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren Chow
- Electrochemical Technology Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (D.C.); (E.B.); (J.v.d.Z.)
| | - Nicholas Burns
- Department of Physics, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
| | - Emmanuel Boateng
- Electrochemical Technology Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (D.C.); (E.B.); (J.v.d.Z.)
| | - Joshua van der Zalm
- Electrochemical Technology Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (D.C.); (E.B.); (J.v.d.Z.)
| | - Stefan Kycia
- Department of Physics, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
| | - Aicheng Chen
- Electrochemical Technology Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (D.C.); (E.B.); (J.v.d.Z.)
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2
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Fernández-Catalá J, Singh H, Wang S, Huhtinen H, Paturi P, Bai Y, Cao W. Hydrothermal Synthesis of Ni 3TeO 6 and Cu 3TeO 6 Nanostructures for Magnetic and Photoconductivity Applications. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2023; 6:4887-4897. [PMID: 37006912 PMCID: PMC10043876 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.3c00630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Despite great attention toward transition metal tellurates especially M3TeO6 (M = transition metal) in magnetoelectric applications, control on single phasic morphology-oriented growth of these tellurates at the nanoscale is still missing. Herein, a hydrothermal synthesis is performed to synthesize single-phased nanocrystals of two metal tellurates, i.e., Ni3TeO6 (NTO with average particle size ∼37 nm) and Cu3TeO6 (CTO ∼ 140 nm), using NaOH as an additive. This method favors the synthesis of pure NTO and CTO nanoparticles without the incorporation of Na at pH = 7 in MTO crystal structures such as Na2M2TeO6, as it happens in conventional synthesis approaches such as solid-state reaction and/or coprecipitation. Systematic characterization techniques utilizing in-house and synchrotron-based characterization methods for the morphological, structural, electronic, magnetic, and photoconductivity properties of nanomaterials showed the absence of Na in individual particulate single-phase MTO nanocrystals. Prepared MTO nanocrystals also exhibit slightly higher antiferromagnetic interactions (e.g., T N-NTO = 57 K and T N-CTO = 68 K) compared to previously reported MTO single crystals. Interestingly, NTO and CTO show not only a semiconducting nature but also photoconductivity. The proposed design scheme opens the door to any metal tellurates for controllable synthesis toward different applications. Moreover, the photoconductivity results of MTO nanomaterials prepared serve as a preliminary proof of concept for potential application as photodetectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Fernández-Catalá
- Nano
and Molecular Systems Research Unit, University
of Oulu, Oulu FIN-90014, Finland
- Materials
Institute and Inorganic Chemistry Department, University of Alicante, Ap. 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Harishchandra Singh
- Nano
and Molecular Systems Research Unit, University
of Oulu, Oulu FIN-90014, Finland
| | - Shubo Wang
- Nano
and Molecular Systems Research Unit, University
of Oulu, Oulu FIN-90014, Finland
| | - Hannu Huhtinen
- Wihuri
Physical Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Turku, Turku FIN-20014, Finland
| | - Petriina Paturi
- Wihuri
Physical Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Turku, Turku FIN-20014, Finland
| | - Yang Bai
- Microelectronics
Research Unit, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, FI-90570 Oulu, Finland
| | - Wei Cao
- Nano
and Molecular Systems Research Unit, University
of Oulu, Oulu FIN-90014, Finland
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3
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Laine P, Hietaniemi M, Välikangas J, Kauppinen T, Tynjälä P, Hu T, Wang S, Singh H, Ulla L. Co-precipitation of Mg-doped Ni 0.8Co 0.1Mn 0.1(OH) 2: effect of magnesium doping and washing on the battery cell performance. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:1413-1424. [PMID: 36644791 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt02246j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Co-precipitation of Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1(OH)2 (NCM811) and Mg-doped (0.25 wt% and 0.5 wt%) NCM811 precursors is carried out from concentrated metal sulphate solutions. In this paper, the aim is to study the role of magnesium dopant in the co-precipitation step of NCM811, the cathode active material and further the Li-ion battery cell performance. Based on the results, magnesium was fully co-precipitated in the NCM811 precursors, as expected from thermodynamic calculations. The presence of magnesium in these precursors was also confirmed by several characterization methods and magnesium was evenly distributed in the sample. It was observed that tapped density decreased and surface area increased with an expected increase in Mg content. Surprisingly, Mg doping did not improve the cyclability of coin cells, due to the stable crystal structure of NCM811. However, a slight improvement in cyclability was seen in pouch cells after 1000 cycles. A washing effect was clearly seen in lattice parameters and washing also decreased the capacity retention after 62 cycles for all samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petteri Laine
- University of Oulu, Research Unit of Sustainable Chemistry, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland. .,University of Jyvaskyla, Kokkola University Consortium Chydenius, Talonpojankatu 2B, FI-67100 Kokkola, Finland
| | - Marianna Hietaniemi
- University of Oulu, Research Unit of Sustainable Chemistry, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland. .,Umicore Finland Oy, FI-67100 Kokkola, Finland
| | - Juho Välikangas
- University of Oulu, Research Unit of Sustainable Chemistry, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland.
| | - Toni Kauppinen
- University of Oulu, Research Unit of Sustainable Chemistry, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland. .,University of Jyvaskyla, Kokkola University Consortium Chydenius, Talonpojankatu 2B, FI-67100 Kokkola, Finland
| | - Pekka Tynjälä
- University of Oulu, Research Unit of Sustainable Chemistry, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland. .,University of Jyvaskyla, Kokkola University Consortium Chydenius, Talonpojankatu 2B, FI-67100 Kokkola, Finland
| | - Tao Hu
- University of Oulu, Research Unit of Sustainable Chemistry, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland.
| | - Shubo Wang
- University of Oulu, Research Unit of Nano and Molecular Systems, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Harishchandra Singh
- University of Oulu, Research Unit of Nano and Molecular Systems, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Lassi Ulla
- University of Oulu, Research Unit of Sustainable Chemistry, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland. .,University of Jyvaskyla, Kokkola University Consortium Chydenius, Talonpojankatu 2B, FI-67100 Kokkola, Finland
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4
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Wang S, Rani E, Gyakwaa F, Singh H, King G, Shu Q, Cao W, Huttula M, Fabritius T. Unveiling Non-isothermal Crystallization of CaO-Al 2O 3-B 2O 3-Na 2O-Li 2O-SiO 2 Glass via In Situ X-ray Scattering and Raman Spectroscopy. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:7017-7025. [PMID: 35467857 PMCID: PMC9092335 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The crystallization
in glasses is a paradoxical phenomenon and
scarcely investigated. This work explores the non-isothermal crystallization
of a multicomponent alumino-borosilicate glass via in situ high-energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction, atomic pair distribution
function, and Raman spectroscopy. Results depict the crystallization
sequence as Ca3Al2O6 and CaSiO4 followed by LiAlO2 with the final compound formation
of Ca3B2O6. These precipitations
occur in a narrow temperature range and overlap, resulting in a single
exothermic peak in the differential scanning calorimetry thermogram.
The concurrent nucleation of Ca3Al2O6 and CaSiO4 is intermediated by their corresponding hydrates,
which have dominantly short-range order. Moreover, the crystallization
of LiAlO2 and Ca3B2O6 is
strongly linked with the changes of structural units during the incubation
stage in non-isothermal heating. These findings clarify the crystallization
of multicomponent glass, which have been inferred from ex
situ reports but never evidenced via in situ studies. This work explores the non-isothermal
crystallization behaviors
of multicomponent alumino-borosilicate glasses via in situ high-energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction, atomic pair distribution
function, and Raman spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubo Wang
- Nano and Molecular Systems Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu FI-90014, Finland
| | - Ekta Rani
- Nano and Molecular Systems Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu FI-90014, Finland
| | - Francis Gyakwaa
- Process Metallurgy Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu FI-90014, Finland
| | - Harishchandra Singh
- Nano and Molecular Systems Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu FI-90014, Finland
| | - Graham King
- Canadian Light Source, 44 Innovation Blvd., Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 2V3, Canada
| | - Qifeng Shu
- Process Metallurgy Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu FI-90014, Finland
| | - Wei Cao
- Nano and Molecular Systems Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu FI-90014, Finland
| | - Marko Huttula
- Nano and Molecular Systems Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu FI-90014, Finland
| | - Timo Fabritius
- Process Metallurgy Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu FI-90014, Finland
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5
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Leontowich AFG, Gomez A, Diaz Moreno B, Muir D, Spasyuk D, King G, Reid JW, Kim CY, Kycia S. The lower energy diffraction and scattering side-bounce beamline for materials science at the Canadian Light Source. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2021; 28:961-969. [PMID: 33950004 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577521002496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A new diffraction beamline for materials science has been built at the Canadian Light Source synchrotron. The X-ray source is an in-vacuum wiggler with a 2.5 T peak magnetic field at 5.2 mm gap. The optical configuration includes a toroidal mirror, a single side-bounce Bragg monochromator, and a cylindrical mirror, producing a sub-150 µm vertical × 500 µm horizontal focused beam with a photon energy range of 7-22 keV and a flux of 1012 photons per second at the sample position. Three endstations are currently open to general users, and the techniques available include high-resolution powder diffraction, small molecule crystallography, X-ray reflectivity, in situ rapid thermal annealing, and SAXS/WAXS. The beamline design parameters, calculated and measured performance, and initial experimental results are presented to demonstrate the capabilities for materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam F G Leontowich
- Canadian Light Source, 44 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 2V3
| | - Ariel Gomez
- Canadian Light Source, 44 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 2V3
| | - Beatriz Diaz Moreno
- Canadian Light Source, 44 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 2V3
| | - David Muir
- Canadian Light Source, 44 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 2V3
| | - Denis Spasyuk
- Canadian Light Source, 44 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 2V3
| | - Graham King
- Canadian Light Source, 44 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 2V3
| | - Joel W Reid
- Canadian Light Source, 44 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 2V3
| | - Chang Yong Kim
- Canadian Light Source, 44 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 2V3
| | - Stefan Kycia
- University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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6
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Stoupin S, Krawczyk T, Sagan D, Temnykh A, Smieska L, Woll A, Ruff J, Lyndaker A, Pauling A, Croom BP, Trigg EB. Side-bounce beamlines using single-reflection diamond monochromators at Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2021; 28:429-438. [PMID: 33650554 DOI: 10.1107/s160057752100120x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The design and implementation of new beamlines featuring side-bounce (single-reflection) diamond monochromators at Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS) are described. Undulator radiation is monochromated using an interchangeable set of diamond crystal plates reflecting radiation in the horizontal (synchrotron) plane, where each crystal plate is set to one of the low-index Bragg reflections (111, 220, 311 and 400) in either Bragg or Laue reflection geometries. At the nominal Bragg angle of 18° these reflections deliver monochromated X-rays with photon energies of 9.7, 15.9, 18.65 and 22.5 keV, respectively. An X-ray mirror downstream of the diamond monochromator is used for rejection of higher radiation harmonics and for initial focusing of the monochromated beam. The characteristics of the X-ray beam entering the experimental station were measured experimentally and compared with the results of simulations. A reasonable agreement is demonstrated. It is shown that the use of selected high-dislocation-density `mosaic' diamond single-crystal plates produced using the chemical vapor deposition method yields a few-fold enhancement in the flux density of the monochromated beam in comparison with that delivered by perfect crystals under the same conditions. At present, the Functional Materials Beamline at CHESS, which is used for time-resolved in situ characterization of soft materials during processing, has been outfitted with the described setup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Stoupin
- Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Thomas Krawczyk
- Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - David Sagan
- Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Alexander Temnykh
- Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Louisa Smieska
- Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Arthur Woll
- Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Jacob Ruff
- Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Aaron Lyndaker
- Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Alan Pauling
- Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Brendan P Croom
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Edward B Trigg
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio, USA
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King G. New examples of non-cooperative octahedral tilting in a double perovskite: phase transitions in K 3GaF 6. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B, STRUCTURAL SCIENCE, CRYSTAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS 2020; 76:789-794. [PMID: 33017312 DOI: 10.1107/s2052520620009695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The crystal structures of three polymorphs of K3GaF6 and the transition temperatures between these phases are reported for the first time. Synchrotron powder diffraction data clearly show that at 300 K α-K3GaF6 crystallizes in space group I41/a with lattice parameters of a = 19.1124 (3) Å, c = 34.4165 (6) Å, and Z = 80. The structure is based on the double perovskite but with two fifths of the GaF6 octahedra rotated by ∼45°. This phase remains stable until ∼460 K, above which it undergoes a transition to I4/m with lattice parameters of a = 13.6088 (4) Å, c = 8.6764 (3) Å, and Z = 10 at 485 K. β-K3GaF6 has a similar structure but with only one fifth of the GaF6 rotated by ∼45°. Above ∼510 K, the cubic Fm3m δ-K3GaF6 structure is stabilized, with a lattice parameter of a = 8.6649 (1) Å at 550 K. The F atoms have highly anisotropic displacement parameters which suggest dynamic octahedral tilting is occurring. This work expands the fairly small group of double perovskite compounds which display non-cooperative patterns of octahedral tilting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham King
- Material and Chemical Sciences, Canadian Light Source, 44 Innovation Blvd, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2V3, Canada
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