1
|
Wu Y, Konečná A, Cho SH, Milliron DJ, Hachtel JA, García de Abajo FJ. Singular and Nonsingular Transitions in the Infrared Plasmons of Nearly Touching Nanocube Dimers. ACS NANO 2024; 18:15130-15138. [PMID: 38804707 PMCID: PMC11171764 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c02644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Narrow gaps between plasmon-supporting materials can confine infrared electromagnetic energy at the nanoscale, thus enabling applications in areas such as optical sensing. However, in nanoparticle dimers, the nature of the transition between touching (zero gap) and nearly nontouching (nonzero gap ≲15 nm) regimes is still a subject of debate. Here, we observe both singular and nonsingular transitions in infrared plasmons confined to dimers of fluorine-doped indium oxide nanocubes when moving from touching to nontouching configurations depending on the dimensionality of the contact region. Through spatially resolved electron energy-loss spectroscopy, we find a continuous spectral evolution of the lowest-order plasmon mode across the transition for finite touching areas, in excellent agreement with the simulations. This behavior challenges the widely accepted idea that a singular transition always emerges in the near-touching regime of plasmonic particle dimers. The apparent contradiction is resolved by theoretically examining different types of gap morphologies, revealing that the presence of a finite touching area renders the transition nonsingular, while one-dimensional and point-like contacts produce a singular behavior in which the lowest-order dipolar mode in the touching configuration, characterized by a net induced charge in each of the particles, becomes unphysical as soon as they are separated. Our results provide valuable insights into the nature of dimer plasmons in highly doped semiconductors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yina Wu
- the
Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, Castelldefels, Barcelona 08860, Spain
| | - Andrea Konečná
- the
Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, Castelldefels, Barcelona 08860, Spain
- Institute
of Physical Engineering, Brno University
of Technology, Brno 61669, Czech Republic
- Central
European Institute of Technology, Brno University
of Technology, Brno 61200, Czech Republic
| | - Shin Hum Cho
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Delia J. Milliron
- McKetta
Department of Chemical Engineering, the
University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jordan A. Hachtel
- Center
for
Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge
National Laboratory, Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - F. Javier García de Abajo
- the
Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, Castelldefels, Barcelona 08860, Spain
- ICREA-Institució
Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona 08010, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chang WJ, Sakotic Z, Ware A, Green AM, Roman BJ, Kim K, Truskett TM, Wasserman D, Milliron DJ. Wavelength Tunable Infrared Perfect Absorption in Plasmonic Nanocrystal Monolayers. ACS NANO 2024; 18:972-982. [PMID: 38117550 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The ability to efficiently absorb light in ultrathin (subwavelength) layers is essential for modern electro-optic devices, including detectors, sensors, and nonlinear modulators. Tailoring these ultrathin films' spectral, spatial, and polarimetric properties is highly desirable for many, if not all, of the above applications. Doing so, however, often requires costly lithographic techniques or exotic materials, limiting scalability. Here we propose, demonstrate, and analyze a mid-infrared absorber architecture leveraging monolayer films of nanoplasmonic colloidal tin-doped indium oxide nanocrystals (ITO NCs). We fabricate a series of ITO NC monolayer films using the liquid-air interface method; by synthetically varying the Sn dopant concentration in the NCs, we achieve spectrally selective perfect absorption tunable between wavelengths of two and five micrometers. We achieve monolayer thickness-controlled coupling strength tuning by varying NC size, allowing access to different coupling regimes. Furthermore, we synthesize a bilayer film that enables broadband absorption covering the entire midwave IR region (λ = 3-5 μm). We demonstrate a scalable platform, with perfect absorption in monolayer films only hundredths of a wavelength in thickness, enabling strong light-matter interaction, with potential applications for molecular detection and ultrafast nonlinear optical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Woo Je Chang
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Zarko Sakotic
- Chandra Family Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78758, United States
| | - Alexander Ware
- Chandra Family Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78758, United States
| | - Allison M Green
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Benjamin J Roman
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Kihoon Kim
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Thomas M Truskett
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Daniel Wasserman
- Chandra Family Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78758, United States
| | - Delia J Milliron
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kang J, Sherman ZM, Conrad DL, Crory HSN, Dominguez MN, Valenzuela SA, Anslyn EV, Truskett TM, Milliron DJ. Structural Control of Plasmon Resonance in Molecularly Linked Metal Oxide Nanocrystal Gel Assemblies. ACS NANO 2023. [PMID: 38009590 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Nanocrystal gels exhibit collective optical phenomena based on interactions among their constituent building blocks. However, their inherently disordered structures have made it challenging to understand, predict, or design properties such as optical absorption spectra that are sensitive to the coupling between the plasmon resonances of the individual nanocrystals. Here, we bring indium tin oxide nanocrystal gels under chemical control and show that their infrared absorption can be predicted and systematically tuned by selecting the nanocrystal sizes and compositions and molecular structures of the link-mediating surface ligands. Thermoreversible assemblies with metal-terpyridine links form reproducible gel architectures, enabling us to derive a plasmon ruler that governs the spectral shifts upon gelation, predicated on the nanocrystal and ligand compositions. This empirical guide is validated using large-scale, many-bodied simulations to compute the optical spectra of gels with varied structural parameters. Based on the derived plasmon ruler, we design and demonstrate a nanocrystal mixture whose spectrum exhibits distinctive line narrowing upon assembly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiho Kang
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 200 E Dean Keeton St., Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Zachary M Sherman
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 200 E Dean Keeton St., Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Diana L Conrad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 2506 Speedway, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Hannah S N Crory
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 2506 Speedway, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Manuel N Dominguez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 2506 Speedway, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Stephanie A Valenzuela
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 2506 Speedway, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Eric V Anslyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 2506 Speedway, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Thomas M Truskett
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 200 E Dean Keeton St., Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, 2515 Speedway, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Delia J Milliron
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 200 E Dean Keeton St., Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 2506 Speedway, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Matsui H, Momose A, Yoda H, Fujita A. Mechanically Induced Anisotropic Fragments in Sn-Doped In 2O 3 Nanoparticle Films for Flexible Strain Sensing Based on Surface Plasmons. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:50447-50456. [PMID: 37827524 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Recently, mechanical strain sensors have been extensively developed to quantify large mechanical deformations for stretchable and wearable applications. In this study, we propose a plasmonic strain sensor based on the mechanical control of optical properties using an assembled film comprising In2O3: Sn nanoparticles (ITO NP film). The resonant reflectance in the infrared range could effectively be tuned by applying strain to the ITO NP film deposited on an elastomeric polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) sheet. The change in reflectance was caused by the mechanical deformation of the PDMS sheet. The operating mechanism of the proposed plasmonic strain sensor was related to anisotropic fragments induced by cracks formed perpendicular to the direction of the applied strain. These anisotropic fragments were functionalized as optical modulators to change the reflectance depending on the applied strain. The sensing performance of the proposed plasmonic strain sensor was evaluated by using a PDMS sheet with a circular hole that produced nonuniform stress distributions. Finally, to evaluate the flexible and wearable performance of the proposed sensor, the optical detection of human motion was performed by detecting joint-related movements. The optical detection of human motion could be achieved because a change in motion (e.g., bending and stretching of the index finger) was reversibly associated with reflectance changes. Therefore, this study provides new insights into plasmon-based strain sensing for various applications in flexible instruments and human motion detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Matsui
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information systems, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Akira Momose
- Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, 705-1, Shimoimaizumi, Ebina, Kanagawa 243-0435, Japan
| | - Hidehiko Yoda
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Utsunomiya University, 7-1-2, Yo̅to̅, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-8585, Japan
| | - Aki Fujita
- Science & Technology Inst., Co., 3-5-4 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kang J, Sherman ZM, Crory HSN, Conrad DL, Berry MW, Roman BJ, Anslyn EV, Truskett TM, Milliron DJ. Modular mixing in plasmonic metal oxide nanocrystal gels with thermoreversible links. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:024903. [PMID: 36641404 DOI: 10.1063/5.0130817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Gelation offers a powerful strategy to assemble plasmonic nanocrystal networks incorporating both the distinctive optical properties of constituent building blocks and customizable collective properties. Beyond what a single-component assembly can offer, the characteristics of nanocrystal networks can be tuned in a broader range when two or more components are intimately combined. Here, we demonstrate mixed nanocrystal gel networks using thermoresponsive metal-terpyridine links that enable rapid gel assembly and disassembly with thermal cycling. Plasmonic indium oxide nanocrystals with different sizes, doping concentrations, and shapes are reliably intermixed in linked gel assemblies, exhibiting collective infrared absorption that reflects the contributions of each component while also deviating systematically from a linear combination of the spectra for single-component gels. We extend a many-bodied, mutual polarization method to simulate the optical response of mixed nanocrystal gels, reproducing the experimental trends with no free parameters and revealing that spectral deviations originate from cross-coupling between nanocrystals with distinct plasmonic properties. Our thermoreversible linking strategy directs the assembly of mixed nanocrystal gels with continuously tunable far- and near-field optical properties that are distinct from those of the building blocks or mixed close-packed structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiho Kang
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Zachary M Sherman
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Hannah S N Crory
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Diana L Conrad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Marina W Berry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Benjamin J Roman
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Eric V Anslyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Thomas M Truskett
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Delia J Milliron
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cao G, Ye X, Duan S, Cao Z, Zhang C, Yao C, Li X. Plasmon enhanced Sn:In2O3/attapulgite S-scheme heterojunction for efficient photothermal reduction of CO2. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
7
|
Ziatdinov M, Ghosh A, Wong CY, Kalinin SV. AtomAI framework for deep learning analysis of image and spectroscopy data in electron and scanning probe microscopy. NAT MACH INTELL 2022. [DOI: 10.1038/s42256-022-00555-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
8
|
Roccapriore KM, Kalinin SV, Ziatdinov M. Physics Discovery in Nanoplasmonic Systems via Autonomous Experiments in Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2203422. [PMID: 36344455 PMCID: PMC9798976 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202203422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Physics-driven discovery in an autonomous experiment has emerged as a dream application of machine learning in physical sciences. Here, this work develops and experimentally implements a deep kernel learning (DKL) workflow combining the correlative prediction of the target functional response and its uncertainty from the structure, and physics-based selection of acquisition function, which autonomously guides the navigation of the image space. Compared to classical Bayesian optimization (BO) methods, this approach allows to capture the complex spatial features present in the images of realistic materials, and dynamically learn structure-property relationships. In combination with the flexible scalarizer function that allows to ascribe the degree of physical interest to predicted spectra, this enables physical discovery in automated experiment. Here, this approach is illustrated for nanoplasmonic studies of nanoparticles and experimentally implemented in a truly autonomous fashion for bulk- and edge plasmon discovery in MnPS3 , a lesser-known beam-sensitive layered 2D material. This approach is universal, can be directly used as-is with any specimen, and is expected to be applicable to any probe-based microscopic techniques including other STEM modalities, scanning probe microscopies, chemical, and optical imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M. Roccapriore
- Center for Nanophase Materials SciencesOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN37831USA
| | - Sergei V. Kalinin
- Center for Nanophase Materials SciencesOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN37831USA
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN37916USA
| | - Maxim Ziatdinov
- Center for Nanophase Materials SciencesOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN37831USA
- Computational Sciences and Engineering DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN37831USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hu Y, Zhang BY, Haque F, Ren G, Ou JZ. Plasmonic metal oxides and their biological applications. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:2288-2324. [PMID: 35770972 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh00263a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Metal oxides modified with dopants and defects are an emerging class of novel materials supporting the localized surface plasmon resonance across a wide range of optical wavelengths, which have attracted tremendous research interest particularly in biological applications in the past decade. Compared to conventional noble metal-based plasmonic materials, plasmonic metal oxides are particularly favored for their cost efficiency, flexible plasmonic properties, and improved biocompatibility, which can be important to accelerate their practical implementation. In this review, we first explicate the origin of plasmonics in dopant/defect-enabled metal oxides and their associated tunable localized surface plasmon resonance through the conventional Mie-Gans model. The research progress of dopant incorporation and defect generation in metal oxide hosts, including both in situ and ex situ approaches, is critically discussed. The implementation of plasmonic metal oxides in biological applications in terms of therapy, imaging, and sensing is summarized, in which the uniqueness of dopant/defect-driven plasmonics for inducing novel functionalities is particularly emphasized. This review may provide insightful guidance for developing next-generation plasmonic devices for human health monitoring, diagnosis and therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yihong Hu
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia.
| | - Bao Yue Zhang
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia.
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Farjana Haque
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia.
| | - Guanghui Ren
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia.
| | - Jian Zhen Ou
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kang J, Valenzuela SA, Lin EY, Dominguez MN, Sherman ZM, Truskett TM, Anslyn EV, Milliron DJ. Colorimetric quantification of linking in thermoreversible nanocrystal gel assemblies. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm7364. [PMID: 35179967 PMCID: PMC8856611 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm7364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nanocrystal gels can be responsive, tunable materials, but designing their structure and properties is challenging. By using reversibly bonded molecular linkers, gelation can be realized under conditions predicted by thermodynamics. However, simulations have offered the only microscopic insights, with no experimental means to monitor linking leading to gelation. We introduce a metal coordination linkage with a distinct optical signature allowing us to quantify linking in situ and establish structural and thermodynamic bases for assembly. Because of coupling between linked indium tin oxide nanocrystals, their infrared absorption shifts abruptly at a chemically tunable gelation temperature. We quantify bonding spectroscopically and use molecular simulation to understand temperature-dependent bonding motifs, revealing that gel formation is governed by reaching a critical number of effective links that extend the nanocrystal network. Microscopic insights from our colorimetric linking chemistry enable switchable gels based on thermodynamic principles, opening the door to rational design of programmable nanocrystal networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiho Kang
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 200 E Dean Keeton St, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Stephanie A. Valenzuela
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 2506 Speedway, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Emily Y. Lin
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 200 E Dean Keeton St, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Manuel N. Dominguez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 2506 Speedway, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Zachary M. Sherman
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 200 E Dean Keeton St, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Thomas M. Truskett
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 200 E Dean Keeton St, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, 2515 Speedway, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Eric V. Anslyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 2506 Speedway, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Delia J. Milliron
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 200 E Dean Keeton St, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 2506 Speedway, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
OUP accepted manuscript. Microscopy (Oxf) 2022; 71:i174-i199. [DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfab050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
12
|
Roccapriore KM, Cho SH, Lupini AR, Milliron DJ, Kalinin SV. Sculpting the Plasmonic Responses of Nanoparticles by Directed Electron Beam Irradiation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2105099. [PMID: 34761528 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202105099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Spatial confinement of matter in functional nanostructures has propelled these systems to the forefront of nanoscience, both as a playground for exotic physics and quantum phenomena and in multiple applications including plasmonics, optoelectronics, and sensing. In parallel, the emergence of monochromated electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) has enabled exploration of local nanoplasmonic functionalities within single nanoparticles and the collective response of nanoparticle assemblies, providing deep insight into associated mechanisms. However, modern synthesis processes for plasmonic nanostructures are often limited in the types of accessible geometry, and materials and are limited to spatial precisions on the order of tens of nm, precluding the direct exploration of critical aspects of the structure-property relationships. Here, the atomic-sized probe of the scanning transmission electron microscope is used to perform precise sculpting and design nanoparticle configurations. Using low-loss EELS, dynamic analyses of the evolution of the plasmonic response are provided. It is shown that within self-assembled systems of nanoparticles, individual nanoparticles can be selectively removed, reshaped, or patterned with nanometer-level resolution, effectively modifying the plasmonic response in both space and energy. This process significantly increases the scope for design possibilities and presents opportunities for unique structure development, which are ultimately the key for nanophotonic design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Roccapriore
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Shin-Hum Cho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Keimyung University, Dalseo-gu, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Andrew R Lupini
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Delia J Milliron
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Sergei V Kalinin
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Olafsson A, Khorasani S, Busche JA, Araujo JJ, Idrobo JC, Gamelin DR, Masiello DJ, Camden JP. Imaging Infrared Plasmon Hybridization in Doped Semiconductor Nanocrystal Dimers. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:10270-10276. [PMID: 34652912 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Carrier-doped semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) offer strong plasmonic responses at frequencies beyond those accessible by conventional plasmonic nanoparticles. Like their noble metal analogues, these emerging materials can harness free space radiation and confine it to the nanoscale but at resonance frequencies that are natively infrared and spectrally tunable by carrier concentration. In this work we combine monochromated STEM-EELS and theoretical modeling to investigate the capability of colloidal indium tin oxide (ITO) NC pairs to form hybridized plasmon modes, providing an additional route to influence the IR plasmon spectrum. These results demonstrate that ITO NCs may have greater coupling strength than expected, emphasizing their potential for near-field enhancement and resonant energy transfer in the IR region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agust Olafsson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Siamak Khorasani
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Jacob A Busche
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Jose J Araujo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Juan Carlos Idrobo
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Daniel R Gamelin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - David J Masiello
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Jon P Camden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Roccapriore KM, Ziatdinov M, Cho SH, Hachtel JA, Kalinin SV. Predictability of Localized Plasmonic Responses in Nanoparticle Assemblies. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2100181. [PMID: 33838003 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202100181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Design of nanoscale structures with desired optical properties is a key task for nanophotonics. Here, the correlative relationship between local nanoparticle geometries and their plasmonic responses is established using encoder-decoder neural networks. In the im2spec network, the relationship between local particle geometries and local spectra is established via encoding the observed geometries to a small number of latent variables and subsequently decoding into plasmonic spectra; in the spec2im network, the relationship is reversed. Surprisingly, these reduced descriptions allow high-veracity predictions of local responses based on geometries for fixed compositions and surface chemical states. Analysis of the latent space distributions and the corresponding decoded and closest (in latent space) encoded images yields insight into the generative mechanisms of plasmonic interactions in the nanoparticle arrays. Ultimately, this approach creates a path toward determining configurations that yield the spectrum closest to the desired one, paving the way for stochastic design of nanoplasmonic structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Roccapriore
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Maxim Ziatdinov
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
- Computational Sciences and Engineering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Shin Hum Cho
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
- Samsung Electronics, Samsung Semiconductor R&D, Hwaseong, Gyeonggi-do, 18448, Republic of Korea
| | - Jordan A Hachtel
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Sergei V Kalinin
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kitajima Y, Sakamoto H, Ueno K. Coupled plasmonic systems: controlling the plasmon dynamics and spectral modulations for molecular detection. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:5187-5201. [PMID: 33687413 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr06681h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
This review describes recent studies on coupled plasmonic systems for controlling plasmon dynamics and molecular detection using spectral modulations. The plasmon dephasing time can be controlled by weak and strong coupling regimes between the plasmonic nanostructures or localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) and the other optical modes such as microcavities. The modal coupling induces near-field enhancement by extending the plasmon dephasing time to increase the near-field enhancement at certain wavelengths resulting in the enhancement of molecular detection. On the other hand, the interaction between LSPR and molecular excited or vibrational states also modulates the resonance spectrum, which can also be used for detecting a small number of molecules with a subtle change in the spectrum. The spectral modulation is induced by weak and strong couplings between LSPRs and the electronic or vibrational states of molecules, and this method is sensitive enough to measure a single molecule.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Kitajima
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan.
| | - Hiyori Sakamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan.
| | - Kosei Ueno
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Borodinov N, Banerjee P, Cho SH, Milliron DJ, Ovchinnikova OS, Vasudevan RK, Hachtel JA. Enhancing hyperspectral EELS analysis of complex plasmonic nanostructures with pan-sharpening. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:014202. [PMID: 33412885 DOI: 10.1063/5.0031324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoscale hyperspectral techniques-such as electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS)-are critical to understand the optical response in plasmonic nanostructures, but as systems become increasingly complex, the required sampling density and acquisition times become prohibitive for instrumental and specimen stability. As a result, there has been a recent push for new experimental methodologies that can provide comprehensive information about a complex system, while significantly reducing the duration of the experiment. Here, we present a pan-sharpening approach to hyperspectral EELS analysis, where we acquire two datasets from the same region (one with high spatial resolution and one with high spectral fidelity) and combine them to achieve a single dataset with the beneficial properties of both. This work outlines a straightforward, reproducible pathway to reduced experiment times and higher signal-to-noise ratios, while retaining the relevant physical parameters of the plasmonic response, and is generally applicable to a wide range of spectroscopy modalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay Borodinov
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Progna Banerjee
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Shin Hum Cho
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Delia J Milliron
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Olga S Ovchinnikova
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Rama K Vasudevan
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Jordan A Hachtel
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Olafsson A, Busche JA, Araujo JJ, Maiti A, Idrobo JC, Gamelin DR, Masiello DJ, Camden JP. Electron Beam Infrared Nano-Ellipsometry of Individual Indium Tin Oxide Nanocrystals. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:7987-7994. [PMID: 32870693 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c02772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Leveraging recent advances in electron energy monochromation and aberration correction, we record the spatially resolved infrared plasmon spectrum of individual tin-doped indium oxide nanocrystals using electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS). Both surface and bulk plasmon responses are measured as a function of tin doping concentration from 1-10 atomic percent. These results are compared to theoretical models, which elucidate the spectral detuning of the same surface plasmon resonance feature when measured from aloof and penetrating probe geometries. We additionally demonstrate a unique approach to retrieving the fundamental dielectric parameters of individual semiconductor nanocrystals via EELS. This method, devoid from ensemble averaging, illustrates the potential for electron-beam ellipsometry measurements on materials that cannot be prepared in bulk form or as thin films.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agust Olafsson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Jacob A Busche
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Jose J Araujo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Arpan Maiti
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Juan Carlos Idrobo
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Daniel R Gamelin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - David J Masiello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Jon P Camden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gibbs SL, Dean C, Saad J, Tandon B, Staller CM, Agrawal A, Milliron DJ. Dual-Mode Infrared Absorption by Segregating Dopants within Plasmonic Semiconductor Nanocrystals. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:7498-7505. [PMID: 32959661 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c02992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
When aliovalent dopants are sufficiently segregated to the core or near the surface of semiconductor nanocrystals, charge carriers donated by the dopants are also segregated to the core or near the surface, respectively. In Sn-doped indium oxide nanocrystals, we find that this contrast in free charge carrier concentration creates a core and shell with differing dielectric properties and results in two distinctly observable plasmonic extinction peaks. The trends in this dual-mode optical response with shell growth differ from core/shell nanoparticles composed of traditional plasmonic metals such as Au and Ag. We developed a model employing a core/shell effective medium approximation that can fit the dual-mode spectra and explain the trends in the extinction response. Lastly, we show that dopant segregation can improve sensitivity of plasmon spectra to changes in refractive index of the surrounding environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen L Gibbs
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Christopher Dean
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Joey Saad
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Bharat Tandon
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Corey M Staller
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Ankit Agrawal
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- The Molecular Foundry, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Delia J Milliron
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Cortés E, Govorov AO, Misawa H, Willets KA. Special topic on emerging directions in plasmonics. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:010401. [PMID: 32640808 DOI: 10.1063/5.0017914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmonics enables a wealth of applications, including photocatalysis, photoelectrochemistry, photothermal heating, optoelectronic devices, and biological and chemical sensing, while encompassing a broad range of materials, including coinage metals, doped semiconductors, metamaterials, 2D materials, bioconjugates, and chiral assemblies. Applications in plasmonics benefit from the large local electromagnetic field enhancements generated by plasmon excitation, as well as the products of plasmon decay, including photons, hot charge carriers, and heat. This special topic highlights recent work in both theory and experiment that advance our fundamental understanding of plasmon excitation and decay mechanisms, showcase new applications enabled by plasmon excitation, and highlight emerging classes of materials that support plasmon excitation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Cortés
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat (LMU), 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander O Govorov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - Hiroaki Misawa
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan and Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Katherine A Willets
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Saez Cabezas CA, Sherman ZM, Howard MP, Dominguez MN, Cho SH, Ong GK, Green AM, Truskett TM, Milliron DJ. Universal Gelation of Metal Oxide Nanocrystals via Depletion Attractions. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:4007-4013. [PMID: 32357005 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nanocrystal gelation provides a powerful framework to translate nanoscale properties into bulk materials and to engineer emergent properties through the assembled microstructure. However, many established gelation strategies rely on chemical reactions and specific interactions, e.g., stabilizing ligands or ions on the nanocrystals' surfaces, and are therefore not easily transferable. Here, we report a general gelation strategy via nonspecific and purely entropic depletion attractions applied to three types of metal oxide nanocrystals. The gelation thresholds of two compositionally distinct spherical nanocrystals agree quantitatively, demonstrating the adaptability of the approach for different chemistries. Consistent with theoretical phase behavior predictions, nanocrystal cubes form gels at a lower polymer concentration than nanocrystal spheres, allowing shape to serve as a handle to control gelation. These results suggest that the fundamental underpinnings of depletion-driven assembly, traditionally associated with larger colloidal particles, are also applicable at the nanoscale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camila A Saez Cabezas
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1589, United States
| | - Zachary M Sherman
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1589, United States
| | - Michael P Howard
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1589, United States
| | - Manuel N Dominguez
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1589, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1589, United States
| | - Shin Hum Cho
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1589, United States
| | - Gary K Ong
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1589, United States
| | - Allison M Green
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1589, United States
| | - Thomas M Truskett
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1589, United States
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1589, United States
| | - Delia J Milliron
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1589, United States
| |
Collapse
|