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Al-Tamemi S, Al-Rawas A, Al-Khabori M, Al-Farsi K, Al-Huneini M, Abdalla A, Al-Kindi S, Dennison D. Immune reconstitution and survival, following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in Omani patients with inborn errors of immunity. Clin Immunol 2024; 264:110263. [PMID: 38795901 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2024.110263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a curative treatment for certain inborn errors of immunity. METHODS A 17-year retrospective cohort study was conducted on 40 immunodeficient patients who underwent HSCT. RESULTS The median age at transplant was 11.0 months (4.6-61.0). Donors were primarily matched sibling donors (60%). 90% and 85% of patients received conditioning and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis, respectively. The mean donor chimerism at the last follow-up was 88.6% ± 17.9% (40-100). Median serum immunoglobulin (Ig) G level, CD4+ T-cell count, and CD19+ B-cell count were 11.7 g/L (9.2-13.6), 0.9 × 109/L 0.6-1.2), and 0.5 × 109/L (0.2-0.7), respectively. 29 patients (72.5%) received intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) therapy, with a median duration of 10.0 months (4.0-14.0). The median post-transplant follow-up was 6.5 years (IQR:1.4-11.5). The 10-year overall probability of survival is 84.3%. CONCLUSION Monitoring IRC is important in ensuring adequate disease-free survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salem Al-Tamemi
- Clinical Immunology & Allergy Unit, Department of Child Health, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman.
| | - Abdulhakim Al-Rawas
- BMT Unit, Department of Child Health, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Murtadha Al-Khabori
- BMT Unit, Department of Hematology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Khalil Al-Farsi
- BMT Unit, Department of Hematology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Mohammed Al-Huneini
- BMT Unit, Department of Hematology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Amr Abdalla
- BMT Unit, Department of Child Health, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman; Pediatric Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Salam Al-Kindi
- BMT Unit, Department of Hematology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, and College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Muscat, Oman
| | - David Dennison
- BMT Unit, Department of Hematology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
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Zhang X, Ding C, Zhao Z. Identification of diagnostic molecules and potential therapeutic agents for atopic dermatitis by single-cell RNA sequencing combined with a systematic computing framework that integrates network pharmacology. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:95. [PMID: 36944896 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-01005-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is composed of highly flexible cellular participants. To better understand its pathobiology and molecular regulation mechanisms, it is necessary to combine single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) with new computing frameworks or specific technologies, which may contribute to the development of better treatments for AD. The scRNA-seq data of GSE180885 and bulk RNA-seq data of GSE193309 were obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and the scRNA-seq data was analyzed by Seurat package to identify the cell types in AD. The genes related to the activity of AD topical drugs were obtained from the ChEMBL database, which provided a variety of bioactivity data such as multiple drugs and targets. AD-related genes were obtained from DisGeNET and CTD databases synthesizing human disease-related genes; the intersection of AD-related genes from these three sources with differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between non-diseased AD and normal human skin (NHS) samples and differential cell type marker genes was taken. The proximity analysis of drug gene network was performed based on the gene with the largest area of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Ten distinct cell types of AD and NHS were identified, except for phagocytes cells. Three hub genes, F10 and CALCRL and CTSB, were obtained. The area under the curve of ROC based on CTSB expression was the largest, which was 60.15%. By binding drug CTSB-related gene interaction network, we identified 145 potential drugs. Among them, the score of DB07045 and CTSB docking was the lowest, and molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation confirmed the close and stable binding of DB07045 and cathepsin B. This work identified diagnostic molecules and potential therapeutic drugs of AD by scRNA-seq combined with a systematic computing framework of network pharmacology, which may provide valuable clues for drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 110000, China
| | - Changrui Ding
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical College, Qiqihar, 230200, China
| | - Zigang Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 110000, China.
- Department of Dermatology, Hainan Hospital of PLA General Hospital, Sanya, 460200, China.
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3
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Belaid B, Lamara Mahammed L, Drali O, Oussaid AM, Touri NS, Melzi S, Dehimi A, Berkani LM, Merah F, Larab Z, Allam I, Khemici O, Kirane SY, Boutaba M, Belbouab R, Bekkakcha H, Guedouar A, Chelali A, Baamara B, Noui D, Baaziz H, Rezak R, Azzouz SM, Aichaoui M, Moktefi A, Benhatchi RM, Oussalah M, Benaissa N, Laredj A, Bouchetara A, Adria A, Habireche B, Tounsi N, Dahmoun F, Touati R, Boucenna H, Bouferoua F, Sekfali L, Bouhafs N, Aboura R, Kherra S, Inouri Y, Dib S, Medouri N, Khelfaoui N, Redjedal A, Zelaci A, Yahiaoui S, Medjadj S, Touhami TK, Kadi A, Amireche F, Frada I, Houasnia S, Benarab K, Boubidi C, Ferhani Y, Benalioua H, Sokhal S, Benamar N, Aggoune S, Hadji K, Bellouti A, Rahmoune H, Boutrid N, Okka K, Ammour A, Saadoune H, Amroun M, Belhadj H, Ghanem A, Abbaz H, Boudrioua S, Zebiche B, Ayad A, Hamadache Z, Ouaras N, Achour N, Bouchair N, Boudiaf H, Bekkat-Berkani D, Maouche H, Bouzrar Z, Aissat L, Ibsaine O, Bioud B, Kedji L, Dahlouk D, Bensmina M, Radoui A, Bessahraoui M, Bensaadi N, Mekki A, Zeroual Z, Chan KW, Leung D, Tebaibia A, Ayoub S, Mekideche D, Gharnaout M, Casanova JL, Puel A, Lau YL, Cherif N, Ladj S, Smati L, Boukari R, Benhalla N, Djidjik R. Inborn Errors of Immunity in Algerian Children and Adults: A Single-Center Experience Over a Period of 13 Years (2008–2021). Front Immunol 2022; 13:900091. [PMID: 35529857 PMCID: PMC9069527 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.900091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inborn errors of immunity (IEI) predispose patients to various infectious and non-infectious complications. Thanks to the development and expanding use of flow cytometry and increased awareness, the diagnostic rate of IEI has markedly increased in Algeria the last decade. Aim This study aimed to describe a large cohort of Algerian patients with probable IEI and to determine their clinical characteristics and outcomes. Methods We collected and analyzed retrospectively the demographic data, clinical manifestations, immunologic, genetic data, and outcome of Algerian IEI patients - diagnosed in the department of medical immunology of Beni Messous university hospital center, Algiers, from 2008 to 2021. Results Eight hundred and seven patients with IEI (482 males and 325 females) were enrolled, 9.7% of whom were adults. Consanguinity was reported in 50.3% of the cases and a positive family history in 32.34%. The medium age at disease onset was 8 months and at diagnosis was 36 months. The median delay in diagnosis was 16 months. Combined immunodeficiencies were the most frequent (33.8%), followed by antibody deficiencies (24.5%) and well-defined syndromes with immunodeficiency (24%). Among 287 patients tested for genetic disorders, 129 patients carried pathogenic mutations; 102 having biallelic variants mostly in a homozygous state (autosomal recessive disorders). The highest mortality rate was observed in patients with combined immunodeficiency (70.1%), especially in patients with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), Omenn syndrome, or Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class II deficiency. Conclusion The spectrum of IEI in Algeria is similar to that seen in most countries of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, notably regarding the frequency of autosomal recessive and/or combined immunodeficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brahim Belaid
- Department of Medical Immunology, Beni Messous University Hospital Center, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Lydia Lamara Mahammed
- Department of Medical Immunology, Beni Messous University Hospital Center, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Ouardia Drali
- Department of Pediatrics B, Hussein Dey University Hospital Center, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Aida Mohand Oussaid
- Department of Pediatrics A, Beni Messous University Hospital Center, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Nabila Souad Touri
- Department of Pediatrics, Blida University Hospital Center, University of Blida, Blida, Algeria
| | - Souhila Melzi
- Department of Pediatrics, Bab El Oued University Hospital Center, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Abdelhak Dehimi
- Department of Pediatrics, Setif University Hospital Center, University of Setif 1, Setif, Algeria
| | - Lylia Meriem Berkani
- Department of Medical Immunology, Beni Messous University Hospital Center, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Fatma Merah
- Department of Medical Immunology, Beni Messous University Hospital Center, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Zineb Larab
- Department of Medical Immunology, Beni Messous University Hospital Center, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Ines Allam
- Department of Medical Immunology, Beni Messous University Hospital Center, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Ouarda Khemici
- Department of Pediatrics B, Beni Messous University Hospital Center, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Sonya Yasmine Kirane
- Department of Pediatrics B, Beni Messous University Hospital Center, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Mounia Boutaba
- Department of Pediatrics A, Hussein Dey University Hospital Center, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Reda Belbouab
- Department of Pediatrics, Mustapha Pacha University Hospital Center, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Hadjira Bekkakcha
- Department of Pediatrics A, Hussein Dey University Hospital Center, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Assia Guedouar
- Department of Pediatrics A, Hussein Dey University Hospital Center, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Abdelhakim Chelali
- Department of Pediatrics, Djelfa Public Hospital Institution, Djelfa, Algeria
| | - Brahim Baamara
- Department of Pediatrics, Djelfa Public Hospital Institution, Djelfa, Algeria
| | - Djamila Noui
- Department of Pediatrics, Batna University Hospital center, University of Batna, Batna, Algeria
| | - Hadda Baaziz
- Department of Pediatrics, Batna University Hospital center, University of Batna, Batna, Algeria
| | - Radia Rezak
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Canastel Children’s Hospital, Oran, Algeria
| | - Sidi Mohamed Azzouz
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Canastel Children’s Hospital, University of Oran, Oran, Algeria
| | - Malika Aichaoui
- Department of Pediatric Pneumo-Allergology, Canastel Children’s Hospital, Oran, Algeria
| | - Assia Moktefi
- Department of Pediatric Pneumo-Allergology, Canastel Children’s Hospital, Oran, Algeria
| | | | - Meriem Oussalah
- Department of Pediatric Pneumo-Allergology, Canastel Children’s Hospital, University of Oran, Oran, Algeria
| | - Naila Benaissa
- Department of Children’s Infectious Diseases, Canastel Children’s Hospital, University of Oran, Oran, Algeria
| | - Amel Laredj
- Department of Children’s Infectious Diseases, Canastel Children’s Hospital, University of Oran, Oran, Algeria
| | - Assia Bouchetara
- Department of Children’s Infectious Diseases, Canastel Children’s Hospital, University of Oran, Oran, Algeria
| | - Abdelkader Adria
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Canastel Children’s Hospital, Oran, Algeria
| | - Brahim Habireche
- Department of Pediatrics, El Bayadh Public Hospital Institution, EL Bayadh, Algeria
| | - Noureddine Tounsi
- Department of Pediatrics, El Bayadh Public Hospital Institution, EL Bayadh, Algeria
| | - Fella Dahmoun
- Department of Pediatrics, Bejaia University Hospital Center, University of Bejaia, Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Rabah Touati
- Department of Pediatrics, Bejaia University Hospital Center, University of Bejaia, Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Hamza Boucenna
- Department of Pediatrics A, Beni Messous University Hospital Center, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Fadila Bouferoua
- Department of Pediatrics A, Beni Messous University Hospital Center, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Lynda Sekfali
- Department of Pediatrics A, Beni Messous University Hospital Center, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Nadjet Bouhafs
- Department of Pediatrics, Bab El Oued University Hospital Center, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Rawda Aboura
- Department of Pediatrics, Bab El Oued University Hospital Center, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Sakina Kherra
- Department of Pediatrics A, Hussein Dey University Hospital Center, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Yacine Inouri
- Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital of the Army, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Saadeddine Dib
- Department of Pediatrics, Mother & Child Hospital of Tlemcen, University of Tlemcen, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Nawel Medouri
- Department of Pediatrics, Saida Public Hospital Institution, Saida, Algeria
| | | | - Aicha Redjedal
- Department of Pediatrics, Saida Public Hospital Institution, Saida, Algeria
| | - Amara Zelaci
- Department of Pediatrics, El Oued Public Hospital Institution, El Oued, Algeria
| | - Samah Yahiaoui
- Department of Pediatrics, Barika Public Hospital Institution, Batna, Algeria
| | - Sihem Medjadj
- Department of Pediatrics, Ghardaia Public Hospital Institution, Ghardaia, Algeria
| | | | - Ahmed Kadi
- Department of Pneumology A, Beni Messous University Hospital Center, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Fouzia Amireche
- Department of Pediatrics, Mother & Child Hospital of EL Mansourah, University of Constantine 3, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Imane Frada
- Department of Pediatrics, Biskra Public Hospital Institution, Biskra, Algeria
| | - Shahrazed Houasnia
- Department of Pediatrics, El Harrouche Public Hospital Institution, Skikda, Algeria
| | - Karima Benarab
- Department of Pediatrics, Tizi Ouzou University Hospital Center, University of Tizi Ouzou, Tizi Ouzou, Algeria
| | - Chahynez Boubidi
- Department of Pediatrics A, Hussein Dey University Hospital Center, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Yacine Ferhani
- Department of Pediatrics, Mustapha Pacha University Hospital Center, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Hayet Benalioua
- Department of Pediatrics, Mustapha Pacha University Hospital Center, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Samia Sokhal
- Department of Pediatrics, Mustapha Pacha University Hospital Center, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Nadia Benamar
- Department of Pediatrics, Tighennif Public Hospital Institution, Mascara, Algeria
| | - Samira Aggoune
- Department of Pediatrics, El-Harrach Public Hospital Institution, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Karima Hadji
- Department of Pediatrics, Ain Oulmene Public Hospital Institution, Setif, Algeria
| | - Asma Bellouti
- Department of Pediatrics, Ain Azel Public Hospital Institution, Setif, Algeria
| | - Hakim Rahmoune
- Department of Pediatrics, Setif University Hospital Center, University of Setif 1, Setif, Algeria
| | - Nada Boutrid
- Department of Pediatrics, Setif University Hospital Center, University of Setif 1, Setif, Algeria
| | - kamelia Okka
- Department of Pediatrics, Setif University Hospital Center, University of Setif 1, Setif, Algeria
| | - Assia Ammour
- Department of Pediatrics, Mother & Child Hospital of Touggourt, Touggourt, Algeria
| | - Houssem Saadoune
- Department of Pneumology, Mila Public Hospital Institution, Mila, Algeria
| | - Malika Amroun
- Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital of the Army, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Hayet Belhadj
- Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital of the Army, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Amina Ghanem
- Department of Pediatrics, Khenchela Public Hospital Institution, Khenchela, Algeria
| | - Hanane Abbaz
- Department of Pediatrics, Khenchela Public Hospital Institution, Khenchela, Algeria
| | - Sana Boudrioua
- Department of Pediatrics, El Khroub Public Hospital Institution, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Besma Zebiche
- Department of Pediatrics, Kolea Public Hospital Institution, Tipaza, Algeria
| | - Assia Ayad
- Department of Pediatrics, Kolea Public Hospital Institution, Tipaza, Algeria
| | - Zahra Hamadache
- Department of Pediatrics, Kolea Public Hospital Institution, Tipaza, Algeria
| | - Nassima Ouaras
- Department of Infectious Diseases, EL Kettar Specialized Hospital, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Nassima Achour
- Department of Infectious Diseases, EL Kettar Specialized Hospital, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Nadira Bouchair
- Department of Pediatrics, Annaba University Hospital Center, University of Annaba, Annaba, Algeria
| | - Houda Boudiaf
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Mustapha pacha University Hospital Center, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Dahila Bekkat-Berkani
- Department of Pediatrics, Bologhine Public Hospital Institution, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Hachemi Maouche
- Department of Pediatrics, El-Harrach Public Hospital Institution, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Zahir Bouzrar
- Department of Pediatrics, Bab El Oued University Hospital Center, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Lynda Aissat
- Department of Pediatrics, Mother & Child Hospital of Tipaza, University of Blida, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Ouardia Ibsaine
- Department of Pediatrics, Ain Taya Public Hospital Institution, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Belkacem Bioud
- Department of Pediatrics, Setif University Hospital Center, University of Setif 1, Setif, Algeria
| | - Leila Kedji
- Department of Pediatrics, Blida University Hospital Center, University of Blida, Blida, Algeria
| | - Djazia Dahlouk
- Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital of the Army, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Manoubia Bensmina
- Department of Pediatrics B, Douera University Hospital Center, University of Blida, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Abdelkarim Radoui
- Department of Pediatric Pneumo-Allergology, Canastel Children’s Hospital, University of Oran, Oran, Algeria
| | - Mimouna Bessahraoui
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Canastel Children’s Hospital, University of Oran, Oran, Algeria
| | - Nadia Bensaadi
- Department of Pediatrics, Tizi Ouzou University Hospital Center, University of Tizi Ouzou, Tizi Ouzou, Algeria
| | - Azzeddine Mekki
- Department of Pediatrics B, Hussein Dey University Hospital Center, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Zoulikha Zeroual
- Department of Pediatrics A, Hussein Dey University Hospital Center, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Koon-Wing Chan
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Daniel Leung
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Amar Tebaibia
- Department of Internal Medicine, El Biar Public Hospital Institution, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Soraya Ayoub
- Department of Internal Medicine, Beni Messous University Hospital Center, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Dalila Mekideche
- Department of Pneumology B, Beni Messous University Hospital Center, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Merzak Gharnaout
- Department of Pneumology A, Beni Messous University Hospital Center, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Jean Laurent Casanova
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
- Imagine Institute, University of Paris, Paris, France
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Anne Puel
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
- Imagine Institute, University of Paris, Paris, France
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yu Lung Lau
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Nacira Cherif
- Department of Pediatrics B, Beni Messous University Hospital Center, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Samir Ladj
- Department of Pediatrics, El Biar Public Hospital Institution, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Leila Smati
- Department of Pediatrics, Bologhine Public Hospital Institution, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Rachida Boukari
- Department of Pediatrics, Mustapha Pacha University Hospital Center, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Nafissa Benhalla
- Department of Pediatrics A, Beni Messous University Hospital Center, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Reda Djidjik
- Department of Medical Immunology, Beni Messous University Hospital Center, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
- *Correspondence: Reda Djidjik,
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4
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Elsink K, Huibers MMH, Hollink IHIM, Simons A, Zonneveld-Huijssoon E, van der Veken LT, Leavis HL, Henriet SSV, van Deuren M, van de Veerdonk FL, Potjewijd J, Berghuis D, Dalm VASH, Vermont CL, van de Ven AAJM, Lambeck AJA, Abbott KM, van Hagen PM, de Bree GJ, Kuijpers TW, Frederix GWJ, van Gijn ME, van Montfrans JM. Implementation of Early Next-Generation Sequencing for Inborn Errors of Immunity: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study of Diagnostic Yield and Clinical Implications in Dutch Genome Diagnostic Centers. Front Immunol 2022; 12:780134. [PMID: 34992599 PMCID: PMC8724043 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.780134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Inborn errors of immunity (IEI) are a heterogeneous group of disorders, affecting different components of the immune system. Over 450 IEI related genes have been identified, with new genes continually being recognized. This makes the early application of next-generation sequencing (NGS) as a diagnostic method in the evaluation of IEI a promising development. We aimed to provide an overview of the diagnostic yield and time to diagnosis in a cohort of patients suspected of IEI and evaluated by an NGS based IEI panel early in the diagnostic trajectory in a multicenter setting in the Netherlands. Study Design We performed a prospective observational cohort study. We collected data of 165 patients with a clinical suspicion of IEI without prior NGS based panel evaluation that were referred for early NGS using a uniform IEI gene panel. The diagnostic yield was assessed in terms of definitive genetic diagnoses, inconclusive diagnoses and patients without abnormalities in the IEI gene panel. We also assessed time to diagnosis and clinical implications. Results For children, the median time from first consultation to diagnosis was 119 days versus 124 days for adult patients (U=2323; p=0.644). The median turn-around time (TAT) of genetic testing was 56 days in pediatric patients and 60 days in adult patients (U=1892; p=0.191). A definitive molecular diagnosis was made in 25/65 (24.6%) of pediatric patients and 9/100 (9%) of adults. Most diagnosed disorders were identified in the categories of immune dysregulation (n=10/25; 40%), antibody deficiencies (n=5/25; 20%), and phagocyte diseases (n=5/25; 20%). Inconclusive outcomes were found in 76/165 (46.1%) patients. Within the patient group with a genetic diagnosis, a change in disease management occurred in 76% of patients. Conclusion In this cohort, the highest yields of NGS based evaluation for IEI early in the diagnostic trajectory were found in pediatric patients, and in the disease categories immune dysregulation and phagocyte diseases. In cases where a definitive diagnosis was made, this led to important disease management implications in a large majority of patients. More research is needed to establish a uniform diagnostic pathway for cases with inconclusive diagnoses, including variants of unknown significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Elsink
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Wilhelmina's Children Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Manon M H Huibers
- Department of Genetics, Division Laboratories, Pharmacy and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Iris H I M Hollink
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Annet Simons
- Department of Human Genetics, Nijmegen Center for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Evelien Zonneveld-Huijssoon
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Lars T van der Veken
- Department of Genetics, Division Laboratories, Pharmacy and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Helen L Leavis
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Stefanie S V Henriet
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Amalia's Children Hospital, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Marcel van Deuren
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Frank L van de Veerdonk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Judith Potjewijd
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Dagmar Berghuis
- Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Virgil A S H Dalm
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy & Clinical Immunology; Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Clementien L Vermont
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Immunology and Rheumatology, Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus Medical Center, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Annick A J M van de Ven
- Department of Internal Medicine and Allergology, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Annechien J A Lambeck
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Kristin M Abbott
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - P Martin van Hagen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy & Clinical Immunology; Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Godelieve J de Bree
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Taco W Kuijpers
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Geert W J Frederix
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Mariëlle E van Gijn
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Joris M van Montfrans
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Wilhelmina's Children Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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5
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Wang J, Liu F, Kong R, Han X. Association Between Globulin and Diabetic Nephropathy in Type2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:890273. [PMID: 35898464 PMCID: PMC9311329 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.890273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the development of economy, the living standard of people all over the world has been greatly improved, and the incidence of diabetes is also increasing. Many people with diabetes also develop other complications that reduce their quality of life. Diabetic nephropathy is a common complication of type2 diabetes. Understanding the related factors of diabetic nephropathy is greatly significant to control the occurrence of diabetic nephropathy and improve patient's life quality. DATA AND METHODS Data were collected from 2009 to 2018 in NHANES. Curve fitting graph was performed to investigate the association between globulin (GLB) and diabetic nephropathy(DN). Four logistic regression models were conducted to control the potential confounding factors. Subgroup analysis was carried out to assess the stability of results. RESULTS GLB was positively correlated with the occurrence of DN after controlling for potential confounders. Higher GLB was associated with an increased risk of diabetic nephropathy [odds ratio(OR), 1.10; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.07-1.13, P < 0.001]. CONCLUSIONS In this cross-sectional study, GLB was significant positively correlated with the occurrence of DN in patients with type2 diabetes mellitus.
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Martinez CA, Marteinsdottir I, Josefsson A, Sydsjö G, Theodorsson E, Rodriguez-Martinez H. Prenatal stress, anxiety and depression alter transcripts, proteins and pathways associated with immune responses at the maternal-fetal interface†. Biol Reprod 2021; 106:449-462. [PMID: 34935902 PMCID: PMC8934694 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During pregnancy, the immune system is modified to allow developmental developmental tolerance of the semi-allogeneic fetus and placenta to term. Pregnant women suffering from stress, anxiety and depression show dysfunctions of their immune system that may be responsible for fetal and/or newborn disorders, provided that provided that placental gene regulation is compromised. The present study explored the effects of maternal chronic self-perceived stress, anxiety and depression during pregnancy on the expression of immune related-genes and pathways in term placenta. Pregnancies were clinically monitored with the Beck's Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). A cutoff threshold for BAI/EPDS of 10 divided patients into two groups: Index group (≥10, n = 11) and a Control group (<10, n = 11), whose placentae were sampled at delivery. The placental samples were subjected to RNA-Sequencing, demonstrating that stress, anxiety and depression during pregnancy induced a major downregulation of placental transcripts related to immune processes such as T-cell regulation, interleukin and cytokine signaling or innate immune responses. Expression differences of main immune related genes such as CD46, CD15, CD8α & β ILR7α and CCR4 among others, were found in the index group (P < 0.05). Moreover, the key immune-like pathway involved in humoral and cellular immunity named "Primary immunodeficiency" was significantly downregulated in the index group compared to controls. Our results show that mechanisms ruling immune system functions are compromised at the maternal-fetal interface following self-perceived depressive symptoms and anxiety during pregnancy. These findings may help unveil mechanisms ruling the impact of maternal psychiatric symptoms and lead to new prevention/intervention strategies in complicated pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina A Martinez
- Department of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ina Marteinsdottir
- Department of Medicine and Optometry, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Linnaeus University, Hus Vita, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Ann Josefsson
- Department of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Gunilla Sydsjö
- Department of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Elvar Theodorsson
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Heriberto Rodriguez-Martinez
- Department of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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7
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Perazzio SF, Palmeira P, Moraes-Vasconcelos D, Rangel-Santos A, de Oliveira JB, Andrade LEC, Carneiro-Sampaio M. A Critical Review on the Standardization and Quality Assessment of Nonfunctional Laboratory Tests Frequently Used to Identify Inborn Errors of Immunity. Front Immunol 2021; 12:721289. [PMID: 34858394 PMCID: PMC8630704 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.721289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Inborn errors of immunity (IEI), which were previously termed primary immunodeficiency diseases, represent a large and growing heterogeneous group of diseases that are mostly monogenic. In addition to increased susceptibility to infections, other clinical phenotypes have recently been associated with IEI, such as autoimmune disorders, severe allergies, autoinflammatory disorders, benign lymphoproliferative diseases, and malignant manifestations. The IUIS 2019 classification comprises 430 distinct defects that, although rare individually, represent a group affecting a significant number of patients, with an overall prevalence of 1:1,200-2,000 in the general population. Early IEI diagnosis is critical for appropriate therapy and genetic counseling, however, this process is deeply dependent on accurate laboratory tests. Despite the striking importance of laboratory data for clinical immunologists, several IEI-relevant immunoassays still lack standardization, including standardized protocols, reference materials, and external quality assessment programs. Moreover, well-established reference values mostly remain to be determined, especially for early ages, when the most severe conditions manifest and diagnosis is critical for patient survival. In this article, we intend to approach the issue of standardization and quality control of the nonfunctional diagnostic tests used for IEI, focusing on those frequently utilized in clinical practice. Herein, we will focus on discussing the issues of nonfunctional immunoassays (flow cytometry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and turbidimetry/nephelometry, among others), as defined by the pure quantification of proteins or cell subsets without cell activation or cell culture-based methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Félix Perazzio
- Division of Rheumatology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Immunology Division, Fleury Medicine and Health Laboratory, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia Palmeira
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica (LIM-36), Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dewton Moraes-Vasconcelos
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica (LIM-56), Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andréia Rangel-Santos
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica (LIM-36), Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Luis Eduardo Coelho Andrade
- Division of Rheumatology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Immunology Division, Fleury Medicine and Health Laboratory, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Magda Carneiro-Sampaio
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica (LIM-36), Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
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8
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Babushkina NP, Postrigan AE, Kucher AN. Involvement of Variants in the Genes Encoding BRCA1-Associated Genome Surveillance Complex (BASC) in the Development of Human Common Diseases. Mol Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893321020047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Tiri A, Masetti R, Conti F, Tignanelli A, Turrini E, Bertolini P, Esposito S, Pession A. Inborn Errors of Immunity and Cancer. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10040313. [PMID: 33918597 PMCID: PMC8069273 DOI: 10.3390/biology10040313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Inborn Errors of Immunity (IEI) are a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by a defect in the function of at least one, and often more, components of the immune system. The overall risk for cancer in children with IEI ranges from 4 to 25%. Several factors, namely, age of the patient, viral infection status and IEI type can influence the development of different cancer types. Immunologists and oncologists should interact to monitor and promptly diagnose the potential development of cancer in known IEI patients, as well as an underlying IEI in newly diagnosed cancers with suggestive medical history or high rate of therapy-related toxicity. The creation of an international registry of IEI cases with detailed information on the occurrence of cancer is fundamental to optimizing the diagnostic process and to evaluating the outcomes of new therapeutic options, with the aim of improving prognosis and reducing comorbidities. Abstract Inborn Errors of Immunity (IEI) are a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by a defect in the function of at least one, and often more, components of the immune system. The aim of this narrative review is to discuss the epidemiology, the pathogenesis and the correct management of tumours in patients with IEI. PubMed was used to search for all of the studies published over the last 20 years using the keywords: “inborn errors of immunity” or “primary immunodeficiency” and “cancer” or “tumour” or “malignancy”. Literature analysis showed that the overall risk for cancer in children with IEI ranges from 4 to 25%. Several factors, namely, age of the patient, viral infection status and IEI type can influence the development of different cancer types. The knowledge of a specific tumour risk in the presence of IEI highlights the importance of a synergistic effort by immunologists and oncologists in tracking down the potential development of cancer in known IEI patients, as well as an underlying IEI in patients with newly diagnosed cancers. In the current genomic era, the creation of an international registry of IEI cases integrated with malignancies occurrence information is fundamental to optimizing the diagnostic process and to evaluating the outcomes of new therapeutic options, with the hope to obtain a better prognosis for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Tiri
- Pediatric Clinic, Pietro Barilla Children’s Hospital, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (A.T.); (A.T.); (E.T.)
| | - Riccardo Masetti
- Pediatric Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (R.M.); (F.C.); (A.P.)
| | - Francesca Conti
- Pediatric Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (R.M.); (F.C.); (A.P.)
| | - Anna Tignanelli
- Pediatric Clinic, Pietro Barilla Children’s Hospital, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (A.T.); (A.T.); (E.T.)
| | - Elena Turrini
- Pediatric Clinic, Pietro Barilla Children’s Hospital, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (A.T.); (A.T.); (E.T.)
| | - Patrizia Bertolini
- Pediatric Oncohematology Unit, Pietro Barilla Children’s Hospital, 43126 Parma, Italy;
| | - Susanna Esposito
- Pediatric Clinic, Pietro Barilla Children’s Hospital, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (A.T.); (A.T.); (E.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0521-903-524
| | - Andrea Pession
- Pediatric Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (R.M.); (F.C.); (A.P.)
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10
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Fekrvand S, Mozdarani H, Delavari S, Sohani M, Nazari F, Kiaee F, Bagheri Y, Azizi G, Hassanpour G, Mozdarani S, Abolhassani H, Aghamohammadi A, Yazdani R. Evaluation of Radiation Sensitivity in Patients with Hyper IgM Syndrome. Immunol Invest 2020; 50:580-596. [PMID: 32584193 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2020.1779288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIGM syndrome is a rare form of primary immunodeficiencies characterized by normal/increased amounts of serum IgM and decreased serum levels of other switched immunoglobulin classes. Since the affected patients are continuously infected with various types of pathogens and are susceptible for cancers, diagnostic and therapeutic tests including imaging techniques are recommended for the diagnosis and treatment of these patients, which predispose them to higher accumulated doses of radiation. Given the evidence of class switching recombination machinery defect and its association with an increased rate of DNA repair, we aimed to evaluate radiation sensitivity among a group of patients diagnosed with HIGM syndrome. METHODS 19 HIGM patients (14 CD40 L and 3 AID deficiencies and 2 unsolved cases without known genetic defects) and 17 control subjects (10 healthy subjects as negative control group, 7 ataxia-telangiectasia patients as positive control group) were enrolled. G2 assay was carried out for the determination of radiosensitivity. RESULTS Based on radiation-induced chromosomal changes among the studied HIGM patients and their comparison with the controls, almost all (95%) the patients had degrees of radiosensitivity: 6 patients with low to moderate, 1 patient with moderate, 11 patients with severe and 1 patient without radiation sensitivity. CONCLUSION Today, X-ray radiation plays a very important role in diagnostic and therapeutic procedures; while increased exposure has devastating effects especially in radiosensitive patients. Considering higher sensitivity in HIGM patients, utilizing radiation-free techniques could partly avoid unnecessary and high-level exposure to radiation, thus preventing or reducing its harmful effects on the affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Fekrvand
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center,Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Mozdarani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences,Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Delavari
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center,Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Sohani
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center,Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Nazari
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center,Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Kiaee
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yasser Bagheri
- Clinical Research Development Unit (CRDU), 5 Azar Hospital, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Azizi
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Hassanpour
- Center for Research of Endemic Parasites of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hassan Abolhassani
- Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Asghar Aghamohammadi
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center,Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Yazdani
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center,Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Elsink K, van Montfrans JM, van Gijn ME, Blom M, van Hagen PM, Kuijpers TW, Frederix GWJ. Cost and impact of early diagnosis in primary immunodeficiency disease: A literature review. Clin Immunol 2020; 213:108359. [PMID: 32035178 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND New, innovative, costly diagnostic methods for patients with primary immunodeficiencies (PID) demand upfront insight into their potential cost savings and added value for individual patients. As such, high quality, comparable economic evaluations are of utmost importance to enable informed decisions. The objective of this review was therefore to create an extensive overview of current costing studies and potential cost savings of early diagnosis in primary immunodeficiency disease. METHODS A literature search in PubMed was conducted and studies involving any form of costing study in the field of PIDs were included. Of the included studies, study characteristics, cost parameters and benefits of early diagnosis were extracted and outlined in separate tables. RESULTS Twenty two studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. The papers were categorized according to their subject: neonatal screening for severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), Ig replacement therapies and studies reporting on costs of general or specific PIDs. Within and between these groups variability in reported costing characteristics was observed. In studies that reported cost savings pre- and post-diagnosis, cost savings ranged from 6500 to 108,463 USD of total costs per patient. CONCLUSION This literature review shows that, regardless of what aspect of PIDs has been studied, in nearly all cases early diagnosis reduces health care consumption and leads to better health outcomes for patients with PIDs. We found considerable variability in costing characteristics of economic evaluations of PID patients, which hampers the comparability of outcomes. More effort is needed to create uniformity and define cost parameters in economic evaluations in the field of PIDs, facilitating further prospective research to extensively assess the benefits of early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Elsink
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joris M van Montfrans
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mariëlle E van Gijn
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maartje Blom
- Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - P Martin van Hagen
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T W Kuijpers
- Department of Internal Medicine/Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Geert W J Frederix
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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12
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Mahdaviani SA, Darougar S, Mansouri D, Tashayoie-Nejad S, Movahedi M, Aghdam KR, Ghaffaripour H, Baghaie N, Hassanzad M, Eslaminejad A, Fakharian A, Pourdowlat G, Heshmatnia J, Bakhshayeshkaram M, Boloursaz M, Tabarsi P, Hashemitari SK, Velayati AA. Pulmonary complications of predominantly antibody immunodeficiencies in a tertiary lung center. Interv Med Appl Sci 2018; 11:1-7. [PMID: 32148897 PMCID: PMC7044568 DOI: 10.1556/1646.10.2018.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Respiratory infections are expressed very soon in the life in humoral immunodeficiencies and often lead to chronic irreversible complications such as bronchiectasis and chronic airflow limitation. This study was conducted to evaluate the pulmonary complications of predominantly antibody immunodeficiencies to show the benefits of timely diagnosis and appropriate therapy. Patients and methods The information of 48 patients involved with a type of predominantly antibody immunodeficiencies, including sex, type of primary immunodeficiency, age at the onset of symptoms, age at diagnosis, recurrent infections, respiratory symptoms, and pulmonary radiological and functional abnormalities were recorded and analyzed. Results In 48 patients evaluated, the mean age at diagnosis was 25.63 years. The mean diagnostic delay was estimated to be 13.62 years. The most recurring clinical manifestations, sinusitis (69.6%), otitis (43.5%), and recurrent pneumonia were the cause of frequent admissions in 68.8% of these patients. Bronchiectasis was frequently found (58.3%) in these patients mostly involving the middle and lower lobes (48.8% and 41.5%, respectively). Conclusions Respiratory complications, infectious or non-infectious, determine the prognosis of the disease in patients with predominantly antibody immunodeficiencies. Timely diagnosis and appropriate management may improve life expectancy and the quality of life in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Alireza Mahdaviani
- Pediatric Respiratory Diseases Research Centre, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Darougar
- Pediatric Respiratory Diseases Research Centre, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Mansouri
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Centre, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sabereh Tashayoie-Nejad
- Pediatric Respiratory Diseases Research Centre, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Movahedi
- Pediatric Respiratory Diseases Research Centre, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Karim Rahimi Aghdam
- Pediatric Respiratory Diseases Research Centre, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hosseinali Ghaffaripour
- Pediatric Respiratory Diseases Research Centre, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nooshin Baghaie
- Pediatric Respiratory Diseases Research Centre, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Hassanzad
- Pediatric Respiratory Diseases Research Centre, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Eslaminejad
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Centre, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atefeh Fakharian
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Centre, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Guitti Pourdowlat
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Centre, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jalal Heshmatnia
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Centre, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Bakhshayeshkaram
- Pediatric Respiratory Diseases Research Centre, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Boloursaz
- Pediatric Respiratory Diseases Research Centre, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Payam Tabarsi
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Centre, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Karen Hashemitari
- Pediatric Respiratory Diseases Research Centre, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Velayati
- Mycobacteriology Research Centre (MRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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13
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Foster JH, Cheng WS, Nguyen NY, Krance R, Martinez C. Immunoglobulin prophylaxis in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2018; 65:e27348. [PMID: 30207052 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.27348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND After allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), patients have an increased susceptibility to infections, thought to be due in part to hypogammaglobulinemia. Thus, prophylactic administration of intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) has been administered to patients after HSCT as standard of care. This study compares the viral infection rate between dosing IVIG by IgG levels versus by routine monthly administration in pediatric patients after HSCT. PROCEDURE In this retrospective chart review, we abstracted from electronic medical records data on pediatric patients undergoing HSCT from 2010 to 2012 for 6 months post-HSCT. We compared rates of infection between patients treated with routine IVIG prophylaxis and patients given IVIG prophylaxis based on IgG tough levels (IgG levels were checked every 2 weeks). RESULTS Data were available and reviewed for 50 patients dosed with IVIG every 28 days (Group 1) and 100 patients dosed with IVIG based on IgG level > 400 mg/dl (Group 2). There was no significant difference in age (P = 0.98) or sex (P = 0.42), reason for HSCT, alemtuzumab use (P = 0.602), or reduced intensity conditioning (P = 1.00). Significantly more haploidentical donors were in Group 1 (P = 0.04), otherwise there was no significant difference in donor type between groups. Significantly less acute graft versus host disease occurred (P = <0.001) in Group 2 (P = <0.001). PCR documented viral infections were not significantly different (P = 0.412) (Table 1). Group 2 patients received significantly less IVIG (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Dosing IVIG to maintain an IgG level > 400 mg/dl is a cost-effective and safe way to prevent viral infections in pediatric patients undergoing HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer H Foster
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - W Susan Cheng
- Department of Public Health, Benedictine University, Lisle, Illinois
| | - Ngoc-Yen Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Robert Krance
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Caridad Martinez
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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Abstract
Prevention and management of opportunistic infections in children is particularly relevant in an era demonstrating an increased prevalence of immunocompromising conditions. The presence of an unusual organism which results in serious infection in a child should therefore always raise the consideration of immune compromise. The more common opportunistic infections have become easier to recognize in recent times due to improved awareness and more refined diagnostic testing. Targeted treatment is usually followed by long-term prophylactic medication. The impact of these conditions on patient outcome is of clear significance and certainly warrants further discussion.
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Sheikhbahaei S, Sherkat R, Camacho-Ordonez N, Khoshnevisan R, Kalantari A, Salehi M, Nazemian SS, Nasr-Esfahani MH, Klein C. Pregnancy, child bearing and prevention of giving birth to the affected children in patients with primary immunodeficiency disease; a case-series. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2018; 18:299. [PMID: 29996795 PMCID: PMC6042236 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-018-1927-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with primary immunodeficiency disease (PID) who survive to adulthood and willing to have a child mostly are worried whether their disease affects their fertility and/or pregnancy and also if their child would be predisposed to PID. CASE PRESENTATION We report the outcome of conception, pregnancy and their management in 9 families with definite diagnosis of PID. A chronic granulomatous disease subject with an uneventful pregnancy developed fungal sacral osteomyelitis few weeks after delivery. A pregnant common variable immunodeficiency disease (CVID) patient with idiopathic thrombocytopenia had platelet count dropped before delivery. A sever neutropenic mother who refused to get IFNγ delivered two healthy children. A CVID case intolerant to IVIg with eclampsia and PTE delivered a baby. Another CVID female gave birth to a baby without being on any treatment since she was not diagnosed with immunodeficiency disease at that time. A healthy girl was implanted via preimplantation gender selection in a family who owned a Wiskott Aldrich-affected son. A family who had two children with Ataxia Telangiectasia used donated oocyte for their 3rd child. Prenatal genetic diagnosis was used to screen the fetus for the impaired BTK and CVID genes detected in sibling and father respectively in 2 separate families. CONCLUSION Pregnancy in PID patients is more complex than normal population. Because, not only it has the chance of being inherited by the offspring, but also there are some risks for the mother if she has any kind of immunity component defects. So consultation with a clinical geneticist is crucial to choose the best available approach. They also should be observed and followed by a clinical immunologist to take the best possible safe care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Sheikhbahaei
- Acquired Immunodeficiency Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Roya Sherkat
- Acquired Immunodeficiency Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran.
| | | | - Razie Khoshnevisan
- Acquired Immunodeficiency Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Mansour Salehi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Christophe Klein
- Department of Pediatric, Children's Hospital, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
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Brandt SL, Putnam NE, Cassat JE, Serezani CH. Innate Immunity to Staphylococcus aureus: Evolving Paradigms in Soft Tissue and Invasive Infections. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2018; 200:3871-3880. [PMID: 29866769 PMCID: PMC6028009 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus causes a wide range of diseases that together embody a significant public health burden. Aided by metabolic flexibility and a large virulence repertoire, S. aureus has the remarkable ability to hematogenously disseminate and infect various tissues, including skin, lung, heart, and bone, among others. The hallmark lesions of invasive staphylococcal infections, abscesses, simultaneously denote the powerful innate immune responses to tissue invasion as well as the ability of staphylococci to persist within these lesions. In this article, we review the innate immune responses to S. aureus during infection of skin and bone, which serve as paradigms for soft tissue and bone disease, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Brandt
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Nicole E Putnam
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - James E Cassat
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232;
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232; and
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - C Henrique Serezani
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232;
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
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A Multicentre Study on the Efficacy, Safety and Pharmacokinetics of IqYmune®, a Highly Purified 10% Liquid Intravenous Immunoglobulin, in Patients with Primary Immune Deficiency. J Clin Immunol 2017; 37:539-547. [PMID: 28711959 PMCID: PMC5554475 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-017-0416-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This multicentre, open-label, prospective, single-arm study was designed to evaluate the efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and safety of IqYmune®, a highly purified 10% polyvalent immunoglobulin preparation for intravenous administration in patients with primary immunodeficiency. IqYmune® was administered to 62 patients (aged 2–61 years) with X-linked agammaglobulinemia or common variable immune deficiency at a dose from 0.22 to 0.97 g/kg every 3 to 4 weeks for 12 months with an infusion rate up to 8 mL/kg/h. A pharmacokinetic study was performed at steady state between the 8th and the 9th infusion. A single case of serious bacterial infection was observed, leading to an annualized rate of serious bacterial infections/patient (primary endpoint) of 0.017 (98% CI: 0.000, 0.115). Overall, 228 infections were reported, most frequently bronchitis, chronic sinusitis, nasopharyngitis and upper respiratory tract infection. The mean annualized rate of infections was 3.79/patient. A lower risk of infections was associated with an IgG trough level > 8 g/L (p = 0.01). The mean annualized durations of absence from work or school and of hospitalization due to infections were 1.01 and 0.89 days/patient, respectively. The mean serum IgG trough level before the 6th infusion was 7.73 g/L after a mean dose of IqYmune® of 0.57 g/kg. The pharmacokinetic profile of IqYmune® was consistent with that of other intravenous immunoglobulins. Overall, 15.5% of infusions were associated with an adverse event occurring within 72 h post infusion. Headache was the most common adverse event. In conclusion, IqYmune® was shown to be effective and well tolerated in patients with primary immunodeficiency.
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Mohammadzadeh I, Moazzami B, Ghaffari J, Aghamohammadi A, Rezaei N. Primary immunodeficiency diseases in Northern Iran. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2017; 45:244-250. [PMID: 28237128 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Primary immunodeficiency diseases (PID) are a heterogeneous group of inherited disorders, characterised by recurrent severe infections, autoimmunity and lymphoproliferation. Despite impressive progress in identification of novel PID, there is an unfortunate lack of awareness among physicians in identification of patients with PID, especially in non-capital cities of countries worldwide. RESULT This study was performed in a single-centre paediatric hospital in Northern Iran during a 21-year period (1994-2015). Ninety-four patients were included in this study. The majority of cases had antibody deficiencies (37.23%), followed by well-defined syndromes with immunodeficiency in 16 (17.02%), phagocytic disorders in 15 patients (15.95%), complement deficiencies in 15 patients (15.95%), immunodeficiencies affecting cellular and humoral immunity in nine patients (9.57%), disease of immune dysregulation in three (3.19%), and defects in intrinsic and innate immunity in one (1.06%). CONCLUSION It seems that there are major variations in frequency of different types of PID in different regions of a country. Therefore, reporting local data could provide better ideas to improve the local health care system strategists and quality of care of PID patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Mohammadzadeh
- Noncommunicable Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran; Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases Network (PIDNet), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Babol, Iran
| | - B Moazzami
- Noncommunicable Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran; Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases Network (PIDNet), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Babol, Iran
| | - J Ghaffari
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - A Aghamohammadi
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases Network (PIDNet), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - N Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Boston, MA, USA.
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Ueda S, Usui Y, Nagai T, Diaz-Aguilar D, Nagao T, Goto H. Immunophenotypic profiles for distinguishing orbital mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma from benign lymphoproliferative tumors. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2017; 61:354-360. [DOI: 10.1007/s10384-017-0513-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases in Oman: 10-Year Experience in a Tertiary Care Hospital. J Clin Immunol 2016; 36:785-792. [PMID: 27699572 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-016-0337-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Primary immunodeficiency (PID) diseases are rare, complex medical disorders that often are overlooked in clinical settings. There are emerging reports of PID from Middle Eastern populations. This study describes the features of PID patients in a tertiary care setting in Oman and compares them with regional and worldwide reports. METHOD Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (SQUH) is an academic tertiary care-level hospital for specialized healthcare, including PID patients. At the time of diagnosis, patients' sociodemographics, clinical features, laboratory investigations, and management were entered in electronic form. This study included patients seen between August 2005 and July 2015. RESULTS One hundred forty patients were registered with a minimum estimated population prevalence of 7.0/100,000. The male/female ratio was 1.6:1, the median age of onset of symptoms was 8 months, and diagnosis was 21 months with a delay of 13 months. Family history was positive in 44 %, consanguinity was present in 76 %, death of a previous sibling was present in 36 %, and there was an overall mortality in 18 %, with an 85 % probability of survival 10 years following diagnosis. The most common type of immunodeficiency was phagocytic disorders (35.0 %), followed by predominantly antibody disorders (20.7 %), combined immunodeficiency (17.8 %), other well-defined PID syndromes (15.0 %), immune dysregulation syndromes (3.5 %), complement deficiencies (3.5 %), and unclassified immunodeficiency (4.2 %). The commonest presenting infection was pneumonia (47.1 %). CONCLUSION PID is not a rare condition in Oman. The prevalence is in concordance with reports from the region but higher than in Western populations. The findings of the current study would help to improve the awareness and management of, and policy making for PID.
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Mortaz E, Tabarsi P, Mansouri D, Khosravi A, Garssen J, Velayati A, Adcock IM. Cancers Related to Immunodeficiencies: Update and Perspectives. Front Immunol 2016; 7:365. [PMID: 27703456 PMCID: PMC5028721 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The life span of patients with primary and secondary immunodeficiency is increasing due to recent improvements in therapeutic strategies. While the incidence of primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) is 1:10,000 births, that of secondary immunodeficiencies are more common and are associated with posttransplantation immune dysfunction, with immunosuppressive medication for human immunodeficiency virus or with human T-cell lymphotropic virus infection. After infection, malignancy is the most prevalent cause of death in both children and adults with (PIDs). PIDs more often associated with cancer include common variable immunodeficiency (CVID), Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, ataxia-telangiectasia, and severe combined immunodeficiency. This suggests that a protective immune response against both infectious non-self-(pathogens) and malignant self-challenges (cancer) exists. The increased incidence of cancer has been attributed to defective elimination of altered or "transformed" cells and/or defective immunity towards cancer cells. The concept of aberrant immune surveillance occurring in PIDs is supported by evidence in mice and from patients undergoing immunosuppression after transplantation. Here, we discuss the importance of PID defects in the development of malignancies and the current limitations associated with molecular pathogenesis of these diseases and emphasize the need for further knowledge of how specific mutations can modulate the immune system to alter immunosurveillance and thereby play a key role in the etiology of malignancies in PID patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmaeil Mortaz
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Chronic Respiratory Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Payam Tabarsi
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davod Mansouri
- Chronic Respiratory Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Adnan Khosravi
- Chronic Respiratory Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Nutricia Research Centre for Specialized Nutrition, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Aliakbar Velayati
- Mycobacteriology Research Center (MRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ian M. Adcock
- Cell and Molecular Biology Group, Airways Disease Section, Faculty of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Alvarez-Cardona A, Espinosa-Padilla SE, Reyes SOL, Ventura-Juarez J, Lopez-Valdez JA, Martínez-Medina L, Santillan-Artolozaga A, Cajero-Avelar A, De Luna-Sosa AR, Torres-Bernal LF, Espinosa-Rosales FJ. Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases in Aguascalientes, Mexico: Results from an Educational Program. J Clin Immunol 2016; 36:173-8. [PMID: 26898367 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-016-0242-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) are a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized mainly by recurrent infections. Late diagnosis remains as one of the main issues to solve. We aimed to increase PID diagnosis in Aguascalientes, a 1.3 million inhabitants state in the center of Mexico, and to describe the clinical features of such patients. METHODS We developed an educational program for health personnel and general public; patients with possible PID were referred to a State University clinical center from December 2011 to December 2012. The patients were evaluated at the clinic and their definitive diagnosis pursued through laboratory, molecular and genetic assays. We describe the findings of those patients and analyze the impact of the program in terms of number of referrals. RESULTS After 41 talks and 12 media appearances 151 patients were referred for evaluation. Fifteen (9.9%) were diagnosed with PID: five (33%) had antibody deficiencies, seven (47%) Well-defined syndromes, two (13%) Severe combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) and one case (7%) of an innate immune deficiency. All of the 15 PID patients had been referred by physicians, as opposed to the public. We estimated a "number needed to teach" of 75 physicians to get one PID patient referral. CONCLUSION Educational programs are a fundamental part of the global efforts to increase PID diagnosis and care. To be successful, such programs should include public relations, reach for first-contact physicians, and aim to develop an efficient referral network with molecular diagnostic capability. Enhancing medical knowledge on PID is a successful strategy to improve early diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Elva Espinosa-Padilla
- Immunodeficiencies Research Unit, a Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic Center at the National Institute of Pediatrics, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Saul Oswaldo Lugo Reyes
- Immunodeficiencies Research Unit, a Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic Center at the National Institute of Pediatrics, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Francisco J Espinosa-Rosales
- Immunodeficiencies Research Unit, a Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic Center at the National Institute of Pediatrics, Mexico City, Mexico. .,Clinical Immunology and Allergy Unit, National Institute of Pediatrics, Insurgentes sur 3700-C colonia insurgentes cuicuilco, Delegación Coyoacán, México, D.F. 04530.
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Deficient synthesis of class-switched, HIV-neutralizing antibodies to the CD4 binding site and correction by electrophilic gp120 immunogen. AIDS 2014; 28:2201-11. [PMID: 25022597 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000000392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE HIV is vulnerable to antibodies that recognize a linear CD4 binding site epitope of gp120 (C), but inducing C-directed antibody synthesis by traditional vaccine principles is difficult. We wished to understand the basis for deficient C-directed antibody synthesis and validate correction of the deficiency by an electrophilic gp120 analog (E-gp120) immunogen that binds B-cell receptors covalently. METHODS Serum antibody responses to a C peptide and full-length gp120 epitopes induced by HIV infection in humans and immunization of mice with gp120 or E-gp120 were monitored. HIV neutralization by monoclonal and variable domain-swapped antibodies was determined from tissue culture and humanized mouse infection assays. RESULTS We describe deficient C-directed IgG but not IgM antibodies in HIV-infected patients and mice immunized with gp120 accompanied by robust synthesis of IgGs to the immunodominant gp120 epitopes. Immunization with the E-gp120 corrected the deficient C-directed IgG synthesis without overall increased immunogenicity of the C or other gp120 epitopes. E-gp120-induced monoclonal IgGs neutralized diverse HIV strains heterologous to the immunogen. A C-directed IgG neutralized HIV more potently compared to its larger IgM counterpart containing the same variable domains, suggesting obstructed access to HIV surface-expressed C. An E-gp120-induced IgG suppressed HIV infection in humanized mice, validating the tissue culture neutralizing activity. CONCLUSION A C-selective physiological defect of IgM→IgG class-switch recombination (CSR) or restricted post-CSR B-cell development limits the functional utility of the humoral immune response to gp120. The E-gp120 immunogen is useful to bypass the restriction and induce broadly neutralizing C-directed IgGs (see Supplemental Video Abstract, http://links.lww.com/QAD/A551).
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Distribution, clinical features and molecular analysis of primary immunodeficiency diseases in Chinese children: a single-center study from 2005 to 2011. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2013; 32:1127-34. [PMID: 23673420 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0b013e31829aa9e9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
METHODS Two hundred three children with genetically proven primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs) from 197 unrelated families were enrolled from January 2005 to December 2011. RESULTS On the basis of criteria developed by the International Union of Immunological Societies, 79 patients were diagnosed as "other well-defined immunodeficiency syndromes" (38.9%), 62 (30.6%) with "predominant antibody deficiencies," 26 (12.8%) with "congenital defects of phagocyte," 25 (12.3%) with "T- and B-cell immunodeficiency" and 11 (5.4%) with "diseases of immune dysregulation." The median time to the diagnosis was 27.9 months and the patients had a wide range of clinical presentations. In addition, a total of 23 pathogenic genes were identified and 213 mutations were detected, including 42 novel mutations. CONCLUSIONS With the increase in the awareness of PIDs and diagnostic competence, more PID patients will be diagnosed and we will be able to more accurately identify the frequency and the distribution of PIDs in the most populous country in the world.
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Ólafsdóttir BE, Þorsteinsson DÞ, Einarsdóttir R, Lúðvíksson BR, Gröndal G, Erlendsson K, Haraldsson Á. Approved and unapproved use of immunoglobulins in Iceland. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 131:1703-5. [PMID: 23632300 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Revised: 02/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Reda SM, El-Ghoneimy DH, Afifi HM. Clinical predictors of primary immunodeficiency diseases in children. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2012; 5:88-95. [PMID: 23450209 PMCID: PMC3579097 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2013.5.2.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Revised: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To promote awareness of primary immunodeficiency (PID), the "10 warning signs" of PID and an immunodeficiency-related (IDR) score were developed. However, their efficiency in identifying PID cases was not sufficiently evaluated in clinical practice. The objective of this study was to test the validity of the 10 warning signs and IDR score in identifying PID among children with recurrent infections at a tertiary pediatric hospital in Egypt. Methods A retrospective analysis of the medical records of 204 patients was performed. Of these patients, 92 had defined PID diseases and 112 were considered non-PID cases because investigations were inconclusive. Results Demonstrating two warning signs and an IDR score of 6 led to sensitivities of 94 and 66%, respectively, and specificities of 64 and 75%, respectively, in identifying PID cases. The strongest predictor of PID was family history that, if combined with the need for intravenous antibiotics, recurrent deep-seated infections, and failure to thrive, could identify 81% of PID patients. A family history of PID, sibling death, and/or parental consanguinity would predict 92% of combined immunodeficiencies, 92% of phagocyte defects, 87% of well-identified immunodeficiency syndromes, and 84% of antibody deficiency if the need for intravenous antibiotics is considered in the latter. Conclusions The 10 warning signs and IDR score do not aid in an early diagnosis of severe PID. Educational campaigns should target pediatricians aiming to increase PID awareness and to address family history of PID, parental consanguinity, and previous sibling death as key predictors of PID in communities with a high prevalence of consanguineous marriages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shereen M Reda
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Gray PEA, Namasivayam M, Ziegler JB. Recurrent infection in children: when and how to investigate for primary immunodeficiency? J Paediatr Child Health 2012; 48:202-9. [PMID: 21564385 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1754.2011.02080.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
While the impact of infectious diseases in developed countries has been diminished by improved nutrition, hygiene, vaccination coverage and health care, infections remain common, and even the healthiest children may suffer frequent infections, occasionally necessitating admission to hospital. When investigating a child with recurrent infections, it is therefore important to know the frequency, severity, infectious syndrome and infecting organisms which a normal child might experience, and to understand the impact of the child's underlying health on their susceptibility to infection. This paper examines infectious susceptibility in the healthy and immunocompromised child and explores the respective presentations of some primary immunodeficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul E A Gray
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.
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Should newborns be screened for immunodeficiency?: lessons learned from infants with recurrent otitis media. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2012; 11:491-8. [PMID: 21901305 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-011-0221-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Recurrent otitis media in children is considered one of the warning signs of primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs), particularly antibody deficiencies. Infants who have the most serious and potentially lethal form of PID, severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), sometimes present with recurrent otitis media. Most of the time, because of the severity of the immune defect, they develop more serious and systemic infections. SCID is distinct among the PIDs and considered a pediatric emergency. Diagnosing SCID during the newborn period is crucial because survival completely depends on early diagnosis and treatment. Mortality declines significantly if immune reconstitution is established before 3.5 months of age, particularly before severe infections have occurred. However, most patients are diagnosed after they have suffered chronic or recurrent infections and developed permanent sequelae. Without institution of population-based newborn screening, most infants will miss the opportunity to live a healthy life.
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Hampson FA, Chandra A, Screaton NJ, Condliffe A, Kumararatne DS, Exley AR, Babar JL. Respiratory disease in common variable immunodeficiency and other primary immunodeficiency disorders. Clin Radiol 2012; 67:587-95. [PMID: 22226567 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2011.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Revised: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory disease is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality amongst patients with primary immunodeficiency disorders. Computed tomography (CT) plays an important role in the multidisciplinary approach to these conditions, in detecting, characterizing, and quantifying the extent of lung damage and in directing treatment. The aim of this review is to classify the primary immunodeficiency disorders and describe the thoracic complications and the associated CT findings whilst discussing the role of radiology in diagnosis and surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Hampson
- Department of Radiology, Papworth Hospital, Papworth Everard, Cambridge, UK
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Rezaei N, Mohammadinejad P, Aghamohammadi A. The demographics of primary immunodeficiency diseases across the unique ethnic groups in Iran, and approaches to diagnosis and treatment. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2011; 1238:24-32. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06239.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Rigby KM, DeLeo FR. Neutrophils in innate host defense against Staphylococcus aureus infections. Semin Immunopathol 2011; 34:237-59. [PMID: 22080185 PMCID: PMC3271231 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-011-0295-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Accepted: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus has been an important human pathogen throughout history and is currently a leading cause of bacterial infections worldwide. S. aureus has the unique ability to cause a continuum of diseases, ranging from minor skin infections to fatal necrotizing pneumonia. Moreover, the emergence of highly virulent, drug-resistant strains such as methicillin-resistant S. aureus in both healthcare and community settings is a major therapeutic concern. Neutrophils are the most prominent cellular component of the innate immune system and provide an essential primary defense against bacterial pathogens such as S. aureus. Neutrophils are rapidly recruited to sites of infection where they bind and ingest invading S. aureus, and this process triggers potent oxidative and non-oxidative antimicrobial killing mechanisms that serve to limit pathogen survival and dissemination. S. aureus has evolved numerous mechanisms to evade host defense strategies employed by neutrophils, including the ability to modulate normal neutrophil turnover, a process critical to the resolution of acute inflammation. Here we provide an overview of the role of neutrophils in host defense against bacterial pathogens and discuss strategies employed by S. aureus to circumvent neutrophil function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Rigby
- Laboratory of Human Pathogenesis, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 903 South 4th Street, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
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Wasserman RL, Manning SC. Diagnosis and treatment of primary immunodeficiency disease: the role of the otolaryngologist. Am J Otolaryngol 2011; 32:329-37. [PMID: 20724030 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2010.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2010] [Accepted: 05/10/2010] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to review the diagnosis and treatment of primary immunodeficiency disease (PID) and the role of otolaryngologists in the management of PID. METHODS A search was conducted of PubMed and the Web sites of organizations for PID patients for literature pertaining to the diagnosis and treatment of PID, with an emphasis on the role of otolaryngologists. The reference lists of selected articles were reviewed for additional articles. RESULTS Patients with PID commonly present with respiratory tract infections (eg, recurrent ear, nose, or throat infections) and chest disease. Diagnostic delays or inadequate treatment of PID may lead to significant morbidity and premature mortality. Immunoglobulin (Ig) replacement is the cornerstone of therapy for most patients with PID. Although intravenous Ig is the most popular route of administration in the United States, subcutaneous Ig administration may be appropriate for patients with poor venous access, those who are unable to tolerate intravenous Ig, or those who prefer the independence and flexibility of self-administration. CONCLUSIONS Recognition and diagnosis of PID by otolaryngologists are critical to optimizing patient outcomes. Several therapeutic regimens for Ig replacement are now available that offer patients increased flexibility and independence.
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Chronic pediatric pulmonary disease and primary humoral antibody based immune disease. Respir Med 2011; 105:511-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2010.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2009] [Revised: 11/08/2010] [Accepted: 11/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Waltenburg R, Kobrynski L, Reyes M, Bowen S, Khoury MJ. Primary immunodeficiency diseases: Practice among primary care providers and awareness among the general public, United States, 2008. Genet Med 2010; 12:792-800. [DOI: 10.1097/gim.0b013e3181f3e2c9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The general pediatrician should be empowered to utilize continuity of care for the recognition of unusual or severe patterns of infection. With the burgeoning field of genetics, primary immune deficiencies (PIDs) can be diagnosed and treated earlier to provide better outcomes for patients and families. Improved treatment modalities have redefined expectations for many infants born with PIDs. RECENT FINDINGS The prevalence of PIDs increases as researchers discover novel immunodeficiency syndromes and as clinicians increasingly recognize and diagnose nuanced presentations of immunodeficiency. Novel immunodeficiency syndromes associated with mutations in DOCK8, CARD9, and PRKDC recently have been described. For the first time in the United States, newborns from an entire state were screened for lymphopenia, allowing potentially life-saving early diagnosis of the most severe forms of PID before the onset of symptoms. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and gene therapy continue to be evaluated as curative treatments with increasing success rates for some of the most severe PIDs. SUMMARY The field of PID continues to expand and advancements have been made in earlier diagnosis and screening. Comparative effectiveness research into treatment modalities offered to patients with PID is leading to a better understanding of optimal therapies for specific PIDs. In the meantime, the advocacy efforts of established and emerging PID networks promote excellence in clinical recognition and treatment of PIDs in children.
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Yong PL, Orange JS, Sullivan KE. Pediatric common variable immunodeficiency: immunologic and phenotypic associations with switched memory B cells. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2010; 21:852-8. [PMID: 20337966 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3038.2010.01004.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) and low numbers of switched memory B cells have lower IgG levels and higher rates of autoimmune disease, splenomegaly, and granulomatous disease; however, no prior literature has focused exclusively on pediatric cases. We examined the relationship between switched memory B cells and clinical and immunologic manifestations of CVID in a pediatric population. Forty-five patients were evaluated. Patients were categorized as Group I (<5 switched memory B cells/ml, n = 24) or Group II (> or =5 switched memory B cells/mL, n = 21). CD3(+) T-cell counts and CD19(+) B-cell levels were lower among Group I patients. Only those in Group I had meningitis, sepsis, bronchiectasis, granulomatous lung disease, autoimmune cytopenias, or hematologic malignancies. Segregation of pediatric patients into high risk (Group I) and average risk (Group II) may assist in targeting surveillance appropriately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre L Yong
- Department of Medicine, Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Cassimos DC, Liatsis M, Stogiannidou A, Kanariou MG. Children with frequent infections: a proposal for a stepwise assessment and investigation of the immune system. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2010; 21:463-73. [PMID: 19922449 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3038.2009.00964.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Although many children develop frequent infections, only a few have an underlying immune disorder. Children with dysfunction of the immune system develop frequent infections and/or recurrent, persistent, severe, and rare infections. The aim of this review is to provide to the clinician a valuable tool for recognizing any 'discords' of the 'immune-system symphonic orchestra'. By following a reverse route, it will be possible to brighten up the dark and winding road of immunodeficiencies and identify the exact point of immune dysfunction. This is fundamental and crucial to perceive etiologic management and subsequently achieve the best for these young patients and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios C Cassimos
- Department of Immunology-Histocompatibility, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Abstract
Primary immune deficiency diseases (PIDs) are a heterogeneous group of inherited diseases characterized by variable genetic immune defects, conferring susceptibility to recurrent infections. They have a vast array of manifestations some of which involve the gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary systems. These complications can be the consequence of five different factors, namely, infection, autoimmune process, unregulated inflammation, malignancies and complications of therapeutic intervention. They may precede the PID diagnosis and, once developed, they pose high risk of morbidity. Untrained clinicians may treat these manifestations only at the level of their presentation, leaving the PIDs dangerously undiagnosed. In fact, early diagnosis of PIDs and accompanied gastrointestinal and hepatic complications clearly require appropriate treatment, and in-turn lead to an improved quality of life for the patient. To improve the awareness of gastroenterologists and related health care providers about these diseases, we have reviewed herein the complications of different PIDs focusing on gastrointestinal and hepatic manifestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh Z. Al-Muhsen
- Prince Naif Center for Immunology Research, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,Address for correspondence: Dr. Saleh Z. Al-Muhsen, Department of Pediatrics, King Khaled University Hospital, King Saud University, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, P.O. Box 2925, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia. E-mail:
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Abstract
The benefit of immunoglobulin (IG) replacement in primary antibody deficiencies is unquestionable. Many of these congenital disorders present early in life and this therapy is often first implemented in the young. This article focuses on the indications of IG replacement in children, with an emphasis on the specific diagnostic problems encountered in this population. Also presented is an overview of the practical aspects of IG administration in the pediatric setting, including the recognition and management of adverse reactions. Finally, the advent of subcutaneous IG, a therapeutic IG modality with the potential to have a great impact on the quality of life of children with antibody deficiencies and their families, is discussed.
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Human ClinicalPhenotype Associated with FOXN1 Mutations. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-1599-3_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Longás Valién J, Cuartero Lobera J, Merodio Gómez A. [Anesthetic considerations in primary immunodeficiencies]. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE ANESTESIOLOGIA Y REANIMACION 2008; 55:626-636. [PMID: 19177865 DOI: 10.1016/s0034-9356(08)70675-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Primary immunodeficiencies are a group of mostly hereditary, or congenital, disorders. Some cases, however, show no hereditary pattern despite an evident familial distribution. The incidence of these cases is variable and the most frequent of them is immunoglobulin A deficiency. Many are pediatric disorders that are occasionally so serious that the patient does not survive the first year of life due to the development of systemic infections. In other cases, survival is much longer and it is possible to find adult carriers in routine clinical practice. These are less aggressive cases that form part of specific clinical syndromes that must be recognized so that appropriate anesthetic management can be planned. We review the clinical characteristics of primary immunodeficiencies that may be relevant to anesthetic management in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Longás Valién
- Servicio de Anestesiología, Reanimación y Terapia del Dolor, Hospital Clinico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza.
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Reda SM, Afifi HM, Amine MM. Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases in Egyptian Children: A Single-Center Study. J Clin Immunol 2008; 29:343-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s10875-008-9260-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2008] [Accepted: 10/20/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Multifocal extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma involving both the lungs and brain in a child with primary immunodeficiency. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2008; 30:317-9. [PMID: 18391703 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0b013e318161aa3b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Immunodeficiency is associated with increased susceptibility to infections and B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders, which range from polyclonal proliferations to monoclonal lymphomas. In primary immunodeficiencies, the true incidence of lymphoproliferative disorders has been estimated between 1.4% and 24%. Recurrent or chronic infections resulting in continuous antigen exposure result in abnormal B-cell proliferation and ultimately lymphoma. Immunosuppression leads to increase in likelihood of Epstein-Barr virus-associated malignancies. We report a case of the child with multifocal extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma involving both the lungs and brain in a case of primary immunodeficiency.
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Primary Immunodeficiencies. PEDIATRIC ALLERGY, ASTHMA AND IMMUNOLOGY 2008. [PMCID: PMC7121684 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-33395-1_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs), once considered to be very rare, are now increasingly recognized because of growing knowledge in the immunological field and the availability of more sophisticated diagnostic techniques and therapeutic modalities [161]. However in a database of >120,000 inpatients of a general hospital for conditions suggestive of ID 59 patients were tested, and an undiagnosed PID was found in 17 (29%) of the subjects tested [107]. The publication of the first case of agammaglobulinemia by Bruton in 1952 [60] demonstrated that the PID diagnosis is first done in the laboratory. However, PIDs require specialized immunological centers for diagnosis and management [33]. A large body of epidemiological evidence supports the hypothesis of the existence of a close etiopathogenetic relation between PID and atopy [73]. In particular, an elevated frequency of asthma, food allergy (FA), atopic dermatitis and enteric pathologies can be found in various PIDs. In addition we will discuss another subject that is certainly of interest: the pseudo-immunodepressed child with recurrent respiratory infections (RRIs), an event that often requires medical intervention and that very often leads to the suspicion that it involves antibody deficiencies [149].
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Sneller MC, Lane HC. Infections in the immunocompromised host. Clin Immunol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-04404-2.10031-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Mansouri D, Adimi P, Mirsaedi M, Mansouri N, Tabarsi P, Amiri M, Jamaati HR, Motavasseli M, Baghaii N, Cheraghvandi A, Rouhi R, Roozbahany NA, Zahirifard S, Mohammadi F, Masjedi MR, Velayati AA, Casanova JL, Speert DP, Elwood RK, Schellenberg R, Turvey SE. Primary immune deficiencies presenting in adults: seven years of experience from Iran. J Clin Immunol 2007; 25:385-91. [PMID: 16133995 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-005-4124-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) are not solely diseases of childhood. We describe the clinical presentation and outcome for 55 adult patients with previously unrecognized PIDs. This series provides unique data regarding PIDs presenting in adulthood, and serves as a timely reminder that physicians must consider the diagnosis of PIDs in their adult patients. Using the experience gained from these patients, we outline key "warning signs" suggestive of an underlying PID. Only through increased physician awareness will patients with PIDs receive timely diagnosis and optimal management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davood Mansouri
- National Research Institute for Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Masih Daneshvary Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Darabad, Tehran, Iran.
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Braskett M, Roberts RL. Evaluation and Treatment of Children with Primary Immune Deficiency in the Emergency Department. CLINICAL PEDIATRIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpem.2007.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Mikhak Z, Kelly P, Cohen TS, Cox JE, Kimonis VE. Immunoglobulin deficiency in Stickler syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2007; 140:2824-7. [PMID: 17103448 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.31513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zamaneh Mikhak
- Healthy Link Asthma Education Program, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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Roggen EL, Soni NK, Verheyen GR. Respiratory immunotoxicity: An in vitro assessment. Toxicol In Vitro 2006; 20:1249-64. [PMID: 16876979 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2006.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2005] [Revised: 03/30/2006] [Accepted: 03/31/2006] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
As yet, in vitro assessment of the immunotoxic potency of respiratory agents is not possible. The complexity of the endpoint and the respiratory tract, and the limited availability of well-documented respiratory agents are the main reasons. The evidence that epithelial cells (ECs) are triggered by compounds to express in vitro surface proteins and soluble mediators, has stimulated their use for developing tests for respiratory immunotoxicity. A variety of airway ECs and EC-lines have been assessed, but the available information seems to point at human alveolar cells (e.g., A549) as the most convenient cell type. EC-based test formats with various degrees of complexity have been assessed. Sofar, promising results were obtained using a 3D model using the human A549 lung cell line. Dendritic cells (DCs) have been subjected to intensive research. However, currently available tests are not well suited to discern among the potency of sensitizers. Potential explanations include the lack of standardised protocols for the generation of DCs, no good standards for estimating the quality of in vitro derived DC-cultures, and limited dynamics of the currently used end-points. Alveolar macrophages (AMs) have so far received less attention. This may proof unjustified as macrophages may link innate responses to adaptive immunity. The observation that ECs, DCs and AMs affect each other, suggests that test formats are required combining at least two of these cell types if ranking of compounds according to their sensitising potency is the aim. In addition, the capacity of compounds to cross a cellular membrane is an important property of an immunotoxic compound, which can be assessed only in 3D reconstituted human tissue models. While promising data have been reported for the skin, immunocompetent 3D reconstituted human lung remains to be evaluated for respiratory immunotoxicity. Obviously, the success of any of these simplified test (as compared to the complexity of the immune response) is highly dependent on the availability of early stage biomarkers (expressed at mucosal barrier level) that are predictive for relevant immunotoxicity mechanisms occurring down-stream of the immune response. As yet, such biomarkers are not yet available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwin L Roggen
- Department of Protein Screening, Molecular Biotechnology, Novozymes AS Smoermosevej 11, 2880 Bagsvaerd, Denmark.
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50
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Rezaei N, Pourpak Z, Aghamohammadi A, Farhoudi A, Movahedi M, Gharagozlou M, Mirsaeid Ghazi B, Atarod L, Abolmaali K, Mahmoudi M, Mansouri D, Arshi S, Tarash NJ, Sherkat R, Amin R, Kashef S, Hosseini RF, Mohammadzadeh I, Shabestari MS, Nabavi M, Moin M. Consanguinity in primary immunodeficiency disorders; the report from Iranian Primary Immunodeficiency Registry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 56:145-51. [PMID: 16836617 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2006.00409.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PROBLEM Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders (PiD) are a heterogeneous group of genetic disorders, with different modes of inheritance. This study was accomplished in order to determine the frequency of consanguineous marriages in the families of patients with PiD. METHOD In this study, the records 515 Iranian PiD patients were reviewed during a 25-year period. RESULTS The mean proportion of consanguineous marriages was 65.6% among PiD patients, while the overall rate was 38.6% in the country. The rate of consanguinity was 77.8% in cellular immunodeficiencies, 75.8% in combined immunodeficiencies, 72.5% in defects of phagocytic function, 58.6% in other immunodefiiencies, 54.1% in predominantly antibody deficiencies, and 50% in complement deficiencies. Moreover all patients with immunodeficiency associated with other diseases had consanguineous parents. Such marriages were most common in the parents of patients with Chediak-Higashi syndrome, severe combined immunodeficiencies, primary CD4 deficiency, ataxia-telangiectasia, selective IgG class deficiencies, chronic granulomatous disease, and Schwachman syndrome. CONCLUSIONS It is important to inform the general population about the dangers of consanguinity, which is very common in some areas such as Iran. Premarital examination to avoid genetic diseases could be suggested, especially in a community where the rate of consanguineous marriage is high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Rezaei
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Children Medical Center, Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
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