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Radbel J, Meshanni JA, Vayas KN, Le-Hoang O, Abramova E, Zhou P, Joseph LB, Laskin JD, Gow AJ, Laskin DL. Effects of ozone exposure on lung injury, inflammation, and oxidative stress in a murine model of nonpneumonic endotoxemia. Toxicol Sci 2024; 200:299-311. [PMID: 38749002 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfae062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have identified exposure to environmental levels of ozone as a risk factor for the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a severe form of acute lung injury (ALI) that can develop in humans with sepsis. The aim of this study was to develop a murine model of ALI to mechanistically explore the impact of ozone exposure on ARDS development. Mice were exposed to ozone (0.8 ppm, 3 h) or air control followed 24 h later by intravenous administration of 3 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or PBS. Exposure of mice to ozone + LPS caused alveolar hyperplasia; increased BAL levels of albumin, IgM, phospholipids, and proinflammatory mediators including surfactant protein D and soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products were also detected in BAL, along with markers of oxidative and nitrosative stress. Administration of ozone + LPS resulted in an increase in neutrophils and anti-inflammatory macrophages in the lung, with no effects on proinflammatory macrophages. Conversely, the numbers of resident alveolar macrophages decreased after ozone + LPS; however, expression of Nos2, Arg1, Cxcl1, Cxcl2, Ccl2 by these cells increased, indicating that they are activated. These findings demonstrate that ozone sensitizes the lung to respond to endotoxin, resulting in ALI, oxidative stress, and exacerbated pulmonary inflammation, and provide support for the epidemiologic association between ozone exposure and ARDS incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared Radbel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
| | - Jaclynn A Meshanni
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Kinal N Vayas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Oahn Le-Hoang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
| | - Elena Abramova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Peihong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Laurie B Joseph
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Laskin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Justice, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Andrew J Gow
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Debra L Laskin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
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Joelsson JP, Asbjarnarson A, Sigurdsson S, Kricker J, Valdimarsdottir B, Thorarinsdottir H, Starradottir E, Gudjonsson T, Ingthorsson S, Karason S. Ventilator-induced lung injury results in oxidative stress response and mitochondrial swelling in a mouse model. Lab Anim Res 2022; 38:23. [PMID: 35869495 PMCID: PMC9308307 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-022-00133-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Mechanical ventilation is a life-saving therapy for critically ill patients, providing rest to the respiratory muscles and facilitating gas exchange in the lungs. Ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) is an unfortunate side effect of mechanical ventilation that may lead to serious consequences for the patient and increase mortality. The four main injury mechanisms associated with VILI are: baro/volutrauma caused by overstretching the lung tissues; atelectrauma, caused by repeated opening and closing of the alveoli resulting in shear stress; oxygen toxicity due to use of high ratio of oxygen in inspired air, causing formation of free radicals; and biotrauma, the resulting biological response to tissue injury, that leads to a cascade of events due to excessive inflammatory reactions and may cause multi-organ failure. An often-overlooked part of the inflammatory reaction is oxidative stress. In this research, a mouse model of VILI was set up with three tidal volume settings (10, 20 and 30 mL/kg) at atmospheric oxygen level. Airway pressures and heart rate were monitored and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue samples were taken.
Results
We show a correlation between increased inflammation and barrier failure, and higher tidal volumes, evidenced by increased IL-6 expression, high concentration of proteins in BALF along with changes in expression of adhesion molecules. Furthermore, swelling of mitochondria in alveolar type II cells was seen indicating their dysfunction and senescence-like state. RNA sequencing data present clear increases in inflammation, mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative stress as tidal volume is increased, supported by degradation of Keap1, a redox-regulated substrate adaptor protein.
Conclusions
Oxidative stress seems to be a more prominent mechanism of VILI than previously considered, indicating that possible treatment methods against VILI might be identified by impeding oxidative pathways.
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3
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Polenogova OV, Noskov YA, Artemchenko AS, Zhangissina S, Klementeva TN, Yaroslavtseva ON, Khodyrev VP, Kruykova NA, Glupov VV. Citrobacter freundii, a natural associate of the Colorado potato beetle, increases larval susceptibility to Bacillus thuringiensis. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:3823-3835. [PMID: 35238478 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We assume that certain representatives of gut microflora mediate immune changes during dysbiosis, accelerating septicemia caused by Bacillus thuringiensis. RESULTS Co-introduction of Citrobacter freundii with Bacillus thuringiensis var. tenebrionis (morrisoni) (Bt) led to an increase in Colorado potato beetle (CPB) larval mortality to 69.0% (1.3-5×) and a synergistic effect was observed from day 1 to day 6. Ultrathin sections of the CPB midgut showed autophagosome formation and partial destruction of gut microvilli under the influence of Bt, which was accompanied by pronounced hypersecretion of the endoplasmic reticulum with apocrine vesicle formation and oncotic changes in cells under the action of C. freundii. The destruction of gut tissues was accompanied by suppression of detoxification processes under the action of the bacteria and a decrease (2.8-3.5×) in the concentration of lipid oxidation products during Bt infection. In the first hours post combined treatment, we registered a slight increase in the total hemocyte count (THC) especially a predomination (1.4×) of immune-competent plasmatocytes. Oral administration of symbiotic and entomopathogenic bacteria to the CPB larvae significantly decreased the THC (1.4×) after 24 h and increased (1.1-1.5×) the detoxifying enzymes level in the lymph. These changes are likely to be associated with the destruction of hemocytes and the need to remove the toxic products of reactive oxygen species. CONCLUSION The obtained results indicate that feeding of C. freundii and B. thuringiensis to the CPB larvae is accompanied by tissue changes that significantly affect the cellular and humoral immunity of the insect, increasing its susceptibility to Bt. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V Polenogova
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Yury A Noskov
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
- National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Anna S Artemchenko
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Saule Zhangissina
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Tatyana N Klementeva
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Olga N Yaroslavtseva
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Viktor P Khodyrev
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Natalya A Kruykova
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Viktor V Glupov
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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4
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Molecular relation between biological stress and carcinogenesis. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:9929-9945. [PMID: 35610338 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07543-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This paper aims to overview different types of stress, including DNA replication stress, oxidative stress, and psychological stress. Understanding the processes that constitute a cellular response to varied types of stress lets us find differences in how normal cells and cancer cells react to the appearance of a particular kind of stressor. The revealed dissimilarities are the key for targeting new molecules and signaling pathways in anticancer treatment. For this reason, molecular mechanisms that underlay DNA replication stress, oxidative stress, and psychological stress have been studied and briefly presented to indicate biochemical points that make stressors contribute to cancer development. What is more, the viewpoint in which cancer constitutes the outcome and the cause of stress has been taken into consideration. In a described way, this paper draws attention to the problem of cancer-related post-traumatic stress disorder and proposes a novel, multidimensional oncological approach, connecting anticancer treatment with psychiatric support.
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McVey MJ, Steinberg BE, Goldenberg NM. Inflammasome activation in acute lung injury. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 320:L165-L178. [PMID: 33296269 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00303.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes tasked with sensing endogenous or exogenous inflammatory signals and integrating this signal into a downstream response. Inflammasome activation has been implicated in a variety of pulmonary diseases, including pulmonary hypertension, bacterial pneumonia, COPD, and asthma. Of increasing interest is the contribution of inflammasome activation in the context of acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS). Inflammasome activation in both the lung parenchyma and resident immune cells generates intereukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18, both of which drive the cascade of lung inflammation forward. Blockade of these responses has been shown to be beneficial in animal models and is a focus of translational research in the field. In this review, we will discuss the assembly and regulation of inflammasomes during lung inflammation, highlighting therapeutically viable effector steps. We will examine the importance of IL-1β and IL-18, two key products of inflammasome activation, in ALI, as well as the contribution of the pulmonary endothelial cell to this process. Finally, we will explore translational research moving toward anti-inflammasome therapies for ALI/ARDS and speculate toward future directions for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J McVey
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physics, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benjamin E Steinberg
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Neil M Goldenberg
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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6
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Bhetraratana M, Orozco LD, Hong J, Diamante G, Majid S, Bennett BJ, Ahn IS, Yang X, Lusis AJ, Araujo JA. Diesel exhaust particles dysregulate multiple immunological pathways in murine macrophages: Lessons from microarray and scRNA-seq technologies. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 678:108116. [PMID: 31568751 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.108116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to ambient particulate matter has been shown to promote a variety of disorders, including cardiovascular diseases predominantly of ischemic etiology. However, the mechanisms linking inhaled particulates with systemic vascular effects, resulting in worsened atherosclerosis, are not well defined. We assessed the potential role of macrophages in translating these effects by analyzing gene expression patterns in response to diesel exhaust particles (DEP) at the average cell level, using Affymetrix microarrays in peritoneal macrophages in culture (in vitro), and at the individual cell level, using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) in alveolar macrophages collected from exposed mice (in vivo). Peritoneal macrophages were harvested from C57BL/6J mice and treated with 25 μg/mL of a DEP methanol extract (DEPe). These cells exhibited significant (FDR < 0.05) differential expression of a large number of genes and enrichment in pathways, especially engaged in immune responses and antioxidant defense. DEPe led to marked upregulation of heme oxygenase 1 (Hmox1), the most significantly upregulated gene (FDR = 1.75E-06), and several other antioxidant genes. For the in vivo work, C57BL/6J mice were subjected to oropharyngeal aspiration of 200 μg of whole DEP. The gene expression profiles of the alveolar macrophages harvested from these mice were analyzed at the single-cell level using scRNA-seq, which showed significant dysregulation of a broad number of genes enriched in immune system pathways as well, but with a large heterogeneity in how individual alveolar macrophages responded to DEP exposures. Altogether, DEP pollutants dysregulated immunological pathways in macrophages that may mediate the development of pulmonary and systemic vascular effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Bhetraratana
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Luz D Orozco
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jason Hong
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Graciel Diamante
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sana Majid
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brian J Bennett
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - In Sook Ahn
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jesus A Araujo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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7
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Garcia AM, Allawzi A, Tatman P, Hernandez-Lagunas L, Swain K, Mouradian G, Bowler R, Karimpour-Fard A, Sucharov CC, Nozik-Grayck E. R213G polymorphism in SOD3 protects against bleomycin-induced inflammation and attenuates induction of proinflammatory pathways. Physiol Genomics 2018; 50:807-816. [PMID: 30004839 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00053.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD), one of three mammalian SOD isoforms, is the sole extracellular enzymatic defense against superoxide. A known human single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the matrix-binding domain of EC-SOD characterized by an arginine-to-glycine substitution at position 213 (R213G) redistributes EC-SOD from the matrix into extracellular fluids. We previously reported that knock-in mice harboring the human R213G SNP (R213G mice) exhibited enhanced resolution of inflammation with subsequent protection against fibrosis following bleomycin treatment compared with wild-type (WT) littermates. Herein we set out to determine the underlying pathways with RNA-Seq analysis of WT and R213G lungs 7 days post-PBS and bleomycin. RNA-Seq analysis uncovered significant differential gene expression changes induced in WT and R213G strains in response to bleomycin. Ingenuity Pathways Analysis was used to predict differentially regulated up- and downstream processes based on transcriptional changes. Most prominent was the induction of inflammatory and immune responses in WT mice, which were suppressed in the R213G mice. Specifically, PKC signaling in T lymphocytes, IL-6, and NFΚB signaling were opposed in WT mice when compared with R213G. Several upstream regulators such as IFNγ, IRF3, and IKBKG were implicated in the divergent responses between WT and R213G mice. Our data suggest that the redistributed EC-SOD due to the R213G SNP attenuates the dysregulated inflammatory responses observed in WT mice. We speculate that redistributed EC-SOD protects against dysregulated alveolar inflammation via reprogramming of recruited immune cells toward a proresolving state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastacia M Garcia
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Ayed Allawzi
- Developmental Lung Biology and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Philip Tatman
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Laura Hernandez-Lagunas
- Developmental Lung Biology and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kalin Swain
- Developmental Lung Biology and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Gary Mouradian
- Developmental Lung Biology and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Russell Bowler
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health , Denver, Colorado
| | - Anis Karimpour-Fard
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Carmen C Sucharov
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Eva Nozik-Grayck
- Developmental Lung Biology and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
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8
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Wang X, Lai R, Su X, Chen G, Liang Z. Edaravone attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome associated early pulmonary fibrosis via amelioration of oxidative stress and transforming growth factor-β1/Smad3 signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 495:706-712. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.10.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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9
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Wan Y, Zhang S, Li L, Chen H, Zhou R. Characterization of a novel streptococcal heme-binding protein SntA and its interaction with host antioxidant protein AOP2. Microb Pathog 2017; 111:145-155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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10
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Palumbo S, Shin YJ, Ahmad K, Desai AA, Quijada H, Mohamed M, Knox A, Sammani S, Colson BA, Wang T, Garcia JGN, Hecker L. Dysregulated Nox4 ubiquitination contributes to redox imbalance and age-related severity of acute lung injury. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 312:L297-L308. [PMID: 28062482 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00305.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a devastating critical illness disproportionately affecting the elderly population, with both higher incidence and mortality. The integrity of the lung endothelial cell (EC) monolayer is critical for preservation of lung function. However, mechanisms mediating EC barrier regulation in the context of aging remain unclear. We assessed the severity of acute lung injury (ALI) in young (2 mo) and aged (18 mo) mice using a two-hit preclinical model. Compared with young cohorts, aged mice exhibited increased ALI severity, with greater vascular permeability characterized by elevated albumin influx and levels of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells (neutrophils) and protein. Aged/injured mice also demonstrated elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the BAL, which was associated with upregulation of the ROS-generating enzyme, Nox4. We evaluated the role of aging in human lung EC barrier regulation utilizing a cellular model of replicative senescence. Senescent EC populations were defined by increases in β-galactosidase activity and p16 levels. In response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge, senescent ECs demonstrate exacerbated permeability responses compared with control "young" ECs. LPS challenge led to a rapid induction of Nox4 expression in both control and senescent ECs, which was posttranslationally mediated via the proteasome/ubiquitin system. However, senescent ECs demonstrated deficient Nox4 ubiquitination, resulting in sustained expression of Nox4 and alterations in cellular redox homeostasis. Pharmacological inhibition of Nox4 in senescent ECs reduced LPS-induced alterations in permeability. These studies provide insight into the roles of Nox4/senescence in EC barrier responses and offer a mechanistic link to the increased incidence and mortality of ARDS associated with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunmi Palumbo
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; and
| | - Yoon-Joo Shin
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; and
| | - Kareem Ahmad
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; and
| | - Ankit A Desai
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; and
| | - Hector Quijada
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; and
| | - Mohamed Mohamed
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; and
| | - Adam Knox
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; and
| | - Saad Sammani
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; and
| | - Brett A Colson
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; and
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; and
| | - Joe G N Garcia
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; and
| | - Louise Hecker
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; and .,Southern Arizona VA Health Care System (SAVAHCS), Tucson, Arizona
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11
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Zhao H, Eguchi S, Alam A, Ma D. The role of nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf-2) in the protection against lung injury. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 312:L155-L162. [PMID: 27864288 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00449.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a ubiquitous master transcription factor that upregulates antioxidant response elements (AREs)-mediated expression of antioxidant enzyme and cytoprotective proteins. Activation of Nrf2 has been shown to be protective against lung injury. In the lung, diverse stimuli including environmental oxidants, medicinal agents, and pathogens can activate Nrf2. Nrf2 translocates to the nucleus and binds to an ARE. Through transcriptional induction of ARE-bearing genes encoding antioxidant-detoxifying proteins, Nrf2 induces cellular rescue pathways against oxidative pulmonary injury, abnormal inflammatory and immune responses, and apoptosis. The Nrf2-antioxidant pathway has been shown to be important in the protection against various lung injuries including acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome and bronchopulmonary dysplasia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, asthma, and allergy and was widely examined for new therapeutic targets. The present review explores the protective role of Nrf-2 against lung injury and the therapeutic potential in targeting Nrf-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailin Zhao
- Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shiori Eguchi
- Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Azeem Alam
- Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daqing Ma
- Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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12
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Kuck JL, Obiako BO, Gorodnya OM, Pastukh VM, Kua J, Simmons JD, Gillespie MN. Mitochondrial DNA damage-associated molecular patterns mediate a feed-forward cycle of bacteria-induced vascular injury in perfused rat lungs. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 308:L1078-85. [PMID: 25795724 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00015.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Fragments of the mitochondrial genome released into the systemic circulation after mechanical trauma, termed mitochondrial DNA damage-associated molecular patterns (mtDNA DAMPs), are thought to mediate the systemic inflammatory response syndrome. The close association between circulating mtDNA DAMP levels and outcome in sepsis suggests that bacteria also might be a stimulus for mtDNA DAMP release. To test this hypothesis, we measured mtDNA DAMP abundance in medium perfusing isolated rat lungs challenged with an intratracheal instillation of 5 × 10(7) colony-forming units of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (strain 103; PA103). Intratracheal PA103 caused rapid accumulation of selected 200-bp sequences of the mitochondrial genome in rat lung perfusate accompanied by marked increases in both lung tissue oxidative mtDNA damage and in the vascular filtration coefficient (Kf). Increases in lung tissue mtDNA damage, perfusate mtDNA DAMP abundance, and Kf were blocked by addition to the perfusion medium of a fusion protein targeting the DNA repair enzyme Ogg1 to mitochondria. Intra-arterial injection of mtDNA DAMPs prepared from rat liver mimicked the effect of PA103 on both Kf and lung mtDNA integrity. Effects of mtDNA and PA103 on Kf were also attenuated by an oligodeoxynucleotide inhibitor of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR-9) by mitochondria-targeted Ogg1 and by addition of DNase1 to the perfusion medium. Collectively, these findings are consistent with a model wherein PA103 causes oxidative mtDNA damage leading to a feed-forward cycle of mtDNA DAMP formation and TLR-9-dependent mtDNA damage that culminates in acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie L Kuck
- Department of Pharmacology, University of South Alabama, College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Boniface O Obiako
- Department of Pharmacology, University of South Alabama, College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Olena M Gorodnya
- Department of Pharmacology, University of South Alabama, College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Viktor M Pastukh
- Department of Pharmacology, University of South Alabama, College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Justin Kua
- Department of Pharmacology, University of South Alabama, College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Jon D Simmons
- Department of Surgery and Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Mark N Gillespie
- Department of Pharmacology, University of South Alabama, College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama;
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Udensi UK, Tchounwou PB. Dual effect of oxidative stress on leukemia cancer induction and treatment. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2014; 33:106. [PMID: 25519934 PMCID: PMC4320640 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-014-0106-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) has been characterized by an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a biological system's ability to repair oxidative damage or to neutralize the reactive intermediates including peroxides and free radicals. High ROS production has been associated with significant decrease in antioxidant defense mechanisms leading to protein, lipid and DNA damage and subsequent disruption of cellular functions. In humans, OS has been reported to play a role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, Lou Gehrig's disease, multiple sclerosis and Parkinson's disease, as well as atherosclerosis, autism, cancer, heart failure, and myocardial infarction. Although OS has been linked to the etiology and development of chronic diseases, many chemotherapeutic drugs have been shown to exert their biologic activity through induction of OS in affected cells. This review highlights the controversial role of OS in the development and progression of leukemia cancer and the therapeutic application of increased OS and antioxidant approaches to the treatment of leukemia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udensi K Udensi
- NIH/NIMHD RCMI Center for Environmental Health, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, 39217, USA.
| | - Paul B Tchounwou
- NIH/NIMHD RCMI Center for Environmental Health, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, 39217, USA.
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14
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Effect of superfine grinding on quality and antioxidant property of fine green tea powders. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2011.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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15
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Reuter S, Gupta SC, Chaturvedi MM, Aggarwal BB. Oxidative stress, inflammation, and cancer: how are they linked? Free Radic Biol Med 2010; 49:1603-16. [PMID: 20840865 PMCID: PMC2990475 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3425] [Impact Index Per Article: 244.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2010] [Revised: 08/30/2010] [Accepted: 09/03/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Extensive research during the past 2 decades has revealed the mechanism by which continued oxidative stress can lead to chronic inflammation, which in turn could mediate most chronic diseases including cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular, neurological, and pulmonary diseases. Oxidative stress can activate a variety of transcription factors including NF-κB, AP-1, p53, HIF-1α, PPAR-γ, β-catenin/Wnt, and Nrf2. Activation of these transcription factors can lead to the expression of over 500 different genes, including those for growth factors, inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, cell cycle regulatory molecules, and anti-inflammatory molecules. How oxidative stress activates inflammatory pathways leading to transformation of a normal cell to tumor cell, tumor cell survival, proliferation, chemoresistance, radioresistance, invasion, angiogenesis, and stem cell survival is the focus of this review. Overall, observations to date suggest that oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and cancer are closely linked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Reuter
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The objective of this review is to provide an comprehensive overview of the evolution of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in cellular, animal and human models with specific reference to sepsis and haemorrhage. Within this work we have attempted to describe the temporal evolution of the disease process.ARDS is a complication of pulmonary and systemic disease and it can follow sepsis or haemorrhage. The definition of this condition states an acute onset and this review seeks to clarify the time course of that onset following sepsis and haemorrhage. The underlying pathophysiological mechanisms include activation of the immune response, neutrophil activation and sequestration of these into the alveolus with subsequent tissue damage and hypoxia. RESULTS The biological evolution of these processes from sepsis or haemorrhage has been well described and the earliest measurable changes in the process occur within 15 min with the clinical manifestations of the syndrome occurring within 12 h. The rapid development of this condition should be considered during the treatment of haemorrhagic or septic shock.
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17
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Irwin DC, McCord JM, Nozik-Grayck E, Beckly G, Foreman B, Sullivan T, White M, T Crossno J, Bailey D, Flores SC, Majka S, Klemm D, van Patot MCT. A potential role for reactive oxygen species and the HIF-1alpha-VEGF pathway in hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular leak. Free Radic Biol Med 2009; 47:55-61. [PMID: 19358884 PMCID: PMC2689923 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2008] [Revised: 03/06/2009] [Accepted: 03/28/2009] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Acute hypoxia causes pulmonary vascular leak and is involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary edema associated with inflammation, acute altitude exposure, and other critical illnesses. Reactive oxygen species, HIF-1, and VEGF have all been implicated in various hypoxic pathologies, yet the ROS-HIF-1-VEGF pathway in pulmonary vascular leak has not been defined. We hypothesized that the ROS-HIF-1-VEGF pathway has an important role in producing hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular leak. Human pulmonary artery endothelial cell (HPAEC) monolayers were exposed to either normoxia (21% O(2)) or acute hypoxia (3% O(2)) for 24 h and monolayer permeability and H(2)O(2), nuclear HIF-1alpha, and cytosolic VEGF levels were determined. HPAEC were treated with antioxidant cocktail (AO; ascorbate, glutathione, and alpha-tocopherol), HIF-1 siRNA, or the VEGF soluble binding protein fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) to delineate the role of the ROS-HIF-1-VEGF pathway in hypoxia-induced HPAEC leak. Additionally, mice exposed to hypobaric hypoxia (18,000 ft, 10% O(2)) were treated with the same antioxidant to determine if in vitro responses corresponded to in vivo hypoxia stress. Hypoxia increased albumin permeativity, H(2)O(2) production, and nuclear HIF-1alpha and cytosolic VEGF concentration. Treatment with an AO lowered the hypoxia-induced HPAEC monolayer permeability as well as the elevation of HIF-1alpha and VEGF. Treatment of hypoxia-induced HPAEC with either an siRNA designed against HIF-1alpha or the VEGF antagonist sFlt-1 decreased monolayer permeability. Mice treated with AO and exposed to hypobaric hypoxia (18,000 ft, 10% O(2)) had less pulmonary vascular leak than those that were untreated. Our data suggest that hypoxia-induced permeability is due, in part, to the ROS-HIF-1alpha-VEGF pathway.
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MESH Headings
- Active Transport, Cell Nucleus/drug effects
- Active Transport, Cell Nucleus/genetics
- Animals
- Antioxidants/pharmacology
- Capillary Permeability/drug effects
- Capillary Permeability/genetics
- Cell Nucleus/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/pathology
- Hypoxia
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/genetics
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/immunology
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Pulmonary Artery/pathology
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Transcriptional Activation/drug effects
- Transcriptional Activation/genetics
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Irwin
- University of Colorado Health Science Center, School of Medicine, Denver, CO 80262, USA.
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Stubbs RJ, Tolkamp BJ. Control of energy balance in relation to energy intake and energy expenditure in animals and man: an ecological perspective. Br J Nutr 2007; 95:657-76. [PMID: 16571145 DOI: 10.1079/bjn20041361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we consider the control of energy balance in animals and man. We argue that patterns of mammalian feeding have evolved to control energy balance in uncertain environments. It is, therefore, expected that, under sedentary conditions in which the diet is rich in nutrients and abundantly available, animals and man will overeat. This suggests that no physiological defects are needed to induce overweight and ultimately obesity in man. Several considerations arise from these observations. The time period over which energy balance is controlled is far longer than allowed by most experiments. Physiological models of energy balance control often treat excess energy intake as a defect of regulation; ecological models view the same behaviour as part of normal energy balance control in environments where resources are uncertain. We apply these considerations to common patterns of human and animal feeding. We believe that the ecological perspective gives a more accurate explanation for the functionality of excess fat and the need to defend nutrient balance and avoid gross imbalances, as well as explaining hyperphagia in the face of plenty. By emphasising the common features of energy balance control in different mammalian species, the importance of changes in behaviour to accommodate changes in the environment becomes apparent. This also opens up possibilities for the control of body weight and the treatment of obesity in man.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Stubbs
- Rowett Research Institute, Greenburn Road, Bucksburn, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, UK
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Zhang T, Zhang X, Shao Z, Ding R, Yang S, Ruan J, Sun X, Xu J, Huang C, Hu Z, Zhang X. The Prophylactic and Therapeutic Effects of Cholinolytics on Perfluoroisobutylene Inhalation Induced Acute Lung Injury. J Occup Health 2005; 47:277-85. [PMID: 16096351 DOI: 10.1539/joh.47.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Perfluoroisobutylene (PFIB) is a kind of fluoro-olefin that is ten times more toxic than phosgene. The mechanisms of the acute lung injury (ALI) induced by PFIB inhalation remain unclear. To find possible pharmacological interventions, mice and rats were exposed to PFIB, and the prophylactic or therapeutic effects of 3-quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB) and anisodamine were studied and confirmed. It was observed that the wet lung/body weight and the dry lung/body weight ratios at 24 h after PFIB exposure (130 mg/m(3) for 5 min) were significantly decreased when a single dose of QNB (5 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally either 30 min before exposure or 10 h after exposure. Anisodamine was without any prophylactic or therapeutic effects at single doses below 30 mg/kg. The effects of QNB against PFIB inhalation induced ALI were well evidenced by the significantly decreased mice mortality at 72 h, the total protein concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid at 24 h after the PFIB exposure, as well as the ultrastructural observations. The analysis of the time courses of lung sulfhydryl concentration, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and hemorheology assay showed that the toxicity of PFIB may be due to consumption of lung protein sulfhydryl, influx of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) into the lung, and increased peripheral blood viscosity at a low shear rate, all of which were partially blocked by QNB intervention except for PMN influx. The results suggest that cholinolytics might have prophylactic and therapeutic roles in PFIB inhalation induced ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhong Zhang
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Scheibmeir HD, Christensen K, Whitaker SH, Jegaethesan J, Clancy R, Pierce JD. A review of free radicals and antioxidants for critical care nurses. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 2005; 21:24-8. [PMID: 15681214 DOI: 10.1016/j.iccn.2004.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In the critical care setting, nurses frequently care for patients with acute and chronic diseases that affect multiple body systems. Many of these medical conditions have been associated with an imbalance between oxidizing chemicals called free radicals and antioxidants. Free radical damage is now assumed to be a contributing factor in all major diseases. In order to provide the most current and comprehensive care, critical care nurses need to be well informed about how free radicals cause damage and the antioxidant compounds that neutralize their destructive effects. This article provides an overview of oxygen free radicals and antioxidants and how they impact different clinical illnesses familiar to critical care nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heath D Scheibmeir
- School of Nursing, University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS 66160-7504, USA
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Ashitani JI, Mukae H, Arimura Y, Sano A, Tokojima M, Nakazato M. High concentrations of alpha-defensins in plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Life Sci 2004; 75:1123-34. [PMID: 15207659 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2004.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2003] [Accepted: 02/25/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
alpha-Defensins, antimicrobial peptides localized in neutrophils, participate in tissue damage through their cytotoxic effects in neutrophil-mediated pulmonary diseases. Neutrophils play an important role in the pathogenesis of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We measured alpha-defensins levels in plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of ARDS patients to assess the kinetics of alpha-defensins in ARDS. Plasma alpha-defensins levels were higher in ARDS patients than in control subjects, and BALF levels were also higher in ARDS patients than in control subjects. In ARDS, BALF alpha-defensins levels correlated with those of interleukin (IL)-8, and plasma alpha-defensins levels also correlated with Lung Injury Score. Peripheral neutrophil alpha-defensins contents were higher in ARDS than the control. IL-8 dose-dependently stimulated alpha-defensins release from cultured neutrophils and these levels were higher in ARDS than the control. Reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography showed high plasma levels of pro-defensins, precursors of alpha-defensins from the bone marrow in ARDS, although alpha-defensins in peripheral and BALF neutrophils were mature type. In conclusion, high plasma alpha-defensins in ARDS patients result from the release of pro-defensins from bone marrow, rather than mature alpha-defensins from neutrophils that accumulate in the alveolar space. The alpha-defensins contents of peripheral neutrophils in ARDS are higher and easier to release than control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ichi Ashitani
- The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Miyazaki Medical College, Kihara 5200, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan.
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Liu Z, Yu Y, Jiang Y, Li J. Growth hormone increases circulating neutrophil activation and provokes lung microvascular injury in septic peritonitis rats. J Surg Res 2002; 105:195-9. [PMID: 12121707 DOI: 10.1006/jsre.2002.6374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growth hormone (GH) has been shown to increase mortality in critical illness, illustrating the need for better understanding of GH treatment. The neutrophil is a key mediator in producing organ injury following shock and trauma and is regulated by GH. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of GH on circulating neutrophil activation and subsequent lung injury induced by sepsis in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sepsis was induced in male Wistar rats via cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Recombinant human growth hormone (1 IU/kg) was given subcutaneously right after CLP with an additional injection at 12 h after CLP. CD11b expression and an oxidative burst of neutrophils were detected using flow cytometric analysis. Lung myeloperoxidase activity was determined as an index of tissue neutrophil accumulation. Lung microvascular injury was assessed by quantitating extravasation of Evan's blue dye into lung parenchyma. RESULTS Growth hormone significantly increased sepsis-induced expression of CD11b and sepsis-induced circulating neutrophil activation. Also growth hormone increased neutrophil accumulation in lungs induced by sepsis. Lung microvascular injury was aggravated by growth hormone treatment in septic rats. CONCLUSIONS It is worthwhile to rethink GH administration in critical illness and further studies are required to determine the safety and clinical benefits of GH administration in critical illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihai Liu
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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